FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lindberg, SE Brooks, S Lin, CJ Scott, KJ Landis, MS Stevens, RK Goodsite, M Richter, A AF Lindberg, SE Brooks, S Lin, CJ Scott, KJ Landis, MS Stevens, RK Goodsite, M Richter, A TI Dynamic oxidation of gaseous mercury in the Arctic troposphere at polar sunrise SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-ICE COVER; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; OZONE DEPLETION; METHYL MERCURY; EMISSIONS; BROMINE; METHYLMERCURY; DEPOSITION; SPECIATION AB Gaseous elemental mercury (Hg-0) is a globally distributed air toxin with a long atmospheric residence time. Any process that reduces its atmospheric lifetime increases its potential accumulation in the biosphere. Our data from Barrow, AK, at 71degrees N show that rapid, photochemically driven oxidation of boundary-layer Hg-0 after polar sunrise, probably by reactive halogens, creates a rapidly depositing species of oxidized gaseous mercury in the remote Arctic troposphere at concentrations in excess of 900 pg m(-3). This mercury accumulates in the snowpack during polar spring at an accelerated rate in a form that is bioavailable to bacteria and is released with snowmelt during the summer emergence of the Arctic ecosystem. Evidence suggests that this is a recent phenomenon that may be occurring throughout the earth's polar regions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. US EPA, Human Exposure Anal Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Natl Environm Res Inst Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Lindberg, SE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; Goodsite, Michael/B-7321-2012; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Goodsite, Michael/0000-0002-4565-6607; Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 66 TC 364 Z9 383 U1 6 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1245 EP 1256 DI 10.1021/es0111941 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532EF UT WOS:000174458100015 PM 11944676 ER PT J AU Holman, HYN Nieman, K Sorensen, DL Miller, CD Martin, MC Borch, T McKinney, WR Sims, RC AF Holman, HYN Nieman, K Sorensen, DL Miller, CD Martin, MC Borch, T McKinney, WR Sims, RC TI Catalysis of PAH biodegradation by humic acid shown in synchrotron infrared studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SOIL; PHENANTHRENE; DECHLORINATION; SURFACTANT; DIOXINS AB The role of humic acid (HA) in the biodegradation of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been the subject of controversy, particularly in unsaturated environments, By utilizing an infrared spectromicroscope and a very bright, nondestructive synchrotron photon source, we monitored in situ and, over time, the influence of HA on the progression of degradation of pyrene (a model PAH) by a bacterial colony on a magnetite surface. Our results indicate that HA dramatically shortens the onset time for PAH biodegradation from 168 to 2 h. In the absence of HA, it takes the bacteria about 168 h to produce sufficient glycolipids to solubilize pyrene and make it bioavailable for biodegradation. These results will have large implications for the bioremediation of contaminated soils. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Utah State Univ, Utah Water Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Holman, HYN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014; Borch, Thomas/A-2288-2008; Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139; Borch, Thomas/0000-0002-4251-1613; Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625 NR 33 TC 56 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1276 EP 1280 DI 10.1021/es0157200 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532EF UT WOS:000174458100019 PM 11944680 ER PT J AU Holman, HYN Goth-Goldstein, R Aston, D Yun, M Kengsoontra, J AF Holman, HYN Goth-Goldstein, R Aston, D Yun, M Kengsoontra, J TI Evaluation of gastrointestinal solubilization of petroleum hydrocarbon residues in soil using an in vitro physiologically based model SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR; DIGESTIVE FLUID EXTRACTION; ADULT HUMAN-BEINGS; ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION; ARSENIC BIOAVAILABILITY; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; INTESTINAL DIGESTION; AGGREGATION STATES; CONTAMINATED SOIL AB Petroleum hydrocarbon residues in weathered soils may pose risks to humans through the ingestion pathway. To understand the factors controlling their gastrointestinal (131) absorption, a newly developed experimental extraction protocol was used to model the Gl solubility of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) residues in highly weathered soils from different sites. The 31 solubility of TPH residues was significantly higher for soil contaminated with diesel than with crude oil. Compared to the solubility of TPH residues during fasted state, the solubility of TPH residues during fat digestion was much greater. Diesel solubility increased from an average of 8% during the "gallbladder empty" phase of fasting (and less than 0.2% during the other fasting phase) to an average of 16% during fat digestion. For crude oil, the solubility increased from an average of 1.2% during the gallbladder empty phase of fasting (and undetectable during the other fasting phase) to an average of 4.5% during fat digestion. Increasing the concentration of bile salts also increased Gl solubility. 131 solubility was reduced by soil organic carbon but enhanced by the TPH content. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holman, HYN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014 OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625 NR 63 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1281 EP 1286 DI 10.1021/es010987k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532EF UT WOS:000174458100020 PM 11944681 ER PT J AU Gudjonsson, T Villadsen, R Nielsen, HL Ronnov-Jessen, L Bissell, MJ Petersen, OW AF Gudjonsson, T Villadsen, R Nielsen, HL Ronnov-Jessen, L Bissell, MJ Petersen, OW TI Isolation, immortalization, and characterization of a human breast epithelial cell line with stem cell properties SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE human cell; breast; stem cell; immortal; K19 ID MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS; IN-VITRO; HUMAN PAPILLOMA-VIRUS-16; MALIGNANT BREAST; MAMMARY-GLAND; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; CULTURE; TRANSFORMATION; PHENOTYPES AB The epithelial compartment of the human breast comprises two distinct lineages: the luminal epithelial and the myoepithelial lineage. We have shown previously that a subset of the luminal epithelial cells could convert to myoepithelial cells in culture signifying the possible existence of a progenitor cell. We therefore set out to identify and isolate the putative precursor in the luminal epithelial compartment. Using cell surface markers and immunomagnetic sorting, we isolated two luminal epithelial cell populations from primary cultures of reduction mammoplasties. The major population coexpresses sialomucin (MUC+) and epithelial-specific antigen (ESA(+)) whereas the minor population has a suprabasal position and expresses epithelial specific antigen but no sialomucin (MUC-/ESA(+)). Two cell lines were further established by transduction of the E6/E7 genes from human papilloma virus type 16. Both cell lines maintained a luminal epithelial phenotype as evidenced by expression of the tight junction proteins, claudin-1 and occludin, and by generation of a high transepithelial electrical resistance on semipermeable filters. Whereas in clonal cultures, the MUC+/ESA(+) epithelial cell line was luminal epithelial restricted in its differentiation repertoire, the suprabasal-derived MUC-/ESA(+) epithelial cell line was able to generate itself as well as MUC+/ESA(+) epithelial cells and Thy-1(+)/alpha-smooth muscle actin(+) (ASMA(+)) myoepithelial cells. The MUC-/ESA(+) epithelial cell line further differed from the MUC+/ESA(+) epithelial cell line by the expression of keratin K19, a feature of a subpopulation of epithelial cells in terminal duct lobular units in vivo. Within a reconstituted basement membrane, the MUC+/ESA(+) epithelial cell line formed acinus-like spheres. In contrast, the MUC-/ESA(+) epithelial cell line formed elaborate branching structures resembling uncultured terminal duct lobular units both by morphology and marker expression. Similar structures were obtained by inoculating the extracellular matrix-embedded cells subcutaneously in nude mice. Thus, MUC-/ESA(+) epithelial cells within the luminal epithelial lineage may function as precursor cells of terminal duct lobular units in the human breast. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Inst Med Anat, Struct Cell Biol Unit, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. August Krogh Inst, Zoophysiol Lab, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Petersen, OW (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Inst Med Anat, Struct Cell Biol Unit, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. RI Ronnov-Jessen OR Ronnovjessen, Lone/A-5981-2013; OI Villadsen, Rene/0000-0002-5226-381X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-64786-02, R01 CA064786, R37 CA064786] NR 50 TC 239 Z9 256 U1 2 U2 10 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 6 BP 693 EP 706 DI 10.1101/gad.952602 PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 533EM UT WOS:000174516500006 PM 11914275 ER PT J AU Salve, R AF Salve, R TI An automated tunnel evaporation measurement system for confined spaces SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE evaporation measurement; confined and windy environments AB An automated tunnel evaporation-rate measurement system (TEMS) has been designed to measure automatically the evaporation from a cylinder 0.30 m in diameter and similar to0.10 m tall. This cylinder continuously maintains a constant height of water, with losses to evaporation replenished from a stilling cylinder connected to a water reservoir. The evaporation rate is measured by a transducer located at the bottom of the stilling well. The TEMS was tested over a period of 3 months in an underground research facility with relatively strong wind effects, changing temperature, and changing humidity. During this period, the TEMS continued to function uninterrupted, automatically measuring the evaporation amounts along a tunnel and an enclosed niche. These observations suggest that this tool can be useful for investigations of evaporation processes both in enclosed and ventilated environments. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salve, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Mail Stop 14-116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1109 DI 10.1002/hyp.553 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 534QP UT WOS:000174598200009 ER PT J AU Wurtz, GA Dimitrijevic, NM Wiederrecht, GP AF Wurtz, GA Dimitrijevic, NM Wiederrecht, GP TI The spatial extension of the field scattered by silver nanoparticles excited near resonance as observed by apertureless near-field optical microscopy SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nanoparticle; scattering; SNOM; AFM; plasmon; resonance; silver; ATR ID ENHANCEMENT; SURFACE; PROBE AB We report an investigation of the field scattered by isolated silver nanoparticles on a glass substrate observed by apertureless near-Field optical microscopy with an illumination wavelength of 404 nm. We observe an unexpected spatial extension of the scattered field, The near-field contrast (both distribution and intensity) is shown to be strongly sensitive to polarization of the incident light, A large (x 10) field enhancement observed in transverse macmetic (TM) polarization is interpreted to be the result of the Contribution of the particle plasmon resonance to the diffracted field. The results are further discussed in terms of the particle shape And the experimental configuration used. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wurtz, GA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wiederrecht@anl.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 2 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 - Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3B BP L351 EP L354 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.L351 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 566TK UT WOS:000176444200018 ER PT J AU Stanbery, BJ Kincal, S Kim, S Chang, CH Ahrenkiel, SP Lippold, G Neumann, H Anderson, TJ Crisalle, OD AF Stanbery, BJ Kincal, S Kim, S Chang, CH Ahrenkiel, SP Lippold, G Neumann, H Anderson, TJ Crisalle, OD TI Epitaxial growth and characterization of CuInSe2 crystallographic polytypes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHALCOPYRITE TYPE COMPOUNDS; SE THIN-FILMS; LATTICE-VIBRATIONS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; CRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; ORIENTATION; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB Migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE) has been successfully employed to grow epitaxial films of the ternary compound CuInSe2 on (001) GaAs that exhibit distinct coexisting domains of both a nonequilibrium crystallographic structure characterized by CuAu (CA) cation ordering, and the compound's equilibrium chalcopyrite structure. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron diffraction, and Raman scattering data provide evidence for this structural polytype. Distinctive signatures of the CA polytype are found in the data from each of these methods, and their analyses are consistent with assignment of this crystallographic structure to the P (4) over bar m2 space group. This structure is found to preferentially segregate into domains that constitute a distinct metastable phase, which may be stabilized by surface kinetic effects favored by the MEE growth process. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Heliovolt Corp, Austin, TX 78746 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Inst Surface Modificat, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Heliovolt Corp, 1101 S Capital Texas Highway,Suite 100F, Austin, TX 78746 USA. EM stanbery@heliovolt.com RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Kincal, Serkan/A-4683-2016 NR 40 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 6 BP 3598 EP 3604 DI 10.1063/1.1446234 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JG UT WOS:000174182500016 ER PT J AU Vyvenko, OF Buonassisi, T Istratov, AA Hieslmair, H Thompson, AC Schindler, R Weber, ER AF Vyvenko, OF Buonassisi, T Istratov, AA Hieslmair, H Thompson, AC Schindler, R Weber, ER TI X-ray beam induced current - a synchrotron radiation based technique for the in situ analysis of recombination properties and chemical nature of metal clusters in silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEFECTS; IRON AB A synchrotron radiation based x-ray microprobe analytical technique, x-ray beam induced current (XBIC), is suggested and demonstrated at the Advanced Light Source at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The principle of XBIC is similar to that of electron/laser beam induced current with the difference that minority carriers are generated by a focused x-ray beam. XBIC can be combined with any other x-ray microprobe tool, such as the x-ray fluorescence microprobe (mu-XRF), to complement chemical information with data on the recombination activity of impurities and defects. Since the XBIC signal, which carries information about the recombination activity of defects in the sample, and the mu-XRF signal, which contains data on their chemical nature, can be collected simultaneously, this combination offers a unique analytical capability of in situ analysis of the recombination activity of defects and their chemical origin with a high sensitivity and a micron-scale spatial resolution. Examples of an application of this technique to multicrystalline silicon for solar cells are demonstrated. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vyvenko, OF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, MS 62-203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012; Vyvenko, Oleg/I-6539-2013; OI Vyvenko, Oleg/0000-0001-6077-3679; Hieslmair, Henry/0000-0002-5842-1882 NR 15 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 6 BP 3614 EP 3617 DI 10.1063/1.1450026 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JG UT WOS:000174182500018 ER PT J AU Guillorn, MA McKnight, TE Melechko, A Merkulov, VI Britt, PF Austin, DW Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML AF Guillorn, MA McKnight, TE Melechko, A Merkulov, VI Britt, PF Austin, DW Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML TI Individually addressable vertically aligned carbon nanofiber-based electrochemical probes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RELEASE; CELLS AB In this paper we present the fabrication and initial testing results of high aspect ratio vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF)-based electrochemical probes. Electron beam lithography was used to define the catalytic growth sites of the VACNFs. Following catalyst deposition, VACNF were grown using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. Photolithography was performed to realize interconnect structures. These probes were passivated with a thin layer of SiO2, which was then removed from the tips of the VACNF, rendering them electrochemically active. We have investigated the functionality of completed devices using cyclic voltammetry (CV) of ruthenium hexammine trichloride, a highly reversible, outer sphere redox system. The faradaic current obtained during CV potential sweeps shows clear oxidation and reduction peaks at magnitudes that correspond well with the geometry of these nanoscale electrochemical probes. Due to the size and the site-specific directed synthesis of the VACNFs, these probes are ideally suited for characterizing electrochemical phenomena with an unprecedented degree of spatial resolution. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guillorn, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 NR 11 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 6 BP 3824 EP 3828 DI 10.1063/1.1448671 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JG UT WOS:000174182500051 ER PT J AU Potter, RM Key, TA Gurevich, VV Sklar, LA Prossnitz, ER AF Potter, RM Key, TA Gurevich, VV Sklar, LA Prossnitz, ER TI Arrestin variants display differential binding characteristics for the phosphorylated N-formyl peptide receptor carboxyl terminus SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; BETA-ARRESTIN; VISUAL ARRESTIN; SYNTHETIC PHOSPHOPEPTIDE; CLATHRIN ADAPTER; HUMAN NEUTROPHIL; RHODOPSIN; DESENSITIZATION; ENDOCYTOSIS; ACTIVATION AB The phosphorylation-dependent binding of arrestins to cytoplasmic domains of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is thought to be a crucial step in receptor desensitization. In some GPCR systems, arrestins have also been demonstrated to be involved in receptor internalization, resensitization, and the activation of signaling cascades. The objective of the current study was to examine binding interactions of members of the arrestin family with the formyl peptide receptor (FPR), a member of the GPCR family of receptors. Peptides representing the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated carboxyl terminus of the FPR were synthesized and bound to polystyrene beads via a biotin/streptavidin interaction. Using fluorescein-conjugated arrestins, binding interactions between arrestins and the bead-bound FPR carboxyl terminus were analyzed by flow cytometry. Arrestin-2 and arrestin-3 bound to the FPRcarboxyl-terminal peptide in aphosphorylation-dependent manner, with K-d values in the micromolar range. Binding of visual arrestin, which binds rhodopsin with high selectivity, was not observed. Arrestin-2-(1-382) and arrestin-3-(1-393), truncated mutant forms of arrestin that display phosphorylation-independent binding to intact receptors, were also observed to bind the bead-bound FPR terminus in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, but with much greater affinity than the full-length arrestins, yielding Kd values in the 5-50 nm range. Two additional arrestin mutants, which are full-length but display phosphorylation-independent binding to intact GPCRs, were evaluated for their binding affinity to the FPR carboxyl terminus. Whereas the single point mutant, arrestin-2 R169E, displayed an affinity similar to that of the full-length arrestins, the triple point mutant, arrestin-2 I386A/V387A/F388A, displayed an affinity more similar to that of the truncated forms of arrestin. The results suggest that the carboxyl terminus of arrestin is a critical determinant in regulating the binding affinity of arrestin for the phosphorylated domains of GPCRs. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Hlth Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prossnitz, ER (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Prossnitz, Eric/B-4543-2008; Gurevich, Vsevolod/A-3236-2008; OI Gurevich, Vsevolod/0000-0002-3950-5351; Prossnitz, Eric/0000-0001-9190-8302 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315]; NEI NIH HHS [EY11500]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI36357, AI43932]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM60799, GM63097] NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 11 BP 8970 EP 8978 DI 10.1074/jbc.M111086200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 531DK UT WOS:000174400600033 PM 11777932 ER PT J AU Szabelski, P Cavazzini, A Kaczmarski, K Liu, X Van Horn, J Guiochon, G AF Szabelski, P Cavazzini, A Kaczmarski, K Liu, X Van Horn, J Guiochon, G TI Experimental studies of pressure/temperature dependence of protein adsorption equilibrium in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE temperature effects; adsorption isotherms; pressure effects; hydrophobic surfaces; proteins; insulin ID IRREVERSIBLE ADSORPTION; SOLUTE RETENTION; CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE; SOLVENT STRENGTH; GRADIENT ELUTION; BAND PROFILES; MOBILE-PHASE; TEMPERATURE; SELECTIVITY; PRESSURE AB The effect of the average pressure and temperature of the column on the adsorption equilibrium of insulin variants on a C-8 bonded silica was studied in isocratic reversed-phase HPLC. Analytical injections of samples of four different insulins (bovine, porcine, Lys-Pro and human recombinant) were carried out at constant flow-rate but under increased average pressure. The temperature dependence of the retention parameters over the range 25-50 degreesC was studied under two different average column pressures (47 and 147 bar). Substantial increases of the retention time (up to 300%) were observed when the pressure and/or the temperature were increased. Similar adsorption-induced changes in the partial molar volume at constant temperature (DeltaV(m) approximate to 102 ml/mol) were found for all the variants studied. Furthermore, DeltaV(m) was revealed to be practically independent of the temperature, which suggests that the temperature has no or very little influence on the mechanism of the pressure induced perturbations in the molecular structure of the solute. This conclusion was also derived from the observed temperature dependence of the logarithm of the retention factor (k) measured under different pressures. The relation between the temperature and In k was nonlinear with a parabolic shape. Moreover, the shapes of the plots corresponding to the low and high pressures were found to be exactly the same, except that the curves were vertically shifted, due to the difference between the two average column pressures. These results indicate that pressure and temperature affect the retention behavior of insulins in a different and separate way. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lilly Corp Ctr, BHI Qual Control Lab, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cavazzini, Alberto/B-7051-2015 OI Cavazzini, Alberto/0000-0002-2510-0871 NR 53 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 950 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 53 AR PII S0021-9673(01)01614-4 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01614-4 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 537YA UT WOS:000174786200004 PM 11991006 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZR Ding, YS Studenov, AR Gerasimov, MR Ferrieri, RA AF Zhang, ZR Ding, YS Studenov, AR Gerasimov, MR Ferrieri, RA TI Novel synthesis of 1-C-11]gamma-vinyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid ([1-C-11]GVG) for pharmacokinetic studies of addiction treatment SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE GVG; vinyl-GABA; Vigabatrin; GABA-T; C-11 positron emission tomography (PET) ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; 4-AMINO-HEX-5-ENOIC ACID; C-14-LABELED VIGABATRIN; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS; INHIBITOR; BRAIN; AMINOTRANSFERASE; STRATEGY; CYANIDE AB gamma-Vinyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GVG, Vigabatrin((R))), a suicide inhibitor of GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), has been suggested as a new drug for the treatment of substance abuse. In order to better understand its pharmacokinetics and potential side effects, we have developed a radiosynthesis of carbon-11 (t(1/2)=20min) labeled GVG for positron emission tomographic (PET) studies. We report here a novel synthetic strategy to prepare the precursor and to efficiently label GVG with C-11. 5-Bromo-3-(carbobenzyloxy)amino-l-pentene was synthesized in five steps from homoserine lactone, including reduction and methylenation. This was used in a one-pot, two-step radiosynthesis. Displacement of bromide with no-carrier-added [C-11]cyanide followed by acid hydrolysis afforded [1-C-11]GVG with decay corrected radiochemical yields of 27 +/- 9% (n = 6, not optimized) with respect to [C-11]cyanide in a synthesis time of 45 min. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ding, YS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1002/jlcr.544 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 535LC UT WOS:000174645100003 ER PT J AU Lange, CW VanBrocklin, HF Taylor, SE AF Lange, CW VanBrocklin, HF Taylor, SE TI Photoconjugation of 3-azido-5-nitrobenzyl-[F-18]fluoride to an oligonucleotide aptamer SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE fluorine-18; PET; photoconjugation; phenylazide; aptamer ID STRANDED-DNA MOLECULES; F-18; SELECTION; CONJUGATION; PROTEINS; INVITRO; PROBES; BIND; RNA AB Photoconjugation techniques are well established in biochemistry and molecular biology applications. We report here the first application of photoconjugation to label an oligonucleotide with positron emitting fluorine-18. ANBF, 3-azido-5-nitrobenzyl fluoride, was tagged with fluorine-18 in 30-50% yield from the corresponding tosylate. The HPLC purified [F-18]ANBF was photochemically conjugated to a hexylamine modified 15-base, single stranded, DNA aptamer with up to 20% radiolabeling efficiency, based on starting [18F]ANBF. Separation by gel exclusion chromatography and HPLC analysis of the DNA fractions indicated that the benzyl fluoride was covalently bound to the aptamer. The total reaction time from the start of radiosynthesis was 135 min. Based on these results, the feasibility to photolabel oligonucleotide molecules with fluorine-18 labeled arylazides for PET applications has been established. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Taylor, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 55-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1002/jlcr.565 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 535LC UT WOS:000174645100009 ER PT J AU Triolo, A Lin, JS Triolo, R AF Triolo, A Lin, JS Triolo, R TI Early and late stages of demixing of a commercial Al-Li alloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; PHASE-SEPARATION; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; ZN ALLOYS; KINETICS; SYSTEM; PATTERNS; SAXS AB A detailed in situ SAXS investigation is presented on the phase separation process in a commercial aluminum-lithium alloy. Taking advantage of conventional and synchrotron X-ray sources, it has been possible to probe both slow and fast kinetics. Both early and late stages of demixing are probed in a range of different temperatures between 75 and 200degreesC. The corresponding SAXS data are interpreted in terms of the currently accepted theories. The large temperature range covered in these measurements allows obtaining information on activated processes occurring in these materials. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 BENSC, Hahn Meitner Inst, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Chim Fis, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. CNR, Inst Tech Spettroscopiche, I-98123 Messina, Italy. RP BENSC, Hahn Meitner Inst, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM triolo@hmi.de RI Triolo, Alessandro/B-7760-2008; Triolo, Alessandro/A-4431-2012 OI Triolo, Alessandro/0000-0003-4074-0743 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1207 EP 1213 DI 10.1023/A:1014327824507 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 525LQ UT WOS:000174072100019 ER PT J AU Hong, SI Hill, MA AF Hong, SI Hill, MA TI Mechanical and electrical properties of heavily drawn Cu-Nb microcomposites with various Nb contents SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU COMPOSITES; FILAMENTARY MICROCOMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURAL STABILITY; YIELD STRENGTH; CONDUCTIVITY; WIRES; RESISTIVITY; ALLOYS AB The mechanical and electrical properties of Cu-Nb filamentary microcomposite fabricated by the bundling and drawing process were examined. The strength increased gradually with increasing Nb content while the ductility was insensitive to Nb content. The ratios of yield stresses are found to be close to that of Young's moduli in various Cu-Nb microcomposites, suggesting that athermal obstacles primarily control the strength. The fracture morphologies show ductile fractures irrespective of Nb contents. Secondary cracking along the interfaces between subelemental wires was occasionally observed and the frequency of secondary cracking increased with increasing Nb content. The conductivity and the resistivity ratio (rho(295) (K)/rho(75) (K)) decreased with increasing Nb content. The decrease of the conductivity and the resistivity ratio can be explained by the increasing contribution of interface scattering. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Met Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hong, SI (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Met Engn, Taedok Sci Town, Taejon 305764, South Korea. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1237 EP 1245 DI 10.1023/A:1014336026324 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 525LQ UT WOS:000174072100023 ER PT J AU Orme, CJ Harrup, MK McCoy, JD Weinkauf, DH Stewart, FF AF Orme, CJ Harrup, MK McCoy, JD Weinkauf, DH Stewart, FF TI Pervaporation of water-dye, alcohol-dye, and water-alcohol mixtures using a polyphosphazene membrane SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE liquid permeability and separations; pervaporation; polyphosphazene; polymer functionalization ID EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; CROSS-LINKING; PERMEATION; SORPTION; PHENOXY; VAPORS AB A novel phosphazene heteropolymer (HPP) was synthesized that contained three differing pendant groups: 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol (MEE), 4-methoxyphenol, and 2-allylphenol. The resulting polymer is an amorphous elastomer with good film forming properties where MEE and 4-methoxyphenol pendant groups influenced the hydrophilicity and the solvent compatibility of the polymer. Sorption studies were performed to characterize the polymer in terms of Hansen solubility parameters. Additionally, group contributions were used to predict the Hansen parameters for the polymer and these data compared favorably with the observed solubility behavior with 15 solvents that ranged from hydrocarbons to water. Homopolymers synthesized from MEE and 4-methoxyphenol were also studied for solubility revealing different behaviors with each representing a limit in hydrophilicity; MEE formed a water-soluble hydrophilic polymer and 4-methoxyphenol yielded a hydrophobic polymer. Membranes formed from HPP were characterized for use as pervaporation membranse using five different feeds: water-dye, methanol-dye, 2-propanol-dye, water-2-propanol, and water-methanol. Fluxes of methanol and isopropanol were greater than for water. For the alcohol-water separations, the alcohol was the favored permeate in all cases with higher fluxes observed for higher alcohol feed concentrations, however, separation factors declined. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Stewart, FF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI McCoy, John/B-3846-2010 OI McCoy, John/0000-0001-5404-1404 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 197 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(01)00633-0 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 518WC UT WOS:000173690000007 ER PT J AU Wang, F Hickner, M Kim, YS Zawodzinski, TA McGrath, JE AF Wang, F Hickner, M Kim, YS Zawodzinski, TA McGrath, JE TI Direct polymerization of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random (statistical) copolymers: candidates for new proton exchange membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polymerization; proton exchange membrane; Nafion 1135 ID KETONE) AB Novel biphenol-based wholly aromatic poly(arylene ether sulfone)s containing up to two pendant sulfonate groups per repeat unit were prepared by potassium carbonate mediated direct aromatic nucleophilic substitution polycondensation of disodium 3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone (SDCDPS), 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone (DCDPS) and 4,4'-biphenol. Copolymerization proceeded quantitatively to high molecular weight in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at 190degreesC. Tough membranes with a SDCDPS/DCDPS mole ratio up to 60:40 were successfully cast using N,N-dimethylactamide. An increase of sulfonate groups in the copolymer resulted in increased glass transition temperature, enhanced membrane hydrophilicity, and intrinsic viscosity; the 100% SDCDPS homopolymer was water soluble. The acid form membranes were successfully obtained by treating the sodium form of the membranes with dilute sulfuric acid solution. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the sodium form materials have enhanced thermal stability relative to the acid form, as expected. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase images of the acid form membranes clearly show the hydrophilic domains, with sizes increasing from 10 to 25 nm as a function of the degree of sulfonation. A phase inversion could be observed for the 60% SCSDPS copolymer, which was consistent with a rapid increase in water absorption. Short-term aging (30 min) indicates that the desired acid form membranes are stable to 220degreesC in air and conductivity values at 30degreesC of 0.11 S/cm (SDCDPS/DCDPS = 0.4) and 0.17 S/cm (SDCDPS/DCDPS = 0.6) were measured. which are comparable to or higher than the state-of-the-art fluorinated copolymer Nafion 1135 control (0.12 S/cm). The conductivity is greatly influenced by ion exchange capacity, temperature, and water activity. The new copolymers, which contain ion conductivity sites on the deactivated positions of the aryl backbone rings, are candidates as new polymeric electrolyte materials for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Mat Res Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGrath, JE (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 37 TC 833 Z9 860 U1 21 U2 195 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 197 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(01)00620-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 518WC UT WOS:000173690000017 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, MB TI Comment on 'Large-N theory of strongly commensurate dirty bosons: absence of a transition in two dimensions' SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB We show that the strongly commensurate dirty boson system must have a phase transition in two dimensions, and argue that the low-lying states have a diverging localization length. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2519 EP 2521 AR PII S0305-4470(02)29553-0 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/35/10/401 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 540DT UT WOS:000174914600016 ER PT J AU Anderson, IE Terpstra, RL AF Anderson, IE Terpstra, RL TI Progress toward gas atomization processing with increased uniformity and control SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Spray Deposition and Melt Atomization (SDMA-2000) CY JUN 26-28, 2000 CL BREMEN, GERMANY DE gas atomization processing; uniformity; control AB Many advanced technologies based on particulate materials demand the availability of fine spherical powders or spherical powders of a narrow particle size class. Generally, high-pressure gas atomization (HPGA) is a close-coupled discrete jet atomization method and is one of the most effective methods of producing such powders. Development of HPGA nozzles with discrete jets resembling convergent - divergent (C - D) rocket nozzle designs, instead of the previous cylindrical jets, was conducted to increase atomization efficiency and uniformity and to reduce the required gas supply pressures. Results of compressible gas flow measurements on both types of HPGA nozzles revealed a steadily increasing trend of gas mass flow with gas supply pressure and a positive deviation from isentropic behavior that increases for increasing supply pressure. This has been attributed to an insufficient volume in the atomization nozzle gas manifold that experiences enhanced expansion cooling at increasing pressures. In experiments on 316L stainless steel, the atomization efficiency of the HPGA nozzle with C-D jets was higher than that of the HPGA nozzle with cylindrical jets, reflecting a lower gas/metal mass flow ratio. In other words, while the powder size distributions were nearly the same for all of the HPGA experiments, the HPGA nozzle with C-D jets utilized atomization gas with a significantly reduced operating pressure and mass flow rate. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 326 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01427-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01427-7 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 538LP UT WOS:000174817700012 ER PT J AU Biefeld, RM AF Biefeld, RM TI The metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and properties of III-V antimony-based semiconductor materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS LA English DT Review DE MOCVD; metal-organic chemical vapor deposition; antimonides; III-V semiconductors ID STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; PHASE EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION; DOPED INDIUM-ANTIMONIDE; MAGNETIC-FIELD SENSORS; HIGH-MOBILITY INSB; 3.5 MU-M; OMVPE GROWTH AB This article comprehensively reviews the growth of III-Vantimony-based semiconductor materials using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). It does this by first discussing the general trends found for the growth of these materials. Next the specific growth techniques are discussed for each of the antimony-based systems including the binaries InSb, GaSb, and AlSb. The growth techniques used for many of the ternaries and quaternaries of these materials are also discussed. Following this a brief description of the use of dopants, novel organometallic sources and superlattices is presented. Next, the use of common characterization techniques is presented for different types of materials. A variety of the types of devices is then presented followed by a short summary and forecast of future directions that are currently being pursued in these materials. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 01126MS 0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Biefeld, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 01126MS 0601, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 225 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0927-796X J9 MAT SCI ENG R JI Mater. Sci. Eng. R-Rep. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 105 EP 142 AR PII S0927-796X(02)00002-5 DI 10.1016/S0927-796X(02)00002-5 PG 38 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 537DZ UT WOS:000174744200001 ER PT J AU Abramson, G Kenkre, VM Bishop, AR AF Abramson, G Kenkre, VM Bishop, AR TI Analytic solutions for nonlinear waves in coupled reacting systems SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE reaction-diffusion; solitons; pattern formation ID REACTION-DIFFUSION SYSTEMS; LOCALIZED PATTERNS AB We analyze a system of reacting elements harmonically coupled to nearest neighbors in the continuum limit. An analytic solution is found for traveling waves. The procedure is used to find oscillatory as well as solitary waves. A comparison is made between exact solutions and solutions of the piecewise linearized system, showing how the linearization affects the amplitude and frequency of the solutions, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr Adv Studies, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Atom Bariloche, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP Abramson, G (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Adv Studies, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 305 IS 3-4 BP 427 EP 436 AR PII S0378-4371(01)00623-9 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(01)00623-9 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 545VK UT WOS:000175238100007 ER PT J AU Suderow, H Crespo, M Martinez-Samper, P Rodrigo, JG Rubio-Bollinger, G Vieira, S Luchier, N Brison, JP Canfield, PC AF Suderow, H Crespo, M Martinez-Samper, P Rodrigo, JG Rubio-Bollinger, G Vieira, S Luchier, N Brison, JP Canfield, PC TI Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at very low temperatures SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE superconductivity; scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy ID FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; SUPERCONDUCTING ENERGY-GAP; POINT-CONTACT SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TMNI2B2C; YNI2B2C; STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SCATTERING AB We discuss recent results and advances in very low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy in superconductors, focusing on the experimental developments that have permitted to extend the present applications of this technique to new materials. We detail the experimental apparatus used and discuss the results and the future possibilities of S-I-S tunneling using a superconducting tip and sample. Further on, we present results on the superconductivity of single gains of MgB2 and compare them with other works. We also discuss recent data on the borocarbide material TmNi2B2C. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Lab Bajas Temp, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. CNRS, Ctr Rech Tres Basses Temp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Suderow, H (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Lab Bajas Temp, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Rodrigo, Jose Gabriel/E-6700-2013; Suderow, Hermann/L-6612-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; vieira, sebastian/L-5216-2014; Rubio-Bollinger, Gabino/A-4052-2010 OI Rodrigo, Jose Gabriel/0000-0002-8779-1698; Suderow, Hermann/0000-0002-5902-1880; vieira, sebastian/0000-0002-3854-1377; NR 65 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 369 IS 1-4 BP 106 EP 112 AR PII S0921-4534(01)01228-X DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)01228-X PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527RE UT WOS:000174200000016 ER PT J AU Aranson, IS Tsimring, LS Vinokur, VM AF Aranson, IS Tsimring, LS Vinokur, VM TI Stick-slip friction and nucleation dynamics of ultrathin liquid films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION; MECHANISMS; PLASMAS; DOMAINS; QUENCH; SHEAR; ORDER AB We develop a theory for stick-slip motion in ultrathin liquid films confined between two moving atomically flat surfaces. Our model is based on the hydrodynamic equation for flow coupled to the dynamic order parameter field describing the "shear melting and freezing" of the confined fluid. This model successfully accounts for the observed phenomenology of friction in ultrathin films, including periodic and chaotic sequences of slips, transitions from stick-slip motion to steady sliding, and ultrasound generation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Nonlinear Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 34 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 AR 125402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.125402 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 540QC UT WOS:000174938800080 ER PT J AU Chin, AH Kono, J Solomon, GS AF Chin, AH Kono, J Solomon, GS TI Absence of exciton quenching in the presence of strong fields at high frequencies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FAR-INFRARED RADIATION; QUANTUM-WELLS; ELECTROABSORPTION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB We have studied the response of excitons in a multiple quantum-well structure under the presence of intense midinfrared fields. Peak fields (similar to10(6) V/cm, in the plane of quantum wells) that would cause exciton quenching at low frequencies (up to similar toGHz) are observed to have no significant quenching effect on the exciton resonance when applied at similar to100 THz. We attribute this lack of quenching to the short period of the strong, high-frequency field compared to the exciton response time. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Stanford Univ, Solid State Labs, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kono, J (reprint author), UltraPhotonics, 48611 Warm Springs Blvd, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 AR 121307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.121307 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 540QC UT WOS:000174938800012 ER PT J AU Essler, FHL Tsvelik, AM AF Essler, FHL Tsvelik, AM TI Weakly coupled one-dimensional Mott insulators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINE-GORDON MODEL; EXACT FORM-FACTORS; HUBBARD-MODEL; SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; LUTTINGER LIQUIDS; SUPERCONDUCTING INSTABILITIES; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; SCATTERING MATRIX; BECHGAARD SALTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB We consider a model of one-dimensional Mott insulators coupled by a weak interchain tunneling t(perpendicular to). We first determine the single-particle Green's function of a single chain by exact field-theoretical methods and then take the tunneling into account by means of a random-phase approximation. In order to embed this approximation into a well-defined expansion with a small parameter, the Fourier transform T-perpendicular to(k) of the interchain coupling is assumed to have a small support in momentum space such that every integration over transverse wave vector yields a small factor kappa(0)(2)<<1. When T-perpendicular to(0) exceeds a critical value, a small Fermi surface develops in the form of electron and hole pockets. We demonstrate that Luttinger's theorem holds both in the insulating and in the metallic phases. We find that the quasiparticle residue Z increases very fast through the transition and quickly reaches a value of about 0.4-0.6. The metallic state close to the transition retains many features of the one-dimensional system in the form of strong incoherent continua. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Essler, FHL (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. NR 64 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 115117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.115117 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400055 ER PT J AU Fluegel, B Smith, S Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Geisz, JF Olson, JM AF Fluegel, B Smith, S Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Geisz, JF Olson, JM TI Resonant excitation study of ultrasharp emission lines in ordered GaxIn1-xP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GA0.52IN0.48P; RECOMBINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; GAP AB Narrow-line photoluminescence in the below-gap spectral region of ordered GaxIn1-xP is investigated with high-spatial and -spectral resolution photoluminescence excitation and time-resolved spectroscopy. Sharp absorption lines are found both correlated and uncorrelated with emission lines, indicating multiple coupled systems. Saturation and temporal measurements support a quantum dot model. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Fluegel, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 115320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.115320 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400089 ER PT J AU Galakhov, VR Demeter, M Bartkowski, S Neumann, M Ovechkina, NA Kurmaev, EZ Logachevskaya, NI Mukovskii, YM Mitchell, J Ederer, DL AF Galakhov, VR Demeter, M Bartkowski, S Neumann, M Ovechkina, NA Kurmaev, EZ Logachevskaya, NI Mukovskii, YM Mitchell, J Ederer, DL TI Mn 3s exchange splitting in mixed-valence manganites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; FE INSULATING COMPOUNDS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION; EMISSION; STATE; SPECTROSCOPY; LIMNO2; FILMS AB We present Mn 3s x-ray photoelectron spectra of manganese oxides with the Mn formal valency from 2+ to 4+. We found that the Sr2+ doping or cation deficiency in manganites do not change the Mn 3s splitting in manganites with the Mn formal valency from 3.0+ to 3.3+. We suggest that doping holes are localized in O 2p states. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Solids, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Moscow Steel & Alloys Inst, Moscow 117936, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Galakhov, VR (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, GSP-170, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. RI Kurmaev, Ernst/J-4254-2013; Galakhov, Vadim/J-6030-2013 OI Kurmaev, Ernst/0000-0003-4625-4930; Galakhov, Vadim/0000-0002-1642-7362 NR 19 TC 153 Z9 156 U1 9 U2 43 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 113102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.113102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400002 ER PT J AU Hupalo, M Tringides, MC AF Hupalo, M Tringides, MC TI Correlation between height selection and electronic structure of the uniform height Pb/Si(111) islands SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN METAL-FILMS; QUANTUM-SIZE; GROWTH AB Uniform-height islands, with preferred heights differing by bilayer height increments, can be grown on Pb/Si(111) at low temperatures most likely as a result of quantum size effects. With scanning-tunneling-microscope spectroscopy we have determined how the electronic structure of individual islands is related to their stability. Differences between preferred vs nonpreferred island heights are seen at the position of the Fermi level with respect to the highest occupied band and lowest unoccupied band. This difference is supported from oscillations of the measured apparent barrier Delta(lnI)/Deltaz with island height. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tringides, MC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 115406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.115406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400112 ER PT J AU Janotti, A Wei, SH Zhang, SB AF Janotti, A Wei, SH Zhang, SB TI Theoretical study of the effects of isovalent coalloying of Bi and N in GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP; SOLAR-CELLS; ALLOYS AB GaAs1-xNx alloys have unique properties among the III-V systems to simultaneously lower both the lattice constant and the band gap. Therefore, it has a strong potential for optoelectronic device applications. However, due to the large size mismatch between N and As, the growth of high-quality GaAsN alloy on GaAs substrates is difficult. To overcome this problem, we propose here a material, the GaAs1-x-yNxBiy alloy, which can be lattice matched to GaAs with the appropriate ratio between the concentration of Bi and N (y=1.7x). Based on band structure and total-energy calculations we show that coalloying of Bi and N in GaAs lowers the alloy-formation energy and drastically reduces the amount of N needed to reach the 1-eV band gap, which is important for high-efficiency solar cell and infrared-laser applications. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; Janotti, Anderson/F-1773-2011 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; Janotti, Anderson/0000-0001-5028-8338 NR 21 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 115203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.115203 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400059 ER PT J AU Ling, WL Rotenberg, E Choi, HJ Wolfe, JH Toyama, F Paik, S Smith, NV Qiu, ZQ AF Ling, WL Rotenberg, E Choi, HJ Wolfe, JH Toyama, F Paik, S Smith, NV Qiu, ZQ TI Double quantum well states in Cu/Co/Cu grown on Co(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COPPER THIN-FILMS; FCC FE FILMS; PHOTOEMISSION; MAGNETORESISTANCE; OSCILLATIONS; OVERLAYERS; SUBSTRATE; CO(100); CU(001); SYSTEM AB A double quantum well (QW) system of Cu/Co(1 ML)/Cu grown on Co/Cu(001) has been investigated by photoemission spectroscopy. Energy spectra of the valence band from one of the Cu QW's have been measured as a function of the other Cu QW thickness. The results show strong resonance between the two Cu QW states across a 1 ML Co barrier. In particular, we observe that quantum well coupling removes the degeneracy of the two Cu QW states, resulting in a state crossing effect. A phase accumulation model is developed to explain these observations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ling, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Ling, Wai Li/F-9823-2012; Qiu, Zi Qiang/O-4421-2016 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Ling, Wai Li/0000-0002-4264-5750; Qiu, Zi Qiang/0000-0003-0680-0714 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 113406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.113406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400031 ER PT J AU Liu, SR Zhai, HJ Wang, LS AF Liu, SR Zhai, HJ Wang, LS TI s-d hybridization and evolution of the electronic and magnetic properties in small Co and Ni clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; NICKEL CLUSTERS; ANIONS; SPECTRA; SIZE; COBALT; MODEL; BULK; IRON AB Photoelectron spectra of cold Ni-n(-) and Co-n(-) clusters revealed discrete electronic features for n<10 for Ni and 20 for Co. These features, mainly due to detachment of 4s electrons, merge with 3d-derived features at larger cluster sizes, indicating the onset of significant s-d hybridization. The current results clearly revealed how the electronic structure of Ni and Co clusters evolves from molecular to bulklike in the early stage of cluster growth. They also provide insight into the origin of the enhanced magnetism in small Ni and Co clusters, due to the localized nature of the 3d electrons. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 113401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.113401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400026 ER PT J AU Raty, JY Godlevsky, VV Gaspard, JP Bichara, C Bionducci, M Bellissent, R Ceolin, R Chelikowsky, JR Ghosez, P AF Raty, JY Godlevsky, VV Gaspard, JP Bichara, C Bionducci, M Bellissent, R Ceolin, R Chelikowsky, JR Ghosez, P TI Local structure of liquid GeTe via neutron scattering and ab initio simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LANGEVIN MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIELECTRIC RESPONSE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITION; ALLOYS; CLUSTERS; ENERGIES; MATRICES; FORCES; SYSTEM AB We examine the local atomic order as well as some dynamic properties of the semiconducting liquid GeTe. We employ hot-neutron two-axis diffraction at three temperatures above the melting point and compare these results with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations were based on interatomic forces derived from pseudopotentials constructed within density functional theory. At the melting temperature, the Peierls distortion responsible for the lower-temperature crystal phase is shown to manifest itself within the liquid structure. At higher temperatures in the liquid, increasing disorder in the Ge environment determines the eventual semiconductor-metal transition. The calculated kinematic viscosity of the liquid is found to agree with the experimental value and is shown to arise from the small diffusion coefficient of the Te atoms. C1 Univ Liege, Dept Phys, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. CNRS, Ctr Rech Mecanismes Croissance Cristalline, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. CEA, CNRS, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Univ Liege, Dept Phys, B5, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. NR 60 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 115205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.115205 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400061 ER PT J AU Rehm, C Maletta, H Fieber-Erdmann, M Holub-Krappe, E Klose, F AF Rehm, C Maletta, H Fieber-Erdmann, M Holub-Krappe, E Klose, F TI Anomalous layer expansion in thin niobium films during hydrogen absorption SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NB(110) FILMS; IN-SITU; MULTILAYERS AB Hydrogen absorption in Nb layers of Fe/Nb and W/Nb films was explored in situ by small-angle neutron/ x-ray reflectometry, high-angle x-ray diffraction, and EXAFS spectroscopy. In addition to the hydrogen-induced Nb lattice expansion, the experiments reveal an anomalously large thickness expansion of the Nb layers. This expansion is interpreted to be caused by the rearrangement of Nb atoms, and the creation of additional lattice planes in response to the hydrogen-induced lateral lattice strain. This effect is likely the origin of the extraordinarily large hydrogen concentrations found in these films. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rehm, C (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 113404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.113404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400029 ER PT J AU Soderlind, P AF Soderlind, P TI Delocalization and phase transitions in Pr: Theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PRASEODYMIUM METAL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; CERIUM; SYSTEMS; BAND AB Density-functional electronic structure calculations have been used to investigate the high pressure behavior of Pr at low temperature. Several phase transitions are suggested by these calculations and they agree well with available experimental data. At low pressure, a dhcp (Pr-I) --> fcc (Pr- II) transition is calculated to occur at 60 kbar. Not considering the Pr-III phase, which is computationally too demanding, Pr- II transforms to the alpha-U (Pr-IV) phase at 165 kbar. This latter transition is accompanied by a volume collapse of about 10% and is driven by delocalization of the 4 f electrons in Pr. The axial ratios (b/a and c/a) and the internal parameter y of Pr-IV were calculated as a function of compression. y and c/a are rather insensitive to the compression whereas b/a decreases significantly with increasing pressure. At about 1 Mbar a new phase is predicted, namely a body-centered-tetragonal (bct) structure with a c/a axial ratio of 1.78. This new phase is stable up to very high pressures but at a sixfold compression an ultimate hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure is predicted. The calculated high pressure behavior of Pr is similar to that of the early actinide Pa. Pressure induced increase in 4 f-orbital overlap, occupation and band width together with an increased electrostatic Coulomb interaction with pressure are the key components in stabilizing the high pressure phases of Pr. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soderlind, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 115105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.115105 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400043 ER PT J AU Ye, PD Engel, LW Tsui, DC Simmons, JA Wendt, JR Vawter, GA Reno, JL AF Ye, PD Engel, LW Tsui, DC Simmons, JA Wendt, JR Vawter, GA Reno, JL TI High magnetic-field microwave conductivity of two-dimensional electrons in an array of antidots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM HALL EDGE; COMPOSITE FERMIONS; EXCITATIONS; DOTS; DISPERSION; CHANNELS; SYSTEM; LEVEL; PHASE AB We find the high magnetic field (B) microwave conductivity [Re(sigma(xx))] of a two-dimensional electron system containing an antidot array increases strongly with frequency (f) in the regime with Landau filling 1/3<ν<2/3. At microwave f, Re(sigma(xx)) vs B exhibits a broad peak centered around nu=1/2. On the peak, Re(sigma(xx)) at 10 GHz can be five times its dc-limit value. Unlike the dc-limit conductivity, the microwave conductivity is extremely temperature (T) sensitive, increasing as T decreases down to 100 mK (the lowest T measured) and disappearing above 0.5 K. The enhanced microwave conductivity is apparently due to antidot edge excitations of fractional quantum Hall effect states, and may be associated with the chiral Luttinger liquids. C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ye, PD (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 AR 121305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.121305 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 540QC UT WOS:000174938800010 ER PT J AU Yoo, K Weitering, HH AF Yoo, K Weitering, HH TI Electrical conductance of reconstructed silicon surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDE FORMATION; OXYGEN; SI(001); SI(111); FILMS; SEPARATION; DEFECTS; STATES; PROBE AB The electrical conductance of atomically clean, reconstructed silicon surfaces was studied as a function of temperature with macroscopic van der Pauw measurements in ultrahigh vacuum. The surface-state conductance of the Si(100)2x1 surface was measured on a fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate and on bulk Si. The surface-state conductance has metallic temperature dependence, but its magnitude falls below the universal conductance quantum. The data furthermore reveal a clear signature of the c(4x2) --> 2x1 surface phase transition near 200 K, which indicates that surface scattering increases with decreasing c(4x2) order on the surface. The surface conductance of Si(111) 7x7 was measured only on a SOI substrate. The temperature coefficient is metallic and the magnitude is larger than the universal conductance quantum. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. Delft Univ Technol, DIMES, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. RP Yoo, K (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 115424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.115424 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400130 ER PT J AU Chamblin, A Lambert, ND AF Chamblin, A Lambert, ND TI Zero-branes, quantum mechanics, and the cosmological constant SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NEUTRALIZATION; DYNAMICS; SPACE AB We analyze some dynamical issues in a modified type IIA supergravity, recently proposed as an extension of M theory that admits de Sitter space. In particular we find that this theory has multiple zero-brane solutions. This suggests a microscopic quantum mechanical matrix description which yields a massive deformation of the usual M(atrix) formulation of M theory and type IIA string theory. C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kings Coll London, Dept Math, London WC2R 2LS, England. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Munich, Germany. RP MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Bldg 6-304, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM chamblin@mit.edu; lambert@mth.kcl.ac.uk NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 066002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.066002 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 533UE UT WOS:000174548100101 ER PT J AU De Oliveira, HP Soares, ID AF De Oliveira, HP Soares, ID TI Galerkin method in the gravitational collapse: A dynamical system approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MASSLESS SCALAR FIELD; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; UNIVERSALITY AB We study the general dynamics of the spherically symmetric gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field. We apply the Galerkin projection method to transform a system of partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations for modal coefficients, after a convenient truncation procedure, largely applied to problems of turbulence. In the present case, we have generated a finite dynamical system that reproduces the essential features of the dynamics of the gravitational collapse, even for a lower order of truncation. Each initial condition in the space of modal coefficients corresponds to a well defined spatial distribution of the scalar field. Numerical experiments with the dynamical system show that, depending on the strength of the scalar field packet, the formation of black holes or the dispersion of the scalar field leaving behind flat spacetime are the two main outcomes. We also find numerical evidence that between both asymptotic states there is a critical solution represented by a limit cycle in the modal space with a period Deltamu approximate to 3.55. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Nasa Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Teor, BR-20550013 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP De Oliveira, HP (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Nasa Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064029 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.064029 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 533UE UT WOS:000174548100064 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, D AF Eisenberg, D TI Nature's robots - A history of proteins SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5562 BP 2021 EP 2022 DI 10.1126/science.1070319 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 532AY UT WOS:000174450500026 ER PT J AU Moore, KT Johnson, WC Howe, JM Aaronson, HI Veblen, DR AF Moore, KT Johnson, WC Howe, JM Aaronson, HI Veblen, DR TI On the interaction between Ag-depleted zones surrounding gamma plates and spinodal decomposition in an Al-22 at.% Ag alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE phase transformations; spinodal decomposition; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); aluminum alloys; theory & modeling ID DISLOCATION INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GROWTH-KINETICS; ATOMIC MECHANISMS; SILVER ALLOYS; KINK MOTION; FCC MATRIX; PRECIPITATION; MIGRATION; SYSTEM AB Decomposition of a supersaturated Al-22 at.% Ag alloy isothermally reacted at 350 degreesC in the alpha+gamma two-phase field was investigated using various transmission electron microscopy techniques. The alloy was found to undergo both nucleation and growth of gamma plates and spinodal decomposition. The interaction between the two mechanisms of phase decomposition caused an accumulation of Ag to develop in the matrix adjacent to the Ag-depleted zone surrounding the plates, which amplified with aging time. The matrix removed from the gamma plates underwent three-dimensional, isotropic spinodal decomposition. A two-dimensional Cahn-Hilliard equation was used to model spinodal decomposition in the presence of the Ag-depleted zone adjacent to the gamma plate faces. Agreement between the calculated and experimental composition profiles supports the view that the Ag-depleted zone adjacent to the plate faces catalyzes the development of a two-dimensional form of spinodal decomposition. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, L 350, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moor78@llnl.gov NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 943 EP 956 AR PII S1359-6454(01)00394-9 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00394-9 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 536ZW UT WOS:000174732600004 ER PT J AU Mitchell, TE Hirth, JP Misra, A AF Mitchell, TE Hirth, JP Misra, A TI Apparent activation energy and stress exponent in materials with a high Peierls stress SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article AB Equations are derived for the apparent stress exponent and activation energy in materials whose deformation is controlled by double kink nucleation and propagation on dislocations. The apparent activation energy (determined from Arrhenius plots of creep rate against inverse temperature) can easily be 10-20% lower than the true activation energy, depending on the stress. The apparent stress exponent (determined from the strain rate dependence of the stress or the stress dependence of the creep rate) is shown to be strongly dependent on stress, and therefore on temperature, and can decrease from values greater than 10 at low temperatures to unity at high temperatures, even though a single mechanism is controlling. Reasonable agreement has been found between the experimental and theoretical values of the stress exponent for yielding in single crystals of sapphire, spinel, Ni3Al and NiAl, except that the calculated high temperature values tend to be somewhat lower than the observed values. The analysis should apply to yielding in many ceramics and intermetallics in single crystal form (or large grain polycrystals) where the double kink mechanism is rate-controlling. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mitchell, TE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1087 EP 1093 AR PII S1359-6454(01)00409-8 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00409-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 536ZW UT WOS:000174732600015 ER PT J AU Walla, PJ Linden, PA Ohta, K Fleming, GR AF Walla, PJ Linden, PA Ohta, K Fleming, GR TI Excited-state kinetics of the carotenoid S-1 state in LHC II and two-photon excitation spectra of lutein and beta-carotene in solution: Efficient car S-1 -> Chl electronic energy transfer via hot S-1 states? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; 2-PHOTON FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION; FREE JET EXPANSIONS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; HIGHER-PLANTS; GREEN PLANTS; 2A(G)(-) ENERGIES; BINDING-SITES; SPHEROIDENE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The excited-state dynamics of the carotenoids (Car) in light-harvesting complex II (LHC II) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were studied by transient absorption measurements. The decay of the Car S-1 population ranges from similar to200 fs to over 7 ps, depending on the excitation and detection wavelengths. In contrast, a 200 fs Car S-1-->Chlorophyll (Chl) energy transfer component was the dominant time constant for our earlier two-photon fluorescence up-conversion measurements (Walla, P. L; et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 4799-4806). We also present the two-photon excitation (TPE) spectra of lutein and beta-carotene in solution and compare them with the TPE spectrum of LHC II. The TPE-spectrum of LHC II has an onset much further to the blue and a width that is narrower than expected from comparison to the S-1 fluorescence of lutein and beta-carotene in solution. Different environments may affect the shape of the S(1)spectrum significantly. To explain the blue shift of the TPE Spectrum and the difference in the time constants obtained from two-photon vs one-photon methods, we suggest that a major part of the Car S-1-->Chl electronic energy transfer (EET) is due to efficient EET from hot vibronic states of the Cars. We also suggest that the subpicosecond kinetics has a very broad distribution of EET time scales due to EET from hot states. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 10 BP 1909 EP 1916 DI 10.1021/jp011495x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 530QE UT WOS:000174369800003 ER PT J AU Heinen, U Berthold, T Kothe, G Stavitski, E Galili, T Levanon, H Wiederrecht, G Wasielewski, MR AF Heinen, U Berthold, T Kothe, G Stavitski, E Galili, T Levanon, H Wiederrecht, G Wasielewski, MR TI High time resolution Q-band EPR study of sequential electron transfer in a triad oriented in a liquid crystal SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED RADICAL PAIRS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; ZERO-QUANTUM COHERENCE; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TRANSIENT EPR; SPIN RESONANCE; BEATS; CHLOROPHYLL AB Using high time resolution Q-band EPR we have been able to identify three different radical pairs generated by pulsed laser excitation of the fixed distance triad consisting of a zine-9-desoxo-meso-methylpyrochlorophyilide donor (ZC), a pyromellitimide primary acceptor (PI), and a naphthalene-1,8:4,5-diimide secondary acceptor (NI), i.e., ZC-PI-NI, oriented in a liquid crystal. Analysis of the transient EPR spectra provides direct evidence for sequential electron transfer from the primary to the secondary radical pair of the triplet channel. At room temperature, this process occurs with an exponential time constant of tau(T.2) = 50 +/- 1 ns. In the singlet-initiated channel, the intramolecular electron-transfer rates are too fast for direct EPR detection. Thus, even the secondary singlet radical pair [ZC(.+)PINI(.-)]s is formed instantaneously on the time scale of the EPR experiment. The species decays with a time constant of tau(S.3) = 36 +/- 1 ns by charge recombination to the singlet ground state. The time evolution of the transverse magnetization exhibits fast initial oscillations, which disappear 50 ns after the laser pulse. Model calculations indicate that these oscillations can be assigned to zero quantum electron precessions in [ZC(.+)PINI(.-)]s. Thus, for the first time, quantum beats have been observed from a spin-correlated radical pair, oriented in a liquid crystal. C1 Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys Chem, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Farkas Ctr Light Induced Proc, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Kothe, G (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys Chem, Albertstr 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RI Stavitski, Eli/C-4863-2009 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 10 BP 1933 EP 1937 DI 10.1021/jp011805b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 530QE UT WOS:000174369800006 ER PT J AU Hayashi, M Lin, SH Raschke, MB Shen, YR AF Hayashi, M Lin, SH Raschke, MB Shen, YR TI A molecular theory for doubly resonant IR-UV-vis sum-frequency generation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RAMAN EXCITATION PROFILES; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; TIME-CORRELATOR THEORY; NON-CONDON TERMS; TRANSFORM TECHNIQUE; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORBED MOLECULES; CYTOCHROME-C; SCATTERING AB The experiment for measuring doubly resonant infrared-visible (IR-vis) sum-frequency generation (SFG) has recently been developed by Shen and his co-worker and applied to Rhodamine 6G on silica surfaces. In this paper, based on the Born-Oppenheimer adiabatic approximation, a molecular theory for doubly resonant IR-vis SFG generation as a two-dimensional surface spectroscopy is presented. We shall show that this new nonlinear spectroscopy is closely related to IR and resonance Raman spectroscopy. In this preliminary theoretical derivation, the displaced harmonic potential energy surfaces model for the electronic ground and electronically excited states of the system are used to obtain the band shape functions for doubly resonant IR-vis SFG at a finite temperature. One of the unique and powerful abilities of this spectroscopy is that interference effects among IR-active modes can be observed. The calculated excitation profiles and IR spectra of the doubly resonant IR-UV SFG from Rhodamine 6G on fused silica are demonstrated. We shall show that this new nonlinear spectroscopy can provide experimentalists with access to microscopic properties of molecules on surfaces or at interfaces. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Univ Calif, Mat Sci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lin, SH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, 1 Roosevelt Rd Sec 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RI Raschke, Markus/F-8023-2013; Hayashi, Michitoshi/K-6314-2014 OI Hayashi, Michitoshi/0000-0001-7507-8708 NR 53 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 10 BP 2271 EP 2282 DI 10.1021/jp012633l PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 530QE UT WOS:000174369800050 ER PT J AU Hu, JT Wang, LW Li, LS Yang, WD Alivisatos, AP AF Hu, JT Wang, LW Li, LS Yang, WD Alivisatos, AP TI Semiempirical pseudopotential calculation of electronic states of CdSe quantum rods SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DOTS; NANOCRYSTALS; POLARIZATION AB The dependence of electronic states on the length and diameter of CdSe quantum rods is investigated using semiempirical pseudopotential calculations. Energy levels cross as the aspect ratio increases due to their different dependence on length. The crossover between the highest occupied levels leads to a transition from plane-polarized to linearly polarized light emission at aspect ratio ca: 1.3. Further increasing aspect ratio results in levels with similar symmetry converging and forming "bands". This calculation demonstrates the transition of electronic structure from zero-dimensional quantum dots to one-dimensional quantum wires. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hu, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 16 TC 94 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 10 BP 2447 EP 2452 DI 10.1021/jp013204q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 530QA UT WOS:000174369400005 ER PT J AU Yim, H Kent, MS Hall, JS Benkoski, JJ Kramer, EJ AF Yim, H Kent, MS Hall, JS Benkoski, JJ Kramer, EJ TI Probing the structure of organosilane films by solvent swelling and neutron and X-ray reflection SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; INTERFACIAL SILANE LAYERS; WATER-ADSORPTION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; COUPLING AGENT; SILICON-WAFERS; EPOXY-RESIN; E-GLASS; CORROSION; SURFACE AB Thin films of organosilanes have great technological importance for adhesion promotion, durability, and corrosion resistance. Although the cross-link density profile within such films is likely to strongly affect their performance, no reliable assay has been available to characterize this distribution. In this work we use solvent swelling combined with neutron and X-ray reflection to study the cross-link density distribution within ultrathin films (50-100 Angstrom) of (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPS) and bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) on silicon. The films are swelled with vapors of the good solvent nitrobenzene (NB). For GPS films, the solvent concentration profile has a strong maximum in the central region of the film. We conclude from this that the GPS films possess a high cross-link density near the silicon surface and a much lower cross-link density in the bulk of the film. The decreased solvent concentration at the air surface is snore difficult to interpret. It appears to also indicate an elevated cross-link density, but may also involve contributions from other effects such as the difference in surface tension between GPS and NB. The degree of swelling reaches similar to50-60% in the bulk of the films. Good reproducibility is obtained for several swelling/deswelling cycles, indicating that swelling with d-NB does not irreversibly change the structure of the network. In contrast to GPS, highly cross-linked films of BTSE do not swell when exposed to d-NB, even though NB is also a good solvent for the BTSE monomers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kent, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1811, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 10 BP 2474 EP 2481 DI 10.1021/jp0126006 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 530QA UT WOS:000174369400009 ER PT J AU Bratko, D Striolo, A Wu, JZ Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM AF Bratko, D Striolo, A Wu, JZ Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM TI Orientation-averaged pair potentials between dipolar proteins or colloids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ORNSTEIN-ZERNIKE EQUATION; INVARIANT EXPANSION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MEAN FORCE; SPHERES; CRYSTALLIZATION; ELECTROSTATICS; LYSOZYME; MODEL; WATER AB Potentials of mean force between nonuniformly charged colloids or globular proteins are often estimated as a pairwise sum of distinct orientation averages for charge-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions. In systems with dipole-related interactions comparable to or exceeding the thermal energy, however, correlations between charge-dipole and dipole-dipole terms can render the additivity assumption highly inaccurate. On the basis of the third-order cumulant expansion of intercolloidal interactions. we derive an asymptotically exact relation for the potential of mean force that includes the correlation between distinct contributions. Using a simple discrete-orientation model, we obtain an approximate expression for the nonadditivity correction that reproduces correct behavior in weak and strong coupling limits and is sufficiently accurate for practical calculations over a wide range of interaction strengths including those characteristic of aqueous protein solutions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Principi & Impianti Ingn Chim, Padua, Italy. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bratko, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Striolo, Alberto/G-2926-2011; Wu, Jianzhong/I-5164-2013; OI Wu, Jianzhong/0000-0002-4582-5941 NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 10 BP 2714 EP 2720 DI 10.1021/jp013685d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 530QA UT WOS:000174369400039 ER PT J AU Kay, CWM Conti, F Fuhs, M Plato, M Weber, S Bordignon, E Carbonera, D Robinson, BC Renner, MW Fajer, J AF Kay, CWM Conti, F Fuhs, M Plato, M Weber, S Bordignon, E Carbonera, D Robinson, BC Renner, MW Fajer, J TI Magnetic resonance studies and molecular orbital calculations on the doublet and triplet states of bacteriopurpurin: a potential second-generation photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION-CENTER; FREE-BASE PORPHYCENE; NONPLANAR PORPHYRINS; INTERMEDIATE NEGLECT; DIFFERENTIAL OVERLAP; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RADICALS; CATION; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL; ENDOR AB Bacteriopurpurin is a macrocyclic compound at the saturation level of bacteriochlorins that was specifically synthesized as a potential photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. It exhibits a long-wavelength Q, absorption band at 843 nm, which is a necessary prerequisite for a deep tissue penetration. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic properties of bacteriopurpurin have been examined by fluorescence-detected magnetic resonance (FDMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in conjunction with molecular orbital calculations. The electronic structure of the radical cation state obtained by oxidation of bacteriopurpurin with iodine is mapped by the determination of isotropic proton hyperfine coupling constants from electron-nuclear double-resonance spectroscopy at 298 K. A tentative assignment of the couplings to the various proton positions in the molecule is achieved by comparison of the experimental values with simulated ones based on semiempirical intermediate neglect of differential overlap calculations and density functional theory. The triplet-state electronic structure of the ground-state trans-configured bacteriopurpurin is characterized by the determination of the zero-field splitting parameters which represent sensitive probes for the geometric structure of the molecule. The \D\ and \E\ values obtained from time-resolved EPR (24.4 and 5.4 mT) are in favorable agreement with the respective values obtained from FDMR (24.0 and 5.3 mT). By both techniques, the presence of additional photoexcited triplet states has been confirmed. It is assumed that they arise from higher-energy tautomers of bacteriopurpurin. Their occurrence is discussed in terms of a photoinitiated intramolecular one-proton transfer from either ring 11 or ring IV of the trans-configured ground state to ring I or ring III to form one of the cis-configured bacteriopurpurins. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Inst Phys Expt, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Padua, Dept Phys Chem, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Miravant Med Technol, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kay, CWM (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Phys Expt, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RI Kay, Christopher/C-2467-2008; Weber, Stefan/G-6164-2010 OI Kay, Christopher/0000-0002-5200-6004; NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 10 BP 2769 EP 2778 DI 10.1021/jp013432k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 530QA UT WOS:000174369400044 ER PT J AU Sampaio, JM Langanke, K Martinez-Pinedo, G Dean, DJ AF Sampaio, JM Langanke, K Martinez-Pinedo, G Dean, DJ TI Neutral-current neutrino reactions in the supernova environment SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS; WEAK INTERACTION RATES; MASS RANGE A=45-65; NUCLEI; COLLAPSE AB We study the neutral-current neutrino scattering for four nuclei in the iron region. We evaluate the cross sections for the relevant temperatures during the supernova core collapse and derive Gamow-Teller distributions from large-scale shell-model calculations. We show that the thermal population of the excited states significantly enhances the cross sections at low neutrino energies. Calculations of the outgoing neutrino spectra indicate the prospect of neutrino upscattering at finite temperatures. Both results are particularly notable in even-even nuclei. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Aarhus Univ, Inst Fys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, Basel, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sampaio, JM (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Inst Fys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RI Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/A-1915-2013; Sampaio, Jorge/M-4750-2013; OI Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/0000-0002-3825-0131; Sampaio, Jorge/0000-0003-4359-493X; Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 11 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 529 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 25 AR PII S0370-2693(01)01502-7 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01502-7 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 534MY UT WOS:000174591200003 ER PT J AU Cullen, DM Carpenter, M Davids, CN Fletcher, AM Freeman, SJ Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Lister, CJ Pattison, LK Seweryniak, D Smith, JF Bruce, AM Abu Saleem, K Ahmad, I Heinz, A Khoo, TL Moore, EF Mukherjee, G Wheldon, C Woehr, A AF Cullen, DM Carpenter, M Davids, CN Fletcher, AM Freeman, SJ Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Lister, CJ Pattison, LK Seweryniak, D Smith, JF Bruce, AM Abu Saleem, K Ahmad, I Heinz, A Khoo, TL Moore, EF Mukherjee, G Wheldon, C Woehr, A TI Identification of excited states in Dy-140 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DEFORMED-NUCLEI; PROTON EMITTERS; DECAY; 4-QUASI-PARTICLE; ISOMERS; TA-178 AB Excited structures in the proton-rich nucleus Dy-140 have been established following the decay of an 8(-) isomer. The excitation energy of the isomer is established to be 2.16 MeV with a half-life of 7.3 +/- 1.5 mus. The isomer decays into the yrast line at the 8 state, revealing a rotational band with a deduced deformation of beta(2) = 0.24(3). The isotope Dy-140 is the daughter of the deformed proton emitter Ho-141. The new information obtained here supports the role of deformation in proton emission and the previous assignments of single-particle configurations to the two proton emitting states in Ho-141. In addition, the reduced hindrance factor measured for the isomer is consistent with the trend observed in the N = 74 isotones. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Brighton, Sch Engn, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cullen, DM (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Wheldon, Carl/F-9203-2013; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Bruce, Alison/0000-0003-2871-0517 NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 529 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 49 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01222-4 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01222-4 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 534MY UT WOS:000174591200006 ER PT J AU Liu, LC AF Liu, LC TI The width of the xi (2230) meson SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE mesons; J/psi radiative decay; Regge theory ID J/PSI RADIATIVE DECAYS; XI(2230) AB A lower bound of 135 MeV for the width of the xi meson is obtained from analyzing the pp and (p) over barp interactions by use of Regge theory. The pp data exclude a narrow xi as the latter would lead to sigma(tot)((p) over barp) far exceeding the measured ones. The broad width explains why the xi may not be seen in (p) over barp experiments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, LC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 529 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 68 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01232-7 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01232-7 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 534MY UT WOS:000174591200009 ER PT J AU Datta, A Lipkin, HJ O'Donnell, PJ AF Datta, A Lipkin, HJ O'Donnell, PJ TI Simple relations for two body B decays to charmonium and tests for eta-eta ' mixing SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; EXCLUSIVE DECAYS AB :The two body decays of B-d and B-s decays into J/psiM, where M is a light meson, is studied under the very simple assumptions that the spectator quark does not play a role in the decay of the weak heavy quark or antiquark. This hypothesis leads to interesting relations between decay amplitudes. The assumption of SU(3) symmetry leads to additional relations between the decay amplitudes and in particular, the eight CP eigenstates J/psiK(S), J/psiK(S), J/psieta' and J/psipi(0) are all given in terms of three parameters. If agreement with experiment validates these assumptions the parameters over determined by the results will give information about the ratio of penguin to tree contributions to the "golden channel" B-0 --> J/psiK(S) decay and will provide tests for the standard eta-eta' mixing, which assumes that this mixing is determined by a single mixing angle, as well as determine the value of the mixing angle. We also present tests of the standard eta-eta' mixing involving semileptonic D decays. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Datta, A (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA, CP 6128,Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 529 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 98 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01247-9 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01247-9 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 534MY UT WOS:000174591200014 ER PT J AU Jaffe, RL AF Jaffe, RL TI Delocalization of the axial charge in the chiral limit SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LATTICE QCD AB The nucleon's axial vector charge, g(A), becomes delocalized in the chiral limit. When m(pi) = 0, and SU(2)(L) x SU(2)(R) is exact, 1/3 of the nucleon's axial charge is to be found at infinite distance from the nucleon. For finite in, this result is approached smoothly as m(pi) --> 0. We illustrate this effect by considering the lepton-proton spin-spin interaction arising from Z(0) exchange as a function of m(pi). Delocalization may have implications for lattice calculations Of g(A) and in nuclei. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jaffe, RL (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Nucl Sci Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 14 PY 2002 VL 529 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 110 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01242-X DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01242-X PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 534MY UT WOS:000174591200016 ER PT J AU Kimmich, BFM Marshall, WJ Fagan, PJ Hauptman, E Bullock, RM AF Kimmich, BFM Marshall, WJ Fagan, PJ Hauptman, E Bullock, RM TI Palladium complexes with PCP ligands. Preparation and structural studies of two forms of [(PCP)Pd(OH2)]+BF4- SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE palladium complexes; aqua complexes; hydrogen bonding; crystal structures ID X-RAY CRYSTAL; CARBON-CARBON BOND; ASYMMETRIC ALDOL REACTION; P PINCER COMPLEX; C-C BOND; TRANSITION-METAL; CATALYTIC DEHYDROGENATION; PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES; METHYL ISOCYANOACETATE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES AB Abstraction of chloride from the Pd complex {[eta(3)-2,6-((Bu2PCH2)-Bu-1)(2)C6H3)]PdCl with AgBF4 in THF gives {[eta(3)-2,6-((Bu2PCH2)-Bu-1)(2)C6H3)]Pd(THF)}+BF4-. Attemped crystallization of this THF complex produced the aqua complex {[eta(3)-2,6-((Bu2PCH2)-Bu-1)(2)C6H3)]Pd(OH2))+BF4-. Crystal structures of two crystalline forms of this compound are reported. In In {[eta(3)-2,6-((Bu2PCH2)-Bu-1)(2)C6H3)]Pd(OH2)}(+) BF4- THF, one hydrogen of the water is hydrogen bonded to the oxygen of the THF, and the other hydrogen is hydrogen bonded to an F of the BF4- anion. Another crystalline form has no THF, but has both of the hydrogens of water hydrogen bonded to different BF4- anions, such that two different BF4- anions bridge two {[eta(3)-2,6-((Bu2PCH)-Bu-1)(2)C6H3)]Pd(OH2)}(+) cations. A crystal structure is also reported for the palladium chloride complex [eta(3)-2,6((Bu2PCH2)-Bu-1)(2)C6H3)]PdCl. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Dupont Co Inc, Expt Stn, Dept Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Bullock, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Bullock, R. Morris/L-6802-2016 OI Bullock, R. Morris/0000-0001-6306-4851 NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD MAR 13 PY 2002 VL 330 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(01)00736-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 535UT UT WOS:000174665300008 ER PT J AU Eckert, J Webster, CE Hall, MB Albinati, A Venanzi, LM AF Eckert, J Webster, CE Hall, MB Albinati, A Venanzi, LM TI The vibrational spectrum of Tp(3,5-Me)RhH(2)(H-2): a computational and inelastic neutron scattering study SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE vibrational spectrum; density functional theory studies; inelastic neutron scattering study; dihydrogen complex of Rh; pyrazolyl ligand ID ADJUSTED ABINITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; BASIS-SETS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; TRANSITION-ELEMENTS; COMPLEXES; ENERGY; EXCHANGE; HYDROGEN; LIGAND AB We report extensive density functional theory studies of the structures and vibrational frequencies of Tp(3,5-Me)RhH(2)(H-2) in its ground and various transition states as well as the first direct comparison of observed and calculated inelastic neutron scattering (INS) vibrational spectra on this type of compound. Geometry optimizations produced canted eta(2)-dihydrogen dihydride local minima of C, symmetry, with HH distances for the C-1 minimum energy structure of 0.842 and 0.898 A and barriers to rotation of 0.34 and 0.50 kcal mol (1), respectively for B3LYP/BS1 and BP86/BS1 calculations of Tp(3.5-Me)RhH(2)(H-2). The latter results from one transition state rotated approximately 60degrees away (a second lower energy transition state which is a few hundreds of a kcal mol (- 1) above the C-1 MIN is rotated approximately 30degrees away). With these calculated d(HH) values for the C-1 MIN the previously reported experimental data on the rotation of the dihydrogen ligand yields an experimental barrier to rotation of similar to 1 kcal mol (- 1) and places the torsional transition at 200 cm (- 1) in the INS spectrum. Optimization of the Rh structure, that is analogous to the related Ir(V) C, minimum found for TpIrH(4), generates a high-energy ( > 4 cal mol (- 1)) C-s transition state TpRh(III)H(4) structure with an eta(3)-H-3, ligand. This transition state (C-s TSE) exchanges the hydrogen in the mirror plane between two chiral C-1 MIN structures. Comparisons between observed and computed INS spectra suggests that the experimental INS spectrum be viewed as resulting from a quantum-averaged ground state encompassing at least two of the low energy structures found in our calculations. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Univ Milan, Ist Chim Farmaceut, I-20131 Milan, Italy. ETH Zentrum, Anorgan Chem Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Eckert, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Mail Stop H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hall, Michael/B-9118-2013; Albinati, Alberto/I-1262-2015; OI Hall, Michael/0000-0003-3263-3219; Albinati, Alberto/0000-0002-8779-3327; Webster, Charles Edwin/0000-0002-6917-2957 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD MAR 13 PY 2002 VL 330 BP 240 EP 249 AR PII S0020-1693(01)00827-1 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(01)00827-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 535UT UT WOS:000174665300031 ER PT J AU Klei, SR Golden, JT Tilley, TD Bergman, RG AF Klei, SR Golden, JT Tilley, TD Bergman, RG TI Iridium-catalyzed H/D exchange into organic compounds in water SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-COMPLEXES; ACTIVATION; HYDROCARBONS; METHANE; ACIDS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, CNDOS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 10 BP 2092 EP 2093 DI 10.1021/ja017219d PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 532HZ UT WOS:000174469600010 PM 11878944 ER PT J AU Gulotta, M Deng, H Deng, H Dyer, RB Callender, RH AF Gulotta, M Deng, H Deng, H Dyer, RB Callender, RH TI Toward an understanding of the role of dynamics on enzymatic catalysis in lactate dehydrogenase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FAST EVENTS; TERNARY COMPLEX; ADDUCT REACTION; RESOLUTION; RESIDUE; PEPTIDE; NAD AB The motions of key residues at the substrate binding site of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were probed on the 10 ns to 10 ms time scale using laser-induced temperature-jump relaxation spectroscopy employing, both UV fluorescence and isotope-edited IR absorption spectroscopy as structural probes. The dynamics of the mobile loop, which closes over the active site and is important for catalysis and binding, were characterized by studies of the inhibitor oxamate binding to the LDH/NADH binary complex monitoring the changes in emission of bound NADH. The bound NAD-pyruvate adduct, whose pyruvate moiety likely interacts with the same residues that interact with pyruvate in its ternary complex with LDH, served as a probe for any relative motions of active site residues against the substrate. The frequencies of its C=O stretch and -COO- antisymmetric stretch shift substantially should any relative motion of the polar moieties at the active site (His-195, Asp-168, Arg-109, and Arg-171) occur. The dynamics associated with loop closure are observed to involve several steps with motions from 1 to 300 mus. Apart from the "melting" of a few residues on the protein's surface, no kinetics were observed on any time scale in experiments of the bound NAD-pyr adduct although the measurements were made with a high degree of accuracy, even for final temperatures close to the unfolding transition of the protein. This is contrary to simple physical considerations and models. These results show that, once a productive protein/ substrate complex is formed, the binding pocket is very rigid with very little, if any, motion apart from the mobile loop. The results also show that loop opening involves concomitant movement of the substrate out of the binding pocket. C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Callender, RH (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 35183, GM 53640, P01 GM068036] NR 25 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 12 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 10 BP 3353 EP 3363 DI 10.1021/bi016009a PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 530YQ UT WOS:000174387500009 PM 11876643 ER PT J AU Schneider, S Bracchi, A Samwer, K Seibt, M Thiyagarajan, P AF Schneider, S Bracchi, A Samwer, K Seibt, M Thiyagarajan, P TI Microstructure-controlled magnetic properties of the bulk glass-forming alloy Nd60Fe30Al10 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FE-AL ALLOYS; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; CRYSTALLIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; SCATTERING; MELTS; SOFT AB We report a combination of analytical transmission electron microscopy, small angle neutron scattering, and studies of magnetic properties of the glass-forming alloy Nd60Fe30Al10. These investigations show the existence of an in situ formed finely dispersed nanocrystalline Nd-rich phase embedded in a Fe-rich glassy matrix of a bulk sample. The crystalline phase forms an extended network over the whole sample but its volume fraction is small compared to that of compact phase. Small angle neutron scattering data exhibit power law behavior with an exponent of -2.5 indicating the formation of a mass fractal. The microstructure observed may be related to phase separation in the undercooled liquid which induces a microstructure that can explain the hard magnetic behavior of such an intrinsic composite. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 1, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 4, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schneider, S (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 1, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. OI Seibt, Michael/0000-0002-9908-400X NR 18 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1749 EP 1751 DI 10.1063/1.1458070 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HZ UT WOS:000174181800023 ER PT J AU Choe, SB Shin, SC AF Choe, SB Shin, SC TI Phase diagram of three contrasting magnetization reversal phases in uniaxial ferromagnetic thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY; DYNAMICS; MAGNETOELECTRONICS; COERCIVITY; SCALE AB We present an analytical description of a magnetization reversal phase diagram of ferromagnetic thin films that have uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy. The phase equilibrium lines were calculated from a micromagnetic consideration of equilibrium conditions of the wall motion, dendritic growth, and nucleation processes. The phase diagram characterizes well simulated domain evolution patterns: typical domain evolution patterns are predicted accurately in the corresponding phases accompanied by gradual phase transitions across the phase equilibrium lines. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Nanospin Spintron Mat, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Choe, SB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Sources, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Shin, Sung-Chul/C-1992-2011 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1791 EP 1793 DI 10.1063/1.1457527 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HZ UT WOS:000174181800037 ER PT J AU Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Liang, Y Adams, EM Yu, Z Droopad, R AF Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Liang, Y Adams, EM Yu, Z Droopad, R TI Direct observation of atomic disordering at the SrTiO3/Si interface due to oxygen diffusion SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; SILICON; SI AB The stability of epitaxially grown single crystal SrTiO3(001) thin films on Si(100) substrates was studied as a function of temperature under vacuum and oxygen-rich environments using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling geometry, nuclear reaction analysis, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During vacuum annealing, it was found that interfacial silica formed due to diffusion of oxygen from the film to Si. This was further accompanied by the atomic disordering of Sr, Ti, and O sublattices in the film due to reduction reactions. Although the interfacial degradation process is similar during heating in oxygen environment, no disordering of the film was observed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Motorola Labs, Phys Sci Res Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Shutthanandan, V (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN, Environm Mol Sci Lab, K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1803 EP 1805 DI 10.1063/1.1456261 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HZ UT WOS:000174181800041 ER PT J AU Murty, MVR Streiffer, SK Stephenson, GB Eastman, JA Bai, GR Munkholm, A Auciello, O Thompson, C AF Murty, MVR Streiffer, SK Stephenson, GB Eastman, JA Bai, GR Munkholm, A Auciello, O Thompson, C TI In situ x-ray scattering study of PbTiO3 chemical-vapor deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILMS; CONTROLLED GROWTH; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; PRESSURE; OXIDES; SRTIO3; GAN AB We present in situ surface x-ray scattering measurements of PbTiO3 epitaxy by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. Oscillations in crystal truncation rod intensity corresponding to layer-by-layer growth are observed under a variety of growth conditions. At lower PbO overpressures, we observe a transition to step-flow growth and an increased rate of recovery after growth, indicating a higher surface mobility. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Murty, MVR (reprint author), E2O Commun, 26679 W Agoura Rd, Calabasas, CA 91302 USA. EM mvrmurty@e2oinc.com; stephenson@anl.gov RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265; Thompson, Carol/0000-0003-3832-4855 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1809 EP 1811 DI 10.1063/1.1458530 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HZ UT WOS:000174181800043 ER PT J AU Amitay-Sadovsky, E Komvopoulos, K Tian, Y Somorjai, GA AF Amitay-Sadovsky, E Komvopoulos, K Tian, Y Somorjai, GA TI Correlation of surface molecular composition to nanoscale elastic behavior and topography of stretched polyurethane films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Correlation of the surface molecular composition with the nanoscale elastic behavior and topography of stretched polyurethane films was examined by surface-specific techniques, such as sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Identification of the SFG spectra of the soft and hard copolymer segments elucidated changes in the molecular composition due to stretching. The surface molecular composition is correlated to AFM results for the roughness and elastic modulus. It is shown that, in addition to molecular reorientation, stretching promotes exposure of hard segments at the surface, and that this is a continuous time-dependent process at constant elongation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Polymer Technol Grp Inc, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amitay-Sadovsky, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1829 EP 1831 DI 10.1063/1.1458526 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HZ UT WOS:000174181800050 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Lente, G Espenson, JH AF Wang, Y Lente, G Espenson, JH TI Oxorhenium(V) dithiolates catalyze the oxidation by tert-butyl hydroperoxide of sulfoxides and sulfides, including 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; MAGNESIUM MONOPEROXYPHTHALATE MMPP; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ACTIVE-SITES; SILICA-GEL; THIOPHENE 1,1-DIOXIDE; SELECTIVE PROCEDURE; COMPLEXES; KINETICS; DESULFURIZATION AB tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) efficiently converts a wide variety of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones, The method offers the advantage that one product or the other can be obtained in high purity by a modest variation of conditions, The reactions occur smoothly at 25-50 degreesC in chloroform and, to the extent studied, in toluene and methylene chloride. A catalyst is required; the most extensively studied was MeReO(mtp)PPh3, 1, where mtpH(2) is 2-(mercaptomethyl)thiophenol. Other chelating dithiolate ligands can be used with comparable results, These oxidations were tested for dialkyl, alkyl-aryl, and diaryl sulfides; thiophenes; and thianthrene. Even the "hard" sulfide, 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT) was quantitatively oxidized to the dioxide with TBHP:DMDBT 3.0-3.5 and 0.05-3.8 mol % 1. The mechanism was explored in kinetics studies carried out only for methyl tolyl sulfide. The product buildup curve was complex, with an induction period followed by a rapid growth phase. The kinetic data could be modeled adequately but not perfectly by allowing five rate constants to refine. Their values are consistent with the chemical sense of the mechanism. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Espenson, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lente, Gabor/H-3645-2011 NR 55 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1272 EP 1280 DI 10.1021/ic011091j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 528TM UT WOS:000174259300035 PM 11874365 ER PT J AU Zhang, XJ Gong, YQ Yu, G Xie, YC AF Zhang, XJ Gong, YQ Yu, G Xie, YC TI Oxygen species on NiO/Al2O3 and their reactivities SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE oxygen species; ethane; ethylene; oxidative dehydrogenation; NiO/Al2O3 ID OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; OXIDE CATALYSTS; ETHANE AB Oxygen species on fresh and treated NiO/Al2O3 and their activities for oxidation of ethane and ethylene were investigated using catalytic property measurements, ethane and ethylene pulse experiments and O-2-TPD-MS experiments. The results revealed that there are two kinds of active oxygen species (the more active one and the less active one) on fresh NiO/Al2O3 catalyst, but there is only one active oxygen species, the less active one, on treated NiO/Al2O3 catalyst. The more active oxygen species can convert ethane or ethylene to carbon dioxide by one step while the less active one can only convert ethane to ethylene, but cannot convert ethane and/or ethylene to carbon dioxide. The more active oxygen species can be removed from the catalyst by heating from 350 to 850 degreesC. The amounts of desorption oxygen. on the catalysts are proportional to their selectivity to carbon dioxide. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Peking Univ, Inst Phys Chem, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999-MS,K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 180 IS 1-2 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1016/S1381-1169(01)00452-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 530AZ UT WOS:000174334600030 ER PT J AU Kawasaki, K Kin, B AF Kawasaki, K Kin, B TI A dynamic mean-field glass model with reversible mode coupling and a trivial Hamiltonian SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Systems CY JUL 09-14, 2001 CL MERIDA, MEXICO SP INFM Sec C, CONACyT, UNAM ID TRANSITION AB Often the current mode coupling theory (MCT) of glass transitions is compared with mean field theories. We explore this possible correspondence. After showing a simple-minded derivation of MCT with some difficulties we give a concise account of our toy model developed to gain more insight into MCT. We then reduce this toy model by adiabatically eliminating rapidly varying velocity-like variables to obtain a Fokker-Planck equation for the slowly varying density-like variables where the diffusion matrix can be singular. This gives room for non-ergodic stationary solutions of the above equation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Changwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chang Won 641773, South Korea. RP Kawasaki, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 9 BP 2265 EP 2273 AR PII S0953-8984(02)31256-6 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/9/315 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 536RG UT WOS:000174715200016 ER PT J AU Greene, JP Lister, CJ AF Greene, JP Lister, CJ TI The production of sulfur targets for gamma-ray spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Conference of the International-Nuclear-Target-Development-Society (INTDS) CY OCT 02-06, 2000 CL ANTWERP, BELGIUM DE heavy ion target; spray painting; sulfur; target wheel ID FACILITY AB The production of thin sulfur targets for nuclear physics, either in elemental or in compound form, is problematic, due to low melting points, high vapor pressures and high dissociation rates. Many sulfur compounds have been tried in the past without great success. In this paper, we report the use of spray coating molybdenum disulfide onto a thin carbon backing. The targets were of thickness 750 mug/cm(2) (similar to 300 mug/cm(2) of sulfur) on 15 mug/cm(2) carbon backings, and withstood 4pnA (similar to 10mW/cm(2)) of deposited beam power for several days without apparent loss of sulfur content. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Greene, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM greene@anl.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 480 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 AR PII S0168-9002(01)02058-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02058-7 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 540FR UT WOS:000174919300015 ER PT J AU Greene, JP AF Greene, JP TI Preparation of isotopic ruthenium targets using an ion beam sputtering source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Conferenceof the International-Nuclear-Target-Development-Society (INTDS) CY OCT 02-06, 2000 CL ANTWERP, BELGIUM DE heavy-ion target; ion source; ruthenium; sputtering ID NUCLEAR ACCELERATOR TARGETS; DEPOSITION AB The preparation of ruthenium targets to be used in heavy-ion experiments has always presented challenges due to the physical properties of ruthenium and the cost of the separated isotopes. The straightforward approach of ion beam sputtering provides an efficient deposition technique, which allows for conservation of the isotopic starting material. A description of the target preparation will be presented along with results for several ruthenium isotopes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div 203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Greene, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div 203, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 480 IS 1 BP 119 EP 123 AR PII S0168-9002(01)02079-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02079-4 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 540FR UT WOS:000174919300022 ER PT J AU Liechtenstein, VK Ivkova, TM Olshanski, ED Repnow, R Levin, J Hellborg, R Persson, P Schenkel, T AF Liechtenstein, VK Ivkova, TM Olshanski, ED Repnow, R Levin, J Hellborg, R Persson, P Schenkel, T TI Advances in targetry with thin diamond-like carbon foils SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Conferenceof the International-Nuclear-Target-Development-Society (INTDS) CY OCT 02-06, 2000 CL ANTWERP, BELGIUM DE arc evaporation; carbon stripper; DLC foils; ERDA; formvar; glow discharge cracking; release agent; stripper lifetime ID OF-FLIGHT SPECTROMETERS; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; TANDEM ACCELERATORS; SLOW AB Thin and stable diamond-like carbon (DLC) foils, which were fabricated at the Kurchatov Institute by sputter deposition, have proved recently to be advantageous for stripping and secondary electron timing of high energy heavy ions in a number of accelerator experiments. This resulted in expanding applications of these DLC foils which necessitated further development efforts directed toward the following applications of DLC targetry: (i) thin stripper foils for lower energy tandem accelerators, (ii) enlarged (up to 66 mm. in diameter) stop foils for improved time-of-flight elastic recoil detection ion beam analysis, and (iii) ultra-thin (about 0.6 mug/cm(2)) DLC foils for some fundamental and applied physics experiments. Along with the fabrication of thin DLC stripper foils for tandem accelerators, much thicker (up to 200 mug/cm(2)) foils for post-stripping of heavy-ion beams in higher energy linacs, are within reach. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Lund Univ, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Liechtenstein, VK (reprint author), Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 480 IS 1 BP 185 EP 190 AR PII S0168-9002(01)02089-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02089-7 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 540FR UT WOS:000174919300032 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D Kovchegov, YV Levin, E AF Kharzeev, D Kovchegov, YV Levin, E TI Instantons in the saturation environment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Review DE QCD instantons; parton saturation; infrared safety; heavy ion collisions ID WILSON RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; HIGH-ENERGY SCATTERING; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; INDUCED CROSS-SECTIONS; LOW X PHYSICS; BFKL POMERON; BARYON-NUMBER AB We show that instanton calculations in QCD become theoretically well defined in the gluon saturation environment which suppresses large-size instantons. The effective cutoff scale is determined by the inverse of the saturation scale. We concentrate on two most important cases: the small-x tail of a gluon distribution of a high-energy hadron or a large nucleus and the central rapidity region in a high-energy hadronic or heavy-ion collision. In the saturation regime the gluon density in a single large ultrarelativistic nucleus is high and gluonic fields are given by the classical solutions of the equations of motion. We show that these strong classical fields do not affect the density of instantons in the nuclear wave function compared to the instanton density in the vacuum. A classical solution with nontrivial topological charge is found for the gluon field of a single nucleus at the lowest order in the instanton perturbation theory. In the case of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions a strong classical gluonic field is produced in the central rapidity region. We demonstrate that this field introduces a suppression factor of exp{-crho(4)Q(s)(4)/[8alpha(s)(2)N(c)(Qstau)(2)]} in the instanton-size distribution, where Q(S) is the saturation scale of both (identical.) nuclei, tau is the proper time and c approximate to 1 is the gluon liberation coefficient. This factor suggests that gluonic saturation effects at the early stages of nuclear collisions regulate the instanton-size distribution in the infrared region and make the instanton density finite by suppressing large-size instantons. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, HEP Dept, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Kovchegov, YV (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 105 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 699 IS 3-4 BP 745 EP 769 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(01)01276-3 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 521MZ UT WOS:000173845600016 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Palano, A Chen, GP Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Reinertsen, PL Stugu, B Abbott, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Clark, AR Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kluth, S Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Liu, T Lynch, G Meyer, AB Momayezi, M Oddone, PJ Perazzo, A Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Zisman, MS Bright-Thomas, PG Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Krug, J Kunze, M Lewandowski, B Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Andress, JC Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN De Groot, N Dyce, N Foster, B McFall, JD Wallom, D Wilson, FF Abe, K Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S McKemey, AK Tinslay, J Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Bukin, DA Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Salnikov, AA Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Telnov, VI Yushkov, AN Best, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Stoker, DP Ahsan, A Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Chun, S Branson, JG MacFarlane, DB Prell, S Rahatlou, S Raven, G Sharma, V Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hart, PA Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Richman, JD Verkerke, W Witherell, M Yellin, S Beringer, J Dorfan, DE Eisner, AM Frey, A Grillo, AA Grothe, M Heusch, CA Johnson, RP Kroeger, W Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Sadrozinski, H Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Metzler, S Oyang, J Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Weaver, P Yang, S Zhu, RY Devmal, S Geld, TL Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Bloom, P Dima, MO Fahey, S Ford, WT Johnson, DR Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Park, H Rankin, P Roy, J Sen, S Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Wagner, DL Blouw, J Harton, JL Krishnamurthy, M Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dahlinger, G Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Behr, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Ferrag, S Roussot, E T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Dittongo, S Folegani, M Piemontese, L Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Xie, Y Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Fabbricatore, P Farinon, S Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Musenich, R Pallavicini, M Parodi, R Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Pia, MG Priano, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Morii, M Bartoldus, R Dignan, T Hamilton, R Mallik, L Cochran, J Crawley, HB Fischer, PA Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Rosenberg, EI Benkebil, M Grosdidier, G Hast, C Hocker, A Lacker, HM Laplace, S Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Trincaz-Duvoid, S Valassi, A Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ Mugge, M Shi, X van Bibber, K Wenaus, TJ Wright, DM Wuest, CR Carroll, M Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gunawardane, NJW Nash, JA Sanders, P Smith, D Azzopardi, DE Back, JJ Dixon, P Harrison, PF Potter, RJL Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Williams, MI Cowan, G George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McGrath, P McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Scott, I Vaitsas, G Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Boyd, JT Forti, AC Fullwood, J Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Savvas, N Simopoulos, ET Weatherall, JH Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Olsen, O Roberts, DA Schieck, JR Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Brau, B Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Trischuk, J Lanni, F Palombo, F Bauer, JM Booke, M Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Martin, JP Nief, JY Seitz, R Taras, P Zacek, V Nicholson, H Sutton, CS Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Handler, T Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Sinev, NB Strom, D Colecchia, F Dal Corso, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Michelon, G Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Torassa, E Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Le Diberder, F Leruste, P Lory, J Roos, L Stark, J Versille, S Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Frank, ED Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, JH Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Bula, C Elmer, P Lu, C McDonald, KT Miftakov, V Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Fratini, K Lamanna, E Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Waldi, R Adye, T Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, SM Aleksan, R De Domenico, G Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Copty, N Purohit, MV Singh, H Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Anthony, PL Aston, D Baird, K Berger, JP Bloom, E Boyarski, AM Bulos, F Calderini, G Claus, R Convery, MR Coupal, DP Coward, DH Dorfan, J Doser, M Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Godfrey, GL Gowdy, SJ Grosso, P Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Moffeit, KC Mount, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Perl, M Petrak, S Quinn, H Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Rochester, LS Roodman, A Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Seeman, JT Serbo, VV Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weinstein, AJR Wienands, U Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Kirkby, D Meyer, TI Roat, C De Silva, A Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Weidemann, AW Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Turcotte, M Bianchi, F Bona, M Di Girolamo, B Gamba, D Smol, A Zanin, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Pompili, A Poropat, P Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Brown, CM Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Charles, E Dasu, S Di Lodovico, F Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Nielsen, J Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Zobernig, H Kordich, TMB Neal, H AF Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Palano, A Chen, GP Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Reinertsen, PL Stugu, B Abbott, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Clark, AR Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kluth, S Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Liu, T Lynch, G Meyer, AB Momayezi, M Oddone, PJ Perazzo, A Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Zisman, MS Bright-Thomas, PG Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Krug, J Kunze, M Lewandowski, B Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Andress, JC Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN De Groot, N Dyce, N Foster, B McFall, JD Wallom, D Wilson, FF Abe, K Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S McKemey, AK Tinslay, J Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Bukin, DA Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Salnikov, AA Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Telnov, VI Yushkov, AN Best, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Stoker, DP Ahsan, A Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Chun, S Branson, JG MacFarlane, DB Prell, S Rahatlou, S Raven, G Sharma, V Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hart, PA Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Richman, JD Verkerke, W Witherell, M Yellin, S Beringer, J Dorfan, DE Eisner, AM Frey, A Grillo, AA Grothe, M Heusch, CA Johnson, RP Kroeger, W Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Sadrozinski, H Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Metzler, S Oyang, J Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Weaver, P Yang, S Zhu, RY Devmal, S Geld, TL Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Bloom, P Dima, MO Fahey, S Ford, WT Johnson, DR Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Park, H Rankin, P Roy, J Sen, S Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Wagner, DL Blouw, J Harton, JL Krishnamurthy, M Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dahlinger, G Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Behr, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Ferrag, S Roussot, E T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Dittongo, S Folegani, M Piemontese, L Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Xie, Y Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Fabbricatore, P Farinon, S Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Musenich, R Pallavicini, M Parodi, R Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Pia, MG Priano, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Morii, M Bartoldus, R Dignan, T Hamilton, R Mallik, L Cochran, J Crawley, HB Fischer, PA Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Rosenberg, EI Benkebil, M Grosdidier, G Hast, C Hocker, A Lacker, HM Laplace, S Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Trincaz-Duvoid, S Valassi, A Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ Mugge, M Shi, X van Bibber, K Wenaus, TJ Wright, DM Wuest, CR Carroll, M Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gunawardane, NJW Nash, JA Sanders, P Smith, D Azzopardi, DE Back, JJ Dixon, P Harrison, PF Potter, RJL Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Williams, MI Cowan, G George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McGrath, P McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Scott, I Vaitsas, G Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Boyd, JT Forti, AC Fullwood, J Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Savvas, N Simopoulos, ET Weatherall, JH Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Olsen, O Roberts, DA Schieck, JR Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Brau, B Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Trischuk, J Lanni, F Palombo, F Bauer, JM Booke, M Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Martin, JP Nief, JY Seitz, R Taras, P Zacek, V Nicholson, H Sutton, CS Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Handler, T Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Sinev, NB Strom, D Colecchia, F Dal Corso, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Michelon, G Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Torassa, E Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Le Diberder, F Leruste, P Lory, J Roos, L Stark, J Versille, S Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Frank, ED Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, JH Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Bula, C Elmer, P Lu, C McDonald, KT Miftakov, V Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Fratini, K Lamanna, E Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Waldi, R Adye, T Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, SM Aleksan, R De Domenico, G Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Copty, N Purohit, MV Singh, H Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Anthony, PL Aston, D Baird, K Berger, JP Bloom, E Boyarski, AM Bulos, F Calderini, G Claus, R Convery, MR Coupal, DP Coward, DH Dorfan, J Doser, M Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Godfrey, GL Gowdy, SJ Grosso, P Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Moffeit, KC Mount, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Perl, M Petrak, S Quinn, H Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Rochester, LS Roodman, A Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Seeman, JT Serbo, VV Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weinstein, AJR Wienands, U Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Kirkby, D Meyer, TI Roat, C De Silva, A Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Weidemann, AW Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Turcotte, M Bianchi, F Bona, M Di Girolamo, B Gamba, D Smol, A Zanin, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Pompili, A Poropat, P Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Brown, CM Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Charles, E Dasu, S Di Lodovico, F Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Nielsen, J Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Zobernig, H Kordich, TMB Neal, H TI Measurement of B -> K-* gamma branching fractions and charge asymmetries SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DECAYS; CONSTRAINTS AB The branching fractions of the exclusive decays B-0 --> K*(0)gamma and B+ --> K*(+)gamma are measured. from a sample of (22.74 +/- 0.36) x 10(6) B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider. We find B(B-0 --> K*(0)gamma) = [4.23 +/- 0.40(stat) +/- 0.22(syst)] x 10(-5), B(B+ --> K*(+)gamma) = [3.83 +/- 0.62(stat) 0.22(syst)] X 10-5 and constrain the CP-violating charge asymmetry to be -0.170 < A(CP)(B --> K*gamma) < 0.082 at 90% C.L. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Elon Univ, Elon Univ, NC 27244 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Imperial Coll, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ London Queen Mary Coll, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Phys Nucl Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Pia, Maria Grazia/C-7034-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Torassa, Ezio/I-1788-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Schaffner, Stephen/D-1189-2011; Frank, Edward/A-8865-2012; Valassi, Andrea/K-7506-2012; Telnov, Valery/C-6900-2009; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lamanna, Ernesto/C-7658-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016 OI Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Pia, Maria Grazia/0000-0002-3579-9639; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Valassi, Andrea/0000-0001-9322-9565; Telnov, Valery/0000-0002-8312-8119; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lamanna, Ernesto/0000-0002-7844-8230; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288 NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 AR 101805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.101805 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 530EE UT WOS:000174342000016 PM 11909345 ER PT J AU Ayvazyan, V Baboi, N Bohnet, I Brinkmann, R Castellano, M Castro, P Catani, L Choroba, S Cianchi, A Dohlus, M Edwards, HT Faatz, B Fateev, AA Feldhaus, J Flottmann, K Gamp, A Garvey, T Genz, H Gerth, C Gretchko, V Grigoryan, B Hahn, U Hessler, C Honkavaara, K Huning, M Ischebeck, R Jablonka, M Kamps, T Korfer, M Krassilnikov, M Krzywinski, J Liepe, M Liero, A Limberg, T Loos, H Luong, M Magne, C Menzel, J Michelato, P Minty, M Muller, UC Nolle, D Novokhatski, A Pagani, C Peters, F Pfluger, J Piot, P Plucinski, L Rehlich, K Reyzl, I Richter, A Rossbach, J Saldin, EL Sandner, W Schlarb, H Schmidt, G Schmuser, P Schneider, JR Schneidmiller, EA Schreiber, HJ Schreiber, S Sertore, D Setzer, S Simrock, S Sobierajski, R Sonntag, B Steeg, B Stephan, F Sytchev, KP Tiedtke, K Tonutti, M Treusch, R Trines, D Turke, D Verzilov, V Wanzenberg, R Weiland, T Weise, H Wendt, M Will, I Wolff, S Wittenburg, K Yurkov, MV Zapfe, K AF Ayvazyan, V Baboi, N Bohnet, I Brinkmann, R Castellano, M Castro, P Catani, L Choroba, S Cianchi, A Dohlus, M Edwards, HT Faatz, B Fateev, AA Feldhaus, J Flottmann, K Gamp, A Garvey, T Genz, H Gerth, C Gretchko, V Grigoryan, B Hahn, U Hessler, C Honkavaara, K Huning, M Ischebeck, R Jablonka, M Kamps, T Korfer, M Krassilnikov, M Krzywinski, J Liepe, M Liero, A Limberg, T Loos, H Luong, M Magne, C Menzel, J Michelato, P Minty, M Muller, UC Nolle, D Novokhatski, A Pagani, C Peters, F Pfluger, J Piot, P Plucinski, L Rehlich, K Reyzl, I Richter, A Rossbach, J Saldin, EL Sandner, W Schlarb, H Schmidt, G Schmuser, P Schneider, JR Schneidmiller, EA Schreiber, HJ Schreiber, S Sertore, D Setzer, S Simrock, S Sobierajski, R Sonntag, B Steeg, B Stephan, F Sytchev, KP Tiedtke, K Tonutti, M Treusch, R Trines, D Turke, D Verzilov, V Wanzenberg, R Weiland, T Weise, H Wendt, M Will, I Wolff, S Wittenburg, K Yurkov, MV Zapfe, K TI Generation of GW radiation pulses from a VUV free-electron laser operating in the femtosecond regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; TESLA TEST FACILITY; FEL AB Experimental results are presented from vacuum-ultraviolet free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) mode. The generation of ultrashort radiation pulses became possible due to specific tailoring of the bunch charge distribution. A complete characterization of the linear and nonlinear modes of the SASE FEL operation was performed. At saturation the FEL produces ultrashort pulses (30-100 fs FWHM) with a peak radiation power in the GW level and with full transverse coherence. The wavelength was tuned in the range of 95-105 nm. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. TH Darmstadt, Fachgebiet TEMF FB18, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. TH Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-20603 Hamburg, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. INFN Milano, LASA, I-20090 Milan, Italy. INFN Roma 2, I-00100 Rome, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Max Born Inst, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. NILPRP, Bucharest, Romania. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3A, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Yurkov, MV (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. RI Cianchi, Alessandro/H-1493-2012; Sobierajski, Ryszard/E-7619-2012; Feldhaus, Josef/C-1130-2014; Treusch, Rolf/C-3935-2015; Cianchi, Alessandro/A-9581-2016 OI Cianchi, Alessandro/0000-0002-9631-2505 NR 22 TC 220 Z9 222 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 AR 104802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.104802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 530EE UT WOS:000174342000032 PM 11909361 ER PT J AU Bai, JZ Ban, Y Bian, JG Chen, AD Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, JC Chen, XD Chen, YB Cheng, BS Chi, SP Chu, YP Choi, JB Cui, XZ Dai, YS Dong, LY Du, ZZ Dunwoodie, W Fu, HY Fu, LP Gao, CS Gu, SD Guo, YN Guo, ZJ Han, SW Han, Y Harris, FA He, J He, JT He, KL He, M He, X Hong, T Heng, YK Hu, GY Hu, HM Hu, QH Hu, T Huang, GS Huang, XP Huang, YZ Izen, JM Ji, XB Jiang, CH Jin, Y Jones, BD Kang, JS Ke, ZJ Kim, HJ Kim, SK Kim, TY Kong, D Lai, YF Li, D Li, HB Li, HH Li, J Li, JC Li, PQ Li, QJ Li, RY Li, W Li, WG Li, XN Li, XQ Liu, B Liu, F Liu, F Liu, HM Liu, J Liu, JP Liu, TR Liu, RG Liu, Y Liu, ZX Lou, XC Lu, GR Lu, F Lu, JG Lu, ZJ Luo, XL Ma, EC Ma, JM Malchow, R Mao, HS Mao, ZP Meng, XC Mo, XH Nie, J Nie, ZD Olsen, SL Paluselli, D Park, H Qi, ND Qi, XR Qian, CD Qiu, JF Que, YK Rong, G Shao, YY Shen, BW Shen, DL Shen, H Shen, XY Sheng, HY Shi, F Shi, HZ Song, XF Suh, JY Sun, HS Sun, LF Sun, YZ Tang, SQ Toki, W Tong, GL Varner, GS Wang, J Wang, JZ Wang, L Wang, LS Wang, P Wang, PL Wang, SM Wang, YY Wang, ZY Wei, CL Wu, N Xi, DM Xia, XM Xie, XX Xu, GF Xu, Y Xue, ST Yan, WB Yan, WG Yang, CM Yang, CY Yang, GA Yang, HX Yang, W Yang, XF Ye, MH Ye, SW Ye, YX Yu, CS Yu, CX Yu, GW Yuan, Y Zhang, BY Zhang, C Zhang, CC Zhang, DH Zhang, HL Zhang, HY Zhang, J Zhang, JW Zhang, L Zhang, LS Zhang, P Zhang, QJ Zhang, SQ Zhang, XY Zhang, YY Zhang, ZP Zhao, DX Zhao, HW Zhao, JW Zhao, JW Zhao, M Zhao, PP Zhao, WR Zhao, YB Zhao, ZG Zheng, JP Zheng, LS Zheng, ZP Zhou, BQ Zhou, GM Zhou, L Zhu, KJ Zhu, QM Zhu, YC Zhu, YS Zhu, ZA Zhuang, BA Zou, BS AF Bai, JZ Ban, Y Bian, JG Chen, AD Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, JC Chen, XD Chen, YB Cheng, BS Chi, SP Chu, YP Choi, JB Cui, XZ Dai, YS Dong, LY Du, ZZ Dunwoodie, W Fu, HY Fu, LP Gao, CS Gu, SD Guo, YN Guo, ZJ Han, SW Han, Y Harris, FA He, J He, JT He, KL He, M He, X Hong, T Heng, YK Hu, GY Hu, HM Hu, QH Hu, T Huang, GS Huang, XP Huang, YZ Izen, JM Ji, XB Jiang, CH Jin, Y Jones, BD Kang, JS Ke, ZJ Kim, HJ Kim, SK Kim, TY Kong, D Lai, YF Li, D Li, HB Li, HH Li, J Li, JC Li, PQ Li, QJ Li, RY Li, W Li, WG Li, XN Li, XQ Liu, B Liu, F Liu, F Liu, HM Liu, J Liu, JP Liu, TR Liu, RG Liu, Y Liu, ZX Lou, XC Lu, GR Lu, F Lu, JG Lu, ZJ Luo, XL Ma, EC Ma, JM Malchow, R Mao, HS Mao, ZP Meng, XC Mo, XH Nie, J Nie, ZD Olsen, SL Paluselli, D Park, H Qi, ND Qi, XR Qian, CD Qiu, JF Que, YK Rong, G Shao, YY Shen, BW Shen, DL Shen, H Shen, XY Sheng, HY Shi, F Shi, HZ Song, XF Suh, JY Sun, HS Sun, LF Sun, YZ Tang, SQ Toki, W Tong, GL Varner, GS Wang, J Wang, JZ Wang, L Wang, LS Wang, P Wang, PL Wang, SM Wang, YY Wang, ZY Wei, CL Wu, N Xi, DM Xia, XM Xie, XX Xu, GF Xu, Y Xue, ST Yan, WB Yan, WG Yang, CM Yang, CY Yang, GA Yang, HX Yang, W Yang, XF Ye, MH Ye, SW Ye, YX Yu, CS Yu, CX Yu, GW Yuan, Y Zhang, BY Zhang, C Zhang, CC Zhang, DH Zhang, HL Zhang, HY Zhang, J Zhang, JW Zhang, L Zhang, LS Zhang, P Zhang, QJ Zhang, SQ Zhang, XY Zhang, YY Zhang, ZP Zhao, DX Zhao, HW Zhao, JW Zhao, JW Zhao, M Zhao, PP Zhao, WR Zhao, YB Zhao, ZG Zheng, JP Zheng, LS Zheng, ZP Zhou, BQ Zhou, GM Zhou, L Zhu, KJ Zhu, QM Zhu, YC Zhu, YS Zhu, ZA Zhuang, BA Zou, BS TI Measurements of the cross section for e(+)e(-) -> hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 2 to 5 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID E+E ANNIHILATION; PLUTO DETECTOR; ALPHA(M-Z(2)); PHYSICS AB We report values of R = sigma(e(+)e(-) --> hadrons)/sigma(e(+)e(-) --> mu(+)mu(-)) for 85 center-of-mass energies between 2 and 5 GeV measured with the upgraded Beijing Spectrometer at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. China Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Chonju 561756, South Korea. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Henan Normal Univ, Xinxiang 453002, Peoples R China. Huazhong Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Hunan Univ, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Nankai Univ, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Wuhan Univ, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou 310028, Peoples R China. RP Bai, JZ (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RI Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015 OI Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775 NR 24 TC 192 Z9 197 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 AR 101802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.101802 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 530EE UT WOS:000174342000013 PM 11909342 ER PT J AU Feng, DL Damascelli, A Shen, KM Motoyama, N Lu, DH Eisaki, H Shimizu, K Shimoyama, J Kishio, K Kaneko, N Greven, M Gu, GD Zhou, XJ Kim, C Ronning, F Armitage, NP Shen, ZX AF Feng, DL Damascelli, A Shen, KM Motoyama, N Lu, DH Eisaki, H Shimizu, K Shimoyama, J Kishio, K Kaneko, N Greven, M Gu, GD Zhou, XJ Kim, C Ronning, F Armitage, NP Shen, ZX TI Electronic structure of the trilayer cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SUPERFLUID DENSITY; TEMPERATURE; CROSSOVER; GAP; BI2SR2-XLAXCUO6+DELTA; DEPENDENCE; INSULATOR; STATE AB The low-energy electronic structure of the nearly optimally doped trilayer cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+delta is investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The normal state quasiparticle dispersion and Fermi surface and the superconducting d-wave gap and coherence peak are observed and compared with those of single- and bilayer systems. We find that both the superconducting gap magnitude and the relative coherence-peak intensity scale linearly with T-c for various optimally doped materials. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Feng, DL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 NR 34 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 AR 107001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.107001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 530EE UT WOS:000174342000052 PM 11909381 ER PT J AU Froula, DH Divol, L Glenzer, SH AF Froula, DH Divol, L Glenzer, SH TI Measurements of nonlinear growth of ion-acoustic waves in two-ion-species plasmas with Thomson scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMA; FREQUENCY AB We report the first Thomson-scattering measurements of the growth of ion-acoustic waves in well-characterized multi-ion-species plasmas consisting of gold and beryllium. We observe that only the berylliumlike mode grows, verifying linear kinetic theory. In addition, a twofold increase in ion temperature is measured when ion-acoustic waves are excited to large amplitudes by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). This increase in ion temperature is a strong indication of hot ions due to trapping. We explain the measured SBS reflectivity by nonlinear detuning of the SBS instability due to these trapping effects. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Froula, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 AR 105003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.105003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 530EE UT WOS:000174342000035 PM 11909364 ER PT J AU Klay, JL Ajitanand, NN Alexander, JM Anderson, MG Best, D Brady, FP Case, T Caskey, W Cebra, D Chance, JL Chung, P Cole, B Crowe, K Das, AC Draper, JE Gilkes, ML Gushue, S Heffner, M Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Huo, L Justice, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Krofcheck, D Lacey, RA Lauret, J Law, C Lisa, MA Liu, H Liu, YM McGrath, R Milosevich, Z Odyniec, G Olson, DL Panitkin, SY Pinkenburg, C Porile, NT Rai, G Ritter, HG Romero, JL Scharenberg, R Schroeder, L Srivastava, B Stone, NTB Symons, TJM Wang, S Wells, R Whitfield, J Wienold, T Witt, R Wood, L Zhang, WN AF Klay, JL Ajitanand, NN Alexander, JM Anderson, MG Best, D Brady, FP Case, T Caskey, W Cebra, D Chance, JL Chung, P Cole, B Crowe, K Das, AC Draper, JE Gilkes, ML Gushue, S Heffner, M Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Huo, L Justice, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Krofcheck, D Lacey, RA Lauret, J Law, C Lisa, MA Liu, H Liu, YM McGrath, R Milosevich, Z Odyniec, G Olson, DL Panitkin, SY Pinkenburg, C Porile, NT Rai, G Ritter, HG Romero, JL Scharenberg, R Schroeder, L Srivastava, B Stone, NTB Symons, TJM Wang, S Wells, R Whitfield, J Wienold, T Witt, R Wood, L Zhang, WN TI Longitudinal flow of protons from (2-8)A GeV central Au plus Au collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; COLLECTIVE FLOW; AGS AB Rapidity distributions of protons from central Au-197 + Au-197 collisions measured by the E895 Collaboration in the energy range from (2-8)A GeV at the Brookhaven AGS are presented. Longitudinal flow parameters derived using a thermal model including collective longitudinal expansion are extracted from these distributions. The results show an approximately linear increase in the longitudinal flow velocity, [betagamma](L), as a function of the logarithm of beam energy. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem & Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Harbin Inst Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. St Marys Coll, Moraga, CA 94575 USA. Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Klay, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012 NR 17 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 AR 102301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.102301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 530EE UT WOS:000174342000019 PM 11909348 ER PT J AU Passchier, I van Buuren, LD Szczerba, D Alarcon, F Bauer, TS Boersma, DJ van den Brand, JFJ Bulten, HJ Ent, R Ferro-Luzzi, M Harvey, M Heimberg, P Higinbotham, DW Klous, S Kolster, H Lang, J Militsyn, BL Nikolenko, D Nooren, GJL Norum, BE Poolman, HR Rachek, I Simani, MC Six, E de Vries, H Wang, K Zhou, ZL AF Passchier, I van Buuren, LD Szczerba, D Alarcon, F Bauer, TS Boersma, DJ van den Brand, JFJ Bulten, HJ Ent, R Ferro-Luzzi, M Harvey, M Heimberg, P Higinbotham, DW Klous, S Kolster, H Lang, J Militsyn, BL Nikolenko, D Nooren, GJL Norum, BE Poolman, HR Rachek, I Simani, MC Six, E de Vries, H Wang, K Zhou, ZL TI Spin-momentum correlations in quasielastic electron scattering from deuterium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TENSOR ANALYZING POWERS; POLARIZATION OBSERVABLES; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; D(E,E'P)N REACTION; FORM-FACTOR; ELECTRODISINTEGRATION; NEUTRON; TARGET; SPECTROMETER; NIKHEF AB The spin-momentum correlation parameter A(ed)(V) was measured for the (2)(H) over right arrow((e) over right arrow, e'p)n reaction for missing momenta up to 350 MeV/c at Q(2) = 0.21 (GeV/c)(2) for quasielastic scattering of polarized electrons from vector-polarized deuterium. The data give detailed information about the deuteron spin structure and are in good agreement with the results of microscopic calculations based on realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials and including various spin-dependent reaction mechanism effects. The experiment reveals in a most direct manner the effects of the D state in the deuteron ground-state wave function and shows the importance of isobar configurations for this reaction. C1 Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. ETH Zurich, Inst Teilchenphys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Passchier, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, POB 41882, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 AR 102302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.102302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 530EE UT WOS:000174342000020 PM 11909349 ER PT J AU Schat, CL Goity, JL Scoccola, NN AF Schat, CL Goity, JL Scoccola, NN TI Masses of the 70(-) Baryons in large N-c QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRONG-COUPLING THEORY; EXCITED BARYONS; QUARK-MODEL; 1/N-C EXPANSION; DECAYS AB The masses of the negative parity 70-plet baryons are analyzed in large N-c QCD to order 1/Nc and to first order in SU(3) symmetry breaking. The existing experimental data are well reproduced and 20 new observables are predicted. The leading order SU(6) spin-flavor symmetry breaking is small and, as it occurs in the quark model, the subleading in 1/N-c hyperfine interaction is the dominant source of the breaking. It is found that the A(1405) and A(1520) are well described as three-quark states and spin-orbit partners. New relations between splittings in different SU(3) multiplets are found. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Phys, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Favaloro, RA-1078 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Schat, CL (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 26 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 AR 102002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.102002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 530EE UT WOS:000174342000018 PM 11909347 ER PT J AU Zurbuchen, MA Asayama, G Schlom, DG Streiffer, SK AF Zurbuchen, MA Asayama, G Schlom, DG Streiffer, SK TI Ferroelectric domain structure of SrBi2Nb2O9 epitaxial thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SIMULATION; FIELD AB The domain structure in a ferroelectric with well-defined crystallography and negligible ferroelastic distortion (<0.002%) is reported. In contrast to prototypical ferroelectrics in which long-range elastic strain dictates the domain structure, in SrBi2Nb2O9 the elastic term is insignificant, allowing dipole-dipole interactions and domain wall energies to dominate in determining the domain structure. Electron microscopy reveals ferroelectric domains that are irregularly shaped and highly curved. Out-of-phase boundary defects are shown to be weakly correlated with 90 degrees ferroelectric domain structure. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. EM maz132@psu.edu RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Zurbuchen, Mark/H-1664-2012; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Zurbuchen, Mark/0000-0002-8947-6309; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 AR 107601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.107601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 530EE UT WOS:000174342000056 PM 11909385 ER PT J AU Benin, V Kaszynski, P Radziszewski, JG AF Benin, V Kaszynski, P Radziszewski, JG TI N-chloro-N,N ',N '-tris(ethoxycarbonyl)hydrazine and N,N-dichloro-N ',N '-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)hydrazine: synthesis, stability and reactions with nucleophiles SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE hydrazines; halogenation; mechanisms; computer-assisted methods; substitution ID NITROGEN; AMIDES AB N-Chloro-N,N-1,N-1-tris(ethoxycarbonyl)hydrazine (1b) was prepared in 27% yield by chlorination of N,N,N-1-tris(ethoxycarbonyl)hydrazine anion with t-BuOCI. The reaction of 1b with CN((-)) gave the product of N-substitution. Attempts at chlorination of N,N-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)hydrazine (2a) with t-BuOCI did not yield the expected N,N-dichloro-N-1,N-1-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)hydrazine (1a), and led to the exclusive formation of CICOOEt. The mechanism of the decomposition and the relative stability of la and lb are assessed using DFT calculations and compared to those for the parent chlorohydrazine (3). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Organ Mat Res Grp, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kaszynski, P (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Organ Mat Res Grp, Box 1583, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 11 BP 2085 EP 2090 AR PII S0040-4020(02)00101-1 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(02)00101-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 536CJ UT WOS:000174682900003 ER PT J AU Carilli, CL Harris, DE Pentericci, L Rottgering, HJA Miley, GK Kurk, JD van Breugel, W AF Carilli, CL Harris, DE Pentericci, L Rottgering, HJA Miley, GK Kurk, JD van Breugel, W TI The X-ray-radio alignment in the z=2.2 radio galaxy PKS 1138-262 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : high-redshift; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID CYGNUS-A; PROTO-CLUSTER; REDSHIFT; EMISSION; HOTSPOTS AB We present high-resolution X-ray observations of the narrow-line radio galaxy PKS 1138-262 at z = 2.156 with the ACIS-S detector on the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. These observations show that the X-ray emission from 1138-262 is dominated by emission from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) with a 2-10 keV luminosity of 4 x 10(45) ergs s(-1). The relative X-ray and radio properties of the AGN in 1138-262 are similar to those seen for the AGN in the archetype powerful radio galaxy Cygnus A. Between 10% and 25% (depending on energy) of the X-ray emission from 1138-262 is spatially extended on scales of 10"-20". The extended X-ray emission is elongated, with a major axis aligned with that of the radio source. While the X-ray and radio emissions are elongated on similar scales and position angles, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the radio and X-ray features in the source. The most likely origin for the extended X-ray emission in 1138-262 is thermal emission from shocked gas, although we cannot rule out a contribution from inverse Compton emission. If the emission is from hot gas, then the gas density is 0.05 cm(-3) and the gas mass is 2.5 x 10(12) M.. The pressure in this hot gas is adequate to confine the radio-emitting plasma and the optical line-emitting gas. We set an upper limit of 1.5 x 10(44) ergs s(-1) to the (rest frame) 2-10 keV luminosity of any normal cluster atmosphere associated with 1138-262. No emission was detected from any of the Lyalpha-emitting galaxies in the (proto-) cluster around 1138-262, outside of the Lyalpha halo of 1138-262 itself, to a (rest frame) 2-10 keV luminosity limit of 1.2-10(43) ergs s(-1). Emission was detected from a z = 2.183 QSO located 2' west of 1138-262 with a luminosity of 1.8 x 10(44) ergs s(-1). C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, New Mexico Array Oeprat Ctr, VLA, VLBA, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astron Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Leiden Univ, Dept Astron, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carilli, CL (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, New Mexico Array Oeprat Ctr, VLA, VLBA, POB O,1003 Lopezville Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 38 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 2 BP 781 EP 789 DI 10.1086/338669 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WF UT WOS:000174210400009 ER PT J AU Schekochihin, AA Boldyrev, SA Kulsrud, RM AF Schekochihin, AA Boldyrev, SA Kulsrud, RM TI Spectra and growth rates of fluctuating magnetic fields in the kinematic dynamo theory with large magnetic Prandtl numbers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : magnetic fields; ISM : magnetic fields; magnetic fields; methods : analytical; MHD; turbulence ID LARGE-SCALE DYNAMOS; TURBULENT DYNAMOS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; HYDROMAGNETIC TURBULENCE; GALACTIC DYNAMOS; ALPHA; ELECTRODYNAMICS; SATURATION; ADVECTION; ORIGIN AB The existence of a weak galactic magnetic field has been repeatedly confirmed by observational data. The origin of this field has not been explained as yet in a fully satisfactory way and represents one of the main challenges of the astrophysical dynamo theory. In both the galactic dynamo theory and the primordial-origin theory, a major influence is exerted by the small-scale magnetic fluctuations. This article is devoted to constructing a systematic second-order statistical theory of such small-scale fields. The statistics of these fields are studied in the kinematic approximation and for the case of large Prandtl numbers, which is relevant for the galactic and protogalactic plasma. The advecting velocity field is assumed to be Gaussian and short-time correlated. Theoretical understanding of this kinematic dynamo model is a necessary prerequisite for any prospective nonlinear dynamo theory. The theory is developed for an arbitrary degree of compressibility and formally in d dimensions, which generalizes the previously known results, elicits the structure of the solutions, and uncovers a number of new effects. The magnetic energy spectra are studied as they grow and spread over scales during the initial stage of the field amplification. Exact Green's function solutions are obtained. The spectral theory is supplemented by the study of magnetic field correlation functions in the configuration space, where the dynamo problem can be mapped onto a particular one-dimensional quantum-mechanical problem. The latter approach is most suitable for the description of the kinematic dynamo in the long-time limit, i.e., when the magnetic excitation has spread over all scales present in the system. A simple way of calculating the growth rates of the magnetic fields in this long-time limit is proposed. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Schekochihin, AA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BW, England. EM sure@pppl.gov; boldyrev@itp.ucsb.edu; rkulsrud@astro.princeton.edu RI Schekochihin, Alexander/C-2399-2009 NR 95 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 2 BP 828 EP 852 DI 10.1086/338697 PN 1 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WF UT WOS:000174210400014 ER PT J AU Thomas, RC Kasen, D Branch, D Baron, E AF Thomas, RC Kasen, D Branch, D Baron, E TI Spectral consequences of deviation from spherical composition symmetry in Type Ia supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; radiative transfer; supernovae : general ID 1994D AB We investigate the prospects for constraining the maximum scale of clumping in composition that is consistent with observed Type Ia supernova flux spectra. Synthetic spectra generated without purely spherical composition symmetry indicate that gross asymmetries make prominent changes to absorption features. Motivated by this, we consider the case of a single unblended line forming in an atmosphere with perturbations of different scales and spatial distributions. Perturbations of about 1% of the area of the photodisk simply weaken the absorption feature by the same amount independent of the line of sight. Conversely, perturbations of about 10% of the area of the photodisk introduce variation in the absorption depth that does depend on the line of sight. Thus, 1% photodisk area perturbations may be consistent with observed profile homogeneity, but 10% photodisk area perturbations cannot. Based on this, we suggest that the absence of significant variation in the depths of Si II lambda6355 absorption features in normal Type Ia spectra near maximum light indicates that any composition perturbations in these events are quite small. This also constrains future three-dimensional explosion models to produce ejecta profiles with only small-scale inhomogeneities. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomas, RC (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Room 131 Nielsen Hall, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 2 BP 1037 EP 1042 DI 10.1086/338679 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WF UT WOS:000174210400031 ER PT J AU Chen, H Beiersdorfer, P Scofield, JH Gendreau, KC Boyce, KR Brown, GV Kelley, RL Porter, FS Stahle, CK Szymkowiak, AE Kahn, SM AF Chen, H Beiersdorfer, P Scofield, JH Gendreau, KC Boyce, KR Brown, GV Kelley, RL Porter, FS Stahle, CK Szymkowiak, AE Kahn, SM TI Measurement of emission cross sections for n=3 -> 2 lines in Li-like Fe23+ SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; methods : laboratory; X-rays : general ID X-RAY SPECTROMETER; BEAM ION-TRAP; ELECTRON-BEAM; HELIUM-LIKE; FE-XXV; EXCITATION; POLARIZATION; CALIBRATION AB We report measurements of emission cross sections for iron L-shell 3-->2 lines in Fe23+ performed on the electron beam ion trap EBIT-II using a combination of a crystal spectrometer and the spare 6x6 element X-Ray Spectrometer microcalorimeter from the Astro-E X-ray satellite mission. Use of the microcalorimeter enables for first time the normalization of line emission cross sections, i.e., effective electron impact excitation cross sections that include radiative cascades, to the well-established cross section of radiative electron capture, thus allowing the normalization of relative line intensity measurements using crystal spectrometers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 2 BP L169 EP L172 DI 10.1086/340007 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WG UT WOS:000174210500016 ER PT J AU Swanson, JM Volkow, ND AF Swanson, JM Volkow, ND TI Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of stimulants: implications for the design of new treatments for ADHD SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dopamine Hypothesis of ADHD CY FEB 14-25, 2000 CL UNIV CASTILLA LA MANCHA, CASTILLA LA MANCHA, SPAIN HO UNIV CASTILLA LA MANCHA DE methylphenidate; pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics; acute tolerance; positron emission tomograpy; dopamine transporter ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DL-THREO-METHYLPHENIDATE; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; HUMAN BRAIN; ENANTIOSELECTIVE PHARMACOKINETICS; INDIVIDUAL SUBJECTS; SUSTAINED-RELEASE; CHILDREN; MEDICATION; PHARMACOLOGY AB In the USA [22], the stimulant drug methylphenidate (MPH) is used to treat a large number (2 million or more per year) of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Although the US FDA approved MPH in the 1960s [30,45], the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of serum concentrations of MPH in children with ADHD were not described until the 1980s, and then in only a few cases. Recently, information from drug development programs have increased our knowledge about the serum PK and some pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of MPH in ADHD children, and studies based on positron emission tomograpy (PET) in adult volunteers have provided new knowledge about the PK properties of MPH at the primary site of action in the brain. We will review these two topics and use this new information to evaluate the mechanisms of action of MPH. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Brookhaven Natl Labs, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Swanson, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, 19722 MacArthur Blvd, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NR 50 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4328 J9 BEHAV BRAIN RES JI Behav. Brain Res. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 130 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 73 EP 78 AR PII S0166-4328(01)00433-8 DI 10.1016/S0166-4328(01)00433-8 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 536VF UT WOS:000174722000008 PM 11864720 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG Pride, SR AF Berryman, JG Pride, SR TI Models for computing geomechanical constants of double-porosity materials from the constituents' properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE geomechanics; reservoir dynamics; double-porosity; microstructure; effective medium theory; seismology ID POROUS-MEDIA; EFFECTIVE STRESS; ROCK; FLUID; POROELASTICITY; CONSOLIDATION; COEFFICIENTS; PERMEABILITY; TRANSPORT; EQUATIONS AB [1] In previous work, phenomenological equations for the poroelastic behavior of a double-porosity dual-permeability medium (i.e., low-permeability storage porosity and high-permeability transport porosity both present in the same three-dimensional (3-D) volume) were formulated, and the coefficients in these equations were identified. In the present work, models are given instead that allow all of these coefficients to be determined from the underlying constituents' properties. Two different models are provided for the six geomechanical constants in the isotropic theory. In one model the low-permeability storage porosity is assumed to be a mixture of two porous materials in nonwelded or partially welded contact, and the high-permeability joint porosity develops as a misfit porosity at the interface between the two partially welded constituents. In this model the joint phase is 100% fluid. In the other model the low-permeability storage porosity is modeled as a single uniform porous material, while the high-permeability joint porosity is modeled as a second distinct porous material in welded contact with the first. In this model the joint phase is a porous continuum possessing a skeletal framework representing the asperities and gouge material that are present in real joints. The complete set of formulas needed for forward modeling the geomechanical constants is obtained for both scenarios. Examples are evaluated with these formulas, and comparisons are made to previous results on double-porosity systems analysis. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM berryman1@llnl.gov; spride@univ-rennes1.fr RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B3 AR 2052 DI 10.1029/2000JB000108 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 609MQ UT WOS:000178909900006 ER PT J AU Plummer, EW Ismail Matzdorf, R Melechko, AV Pierce, JP Zhang, JD AF Plummer, EW Ismail Matzdorf, R Melechko, AV Pierce, JP Zhang, JD TI Surfaces: a playground for physics with broken symmetry in reduced dimensionality SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; surface defects; magnetic phenomena (cyclotron resonance, phase transitions, etc.) ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; INSULATOR-METAL TRANSITION; CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE; PHASE-TRANSITION; SI(001) SURFACE; BUCKLED DIMERS; DEFECTS; ORDER; FERROMAGNETISM AB With our crystal ball in front of us, we attempt to articulate the opportunities and challenges for a surface physicist in the beginning of the now millennium. The challenge is quite clear: to use the unique environment of a surface or interface to do fascinating physics, while taking full advantage of the skills the community has developed over the last 30 years. The opportunities appear to be endless! In this age of Nanotechnology where the promise is to shape the world atom by atom, leading to the next industrial revolution [Nano technology: shaping the world atom by atom, National Science and Technology Council, Committee on Technology, 1999], surface science should be at the very forefront of both technological and scientific advances. The smaller objects become, the more important their surfaces become. In this article we focus on the role of a surface physicist in the emergence of nanoscale collective phenomena in complex materials. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Plummer, EW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, 401 AH Nielsen Phys Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008 NR 72 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 500 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 27 AR PII S0039-6028(01)01565-5 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01565-5 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 546YD UT WOS:000175303400002 ER PT J AU Bader, SD AF Bader, SD TI Magnetism in low dimensionality SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE magnetic films; magnetic surfaces; magnetic interfaces; magnetic phenomena (cyclotron resonance, phase transitions, etc.); iron; cobalt ID ULTRATHIN FE FILMS; SURFACE SPIN-FLOP; FERROMAGNETIC MONOLAYERS; EXCHANGE-BIAS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; NANOSTRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES; MAGNETIZATION; MULTILAYERS AB The collective creativity of those working in the field of surface magnetism has stimulated an impressive range of advances. Once wary, theorists are now eager to enter the field. The present article attempts to take a snapshot of where the field has been, with an eye to the more speculative issue of where it is going. Selective examples are used to highlight three general areas of interest: (i) characterization techniques, (ii) materials properties, and (iii) theoretical/simulational advances. Emerging directions are identified and discussed, including laterally confined nanomagnetism and spintronics. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div 223, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bader, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div 223, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 54 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 500 IS 1-3 BP 172 EP 188 AR PII S0039-6028(01)01625-9 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01625-9 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 546YD UT WOS:000175303400009 ER PT J AU Shen, J Kirschner, J AF Shen, J Kirschner, J TI Tailoring magnetism in artificially structured materials: the new frontier SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE magnetic films; magnetic interfaces; metal metal magnetic heterostructures; epitaxy; magnetic phenomena (cyclotron resonance, phase transitions, etc.); electrical transport (conductivity, resistivity, mobility, etc.) ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SPIN-REORIENTATION TRANSITION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ULTRATHIN FERROMAGNETIC-FILMS; NANOMETER-SCALE MAGNETS; SELF-ORGANIZED GROWTH; FE FILMS; PHASE-TRANSITION; THIN-FILMS; FCC FE AB The current standard of electronic devices and data storage media has reached a level such that magnetic materials have to be fabricated on a nanometer scale. In particular, the emerging concept of spintronics, which is based on fact that current carriers have not only charge but also spin, requires the assembling of nanometer-sized magnetic structures v,with desired magnetic properties. It is this background that motivates scientists and engineers to attempt to grow and characterize magnetic objects at smaller and smaller length scales, from 2D films and multilayers to ID wires and eventually to OD dots. In this article, some of the most significant progress in recent years in the effort of growing artificially structured magnetic materials are reviewed. The new structural and magnetic properties of these materials are discussed, with an emphasis on the correlation between structure and magnetism, which also serves as guidance for improving their magnetic properties. The emerging emphasis is on converting the existing knowledge into growing and studying low-dimensional complex materials, which promise to have considerably higher "tuning" ability for desired properties. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Max Planck Inst Mikrostrukturphys, D-06120 Halle An Der Saale, Germany. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Shenj@ornl.gov NR 146 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 500 IS 1-3 BP 300 EP 322 AR PII S0039-6028(01)01557-6 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01557-6 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 546YD UT WOS:000175303400014 ER PT J AU Naumovets, AG Zhang, ZY AF Naumovets, AG Zhang, ZY TI Fidgety particles on surfaces: how do they jump, walk, group, and settle in virgin areas? SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE surface diffusion; models of surface kinetics; scanning tunneling microscopy; field ion microscopy; surface thermodynamics (including phase transitions); adatoms; clusters; single crystal surfaces ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CONTINUOUS-PHASE TRANSITIONS; ATOMIC EXCHANGE MECHANISM; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; FIELD-ION MICROSCOPE; METAL 100 SURFACES; STEPPED SURFACES; BROWNIAN-MOTION; SELF-DIFFUSION; MONTE-CARLO AB This article is aimed at describing the history and current status of surface diffusion, its vital importance in diverse surface phenomena and numerous industrial applications, the recent significant progress in its understanding, and, in particular, many unsettled questions concerning surface diffusion mechanisms. From the fundamental point of view, the interest in surface diffusion and, at the same time, the difficulties in its understanding, stem primarily from the collective (many-body) nature of this phenomenon. On the practical side, the importance of the knowledge of the physics behind surface diffusion is becoming increasingly crucial in the coining era of nanotechnology, which will bring an unprecedented level of miniaturization in electronics and a broad employment of various nanomaterials. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, 46 Prospect Nauki, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM naumov@iop.kiev.ua NR 121 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 500 IS 1-3 BP 414 EP 436 AR PII S0039-6028(01)01539-4 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01539-4 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 546YD UT WOS:000175303400019 ER PT J AU Miller, KA Yoshikawa, DM McConnell, IR Clark, R Schild, D Albala, JS AF Miller, KA Yoshikawa, DM McConnell, IR Clark, R Schild, D Albala, JS TI RAD51C interacts with RAD51B and is central to a larger protein complex in vivo exclusive of RAD51 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; STRAND EXCHANGE; MOUSE GENES; REPAIR GENE; XRCC3; PROMOTES; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; MEMBER AB RAD51B and RAD51C are two of five known paralogs of the human RAD51 protein that are thought to function in both homologous recombination and DNA double-strand break repair. This work describes the in vitro and in vivo identification of the RAD51B/RAD51C heterocomplex. The RAD51B/RAD51C heterocomplex was isolated and purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from insect cells co-expressing the recombinant proteins. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation of the RAD51B and RAD51C proteins from HeLa, MCF10A, and MCF7 cells strongly suggests the existence of an endogenous RAD5113/RAD51C heterocomplex. We extended these observations to examine the interaction between the RAD51B/RAD51C complex and the other RAD51 paralogs. Immunoprecipitation using protein-specific antibodies showed that RAD51C is central to a single large protein complex and/or several smaller complexes with RAD51B, RAD51D, XRCC2, and XRCC3. However, our experiments showed no evidence for the inclusion of RAD51 within these complexes. Further analysis is required to elucidate the function of the RAD51B/RAD51C heterocomplex and its association with the other RAD51 paralogs in the processes of homologous recombination and DNA double-strand break repair. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Albala, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, 700 East Ave,L-448, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA81019-01]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30990] NR 25 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 10 BP 8406 EP 8411 DI 10.1074/jbc.M108306200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 528WR UT WOS:000174268000100 PM 11744692 ER PT J AU Ramos, C Winter, PR Zwier, TS Pratt, ST AF Ramos, C Winter, PR Zwier, TS Pratt, ST TI Photoelectron spectroscopy via the 1 (1)Delta(u) state of diacetylene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOCHEMISTRY; EXCITED-STATES; METASTABLE DIACETYLENE; RYDBERG STATE; ACETYLENE; IONIZATION; PRODUCTS; SYSTEMS AB Photoelectron spectra are reported for one-photon resonant, two-photon ionization of jet-cooled diacetylene via a number of vibronic levels of the 1 (1)Delta(u) state. An improved value for the adiabatic ionization threshold is found to be 82 064+/-30 cm(-1) (10.175+/-0.004 eV), in good agreement with the earlier result. The photoelectron spectra of different vibronic bands of the 1 (1)Delta(u) state nearly all show long progressions in what appear to be low frequency bending vibrations. At energies just above the ionization threshold, the observed progressions can be understood in terms of excitation of a single Renner-Teller active mode in the ion, with Renner-Teller parameters similar to those of the nu(4)(+) trans-bending mode in the ground state acetylene cation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ramos, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 10 BP 4011 EP 4022 DI 10.1063/1.1448488 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 525TL UT WOS:000174087000006 ER PT J AU Mielke, SL Garrett, BC Peterson, KA AF Mielke, SL Garrett, BC Peterson, KA TI A hierarchical family of global analytic Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surfaces for the H+H-2 reaction ranging in quality from double-zeta to the complete basis set limit SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; KOHN VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; S-MATRIX VERSION; GEOMETRIC PHASE; RATE CONSTANTS; H+D-2->HD+D REACTION AB A hierarchical family of analytical Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surfaces has been developed for the H+H-2 system. Ab initio calculations of near full configuration interaction (FCI) quality (converged to within approximate to1 muE(h)) were performed for a set of 4067 configurations with the aug-cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVTZ, and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets. The complete basis set (CBS) limit energies were obtained using a highly accurate many-body basis set extrapolation scheme. Surfaces were fitted for the estimated CBS limit, as well as for the aug-cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVTZ, and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets using a robust new functional form. The mean unsigned fitting error for the CBS surface is a mere 0.0023 kcal/mol, and deviations for data not included in the fitting process are of similarly small magnitudes. Highly accurate calculations of the saddle point and van der Waals minimum configurations were performed using basis sets as large as aug-mcc-pV7Z, and these data show excellent agreement with the results of the extrapolated potential surface. The remaining errors from fitting, correlation treatment, and basis set incompleteness for the new CBS-limit surface are lower by over an order of magnitude compared to any prior analytic surface, and are all now significantly smaller than non-Born-Oppenheimer effects. We expect that this new family of potential surfaces will prove useful in studies elucidating the sensitivity of dynamical quantities to the quality of the potential surface. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mielke, SL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011; Mielke, Steven/B-7533-2008 OI Mielke, Steven/0000-0002-1938-7503 NR 85 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 10 BP 4142 EP 4161 DI 10.1063/1.1432319 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 525TL UT WOS:000174087000020 ER PT J AU Lenzer, T Yourshaw, I Furlanetto, MR Pivonka, NL Neumark, DM AF Lenzer, T Yourshaw, I Furlanetto, MR Pivonka, NL Neumark, DM TI Zero electron kinetic energy spectroscopy of the XeCl- anion SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THRESHOLD PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMIC MULTIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; LOWEST EXCITED-STATES; INTERACTION POTENTIALS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; TDMP2 CALCULATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM; HALOGEN ANIONS; SHELL ATOMS AB Zero electron kinetic energy spectroscopy has been used to study the XeCl- anion and the X1/2 electronic state of neutral XeCl. The spectrum is vibrationally resolved, yielding anion and neutral vibrational frequencies. With the aid of earlier scattering measurements for the neutral state we construct a Morse-Morse-switching-van der Waals model potential function for the anion from our spectroscopic data, for which R-m=3.57+/-0.03 Angstrom and epsilon=145.8+/-0.7 meV. This represents the first accurate experimental potential for the XeCl- anion. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 10 BP 4170 EP 4175 DI 10.1063/1.1450551 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 525TL UT WOS:000174087000022 ER PT J AU Schenter, GK Kathmann, SM Garrett, BC AF Schenter, GK Kathmann, SM Garrett, BC TI Dynamical benchmarks of the nucleation kinetics of water SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE NUCLEATION; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; MOLECULAR THEORY; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; COLLINEAR REACTIONS; HYDROGEN MOLECULES; LIQUID NUCLEATION; MECHANICAL THEORY; GERM-FORMATION AB Recently a theory of vapor-to-liquid phase nucleation was developed based on the kinetics of cluster formation and decomposition. The new method used variational transition state theory (VTST) to obtain the evaporation and condensation rate constants needed in the kinetic model of nucleation. VTST provides a means to systematically improve estimates of rate constants involved in the nucleation process. In the current work, we perform dynamical simulations of the condensation process, estimating the effective reactive cross section using a definition of a cluster that is determined from VTST. These calculations allow us to characterize dynamical corrections to the VTST rate constants. We find that for water cluster sizes ranging from 10-40 waters, VTST estimates of the condensation and evaporation rate constants using a spherical dividing surface require dynamical corrections that are approximately a factor of two. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schenter, GK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011; Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484 NR 58 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 10 BP 4275 EP 4280 DI 10.1063/1.1448487 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 525TL UT WOS:000174087000034 ER PT J AU Laskin, J Futrell, JH AF Laskin, J Futrell, JH TI On the efficiency of energy transfer in collisional activation of small peptides SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; POLYATOMIC IONS; FRAGMENTATION; RELAXATION; EXCITATION AB We present a study of the efficiency of the internal excitation of small peptide ions upon multiple-collision activation with Ar and ion-surface interaction with self-assembled monolayers of fluorinated alkylthiol on gold. Internal energy distributions are extracted from RRKM modeling of collision energy-resolved fragmentation efficiency curves for protonated tri-, tetra-, and penta-alanine, and polyltetra-alanine. The efficiency of T-->V transfer in surface collisional activation decreases for larger peptides. This is readily rationalized by the corresponding decrease in the center-of-mass collisions energy. For all peptides except protonated dialanine, energy transfer upon multiple-collision activation is rather insensitive to the peptide size and composition. The average energy deposited into protonated dialanine is substantially lower than the excitation level achieved for other peptides. Master equation modeling revealed that energy-transfer efficiency in peptide collisions with Ar is the same for all peptides excluding (AA)H+. The results suggest that protonated dialanine has a more extended structure than larger peptides studied in this work. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 10 BP 4302 EP 4310 DI 10.1063/1.1450544 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 525TL UT WOS:000174087000038 ER PT J AU Taleyarkhan, RP West, CD Cho, JS Lahey, RT Nigmatulin, RI Block, RC AF Taleyarkhan, RP West, CD Cho, JS Lahey, RT Nigmatulin, RI Block, RC TI Evidence for nuclear emissions during acoustic cavitation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONDENSATION COEFFICIENT; SONOLUMINESCENCE; BUBBLE; WATER; FUSION AB In cavitation experiments with deuterated acetone, tritium decay activity above background levels was detected. In addition, evidence for neutron emission near 2.5 million electron volts was also observed, as would be expected for deuterium-deuterium fusion. Control experiments with normal acetone did not result in tritium activity or neutron emissions. Hydrodynamic shock code simulations supported the observed data and indicated highly compressed, hot (10(6) to 10(7) kelvin) bubble implosion conditions, as required for nuclear fusion reactions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Ufa Bashkortostan Branch, Inst Mech, Ufa 450000, Russia. RP Taleyarkhan, RP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zrt@ornl.gov RI Nigmatulin, Robert/A-7415-2016 NR 38 TC 178 Z9 220 U1 11 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5561 BP 1868 EP 1873 DI 10.1126/science.1067589 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 529KW UT WOS:000174299500031 PM 11884748 ER PT J AU Crooks, DRM Sneddon, P Cagnoli, G Hough, J Rowan, S Fejer, MM Gustafson, E Route, R Nakagawa, N Coyne, D Harry, GM Gretarsson, AM AF Crooks, DRM Sneddon, P Cagnoli, G Hough, J Rowan, S Fejer, MM Gustafson, E Route, R Nakagawa, N Coyne, D Harry, GM Gretarsson, AM TI Excess mechanical loss associated with dielectric mirror coatings on test masses in interferometric gravitational wave detectors SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL NOISE; FUSED-SILICA AB Interferometric gravitational wave detectors use mirrors whose substrates are formed from materials of low intrinsic mechanical dissipation. The two most likely choices for the test masses in future advanced detectors are fused silica or sapphire (Rowan S et al 2000 Phys. Lett. A 265 5). These test masses must be coated to form mirrors, highly reflecting at 1064 nm. We have measured the excess mechanical losses associated with adding dielectric coatings to substrates of fused silica and calculated the effect of the excess loss on the thermal noise in an advanced interferometer. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. CALTECH, LIGO Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. MIT, LIGO Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Crooks, DRM (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RI Rowan, Sheila/E-3032-2010 NR 22 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD MAR 7 PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 883 EP 896 AR PII S0264-9381(02)31214-0 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/19/5/304 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 533LQ UT WOS:000174531800005 ER PT J AU Harry, GM Gretarsson, AM Saulson, PR Kittelberger, SE Penn, SD Startin, WJ Rowan, S Fejer, MM Crooks, DRM Cagnoli, G Hough, J Nakagawa, N AF Harry, GM Gretarsson, AM Saulson, PR Kittelberger, SE Penn, SD Startin, WJ Rowan, S Fejer, MM Crooks, DRM Cagnoli, G Hough, J Nakagawa, N TI Thermal noise in interferometric gravitational wave detectors due to dielectric optical coatings SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL LOSS; TEST MASSES; LIGO; DISSIPATION; RESONATORS; MIRRORS AB We report on thermal noise from the internal friction of dielectric coatings made from alternating layers of Ta2O5 and SiO2 deposited on fused silica substrates. We present calculations of the thermal noise in gravitational wave interferometers due to optical coatings, when the material properties of the coating are different from those of the substrate and the mechanical loss angle in the coating is anisotropic. The loss angle in the coatings for strains parallel to the substrate surface was determined from ringdown experiments. We measured the mechanical quality factor of three fused silica samples with coatings deposited on them. The loss angle, phi(parallel to)(f), of the coating material for strains parallel to the coated surface was found to be 4.2 +/- 0.3 x 10(-4) for coatings deposited on commercially polished slides, and 1.0 +/- 0.3 x 10(-4) for a coating deposited on a superpolished disc. Using these numbers, we estimate the effect of coatings on thermal noise in the initial LIGO and Advanced LIGO interferometers. We also find that the corresponding prediction for thermal noise in the 40 m LIGO prototype at Caltech is consistent with the noise data. These results are complemented by results for a different type of coating, presented in a companion paper. C1 MIT, LIGO Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Harry, GM (reprint author), MIT, LIGO Lab, Room NW17-161,175 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Rowan, Sheila/E-3032-2010 NR 40 TC 177 Z9 179 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD MAR 7 PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 897 EP 917 AR PII S0264-9381(02)31215-2 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/19/5/305 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 533LQ UT WOS:000174531800006 ER PT J AU Voges, MH Bullock, RM AF Voges, MH Bullock, RM TI Catalytic ionic hydrogenations of ketones using molybdenum and tungsten complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Dalton Discussion Conference on Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms - Insights into Chemical Challenges CY JAN 10-13, 2002 CL KLOSTER BANZ, GERMANY ID TRANSITION-METAL HYDRIDES; ASYMMETRIC TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; ORGANOMETALLIC LEWIS-ACIDS; HOMOGENEOUS HYDROGENATION; RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES; DIHYDROGEN COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CARBONYL HYDRIDES; THERMODYNAMIC ACIDITY; LOW-TEMPERATURE AB Ketone complexes [CpM(CO)(2)(PR3)(eta(1)-Et2C=O)]+BAr'(-)(4) (R = Ph or Me; M = Mo or W) were prepared from hydridc transfer from Cp(CO)(2)(PR3)MH to Ph3C+BAr'(-)(4) [Ar'= 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] in the presence of 3-pentanone. These ketone complexes are catalyst precursors for hydrogenation of Et2C=O under mild conditions (23degreesC, <4 atm H-2). Analogous catalytic hydrogenations are obtained from reaction of the PCy3 complexes CP(CO)(2)(PCy3)MH with Ph3C+BAr'(-)(4). The proposed mechanism involves displacement of the ketone by H-2, producing a cationic metal dihydride [CpM(CO)(2)(PR3)(H)(2)](+). Proton transfer from the dihydride gives a protonated ketone, followed by hydride transfer from the neutral metal hydride CpM(CO)(2)(PR3)H to produce the alcohol complex [CpM(CO)(2)(PR3)(Et2CHOH)](+). The free alcohol product is released from the metal through displacement by H-2 or ketone, completing the catalytic cycle. In most cases, conversion of the ketone or alcohol complexes to the dihydride is the turnover-limiting step of the catalytic cycle, with ketone and alcohol complexes being observed during the reaction. For reactions using the W-PCy3 system, the dihydride [CpW(CO)(2)(PCy3)(H)(2)](+) is observed as the resting state of the catalytic process. Proton transfer is slow and becomes turnover-limiting in this case. The Mo catalysts are more active than W, and the dependence on phosphine is PCy3 > PPh3 > PMe3. The turnover rates are slow, with the fastest initial rate of about 2 turnovers per hour found for the Mo-PCy3 system. This ionic hydrogenation mechanism does not require coordination of the ketone to the metal for the hydrogenation, thus differing from traditional mechanisms where coordination of a ketone to a metal precedes insertion of the ketone into a M-H bond. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bullock, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Bullock, R. Morris/L-6802-2016 OI Bullock, R. Morris/0000-0001-6306-4851 NR 93 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PD MAR 7 PY 2002 IS 5 BP 759 EP 770 DI 10.1039/b107754f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 536NG UT WOS:000174708400016 ER PT J AU Kondev, FG Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Lister, CJ Abu Saleem, K Ahmad, I Amro, H Caggiano, J Davids, CN Heinz, A Herskind, B Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Ma, WC Ressler, JJ Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Siem, S Sonzogni, AA Varmette, PG Wiedenhover, I AF Kondev, FG Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Lister, CJ Abu Saleem, K Ahmad, I Amro, H Caggiano, J Davids, CN Heinz, A Herskind, B Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Ma, WC Ressler, JJ Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Siem, S Sonzogni, AA Varmette, PG Wiedenhover, I TI First observation of excited structures in neutron-deficient Hg-179: evidence for multiple shape coexistence SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MERCURY ISOTOPES; ODD-MASS; INTRUDER BANDS; NUCLEI; STATES; IDENTIFICATION; ALIGNMENT; MOMENTS; DECAY AB Excited structures in the neutron-deficient nucleus Hg-179 have been established for the first time using the Gammasphere spectrometer in conjunction with the fragment mass analyzer. Competing states originating from three different minima associated with nearly spherical, oblate, and prolate deformations were found. This result can be contrasted with the situation in heavier odd-mass Hg isotopes where only two minima (oblate and prolate) have been seen. The implications of these three shapes at low spin and excitation energy are discussed in the general context of shape coexistence in this mass region. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM janssens@anl.gov RI Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 7 PY 2002 VL 528 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 227 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01221-2 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01221-2 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 532ML UT WOS:000174479000007 ER PT J AU Noller, HF Yusupov, MM Yusupova, GZ Baucom, A Cate, JHD AF Noller, HF Yusupov, MM Yusupova, GZ Baucom, A Cate, JHD TI Translocation of tRNA during protein synthesis SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Protein Biosynthesis CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2001 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA DE ribosome; hybrid state; tRNA; mRNA; translocation; spirin ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI RIBOSOME; PEPTIDE-BOND FORMATION; ELONGATION-FACTOR-G; RNA-BINDING-SITES; 70S RIBOSOME; EF-G; A-SITES; P-SITES; VISUALIZATION; MOVEMENT AB Coupled translocation of tRNA and mRNA in the ribosome during protein synthesis is one of the most challenging, and intriguing problems in the field of translation. We highlight several key questions regarding the mechanism of translocation, and discuss possible mechanistic models in light of the recent crystal structures of the ribosome and its subunits. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Sinsheimer Labs, Ctr Mol Biol RNA, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Sinsheimer Labs, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Ctr Struct Biol, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Noller, HF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Sinsheimer Labs, Ctr Mol Biol RNA, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Yusupov, Marat/I-6126-2013; Yusupova , Gulnara/E-1877-2014 OI Yusupov, Marat/0000-0001-5544-0597; NR 41 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 514 IS 1 SI SI BP 11 EP 16 AR PII S0014-5793(02)02327-X DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02327-X PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 535HZ UT WOS:000174640300003 PM 11904173 ER PT J AU Dong, X Erkey, C Dai, HJ Li, HC Cochran, HD Lin, JS AF Dong, X Erkey, C Dai, HJ Li, HC Cochran, HD Lin, JS TI Phase behavior and micelle size of an aqueous microdispersion in supercritical CO2 with a novel surfactant SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CARBON DIOXIDE MICROEMULSIONS AB The sodium salt of bis(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentyl)-2-sulfosuccinate (di-HCF4) was used as a surfactant to stabilize water-in-CO2 microemulsions under a range of conditions. The phase behavior of the surfactant/water/CO2 system was explored using cloud-point measurements for [di-HCF4] = 0.05-0.2 M, temperatures up to 55 degreesC, and pressures up to 35 bar, yielding the highest water and surfactant concentration ever achieved for water-in-CO2 microemulsion systems at comparable pressures. Stable microemulsions at [di-HCF4] = 0.1 M were studied by small-angle X-ray scattering over the range of water-to-surfactant molar ratio from 0.5 to 20. The micelles were observed to swell as water was added to the core. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cochran, HD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Erkey, Can/I-8894-2012 NR 15 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1038 EP 1042 DI 10.1021/ie010342t PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 526DR UT WOS:000174114200016 ER PT J AU Keiper, JS Simhan, R DeSimone, JM Wignall, GD Melnichenko, YB Frielinghaus, H AF Keiper, JS Simhan, R DeSimone, JM Wignall, GD Melnichenko, YB Frielinghaus, H TI New phosphate fluorosurfactants for carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MICROEMULSIONS; WATER; SURFACTANTS; ENVIRONMENT C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, NSF Ctr Environmentally Responsible Solvents & Pr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP DeSimone, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, NSF Ctr Environmentally Responsible Solvents & Pr, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Frielinghaus, Henrich/K-6017-2013; OI Frielinghaus, Henrich/0000-0002-8812-8783; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 17 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 9 BP 1834 EP 1835 DI 10.1021/ja0122142 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 527ND UT WOS:000174191400002 PM 11866579 ER PT J AU Curtis, CJ Miedaner, A Ellis, WW DuBois, DL AF Curtis, CJ Miedaner, A Ellis, WW DuBois, DL TI Measurement of the hydride donor abilities of [HM(diphosphine)(2)](+) complexes (M = Ni, Pt) by heterolytic activation of hydrogen SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; THERMODYNAMIC ACIDITY; CARBONYL HYDRIDES; DIHYDROGEN COMPLEXES; BOND-ENERGIES; ELECTRODE-POTENTIALS; TRANSFER MECHANISMS; PROTONATION; LIGAND; REACTIVITY AB [M(diphosphine)(2)](2+) complexes (where M = Ni and Pt) react with hydrogen in the presence of bases to form the corresponding hydrides, [HM(diphosphine)(2)](+). In seven cases, equilibria have been observed from which the hydride donor ability (DeltaGdegrees(H-)) of the hydrides can be calculated. For six of these complexes, the DeltaGdegrees(H-) values calculated using heterolytic activation of hydrogen are compared with those based on thermodynamic cycles using pK(a) measurements and electrochemical half-wave potentials. The agreement between these two methods is good (within 1 kcal/mol). The reactivity of the various [M(diphosphine)(2)](2+) complexes toward hydrogen parallels their measured hydride acceptor abilities. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP DuBois, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 60 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 9 BP 1918 EP 1925 DI 10.1021/ja0116829 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 527ND UT WOS:000174191400027 PM 11866604 ER PT J AU Ellis, WW Miedaner, A Curtis, CJ Gibson, DH DuBois, DL AF Ellis, WW Miedaner, A Curtis, CJ Gibson, DH DuBois, DL TI Hydride donor abilities and bond dissociation free energies of transition metal formyl complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COORDINATED CARBON-MONOXIDE; DIMETAL KETONE; REDUCTION; REACTIVITY; RHODIUM; LIGAND; CO; HYDROXYMETHYL; HYDROGENATION; NICKEL(0) AB The hydride complex [Pt(dmpe)(2)H](+) (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) reversibly transfers H- to the rhenium carbonyl complex (CpRe(PMe3)(NO)(CO)](+), giving the formyl CpRe(PMe3)-(NO)(CHO), From the equilibrium constant for the hydride transfer (16.2), the DeltaGdegrees for the reaction was determined (-1.6 kcal/mol), as was the hydride-donating ability of the formyl (44.1 kcal/mol). The hydride-donating ability, DeltaGdegrees(H-), is defined as the energy required to release the hydride ion into solution by the formyl complex [i.e. M(CHO) --> M(CO)(+) + H-]. Subsequently, the hydride-donating ability of a series of formyl complexes was determined, ranging from 44 to 55 kcal/mol. With use of this information, two rhenium carbonyl complexes, [CpRe(NO)(CO)(2)](+) and [Cp*Re(NO)(CO)(2)](+), were hydrogenated to formyls, employing (Pt(dMPP)(2)](2+) and Proton-Sponge. Finally, the E-1/2(I/O) values for five rhenium carbonyl complexes were measured by cyclic voltammetry. Combined with the known DeltaGdegrees(H-) values for the complexes, the hydrogen atom donating abilities could be determined. These values were all found to be approximately 50 kcal/mol. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Chem, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Ctr Chem Catalysis, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP DuBois, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 41 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 9 BP 1926 EP 1932 DI 10.1021/ja0116831 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 527ND UT WOS:000174191400028 PM 11866605 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZY Zha, HY Simon, H AF Zhang, ZY Zha, HY Simon, H TI Low-rank approximations with sparse factors - I: Basic algorithms and error analysis SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE low-rank matrix approximation; singular value decomposition; sparse factorization; perturbation analysis ID INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL; MATRIX AB We consider the problem of computing low-rank approximations of matrices. The novel aspects of our approach are that we require the low-rank approximations to be written in a factorized form with sparse factors, and the degree of sparsity of the factors can be traded off for reduced reconstruction error by certain user-determined parameters. We give a detailed error analysis of our proposed algorithms and compare the computed sparse low-rank approximations with those obtained from singular value decomposition. We present numerical examples arising from some application areas to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of our algorithms. C1 Zhejiang Univ, Dept Math, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhang, ZY (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Math, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. EM zyzhang@math.zju.edu.cn; zha@cse.psu.edu; HDSimon@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 EI 1095-7162 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 706 EP 727 AR PII S0895479899359631 DI 10.1137/S0895479899359631 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 530UZ UT WOS:000174378500008 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, JM Thompson, OT Wignall, GD AF O'Reilly, JM Thompson, OT Wignall, GD TI Investigation of colloidal dispersions of photographic couplers and surfactants by small-angle neutron scattering SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE dispersions; coupler; surfactants; surface charge; small-angle neutron scattering ID MICELLES; SULFATE AB Colloidal dispersions of photographic couplers prepared by condensation methods were studied by small-angle neutron scattering, initially in dilute aqueous solutions, where inter-particle effects can be neglected. These nanoparticle dispersions are composed mainly of coupler and surfactant hydrocarbon chains, which were shown to be intimately mixed as in a liquid. The particle sizes were determined to be in the range 50-250 A in radius for ten couplers investigated with the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. Selected couplers were studied with two other surfactants. The amount of surfactant associated with coupler in the particles varied with coupler structure and ranged from 50 to 80%. Studies were also performed at higher concentrations where interparticle interactions were observed as manifested by a peak, as opposed to a monotonic fall off in the scattering, as in dilute solutions. For these data, the interparticle scattering function, S(Q), was calculated using the mean spherical approximation, MSA which was used to extract the aggregation number, surface charge, and inner and outer radii of the particle, which define the particle 'shell', consisting of surfactant headgroups, counterions and water of hydration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY 14650 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP O'Reilly, JM (reprint author), Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY 14650 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD MAR 5 PY 2002 VL 201 IS 1-3 BP 47 EP 62 AR PII S0927-7757(01)00742-7 DI 10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00742-7 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 537WZ UT WOS:000174783800006 ER PT J AU George, E Glimm, J Li, XL Marchese, A Xu, ZL AF George, E Glimm, J Li, XL Marchese, A Xu, ZL TI A comparison of experimental, theoretical, and numerical simulation Rayleigh-Taylor mixing rates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITY; ACCELERATION; DEPENDENCE AB We present a Rayleigh-Taylor mixing rate simulation with an acceleration rate falling within the range of experiments. The simulation uses front tracking to prevent interfacial mass diffusion. We present evidence to support the assertion that the lower acceleration rate found in untracked simulations is caused, at least to a large extent, by a reduced buoyancy force due to numerical interfacial mass diffusion. Quantitative evidence includes results from a time-dependent Atwood number analysis of the diffusive simulation, which yields a renormalized mixing rate coefficient for the diffusive simulation in agreement with experiment. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Xu, Zhiliang/O-1718-2014 NR 9 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 5 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 5 BP 2587 EP 2592 DI 10.1073/pnas.032568799 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 529DK UT WOS:000174284600003 PM 11854452 ER PT J AU Garcia, AE Sanbonmatsu, KY AF Garcia, AE Sanbonmatsu, KY TI alpha-Helical stabilization by side chain shielding of backbone hydrogen bonds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; COIL KINETICS; RICH PEPTIDES; AMINO-ACIDS; WATER; ALANINE; PROPENSITIES; STABILITY; MECHANISM; FORCE AB We study atomic models of the thermodynamics of the structural transition of peptides that form a-helices. The effect of sequence variation on a-helix formation for alanine-rich peptides, Ac-Ala(21)-methyl amide (A21) and Ac-A(5) (AAARA)(3)A-methyl amide (Fs peptide), is investigated by atomic simulation studies of the thermodynamics of the helix-coil transition in explicit water. The simulations show that the guanidinium group in the Arg side chains in the Fs peptide interacts with the carbonyl group four amino acids upstream in the chain and desolvates backbone hydrogen bonds. This desolvation can be directly correlated with a higher probability of hydrogen bond formation. We find that Fs has higher helical content than A21 at all temperatures. A small modification in the AMBER force field reproduces the experimental helical content and helix-coil transition temperatures for the Fs peptide. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Garcia, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T10 MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 47 TC 330 Z9 335 U1 2 U2 35 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 5 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 5 BP 2782 EP 2787 DI 10.1073/pnas.042496899 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 529DK UT WOS:000174284600037 PM 11867710 ER PT J AU Turhan, A Weiss, LA Mohandas, N Coller, BS Frenette, PS AF Turhan, A Weiss, LA Mohandas, N Coller, BS Frenette, PS TI Primary role for adherent leukocytes in sickle cell vascular occlusion: A new paradigm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL; ERYTHROCYTE ADHERENCE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; P-SELECTIN; DISEASE; ADHESION; FLOW; MICE; HEMOGLOBIN; BLOOD AB Vascular occlusion is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease but its mechanisms are poorly understood. We demonstrate by using intravital microscopy in mice expressing human sickle hemoglobin (SS) that SS red blood cells (RBCs) bind to adherent leukocytes in inflamed venules, producing vasoocclusion of cremasteric venules. SS mice deficient in P- and E-selectins, which display defective leukocyte recruitment to the vessel wall, are protected from vasoocclusion. These data uncover a previously unsuspected paradigm for the pathogenesis of sickle cell vasoocclusion in which adherent leukocytes play a direct role and suggest that drugs targeting SS RBC-leukocyte or leukocyte-endothelial interactions may prevent or treat the vascular complications of this debilitating disease. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frenette, PS (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, 1 Gustave Levy Pl Box 1079, New York, NY 10029 USA. RI Frenette, Paul/J-8272-2012; Turhan, Aslihan/G-2963-2013; Weiss, Linnea/K-8062-2014 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL019278, HL 19278, HL 31579, HL 69438, P60-HL28381, R01 HL031579, R01 HL069438]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 56638, R01 DK056638] NR 34 TC 207 Z9 211 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 5 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 5 BP 3047 EP 3051 DI 10.1073/pnas.052522799 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 529DK UT WOS:000174284600082 PM 11880644 ER PT J AU Chang, JH Wang, LQ Shin, Y Jeong, B Birnbaum, JC Exarhos, GJ AF Chang, JH Wang, LQ Shin, Y Jeong, B Birnbaum, JC Exarhos, GJ TI The core-shell approach to formation of ordered nanoporous materials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS SILICA; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PHASES; MESOSTRUCTURES; MECHANISM; TRIBLOCK C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Exarhos, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K2-44, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 378 EP 382 DI 10.1002/1521-4095(20020304)14:5<378::AID-ADMA378>3.0.CO;2-E PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 530BC UT WOS:000174334900012 ER PT J AU Muhlstein, CL Stach, EA Ritchie, RO AF Muhlstein, CL Stach, EA Ritchie, RO TI Mechanism of fatigue in micron-scale films of polycrystalline silicon for microelectromechanical systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; FRACTURE; STRESS; OXIDATION AB Reported nearly a decade ago, cyclic fatigue failure in silicon thin films has remained a mystery. Silicon does not display the room-temperature plasticity or extrinsic toughening mechanisms necessary to cause fatigue in either ductile (e.g., metals) or brittle (e.g., ceramics and ordered intermetallics) materials. This letter presents experimental evidence for the cyclic fatigue of silicon via a conceptually different mechanism termed reaction-layer fatigue. Based on mechanical testing, electron microscopy, and self-assembled monolayers, we present direct observation of fatigue-crack initiation in polycrystalline silicon, the mechanism of crack initiation, and a method for altering fatigue damage accumulation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muhlstein, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Muhlstein, Christopher/0000-0002-5928-068X NR 18 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1532 EP 1534 DI 10.1063/1.1455142 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HV UT WOS:000174181400010 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Beeman, JW Ager, JW Haller, EE Miotkowski, I Ramdas, AK Becla, P AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Beeman, JW Ager, JW Haller, EE Miotkowski, I Ramdas, AK Becla, P TI Band anticrossing in group II-O-x-VI1-x highly mismatched alloys: Cd1-xMnyOxTe1-x quaternaries synthesized by O ion implantation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAP ENERGY; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; INNXP1-X; SULFUR; GANAS; GAAS; ZNTE AB Highly mismatched group II-O-x-VI1-x alloys have been synthesized by oxygen implantation into Cd1-yMnyTe crystals. In crystals with y>0.02, incorporation of O causes a large decrease in the band gap. The band gap reduction increases with y; the largest value observed is 190 meV in O-implanted Cd0.38Mn0.62Te. This striking behavior is consistent with the band anticrossing model which predicts that repulsive interaction between localized states of O and the extended states of the conduction band causes the band gap reduction. These large, O-induced effects provide a unique opportunity by which to control the optical and electronic properties in II-VI alloys. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1571 EP 1573 DI 10.1063/1.1455689 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HV UT WOS:000174181400023 ER PT J AU Jia, QX Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN Smith, JF AF Jia, QX Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN Smith, JF TI High-temperature superconducting thick films with enhanced supercurrent carrying capability SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TAPES; CONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION; LAYERS AB We have developed a multilayer architecture to enhance the supercurrent carrying capability of thick (>1 mum) YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films. An interlayer of CeO2, which functions as a starting template for growth of subsequent high-quality YBCO layers, is used to prohibit the generation of microstructural defects that otherwise develop in the top region of thick YBCO films. Improved surface quality for a 3.3 mum thick YBCO film has been confirmed by the channeling data of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. Compared to our routinely prepared single-layer YBCO thick film in which the supercurrent drops rapidly with increasing film thickness, this multilayer makes it possible to maintain critical current density over 1 MA/cm(2) with less restrictions on the thickness of coated conductors. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jia, QX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, MS K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 12 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1601 EP 1603 DI 10.1063/1.1455143 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HV UT WOS:000174181400033 ER PT J AU Luo, B Johnson, JW Kim, J Mehandru, RM Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Baca, AG Briggs, RD Shul, RJ Monier, C Han, J AF Luo, B Johnson, JW Kim, J Mehandru, RM Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Baca, AG Briggs, RD Shul, RJ Monier, C Han, J TI Influence of MgO and Sc2O3 passivation on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GAN-BASED TRANSISTORS; HEMTS AB Unpassivated AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors show significant gate lag effects due to the presence of surface states in the region between the gate and drain contact. Low-temperature (100 degreesC) layers of MgO or Sc2O3 deposited by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy are shown to effectively mitigate the collapse in drain current through passivation of the surface traps. These dielectrics may have advantages over the more conventional SiNX passivation in terms of long-term device stability. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Luo, B (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 30 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1661 EP 1663 DI 10.1063/1.1455692 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HV UT WOS:000174181400053 ER PT J AU Bluhm, H Ogletree, DF Fadley, CS Hussain, Z Salmeron, N AF Bluhm, H Ogletree, DF Fadley, CS Hussain, Z Salmeron, N TI The premelting of ice studied with photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Letter ID SURFACE; WATER AB We address the century-old puzzle of the existence of a liquid-like layer at the ice surface near its melting point with new photoelectron spectroscopic tools using synchrotron radiation. Near-edge x-ray absorption shows that a liquid-like film exists at temperatures as low as -20degreesC. Near 0degreesC this film is about 20 Angstrom thick, i.e., six bilayers. With high-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we have further investigated the effect of surface contamination, which is ubiquitous in natural environments, on the state of the ice. Our results show that the premelting of ice can be strongly enhanced by the presence of hydrocarbon contamination. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 20 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 4 U2 38 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 8 BP L227 EP L233 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/8/108 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 534BL UT WOS:000174564700008 ER PT J AU Myneni, S Luo, Y Naslund, LA Cavalleri, M Ojamae, L Ogasawara, H Pelmenschikov, A Wernet, P Vaterlein, P Heske, C Hussain, Z Pettersson, LGM Nilsson, A AF Myneni, S Luo, Y Naslund, LA Cavalleri, M Ojamae, L Ogasawara, H Pelmenschikov, A Wernet, P Vaterlein, P Heske, C Hussain, Z Pettersson, LGM Nilsson, A TI Spectroscopic probing of local hydrogen-bonding structures in liquid water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Letter ID K-SHELL EXCITATION; H2O; DESORPTION; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; PHOTOION; AMMONIA; REGION; EDGE; D2O AB We have studied the electronic structure of liquid water using x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the oxygen K edge. Since the x-ray absorption process takes less than a femtosecond, it allows probing of the molecular orbital structure of frozen, local geometries of water molecules at a timescale that has not previously been accessible. Our results indicate that the electronic structure of liquid water is significantly different from that of the solid and gaseous forms, resulting in a pronounced pre-edge feature below the main absorption edge in the spectrum. Theoretical calculations of these spectra suggest that this feature originates from specific configurations of water, for which the H-bond is broken on the H-donating site of the water molecule. This study provides a fingerprint for identifying broken donating H-bonds in the liquid and shows that an unsaturated H-bonding environment exists for a dominating fraction of the water molecules. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Stockholm, FYSIKUM, S-11385 Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Stockholm, Arrhenius Lab, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Myneni, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cavalleri, Matteo/A-7689-2008; Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pettersson, Lars/F-8428-2011; Luo, Yi/B-1449-2009; Wernet, Philippe/A-7085-2013; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; Ojamae, Lars/C-4974-2015; Ogasawara, Hirohito/D-2105-2009 OI Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Luo, Yi/0000-0003-0007-0394; Wernet, Philippe/0000-0001-7011-9072; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; Ojamae, Lars/0000-0002-5341-2637; Ogasawara, Hirohito/0000-0001-5338-1079 NR 22 TC 238 Z9 242 U1 2 U2 70 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 8 BP L213 EP L219 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/8/106 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 534BL UT WOS:000174564700006 ER PT J AU Wilson, KR Cavalleri, M Rude, BS Schaller, RD Nilsson, A Pettersson, LGM Goldman, N Catalano, T Bozek, JD Saykally, RJ AF Wilson, KR Cavalleri, M Rude, BS Schaller, RD Nilsson, A Pettersson, LGM Goldman, N Catalano, T Bozek, JD Saykally, RJ TI Characterization of hydrogen bond acceptor molecules at the water surface using near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy and density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Letter ID LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACE; DYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; EXCITATION; H2O; GAS AB We present a combined experimental/computational study of the near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure of the. liquid water surface which indicates that molecules with acceptor-only hydrogen bonding configurations constitute an important and previously unidentified component of the liquid/vapour interface. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Stockholm, FYSIKUM, S-11385 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Saykally, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cavalleri, Matteo/A-7689-2008; Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pettersson, Lars/F-8428-2011; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 26 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 8 BP L221 EP L226 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/8/107 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 534BL UT WOS:000174564700007 ER PT J AU Qiu, ZQ Smith, NV AF Qiu, ZQ Smith, NV TI Quantum well states and oscillatory magnetic interlayer coupling SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID SHORT-PERIOD OSCILLATIONS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LAYER THICKNESS; THIN-FILMS; CU FILMS; EXCHANGE; PHOTOEMISSION; MULTILAYERS; FE; SUPERLATTICES AB Some interesting magnetic properties of artificially layered metallic materials are strongly connected with the existence of electron standing waves, or quantum well (QW) states. One such property is the oscillation in exchange coupling between two ferromagnetic materials separated by a nonmagnetic spacer layer of varying thicknesses. This article summarizes the findings of an extended investigation of QW states and their relation to oscillatory magnetic interlayer coupling carried out using angle-resolved photoemission with synchrotron radiation and auxiliary techniques such as magnetic x-ray linear dichroism and surface magnetic optical Kerr effect. A key feature of the measurements was the use of wedge-shaped samples, which, in combination with the small spot size of the synchrotron source, permitted investigation of the entire layer thickness range in a single experiment. Single-wedge samples were used as well as double-wedge samples tapered in orthogonal directions. The systematics of QW formation are well understood in terms of the elementary quantum mechanics of a particle in a box. We treat a single well, a double wen and a corrugated well. The work on single wells focused on the elucidation of the long and short magnetic oscillatory periods for a Cu spacer layer, and their relation to the belly and neck regions of the Cu Fermi surface. The effects of interfacial roughness and interfacial mixing were investigated. The studies on double wells focused on the controllable degree of tunnelling between the wells and the avoided crossings that occur when the QW energies in one well are swept through those of the other. Finally, we consider the QW wavefunctions and their envelope modulation. The latter can be understood in terms of Bragg diffraction within a corrugated well. With use of a double-wedge-shaped sample it has proved possible to pass a thin probe across the well and to detect experimentally the envelope modulation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qiu, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qiu, Zi Qiang/O-4421-2016 OI Qiu, Zi Qiang/0000-0003-0680-0714 NR 51 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 8 BP R169 EP R193 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/8/201 PG 25 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 534BL UT WOS:000174564700009 ER PT J AU Ambrosanio, S Dedes, A Heinemeyer, S Su, S Weiglein, G AF Ambrosanio, S Dedes, A Heinemeyer, S Su, S Weiglein, G TI Implications of the Higgs boson searches on different soft SUSY-breaking scenarios SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Review ID MEDIATED SUPERSYMMETRY-BREAKING; ELECTROWEAK PRECISION OBSERVABLES; FEYNMAN-DIAGRAMMATIC APPROACH; LOW-ENERGY SUPERSYMMETRY; ONE-LOOP CORRECTIONS; ART. NO. 075005; STANDARD-MODEL; QCD CORRECTIONS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; FERMILAB TEVATRON AB We investigate the Higgs boson sector of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) in the framework of the three most prominent soft SUSY-breaking scenarios, mSUGRA, mGMSB and mAMSB. For each scenario, we determine the parameters at the electroweak scale from the set of input variables at higher energy scales (depending on the specific scenario) and evaluate the Higgs boson properties. The latter are based on results obtained within the Feynman-diagrammatic approach by taking into account the complete one-loop and the dominant two-loop contributions. The maximum value of the mass of the lightest neutral CP-even MSSM Higgs boson, m(h), is determined in the three scenarios, and the behavior of the Higgs couplings to fermions and gauge bosons is investigated. Restrictions on tanbeta and on the set of higher-energy scale parameters are derived from the lower limits arising from the Higgs search at LEP2. We furthermore discuss the regions of parameter space in the three scenarios compatible with interpreting the excess observed at LEP2 as a Higgs signal, m(h) = 115(-0.9)(+1.3) GeV. The case where the events observed at LEP2 could originate from the production of the heavier neutral CP-even Higgs boson is also considered. The implications of a possible Higgs signal at 115 GeV for SUSY searches at future colliders are briefly discussed for each of the three scenarios. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Banca Roma, Direzione Gen, I-00144 Rome, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, HET, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Durham, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LR, England. RP CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM sandro.ambrosanio@bancaroma.it; dedes@th.physik.uni-bonn.de; sven.heinemeyer@bnl.gov; shufang@theory.caltech.edu; georg.weiglein@cern.ch NR 170 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 624 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 44 AR PII S0550-3213(01)00654-X DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(01)00654-X PG 42 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 524VP UT WOS:000174033800001 ER PT J AU Barbieri, R Hall, LJ Nomura, Y AF Barbieri, R Hall, LJ Nomura, Y TI Models of Scherk-Schwarz symmetry breaking in 5d: classification and calculability SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID EXTRA DIMENSIONS; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; TEV; ORBIFOLDS; STRINGS; MASSES AB The form of the most general orbifold breaking of gauge, global and supersymmetries with a single extra dimension is given. In certain theories the Higgs boson mass is ultraviolet finite due to an unbroken local supersymmetry, which is explicitly exhibited. We construct: a I parameter SU(3) x SU(2) x U(l) theory with I bulk Higgs hypermultiplet, a 2 parameter SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) theory with 2 bulk Higgs hypermultiplets, and a 2 parameter SU(5) --> SU(3) x SU(2) x U(l) theory with 2 bulk Higgs hypermultiplets, and demonstrate that these theories are unique. We compute the Higgs mass and compactification scale in the SU(3) x SU(2) x U(I) theory with I bulk Higgs hypermultiplet. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nomura, Y (reprint author), Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Piazza Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 30 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 624 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 80 AR PII S0550-3213(01)00649-6 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(01)00649-6 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 524VP UT WOS:000174033800003 ER PT J AU Berrah, N Bozek, JD Turri, G Akerman, G Rude, B Zhou, HL Manson, ST AF Berrah, N Bozek, JD Turri, G Akerman, G Rude, B Zhou, HL Manson, ST TI K-shell photodetachment of He-: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-IONS; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; BINDING-ENERGIES; SHAPE RESONANCE; THRESHOLD AB High-resolution K-shell photodetachment measurements of He- giving rise to He+ ions have been performed using a merged synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photon-ion beam technique. The measurements on this fundamental negative ion display dramatic structure differing substantially, qualitatively and quantitatively, from the corresponding process in neutral atoms and positive ions, owing to the dominance of correlation in both initial and final states of He-. In addition, this experimental investigation provides an unambiguous test of two independent theoretical calculations that report serious discrepancies and shows excellent agreement with one of them. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Berrah, N (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 16 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 093001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.093001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100016 PM 11863999 ER PT J AU Braun, OM Roder, J AF Braun, OM Roder, J TI Transition from stick-slip to smooth sliding: An earthquakelike model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; FRICTION DYNAMICS; DRY-FRICTION; CREEP; LUBRICATION; EVOLUTION; SURFACES AB We present a detailed study of an earthquakelike model that exhibits a "transition" from stick-slip motion to smooth sliding at a velocity of the order of those observed in experiments. This contrasts with the many previous microscopic models in which the transition velocity is many orders of magnitude too large. The results show that experimentally observed smooth sliding at the macroscopic scale must correspond to microscopic-scale stick-slip motion. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Braun, OM (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 096102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.096102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100048 PM 11864031 ER PT J AU Derro, DJ Hudson, EW Lang, KM Pan, SH Davis, JC Markert, JT de Lozanne, AL AF Derro, DJ Hudson, EW Lang, KM Pan, SH Davis, JC Markert, JT de Lozanne, AL TI Nanoscale one-dimensional scattering resonances in the CuO chains of YBa2Cu3O6+x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LOCAL ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; IMPURITY SCATTERING; MAGNETIC IMPURITY; BOUND-STATES; T-C; FLUCTUATIONS; DENSITY; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA AB We present scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements of the CuO chain plane in YBa2Cu3O6+x, showing a similar to25 meV gap in the local density of states (LDOS) filled by numerous intragap resonances: intense peaks in LDOS spectra associated with one-dimensional, Friedel-like oscillations. We discuss how these phenomena shed light on recent results from other probes, as well as their implications for phenomena in the superconducting CuO2 plane. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lozanne@physics.utexas.edu RI de Lozanne, Alex/C-9693-2013; Hudson, Eric/C-2746-2008 OI de Lozanne, Alex/0000-0003-2950-4707; Hudson, Eric/0000-0001-7064-0351 NR 37 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 097002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.097002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100061 PM 11864044 ER PT J AU Essler, FHL Tsvelik, AM AF Essler, FHL Tsvelik, AM TI Spectral function of a quarter-filled one-dimensional charge density wave insulator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOMONAGA-LUTTINGER LIQUID; BECHGAARD SALTS; HUBBARD-MODEL; TRANSITION; PRBA2CU3O7; CHAINS AB We consider a one-dimensional charge density wave insulator formed by umklapp processes in a quarter-filled band. The spectrum of the model consists of gapless, uncharged excitations carrying spin +/-1/2 (spinons) and gapped, spinless excitations carrying charge +/-e/2 (solitons and antisolitons). We calculate the low-energy behavior of the single-electron Green's function at zero temperature. The spectral function exhibits a featureless scattering continuum of two solitons and many spinons. The theory predicts that the gap observed by angle resolved photoemission is twice the activation gap in the dc conductivity. We comment on possible applications to PrBa2Cu3O7 and to the Bechgaard salts. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Essler, FHL (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 096403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.096403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100054 PM 11864037 ER PT J AU Gayou, O Aniol, KA Averett, T Benmokhtar, F Bertozzi, W Bimbot, L Brash, EJ Calarco, JR Cavata, C Chai, Z Chang, CC Chang, T Chen, JP Chudakov, E De Leo, R Dieterich, S Endres, R Epstein, MB Escoffier, S Fissum, KG Fonvieille, H Frullani, S Gao, J Garibaldi, F Gilad, S Gilman, R Glamazdin, A Glashausser, C Gomez, J Gorbenko, V Hansen, JO Higinbotham, DW Huber, GM Iodice, M de Jager, CW Jiang, X Jones, MK Kelly, JJ Khandaker, M Kozlov, A Kramer, KM Kumbartzki, G LeRose, JJ Lhuillier, D Lindgren, RA Liyanage, N Lolos, GJ Margaziotis, DJ Marie, F Markowitz, P McCormick, K Michaels, R Milbrath, BD Nanda, SK Neyret, D Papandreou, Z Pentchev, L Perdrisat, CF Piskunov, NM Punjabi, V Pussieux, T Quemener, G Ransome, RD Raue, BA Roche, R Rvachev, M Saha, A Salgado, C Sirca, S Sitnik, I Strauch, S Todor, L Tomasi-Gustafsson, E Urciuoli, GM Voskanyan, H Wijesooriya, K Wojtsekhowski, BB Zheng, X Zhu, L AF Gayou, O Aniol, KA Averett, T Benmokhtar, F Bertozzi, W Bimbot, L Brash, EJ Calarco, JR Cavata, C Chai, Z Chang, CC Chang, T Chen, JP Chudakov, E De Leo, R Dieterich, S Endres, R Epstein, MB Escoffier, S Fissum, KG Fonvieille, H Frullani, S Gao, J Garibaldi, F Gilad, S Gilman, R Glamazdin, A Glashausser, C Gomez, J Gorbenko, V Hansen, JO Higinbotham, DW Huber, GM Iodice, M de Jager, CW Jiang, X Jones, MK Kelly, JJ Khandaker, M Kozlov, A Kramer, KM Kumbartzki, G LeRose, JJ Lhuillier, D Lindgren, RA Liyanage, N Lolos, GJ Margaziotis, DJ Marie, F Markowitz, P McCormick, K Michaels, R Milbrath, BD Nanda, SK Neyret, D Papandreou, Z Pentchev, L Perdrisat, CF Piskunov, NM Punjabi, V Pussieux, T Quemener, G Ransome, RD Raue, BA Roche, R Rvachev, M Saha, A Salgado, C Sirca, S Sitnik, I Strauch, S Todor, L Tomasi-Gustafsson, E Urciuoli, GM Voskanyan, H Wijesooriya, K Wojtsekhowski, BB Zheng, X Zhu, L CA Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration TI Measurement of G(Ep)/G(Mp) in (e)over-right-arrowp -> e(p)over-right-arrow to Q(2)=5.6 GeV2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; PROTON AB The ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton G(Ep)/G(Mp), which is an image of its charge and magnetization distributions, was measured at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) using the recoil polarization technique. The ratio of the form factors is directly proportional to the ratio of the transverse to longitudinal components of the polarization of the recoil proton in the elastic (e) over right arrowp --> e (p) over right arrow reaction. The new data presented span the range 3.5 < Q(2) < 5.6 GeV2 and are well described by a linear Q(2) fit. Also, the ratio rootQ(2) F-2p/F-1p reaches a constant value above Q(2) = 2 GeV2. C1 Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Aubiere, France. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Eastern Kentucky Univ, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Sci Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, F-38026 St Martin Dheres, France. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 3, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Dubna Joint Nucl Res Inst, LHE, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Gayou, O (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RI Averett, Todd/A-2969-2011; CAVATA, Christian/P-6496-2015 NR 40 TC 576 Z9 580 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 092301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.092301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100013 PM 11863996 ER PT J AU Kilic, C Zunger, A AF Kilic, C Zunger, A TI Origins of coexistence of conductivity and transparency in SnO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SB-DOPED SNO2; DEFECT STRUCTURE; TOTAL-ENERGY; OXIDE; PHOTOEMISSION; FORMALISM; STATE; FILMS AB SnO2 is a prototype "transparent conductor," exhibiting the contradictory properties of high metallic conductivity due to massive structural nonstoichiometry with nearly complete, insulator-like transparency in the visible range. We found, via first-principles calculations, that the tin interstitial and oxygen vacancy have surprisingly low formation energies and strong mutual attraction, explaining the natural nonstoichiometry of this system. The stability of these intrinsic defects is traced back to the multivalence of tin. These defects donate electrons to the conduction band without increasing optical interband absorption, explaining coexistence of conductivity with transparency. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kilic, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Kilic, Cetin/E-1336-2011; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Kilic, Cetin/0000-0003-2690-4940; NR 23 TC 394 Z9 398 U1 13 U2 134 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 095501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.095501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100039 PM 11864022 ER PT J AU Martin, I Balatsky, AV Zaanen, J AF Martin, I Balatsky, AV Zaanen, J TI Impurity states and interlayer tunneling in high temperature superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PARTICLE AB We argue that the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of resonant states generated by doping Zn or Ni impurities into Cu-O planes of BSCCO are the result of quantum interference of the impurity signal coming from several distinct paths. The impurity image seen on the surface is greatly affected by interlayer tunneling matrix elements. We find that the optimal tunneling path between the STM tip and the metal (Cu, Zn, or Ni) d(x2-y2) orbitals in the Cu-O plane involves intermediate excited states. This tunneling path leads to the fourfold nonlocal filter of the impurity state in Cu-O plane that explains the experimental impurity spectra. Applications of the tunneling filter to the Cu vacancy defects and "direct" tunneling into Cu-O planes are also discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Phys, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Martin, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 097003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.097003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100062 PM 11864045 ER PT J AU Mook, HA Dai, PC Dogan, F AF Mook, HA Dai, PC Dogan, F TI Charge and spin structure in YBa2Cu3O6.35 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS; HUBBARD-MODEL AB Neutron scattering has been used to measure the charge and spin structure in the highly underdoped superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.35. Incommensurate static charge ordering is found that remains at high temperatures. The magnetic pattern is complex with a resonance and incommensurate structure observed at low temperatures. The results clarify the role of striped phases in YBa2Cu3O6+x superconductors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mook, HA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170 NR 17 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 097004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.097004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100063 PM 11864046 ER PT J AU Ozolins, V Asta, M Hoyt, JJ AF Ozolins, V Asta, M Hoyt, JJ TI Elastic relaxations in ultrathin epitaxial alloy films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; MORPHOLOGICAL STABILITY; NANOSTRUCTURES; SURFACES; GROWTH AB Elastic interactions responsible for the stability of nanometer-scale patterns in ultrathin, bulk-immiscible-alloy films are analyzed within the context of a hybrid atomistic-continuum model. Two apparently different descriptions of alloy film behavior, a continuum elasticity theory describing a deformable substrate and a rigid substrate atomistic scheme, emerge naturally as limiting cases on long and short length scales, respectively. Quantitative first-principles calculations explain the origin of recently observed nanoscale patterns in Co-Ag/Ru(0001), and reveal a surprising failure of the continuum model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ozolins, V (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Ozolins, Vidvuds/D-4578-2009 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 096101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.096101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100047 PM 11864030 ER PT J AU Puzder, A Williamson, AJ Grossman, JC Galli, G AF Puzder, A Williamson, AJ Grossman, JC Galli, G TI Surface chemistry of silicon nanoclusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SI NANOCRYSTALS; POROUS SILICON; QUANTUM DOTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LUMINESCENCE; CLUSTERS; CONFINEMENT; OXYGEN AB lWe employ density functional and quantum Monte Carlo calculations to show that significant changes occur in the gap of fully hydrogenated nanoclusters when the surface contains passivants other than hydrogen, in particular atomic oxygen. In the case of oxygen, the gap reduction computed as a function of the nanocluster size provides a consistent interpretation of several recent experiments. Furthermore, we predict that other double bonded groups also significantly affect the optical gap, while single bonded groups have a minimal influence. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Puzder, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 27 TC 263 Z9 266 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 097401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.097401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100066 PM 11864049 ER PT J AU Sales, BC Lumsden, MD Nagler, SE Mandrus, D Jin, R AF Sales, BC Lumsden, MD Nagler, SE Mandrus, D Jin, R TI Magnetic field enhancement of heat transport in the 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnet K2V3O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CUGEO3 AB The thermal conductivity and heat capacity of single crystals of the spin 1/2 quasi-2D Heisenberg antiferromagnet K2V3O8 have been measured from 1.9 to 300 K in magnetic fields from 0 to 8 T. The zero field thermal conductivity data are consistent with resonant scattering of phonons by magnons near the zone boundary. Application of a magnetic field greater than 1 T, however, produces a new magnetic ground state with substantial heat transport by long wavelength magnons. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sales, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 095901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.095901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100045 PM 11864028 ER PT J AU Sigman, J Norton, DP Christen, HM Fleming, PH Boatner, LA AF Sigman, J Norton, DP Christen, HM Fleming, PH Boatner, LA TI Antiferroelectric behavior in symmetric KNbO3/KTaO3 superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; KTA1-XNBXO3; TRANSITION; ABLATION; GROWTH; RANGE AB Antiferroelectric behavior is observed in artificially layered KTaO3/KNbO3 perovskite superlattices. While KTaO3 and KNbO3 are ferroelectric and paraelectric, respectively, the superlattice appears antiferroelectric based on an increase in the dielectric constant with applied dc bias. This dielectric behavior is inconsistent with the nonlinear response for either paraelectric or ferroelectric materials. However, an increase in the dielectric constant with applied electric field is consistent with antiferroelectric behavior. The antiferroelectric ordering appears to be induced by cation modulation imposed by the superlattice. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sigman, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, POB 116400, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469 NR 22 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 097601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.097601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100068 PM 11864051 ER PT J AU Zeller, GP McFarland, KS Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Frey, R Formaggio, JA Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Tzanov, M Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zimmerman, ED AF Zeller, GP McFarland, KS Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Frey, R Formaggio, JA Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Tzanov, M Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zimmerman, ED TI Precise determination of electroweak parameters in neutrino-nucleon scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CURRENTS AB The NuTeV Collaboration has extracted the electroweak parameter sin(2)theta(W) from the measurement of the ratios of neutral current to charged current nu and (ν) over bar cross sections. Our value, sin(2)theta(W)((on-shell)) = 0.2277 +/- 0.0013(stat) +/- 0.0009(syst), is 3 standard deviations above the standard model prediction. We also present a model independent analysis of the same data in terms of neutral-current quark couplings. C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Zeller, GP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 22 TC 470 Z9 471 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 091802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.091802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100012 PM 11863995 ER PT J AU Lorenz, JC Sterling, JL Schechter, DS Whigham, CL Jensen, JL AF Lorenz, JC Sterling, JL Schechter, DS Whigham, CL Jensen, JL TI Natural fractures in the Spraberry Formation, Midland basin, Texas: The effects of mechanical stratigraphy on fracture variability and reservoir behavior SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID STRESS AB Horizontal cores from sandstone-siltstone reservoirs in the Spraberry Formation (Midland basin, west Texas) have documented two systems of dramatically different yet dynamically compatible natural fractures, in reservoirs separated vertically by only 145 ft (44 m). Each system is capable of producing a different degree of the northeast-trending permeability anisotropy recognized in Spraberry reservoirs. One fracture system consists of two vertical fracture sets with an apparent conjugate geometry (striking north-northeast and east-northeast). The other system consists of evenly spaced, northeast-striking vertical fractures, nearly bisecting the acute angle of the first system. Although lithologically similar, differences in quartz-overgrowth and clay content in the layers resulted in a yield strength of the lower bed that is only half of that of the upper layer, producing different fracture systems in the two reservoirs despite their proximity. Such differences in the mechanical properties, due to variations in diagenetic and depositional histories of the strata, are probably widespread within the formation. They have the potential to cause significant vertical and lateral variation in the Spraberry fracture system across the basin. Low present-day in-situ stresses in the reservoirs allow the fractures to open, to become more conductive, and even to propagate, under very low injection pressures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Hydrol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. New Mexico Petr Recovery Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Pioneer Nat Resources, Midland, TX 79701 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Harold Vance Dept Petr Engn & Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lorenz, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 6116,Mail Stop 0750, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Jensen, Jerry/B-9525-2012; OI Jensen, Jerry/0000-0002-0353-8143 NR 46 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 86 IS 3 BP 505 EP 524 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 528VL UT WOS:000174264900009 ER PT J AU Corr, DJ Monteiro, PJM Bastacky, J AF Corr, DJ Monteiro, PJM Bastacky, J TI Microscopic characterization of ice morphology in entrained air voids SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE air entrainment; air void; cement paste ID TEMPERATURE AB In this paper the morphology of ice as it appears in the entrained air voids of hydrated portland cement paste is examined in detail. The main experimental technique employed in this work is the low-temperature scanning electron microscope, which allows for the imaging of frozen, hydrated, cement-paste specimens. Four main classes of cement-paste specimens were examined First, normal cement-paste specimens are examined when frozen after 4 days of moist curing. Herein, discrete ice crystals were seen growing from the air void wall, making an average contact angle of 91 degrees with the air void wall When bulk ice was observed in the air voids of these specimens, it appeared to be smooth in texture and without striations. Second, cement-paste specimens made with CaCl2 dissolved in the mixing water were examined to determine the effect of deicing salts used on concrete surfaces. For these specimens, striations were seen in the bulk ice found in the air voids, assumed to be eutectic lines that form when the discrete crystals grow together and coalesce. The third type of specimen is early hydration specimens, where normal cement-paste specimens were frozen after 4 h of hydration. Herein, ice crystals were seen to grow outside of the air void shell in the air void transition zone. These crystals pushed the air void shell out of their way, indicating the relative weakness and impermeability of the air void shell at 4 h of age, compared with the mature air voids in the first two sections. The last type of specimen is normal cement paste subjected to freezing-and-thawing cycles. After three freezing-and-thawing cycles, large hydration products were observed in the air voids; these hydrates could be significant enough in volume to affect the frost-protecting capacity of the air voids. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Corr, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Corr, David/B-6930-2009 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48333-9094 USA SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 99 IS 2 BP 190 EP 195 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 534QC UT WOS:000174596800010 ER PT J AU Bischof, CH Hovland, PD Norris, B AF Bischof, CH Hovland, PD Norris, B TI Implementation of automatic differentiation tools SO ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ACM/SIGPLAN Workshop on Partial Evaluation and Semantics-Based Program Manipulation (PEPM 02) CY JAN 14-15, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP ACM, SIGPLAN DE source transformation; intermediate representation AB Automatic differentiation is a semantic transformation that applies the rules of differential calculus to source code. It thus transforms a computer program that computes a mathematical function into a program that computes the function and its derivatives. Derivatives play an important role in a wide variety of scientific computing applications, including optimization, solution of nonlinear equations, sensitivity analysis, and nonlinear inverse problems. We describe a simple component architecture for developing tools for automatic differentiation and other mathematically oriented semantic transformations of scientific software. This architecture consists of a compiler-based, language-specific front-end for source transformation, loosely coupled with one or more language-independent "plug-in" transformation modules. The coupling mechanism between the front-end and transformation modules is provided by the XML Abstract Interface Form (XAIF). XAIF provides an abstract, language-independent representation of language constructs common in imperative languages, such as C and Fortran. We describe the use of this architecture in constructing tools for automatic differentiation of Fortran 77 and ANSI C, and we discuss how access to compiler optimization techniques can enable more efficient derivative augmentation. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Comp Sci, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bischof, CH (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Comp Sci, Seffenter Weg 23, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. EM bischof@sc.rwth-aachen.de; hovland@mcs.anl.gov; norris@mcs.anl.gov RI Bischof, Christian/D-2897-2009 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0362-1340 J9 ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES JI ACM Sigplan Not. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 3 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1145/509799.503047 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 544GE UT WOS:000175149200011 ER PT J AU Kim, CD Pillet, S Wu, G Fullagar, WK Coppens, P AF Kim, CD Pillet, S Wu, G Fullagar, WK Coppens, P TI Excited-state structure by time-resolved X-ray diffraction SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID BINUCLEAR PLATINUM(II); COMPLEXES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CRYSTALS; SPECTRA AB X-ray crystallography has traditionally been limited to the study of the ground-state structure of molecules and solids. Recent technical advances are removing this limitation as demonstrated here by a time-resolved stroboscopic study of the photo-induced 50 mus lifetime excited triplet state of the [Pt-2(pop)(4)](4-) ion [pop = pyrophosphate, (H2P2O5)(2-)], performed at helium temperatures with synchrotron radiation. The shortening of the Pt-Pt bond by 0.28 (9) Angstrom upon excitation is compatible with the proposed mechanism involving promotion of a Pt-Pt antibonding dsigma* electron to a weakly bonding p orbital. The contraction is accompanied by a 3degrees molecular rotation. The time-resolved diffraction technique described here is applicable to reversible light-driven processes in the crystalline solid state. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, SUNY X3 Beamline, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coppens, P (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 21 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD MAR PY 2002 VL 58 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1107/S0108767301017986 PN 2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 520RX UT WOS:000173796100002 PM 11832582 ER PT J AU Gertsman, VY AF Gertsman, VY TI On the auxiliary lattices and dislocation reactions at triple junctions SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID COINCIDENCE-SITE LATTICE AB Coincidence site and displacement shift complete lattices of triple junctions are analysed. Dislocation reactions at triple junctions are considered. It is shown that in alpha = 1 junctions no trapped residual triple-junction dislocation is geometrically necessary for dislocation transmission between adjoining grain boundaries. However, the situation is different for alpha not equal 1 triple junctions, where in some cases the residual dislocation cannot leave the triple junction for a grain boundary without generating a stacking-fault-like defect. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gertsman, VY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD MAR PY 2002 VL 58 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1107/S0108767301020219 PN 2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 520RX UT WOS:000173796100005 PM 11832585 ER PT J AU Zhong, SJ Dadarlat, VM Glaeser, RM Head-Gordon, T Downing, KH AF Zhong, SJ Dadarlat, VM Glaeser, RM Head-Gordon, T Downing, KH TI Modeling chemical bonding effects for protein electron crystallography: the transferable fragmental electrostatic potential (TFESP) method SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; DENSITY PARAMETERS; STEWART ATOMS; BACTERIORHODOPSIN AB This paper addresses the problem of determining the electrostatic potential of large proteins by the superposition of potentials calculated for small fragments. The use of different atomic and molecular fragments is considered for reproducing the molecular electrostatic potential of different conformations of N-acetylalanine methylamide (NAAMA) with an acceptable degree of error as measured by conventional R factors used in crystallographic structure refinement. Three different divisions of NAAMA are tested, producing fragments that incorporate increasingly more complete descriptions of molecular bonding with diminishing accuracy in geometric fit to the parent molecule: single atoms in molecules, bonded atoms in molecules and selected functional groups, such as the backbone peptide moiety, or the alpha-carbon, beta-carbon and their associated H atoms. In the resolution range 2.5-25 Angstrom, the fairly straightforward use of single atoms in molecules reduces the calculated R factors by 5-15% over a free-atom superposition. No significant further improvement was found at the lowest resolutions with a superposition of single bonds in molecules and R factors were found to degrade with larger fragments at higher resolutions because of poor geometry fits to the atoms of the parent molecule. Because the potential distribution even for single atoms depends on the environment, the best accuracy will be obtained by using a library of fragment potentials calculated for each type of atom as a function of important protein conformations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Downing, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 51487] NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD MAR PY 2002 VL 58 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1107/S0108767301020256 PN 2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 520RX UT WOS:000173796100006 PM 11832586 ER PT J AU Oldham, WJ Scott, BL Abney, KD Smith, WH Costa, DA AF Oldham, WJ Scott, BL Abney, KD Smith, WH Costa, DA TI Chloroheptakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)-uranium(IV) trichloride SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID METAL SULFOXIDE COMPLEXES AB In the title complex, [UCl(C2H6OS)(7)]Cl-3, the uranium metal center is coordinated in a distorted bicapped trigonal prism geometry by seven O atoms from dimethyl sulfoxide ligands and by a terminal chloride ligand. Charge balance is maintained by three outer-sphere chloride ions per uranium(IV) metal center. Principle bond lengths include U-O 2.391 (2)-2.315 (2) Angstrom, U-Cl 2.7207 (9) Angstrom, and average S-O 1.540 (5) Angstrom. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oldham, WJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NMT-15,MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 58 BP M139 EP m140 DI 10.1107/S0108270101020492 PN 3 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 529YK UT WOS:000174328700008 PM 11870280 ER PT J AU Dauter, Z Dauter, M Dodson, E AF Dauter, Z Dauter, M Dodson, E TI Jolly SAD SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS SCATTERING DATA; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; ISOMORPHOUS REPLACEMENT; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; PHASE; REFINEMENT AB Examples of phasing macromolecular crystal structures based on single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) show that this approach is more powerful and may have more general application in structural biology than was anticipated. Better data-collection facilities and cryogenic techniques, coupled with powerful programs for data processing, phasing, density modification and automatic model building, means that the SAD approach may gain wide popularity owing to its simplicity, less stringent wavelength requirements and faster data collection and phasing than the multi-wavelength (MAD) approach. It can be performed at any wavelength where anomalous scattering can be observed, in many cases using laboratory X-ray sources. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, SAIC Intramural Res Support Program, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Dauter, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Bldg 725A-X9, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dauter@bnl.gov NR 62 TC 162 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 58 BP 494 EP 506 DI 10.1107/S090744490200118X PN 3 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 528CQ UT WOS:000174227200015 PM 11856836 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC Levitskaia, TG AF Bryan, JC Levitskaia, TG TI A tetra-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-12-crown-4 N,N-dimethylformamide inclusion complex SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAR PY 2002 VL 58 BP o240 EP o242 DI 10.1107/S1600536802002076 PN 3 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 525UC UT WOS:000174090000036 ER PT J AU Teramo, KA Schwartz, R Clemons, GK Widness, JA AF Teramo, KA Schwartz, R Clemons, GK Widness, JA TI Amniotic fluid erythropoietin concentrations differentiate between acute and chronic causes of fetal death SO ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE fetal death; amniotic fluid erythropoietin ID CORD BLOOD ERYTHROPOIETIN; IMMUNOREACTIVE ERYTHROPOIETIN; PLASMA ERYTHROPOIETIN; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; HYPOXIA; STILLBIRTHS; PREGNANCIES; SAMPLES; MARKERS; INFANTS AB Background, Increased fetal plasma erythropoietin concentration is an indicator of chronic fetal hypoxia. Amniotic fluid erythropoietin levels correlate highly significantly with fetal erythropoietin levels before labor. We studied AF erythropoietin levels after fetal death in order to determine whether this could differentiate between stillbirths from acute or chronic causes. Methods. Amniotic fluid was obtained after fetal death for erythropoietin measurement following fetal death in 21 pregnancies. Two of the pregnancies had twins, of which one infant was born alive. All 22 stillborn fetuses had an autopsy. None had malformations. Without prior knowledge of the results of the erythropoietin analyzes, the causes of fetal death were divided into acute, chronic or unknown groups. Results. Eight pregnancies had an acute cause of fetal death (e.g. cord complication or placental abruption), eight pregnancies had a chronic cause (intrauterine growth restriction or erythroblastosis) and in five pregnancies the cause of fetal death could not be determined. In all eight pregnancies with an acute cause of fetal death, AF erythropoietin levels were normal (<20 mU/mL). In contrast, six of the eight pregnancies with a chronic cause had AF erythropoietin levels above normal (range from 49.9 mU/mL to 391 mU/mL). In the five pregnancies with an unknown cause of fetal death, AF erythropoietin levels were normal in three and elevated in two. Conclusions. Elevated AF erythropoietin levels, identified after fetal death, suggest that the fetus died from a chronic hypoxic event, whereas normal AF erythropoietin levels suggest that the fetus died from an acute event. C1 Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland. Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Pediat, Providence, RI 02903 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Teramo, KA (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, POB 140, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL 46925]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 11343] NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-6349 J9 ACTA OBSTET GYN SCAN JI Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 IS 3 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.810310.x PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 538GM UT WOS:000174807100010 PM 11966482 ER PT J AU Chaloupka, JL Lafon, R Rudati, J Sheehy, B Agostini, P Kulander, KC DiMauro, LF AF Chaloupka, JL Lafon, R Rudati, J Sheehy, B Agostini, P Kulander, KC DiMauro, LF TI Electron energy spectra from the strong-field double-ionization of xenon SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Quantum Optics V Conference CY JUN 20-27, 2001 CL KOSCIELISKO, POLAND SP Ctr Theoret Phys, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys ID NONSEQUENTIAL DOUBLE-IONIZATION; STRONG LASER FIELDS; MULTIPHOTON DOUBLE-IONIZATION; ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; TUNNELING LIMIT; MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS; HELIUM; ATOMS; IONS; EMISSION AB The electron energy spectra correlated to the strong-field double-ionization of xenon are presented at three laser intensities. The double-ionization electrons are on average more energetic than those generated from single-ionization. This difference in energy is not manifested as a simple scaling to higher electron energies, but rather as a change in the shape of the spectra. This trend is observed at all intensities. Most notably, the comparison between single- and double-ionization spectra is very similar at low and high peak, laser intensities. This could imply that a sequential double-ionization process dominates at all intensities, even where the double ion yield is enhanced. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, SPAM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, TAMP, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chaloupka, JL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD MAR PY 2002 VL 101 IS 3 BP 337 EP 346 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 539PT UT WOS:000174880200004 ER PT J AU Giunta, RK Kent, MS Hall, JS Hammerand, ST Tallant, DR Garcia, MJ AF Giunta, RK Kent, MS Hall, JS Hammerand, ST Tallant, DR Garcia, MJ TI Film critic - Analyzing the dewetting dynamics of thin epoxy films. SO ADHESIVES AGE LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE FORCES C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Giunta, RK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERTEC PUBL CORP PRIMEDIA CO PI CHICAGO PA ONE I B M PLAZA, STE 2300, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0001-821X J9 ADHES AGE JI Adhes. Age PD MAR PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 32 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 536YX UT WOS:000174730400021 ER PT J AU John, RC Pelton, AD Young, AL Thompson, WT Wright, IG Besmann, TM AF John, RC Pelton, AD Young, AL Thompson, WT Wright, IG Besmann, TM TI Corrosion of metals in hot corrosive gases SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Providing reliable information on corrosion of metals and alloys in high-temperature gases is difficult because of the diversity of corrosive environments and the lack of standardization for corrosion data. The ASSET information system is being developed to address many of these challenges. C1 Shell Global Solut, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Ecole Polytech Montreal, CRCT, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Humberside Solut Ltd, Toronto, ON, Canada. Royal Mil Coll Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP John, RC (reprint author), Shell Global Solut, Houston, TX 77251 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 160 IS 3 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 529NK UT WOS:000174305400003 ER PT J AU Tranter, TJ Herbst, RS Todd, TA Olson, AL Eldredge, HB AF Tranter, TJ Herbst, RS Todd, TA Olson, AL Eldredge, HB TI Evaluation of ammonium molybdophosphate-polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) as a cesium selective sorbent for the removal of Cs-137 from acidic nuclear waste solutions SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ammonium molybdophosphate; polyacrylonitrile; cesium-137; nuclear waste; sorbent ID SILICOTITANATES AB Ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) immobilized on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is an engineered form of cesium selective sorbent material developed at the Czech Technical University in Prague. The selective cesium capacity of this inorganic ion exchange media was evaluated with simulated sodium bearing waste (SBW) and dissolved pilot plant calcine at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC). Equilibrium isotherms were obtained at 23degreesC and 50degreesC with 48-h equilibrium contact times. The equilibrium isotherms were of the 'favorable' type and showed asymptotic maximum cesium loading of approximately 8.7% by weight of dry AMP. Dynamic column tests were performed with similar feeds using a 1.5-cm(3) bed in an up-flow configuration. Complete breakthrough curves were generated at feed rates up to 100 bed volumes (BV) per hour and sorbent capacities were determined to be approximately 32 g Cs/kg AMP-PAN (dry) at 100% breakthrough. Stop flow data were also obtained from the column tests. These stop flow data, in conjunction with column rate data, imply that cesium mass transfer is predominately particle diffusion limited at feed rates below 40 BV/h. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lockheed Idaho Technol Co Inc, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83483 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem Engn, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Tranter, TJ (reprint author), Lockheed Idaho Technol Co Inc, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83483 USA. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016 OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950 NR 41 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 6 IS 2 BP 107 EP 121 AR PII S1093-0191(00)00073-3 DI 10.1016/S1093-0191(00)00073-3 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 533JM UT WOS:000174526200002 ER PT J AU Wu, YS Zhang, KN Ding, C Pruess, K Elmroth, E Bodvarsson, GS AF Wu, YS Zhang, KN Ding, C Pruess, K Elmroth, E Bodvarsson, GS TI An efficient parallel-computing method for modeling nonisothermal multiphase flow and multicomponent transport in porous and fractured media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE parallel computing; groundwater modeling; parallel reservoir simulation; multiphase flow; transport modeling ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; HEAT-FLOW; SIMULATION; FLUID AB This paper presents an efficient massively parallel scheme for modeling large-scale multiphase flow, multicomponent transport and heat transfer in porous and fractured reservoirs. The new scheme is implemented into a parallel version of the TOUGH2 code and the numerical performance is tested on a Cray T3E-900 (a distributed-memory parallel computer with 692 processors) and IBM RS/6000 SP (a distributed-memory parallel computer with 3328 processors), The efficiency and robustness of the parallel-computing algorithm are demonstrated by completing three over-million-cell simulations using site-specific data for site characterization. The first application is the development of a three-dimensional unsaturated zone numerical model simulating flow of moisture in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada: the second problem is the modeling of flow of moisture, gas, and heat at the same site. The third application is the study of flow-focusing phenomena through fractures for the same site, Simulation results show that the parallel-computing technique enhances modeling capability by several orders of magnitude in speedup of computing times for large-scale modeling studies. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yswu@lbl.gov RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 63 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 3 BP 243 EP 261 AR PII S0309-1708(02)00006-4 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00006-4 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 544TN UT WOS:000175177100001 ER PT J AU Rader, DJ Geller, AS Choi, SJ AF Rader, DJ Geller, AS Choi, SJ TI Particle deposition in parallel-plate reactors: Simultaneous diffusion and external forces SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAGNATION-POINT FLOW; SEMICONDUCTOR WAFERS; DUST PARTICLES; ROTATING-DISK; TRANSPORT; MODEL; FLUID; THERMOPHORESIS; EFFICIENCY; DISCHARGES AB Particle deposition resulting from uniform external forces and Brownian motion is modeled in a parallel-plate reactor geometry characteristic of a wide range of semiconductor process tools: uniform, isothermal, downward flow exiting a perforated-plate showerhead separated by a small gap from a parallel, circular wafer. Particle transport is modeled using a Eulerian approach neglecting particle inertia and interception. Particles are assumed to originate in a planar trap located between the plates, such as would result for particles released from a plasma-induced particle trap after plasma extinction. Flow between infinite parallel plates is described by an analytic quasi-one-dimensional creeping flow approximation, where the showerhead is treated as a porous plate. An analytic, integral expression for particle collection efficiency (fraction of particles that end up on the wafer) is derived as a function of four dimensionless parameters: the flow Reynolds number, a dimensionless trap height, a dimensionless particle drift velocity, and the particle Peclet number. Numerical quadrature is used to calculate particle collection efficiency in terms of the controlling dimensionless parameters for external forces, which either enhance or inhibit particle deposition. Example calculations of collection efficiency are also presented in dimensional terms for a representative set of process conditions. Strategies to reduce particle deposition include the use of a protective external force and manipulation of the trap to keep it as far from the wafer as possible. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Based Engn & Technol Ctr, Livermore, CA USA. RP Rader, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 251 EP 266 DI 10.1080/027868202753504425 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 529JM UT WOS:000174296400001 ER PT J AU Young, DA AF Young, DA TI A new space-time computer simulation method for human migration SO AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE migration; computer simulation; random walk; urban structures AB Migration is a universal but poorly understood human behavior, and new analytic tools for studying migration are badly needed. In this article, I describe a new computer simulation method for migrating human populations, which moves simulated human "actors" on a lattice of points according to simple probability rules. The method includes models of birth, death, crowding, and competition, as well as of migration. Simulations are developed for a number of specific problems, including migration into empty continents, the effect of competition and migration on the spatial distribution of populations, the effect of biased migration on urban population structure, and the distribution of city sizes determined by migration. Direct comparison of simulations with measured population distributions demonstrates the plausibility of the models. The simulations suggest that seemingly complex problems of human space-time population dynamics may be resolved into simple behavioral rules and that migration phenomena can be subjected to scientific analysis. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Young, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0002-7294 J9 AM ANTHROPOL JI Am. Anthropol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 138 EP 158 DI 10.1525/aa.2002.104.1.138 PG 21 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 536YR UT WOS:000174729900010 ER PT J AU West, JAA Williams, KJ Toskala, E Nishio, SJ Fleschner, CA Forman, HJ Buckpitt, AR Plopper, CG AF West, JAA Williams, KJ Toskala, E Nishio, SJ Fleschner, CA Forman, HJ Buckpitt, AR Plopper, CG TI Induction of tolerance to naphthalene in Clara cells is dependent on a stable phenotypic adaptation favoring maintenance of the glutathione pool SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE; EPITHELIAL L2 CELLS; PULMONARY; LUNG; MICE; RAT; CYTOCHROME-P-450; METABOLISM; OZONE; CYTOTOXICANTS AB Repeated exposures to the Clara cell cytotoxicant naphthalene (NA) result in target cell populations that become refractory to further injury. To determine whether tolerance occurs from specific adaptations favoring glutathione (GSH) resynthesis without broad shifts in cellular phenotype, mice were administered NA for 21 days. We found that gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) was induced in tolerant Clara cells by repeated exposures to NA. Treating tolerant mice with buthionine sulfoximine, a gamma-GCS inhibitor, eliminates resistance acquired by repeated exposures to NA. Broad phenotypic shifts were not present. Marker proteins of differentiation declined over the first 3 days in the development of tolerance, but returned to control levels at 14 and 21 days. Epithelial organizational structure and internal organelle composition in Clara cells from tolerant mice were similar compared to corn oil-treated controls, while subtle shifts in organelle distribution were present. We conclude that induction of gamma-GCS expression is coordinated with the development of NA tolerance, but induction of NA tolerance does not markedly alter Clara cell differentiation, epithelial organization, or organelle composition in bronchiolar epithelium. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP West, JAA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Dept, POB 969 MS 9951, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Forman, Henry Jay/0000-0001-5838-2791 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04699, ES04311, ES05511, ES05707, ES06700, F32 ES005707, P30 ES005707, P42 ES004699, R01 ES004311, R01 ES005511, R01 ES006700, R56 ES005511]; PHS HHS [WL07013] NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 160 IS 3 BP 1115 EP 1127 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64932-2 PG 13 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 528QU UT WOS:000174255100037 PM 11891208 ER PT J AU Christofidou-Solomidou, M Kennel, S Scherpereel, A Wiewrodt, R Solomides, CC Pietra, GG Murciano, JC Shah, SA Ischiropoulos, H Albeda, SM Muzykantov, VR AF Christofidou-Solomidou, M Kennel, S Scherpereel, A Wiewrodt, R Solomides, CC Pietra, GG Murciano, JC Shah, SA Ischiropoulos, H Albeda, SM Muzykantov, VR TI Vascular immunotargeting of glucose oxidase to the endothelial antigens induces distinct forms of oxidant acute lung injury - Targeting to thrombomodulin, but not to PECAM-1, causes pulmonary thrombosis and neutrophil transmigration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; IN-VIVO; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; FIBRIN DEPOSITION; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; ORGAN FAILURE; MURINE MODEL; OLEIC-ACID AB oxidative endothelial stress, leukocyte transmigration, and pulmonary thrombosis are important pathological factors in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Vascular immunotargeting of the H2O2-generating enzyme glucose oxidase (GOX) to the pulmonary endothelium causes an acute oxidative lung Injury in mice.(1) in the present study we compared the pulmonary thrombosis and leukocyte transmigration caused by GOX targeting to the endothelial antigens platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) and thrombomodulin (TM). Both anti-PECAM and anti-TM delivered similar amouints of I-125-GOX to the lungs and caused a dose-dependent, tissue-selective lung injury manifested within 2 to 4 hours by high lethality, vascular congestion, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) sequestration in the pulmonary vasculature, severe pulmonary edema, and tissue oxidation, yet at an equal dose, anti-TM/GOX inflicted more severe lung injury than anti-PECAM/GOX. Moreover, anti-TM/GOX-induced injury was accompanied by PMN transmigration in the alveolar space, whereas anti-PECAM/GOX-induced Injury was accompanied by PMN degranulation within vascular lumen without PAIN transmigration, likely because of PECAM blockage. Anti-TM/GOX caused markedly more severe pulmonary thrombosis than anti-PECA/GOX, likely because of TM inhibition. These results indicate that blocking of specific endothelial antigens by GOX immunotargeting modulates important pathological features of the lung injury initiated by local generation of H2O2 and that this approach provides specific and robust models of diverse variants of human ALI/ARDS in mice. In particular, anti-TM/GOX causes lung Injury combining oxidative, prothrombotic, and inflammatory components characteristic of the complex pathological picture seen in human AWARDS. C1 Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Inst Environm Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm Crit Care, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Childrens Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Muzykantov, VR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Inst Environm Med, 1 John Morgan Bldg,36th St & Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 62 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 160 IS 3 BP 1155 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64935-8 PG 15 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 528QU UT WOS:000174255100040 PM 11891211 ER PT J AU Shvartsman, SY Hagan, MP Yacoub, A Dent, P Wiley, HS Lauffenburger, DA AF Shvartsman, SY Hagan, MP Yacoub, A Dent, P Wiley, HS Lauffenburger, DA TI Autocrine loops with positive feedback enable context-dependent cell signaling SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mathematical model; epidermal growth factor receptor; ligand shedding; ionizing radiation; mitogen-activated protein kinase; cross-activation ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES; ALPHA-CONVERTING-ENZYME; EGF-RECEPTOR; CARCINOMA-CELLS; LIGAND-BINDING; ACTIVATION; PATHWAY; MEMBRANE; TRANSDUCTION AB We describe a mechanism for context-dependent cell signaling mediated by autocrine loops with positive feedback. We demonstrate that the composition of the extracellular medium can critically influence the intracellular signaling dynamics induced by extracellular stimuli. Specifically, in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) system, amplitude and duration of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation are modulated by the positive-feedback loop formed by the EGFR, the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway, and a ligand-releasing protease. The signaling response to a transient input is short-lived when most of the released ligand is lost to the cellular microenvironment by diffusion and/or interaction with an extracellular ligand-binding component. In contrast, the response is prolonged or persistent in a cell that is efficient in recapturing the endogenous ligand. To study functional capabilities of autocrine loops, we have developed a mathematical model that accounts for ligand release, transport, binding, and intracellular signaling. We find that context-dependent signaling arises as a result of dynamic interaction between the parts of an autocrine loop. Using the model, we can directly interpret experimental observations on context-dependent responses of autocrine cells to ionizing radiation. In human carcinoma cells, MAPK signaling patterns induced by a short pulse of ionizing radiation can be transient or sustained, depending on cell type and composition of the extracellular medium. On the basis of our model, we propose that autocrine loops in this, and potentially other, growth factor and cytokine systems may serve as modules for context-dependent cell signaling. C1 MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Div Bioengn & Environm Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Canc Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Lewis Sigler Inst Integrat Genom, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lauffenburger, DA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Div Bioengn & Environm Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 88906]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 52825]; NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM 20847] NR 74 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 282 IS 3 BP C545 EP C559 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 520WJ UT WOS:000173806200015 PM 11832340 ER PT J AU Hall, JE AF Hall, JE TI The promise of translational physiology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 APS, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hall, JE (reprint author), APS, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 282 IS 3 BP H803 EP H804 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 520JT UT WOS:000173779300002 PM 11834472 ER PT J AU Hirsch, RF AF Hirsch, RF TI ACS founders were analytical chemists, too SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Off BIol & Environm Res, Div Med Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Hirsch, RF (reprint author), US DOE, Off BIol & Environm Res, Div Med Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 5 BP 153A EP + PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 527LQ UT WOS:000174187900005 ER PT J AU Wei, W Xue, G Yeung, ES AF Wei, W Xue, G Yeung, ES TI One-step concentration of analytes based on dynamic change in pH in capillary zone electrophoresis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMPLIFIED SAMPLE STACKING; LARGE-VOLUME STACKING; PARTICULARLY BIOPOLYMERS; PHYSIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; FIELD AMPLIFICATION; MICROLITER SCALE; DILUTE SAMPLES; ANIONS AB A novel strategy for one-step concentration of analytes during capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented. A short platinum wire was inserted into the 75-mum-i.d. separation capillary. When a high voltage was applied for CE separation, a sharp pH gradient along the capillary was created dynamically by the electrolysis of water in the running, buffer. Concentration of a large volume of injected analytes was accomplished by the change in analyte charge due to the dynamic pH gradient Depending on the polarity of the applied potential and the direction of electroosmotic flow, either anions or cations can be concentrated. Several hundredfold concentration factors were achieved. Fluorescence imaging by a CCD camera was used to monitor 10 cm of the capillary near the platinum wire during the concentration process. The observations are consistent with a sweeping mechanism. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 5 BP 934 EP 940 DI 10.1021/ac015617t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 527LQ UT WOS:000174187900008 PM 11924995 ER PT J AU McLuckey, SA Wu, J Bundy, JL Stephenson, JL Hurst, GB AF McLuckey, SA Wu, J Bundy, JL Stephenson, JL Hurst, GB TI Oligonucleotide mixture, analysis via electrospray and ion/ion reactions in a quadrupole ion trap SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS; GAS-PHASE; MOLECULE REACTIONS; STATE REDUCTION; PCR PRODUCTS; ANIONS; CATIONS; COMPONENTS AB Electrospray ionization combined with ion/ion reactions in a quadrupole ion trap can be used for the direct analysis of oligonucleotide mixtures. Elements to the success of this approach include factors, related to ionization, ion/ion reactions, and mass analysis. This paper deals with issues regarding the ion polarity combination, viz., positive oligonucleotides/negative charge-transfer agent versus negative oligonucleotides/positive charge-transfer agent Anions derived from perfluorocarbons appear to be directly applicable to mixtures of positive ions derived from electrospray of oligonucleotides, in direct analogy with positive protein ions. Conditions for forming positive oligonueleotide ions devoid of adducts were more difficult to establish than for forming relatively clean negative oligonucleotide ions. A new approach for manipulating negative ion charge states in the ion trap is described and is based on use of the electric field of the positive charge-transfer agent for storage of high-mass negative ions formed during the ion/ion reaction period. Oxygen cations are shown to be acceptable for charge-state manipulation of mixed-base oligomers but induce fragmentation in polyadenylate homopolymers. Protonated isobutylene (C4H9+) on the other hand, is shown to induce significantly less fragmentation of polyadenylate homopolymers. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McLuckey, SA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Bundy, Jonathan/A-8647-2009; Stephenson, James/A-9262-2009; McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009; OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570; Hurst, Gregory/0000-0002-7650-8009 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R21-HG01887-01] NR 49 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 5 BP 976 EP 984 DI 10.1021/ac011015y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 527LQ UT WOS:000174187900013 PM 11925000 ER PT J AU Buranda, T Huang, JM Perez-Luna, VH Schreyer, B Sklar, LA Lopez, GP AF Buranda, T Huang, JM Perez-Luna, VH Schreyer, B Sklar, LA Lopez, GP TI Biomolecular recognition on well-characterized beads packed in microfluidic channels SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLOW-INJECTION; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SENSOR ARRAYS; POROUS-MEDIA; MODEL; ANTIBODIES; BIOSENSORS; BINDING; SYSTEM; STREPTAVIDIN AB We describe a new approach for the analysis of biomolecular recognition in microfluidic channels. The method involves real-time detection of soluble molecules binding to receptor-bearing microspheres, sequestered in affinity column format inside a microfluidic channel. Identification and quantitation of analytes occurs via direct fluorescence measurements or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). We establish a model system that detects the FLAG epitope. The assay can potentially detect subfemtomole quantities of antibody with a high signal-to. noise ratio and a large dynamic range spanning nearly 4 orders of magnitude in analyte concentration in microliter-to-submicroliter volumes of analyte fluid. Kinetic and equilibrium constants for the reaction of this receptor-ligand pair are obtained through modeling of kinetic responses of the affinity microcolumn and are consistent,with those obtained by flow cytometry. Because of the correlation between kinetic and equilibrium data obtained for the microcolumns, quantitative analysis can be done prior to the steady-state end point of the recognition reaction. This method has the promise of combining the utility of affinity chromatography with the advantage of direct, quantitative, and real-time analysis and the cost effectiveness of microanalytical devices. The approach has the potential to be generalized to a host of bioaffinity assay methods including analysis of protein complexes and molecular assembly and microsystem-based multianalyte determinations. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, NSF Ctr Micro Engineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Buranda, T (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, NSF Ctr Micro Engineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01315]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM60799-02] NR 71 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1149 EP + DI 10.1021/ac0109624 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 527LQ UT WOS:000174187900035 PM 11924977 ER PT J AU Link, DD Kingston, HM Havrilla, GJ Colletti, LP AF Link, DD Kingston, HM Havrilla, GJ Colletti, LP TI Development of microwave-assisted drying methods for sample preparation for dried spot micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE AB Although dried spot micro X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) is an effective analytical technique for trace elemental analysis, the sample preparation procedures currently used suffer from a number of drawbacks. These drawbacks include relatively long preparation times, lack of control of the sample preparation environment, and possibility of loss of volatile analytes during the drying process. Microwave-assisted drying offers several advantages for dried spot preparation, including control of the environment and minimized volatility because of the differences between microwave heating and conventional heating. A microwave-assisted drying technique has been evaluated for use in preparing dried spots for brace analysis. Two apparatus designs for microwave drying were constructed and tested using multielement standard solutions, a standard reference material, and a "real-world" semiconductor cleaning solution. Following microwave-assisted drying of these aqueous samples, the residues were redissolved and analyzed by ICPMS. Effective recovery was obtained using the microwave drying methods, demonstrating that the microwave drying apparatus and methods described here may be more efficient alternatives for dried spot sample preparation. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Link, DD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, MS 94-215,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1165 EP + DI 10.1021/ac010726t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 527LQ UT WOS:000174187900037 PM 11924979 ER PT J AU Wang, J Pumera, M Chatrathi, MP Escarpa, A Musameh, M Collins, G Mulchandani, A Lin, YH Olsen, K AF Wang, J Pumera, M Chatrathi, MP Escarpa, A Musameh, M Collins, G Mulchandani, A Lin, YH Olsen, K TI Single-channel microchip for fast screening and detailed identification of nitroaromatic explosives or organophosphate nerve agents SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROMACHINED ELECTROPHORESIS CHIPS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTORS; SEPARATION AB A single-channel chip-based analytical microsystem that allows rapid flow injection measurements of the total content of organic explosive or nerve agent compounds, as well as detailed micellar chromatographic identification of the individual ones, is described. The protocol involves repetitive rapid flow injection (screening) assays to provide a timely warning and alarm-and switching to the separation (fingerprint identification) mode only when harmful compounds are detected. While micellar electro-kinetic chromatography, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), is used for separating the neutral nitroaromatic explosive and nerve agent compounds, an operation without SDS leads to high-speed measurements of the "total" explosives or nerve agent content. Switching between the "flow injection" and "separation" modes is accomplished by rapidly exchanging the SDS-free and SDS-containing buffers in the separation channel. Amperometric detection was used for monitoring the separation. Key factors influencing the sample throughput, resolution, and sensitivity have been assessed and optimized. Assays rates of about 360 and 30/h can thus be realized for the "total" screening and "individual" measurements, respectively. Ultimately, such development will lead to the creation of a field-deployable microanalyzer and will enable transporting the forensic laboratory to the sample source. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM joewang@nmsu.edu RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Pumera, Martin/F-2724-2010; Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011; Mulchandani, Ashok/B-9692-2016; Escarpa, Alberto/N-2293-2016 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Pumera, Martin/0000-0001-5846-2951; Mulchandani, Ashok/0000-0002-2831-4154; Escarpa, Alberto/0000-0002-7302-0948 NR 12 TC 126 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1191 DI 10.1021/ac0111356 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 527LQ UT WOS:000174187900041 PM 11924983 ER PT J AU Fessler, A Smith, DL AF Fessler, A Smith, DL TI Parameter sensitivities in nuclear reaction cross-section calculations SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS; LEVEL DENSITIES AB The present work explores the relationships between measured neutron reaction data and the parameters of nuclear models used to calculate comparable results as well as to interpolate and extrapolate into domains where measurements are not feasible. In particular, dimensionless sensitivity parameters are exploited as a potential method for quantifying these relationships. A dimensionless sensitivity parameter is defined as the ratio of the fractional change in a calculated observable physical quantity to a specific fractional change of a selected nuclear model parameter. The basic approach is described and it is illustrated by considering several neutron activation reactions associated with stable isotopes of chromium. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 363 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(01)00044-5 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 498FR UT WOS:000172499600003 ER PT J AU Mihalczo, JT Lynn, JJ Taylor, JR Hansen, GE Pelowitz, DB AF Mihalczo, JT Lynn, JJ Taylor, JR Hansen, GE Pelowitz, DB TI Delayed critical ORNL unreflected uranium (93.20) metal sphere and the pure unreflected uranium (93.80) sphere critical mass SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB A spherical critical assembly of unreflected and unmoderated uranium (93.20 wt. % U-235) metal was assembled at the Oak Ridge Critical Experiments Facility in 1971. All the characteristics of this assembly are very accurately known: dimensions to +/- 0.0001 in, masses to +/- 0.01 g, isotopics, impurities, etc. Two spheres were assembled. The first was above delayed criticality and the second, after machining of the first, was slightly below delayed criticality. A variety of reactivity effects such as the influence of support structure, imperfections in the sphere. etc. were evaluated experimentally, where practical. The very accurate description of this sphere, as assembled, establishes it as an ideal benchmark for calculational methods and cross-section data files. In this regard, the accurate specification of one of these spheres for a Monte Carlo code input is included as an Appendix. In order to provide data for verification of one-dimensional, transport-theory calculations, these two spherical uranium metal assemblies were corrected to idealized spherical geometries. Either all imperfections in the sphere were evaluated experimentally or corrections were made based on previous measurements with GODIVA I at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The experimental configurations first were corrected to idealized spheres of pure uranium metal of the density and enrichment of these measurements. In order to compare the results of these experiments to the earlier idealized delayed critical sphere obtained from the GODIVA I experiments, these spheres were also corrected to an enrichment of 93.80 wt.% U-235 and density of 18.750 g U/cm(3) with no impurities. The estimates of the purely spherical critical masses of 93.20-wt. %-enriched uranium were 52.911+/-66 g (p = 18.765 g U/cm(3)) from the slightly supercritical configuration, and 52.956+/-64 g (p= 18.754 g U/cm(3)) from the slightly subcritical configuration. Correction to a pure uranium sphere of enrichment of 93.80 wt.% U-235 and density of 18.750 g U/cm(3) with no impurities yielded a critical mass of 52.42+/-0.07 kg which is in agreement with the value from the GODIVA I experiments, which is 52.30+/-0.16 kg. The uncertainty in the pure uranium sphere mass from the Oak Ridge experiments is considerably less than that from the GODIVA I experiments because the Oak Ridge spheres were more spherical with less structural material in close proximity to the sphere. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Mihalczo, JT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 525 EP 560 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(01)00062-7 PG 36 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 511HQ UT WOS:000173258900003 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, M Davison, BH AF Finkelstein, M Davison, BH TI Introduction to the proceedings of the Twenty-Third Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Finkelstein, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013 OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP III EP VII PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800001 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, S Boron, D AF Shoemaker, S Boron, D TI Advances in biomass production and processing SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Shoemaker, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800002 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Mets, L Greenbaum, E AF Lee, JW Mets, L Greenbaum, E TI Improvement of photosynthetic CO2 fixation at high light intensity through reduction of chlorophyll antenna size SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE photosynthesis; photosynthetic efficiency; chlorophyll antenna site; CO2 fixation; photoinhibition resistance; Chlamydomonas mutant ID CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; TUBULAR PHOTOBIOREACTOR; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; MICROALGAL CULTURES; MASS CULTIVATION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CORE ANTENNA; FLAT-PLATE; PRODUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE AB At elevated light intensities (greater than similar to200 muE/[m(2.)s]), the kinetic imbalance between the rate of photon excitation and thermally activated electron transport results in saturation of the rate of photosynthesis. Since maximum terrestrial solar radiation can reach 200 muE/(m2.s), a significant opportunity exists to improve photosynthetic efficiency at elevated light intensities by achieving a kinetic balance between photon excitation and electron transport, especially in designed large-scale photosynthetic reactors in which a low-cost and efficient biomass production system is desired. One such strategy is a reduction in chlorophyll (chl) antenna size in relation to the reaction center that it serves. In this article, we report recent progress in this area of research. Light-saturation studies for CO2 fixation were performed on an antenna-deficient mutant of Chlamydomonas (DS521) and the wild type (DES15) with 700 ppm of CO2 in air. The light-saturated rate for CO2 assimilation in the mutant DS521 was about two times higher (187 mumol/ [h(.)mg of chl]) than that of the wild type, DES15 (95 mumol/[h(.)mg of chl]). Significantly, a partial linearization of the light-saturation curve was also observed. These results confirmed that DS521 has a smaller relative chl antenna size and demonstrated that reduction of relative antenna size can improve the overall efficiency of photon utilization at higher light intensities. The antenna-deficient mutant DS521 can provide significant resistance to photoinhibition, in addition to improvement in the overall efficiency of CO2 fixation at high light. The experimental data reported herein support the idea that reduction in chl antenna size could have significant implications for both fundamental understanding of photosynthesis and potential application to improve photosynthetic CO2 fixation efficiency. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Greenbaum, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:37 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800005 PM 12018264 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Tucker, MP Nguyen, QA AF Kim, KH Tucker, MP Nguyen, QA TI Effects of operating parameters on countercurrent extraction of hemicellulosic sugars from pretreated softwood SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE continuous countercurrent extraction; hemicellulosic sugars; softwood; pretreatment; two-stage dilute-acid hydrolysis ID SWEET SORGHUM; DIFFUSER AB In a previous study using a continuous countercurrent screw extractor for two-stage dilute-acid hydrolysis, which was focused on the effects of liquid-to-insoluble solids (L/IS) ratio, we demonstrated that by using low volumes of wash water soluble sugars can be recovered from first-stage pretreated softwood at high yields and also at high sugar concentrations. In this study, we investigated the effects of important operating parameters other than the L/IS ratio, such as the feed rates of water and pretreated biomass and the extractor inclined angle, on the performance of the extractor using first-stage pretreated softwood. As biomass and water feed rates increased at the same L/IS ratio, the recovery yield of soluble sugars decreased, probably owing to a reduced solids residence time in the extractor, which is related to the solid/liquid contact time. The sugar recovery yield was higher at a higher extractor inclined angle. This may be attributed to the effects of increased back mixing and a longer residence time for solids at a higher extractor angle. Countercurrent extraction was also carried out with other pretreated biomass having smaller particle sizes and poor drainage rates. The countercurrent screw extractor was found to be unsuitable for these fine materials due to the slow liquid drainage rate and filter-clogging problems. In a test for stability of soluble sugars in first-stage softwood hydrolysate, irrespective of the storage temperature and storage form, the sugar concentration slowly decreased with storage time. However, storage in slurry form showed higher sugar stability compared with that in liquor form at the same conditions. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nguyen, QA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Kim, Kyoung Heon/F-1059-2013 OI Kim, Kyoung Heon/0000-0003-4600-8668 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:147 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800014 PM 12018244 ER PT J AU Van Ooteghem, SA Beer, SK Yue, PC AF Van Ooteghem, SA Beer, SK Yue, PC TI Hydrogen production by the thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE Thermotogales; Thermotoga neapolitana; hydrogen generation; microaerophiles ID HYPERTHERMOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS; ACID CYCLE; SP-NOV; EUBACTERIUM; GENUS AB Virtually all members of the order Thermotogales have demonstrated the ability to produce hydrogen; however, some members of this order produce considerably greater quantities than others. With one representative of this order, Thermotoga neapolitana, we have consistently obtained accumulation of 25-30% hydrogen with 12-15% carbon dioxide as the only other prominent product in the batch reaction. In contradistinction to information widely disseminated in the literature, we have also found that most members of this order tolerate and appear to utilize the moderate amounts of oxygen present in the gaseous phase of batch reactors (6-12%), with no apparent decrease in hydrogen production. Hydrogen accumulation has been widely reported to inhibit growth of Thermotogales. While this may be true at very high hydrogen tensions, we have observed log phase bacterial morphology (rods) even in the presence of 25-35% hydrogen concentrations. To maximize hydrogen production and minimize production of hydrogen sulfide, inorganic sulfur donors are avoided and the cysteine concentration in the medium is increased. We and others have demonstrated that different members of the order Thermotogales utilize a wide variety of feedstocks, including complex carbohydrates and proteins. Thus, it appears that organisms within this order have the potential to utilize a variety of organic wastes and to cost-effectively generate hydrogen. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Van Ooteghem, SA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Ctr, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 19 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 177 EP 189 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:177 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800017 PM 12018246 ER PT J AU McCarter, SL Adney, WS Vinzant, TB Jennings, E Eddy, FP Decker, SR Baker, JO Sakon, J Himmel, ME AF McCarter, SL Adney, WS Vinzant, TB Jennings, E Eddy, FP Decker, SR Baker, JO Sakon, J Himmel, ME TI Exploration of cellulose surface-binding properties of Acidothermus cellulolyticus Cel5A by site-specific mutagenesis SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE cellulase; endoglucanase; site-directed mutagenesis; Acidothermus cellulolyticus Cel5A ID TRICHODERMA-REESEI; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-I; RESIDUE MUTATIONS; CELLULASES; ADSORPTION; DOMAINS; ACID; PROTEINS; AFFINITY AB Understanding the interactions between cellulases and cellulosic substrates is critical to the development of an efficient artificial cellulase system for conversion of biomass to sugars. We directed specific mutations to the interactive surface of the Acidothermus cellulolyticus EI endoglucanase catalytic domain. The cellulose-binding domain is not translated in these mutants. Amino acid mutations were designed either to change the surface charge of the protein or to modify the potential for hydrogen bonding with cellulose. The relationship between cellulase-to-cellulose (Avicel PH101) binding and hydrolysis activity was determined for various groupings of mutations. While a significant increase in hydrolysis activity was not observed, certain clusters of residues did significantly alter substrate binding and some interesting correlations emerged. In the future, these observations may be used to aid the design of endoglucanases with improved performance on pretreated biomass. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Fuels & Chem Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Himmel, ME (reprint author), Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Fuels & Chem Div, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Sakon, Joshua/0000-0002-8373-969X NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:273 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800025 PM 12018255 ER PT J AU Gao, Q Zhang, M McMillan, JD Kompala, DS AF Gao, Q Zhang, M McMillan, JD Kompala, DS TI Characterization of heterologous and native enzyme activity profiles in metabolically engineered Zymomonas mobilis strains during batch fermentation of glucose and xylose mixtures SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE recombinant Zymomonas mobilis; xylose fermentation; enzyme analysis; ethanol; byproducts ID PATHWAY AB Zymomonas mobilis has been metabolically engineered to broaden its substrate utilization range to include D-xylose and L-arabinose. Both genomically integrated and plasmid-bearing Z. mobilis strains that are capable of fermenting the pentose D-xylose have been created by incorporating four genes: two genes encoding xylose utilization metabolic enzymes (xylA/xylB) and two genes encoding pentose phosphate pathway enzymes (talB/tktA). We have characterized the activities of the four newly introduced enzymes for xylose metabolism, along with those of three native glycolytic enzymes, in two different xylose-fermenting Z. mobilis strains. These strains were grown on glucose-xylose mixtures in computer-controlled fermentors. Samples were collected and analyzed to determine extracellular metabolite concentrations as well as the activities of several intracellular enzymes in the xylose and glucose uptake and catabolism pathways. These measurements provide new insights on the possible bottlenecks in the engineered metabolic pathways and suggest methods for further improving the efficiency of xylose fermentation. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Div Fuels & Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kompala, DS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 341 EP 355 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:341 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800031 PM 12018261 ER PT J AU Rignall, TR Baker, JO McCarter, SL Adney, WS Vinzant, TB Decker, SR Himmel, ME AF Rignall, TR Baker, JO McCarter, SL Adney, WS Vinzant, TB Decker, SR Himmel, ME TI Effect of single active-site cleft mutation on product specificity in a thermostable bacterial cellulase SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE Acidothermus cellulolyticus; endoglucanase; product specificity; saccharification; cellulose AB Mutation of a single active-site cleft tyrosyl residue to a glycyl residue significantly changes the mixture of products released from phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PSC) by EIcd, the catalytic domain of the endoglucanase-I from Acidothermus cellulolyticus. The percentage of glucose in the product stream is almost 40% greater for the Y245G mutant (and for an additional double mutant, Y245G/Q204A) than for the wild type enzyme. Comparisons of results for digestion PSC and of pretreated yellow poplar suggest that the observed shifts in product specificity are connected to the hydrolysis of a more easily digestible fraction of both substrates. A model is presented that relates the changes in product specificity to a mutation-driven shift in indexing of the polymeric substrate along the extended binding-site cleft. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Biotechnol Fuels & Chem Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Baker, JO (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Biotechnol Fuels & Chem Div, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 383 EP 394 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:383 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800035 PM 12018266 ER PT J AU Schell, DJ Saez, JC Hamilton, J Tholudur, A McMillan, JD AF Schell, DJ Saez, JC Hamilton, J Tholudur, A McMillan, JD TI Use of measurement uncertainty analysis to assess accuracy of carbon mass balance closure for a cellulase production process SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE cellulase; carbon mass balance; cellulose; uncertainty analysis; Trichoderma reesei ID BIOCHEMICAL REACTION SYSTEMS; LINEAR CONSTRAINT RELATIONS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; ERRORS; FERMENTATION; GROWTH AB Closing carbon mass balances is a critical and necessary step for verifying the performance of any conversion process. We developed a methodology for calculating carbon mass balance closures for a cellulase production process and then applied measurement uncertainty analysis to calculate 95% confidence limits to assess the accuracy of the results. Cellulase production experiments were conducted in 7-L fermentors using Trichoderma reesei grown on pure cellulose (Solka-floc), glucose, or lactose. All input and output carbon-containing streams were measured and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas was quantified using a mass spectrometer. On Solka-floc, carbon mass balances ranged from 90 to 100% closure for the first 48 h but increased to 101 to 135% closure from 72 h to the end of the cultivation at 168 h. Carbon mass balance closures for soluble sugar substrates ranged from 92 to 127% over the entire course of the cultivations. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for carbon mass balance closure were typically +/-11 to 12 percentage points after 48 h of cultivation. Many of the carbon mass balance results did not bracket 100% closure within the 95% CIs. These results suggest that measurement problems with the experimental or analytical methods may exist. This work shows that uncertainty analysis can be a useful diagnostic tool for identifying measurement problems in complex biochemical systems. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Covance Biotechnol Serv Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Schell, DJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 509 EP 523 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:509 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800046 PM 12018278 ER PT J AU Wolfrum, EJ Watt, AS AF Wolfrum, EJ Watt, AS TI Bioreactor design studies for a hydrogen-producing bacterium SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE synthesis gas; water-gas shift; mass transfer; Rubrivivax gelatinosus; hydrogen; carbon monoxide ID CARBON-MONOXIDE OXIDATION; RHODOCYCLUS-GELATINOSUS; SUBSTRATE; ACETATE; GROWTH AB Carbon monoxide (CO) can be metabolized by a number of microorganisms along with water to produce hydrogen (H-2) and carbon dioxide. National Renewable Energy Laboratory researchers have isolated a number of bacteria that perform this so-called water-gas shift reaction at ambient temperatures. We performed experiments to measure the rate of CO conversion and H-2 production in a trickle-bed reactor (TBR). The liquid recirculation rate and the reactor support material both affected the mass transfer coefficient, which controls the overall performance of the reactor. A simple reactor model taken from the literature was used to quantitatively compare the performance of the TBR geometry at two different size scales. Good agreement between the two reactor scales was obtained. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wolfrum, EJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Wolfrum, Edward/0000-0002-7361-8931 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 611 EP 625 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:611 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800054 PM 12018287 ER PT J AU Noah, KS Fox, SL Bruhn, DF Thompson, DN Bala, GA AF Noah, KS Fox, SL Bruhn, DF Thompson, DN Bala, GA TI Development of continuous surfactin production from potato process effluent by Bacillus subtilis in an airlift reactor SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE Bacillus subtilis; biosurfactant; surfactin; alternate feedstock; enhanced oil recovery ID RECOVERY AB The biosurfactant surfactin has the potential to aid in the recovery of subsurface organic contaminants (environmental remediation) or crude oils (oil recovery). However, high medium and purification costs limit its use in these high-volume applications. In previous work, we showed that surfactin can be produced from an inexpensive low-solids (LS) potato process effluent with minimal amendments or pretreatments. Previous research has also shown that 95% or more of the surfactin in Bacillus subtilis cultures can be recovered by foam fractionation. In this work, we present the results of research to integrate surfactin production with foam fractionation. Experiments were performed in an airlift reactor, with continuous collection of the foam through a tube at the top of the column. Preliminary results using both purified potato starch and unamended low-solids potato process effluent as substrates for surfactin production indicate that the process is oxygen limited and that recalcitrant indigenous bacteria in the potato process effluent may hamper continuous surfactin production. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Noah, KS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 803 EP 813 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:803 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800069 PM 12018303 ER PT J AU Mohagheghi, A Evans, K Chou, YC Zhang, M AF Mohagheghi, A Evans, K Chou, YC Zhang, M TI Cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose by genomic DNA-integrated xylose/arabinose fermenting strain of Zymomonas mobilis AX101 SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE recombinant Zymomonas; genomic integration; cofermentation; continuous fermentation; xylose; arabinose; ethanol productivity; acetic acid ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION AB Cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose is critical for complete bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural residues and herbaceous energy crops, to ethanol. We have previously developed a plasmid-bearing strain of Zymomonas mobilis (206C[pZB301]) capable of cofermenting glucose, xylose, and arabinose to ethanol. To enhance its genetic stability, several genomic DNA-integrated strains of Z. mobilis have been developed through the insertion of all seven genes necessay for xylose and arabinose fermentation into the Zymomonas genome. From all the integrants developed, four were selected for further evaluation. The integrants were tested for stability by repeated transfer in a nonselective medium (containing only glucose). Based on the stability test, one of the integrants (AX101) was selected for further evaluation. A series of batch and continuous fermentations was designed to evaluate the cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and L-arabinose with the strain AX101. The pH range of study was 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 at 30degreesC. The cofermentation process yield was about 84%, which is about the same as that of plasmid-bearing strain 206C(pZB301). Although cofermentation of all three sugars was achieved, there was a preferential order of sugar utilization: glucose first, then xylose, and arabinose last. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Div Fuels & Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mohagheghi, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Div Fuels & Chem, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 74 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 12 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 885 EP 898 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:885 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800076 PM 12018310 ER PT J AU Yamada, T Fatigati, MA Zhang, M AF Yamada, T Fatigati, MA Zhang, M TI Performance of immobilized Zymomonas mobilis 31821 (pZB5) on actual hydrolysates produced by arkenol technology SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec ID CROSS-LINKABLE RESIN; ETHANOL FERMENTATION AB By applying the Arkenol process using highly concentrated sulfuric acid, various biomass feedstocks, including cedar tree, rice straw, newspaper, and bagasse, were successfully processed and converted into glucose and xylose for fermentation usage in a flash fermentation reactor in which the performance of National Renewable Energy Laboratory's patented rec-Zymomonas mobilis 31821 (pZB5) after immobilization was investigated. The immobilization medium is a photocrosslinked resin made from polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols. Recombinant or rec-Z. mobilis used in the study has been shown to efficiently ferment glucose and xylose at a relatively high concentration (12-15%), that is a typical hydrolysate produced from cellulosic feedstocks. The application of immobilized rec-Z. mobilis and flash fermentation technology, together with concentrated acid technology producing a high concentration sugar solution, promises to speed the development of the cellulose-to-ethanol industry. C1 JGC, Bio Refinary Grp, New Business Dev Operat, Project Div 2,Nishi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2206001, Japan. Arkenol, Mission Viejo, CA USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Yamada, T (reprint author), JGC, Bio Refinary Grp, New Business Dev Operat, Project Div 2,Nishi Ku, 2-3-1 Minato Mirai, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2206001, Japan. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 899 EP 907 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:899 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800077 PM 12018312 ER PT J AU Gehrke, RJ Baker, JD Riddle, CL AF Gehrke, RJ Baker, JD Riddle, CL TI Feeding of the Th-232 levels from the decay of U-236 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Th-232 levels; (236) U decay; gamma-ray energies and emission probabilities AB Population of the 6(+) 332 keV level in Th-232 from the decay of U-236 was observed for the first time. The 49, 112, and 171 keV gamma-ray energies and relative intensities from the decay of U-236 were measured. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Gehrke, RJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Riddle, Catherine/0000-0002-9667-7707 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 56 IS 3 BP 567 EP 568 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00152-X PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 525FF UT WOS:000174057600012 PM 11922424 ER PT J AU Naidja, A Huang, PM Anderson, DW van Kessel, C AF Naidja, A Huang, PM Anderson, DW van Kessel, C TI Fourier transform infrared, UV-visible, and X-ray diffraction analyses of organic matter in humin, humic acid, and fulvic acid fractions in soil exposed to elevated CO2 and N fertilization SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE FT-IR; UV-visible; X-ray diffraction; soil organic matter; humic substances; elevated CO2 ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SUBSTANCES; SPECTRA AB FT-IR, UV-visible, and X-ray diffraction analyses were used to investigate the nature of organic matter in three fractions of soil humic substances (humin, HU; humic acid, HA; and fulvic acid, FA) extracted at a depth of 0-10 cm from the soil under rye grass (Lolium perenne) culture. FT-IR and XRD analyses showed that the extracted HAs still contained the clay matrix, but the extracted FAs, which were purified by adsorption-desorption from a macroreticular nonionic resin, were free from the clay mineral constituents. The data obtained in the present study shed more light on the chemical structure of the HU, HA, and FA fractions in the infrared absorption band region of 400-1000 cm(-1) where the assignments of bands are still lacking in the literature. The bands characteristic of organic functional groups, especially benzene rings and condensed aromatics, which were masked by the strong bands of the clay matrix in the HU and HA fractions, were clearly shown in the FA fraction, which was free from the clay mineral constituents. While the UV-sisible spectra of HAs and FAs were similar, the E-465/E-665 ratios of HAs were about three times lower than those of FAs. Amounts of carboxyl groups, determined by titration, were about four times higher in the FA than in the HA fraction, which is in agreement with the FT-IR analysis. The HU, HAs, and FAs fractions extracted from the soil under the same culture and exposed to elevated CO. levels (60 Pa pCO(2)) under different N fertilizer application rates (100 and 420 kg N/ha) were also studied. The results, show that there was no significant change in the spectra of HU, HAs, and FAs extracted from soils exposed to elevated CO2 for 2 years. In contrast, elevated CO2 combined with a high N fertilization rate resulted in a remarkable increase of the acidic OH groups of the FA. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Naidja, A (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 17 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 56 IS 3 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1366/0003702021954908 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 532RH UT WOS:000174488500008 ER PT J AU Haibach, FG Sanchez, A Floro, JA Niemczyk, TM AF Haibach, FG Sanchez, A Floro, JA Niemczyk, TM TI Extended spectral range surface-modified sol-gel coated infrared waveguide sensors SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE germanium; sol-gel film; aqueous solutions; FT-IR; waveguide; thin film ID ATTENUATED TOTAL-REFLECTION; SPECTROSCOPY C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Niemczyk, TM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 56 IS 3 BP 398 EP 400 DI 10.1366/0003702021954782 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 532RH UT WOS:000174488500019 ER PT J AU Zhou, JZ Tiedje, JM AF Zhou, JZ Tiedje, JM TI New DOE program expands dramatically beyond microbial Genomics SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Program Environm Microbial Genom, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US DOE, Biol & Environm Res Advisory Board, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD MAR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 3 BP 110 EP 111 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 530HY UT WOS:000174353300004 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Narayanan, VK Strauss, MA White, RL Becker, RH Pentericci, L Rix, HW AF Fan, XH Narayanan, VK Strauss, MA White, RL Becker, RH Pentericci, L Rix, HW TI Evolution of the ionizing background and the epoch of reionization from the spectra of z similar to 6 quasars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE intergalactic medium; quasars : absorption lines ID GUNN-PETERSON TROUGH; LYMAN-ALPHA FOREST; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; COSMOLOGICAL REIONIZATION; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; UNIVERSE; REDSHIFT; MODEL AB We study the process of cosmic reionization and estimate the ionizing background in the intergalactic medium (IGM) using the Lyman series absorption in the spectra of the four quasars at 5.7 < z < 6.3 discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We derive the redshift evolution of the ionizing background at high redshifts, using both semianalytic techniques and cosmological simulations to model the density fluctuations in the IGM. The existence of the complete Lyalpha Gunn-Peterson ( GP) trough in the spectrum of the z = 6.28 quasar SDSS 1030+0524 indicates a photoionization rate (Gamma(-12) in units of 10(-12) s(-1)) at z similar to 6 lower than 0.08, at least a factor of 6 smaller than the value at z similar to 3. The Lybeta and Lygamma GP troughs give an even stronger limit Gamma(-12) less than or similar to 0.02 due to their smaller oscillator strengths, indicating that the ionizing background in the IGM at z similar to 6 is more than 20 times lower than that at z 3. Meanwhile, the volume-averaged neutral hydrogen fraction increases from 10(-5) at z similar to 3 to greater than 10(-3) at z similar to 6. At this redshift, the mass-averaged neutral hydrogen fraction is larger than 1%; the mildly overdense regions (delta > 3) are still mostly neutral, and the comoving mean free path of ionizing photons is shorter than 8 Mpc. Comparison with simulations of cosmological reionization shows that the observed properties of the IGM at z similar to 6 are typical of those in the era at the end of the overlap stage of reionization when the individual H II regions merge. Thus z similar to 6 marks the end of the reionization epoch. The redshift of reionization constrains the small-scale power of the mass-density fluctuations and the star-forming efficiency of the first generation of objects. C1 Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69171 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 56 TC 454 Z9 456 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 123 IS 3 BP 1247 EP 1257 DI 10.1086/339030 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534KN UT WOS:000174585700008 ER PT J AU Benedict, GF Howell, DA Jorgensen, I Kenney, JDP Smith, BJ AF Benedict, GF Howell, DA Jorgensen, I Kenney, JDP Smith, BJ TI NGC 4314. IV. Photometry of star clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope: History of star formation in the vicinity of a nuclear ring SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 4314) galaxies : star clusters; galaxies : stellar content ID MERGER REMNANT NGC-7252; YOUNG GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ANTENNAE GALAXIES; RESONANCE RINGS; REGION; NGC-4314; WFPC2; DUST AB Using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFPC2 images, we have obtained U, B, V, I, and Halpha photometry for 76 star clusters in the nuclear star-forming ring of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 4314. These clusters are likely associated with an inner inner Lindblad resonance (IILR). The blue colors and Halpha emission for most of these clusters imply very young ages of 1-15 Myr. Age estimates based on several reddening-free parameters indicate that the present epoch of star formation has lasted at least 30 Myr. By estimating the masses of stars in the clusters and comparing with the Halpha luminosity, we conclude that a significant fraction of ongoing star formation in the nuclear ring of NGC 4314 occurs in clusters. The cluster masses identify these as young open clusters, not young globular clusters. Farther out in the galaxy, just exterior to the ring of young stars, previous ground-based observations revealed two symmetric stellar spiral arms that may be associated with an outer inner Lindblad resonance (OILR). With our HST data, we have revealed part of this structure and its colors in more detail. The spiral arm colors are consistent with stellar ages between 40 and 200 Myr. The age difference between the inner ring of young stars ( IILR) and the larger oval-like feature containing the blue arms ( OILR) supports an interpretation of the morphology of the nuclear region of NGC 4314 that requires a reservoir of gas that becomes more compact over time. We speculate that as the gas distribution becomes more centrally concentrated, it interacts with these two resonances. Each resonance triggers star formation, resulting in two distinct epochs of star formation. C1 Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Gemini N Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. RP Benedict, GF (reprint author), Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, RLM 15-308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 58 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 123 IS 3 BP 1411 EP 1432 DI 10.1086/338895 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534KN UT WOS:000174585700019 ER PT J AU Patience, J Ghez, AM Reid, IN Matthews, K AF Patience, J Ghez, AM Reid, IN Matthews, K TI A high angular resolution multiplicity survey of the open clusters alpha Persei and Praesepe SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE binaries : general; open clusters and associations : individual (alpha Persei, Praesepe) ID BINARY STAR-FORMATION; T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; SUBMILLIMETER CONTINUUM FLUX; INFRARED-TELESCOPE-FACILITY; ORION TRAPEZIUM CLUSTER; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; FORMING REGIONS AB Two hundred forty-two members of the Praesepe and alpha Persei clusters have been surveyed with high angular resolution 2.2 mum speckle imaging on the 3 m Infrared Telescope Facility, the 5 m Hale, and the 10 m Keck telescopes, along with direct imaging using the near-infrared camera (NICMOS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. The observed stars range in spectral type from B (similar to5 M(circle dot)) to early M(similar to0.5 M(circle dot)), with the majority of the targets more massive than similar to0.8 M(circle dot). The one quadruple and 39 binary systems detected encompass separations from 0."053 to 7."28; 28 of the systems are new detections, and there are nine candidate substellar companions. The results of the survey are used to test binary star formation and evolution scenarios and to investigate the effects of companion stars on X-ray emission and stellar rotation. The main results are as follows: 1. Over the projected separation range of 26 to 581 AU and magnitude differences of DeltaK < 4.0 (comparable to mass ratios q = M(sec)/M(prim) > 0.25), the companion-star fraction (CSF) for alpha Per is 0.09 +/- 0.03, and that for Praesepe is 0.10 +/- 0.03. This fraction is consistent with the field G dwarf value, implying that there is not a systematic decline in multiplicity with age at these separations on timescales of a few times 10(7) yr. The combination of previous spectroscopic work and the current cluster survey results in a cluster binary separation distribution that peaks at 4(-1.5)(+1) AU, a significantly smaller value than the peaks of both the field G dwarf and the nearby T Tauri distributions. If the field G dwarf distribution represents a superposition of distributions from the populations that contributed to the field, then the data imply that similar to30% of field binaries formed in dark clouds like the nearby T Tauri stars and the remaining similar to70% formed in denser regions. 2. An exploration of the binary star properties reveals a cluster CSF that increases with decreasing target mass, and a cluster mass ratio distribution that rises more sharply for higher mass stars but is independent of binary separation. These observational trends are consistent with several models of capture in small clusters and simulations of accretion following fragmentation in a cluster environment. Other types of capture and fragmentation are either inconsistent with these data or currently lack testable predictions. 3. Among the cluster A stars, there is a higher fraction of binaries in the subset with X-ray detections, consistent with the hypothesis that lower mass companions are the true source of X-ray emission. 4. Finally, in the younger cluster alpha Per, the rotational velocities for solar-type binaries with separations less than 60 AU are significantly higher than those of wider systems. This suggests that companions may critically affect the rotational evolution of young stars. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Patience, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, L-413,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM patience@igpp.ucllnl.org NR 110 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 123 IS 3 BP 1570 EP 1602 DI 10.1086/338431 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534KN UT WOS:000174585700031 ER PT J AU de Vries, WH Morganti, R Rottgering, HJA Vermeulen, R van Breugel, W Rengelink, R Jarvis, MJ AF de Vries, WH Morganti, R Rottgering, HJA Vermeulen, R van Breugel, W Rengelink, R Jarvis, MJ TI Deep Westerbork 1.4 GHz imaging of the Bootes field SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; radio continuum : galaxies; surveys ID RADIO-SOURCES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; SOURCE COUNTS; SKY SURVEY; GALAXIES; POPULATIONS; IMAGES; SAMPLE; AREA; VLA AB We present the results from our deep (16 x 12 hr) Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) observations of the approximately 7 deg(2) Bootes Deep Field, centered at 14(h)32(m)05.(s)75, 34degrees16/47."5 (J2000.0). Our survey consists of 42 discrete pointings, with enough overlap to ensure a uniform sensitivity across the entire field, with a limiting sensitivity of 28 muJy (1 sigma(rms)). The catalog contains 3172 distinct sources, of which 316 are resolved by the 13" x 27" beam. The Bootes field is part of the optical/near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy survey effort conducted at various institutions. The combination of these data sets and the deep nature of the radio observations will allow unique studies of a large range of topics including the redshift evolution of the luminosity function of radio sources, the K-z relation, the clustering environment of radio galaxies, the radio/far-infrared correlation for distant starbursts, and the nature of obscured radio-loud active galactic nuclei. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP de Vries, WH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 7000 East Ave,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 42 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 123 IS 3 BP 1784 EP 1800 DI 10.1086/338906 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534KN UT WOS:000174585700043 ER PT J AU Minniti, D Barbuy, B Hill, V Bica, E Ortolani, S Rich, RM Cook, KH Vandehei, T Renzini, A Pasquini, L Bennett, D AF Minniti, D Barbuy, B Hill, V Bica, E Ortolani, S Rich, RM Cook, KH Vandehei, T Renzini, A Pasquini, L Bennett, D TI VLT-UVES spectroscopy of a bulge giant magnified through microlensing: EROS-BLG-2000-5 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : bulge; abundances; gravitational lensing ID GALACTIC BULGE; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; EXTINCTION; GALAXY; EVENT; DUST AB High resolution spectra of a magnified bulge star were obtained at the 8 m Kueyen VLT-UT2 telescope with the UVES spectrograph. The source is a bulge giant of baseline magnitude V-EROS = 18.4, magnified to V approximate to 18.0. These data allow us to derive the stellar parameters of effective temperature Teff similar to 3800 K, gravity log g similar to 1.0, reddening E(B V) similar to 0.7, metallicity [Fe/H] similar to -0.3 and and [O/Fe] approximate to 0.0 for EROS-BLG-2000-5. The giant appears to be located in the far side of the bulge. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Astron, BR-01060970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santiago 22, Chile. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, Dept Astron, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Barbuy, B (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Astron, CP 3386, BR-01060970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. OI ORTOLANI, SERGIO/0000-0001-7939-5348 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 384 IS 3 BP 884 EP 889 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020111 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532AC UT WOS:000174448600017 ER PT J AU De Kool, M Becker, RH Gregg, MD White, RL Arav, N AF De Kool, M Becker, RH Gregg, MD White, RL Arav, N TI Intrinsic absorption in the QSO first J121442.3+280329 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; FE-II EMISSION; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; PARTIAL COVERAGE; ORION NEBULA; LINE SYSTEMS; QUASAR; BROAD; TELESCOPE; SPECTRUM AB This paper presents an analysis of a Keck HIRES spectrum of the QSO FIRST J121442.3+280329, covering the rest wavelength range from 2300 to 3500 Angstrom. The line of sight toward this quasar (QSO) contains an outflow giving rise to many blueshifted absorption lines. The outflow consists of material with a continuous range of velocities from -1200 to -2800 km s(-1). Significant substructure is present in the absorption line profiles. The spectrum is dominated by absorption lines of Mg II and the singly ionized iron group elements Fe II, Cr II, and Mn II, including absorption lines from excited levels with energies above 30,000 cm(-1) (similar to4 eV). We derive constraints on the physical conditions in the outflow by fitting a model to the observed spectrum that simultaneously optimizes the values for the column densities of all species, the excitation temperature, the shape of the unabsorbed continuum, and the covering factor. By comparing these constraints with ionization models, we conclude that the ionization parameter, density, and column density of the outflow is characterized by -2.0 < log U < -0.7, 7.5 < log n(H) < 9.5, and 21.4 < log N-H < 22.2. These values place the absorbing outflow at a distance between 1 and 30 pc from the QSO core. C1 Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, RSAA, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP De Kool, M (reprint author), Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, RSAA, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1086/338490 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525BQ UT WOS:000174047700008 ER PT J AU Infante, L Strauss, MA Bahcall, NA Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Kim, RSJ Vogeley, MS Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, E Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Pier, JR York, DG AF Infante, L Strauss, MA Bahcall, NA Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Kim, RSJ Vogeley, MS Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, E Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Pier, JR York, DG TI The angular clustering of galaxy pairs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : interactions ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; SDSS COMMISSIONING DATA; COLD DARK-MATTER; REDSHIFT SURVEY; FAINT GALAXIES; COMPACT-GROUPS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; RICH CLUSTERS; LOOSE GROUPS AB We identify close pairs of galaxies from 278 deg(2) of Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning imaging data. The pairs are drawn from a sample of 330,041 galaxies with 18 < r* < 20. We determine the angular correlation function of galaxy pairs and find it to be stronger than the correlation function of single galaxies by a factor of 2.9 +/- 0.4. The two correlation functions have the same logarithmic slope of 0.77. We invert Limber's equation to estimate the three-dimensional correlation functions; we find clustering lengths of r(0) = 4.2 +/- 0.4 h(-1) Mpc for galaxies and 7.8 +/- 0.7 h(-1) Mpc for galaxy pairs. These results agree well with the global richness dependence of the correlation functions of galaxy systems. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Midori Ku, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 1 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1086/338424 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525BQ UT WOS:000174047700016 ER PT J AU Bottcher, M Fryer, CL Dermer, CD AF Bottcher, M Fryer, CL Dermer, CD TI Transient absorption features in gamma-ray bursts and their implications for gamma-ray burst progenitors SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : theory ID LINE EMISSION; SUPERNOVA-1987A; DISCOVERY AB The recent detection of a transient absorption feature in the prompt emission of GRB 990705 has sparked multiple attempts to fit this feature in terms of photoelectric absorption or resonance scattering out of the line of sight to the observer. However, the physical conditions required to reproduce the observed absorption feature turn out to be rather extreme compared to the predictions of current gamma-ray burst (GRB) progenitor models. In particular, strong clumping of ejecta from the GRB progenitor seems to be required. Using detailed three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of supernova explosions as a guideline, we have investigated the dynamics and structure of pre-GRB ejecta predicted in various GRB progenitor models. Based on our results, combined with population synthesis studies relevant to the He-merger model, we estimate the probability of observing X-ray absorption features as seen in GRB 990705 to <<1%. Alternatively, if the supranova model is capable of producing highly collimated, long-duration GRBs, it may be a more promising candidate to produce observable, transient X-ray absorption features. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bottcher, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS 108,6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 1 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.1086/338496 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525BQ UT WOS:000174047700041 ER PT J AU Hurley, K Berger, E Castro-Tirado, A Ceron, JMC Cline, T Feroci, M Frail, DA Frontera, F Masetti, N Guidorzi, C Montanari, E Hartmann, DH Henden, A Levine, SE Mazets, E Golenetskii, S Frederiks, D Morrison, G Oksanen, A Moilanen, M Park, HS Price, PA Prochaska, J Trombka, J Williams, G AF Hurley, K Berger, E Castro-Tirado, A Ceron, JMC Cline, T Feroci, M Frail, DA Frontera, F Masetti, N Guidorzi, C Montanari, E Hartmann, DH Henden, A Levine, SE Mazets, E Golenetskii, S Frederiks, D Morrison, G Oksanen, A Moilanen, M Park, HS Price, PA Prochaska, J Trombka, J Williams, G TI Afterglow upper limits for four short-duration, hard spectrum gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID X-RAY; BEPPOSAX; SPECTROMETER; EMISSION AB We present interplanetary network localization, spectral, and time history information for four short-duration, hard spectrum gamma-ray bursts, GRB 000607, GRB 001025B, GRB 001204, and GRB 010119. All of these events were followed up with sensitive radio and optical observations (the first and only such bursts to be followed up in the radio to date), but no detections were made, demonstrating that the short bursts do not have anomalously intense afterglows. We discuss the upper limits and show that the lack of observable counterparts is consistent with both the hypothesis that the afterglow behavior of the short bursts is like that of the long-duration bursts, many of which similarly have no detectable afterglows, as well as the hypothesis that the short bursts have no detectable afterglows at all. Small number statistics do not allow a clear choice between these alternatives, but given the present detection rates of various missions, we show that progress can be expected in the near future. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Real Inst, Cadiz 11110, Spain. Observ Armada, Secc Astron, Cadiz 11110, Spain. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. CNR, Ist Tecnol & Studio Radiaz Extraterr, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab 118, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Jyvaskylan Sirius Ry, Nyrola Observ, FIN-40100 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hurley, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Frederiks, Dmitry/C-7612-2014; Golenetskii, Sergey/B-3818-2015; OI Feroci, Marco/0000-0002-7617-3421; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Masetti, Nicola/0000-0001-9487-7740; Frederiks, Dmitry/0000-0002-1153-6340 NR 48 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 1 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1086/338420 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525BQ UT WOS:000174047700042 ER PT J AU Richards, GT Gregg, MD Becker, RH White, RL AF Richards, GT Gregg, MD Becker, RH White, RL TI FIRST 0747+2739: A FIRST/2MASS quasar with an overabundance of CIV absorption systems SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual (FIRST J074711.2+273904) ID C-IV ABSORPTION; INTRINSIC ABSORPTION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; 1ST SURVEY; LINE; QSOS; SPECTRA; ABSORBERS; EVOLUTION; EXTENSION AB We present a Keck Observatory/Echelle Spectrograph and Imager spectrum of FIRST 074711.2+273904, a K = 15.4 quasar with a redshift of 4.11 that is detected by both the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm (FIRST) survey and the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). The spectrum contains at least 14 independent C IV absorption systems longward of the Lyalpha forest. These systems are found over a path length of Deltaz = 0.984, constituting one of the highest densities per unit redshift of C IV absorption ever observed. One of the C IV systems is troughlike and resembles a weak broad absorption line (BAL)-type outflow. Two of the C IV are "associated" absorption systems with \v\ < 3000 km s(-1). Of the 11 remaining systems with v > 3000 km s(-1), eight are either resolved or require multiple discrete systems to fit the line profiles. In addition to C IV absorption, there are two low-ionization Mg II absorption systems, along with two damped Lyalpha systems, at least one of which may be a C IV system. The overdensity of C IV absorption spans a redshift range of Deltaz similar to 1. Superclusters along the line of sight are unlikely to cause an overdensity stretching over such a long redshift path; thus, the absorption may be an example of narrow, high-velocity intrinsic absorption that originates from the quasar. We suggest that this quasar is a member of a transitional class of BAL quasars, where we are just barely seeing the spatial, density, or temporal edge of the BAL-producing region (or period); the multiple high-velocity absorption systems may be the remnants (or precursors) of a stronger BAL outflow. If correct, then some simpler absorption-line complexes in other quasars may also be due to outflowing rather than to intervening material. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM gtr@astro.psu.edu; gregg@igpp.ucllnl.org; bob@igpp.ucllnl.org; rlw@stsci.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 1 BP L13 EP L17 DI 10.1086/339853 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525BT UT WOS:000174047900004 ER PT J AU Klimont, Z Streets, DG Gupta, S Cofala, J Fu, LX Ichikawa, Y AF Klimont, Z Streets, DG Gupta, S Cofala, J Fu, LX Ichikawa, Y TI Anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds in China SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution; non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC); emission inventory; emission scenarios; China provinces ID POLLUTANTS AB Inventories of emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) in China are reported for the years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, and 2020. For 1990 and 1995, historical activity data were assembled for more than 70 processes that lead to the release of NMVOC. Appropriate emission factors were developed, based on Western, Asian and Chinese experience. It is estimated that emissions were 11.1 Tg in 1990 and 13.1 Tg in 1995, principally from the combustion of biofuels and coal in small combustors. All emissions are presented at provincial level. Using appropriate growth factors derived from anticipated economic, population, and lifestyle changes, and factoring in regulatory changes and technology improvements, we estimate that emissions could grow to 15.6 Tg in 2000, 17.2 Tg in 2010, and 18.2 Tg in 2020. Though activity growth rates are much higher than these increases would imply, technology improvements mediate the increases. Emissions from solvent use, paint use, and transport become increasingly important as time goes on. The sectoral distribution and per capita level of China's emissions are compared with those of other countries. Finally, gridded NMVOC emission fields are presented at 1degrees x 1degrees resolution, and speciation of the emissions into 16 chemical types is reported. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Komae, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. RP Klimont, Z (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. RI Magana, Felipe/B-6966-2013; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; OI Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 47 TC 94 Z9 126 U1 8 U2 66 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1309 EP 1322 AR PII S1352-2310(01)00529-5 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00529-5 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 532ZT UT WOS:000174505500007 ER PT J AU Larson, DJ Nasstrom, JS AF Larson, DJ Nasstrom, JS TI Shared- and distributed-memory parallelization of a Lagrangian atmospheric dispersion model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE parallel processing; atmospheric dispersion; Lagrangian stochastic particle model; random walk model; OpenMP; MPI AB This paper describes parallelization of a 3-D Lagrangian stochastic atmospheric dispersion model using both distributed- and shared-memory methods. Shared-memory parallelism is implemented through the use of OpenMP compiler directives. Distributed-memory parallelism relies on the MPI message-passing library. One or both (using MPI for inter-node and OpenMP for intra-node communication) of the parallel modes can be used depending upon the requirements of the problem and the computational platform available. The distributed-memory version achieves a nearly linear decrease in execution time as the, number of processors is increased. As the number of particles per processor is lowered, performance is limited by the decrease in work per processor and by the need to produce one set of output files. The shared-memory version achieves a speedup factor of similar to 1.4 running on machines with four processors. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Larson, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Larson, David/0000-0003-0814-8555 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1559 EP 1564 AR PII s1352-2310(01)00540-4 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00540-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 535KF UT WOS:000174643200013 ER PT J AU Schuppner, SMH AF Schuppner, SMH TI The US nuclear future: DOE initiatives to advance nuclear energy in the United States SO ATW-INTERNATIONALE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KERNENERGIE LA English DT Article AB Also under the impact of the events on September 11, 2001, the United States regards long-term, reliable planning for the future structure of the country's energy supply an important activity to be addressed by all parties involved in politics, industry, and research. In the light of the existing resource situation, the importance of reliable energy supply, and the necessary, protection of the environment and the world climate, a balanced interaction is sought of energy, ecology, and economy. The special objectives pursued include increased efficiency in energy use and energy conservation, modernization of the infrastructure in the energy sector, and diversification of energy supply. The structure of the US power plant park and the expected increases in electricity consumption are likely to give rise to the need to add approximately 390,000 to 570,000 MW of new generating capacity over the next twenty years. In this connection. nuclear power is expected to play an important role as a safe, non-polluting, economic source of energy. The Department of Energy therefore also supports initiatives seeking to extend the licenses of existing nuclear power plants and to promote research and development of future 4th generation reactors in national and international programs. In addition, work is supported which deals, e.g., with matters of transmutation, the repository storage of radioactive residues, and the implementation of safeguards measures. C1 US DOE, Off Technol & Int Cooperat, Off Nucl Energy Sci & Technol, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Schuppner, SMH (reprint author), US DOE, Off Technol & Int Cooperat, Off Nucl Energy Sci & Technol, 19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU VERLAGSGRP HANDELSBLATT GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA POSTFACH 10 11 02, D-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 1431-5254 J9 ATW-INT Z KERNENERG JI ATW-Int. Zeit. Kernenerg. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 158 EP + PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 537UV UT WOS:000174778700003 ER PT J AU Ettinger, M AF Ettinger, M TI The complexity of comparing reaction systems SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB Motivation: As more genomic data becomes available there is increased attention on understanding the mechanisms encoded in the genome. New XML dialects like CellML and Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) are being developed to describe biological networks of all types. In the absence of detailed kinetic information for these networks, stoichiometric data is an especially valuable source of information. Network databases are the next logical step beyond storing purely genomic information. Just as comparison of entries in genomic databases has been a vital algorithmic problem through the course of the sequencing project, comparison of networks in network databases will be a crucial problem as we seek to integrate higher-order network knowledge. Results: We show that comparing the stoichiometric structure of two reactions systems is equivalent to the graph isomorphism problem. This is encouraging because graph isomorphism is, in practice, a tractable problem using heuristics. The analogous problem of searching for a subsystem of a reaction system is NP-complete. We also discuss heuristic issues in implementations for practical comparison of stoichiometric matrices. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ettinger, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 465 EP 469 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.3.465 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 536NH UT WOS:000174708500012 PM 11934746 ER PT J AU Mariella, R AF Mariella, R TI Special section, biomedical microtechnology at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Part 1) - A word from the guest section editor SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Microtechnol, Livermore, CA USA. RP Mariella, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Microtechnol, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD MAR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 53 EP 53 DI 10.1023/A:1014271813053 PG 1 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 588HT UT WOS:000177696600007 ER PT J AU Swierkowski, SP AF Swierkowski, SP TI A micromachined drop dispenser for biofluidics SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE microdrop; biofluidics; microchannels; PZT; actuator; nozzle; US patent no. 5,877,580 AB A micromachined drop dispenser for biofluidic applications has been fabricated and tested. It uses anisotropic etching of silicon and anodic bonding to pyrex wafers to form the flow channels, fluid wells, and nozzles. The ejected fluid comes from a fluid well that is externally compressed by a PZT bimorph that compresses a thin silicon membrane wall on the driven fluid well. This device design is amenable to arrays of dispensers although only one channel was fluid tested. It produced uniform droplets 150 mum in diameter. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Swierkowski, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD MAR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1023/A:1014223929891 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 588HT UT WOS:000177696600008 ER PT J AU Ciarlo, DR AF Ciarlo, DR TI Silicon nitride thin windows for biomedical microdevices SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE silicon nitride; thin windows; microfabrication AB We report on several years of experience with the design, fabrication and use of silicon nitride thin windows. The thickness used has ranged from 20 nm to several micrometers. The window area has ranged from an edge dimension of a few micrometers to a few centimeters. Using IC technology, these windows can be mass-produced in an efficient manner. Their tensile stress can be adjusted to range from 100 MPa to 1 GPa, and they can be patterned to contain holes and slots. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ciarlo, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD MAR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1023/A:1014275913962 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 588HT UT WOS:000177696600009 ER PT J AU Viamajala, S Peyton, BM Apel, WA Petersen, JN AF Viamajala, S Peyton, BM Apel, WA Petersen, JN TI Chromate reduction in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is an inducible process associated with anaerobic growth SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL CHROMIUM(VI) REDUCTION; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE STRAIN; PSEUDOMONAS-AMBIGUA G-1; HEXAVALENT-CHROMIUM; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; ENZYMATIC REDUCTION; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MEMBRANE; PHYSIOLOGY AB Cr(VI) reduction was observed during tests with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (previously named S. putrefaciens MR-1) while being grown with nitrate or fumarate as electron acceptor and lactate as electron donor. From the onset of anoxic growth on fumarate, we measured a gradual and progressive increase in the specific Cr(VI) reduction rate with incubation time until a maximum was reached at late exponential/early stationary phase. Under denitrifying conditions, the specific Cr(VI) reduction rate was inhibited by nitrite, which is produced during nitrate reduction. However, once nitrite was consumed, the specific reduction rate increased until a maximum was reached, again during the late exponential/early stationary phase. Thus, under both fumarate- and nitrate-reducing conditions, an increase in the specific Cr(VI) reduction rate was observed as the microorganisms transition from oxic to anoxic growth conditions, presumably as a result of induction of enzyme systems capable of reducing Cr(VI). Although Cr(VI) reduction has been studied in MR-1 and in other facultative bacteria under both oxic and anoxic conditions, a transition in specific reduction rates based on physiological conditions during growth is a novel finding. Such physiological responses provide information required for optimizing the operation of in situ systems for remediating groundwater contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides, especially those that are characterized by temporal variations in oxygen content. Moreover, such information may point the way to a better understanding of the cellular processes used by soil bacteria to accomplish Cr(VI) reduction. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, NSF IGERT Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Petersen, JN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, POB 642719, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Petersen, James/B-8924-2008; OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 NR 44 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 290 EP 295 DI 10.1021/bp0202968 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 540MF UT WOS:000174932200018 PM 11934298 ER PT J AU Cui, ZF Dykhuizen, RC Nerem, RM Sembanis, A AF Cui, ZF Dykhuizen, RC Nerem, RM Sembanis, A TI Modeling of cryopreservation of engineered tissues with one-dimensional geometry SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER; TEMPERATURES; TRANSPORT; CELLS AB Long-term storage of engineered bio-artificial tissues is required to ensure the off-the-shelf availability to clinicians due to their long production cycle. Cryopreservation is likely the choice for long-term preservation. Although the cryopreservation of cells is well established for many cell types, cryopreservation of tissues is far more complicated. Cells at different locations in the tissue could experience very different local environmental changes, i.e., the change of concentration of cryoprotecting chemicals (CPA) and temperature, during the addition/removal of CPA and cooling/warming, which leads to nonuniformity in cell survival in the tissue. This is due to the limitation of mass and heat transfer within the tissue. A specific aim of cryopreservation of tissue is to ensure a maximum recovery of cells and their functionality throughout a tissue. Cells at all locations should be protected adequately by the CPA and frozen at rates conducive to survival. It is hence highly desirable to know the cell transient and final states during cryopreservation within the whole tissue, which can be best studied by mathematical modeling. In this work, a model framework for cryopreservation of one-dimensional artificial tissues is developed on the basis of solving the coupled equations to describe the mass and heat transfer within the tissue and osmotic transport through the cell membrane. Using an artificial pancreas as an example, we carried out a simulation to examine the temperature history, cell volume, solute redistribution, and 'other state parameters during the freezing of the spherical heterogeneous construct (a single bead). It is found that the parameters affecting the mass transfer of CPA in tissue and through the cell membrane and the freezing rate play dominant roles in affecting the cell volume transient and extracellular ice formation. Thermal conductivity and extracellular ice formation kinetics, on the other hand, have little effect on cell transient and final states, as the heat transfer rate is much faster than mass diffusion. The outcome of such a model study can be used to evaluate the construct design on its survivability during cryopreservation and to select a cryopreservation protocol to achieve maximum cell survival. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England. Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cui, ZF (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 354 EP 361 DI 10.1021/bp0101886 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 540MF UT WOS:000174932200027 PM 11934307 ER PT J AU Huang, RY Miller, LM Carlson, CS Chance, MR AF Huang, RY Miller, LM Carlson, CS Chance, MR TI Characterization of bone mineral composition in the proximal tibia of cynomolgus monkeys: Effect of ovariectomy and nandrolone decanoate treatment SO BONE LA English DT Article DE ovariectomy; infrared microspectroscopy; bone mineral; nandrolone decanoate; postmenopausal osteoporosis; cynomolgus macaques ID FTIR MICROSPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; OSTEOPOROTIC BONE; DISEASE; ENVIRONMENT; PHOSPHATE; POROSITY; STRENGTH; DENSITY AB Like postmenopausal women, ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) experience accelerated loss of bone mass. Treatment of ovariectomized monkeys with nandrolone decanoate results in an increase in bone mass to levels comparable to those of intact animals. The changes in bone composition that occur with these treatments, however, are less well characterized. In the present study, we used synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (FT-IRM) and curve-fitting methods to monitor specific changes at cortical, subchondral, and trabecular bone regions in the proximal tibia. Four groups were studied: (1) sham-operated (sham); (2) ovariectomized and treated with placebo for 2 years (ovx); (3) ovx + nandrolone decanoate for 2 years (NAN); and (4) ovx + nandrolone decanoate beginning 1 year after ovx (dNAN). The results demonstrate that ovariectomy and nandrolone treatment did not affect the degree of mineralization as defined by the phosphate/protein ratio, but acid phosphate content (HPO42-) in cortical and subchondral bone was increased by ovariectomy, suggesting this bone to be less mature due to increased remodeling that occurs after ovariectomy. In the subchondral and cortical bone regions, ovariectomized monkeys showed a lower total carbonate content (CO32-/matrix ratio) than sham controls, specifically due to the decrease in labile carbonate content. In the trabecular region, no change of carbonate content was observed. Treatment with nandrolone decanoate was found to restore the loss in carbonate, where the resulting mineral had a larger quantity of type B carbonate. Finally, we correlated carbonate content with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements, and found a positive correlation between bone mineral density and type A carbonate in bone. which is stoichiometrically related to the amount of calcium in bone. Therefore, the results presented herein identify significant differences in bone chemistry after ovariectomy and nandrolone treatment, which may help explain previous findings that, although nandrolone decanoate treatment increased bone mass, it could not reverse the decrease in bone strength due to ovariectomy (Aerssens et al., Calcif Tissue Int 53:269-277; 1993). (Bone 30:492-497: 2002) (C) 2002 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Chance, MR (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Ullmann 315,1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. OI Huang, Raymond/0000-0001-7661-797X FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR01633, RR-14099] NR 33 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD MAR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 492 EP 497 AR PII S8756-3282(01)00691-3 DI 10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00691-3 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 529YP UT WOS:000174329100007 PM 11882463 ER PT J AU Akhtari, M Bryant, HC Marnelak, AN Flynn, ER Heller, L Shih, JJ Mandelkern, M Matlachov, A Ranken, DM Best, ED DiMauro, MA Lee, RR Sutherling, WW AF Akhtari, M Bryant, HC Marnelak, AN Flynn, ER Heller, L Shih, JJ Mandelkern, M Matlachov, A Ranken, DM Best, ED DiMauro, MA Lee, RR Sutherling, WW TI Conductivities of three-layer live human skull SO BRAIN TOPOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE live human skull; conductivity; magnetoencephalography; electroencephalography ID LANGUAGE-SPECIFIC CORTEX; REALISTIC HEAD MODELS; HUMAN AUDITORY-CORTEX; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; INTRACRANIAL LOCALIZATIONS; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; TONOTOPIC ORGANIZATION; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; IMPLANTED SOURCES AB Electrical conductivities of compact, spongiosum, and bulk layers of the live human skull were determined at varying frequencies and electric fields at room temperature using the four-electrode method. Current, at higher densities that occur in human cranium, was applied and withdrawn over the top and bottom surfaces of each sample and potential drop across different layers was measured. We used a model that considers variations in skull thicknesses to determine the conductivity of the tri-layer skull and its individual anatomical structures. The results indicate that the conductivities of the spongiform (16.2-41.1 milliS/m), the top compact (5.4-7.2 milliS/m) and lower compact (2.8-10.2 milliS/m) layers of the skull have significantly different and inhomogeneous conductivities. The conductivities of the skull layers are frequency dependent in the 10-90 Hz region and are non-ohmic in the 0.45-2.07 A/m(2) region. These current densities are much higher than those occurring in human brain. C1 Huntington Med Res Inst, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Neurosci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Huntington Mem Hosp, Epilepsy & Brain Mapping Program, Pasadena, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. VA Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Epilepsy & Brain Mapping Program, 10 Congress St,Suite 505, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR13276]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS20806] NR 83 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-0267 EI 1573-6792 J9 BRAIN TOPOGR JI Brain Topogr. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 151 EP 167 DI 10.1023/A:1014590923185 PG 17 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 542GC UT WOS:000175034300001 PM 12002346 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Guo, GC Ding, XT Wong, KL AF Liu, Y Guo, GC Ding, XT Wong, KL TI Effect of suprathermal electrons on central plasma relaxation oscillations during localized electron cyclotron heating on the HL-1M tokamak SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Technical-Committee-Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices (TCM/RUSFD) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL SAO PAULO, BRAZIL AB In this paper we discuss the typical behavior of HL-1M tokamak plasmas during ECRH. A large variety of sawtooth types have been observed at different ECH power deposition locations. The observed central MHD activities detected by the soft x-ray diode array include saturated sawtooth, partially saturated sawtooth, double sawtooth, and strong m=1 bursts superimposed on the ramp phase of sawtooth. Complete suppression of sawtooth is achieved during ECRH, when the heating power is applied on the high-field side of low-density plasmas, and exceeds a threshold value of power. The m=1 bursts riding on the ramp phase of sawtooth can only be excited when the ECRH location is near the q=1 surface at the high field side. The conditions under which the various relaxation activities are produced, or suppressed, are described. Experimental results imply that the energetic electrons, generated during ECRH, axe responsible for the modification or stabilization or excitation of the instability. Near the q=1 surface, while the passing electrons play a role to reduce the shear and tend to stabilize the sawtooth activity, the barely-trapped electrons play a role to enhance or drive an internal kink instability. C1 SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wong, KL (reprint author), SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1590/S0103-97332002000100022 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 538FC UT WOS:000174803400022 ER PT J AU Wilde, EW Berry, CJ Goli, MB AF Wilde, EW Berry, CJ Goli, MB TI Toxicity of gadolinium to some aquatic microbes SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Mississippi Valley State Univ, Itta Bena, MS 38941 USA. RP Wilde, EW (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 3 BP 420 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s00128-001-0271-z PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 523QT UT WOS:000173967000017 PM 11993819 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, RM Mohri, H Ho, DD Perelson, AS AF Ribeiro, RM Mohri, H Ho, DD Perelson, AS TI Modeling deuterated glucose labeling of T-lymphocytes SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1 INFECTION; CELL TURNOVER; KINETICS; DIVISION; CD4(+); HUMANS AB Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infects cells of the immune system and leads to depletion of CD4(+) T cells, and to an increase of CD8(+) T-lymphocytes. However., not much is known about the dynamics of turnover (proliferation and death) of the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations in HIV-infected and healthy individuals. A new experimental technique has been developed using deuterated-glucose labeling that provides information on cell turnover in vivo. However, the quantitative interpretation of the data requires the development of specific dynamic models. In this paper we derive two models, a simple one-compartment model and a more complex two-compartment model. These models allow for robust quantification of death and proliferation rates, but careful consideration of the system is necessary to understand what is being measured in each case. We demonstrate that more realistic models can account not only for differences in the turnover rates between HIV-infected and healthy individuals, but also take into consideration the elevated state of activation in HIV infection. The use of these models in the interpretation of the experimental data will increase our knowledge of T cell dynamics in the context of HIV infection. (C) 2002 Society for Mathematical Biology. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Ribeiro, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI40307, AI28433] NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 64 IS 2 BP 385 EP 405 DI 10.1006/bulm.2001.0282 PG 21 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 532XY UT WOS:000174501400008 PM 11926122 ER PT J AU Dickinson, RE Zebiak, SE Anderson, JL Blackmon, ML De Luca, C Hogan, TF Iredell, M Ji, M Rood, RB Suarez, MJ Taylor, KE AF Dickinson, RE Zebiak, SE Anderson, JL Blackmon, ML De Luca, C Hogan, TF Iredell, M Ji, M Rood, RB Suarez, MJ Taylor, KE TI How can we advance our weather and climate models as a community? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB An argument is made for greater emphasis on shared infrastructure and commonality in codes and data. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Int Res Inst Climate Predict, Palisades, NY USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Boulder, CO USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 221 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM robted@eas.gatech.edu RI Rood, Richard/C-5611-2008; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011 OI Rood, Richard/0000-0002-2310-4262; Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 83 IS 3 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0431:HCWAOW>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 537HC UT WOS:000174752000022 ER PT J AU Johnson, LR Nadeau, RM AF Johnson, LR Nadeau, RM TI Asperity model of an earthquake: Static problem SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SMALL REPEATING EARTHQUAKES; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; CRITICAL SLIP DISTANCE; STRESS TRANSFER; STRONG-MOTION; FAULT; PARKFIELD; CALIFORNIA; FRICTION; MICROEARTHQUAKES AB We develop an earthquake asperity model that explains previously determined empirical scaling relationships for repeating earthquakes along the San Andreas fault in central California. The model assumes that motion on the fault is resisted primarily by a patch of small strong asperities that interact with each other to increase the amount of displacement needed to cause failure. This asperity patch is surrounded by a much weaker fault that continually creeps in response to tectonic stress. Extending outward from the asperity patch into the creeping part of the fault is a shadow region where a displacement deficit exists. Starting with these basic concepts, together with the analytical solution for the exterior crack problem, the consideration of incremental changes in the size of the asperity patch leads to differential equations that can be solved to yield a complete static model of an earthquake. Equations for scalar seismic moment, the radius of the asperity patch, and the radius of the displacement shadow are all specified as functions of the displacement deficit that has accumulated on the asperity patch. The model predicts that the repeat time for earthquakes should be proportional to the scalar moment to the 1/6 power, which is in agreement with empirical results for repeating earthquakes. The model has two free parameters, a critical slip distance d(c) and a scaled radius of a single asperity (r) over tilde (o). Numerical values of 0.20 and 0.17 cm, respectively, for these two parameters will reproduce the empirical results, but this choice is not unique. Assuming that the asperity patches are distributed on the fault surface in a random fractal manner leads to a frequency-size distribution of earthquakes that agrees with the Gutenberg-Richter formula and a simple relationship between the h-value and the fractal dimension. We also show that the basic features of the theoretical model can be simulated with numerical calculations employing the boundary integral method. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Comput Seismol, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Comput Seismol, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 57 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 2 BP 672 EP 686 DI 10.1785/0120000282 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 547ER UT WOS:000175320500012 ER PT J AU Wiese, C Pierce, AJ Gauny, SS Jasin, M Kronenberg, A AF Wiese, C Pierce, AJ Gauny, SS Jasin, M Kronenberg, A TI Gene conversion is strongly induced in human cells by double-strand breaks and is modulated by the expression of BCL-x(L) SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; HOMOLOGY-DIRECTED REPAIR; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE; RECOMBINATION; APOPTOSIS; PROMOTES; LYMPHOMA; BCL-2; ELECTROPORATION AB Homology-directed repair (HDR) of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) contributes to the maintenance of genomic stability in rodent cells, and it has been assumed that HDR is of similar importance in DSB repair in human cells. However, some outcomes of homologous recombination can be deleterious, suggesting that factors exist to regulate HDR. We demonstrated previously that overexpression of BCL-2 or BCL-x(L) enhanced the frequency of X-ray-induced TK1 mutations, including loss of heterozygosity events presumed to arise by mitotic recombination. The present study was designed to test whether HDR is a prominent DSB repair pathway in human cells and to determine whether ectopic expression of BCL-x(L) affects HDR. Using TK6-neo cells, we find that a single DSB in an integrated HDR reporter stimulates gene conversion 40-50-fold, demonstrating efficient DSB repair by gene conversion in human cells. Significantly, DSB-induced gene conversion events are 3-4-fold more frequent in TK6 cells that stably overexpress the antiapoptotic protein BCL-X-L. Thus, HDR plays an important role in maintaining genomic integrity in human cells, and ectopic expression of BCL-x(L) enhances HDR of DSBs. This is the first study to highlight a function for BCL-x(L) in modulating DSB repair in human cells. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Cell Biol Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Wiese, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-1118, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 73966]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM54688] NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1283 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 530AP UT WOS:000174333700010 PM 11888891 ER PT J AU Bogen, KT Witschi, H AF Bogen, KT Witschi, H TI Lung tumors in A/J mice exposed to environmental tobacco smoke: estimated potency and implied human risk SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID NONSMOKING WOMEN; CELL-PROLIFERATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; SIDESTREAM SMOKE; PASSIVE SMOKING; CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENESIS; METAANALYSIS; MODEL AB Directly inhaled tobacco smoke is a recognized human lung carcinogen, and epidemiological studies suggest relative risks of about 1.2-1.4 for nonsmoking spouses of smokers typically exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). While many individual ETS components have been shown experimentally to induce lung tumors, ETS itself was only recently shown to induce lung tumors in a series of studies in which strain A/J mice were exposed to well-defined ETS atmospheres. Data from these studies indicate that ETS exposure clearly can increase combined malignant and benign lung tumors in multiple experiments involving male and female A/J mice, and thus provide convincing evidence that ETS is a positive mouse carcinogen. Tumorigenic potencies estimated from these A/J mouse bioassay data predict a corresponding range of increased human risk (0.2-0.5%) that overlaps that implied by case-control studies showing increased lung cancer risks in lifelong nonsmokers married to smokers. In A/J mice exposed to a significantly tumorigenic ETS concentration, lung tumors were found to be significantly smaller than those in corresponding control mice, and mice so exposed for 9 months had significantly fewer tumors/animal than mice exposed for 5 months followed by 4 months in filtered ETS-free air. These findings support hypotheses that ETS does not promote growth of spontaneous neoplastic foci in A/J mice, and that ETS-induced lung-tumor risk in A/J mice occurs predominantly by genotoxic effects that can be suppressed by reduced cell proliferation associated with chronic, high-level ETS exposure. The results obtained add to evidence that A/J mouse lung tumors induced by ETS provide a relevant biological model of ETS-induced human lung tumors. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div L 396, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ITEH, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bogen, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div L 396, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 07908, ES 05707, ES 07499] NR 97 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD MAR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1093/carcin/23.3.511 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 536PD UT WOS:000174710400017 PM 11895867 ER PT J AU Blagosklonny, MV Campisi, J Keyomarsi, K Medrano, EE AF Blagosklonny, Mikhail V. Campisi, Judith Keyomarsi, Khandan Medrano, Estela E. TI No Restriction Points in Life and Science SO CELL CYCLE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Blagosklonny, Mikhail V.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Blagosklonny, Mikhail V.] New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [Campisi, Judith] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keyomarsi, Khandan] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Medrano, Estela E.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Blagosklonny, MV (reprint author), New York Med Coll, Brander Canc Res Inst, Dept Med, 19 Bradhurst Ave, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. EM mikhailb@mail.nih.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1538-4101 EI 1551-4005 J9 CELL CYCLE JI Cell Cycle PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 100 EP 102 DI 10.4161/cc.1.2.107 PG 3 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V40PW UT WOS:000209491500001 PM 12429915 ER PT J AU Evans, JW Liu, DJ Tammaro, M AF Evans, JW Liu, DJ Tammaro, M TI From atomistic lattice-gas models for surface reactions to hydrodynamic reaction-diffusion equations SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ATTRACTIVE LATERAL INTERACTIONS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; FRONT PROPAGATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO OXIDATION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; PERCOLATION TRANSITIONS; PATTERN-FORMATION; TRACER DIFFUSION AB Atomistic lattice-gas models for surface reactions can accurately describe spatial correlations and ordering in chemisorbed layers due to adspecies interactions or due to limited mobility of some adspecies. The primary challenge in such modeling is to describe spatiotemporal behavior in the physically relevant "hydrodynamic" regime of rapid diffusion of (at least some) reactant adspecies. For such models, we discuss the development of exact reaction-diffusion equations (RDEs) describing mesoscale spatial pattern formation in surface reactions. Formulation and implementation of these RDEs requires detailed analysis of chemical diffusion in mixed reactant adlayers, as well as development of novel hybrid and parallel simulation techniques. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Phys, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 84 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1063/1.1450566 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 527JA UT WOS:000174181900016 ER PT J AU Kent, AJR Elliott, TR AF Kent, AJR Elliott, TR TI Melt inclusions from Marianas arc lavas: implications for the composition and formation of island arc magmas SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Melt Inclusions CY MAR 16-18, 2000 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE DE melt inclusion; Mariana; composition; formation; island arc magma ID TRACE-ELEMENT EVIDENCE; HIGH-FIELD STRENGTH; GLASS INCLUSIONS; MANTLE WEDGE; RARE-EARTH; GEOCHEMICAL VARIATIONS; NORTHERN MARIANAS; WESTERN PACIFIC; LOIHI-SEAMOUNT; VOLCANO ARCS AB We have measured the major and trace element compositions of a suite of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in basaltic lavas from the islands of Agrigan and Guguan (one sample each) from the Mariana arc, part of the larger Izu-Bonin-Mariana system. The two lava samples examined show distinctly different chemical signatures that are considered to represent the dominance of sediment melt (Agrigan) or fluid (Guguan) components derived from the subducting slab and transferred to the mantle wedge, and thus provide an opportunity to examine melt inclusions from both fluid- and sediment melt-dominated arc melting systems. Un-homogenized melt inclusions from both samples examined, as well as other lavas from the same islands, contain unusual subsilicic amphiboles as mineral inclusions within melt inclusions. Textural evidence, as well as the compositions of laboratory-melted inclusions, suggests that these amphiboles may have been present as an early-formed phenocryst phase and trapped alongside melt within inclusions. Major element compositions of homogenized melt inclusions vary substantially, and in pail are attributable to 'accumulative' amphibole contributions. Inclusions that appear to contain little or no amphibole component, however, typically have higher MgO and FeOT and lower CaO and Al2O3 contents than their host and associated lavas. Melt inclusions also display a large range of incompatible element abundances. Although the relative abundances of incompatible elements are generally consistent with the composition of lavas from Agrigan and Guguan, melt inclusion compositions are also substantially more variable than lava compositions from these islands. Melt inclusions from the two samples analyzed have Ba/La and [La/Sm](N) ratios (chemical indicators of addition of slab-fluid and slab-derived melt components, respectively) similar in magnitude to the entire field of Mariana lava compositions. In general inclusions from Agrigan have higher La/Nb, Th/Nb, U/Nb, [La/Sm](N), [La/Yb](N), K2O/TiO2 and lower Cl/K2O, Ba/La, Ba/Nb, Ba/Th and Ce/ Ce* than Guguan melt inclusions. These signatures are consistent with addition of slab-sediment-derived melt and slab-derived fluid to the melting systems beneath Agrigan and Guguan, respectively. We suggest that the large variations apparent in melt inclusion compositions largely represent differences in the flux of slab-derived components to the mantle wedge beneath individual arc melting systems, although small-scale variations in the depletion of the mantle wedge could also play a role. Our data also indicates that the composition of the slab-derived sediment melt supplied to the mantle wedge beneath Agrigan may be compositionally heterogeneous, although a larger data set is required to examine this in further detail. The presence of melt inclusions of highly variable composition in relatively evolved olivine phenocrysts (Fo(64)-Fo(83)) show that, regardless of the ultimate cause of the incompatible element variations in melt inclusions, discrete melts of distinctly different compositions persist without substantial intermixing within the magmatic plumbing systems beneath Agrigan and Guguan (and presumably other arc volcanoes) during long intervals of magmatic differentiation. This suggests a model of small batches of magma migrating and differentiating beneath arc volcanoes. with mixing occurring only at a very late and probably shallow stage. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab L 202, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. RP Kent, AJR (reprint author), Danish Lithospher Ctr, Oster Voldgade 10 L, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. NR 66 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 183 IS 1-4 BP 263 EP 286 AR PII S0009-2541(01)00378-3 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00378-3 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 529ZZ UT WOS:000174332300014 ER PT J AU Kendrick, BK Mead, CA Truhlar, DG AF Kendrick, BK Mead, CA Truhlar, DG TI Properties of nonadiabatic couplings and the generalized Born-Oppenheimer approximation SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; DIABATIC TRANSFORMATION ANGLE; LONGUET-HIGGINS PHASE; CONICAL INTERSECTION; MOLECULAR-SYSTEMS; DERIVATIVE COUPLINGS; IDENTICAL NUCLEI; GEOMETRIC PHASE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; VICINITY AB We present a new analysis of the nonadiabatic coupling terms in the coupled equations for nuclear motion wave functions when the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) representation is used for the electronic wave function. The new analysis leads to a criterion for truncating the series and neglecting terms in the coupled equations of motion. We show that in general the nonremovable part of the coupling is of the same magnitude as the removable part, except near intersections of the adiabatic states. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Kendrick, BK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-12,MS-B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015 OI Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294 NR 42 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 AR PII S0301-0104(02)00281-1 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(02)00281-1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 526PK UT WOS:000174138700004 ER PT J AU Balu, N Gamcsik, MP Colvin, ME Colvin, OM Dolan, ME Ludeman, SM AF Balu, N Gamcsik, MP Colvin, ME Colvin, OM Dolan, ME Ludeman, SM TI Modified guanines representing O-6-alkylation by the cyclophosphamide metabolites acrolein and chloroacetaldehyde: Synthesis, stability, and ab initio studies SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN O-6-ALKYLGUANINE-DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE; ALPHA,BETA-UNSATURATED CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; CONTINUUM-SOLVATION; INDUCED TOXICITY; ADDUCTS; DNA; DERIVATIVES; 4-HYDROXYCYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; MUTAGENICITY; MODEL AB Alkylation of DNA by acrolein and/or chloroacetaldehyde may result in the mutations that lead to the therapy-induced leukemia associated with cyclophosphamide (and ifosfamide) treatment. O-6-(n-Propanalyl)guanine (O-6-PAG) and O-6-(ethanalyl)guanine (O-6-EAG) were synthesized for use as authentic standards in investigations of DNA alkylation by acrolein and chloroacetaldehyde, respectively. Preparation of the O-methyl oximes of these aldehydes aided in confirming the structural assignments of O-6-PAG and 06-EAG. HPLC was used to study the stability of O-6-PAG under a variety of conditions. The decomposition of O-6-PAG was attributed to an alpha,beta-elimination reaction resulting in the formation of guanine and acrolein. In 0.1 M phosphate-DMSO (9:1), O-6-PAG (1-10 mM) had a half-life of approximately 1 h (pH 7.4, 37 degreesC). In 0.05 M Tris-DMSO (9:1), the apparent half-life of O-6-PAG (1-10 mM) was approximately 16 h (pH 7.4, 37 degreesC). The increased lifetime under the latter conditions was attributed to a reversible reaction between Tris and the aldehydic functionality of O-6-PAG to give a more stable oxazolidine. Under conditions similar to those that would be used for hydrolysis of DNA [0.1 M HCl-DMSO (98:2), pH 1.3, 70 degreesC, 30 min], there was an estimated 10-35% loss of O-6-PAG. Under the same conditions, 06-EAG had apparent half-lives of 6.6 h (phosphate-DMSO) and 2.5 days (Tris-DMSO) and the estimated loss at pH 1.3 over 30 min (70 degreesC) was 15-20%. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations were used to understand the energy factors that underlie the occurrence of O- versus N-alkylations as well as possible, subsequent intramolecular cyclizations. Simulations of the free energies of reactions between acrolein and guanine indicated that N-alkylation was favored over O-6-alkylation and that cyclizations to tautomers were most favorable if they involved the N-1 or NH2 positions. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Duke Comprehens Canc Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Chicago, Canc Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ludeman, SM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Duke Comprehens Canc Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA52857, CA57725, CA16783, CA68438, CA71627, CA692460] NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 380 EP 387 DI 10.1021/tx0101503 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 536AR UT WOS:000174679000013 PM 11896686 ER PT J AU de Persis, W Teyssandier, F McDaniel, A Allendorf, MD AF de Persis, W Teyssandier, F McDaniel, A Allendorf, MD TI The influence of carbon precursors,on the gas-phase chemistry of titanium carbide CVD SO CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION LA English DT Article DE carbon; kinetics; thermodynamics; titanium carbide ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURE REGIME; AROMATIC HYDROCARBON FORMATION; PYROCARBON DEPOSITION; KINETICS; METHANE; CL; PROPANE; SYSTEM; ETHANE AB The influence of carbon precursors, such as methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), and propane (C3H8), on the gas-phase chemistry of the Ti-C-CI-H system used to deposit titanium carbide (TiC) from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) was investigated by calculating the thermodynamic equilibrium and modeling rate equations from a proposed kinetic model. Differences in the resultant gas-phase chemistries for reactions under reduced pressure at 1500 K are discussed. Initial mixtures of TiCl4, H-2, and a hydrocarbon that produced identical equilibrium compositions were determined. Results for the Ti-C-Cl-H system for all three hydrocarbon precursors are compared to those of Ti-CI-H and C-H in order to further illustrate the differences in thermal stability of key constituents, as well as the extent of conversion. Regardless of which carbon precursor is present, species belonging to the Ti-Cl-H subsystem are near equilibrium within 5 s. Conversely, species emanating from CH4 decomposition in the Ti-C-Cl-H system are predicted to be far from equilibrium and unreactive with TiCl4- In contrast, the preponderant species under thermodynamic equilibrium, C2H2, provides a uniform source of carbon at any residence time. Finally, the stability Of C3H8 in the Ti-C-Cl-H system is significantly greater than in the C-H system. This greater stability is accompanied by a significant variation in the rate of by-product formation, suggesting that TiCl4 and its subchlorides effectively compete with C3H8 for important reactive intermediates. In the case Of C3H8, a reaction flow analysis was carried out identifying the three main reaction paths that are responsible for propane decomposition, the further links that appear between these paths, and how the paths vary over time. C1 CNRS, UPR 8521, Inst Sci & Genie Mat & Proced, F-66100 Perpignan, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Teyssandier, F (reprint author), CNRS, UPR 8521, Inst Sci & Genie Mat & Proced, F-66100 Perpignan, France. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0948-1907 J9 CHEM VAPOR DEPOS JI Chem. Vapor Depos. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 63 EP 73 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 530BE UT WOS:000174335100005 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZT Dai, S Blom, DA Shen, J AF Zhang, ZT Dai, S Blom, DA Shen, J TI Synthesis of ordered metallic nanowires inside ordered mesoporous materials through electroless deposition SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES; SILICA; MEMBRANES; SORBENTS; MCM-41; ARRAYS; GLASS; PORES AB A new method for synthesizing metallic nanowires with diameters in the range of 10-100 Angstrom has been reported. This methodology is based on a combination of electroless deposition and template synthesis using ordered mesoporous materials. High-density metallic nanowires of copper and nickel were obtained. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 36 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 965 EP + DI 10.1021/cm0115517 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 533MT UT WOS:000174534800007 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Benkstein, KD van de Lagemaat, J Frank, AJ AF Kim, KJ Benkstein, KD van de Lagemaat, J Frank, AJ TI Characteristics of low-temperature annealed TiO2 films deposited by precipitation from hydrolyzed TiCl4 solutions SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURED ZNO ELECTRODES; SOLAR-CELLS; OXIDE-FILMS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; DYE; RUTILE; SENSITIZATION; ANATASE; SURFACES AB The effect of annealing temperature on the properties of TiO2 films prepared from hydrolyzed TiCl4 solutions was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoelectro-chemical measurements. It is found that the amount of rutile in the TiO2 films increases from room temperature to 250 degreesC. Above 250 degreesC, the amount of crystalline rutile material did not change. Analysis of XRD data suggests that a noncrystalline phase is converted to the rutile phase of TiO2 by heat treatment of the films. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the size of the rutile crystallites increases with temperature from about 100 to 400 degreesC. The photocurrent and conversion efficiency of the cells improved substantially with annealing temperature. The higher photocurrent appears to correlate with the increased crystallinity of the film. The TiO2 material displayed a photochromic effect. C1 Korea Univ, Div Chem & Mol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), Korea Univ, Div Chem & Mol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RI van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012 NR 34 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1042 EP 1047 DI 10.1021/cm0106421 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 533MT UT WOS:000174534800018 ER PT J AU Grate, JW Moore, LK Janzen, DE Veltkamp, DJ Kaganove, S Drew, SM Mann, KR AF Grate, JW Moore, LK Janzen, DE Veltkamp, DJ Kaganove, S Drew, SM Mann, KR TI Steplike response behavior of a new vapochromic platinum complex observed with simultaneous acoustic wave sensor and optical reflectance measurements SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS; VAPORS; CRYSTAL; NI(SCN)(2)(4-PICOLINE)(4); SALTS; MASS AB We report the synthesis and characterization of a new vapochromic platinum compound, [Pt(CN-cyclododecyl)(4)][Pt(CN)(4)]. This compound is stable to 120 degreesC and reversibly sorbs three water molecules per formula unit at room temperature when it is exposed to 100% relative humidity. Dramatic changes in absorption and emission spectra are observed in response to water uptake. The vapor response characteristics of this material were further investigated by simultaneous optical reflectance and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements, using water as the test vapor. The sensing film on the QCM consisted of a mixture of the solid vapochromic powder dispersed in a hydrophobic vapor permeable polymer. The polymer was incorporated as a binder to adhere the sensing material to the QCM surface. Reflectance measurements were taken from the film on the QCM surface using a bifurcated fiber optic bundle incorporated into the flow cell. The vapor sorption characteristics of the vapochromic compound as determined by the QCM were closely correlated with the observed spectral changes. In addition, an unexpected steplike response with increasing water vapor concentration was observed, with little water vapor uptake at low concentrations, followed by a large water uptake with corresponding spectral changes, and then little change with further increases in water vapor concentration. Water vapor uptake as measured by the QCM is in agreement with the bulk gravimetric measurements. The response behavior is rapid (minutes) and reversible. The distinctly nonlinear, steplike response is interpreted as a reversible transition from a nonhydrated form of [Pt(CN-cyclododecyl)(4)][Pt(CN)(4)] to a hydrated form with three water molecules per formula unit. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Janzen, Daron/A-9600-2009; OI Janzen, Daron/0000-0002-5584-1961 NR 29 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1058 EP 1066 DI 10.1021/cm0104506 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 533MT UT WOS:000174534800021 ER PT J AU Li, LS Jia, QX Li, ADQ AF Li, LS Jia, QX Li, ADQ TI Effects of organic self-assembled polymer and metal phthalocyanine multilayers on the surface photovoltaic properties of indium tin oxide and titanium oxide SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURED TIO2 ELECTRODES; BENZOIC-ACID DERIVATIVES; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; WORK FUNCTION; SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; GAAS; DYE; CHEMISORPTION AB Using a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, we have deposited multilayers of nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (NiPc) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) onto indium tin oxide (ITO) and ITO/TiO2 substrates, respectively. To probe charge-transfer properties of these self-assembled multilayers on conductive and semiconductive surfaces, Kelvin probe and surface photovoltage measurements have been carried out. The results showed an oscillating behavior of the surface potential or work function (A(D) as the surface layer was alternated between PDDA and NiPc on both substrates with or without light. The average width of this surface potential oscillation was around 350 mV. These changes in surface potential, induced by self-assembled PDDA or NiPc, were due to the modulation of electron affinity rather than band bending at ITO surfaces. The photoinduced change in band bending (deltaDeltaV) however, has little correlation to the number of layers (PDDA or NiPc). C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MST, STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, ADQ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 38 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1159 EP 1165 DI 10.1021/cm010711b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 533MT UT WOS:000174534800033 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, AP Lind, C Young, RA Shastri, SD Lee, PL Nolas, GS AF Wilkinson, AP Lind, C Young, RA Shastri, SD Lee, PL Nolas, GS TI Preparation, transport properties, and structure analysis by resonant X-ray scattering of the type I clathrate Cs8Cd4Sn42 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GERMANIUM CLATHRATE; GE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SR8GA16GE30; DIFFRACTION; COMPOUND; TIN; SI AB Structural and transport properties of Cs8Cd4Sn42 are reported. Cs8Cd4Sn42 has a thermal conductivity that is unusually low for a crystalline solid (1 W m(-1) K-1 at room temperature). This low lattice thermal conductivity is associated with the rattling of cesium in the tetrakaidecahedral cavities, as indicated by the large atomic displacement parameters of Cs in the tretrakaidecahedra. Resonant X-ray powder diffraction measurements indicate that all of the cadmium is located on one of three inequivalent framework sites. There is no evidence for any framework vacancies in the material. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, SRI CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Wilkinson, AP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008; Lind, Cora/K-3595-2013 OI Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X; Lind, Cora/0000-0002-8138-3562 NR 43 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1300 EP 1305 DI 10.1021/cm0107880 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 533MT UT WOS:000174534800053 ER PT J AU Fujdala, KL Tilley, TD AF Fujdala, KL Tilley, TD TI New vanadium tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy complexes and their thermolytic conversions to vanadia-silica materials SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PROPANE OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; MOLECULAR PRECURSOR ROUTE; SITU RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SOL-GEL MATERIALS; OXIDE CATALYSTS; TRIALKOXYSILOXY COMPLEXES; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; NITROUS-OXIDE; METAL-OXIDES; METHANE AB The V(IV) alkoxysiloxy complexes ((BuO)-Bu-t)(3)VOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3) (1) and ((BuO)-Bu-t)(2)V[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](2) (2) were synthesized via the silanolysis of V((OBu)-Bu-t)(4) with I and 2 equiv of HOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3), respectively. Complexes 1 and 2 are efficient single-source molecular precursors to homogeneous V/Si/O materials via the thermolytic molecular precursor method. The thermal transformations of these complexes occurred at low temperatures (less than or equal to160 degreesC), via the elimination of isobutene as the major carbon-containing product. Thermolyses of 1 in the solid state and in solution (forming a xerogel in the latter case) yielded V/Si/O materials (VOSi1(ss) and VOSi1(xg), respectively) with low surface areas (30-40 m(2) g(-1)). After calcination at 400 degreesC in O-2, these materials exhibited powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns consistent with the presence Of V2O5. Similar thermolyses of 2 yielded V/Si/O materials (VOSi2(ss) and VOSi2(xg)) that exhibited higher surface areas (up to 170 and 70 m(2) g(-1), respectively) and V2O5 crystallite formation after calcination at 400 degreesC. Comparisons of VOSi1(xg) and VOSi2(xg) with a previously reported V/Si/O xerogel (VOSi3(xg)), generated from the V(V) precursor OV[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3), revealed interesting differences. Crystalline V2O5 was first observed in VOSi3(xg) after calcination at only 300 degreesC in O-2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and PXRD were used to determine that the average size of the V2O5 crystallites in the V/Si/O xerogels, after calcination at a given temperature, increased with increasing silicon content of the precursor and was highest for the V(V) tris(siloxide). The precursors containing vanadium in the lower oxidation state (IV) appear to initially provide more homogeneous V/Si/O materials. Higher Si content for the precursor leads to a greater surface area for the resultant material, but also to earlier phase separation during the calcination process. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 85 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1376 EP 1384 DI 10.1021/cm011524g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 533MT UT WOS:000174534800064 ER PT J AU Yao, ZH Yoder, GL Culbertson, CT Ramsey, JM AF Yao, ZH Yoder, GL Culbertson, CT Ramsey, JM TI Numerical simulation of dispersion generated by a 180 degrees turn in a microchannel SO CHINESE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE surface chemistry; molecular diffusion; numerical simulation; microchannel ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CONVECTION; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS AB A numerical scheme is developed to simulate electro-osmotic flow and mass transport in a microchannel which includes a 180degrees turn. The model has been used to predict the behaviour of electro-osmotically driven flows. The detailed structure of the flow field in a microchannel in combination with species mass diffusion can explain the concentration dispersion introduced by a 180degrees turn. The results of our simulations agree both qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental observation, It is demonstrated that an improved electro-osmotic force model could simulate the electrokinetically driven flow well without making detailed calculations of the electric charge density distribution within the electrical double layer. Additionally, because this model applies forces to the liquid as opposed to imposing local velocities, it should also be appropriate for use where pressure gradients exist in the flow field. C1 Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Engn Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yao, ZH (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-1963 J9 CHINESE PHYS JI Chin. Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 226 EP 232 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 532RC UT WOS:000174488000005 ER PT J AU Dyer, M Goldberg, LA Greenhill, C Istrate, G Jerrum, M AF Dyer, M Goldberg, LA Greenhill, C Istrate, G Jerrum, M TI Convergence of the iterated prisoner's dilemma game SO COMBINATORICS PROBABILITY & COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB We consider a stochastic process based on the iterated prisoner's dilemma game. During the game, each of n players has a state, either cooperate or defect. The players are connected by an 'interaction graph', During each step of the process, an edge of the graph is chosen uniformly at random and the states of the players connected by the edge are modified according to the Pavlov strategy. The process converges to a unique absorbing state in which all players cooperate. We prove two conjectures of Kittock: the convergence rate is exponential in n when the interaction graph is a complete graph, and it is polynomial in n when the interaction graph is a cycle. In fact, we show that the rate is O(n log n) in the latter case. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Comp, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Warwick, Dept Comp Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Melbourne, Dept Math & Stat, Parkville, Vic 3502, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div CIC3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Comp Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Dyer, M (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Comp, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. OI Dyer, Martin/0000-0002-2018-0374 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0963-5483 J9 COMB PROBAB COMPUT JI Comb. Probab. Comput. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 2 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1017/S096354830100503X PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 534CX UT WOS:000174568000003 ER PT J AU Buckley, SG Sawyer, RF Koshland, CP Lucas, D AF Buckley, SG Sawyer, RF Koshland, CP Lucas, D TI Measurements of lead vapor and particulate in flames and post-flame gases SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLE FORMATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; AEROSOL FORMATION; AIR-POLLUTION; INCINERATOR; LASER; FLUORESCENCE; DYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENTS AB We describe several laser fluorescence methods used to measure lead in flames and in post-flame gases. Each relies on excitation of the 7s P-3(1) <-- 6p(2) 3P(0) transition from the ground state of lead and detection of fluorescence on the 7s P-3(1) --> 6p(2) P-3(1) and 7S P-3(1) --> P-6(2) P-3(2) transitions. Aqueous solutions of lead salts are atomized and injected into a lean flatflame. Dye laser excitation is used to detect the formation of Pb atoms at the flame front, and to obtain a concentration profile in the post flame gases. Excimer laser fragmentation-fluorescence spectroscopy (ELFFS) is used to detect molecular gas-phase and aerosol compounds in the post-flame gases. A single-shot detection limit of 220 ppb for Pb species for the single-laser ELFFS technique has been determined in post-flame gases; the sensitivity of the technique is not seriously affected by the Pb species injected into the flame. A sharp rise in ELFFS Pb signal in the 600 to 750 K region from molecular and aerosol forms of Pb is attributed to homogenous nucleation of PbO. Two-laser fragmentation-fluorescence measurements with a variable delay time between photofragmentation and Pb atom detection indicate that chemical reactions may be an important removal step for Pb at elevated temperatures. (C) 2002 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Buckley, SG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Sawyer, Robert/B-5013-2014 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAR PY 2002 VL 128 IS 4 BP 435 EP 446 AR PII 0010-2180(01)00366-2 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00366-2 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 535ZD UT WOS:000174675500008 ER PT J AU Liau, YC Lyman, JL AF Liau, YC Lyman, JL TI Modeling laser-induced ignition of nitramine propellants with condensed and gas-phase absorption SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ignition; laser; explosive; model; HMX ID COMBUSTION; RDX AB A numerical analysis has been developed to study the laser-induced ignition of nitramine propellants with both condensed-phase and gas-phase absorption. The analysis is based on the time-dependent conservation equations of mass, energy, and species concentration in both the gas and condensed phases. A comprehensive chemical kinetics scheme involving 45 species and 232 steps is used to study the detailed heat-release mechanism in the gas phase. The analysis has been applied to investigate the ignition delay and key chemical processes involved in the laser-induced ignition of HMX monopropellant. Results show gas-phase absorption of laser energy enhances the ignition process, but reduces the dependency of ignition delay on the laser intensity. The process consists of inert heating, thermal decomposition, primary-flame occurrence, secondary-flame preparation and formation, and, finally, establishment of steady-state combustion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lyman, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM lyman@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 174 IS 3 BP 141 EP 171 DI 10.1080/00102200290020985 PG 31 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 577HC UT WOS:000177054600007 ER PT J AU Margolis, SB Gardner, TJ AF Margolis, SB Gardner, TJ TI Extinction limits of nonadiabatic, catalyst-assisted flames in stagnation-point flow SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION; HYDROGEN; PLATINUM AB An idealized geometry corresponding to a premixed flame in stagnation-point flow is used to investigate the effects of catalysis on extending the extinction limits of nonadiabatic stretched flames. Specifically, a surface catalytic reaction is assumed to occur on the stagnation plane, thereby augmenting combustion in the bulk gas with an exothermic surface reaction characterized by a reduced activation energy, Assuming the activation energies remain large, an asymptotic analysis of the resulting flame structure yields a formula for the extinction limit as a function of various parameters. In particular, it is demonstrated that the presence of a surface catalyst can extend the burning regime, thus counterbalancing the effects of beat loss and flame stretch that tend to shrink it. The analysis is relevant to small-volume combustors, where the increased surface-to-volume ratio can lead to extinction of the nonadiabatic flame in the absence of a catalyst. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Margolis, SB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 AR PII S1364-7830(02)21501-6 DI 10.1088/1364-7830/6/1/302 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 540AF UT WOS:000174905200002 ER PT J AU Menikoff, R Sewell, TD AF Menikoff, R Sewell, TD TI Constituent properties of HMX needed for mesoscale simulations SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE HMX; HYDROSTATIC COMPRESSION; PHASE-TRANSITION; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; DECOMPOSITION; MODEL; EXPLOSIVES; CRYSTALS AB Plastic-bonded explosives are heterogeneous materials. Improved burn models for weak initiation relevant to accident scenarios require a better understanding of the physics associated with the formation and growth of hot spots. Since the relevant length scale is subgrain in extent, mesoscale simulations are needed to study hot spots. Mesoscale simulations require as input constitutive properties of an explosive grain. In addition, it is essential to account for physical dissipative mechanisms since hot spots represent local peaks in the fluctuations of the temperature field. Here, constitutive properties of the explosive HMX needed for mesoscale simulations are discussed and experimental data reviewed. Because some decomposition may occur during a measurement, it is difficult to account for systematic error in the data. To get a sense of the uncertainties in material parameters, it is necessary to examine all the available data. In addition, we discuss results from molecular dynamics simulations of some properties for which experimental data are lacking. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Menikoff, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 78 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 BP 103 EP 125 AR PII S1364-7830(02)23749-3 DI 10.1088/1364-7830/6/1/306 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 540AF UT WOS:000174905200006 ER PT J AU Tiquia, SM Wan, JHC Tam, NFY AF Tiquia, SM Wan, JHC Tam, NFY TI Microbial population dynamics and enzyme activities during composting SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Microbiology of Composting and Other Biodegradation Processes CY SEP 18-20, 2000 CL INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA ID SPENT PIG LITTER; SAWDUST LITTER; CATTLE MANURE; MATURITY; PARAMETERS; NITROGEN; SLUDGE AB The changes in population size of different microbial groups (total aerobic heterotrophs, actinomycetes, fungi, fecal coliforms, ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria) and the activities of 19 different enzymes (three phosphatases, three esterases, two proteases, three amino-peptidases, and eight glycosyl-hydrolases) were examined during cocomposting of poultry litter (a mixture of poultry manure, waste feed, feathers, and wood shavings) and yard trimmings (a mixture of grass clippings, leaves, and wood barks). Three piles with forced aeration were established by mixing 2:1 (v/v) ratio of poultry litter and yard trimmings. During composting, samples were taken at three different locations (top, middle, and bottom) of the forced aeration piles for microbial and enzyme analyses. Results demonstrated that population size of different microbial groups was not a limiting factor in this composting process as the micro organisms in the poultry litter + yard trimmings compost are in great abundance. Although the numbers of these microbial groups were reduced by high temperature, their populations multiplied rapidly as composting progressed. Fecal coliforms were eliminated by day 49, suggesting that the poultry litter + yard trimmings compost showed an overall increase in diversity and relative abundance of extracellular enzymes present as composting progressed. The population of fungi and actinomycetes (microorganisms active in degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) were positively correlated with esterase, valine amino-peptidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, and lipase. Of all 19 enzymes examined, beta-galactosidase (enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of lactose) had the most significant positive correlation with microbial populations, such as total aerobic heterotrophs, ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and fecal coliforms. Cystine amino peptidase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin showed no evidence of activity during the entire period of composting. This composting process represented a combined activity of a wide succession of environments in the compost pile as one microbial group/enzyme overlapped the other and each emerged gradually as a result of the continual change in temperature as well as moisture content, O-2 and CO2 level, and progressive breakdown of complex compounds to simpler ones. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Biol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Tiquia, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI TAM, Nora Fung-yee/0000-0003-2205-8775 NR 46 TC 86 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 15 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 150 EP 161 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 547JW UT WOS:000175330100009 ER PT J AU Devine, K Boman, E Heaphy, R Hendrickson, B Vaughan, C AF Devine, K Boman, E Heaphy, R Hendrickson, B Vaughan, C TI Zoltan data management services for parallel dynamic applications SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Comp & Math Ctr, Zoltan Project, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Devine, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Comp & Math Ctr, Zoltan Project, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 90 EP U1 DI 10.1109/5992.988653 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 524YQ UT WOS:000174040800015 ER PT J AU Sewards, TV Sewards, MA AF Sewards, TV Sewards, MA TI On the neural correlates of object recognition awareness: Relationship to computational activities and activities mediating perceptual awareness SO CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION LA English DT Review DE visual awareness; synchronized oscillations; visual pathways; recognition memory; perirhinal cortex; temporopolar cortex; hippocampal formation; orbitofrontal cortex; inferior temporal cortex ID ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERY; TEMPORAL VISUAL-CORTEX; FOCAL RETROGRADE-AMNESIA; TRIUNE CONSCIOUS MIND; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; MACAQUE MONKEY; RHESUS-MONKEY; CINGULATE CORTEX; HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION; PERIRHINAL CORTEX AB Based on theoretical considerations of Aurell (1979) and Block (1995), we argue that object recognition awareness is distinct from purely sensory awareness and that the former is mediated by neuronal activities in areas that are separate and distinct from cortical sensory areas. We propose that two of the principal functions of neuronal activities in sensory cortex, which are to provide sensory awareness and to effect the computations that are necessary for object recognition. are dissociated. We provide examples of how this dissociation might be achieved and argue that the components of the neuronal activities which carry the computations do not directly enter the awareness of the subject. The results of these computations are sparse representations (i.e.. vector or distributed codes) which are activated by the presentation of particular sensory objects and are essentially engrams for the recognition of objects. These final representations occur in the highest order areas of sensory cortex: in the visual analyzer, the areas include the anterior part of the inferior temporal cortex and the perirhinal cortex. We propose. based on lesion and connectional data. that the two areas in which activities provide recognition awareness are the temporopolar cortex and the medial orbitofrontal cortex. Activities in the temporopolar cortex provide the recognition awareness of objects learned in the remote past (consolidated object recognition). and those in the medial orbitofrontal cortex provide the recognition awareness of objects learned in the recent past. The activation of the sparse representation for a particular sensory object in turn activates neurons in one or both of these regions of cortex, and it is the activities of these neurons that provide the awareness of recognition of the object in question. The neural circuitry involved in the activation of these representations is discussed. cussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Sandia Res Ctr, Placitas, NM 87043 USA. RP Sewards, TV (reprint author), Sandia Res Ctr, 21 Perdiz Canyon Rd, Placitas, NM 87043 USA. NR 172 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8100 J9 CONSCIOUS COGN JI Conscious. Cogn. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 51 EP 77 DI 10.1006/ecog.2001.0518 PG 27 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 529LR UT WOS:000174301400004 PM 11883988 ER PT J AU Singleton, J Mielke, C AF Singleton, J Mielke, C TI Quasi-two-dimensional organic superconductors: a review SO CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ANGLE-DEPENDENT MAGNETORESISTANCE; LARKIN-OVCHINNIKOV STATE; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; WAVE MAGNETOOPTICAL DETERMINATION; FERMI-SURFACE TOPOLOGY; SMALL CLOSED ORBITS; BEDT-TTF BIS(ETHYLENE-DITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE; MOLECULAR VIBRATION CONSTANTS; ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTORS; CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS AB Quasi-two-dimensional organic superconductors are reviewed. These systems exhibit many interesting phenomena, including reduced dimensionality, strong electron - electron and electron - phonon interactions and the proximity of antiferromagnetism, insulator states and superconductivity. Moreover, it has been possible to measure the electronic bands of many of the organics in great detail, in contrast to the situation in other well-known systems in which similar phenomena occur. The crystal structure and normal-state properties of the organics are described before the experimental evidence is presented for and against exotic superconductivity mediated by antiferromagnetic fluctuations. Finally, three instances of field-induced unconventional superconductivity are described. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 216 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-7514 EI 1366-5812 J9 CONTEMP PHYS JI Contemp. Phys. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 43 IS 2 BP 63 EP 96 DI 10.1080/00107510110108681 PG 34 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 529JD UT WOS:000174295600002 ER PT J AU Hur, MW Laney, JD Jeon, SH Ali, J Biggin, MD AF Hur, MW Laney, JD Jeon, SH Ali, J Biggin, MD TI Zeste maintains repression of Ubx transgenes: support for a new model of Polycomb repression SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE polycomb group; Trithorax group; homeotic; Zeste; GAGA; Drosophila ID HOMEOTIC GENE ULTRABITHORAX; DROSOPHILA BITHORAX COMPLEX; RESPONSE ELEMENT; GAGA FACTOR; POLYTENE CHROMOSOMES; TRITHORAX; BINDING; PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION; CHROMATIN AB During late embryogenesis, the expression domains of homeotic genes are maintained by two groups of ubiquitously expressed regulators: the Polycomb repressors and the Trithorax activators. It is not known how the activities of the two maintenance systems are initially targeted to the correct genes. Zeste and GAGA are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins previously shown to be Trithorax group activators of the homeotic gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx). We demonstrate that Zeste and GAGA DNA-binding sites at the proximal promoter are also required to maintain, but not to initiate, repression of Ubx. Furthermore, the repression mediated by Zeste DNA-binding site is abolished in zeste null embryos. These data imply that Zeste and probably GAGA mediate Polycomb repression. We present a model in which the dual transcriptional activities of Zeste and GAGA are an essential component of the mechanism that chooses which maintenance system is to be targeted to a given promoter. C1 Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Konkuk Univ, Dept Biol, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yonsei Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Seodaemoon Ku, Seoul 120752, South Korea. RP Biggin, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mdbiggin@lbl.gov NR 31 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD MAR PY 2002 VL 129 IS 6 BP 1339 EP 1343 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 538PJ UT WOS:000174824000005 PM 11880343 ER PT J AU Tucker, JB Mitra, S Papanicolaou, N Siripuram, A Rao, MV Holland, OW AF Tucker, JB Mitra, S Papanicolaou, N Siripuram, A Rao, MV Holland, OW TI Nitrogen and phosphorus implanted MESFETs in semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Conference on Diamond Diamond-Like Materials Carbon Nanotubes Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2001) CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE SiC; MESFET; ion-implantation; annealing ID ION-IMPLANTATION AB Nitrogen and phosphorus ion implantation were used to fabricate 2 mum gate length, n-channel Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistors (MESFETs) in semi-insulating bulk 4H-SiC. In order to create the channel region, either nitrogen or phosphorus ion-implantations was performed to a depth of 300 run at room temperature to a volumetric concentration of 5 X 10(17) cm(-3). The source/drain regions were created by nitrogen implantation to a volumetric concentration of 2 X 10(19) cm(-3), regardless of the species used for the channel implantation. Annealing for a duration of 15 min at 1450 degreesC (for nitrogen-implanted channels) or 1500 degreesC (for phosphorus-implanted channels) activated the implants. This study utilized aluminum Schottky gates for the FETs. Both the nitrogen and phosphorus-implanted channel MESFETS exhibited pinch-off voltages at approximately 18 V and the drain saturation currents between 30 and 40 mA. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-6 SI SI BP 392 EP 395 AR PII S0925-9635(01)00610-0 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(01)00610-0 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 559VL UT WOS:000176046300022 ER PT J AU Samatova, NF Ostrouchov, G Geist, A Melechko, AV AF Samatova, NF Ostrouchov, G Geist, A Melechko, AV TI RACHET: An efficient cover-based merging of clustering hierarchies from distributed datasets SO DISTRIBUTED AND PARALLEL DATABASES LA English DT Article DE clustering distributed datasets; distributed data mining ID ALGORITHMS AB This paper presents a hierarchical clustering method named RACHET (Recursive Agglomeration of Clustering Hierarchies by Encircling Tactic) for analyzing multi-dimensional distributed data. A typical clustering algorithm requires bringing all the data in a centralized warehouse. This results in O(nd) transmission cost, where n is the number of data points and d is the number of dimensions. For large datasets, this is prohibitively expensive. In contrast, RACHET runs with at most O(n) time, space, and communication costs to build a global hierarchy of comparable clustering quality by merging locally generated clustering hierarchies. RACHET employs the encircling tactic in which the merges at each stage are chosen so as to minimize the volume of a covering hypersphere. For each cluster centroid, RACHET maintains descriptive statistics of constant complexity to enable these choices. RACHET's framework is applicable to a wide class of centroid-based hierarchical clustering algorithms, such as centroid, medoid, and Ward. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008 NR 15 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-8782 J9 DISTRIB PARALLEL DAT JI Distrib. Parallel Databases PD MAR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 2 BP 157 EP 180 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 516ZE UT WOS:000173586000003 ER PT J AU Mendelsohn, R Sipes, K AF Mendelsohn, R Sipes, K TI Gasoline taxes, CAFE and the Kyoto Protocol - Reply SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Letter C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. US DOE, Off Environm Management EM 13, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Mendelsohn, R (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 321 EP 322 AR PII S0921-8009(01)00277-4 PG 2 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 549WC UT WOS:000175468900002 ER PT J AU Treimer, S Tang, A Johnson, DC AF Treimer, S Tang, A Johnson, DC TI A consideration of the application of Koutecky-Levich plots in the diagnoses of charge-transfer mechanisms at rotated disk electrodes SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE Koutecky-Levich equation and plots; charge-transfer mechanisms; rotating disk electrodes ID DIFFUSION CURRENT; STATIONARY; ECE AB It has become common practice to estimate the numbers of electrons (n, eq mol(-1)) transferred in faradaic reactions at rotated disk electrodes (RDEs) from the slope of plots of reciprocal current (1/I) vs. reciprocal square root of rotational velocity (1/omega(1/2)). This practice is based on the Koutecky-Levich equation derived for a one-step electron-transfer mechanism. Furthermore, the intercept of the Koutecky-Levich plot is assumed to be a reciprocal function of the heterogeneous rate constant (k(h), cm (s-1)) for the electron-transfer process. In this review, we examine the validity of the practice of estimating values of n and k(h) for various multi-step mechanisms at RDEs. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 37 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 14 U2 75 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1002/1521-4109(200202)14:3<165::AID-ELAN165>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 526JW UT WOS:000174128100001 ER PT J AU Kwon, K Evans, JW AF Kwon, K Evans, JW TI Viscosity changes of Li battery electrolytes and their long-term effect on the frequency of EQCM electrodes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERIES; ETHYLENE CARBONATE; BEHAVIOR AB The resonant frequency of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) electrodes (carbon, nickel, and aluminum) decreases gradually with time in 1 M LiCIO4/ethylene carbonate (EC) dimethyl carbonate (DMC) after the immediate frequency shift due to the presence of liquid column on the quartz crystals. It is found that the viscosity change of electrolyte is the main reason for the frequency decrease. The viscosities of five liquids (1 M LiClO4/EC + DMC, 1 M LiPF6/EC + DMC, EC + DMC, DMC, and propylene carbonate) have been measured. Systems with EC + DMC as the solvent of the lithium salt or with the solvent alone show viscosity increase in contact with the electrode, whereas none of the above liquids show viscosity change if they arc stored in glass vials. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kwon, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP A59 EP A61 DI 10.1149/1.1449303 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 524KL UT WOS:000174012300005 ER PT J AU Zhang, G Dorris, S Balachandran, U Liu, M AF Zhang, G Dorris, S Balachandran, U Liu, M TI Effect of pd coating on hydrogen permeation of Ni-barium cerate mixed conductor SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SEPARATION AB Successful development of hydrogen separation membranes based on mixed ionic and electronic conductors will improve the economy of hydrogen production. For a gas separation process, interfacial polarization plays an increasingly important role as the ceramic membrane is made thinner to reduce the bulk resistance. In this paper, we report the effect of surface modification on surface properties of a composite membrane consisting of nickel and yttrium-doped barium cerate (Ni-BCY). The application of a Pd thin film on the surface of a Ni-BCY composite membrane significantly reduces the interfacial polarization resistance at temperatures from 500 to 900degreesC. The composition, morphology, and microstructure of the modified membrane surface dramatically influence the catalytic properties for hydrogen separation, (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, G (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Liu, Meilin/E-5782-2010 OI Liu, Meilin/0000-0002-6188-2372 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP J5 EP J7 DI 10.1149/1.1446404 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 524KL UT WOS:000174012300017 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Johnson, CS Thackeray, MM AF Kim, JS Johnson, CS Thackeray, MM TI Layered xLiMO(2) center dot (1-x)Li2M ' O-3 electrodes for lithium batteries: a study of 0.95LiMn(0.5)Ni(0.5)O(2) center dot 0.05Li(2)TiO(3) SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium batteries; stabilized layer electrode ID MANGANESE OXIDE; CATHODE MATERIALS; ION BATTERIES; LIMNO2; CAPACITY; LIMN2O4; LICOO2; CELLS AB The electrochemical properties of 0.95LiMn(0.5)M(0.5)O(2) . 0.05Li(2)TiO(3) have been investigated as part of a study of xLiMO(2) . (1 - x)Li2M'O-3 electrode systems for lithium batteries in which M = Co, Ni, Mn and M' = Ti, Zr, Mn. The data indicate that the electrochemically inactive Li2TiO3 Component contributes to the stabilization of LiMn0.5M0.5O2 electrodes, which improves the coulombic efficiency of Li/xLiMn(0.5)Ni(0.5)O(2) . (1 - x)Li2TiO3 cells for x < 1. The 0.95LiMn(0.5)Ni(0.5)O(2) &BULL; 0.05Li(2)TiO(3) electrodes provide a rechargeable capacity of approximately 175 mAh/g at 50 &DEG;C when cycled between 4.6 and 2.5 V; there is no indication of spinel formation during electrochemical cycling. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thackeray, MM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 149 Z9 156 U1 7 U2 103 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 3 BP 205 EP 209 AR PII S1388-2481(02)00251-5 DI 10.1016/S1388-2481(02)00251-5 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 571QX UT WOS:000176729300001 ER PT J AU Lu, W Donepudi, VS Prakash, J Liu, J Amine, K AF Lu, W Donepudi, VS Prakash, J Liu, J Amine, K TI Electrochemical and thermal behavior of copper coated type MAG-20 natural graphite SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Li-ion cells; differential; electroless plating; exfoliation; graphite; surface modification ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; IRREVERSIBLE CAPACITY; INTERCALATION; CARBON; PERFORMANCE AB Natural graphite powders, type MAG-20, were modified by electroless deposition of copper onto the graphite surface. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of the modified graphite showed that almost all the copper covered the edge plane of graphite particles and the copper content increased from 6 to 17 at.% depending upon the plating time. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the copper composition obtained using EDS. TGA carried out under oxygen atmosphere showed that the combustion temperature decreased by 200 degreesC for a copper content from 0 to 16 at.%. Cycling the modified graphite at a C/10 rate showed that the initial large irreversible capacity typically present in untreated natural graphite was significantly reduced when the modified graphite contained 6-17 at.% copper coatings. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) comparison between fully lithiated copper coated MAG-20 with fully lithiated MCMB showed that the major exothermic peak for the MAG-20 modified graphite is lower in magnitude and is shifted to higher temperatures. However, both MAG-20 and MCMB types of lithiated graphite gave the same amount of total heat generation up to 350 degreesC. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IIT, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Prakash, J (reprint author), IIT, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 15 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1601 EP 1606 AR PII S0013-4686(01)00883-0 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(01)00883-0 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 547YA UT WOS:000175359600011 ER PT J AU Iwahara, J Iwahara, M Daughdrill, GW Ford, J Clubb, RT AF Iwahara, J Iwahara, M Daughdrill, GW Ford, J Clubb, RT TI The structure of the Dead ringer-DNA complex reveals how AT-rich interaction domains (ARIDs) recognize DNA SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ARID; AT-rich interaction domains; Dead ringer; DNA recognition; structure; NMR ID 3-DIMENSIONAL HETERONUCLEAR NMR; ISOTOPICALLY ENRICHED PROTEINS; LONG-RANGE REPRESSION; SIDE-CHAIN RESONANCES; J-COUPLINGS; BINDING PROTEIN; LARGER PROTEINS; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; BACKBONE AMIDE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS AB The AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) is a DNA-binding module found in many eukaryotic transcription factors. Using NMR spectroscopy, we have determined the first ever three-dimensional structure of an ARID-DNA complex (mol. wt 25.7 kDa) formed by Dead ringer from Drosophila melanogaster. ARIDs recognize DNA through a novel mechanism involving major groove immobilization of a large loop that connects the helices of a non-canonical helix-turn-helix motif, and through a concomitant structural rearrangement that produces stabilizing contacts from a P-hairpin. Dead ringer's preference for AT-rich DNA originates from three positions within the ARID fold that form energetically significant contacts to an adenine-thymine base step. Amino acids that dictate binding specificity are not highly conserved, suggesting that ARIDs will bind to a range of nucleotide sequences. Extended ARIDs, found in several sequence-specific transcription factors, are distinguished by the presence of a C-terminal helix that may increase their intrinsic affinity for DNA. The prevalence of serine amino acids at all specificity determining positions suggests that ARIDs within SWI/SNF-related complexes will interact with DNA non-sequence specifically. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Clubb, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 79 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1209 DI 10.1093/emboj/21.5.1197 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 530NR UT WOS:000174365400035 PM 11867548 ER PT J AU Ozawa, L Sheinbaum, C Martin, N Worrell, E Price, L AF Ozawa, L Sheinbaum, C Martin, N Worrell, E Price, L TI Energy use and CO2 emissions in Mexico's iron and steel industry SO ENERGY LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSITION AB Energy use and carbon dioxide emissions for the Mexican iron and steel industry are analyzed from 1970 to 1996. To assess the trends in energy use and carbon dioxide emissions, we used a decomposition analysis based on physical indicators to decompose the intra-sectoral structural changes and efficiency improvements. We used a structure/efficiency analysis for international comparisons, considering industrial structure and the best available technology. This study shows that steel production growth drove up primary energy use by 211% between 1970 and 1996, while structural changes (production and process mix) decreased primary energy use by 12% and energy efficiency changes drove down energy use by 51%. In addition, carbon dioxide emissions would have increased by 9% if the primary fuel mix had remained constant at 1970 levels. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ingn, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sheinbaum, C (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ingn, Ciudad Univ,Apdo Postal 70-472, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico. RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD MAR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 225 EP 239 AR PII S0360-5442(01)00082-2 DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(01)00082-2 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 522VD UT WOS:000173916900002 ER PT J AU Kawamoto, K Koomey, JG Nordman, B Brown, RE Piette, MA Ting, M Meier, AK AF Kawamoto, K Koomey, JG Nordman, B Brown, RE Piette, MA Ting, M Meier, AK TI Electricity used by office equipment and network equipment in the US SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB In spite of the recent explosive growth in the use of office and network equipment, there has been no recent study (until this one) that estimates in detail how much electricity is consumed by that equipment in the United States. In this study, we examined energy use by office equipment and network equipment at the end of 1999. We classified office equipment into 11 types; for each type we estimated annual energy consumption for residential, commercial, and industrial use by combining estimates of stock, power requirements, usage, and saturation of power management. We also classified network equipment into six types and estimated the annual energy consumption for each type. We found that total direct power use by office and network equipment is about 74 TWh per year, which is about 2% of total electricity use in the US. When electricity used by telecommunications equipment and electronics manufacturing is included, that figure rises to 3% of all electricity use. More than 70% of the 74 TWh/year is dedicated to office equipment for commercial use. We also found that power management currently saves 23 TWh/year, and complete saturation and proper functioning of power management would achieve additional savings of 17 TWh/year. Furthermore, complete saturation of night shutdown for equipment not required to operate at night would reduce power use by an additional 7 TWh/year. Finally, we compared our current estimate with our 1995 forecast for 1999. We found that the total difference between our current estimate and the previous forecast is less than 15% and identified the factors that led to inaccuracies in the previous forecast. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties in our current forecast and identified the data sets that have the largest impact on our current estimate of energy use. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koomey, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mail Stop 90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD MAR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 255 EP 269 AR PII S0360-5442(01)00084-6 DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(01)00084-6 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 522VD UT WOS:000173916900004 ER PT J AU Xu, TT Carrie, FR Dickerhoff, DJ Fisk, WJ McWilliams, J Wang, D Modera, MP AF Xu, TT Carrie, FR Dickerhoff, DJ Fisk, WJ McWilliams, J Wang, D Modera, MP TI Performance of thermal distribution systems in large commercial buildings SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE thermal distribution system; constant air volume; effective leakage area; variable air volume ID LEAKAGE AB This paper presents major findings of a field study on the performance of five thermal distribution systems in four large commercial buildings. The five systems studied are typical single-duct or dual-duct constant air volume (CAV) systems and variable air volume (VAV) systems, each of which serves an office building or a retail building with floor area over 2000 m(2). The air leakage from ducts is reported in terms of effective leakage area (ELA) at 25 Pa reference pressure, the ASHRAE-defined duct leakage class C-L, and air leakage ratios. The specific ELAs ranged from 0.7 to 12.9 cm(2)/m(2) of duct surface area, and from 0.1 to 7.7 cm(2)/m(2) of floor area served. The ASHRAE-defined duct leakage classes ranged from 34 to 606 for the five systems and systems sections tested. The air leakage ratios were estimated to be up to approximately one-third of the fan-supplied airflow in the constant air volume systems. The specific ELAs and leakage classes indicated that air leakage in large commercial duct systems varied significantly from system to system, and from system section to system section even within the same thermal distribution system. Overall, the duct systems measured were much leakier than the ductwork specified as "unsealed ducts" by ASHRAE. On the other hand, thermal losses from supply ducts induced by conduction (including convection and radiation) were significant, on the scale that was comparable to the losses induced by air leakage in the duct systems. The energy losses induced by leakage and conduction suggested that there exist significant energy savings potentials from duct sealing and duct insulation practice in large commercial buildings. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, TT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Carrie, Francois Remi/0000-0002-5021-7166 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 215 EP 226 AR PII S0378-7788(01)00112-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00112-8 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 522YH UT WOS:000173924200002 ER PT J AU Anderson, RR Martello, DV Rohar, PC Strazisar, BR Tamilia, JP Waldner, K White, CM Modey, WK Mangelson, NF Eatough, DJ AF Anderson, RR Martello, DV Rohar, PC Strazisar, BR Tamilia, JP Waldner, K White, CM Modey, WK Mangelson, NF Eatough, DJ TI Sources and composition of PM2.5 at the National Energy Technology Laboratory in Pittsburgh during July and August 2000 SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; HEALTH AB PM2.5 mass was measured daily with three batch samplers, a PM2.5 R&P Partisol-Plus FRM, an Andersen RAAS, and a BYU PC-BOSS, and continuously with a TEOM monitor during July and August 2000. PM2.5 composition was also determined. These data are part of an ongoing PM2.5 characterization program centered around a sampling site at the National Energy Technology Laboratory Pittsburgh campus. The composition and concentrations of PM2.5 were both highly variable during this time period. Likely sources of PM2.5 during low concentration periods were transportation, coal-fired boiler, and other emissions generated in the local area. For these periods, the average concentration of PM2.5 was 13 mug/m(3) and 70% of the PM2.5 mass was carbonaceous material, including semivolatile organic material that was lost in varying degrees from both the TEOM and FRM samplers. In contrast, much higher concentrations of PM2.5 were associated with transport of pollutants to the site. Analysis of meteorological and back-trajectory data suggests that these pollutants were emitted elsewhere during a period of high atmospheric pressure and were subsequently transported to the site with the passage of a frontal system. When the PM2.5 collected at the site originated from the west or southwest, the concentrations averaged 31 mug/m(3) and ammonium sulfate averaged 54% of the PM2.5 mass. Scanning election microscopy and trace element analyses are consistent with the association of high concentration PM2.5 episodes with transport of coke and iron processing, coal-fired boiler, and other emissions from the Ohio River Valley region to the NETL site. Preliminary observations on the use of SEM and PIXE data in source apportionment at the NETL site are given. C1 US DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Anderson, RR (reprint author), US DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1021/ef010169d PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 533GW UT WOS:000174522000003 ER PT J AU Robinson, AL Junker, H Baxter, LL AF Robinson, AL Junker, H Baxter, LL TI Pilot-scale investigation of the influence of coal-biomass cofiring on ash deposition SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID STRAW-FIRED BOILERS; COMBUSTION; CORROSION AB Cofiring biomass with coal is a promising short-term option for reducing the net CO2 emissions from existing coal-fired power plants. This paper examines the effects of cofiring biomass and coal on ash deposition under conditions representative of those found in the superheater region of pulverized-coal boilers. Experiments were conducted with blends of eight different fuels-three types of bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, two types of straw, switchgrass, and wood. For each fuel, reference tests of unblended fuel establish a baseline against which to compare the results from the cofiring tests. The deposition rates for the cofire blends are between the measured deposition rates of the unblended fuels. Therefore, blending straw with coal reduces the high deposition rates observed while firing unblended straw, and cofiring coal with wood results in slightly lower deposition rates than those that occur while firing unblended coal. The primary interaction between the biomass and coal during cofiring is the reaction of the sulfur from the coal with the alkali species from the biomass. This sulfation reduces the stickiness of the deposit, which substantially reduces the deposition rate of the coal-straw blends in comparison to expectations based on the performance of the unblended fuels. Sulfation also reduces the chlorine content of the deposits, potentially reducing the corrosion potential of the deposits. A scaling parameter is proposed to estimate the deposit chlorine content on the basis of the properties of the cofire blend; the ratio of fuel-S to available alkali must be in excess of 5 times the S-to-alkali stoichiometric ratio to eliminate chlorine from the deposit. The results demonstrate that cofiring can mitigate some of the fouling difficulties associated with combustion of high-fouling biofuels. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Robinson, AL (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Robinson, Allen/I-5713-2012; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014; Baxter, Larry/C-8567-2009 OI Robinson, Allen/0000-0003-1053-7090; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X; Baxter, Larry/0000-0002-0453-2659 NR 21 TC 85 Z9 94 U1 9 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1021/ef010128h PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 533GW UT WOS:000174522000012 ER PT J AU Buchanan, AC Britt, PF Koran, LJ AF Buchanan, AC Britt, PF Koran, LJ TI Retrogressive pyrolysis pathways for surface-constrained diarylmethanes SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID RADICAL REARRANGEMENT PATHWAYS; HYDROGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; MODEL COMPOUNDS; IMMOBILIZED BIBENZYL; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; BOND SCISSION; COAL; MECHANISMS; CHEMISTRY; THERMOLYSIS AB Pyrolysis studies of silica-immobilized diarylmethanes, which are models for related structures in fuel resources, have been conducted at 425 degreesC to explore the impact of restricted mass transport on reaction pathways with particular attention to the formation of PAHs. Two retrogressive free radical pathways are observed in the pyrolysis of silica-immobilized diphenylmethane and 2-naphthylphenylmethane that involve the diarylmethyl radical as a key intermediate. The major pathway is cyclization-dehydrogenation that forms fluorene and benzofluorene (two isomers), respectively. This pathway can be attenuated, but not eliminated, by the presence of a neighboring hydrogen donor (tetralin) on the surface in contrast to fluid-phase studies. The second pathway, which has not been reported in fluid phases, is a radical displacement path that forms crosslinked triarylmethane products. The selectivity for these two pathways is found to be a function of the orientation of the diarylmethane on the surface, as well as the presence of neighboring spacer molecules. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Buchanan, AC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008,MS-6130, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 517 EP 524 DI 10.1021/ef0102521 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 533GW UT WOS:000174522000032 ER PT J AU Kocher, DC Greim, H AF Kocher, DC Greim, H TI An approach to comparative assessments of potential health risks from exposure to radionuclides and hazardous chemicals SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE health risk assessment; comparative assessment; public exposures; NOEL; benchmark dose ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS AB The need to compare potential health risks to the public associated with different activities that can result in releases of hazardous substances to the environment is becoming increasingly important in decision-making. In making such comparisons, it is desirable to use equivalent indicators of potential health risks for radionuclides, chemical carcinogens, and noncarcinogenic hazardous chemicals. Current approaches to risk assessment that were developed for purposes of protecting human health do not provide equivalent indicators of potential risks from exposure to radionuclides and hazardous chemicals. Comparisons of environmental concentrations or calculated exposures or risks with standards for protection of public health also do not provide equivalent indicators of potential risks. We propose a simple approach to comparative risk assessments in which calculated exposures to any hazardous substances are expressed relative to no-observed-effect levels (NOELs) or, preferably, lower confidence limits of benchmark doses (BMDLs) in humans. This approach provides an equivalent, science-based indicator of the relative risks posed by different exposures to any hazardous substances. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. GSF, Inst Toxicol, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany. RP Kocher, DC (reprint author), SENES Oak Ridge Inc, 102 Donner Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 8 BP 663 EP 671 AR PII S0160-4120(01)00126-X DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(01)00126-X PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 531UB UT WOS:000174434700008 PM 11934116 ER PT J AU Cushman, RM Jones, SB AF Cushman, RM Jones, SB TI The relative importance of sources of greenhouse-gas emissions: Comparison of global through subnational perspectives SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE emissions; greenhouse gases ID INVENTORY; SINKS AB Increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are widely expected to cause global warming and other climatic changes. It is important to establish priorities for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions, so that resources can be allocated efficiently and effectively. This is a global problem, and it is possible, on a global scale, to identify those activities whose emissions have the greatest potential for enhancing the greenhouse effect. However, perspectives from smaller scales must be appreciated, because it is on scales down to the local level that response measures will be implemented, This paper analyzes the relative importance of emissions from the many individual sources, on scales ranging from global to national to subnational. Individual country perspectives and proposed policy measures and those of subnational political entities exhibit some commonalities but differ among themselves and from a global-scale perspective in detail. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cushman, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 360 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s00267-001-0018-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522YX UT WOS:000173925500005 PM 11830766 ER PT J AU Peterson, MJ Smith, JG Southworth, GR Ryon, MG Eddlemon, GK AF Peterson, MJ Smith, JG Southworth, GR Ryon, MG Eddlemon, GK TI Trace element contamination in benthic macroinvertebrates from a small stream near a uranium mill tailings site SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic; assessment; benthic macroinvertebrates; contamination; risk; trace element; uranium mill tailings ID AQUATIC INSECTS; INVERTEBRATES; WEIGHT; METALS; RIVER AB Direct measurement of the accumulation of non-radioactive trace elements in aquatic biota near uranium mining or processing sites has been relatively rare, with greater focus on the radiological activity in the adjacent soils and groundwater. To evaluate the potential ecological concern associated with trace elements at a former uranium mill site in southeastern Utah, benthic macroinvertebrates were collected and analyzed for 17 trace elements from multiple locations within a small on-site stream, Montezuma Creek, and a nearby reference stream. Key questions of this study relate to the spatial and temporal extent of contamination in aquatic biota, the potential ecological risks associated with that contamination, and the usefulness of benthic macroinvertebrates as a monitoring tool at this site. Composite samples of similar macroinvertebrate taxa and functional feeding groups were collected from each site over a two year period that was representative of normal and dry-year conditions. In both years, mean concentrations of arsenic, molybdenum, selenium, and vanadium were significantly higher (a factor of 2-4 times; P < 0.05) in macroinvertebrates collected from one or both of the two Montezuma Creek sites immediately downstream of the mill tailing site in comparison to concentrations from reference locations. Mean uranium concentrations in invertebrates immediately downstream of the mill site were more than 10 times higher than at reference sites. The site-to-site pattern of contamination in Montezuma Creek invertebrates was similar in 1995 and 1996, with mill-related trace elements showing a downstream decreasing trend. However, nine of seventeen contaminant concentrations were higher in the second year of the study, possibly due to a higher influx of deep groundwater during the drier second year of the study. A preliminary assessment of ecological risks, based on the benthic macroinvertebrate bioaccumulation data, suggests that aquatic and terrestrial population risks are low. Benthic macroinvertebrates appeared to be sensitive integrators of trace element inputs to the aquatic environment from a former uranium mill tailing site, and provided useful spatial and temporal patterns of contamination not easily obtained using conventional surface water or groundwater measures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peterson, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 74 IS 2 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1023/A:1013872103460 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514XV UT WOS:000173467100005 PM 11878642 ER PT J AU Ferenbaugh, JK Fresquez, PR Ebinger, MH Gonzales, GJ Jordan, PA AF Ferenbaugh, JK Fresquez, PR Ebinger, MH Gonzales, GJ Jordan, PA TI Radionuclides in soil and water near a low-level disposal site and potential ecological and human health impacts SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Am; contamination; Cs; dose; exposure; model; Pu; risk; Sr; translocation; U ID INGESTION AB Material Disposal Area G is the primary low-level radioactive waste disposal site at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, and is adjacent to Pueblo of San Ildefonso lands. Pueblo residents and Los Alamos scientists are concerned about radiological doses resulting from uptake of Area G radionuclides by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus), then consumption of deer and elk meat by humans. Tissue samples were collected from deer and elk accidentally killed near Area G and were analyzed for H-3, Sr-90, total U, Pu-238, Pu-239,Pu- 240, Am-241, and Cs-137. These data were used to estimate human doses based on meat consumption of 23 kg y(-1). Human doses were also modeled using RESRAD, and dose rates to deer and elk were estimated with a screening model. Dose estimates to humans from tissue consumption were 2.9 x 10(-3) mSv y(-1) and 1.6 x 10(-3) mSv y(-1) from deer and elk, respectively, and RESRAD dose estimates were of the same order of magnitude. Estimated dose rates to deer and elk were 2.1 x 10(-4) mGy d(-1) and 4.7 x 10(-4) mGy d(-1), respectively. All estimated doses were significantly less than established exposure limits or guidelines. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESH-20,MS M887, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM fresquez@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 74 IS 3 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1023/A:1014232529482 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 523YY UT WOS:000173986200004 PM 11944797 ER PT J AU Hjeresen, DL Gonzales, R AF Hjeresen, DL Gonzales, R TI Can green chemistry promote sustainable agriculture? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Amer Chem Soc, Green Chem Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Program, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hjeresen, DL (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 102A EP 107A DI 10.1021/es0222263 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526NK UT WOS:000174136400016 PM 11917987 ER PT J AU Singer, BC Hodgson, AT Guevarra, KS Hawley, EL Nazaroff, WW AF Singer, BC Hodgson, AT Guevarra, KS Hawley, EL Nazaroff, WW TI Gas-phase organics in environmental tobacco smoke. 1. Effects of smoking rate, ventilation, and furnishing level on emission factors SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; ETS; CIGARETTE; TRACERS; MARKERS; MASS AB We measured the emissions of 26 gas-phase organic compounds in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) using a model room that simulates realistic conditions in residences and offices. Exposure-relevant emission factors (EREFs), which include the effects of sorption and re-emission over a 24-h period, were calculated by mass balance from measured compound concentrations and chamber ventilation rates in a 50-m(3) room constructed and furnished with typical materials. Experiments were conducted at three smoking rates (5, 10, and 20 cigarettes day(-1)), three ventilation rates (0.3, 0.6, and 2 h(-1)), and three furnishing levels (wallboard with aluminum flooring, wallboard with carpet, and full furnishings). Smoking rate did not affect EREFs, suggesting that sorption was linearly related to gas-phase concentration. Furnishing level and ventilation rate in the model room had little effect on EREFs of several ETS compounds including 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, acrylonitrile, benzene, toluene, and styrene. However, sorptive losses at low ventilation with full furnishings reduced EREFs for the ETS tracers nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine by as much as 90 and 65% as compared to high ventilation, wallboard/aluminum experiments. Likewise, sorptive losses were 40-70% for phenol, cresols, naphthalene, and methyinaphthalenes. Sorption persisted for many compounds; for example, almost all of the sorbed nicotine and most of the sorbed cresol remained sorbed 3 days after smoking. EREFs can be used in models and with ETS tracer-based methods to refine and improve estimates of exposures to ETS constituents. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Singer, BC (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008 OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357 NR 29 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 846 EP 853 DI 10.1021/es011058w PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526NK UT WOS:000174136400020 PM 11918006 ER PT J AU Dong, HL Onstott, TC Deflaun, MF Fuller, ME Scheibe, TD Streger, SH Rothmel, RK Mailloux, BJ AF Dong, HL Onstott, TC Deflaun, MF Fuller, ME Scheibe, TD Streger, SH Rothmel, RK Mailloux, BJ TI Relative dominance of physical versus chemical effects on the transport of adhesion-deficient bacteria in intact cores from South Oyster, Virginia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SANDY AQUIFER; VIRUS TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; IN-SITU; GROUNDWATER; SURFACE; CAMPBELLREHMANN,LINDA,L.; WELTY,CLAIRE AB Bacterial transport experiments were conducted using intact sediment cores collected from sites on the Delmarva Peninsula near South Oyster, VA, to delineate the relative importance of physical and chemical heterogeneity in controlling transport of an adhesion-deficient bacterial strain. Electron microscopy revealed that the sediments consisted of quartz and feldspar with a variable amount of clay and iron and aluminum hydroxide coatings on the grains. A nonmotile, Gram-negative indigenous groundwater strain, designated as Comamonas sp. DA001, was injected into the cores along with a conservative tracer bromide (Br). DA001 cells were 1.2 x 0.6 mum in size with a hydrophilic surface and a slightly negative surface charge. Bacterial breakthrough preceded that of Br. This differential advection phenomenon can be accounted for by reduction of the effective porosity for the bacteria relative to Br. The distribution of cells remaining in the core as determined by scintillation counting and phosphor imaging techniques was variable, ranging from nearly uniform concentrations throughout the core to exponentially decreasing concentrations with distance from the point of injection. The fraction of bacterial retention in the core was positively correlated with the abundance of the metal hydroxides and negatively correlated with grain size. Because grain size was inversely correlated with the abundance of the metal hydroxide coatings, it was necessary to separate the effects of grain size and mineralogy. The fraction of the bacterial retention accounting for the effect of grain size, the collision efficiency, exhibited no correlation with the abundance of the metal hydroxides, indicating that the bacterial retention was primarily controlled by grain size. Reasons for the lack of influence of mineralogy on bacterial transport include (i) the slightly negatively charged bacterial surfaces; (ii) an insufficient heterogeneity of sediment surface properties; and (iii) the masking of the positive charge of the metal hydroxide surfaces by adsorbed organic carbon (up to 1180 ppm). This study demonstrates that the laboratory-based bacterial transport experiments are effective in delineating physical versus chemical controlling factors and provide an important link to field-based bacterial transport studies. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Envirogen Inc, Princeton Res Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dong, HL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772 NR 38 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 891 EP 900 DI 10.1021/es010144t PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526NK UT WOS:000174136400026 PM 11918012 ER PT J AU Barnett, MO Jardine, PM Brooks, SC AF Barnett, MO Jardine, PM Brooks, SC TI U(VI) adsorption to heterogeneous subsurface media: Application of a surface complexation model SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URANIUM(VI); SORPTION; MONTMORILLONITE; HEMATITE; SMECTITE; URANYL AB The pH-dependent adsorption of U(VI) onto three heterogeneous, subsurface media from the Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge Reservation, Savannah River Site, and Hanford Reservation was investigated. The three materials contained significant quantities of iron and manganese oxides with nearly identical extractable iron oxide contents (25.3-25.8 g/kg). A model independently developed for the adsorption of U(VI) to synthetic ferrihydrite (Waite, T. D.; Davis, J. A.; Payne, T. E.; Waychunas, G. A,; Xu, N. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1994, 58, 54655478) was able to predict the major features of the pH-dependent U(VI) adsorption to the materials under the assumption that all the dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate extractable iron oxide was present as ferrihydrite. Further experiments with the Oak Ridge soil as a function of carbonate and U(VI) concentration indicated that the model could predict pH-dependent U(VI) adsorption to within a root mean square error of 0.163-0.408, even under conditions outside of those for which the model was developed. These results indicate that this model could be used as a first approximation in predicting U(VI) adsorption and transport in the subsurface. U(VI) adsorption also decreased at pH >10, even in the absence of carbonate, which is of potential importance to U(VI) mobility in extreme environments present in the subsurface at some DOE facilities. The pH-dependent adsorption of U(VI) was fundamentally different in systems with a constant CO2 partial pressure as compared to a constant total carbonate concentration. Experiments at constant CO2 partial pressure may not be representative of the conditions present in the subsurface, and a constant carbonate concentration does not always result in decreased U(VI) adsorption at higher pH values. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnett, MO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012 OI Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788 NR 24 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 10 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 937 EP 942 DI 10.1021/es010846i PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526NK UT WOS:000174136400032 PM 11918020 ER PT J AU Brusseau, ML Zhang, ZH Nelson, NT Cain, RB Tick, GR Oostrom, M AF Brusseau, ML Zhang, ZH Nelson, NT Cain, RB Tick, GR Oostrom, M TI Dissolution of nonuniformly distributed immiscible liquid: Intermediate-scale experiments and mathematical modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; MASS-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; DENSE CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; NAPL DISSOLUTION; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; MULTIPHASE FLOW; TRANSFER RATES; TRANSPORT AB The purpose of this work is to examine the effect of nonuniform distributions of immiscible organic liquid on dissolution behavior, with a specific focus on the condition dependency of dissolution (i.e., mass transfer) rate coefficients associated with applying mathematical models of differing complexities to measured data. Dissolution experiments were conducted using intermediate-scale flow cells packed with sand in which well-characterized zones of residual trichloroethene (TCE) and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCA) saturation were emplaced. A dual-energy gamma radiation system was used for in-situ measurement of NAPL saturation. Aqueous concentrations of TCE and DCA measured in the flow-cell effluent were significantly less than solubility, due primarily to dilution associated with the nonuniform immiscible-liquid distribution and bypass flow effects associated with physical heterogeneity. A quantitative analysis of flow and transport was conducted using a three-dimensional mathematical model wherein immiscible-liquid distribution, permeability variability, and sampling effects were explicitly considered. Independent values for the initial dissolution rate coefficients were obtained from dissolution experiments conducted using homogeneously packed columns. The independent predictions obtained from the model provided good representations of NAPL dissolution behavior and of total TCE/DCA mass removed, signifying model robustness. This indicates that for the complex three-dimensional model, explicit consideration of the larger scale factors that influenced immiscible-liquid dissolution in the flow calls allowed the use of a dissolution rate coefficient that represents only local-scale mass transfer processes. Conversely, the use of simpler models that did not explicitly consider the nonuniform immiscible-liquid distribution required the use of dissolution rate coefficients that are similar to3 orders of magnitude smaller than the values obtained from the column experiments. The rate coefficients associated with the simpler models represent composite or lumped coefficients that incorporate the effects of the larger scale dissolution processes associated with the nonuniform immiscible-liquid distribution, which are not explicitly represented in the simpler models, as well as local-scale mass transfer. These results demonstrate that local-scale dissolution rate coefficients, such as those obtained from column experiments, can be used in models to successfully predict dissolution and transport of immiscible-liquid constituents at larger scales when the larger scale factors influencing dissolution behavior are explicitly accounted for in the model. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Daniel B Stephens & Associates Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brusseau, ML (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Shantz Bldg,Room 429, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1033 EP 1041 DI 10.1021/es010609f PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526NK UT WOS:000174136400045 PM 11917988 ER PT J AU Lukens, WW Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK AF Lukens, WW Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK TI Products of pertechnetate radiolysis in highly alkaline solution: Structure of TcO2 center dot xH(2)O SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; X-RAY STRUCTURE; OXOTECHNETIUM(V) COMPLEXES; HANFORD SITE; WASTE; TECHNETIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL; LIGAND; STORAGE AB The chemistry of technetium in certain high-level nuclear waste (HLW) tanks at the Hanford Site complicates the treatment and vitrification of HLW. A major problem is the presence, in certain tanks, of unidentified, lower-valent technetium species, which are difficult to remove from the waste by current separation processes. Radiolytic reduction of TcO4- in alkaline solutions containing selected organic compounds, approximating the conditions in HLW, was investigated to determine the classes of compounds that can be formed under these conditions. Insoluble TcO2.xH(2)O is the primary radiolysis product with the majority of organic compounds investigated, including citrate, dibutyl phosphate, and aminopolycarboxylates. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements show that TcO2.xH(2)O has a one-dimensional chain structure consisting of edge-sharing TcO6 octahedra with bridging oxide and trans water ligands. When diols, such as ethylene glycol, are present, only soluble, Tc(IV) alkoxide compounds are produced. The XAFS and UV-visible spectra of these compounds provide evidence for a binuclear structure similar to (H(2)EDTA)(2)Tc-2(mu-O)(2). The properties of the Tc(IV) alkoxide complexes were determined and are consistent with those observed for the soluble, lower-valent technetium complexes that complicate the treatment of HLW at the Hanford site. C1 Ernest O Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lukens, WW (reprint author), Ernest O Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 54 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1124 EP 1129 DI 10.1021/es015653+ PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526NK UT WOS:000174136400057 PM 11918000 ER PT J AU Giesbrecht, GR Gordon, JC Brady, JT Clark, DL Keogh, DW Michalczyk, R Scott, BL Watkin, JG AF Giesbrecht, GR Gordon, JC Brady, JT Clark, DL Keogh, DW Michalczyk, R Scott, BL Watkin, JG TI Interactions of remote alkyl groups with lanthanide metal centers: Synthesis, characterization and ligand redistribution reactions of heterobimetallic species containing trialkylaluminum fragments SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lanthanides samarium; aluminum; O ligands; agostic interactions ID X-RAY STRUCTURE; LN = LA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COMPLEXES; PRECURSORS; ALKOXIDES; REACTIVITY; ARYLOXIDES; YTTRIUM; CH(SIME3)2 AB The reaction of [Ln(OAr)(3)](2) with four equivalents of trialkyl-aluminum leads to the formation of the bis-trialkylaluminum adducts (ArO)Ln[(mu-OAr)(rho-R)AlR2](2) [Ln = La, R = Me (1); Ln = La, R = Et (3); Ln = Sm, R = Et (4)]. The X-ray crystal structure of I reveals short La-C(bridging) distances of 2.800(5) and 2.759(5) Angstrom. A reduced (1)J(C.H) coupling constant of 110 Hz and a low energy v(C-H) stretch in the solution and solid state IR spectra are consistent with a strong agostic La...H-C interaction in solution. Crystal data for 1: a = 11.708(2) Angstrom; b = 18.416(4) Angstrom; c = 20.949(4) Angstrom; alpha = 90degrees; beta = 90degrees; gamma = 90degrees; V = 4516.8(15) Angstrom(3); Z = 4; R1 = 4.69%. The solid-state structure of the samarium. ethyl derivative 4 reveals close contacts of 2,627(4) and 2.649(4) A between the samarium center and the methylene carbons of the triethylaluminum. groups, The room temperature C-13 NMR spectrum of 4 exhibits a (1)J(C-H) coupling constant of 102 Hz; additionally, the fluxional process that exchanges methyl groups in 1 and 2 is slow enough on the NMR time scale to allow distinct methylene groups in 4 to be observed. Crystal data for 4: a = 19.318(1) Angstrom; b = 20.150(1) Angstrom; c = 26.280(1) Angstrom; alpha = 90degrees; beta = 90degrees; gamma = 90degrees; V = 10229.8(9) Angstrom(3); Z = 8; R1 = 3.53%. Thermolysis of 1-4 results in ligand redistribution to form [R2Al(OAr)](2) [R = Me, Et (5)] and other unidentified species. Crystal data for 5: a 9.496(4) Angstrom; b = 10.183(4) Angstrom; c = 18.794(7) Angstrom; alpha = 90.06(1)degrees; beta = 92.394(7)degrees; gamma = 114.976(6)degrees; gamma = 1645.6(11) Angstrom(3); Z = 2; R1 = 10.13%. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jgorgdon@lanl.gov RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Michalczyk, Ryszard/0000-0001-8839-6473 NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 EI 1099-0682 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD MAR PY 2002 IS 3 BP 723 EP 731 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 527RN UT WOS:000174200800029 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND AF Volkow, ND TI Involvement of dopamine in drug reinforcement and addiction in human subjects SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID COCAINE C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-977X J9 EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM JI Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 SU 1 BP S7 EP S7 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 538VF UT WOS:000174835200009 ER PT J AU Bill, A Kresin, VZ AF Bill, A Kresin, VZ TI Intercalation and high temperature superconductivity of fullerides SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID CHCL3; CHF3; C-60 AB Intercalation of polyatomic molecules into a superconductor can drastically affect the properties of the compound. A mechanism responsible for a large increase in T-c for such systems is proposed. It explains the recent remarkable observation of high T-c superconductivity in the hole-doped C-60/CHX3 (X=Cl, Br) compounds and the large shift in their T-c upon Cl-->Br substitution. The increase in T-c is due to contribution tu the pairing arising from the interaction of electrons with the vibrational manifold of the molecule, The proposed mechanism opens up the possibility to observe a site-selective isotope effect. We also suggest that intercalating CHI3 would further increase the critical temperature to T-c similar or equal to 140 K. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bill, A (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD MAR PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1140/epjb/e20020058 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 543GK UT WOS:000175092900001 ER PT J AU Vecchione, A Gombos, M Pace, S Marchese, L Cerrato, G Tedesco, C Stephens, PW Noce, C AF Vecchione, A Gombos, M Pace, S Marchese, L Cerrato, G Tedesco, C Stephens, PW Noce, C TI Crystal structure and morphology of the NdSr2RuCu2Oy compound SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID RUSR2GDCU2O8; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; GD; MAGNETIZATION; COEXISTENCE; EU AB We report, the, preparation and the structural and morphological characterization of the perovskite compound NdSr2RuCu2Oy,. The crystal structure of this material has been determined by a combined high-resolution electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction study. The morphology of the samples has been monitored by a scanning electron microscope. equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer attachment by which the microanalysis of the crystallites has been also performed. Finally, dc magnetic susceptibility measurements show that this compound behaves like an enhanced paramagnetic metal with evidence of neither magnetic order and neither superconducting one. C1 Univ Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Avanzate, I-15100 Alessandria, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim IFM, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Salerno, Dept Chim, I-84081 Salerno, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello, INFM, Unita Salerno, I-84081 Salerno, Italy. RP Vecchione, A (reprint author), Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello, INFM, Unita Salerno, I-84081 Salerno, Italy. EM canio@sa.infn.it RI Gombos, Marcello/I-6445-2012; Tedesco, Consiglia/B-2296-2013; OI Vecchione, Antonio/0000-0001-6848-6084 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD MAR PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1140/epjb/c20020065 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 543GK UT WOS:000175092900008 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, N Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Paganis, S Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Bednarek, B Grabowska-Bold, L Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Mindur, B Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Borras, K Chiochia, V Crittenden, J Dannheim, D Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hebbel, K Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labes, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Martens, J Martinez, M Milite, M Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stonjek, S Surrow, B Whitmore, JJ Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Coldewey, C Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Lee, SW Lupi, A McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Bodmann, B Gendner, N Holm, U Salehi, H Wick, K Yildirim, A Ziegler, A Carli, T Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Lohrmann, E Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Ahn, SH Lee, SB Park, SK Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Garcia, G Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Bashkirov, V Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Schagen, S Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grosse-Knetter, J Matsushita, T Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Adamczyk, L Iannotti, L Oh, BY Saull, PRB Toothacker, WS Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kohno, T Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Sztuk, J Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Breitweg, J Chapin, D Cross, R Kcira, D Lammers, S Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Menary, S AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, N Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Paganis, S Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Bednarek, B Grabowska-Bold, L Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Mindur, B Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Borras, K Chiochia, V Crittenden, J Dannheim, D Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hebbel, K Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labes, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Martens, J Martinez, M Milite, M Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stonjek, S Surrow, B Whitmore, JJ Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Coldewey, C Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Lee, SW Lupi, A McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Bodmann, B Gendner, N Holm, U Salehi, H Wick, K Yildirim, A Ziegler, A Carli, T Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Lohrmann, E Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Ahn, SH Lee, SB Park, SK Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Garcia, G Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Bashkirov, V Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Schagen, S Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grosse-Knetter, J Matsushita, T Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Adamczyk, L Iannotti, L Oh, BY Saull, PRB Toothacker, WS Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kohno, T Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Sztuk, J Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Breitweg, J Chapin, D Cross, R Kcira, D Lammers, S Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Menary, S CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Dijet production in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID LEPTON-NUCLEON SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; STRONG-COUPLING CONSTANT; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; GLUON DENSITY; QCD ANALYSIS; LOW-X; PERTURBATION-THEORY AB Dijet cross sections in neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering have been measured in the range 10 < Q(2) < 10(4) GeV2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 38.4 pb(-1). The cross sections, measured in the Breit frame using the k(T) jet algorithm. are compared with next-toleading-order perturbative QCD calculations using proton parton distribution functions. The uncertainties of the QCD calculations have been studied. The predictions are in reasonable agreement with the measured cross sections over the entire kinematic range. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Min & Met Krakow, Fac Phys & Nucl Techniques, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. UCL, Phys & Astron Dept, London, England. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Bailey, David C/0000-0002-7970-7839; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; PAGANIS, STATHES/0000-0002-1950-8993 NR 63 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s100520100845 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 534XC UT WOS:000174614200002 ER PT J AU Amsler, C Barnett, BM Benayoun, M Bischoff, S Blum, P Case, T Crowe, KM Degener, T Doser, M Engelhardt, D Giarritta, P Haddock, RP Heinsius, FH Heinzelmann, M Herbstrith, A Hidas, P Kalinowsky, H Kammel, P Kisiel, J Koch, H Kunze, M Kurilla, U Lakata, M Landua, R Matthay, H Meyer, CA Montanet, L Ouared, R Peters, K Pick, B Ratajczak, M Regenfus, C Spanier, S Stock, H Strohbusch, U Suffert, M Suh, JS Thoma, U Tischhauser, M Walther, D Wiedner, U Wittmack, K AF Amsler, C Barnett, BM Benayoun, M Bischoff, S Blum, P Case, T Crowe, KM Degener, T Doser, M Engelhardt, D Giarritta, P Haddock, RP Heinsius, FH Heinzelmann, M Herbstrith, A Hidas, P Kalinowsky, H Kammel, P Kisiel, J Koch, H Kunze, M Kurilla, U Lakata, M Landua, R Matthay, H Meyer, CA Montanet, L Ouared, R Peters, K Pick, B Ratajczak, M Regenfus, C Spanier, S Stock, H Strohbusch, U Suffert, M Suh, JS Thoma, U Tischhauser, M Walther, D Wiedner, U Wittmack, K CA Crystal Barrel Collaboration TI Proton-antiproton annihilation at 900 MeV/c into pi(0)pi(0)pi(0), pi(0)pi(0)eta and pi(0)eta eta SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; COUPLED-CHANNEL ANALYSIS; CENTRALLY PRODUCED K+K; (P)OVER-BAR-P ANNIHILATION; F(0)(1500) DECAY; PP INTERACTIONS; SCALAR GLUEBALL; HIGH-STATISTICS; CRYSTAL-BARREL; 450 GEV/C AB The three reactions (P) over barp -->pi(0) pi(0) pi(0), pi(0) pi(0) eta and pi(0)etaeta in proton-antiproton annihilation in flight at 900 MeV/c are used to search for isoscalar 0(++) and 2(++) mesons in the mass range 1000-2000 MeV, in particular the f(0)(1710). The description of both pi(0) pi(0) pi(0) and pi(0)etaeta data sets requires an isoscalar tensor resonance decaying into pi(0) pi(0) and etaeta with a mass of (1867 +/- 46) MeV and a width of (385 +/- 58) MeV. The ratio of partial widths Gamma(etaeta) /Gamma(etaeta) is 0.27 +/- 0.10. The analyses of both pi(0) pi(0) pi(0) and pi(0)etaeta show no signal for the f(0)(1710). The pi(0) etaeta data set shows a strong signal of the f(2)(')(1525) suggesting a large OZI rule violation for tensor meson production in (p) over barp annihilation. The pi(0) pi(0) pi(0) data set also requires the f(2)(1565). The signal for the f(2)(1810) reported by earlier experiments is confirmed neither in pi(0) pi(0) pi(0) nor in pi(0) etaeta. The analysis of pi(0) pi(0) eta leads to an isovector tenser state decaying into pi(0)eta with a mass of (1698 +/- 44) MeV and a width of (265 +/- 55)MeV. C1 Univ Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-4780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Hungarian Acad Sci, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Rech Nucl, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. RP Amsler, C (reprint author), Univ Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; OI Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Heinsius, Fritz-Herbert/0000-0002-9545-5117 NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s100520100860 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 534XC UT WOS:000174614200003 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bucher, D Busching, H Carlen, L Chattopadhyay, S Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Donni, P Majumdar, MRD El Chenawi, K Enosawa, K Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Kamermans, R Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Lebedev, A Lohner, H Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Miake, Y Mishra, GC Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Mukhanova, T Mukhopadhyay, DS Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Peressounko, D Petracek, V Plasil, F Purschke, ML Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Rao, NK Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Rubio, JM Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Sood, G Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Sumbera, M Svensson, T Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L vander Pijll, EC von Eijndhoven, N von Nieuwenhuizen GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Young, GR AF Aggarwal, MM Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bucher, D Busching, H Carlen, L Chattopadhyay, S Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Donni, P Majumdar, MRD El Chenawi, K Enosawa, K Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Kamermans, R Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Lebedev, A Lohner, H Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Miake, Y Mishra, GC Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Mukhanova, T Mukhopadhyay, DS Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Peressounko, D Petracek, V Plasil, F Purschke, ML Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Rao, NK Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Rubio, JM Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Sood, G Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Sumbera, M Svensson, T Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L vander Pijll, EC von Eijndhoven, N von Nieuwenhuizen GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Young, GR CA WA98 Collaboration TI Transverse mass distributions of neutral pions from Pb-208-induced reactions at 158 center dot A GeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID INTERSECTING STORAGE-RINGS; PB-208+PB-208 COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; 200 AGEV; 158A GEV; P-P; MOMENTUM; MODEL; CERN AB Results on transverse mass spectra of neutral pious measured at central rapidity are presented for impact parameter selected 158-A GeV Pb + Pb-1 and Pb + Nb collisions. The distributions cover the range 0.5 GeV/c(2) less than or equal to MT - Mo less than or equal to 4 GeV/c(2). The change of the spectral shape and the multiplicity with centrality is studied in detail. In going from p+p to semi-peripheral Pb+Pb collisions there is a nuclear enhancement increasing with transverse mass similar to the well known Cronin effect, while for very central collisions this enhancement appears to be weaker than expected. C1 Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. GSI Darmstadt, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Groningen, KVI, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RRC Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Univ Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Ecole Mines, SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Nucl Phys Inst, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. NIKHEF, Univ Utrecht, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Aggarwal, MM (reprint author), Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Lohner, Herbert/B-2397-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Lohner, Herbert/0000-0002-7441-739X; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914 NR 43 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s100520100886 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 537ZD UT WOS:000174788800002 ER PT J AU Bearden, IG Boggild, H Boissevain, J Christiansen, PHL Conin, L Dodd, J Erazmus, B Esumi, S Fabjan, CW Ferenc, D Franz, A Gaardhoje, JJ Hansen, AG Hansen, O Hardtke, D van Hecke, H Holzer, EB Humanic, TJ Hummel, P Jacak, BV Kaimi, K Kaneta, M Kohama, T Kopytine, M Leltchouk, M Ljubicic, A Lorstad, B Martin, L Medvedev, A Murray, M Ohnishi, H Paic, G Pandey, SU Piuz, F Pluta, J Polychronakos, V Potekhin, M Poulard, G Reichhold, D Sakaguchi, A Schmidt-Sorensen, J Simon-Gillo, J Sondheim, W Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Willis, WJ Wolf, K Xu, N Zachary, DS AF Bearden, IG Boggild, H Boissevain, J Christiansen, PHL Conin, L Dodd, J Erazmus, B Esumi, S Fabjan, CW Ferenc, D Franz, A Gaardhoje, JJ Hansen, AG Hansen, O Hardtke, D van Hecke, H Holzer, EB Humanic, TJ Hummel, P Jacak, BV Kaimi, K Kaneta, M Kohama, T Kopytine, M Leltchouk, M Ljubicic, A Lorstad, B Martin, L Medvedev, A Murray, M Ohnishi, H Paic, G Pandey, SU Piuz, F Pluta, J Polychronakos, V Potekhin, M Poulard, G Reichhold, D Sakaguchi, A Schmidt-Sorensen, J Simon-Gillo, J Sondheim, W Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Willis, WJ Wolf, K Xu, N Zachary, DS TI Deuteron and triton production with high energy sulphur and lead beams SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PLUS PB COLLISIONS; PB+PB COLLISIONS; COLLECTIVE EXPANSION; AU+AU COLLISIONS; MID-RAPIDITY; 14.6A GEV/C; SPECTRA; ENHANCEMENT; COALESCENCE AB Proton and deuteron production has been observed in S+S and S+Pb collisions at 200 A-GeV and in Pb+Pb reactions at 158 A-GeV at the CERN SPS accelerator. For Pb+Pb triton production was also measured. The p and d spectra as well as the p and t spectra were observed in similar rapidity ranges and over similar ranges of transverse momenta per nucleon, making it possible to interpret the cross sections of the composite particles in terms of coalescence mechanisms. Volumes of homogeneity were extracted and compared to pion-pair HBT interferometry results. Special attention is given to the dependence on transverse mass, centrality and rapidity. C1 Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nucl Phys Lab Nantes, F-44072 Nantes, France. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. Texas A&M Univ, Cyclotron Inst, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11973 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; OI Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Christiansen, Peter/0000-0001-7066-3473; Gaardhoje, Jens-Jorgen/0000-0001-6122-4698 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s100520100877 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 537ZD UT WOS:000174788800003 ER PT J AU Ionescu, DC Belkacem, A AF Ionescu, DC Belkacem, A TI Dynamics of ionization mechanisms in relativistic collisions involving heavy and highly-charged ions SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID SADDLE-POINT ELECTRONS; K-SHELL EXCITATION; ATOM COLLISIONS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; H-LIKE; EMISSION; EQUATION AB The dynamics of mechanisms associated with the ionization of inner-shell electrons in relativistic collisions involving heavy and highly-charged ions is investigated within a nonperturbative approach formulated explicitly in the time domain. The theoretical treatment is based on the exact numerical solution of the time dependent Dirac equation for two Coulomb centers on a lattice in momentum space. We present results for ionization in encounters between 100 MeV/u Au79+ projectile ions impinging on a hydrogen-like uranium target. By directly visualizing the collision dynamics we identify a new ionization mechanism in which electrons are emitted from the internuclear region preferentially in the transverse direction with respect to the projectile trajectory. A striking characteristic of this ionization mechanism is that the velocity of the electron is higher than the projectile velocity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Div Phys, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Theoret Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RP Ionescu, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 71-259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1140/epjd/e20020034 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 533TP UT WOS:000174546700005 ER PT J AU Lontano, M Ryutov, D AF Lontano, M Ryutov, D TI Long-range perturbations produced by a localized packet of ion-acoustic waves in a collisionless plasma SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION AB A well localized packet of ion-acoustic waves propagating in a collisionless unmagnetized plasma produces long-range second-order perturbations of the moments of the electron distribution function due to those electrons which cross the region where the electric field is present, take a "kick". and carry this information at large distances from the packet itself. An extended "halo" is thus formed around the wavepacket, with an intensity decreasing in space typically according to a power-law. This "halo" contains electrostatic as well as magnetic perturbations. C1 CNR, EURATOM Assoc, ENEA, Inst Fis Plasma Piero Caldirola, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lontano, M (reprint author), CNR, EURATOM Assoc, ENEA, Inst Fis Plasma Piero Caldirola, I-20133 Milan, Italy. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1140/epjd/e20020040 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 533TP UT WOS:000174546700011 ER PT J AU Olson, CJ Reichhardt, C McCloskey, M Zieve, RJ AF Olson, CJ Reichhardt, C McCloskey, M Zieve, RJ TI Effect of grain anisotropy on ordering, stability and dynamics in granular systems SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; REPOSE; ANGLE; PARTICLES; PACKINGS; RELAXATION; ELLIPSES; FRICTION; MODELS AB With experiments and simulations, we show that monomer, dimer, and trimer beads in 2D represent an ideal system in which specific types of order, dynamics, and granular stability can be controlled. We determine the distinct types of ordering for increasing grain anisotropy. Dimers possess a quasi-ordered state in which translational but not orientational order exists, while trimers are disordered. We show that these different orderings give rise to specific types of flow. Monomers show a large-scale collective ordered shear motion, dimers show tumbling motion near the surface, and trimers show disorderly bulk tumbling. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Olson, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 6 BP 904 EP 910 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00596-9 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 532AD UT WOS:000174448700020 ER PT J AU Olivella, MA Palacios, JM Vairavamurthy, A del Rio, JC de las Heras, FXC AF Olivella, MA Palacios, JM Vairavamurthy, A del Rio, JC de las Heras, FXC TI A study of sulfur functionalities in fossil fuels using destructive- (ASTM and Py-GC-MS) and non-destructive- (SEM-EDX, XANES and XPS) techniques SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE organic sulfur; pyrolysis; X-ray spectroscopy; sulfur-rich kerogens ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; ORGANIC SULFUR; STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; SPAIN; COAL; ASPHALTENES; SPECIATION; SEDIMENTS AB A set of Spanish coals and oil shales were studied using destructive and non-destructive techniques to identify the functionalities of the sulfur compounds. The selected samples included organic-sulfur-rich Spanish lignites mined in the Mequinenza, Utrillas and Calaf basins; calcareous source-rocks from Organya and sulfur-rich oil shales from Ribesalbes. Using analytical pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we estimated the ratio S-org/C in these coals and oil shales, and compared them with those obtained by the ASTM method D2492. Also, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) allowed the direct determination of organic sulfur content in coals. Two major non-destructive techniques, XANES and XPS, were used to investigate sulfur functionalities, such as pyritic, sulfidic, thiophenic, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonate and sulfate forms. The study shows that sulfur characterization in coal is not without difficulties and no method is exempt from problems and the introduction of possible artifacts. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Catalunya, Escola Univ Politecn Manresa, E-08240 Manresa, Catalonia, Spain. CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petroleoquim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP de las Heras, FXC (reprint author), Univ Politecn Catalunya, Escola Univ Politecn Manresa, Av Bases Manresa 61-73, E-08240 Manresa, Catalonia, Spain. RI del Rio, Jose/I-8325-2012; de las Heras, F. Xavier C./N-9657-2013 OI del Rio, Jose/0000-0002-3040-6787; de las Heras, F. Xavier C./0000-0002-9865-5878 NR 26 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 IS 4 BP 405 EP 411 AR PII S0016-2361(01)00198-3 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00198-3 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 529FM UT WOS:000174289400003 ER PT J AU Swain, DW Goulding, RH Ryan, PM AF Swain, DW Goulding, RH Ryan, PM TI Tests of the ITER prototype ion cyclotron antenna SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ITER; ion cyclotron heating; ion cyclotron antenna AB A prototype antenna for the ITER ion cyclotron system, based on a resonant double loop antenna design from the 1998 Engineering Design Activity, has been built and tested. Electrical properties of the antenna were measured and were in agreement with theoretical calculations. Results of high-power experiments in vacuum showed that the antenna could operate at voltages in excess of 60 kV for multisecond pulses. The stub tuning arrangement proposed for use on ITER was demonstrated to work. These results validate the original design concept of the ITER antenna. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Swain, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521WC UT WOS:000173863500001 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD AF Ryutov, DD TI Alpha particles play a relatively minor role in magnetized target fusion systems SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetized target fusion; alpha-particle effects; dense plasmas AB Two problems related to alpha particle physics in magnetized target fusion (MTF) systems are briefly discussed. First, we evaluate the pressure and density of alpha particles under the assumption that they are perfectly confined and have a classical slowing-down distribution. It turns out that because of a comparatively low plasma temperature in MTF systems, the relative pressure and density of alpha particles are more than an order of magnitude less than in fusion reactors based on ITER-type tokamaks. Therefore, one may expect that even in the extreme case of a perfect confinement of alpha particles, their presence will have a much weaker (than in the case of tokamaks) effect on plasma stability and transport. Second, we discuss the kinetics of plasma burn under the opposite extreme assumption that all the alpha particles are instantaneously lost, without leaving any energy in a plasma. It turns out that even in this case, the plasma energy yield in batch-burn systems is only weakly affected by burnout effects. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-630, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 88 EP 91 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521WC UT WOS:000173863500003 ER PT J AU Hoffman, AL Guo, HYY SLough, JT Tobin, SJ Schrank, LS Reass, WA Wurden, GA AF Hoffman, AL Guo, HYY SLough, JT Tobin, SJ Schrank, LS Reass, WA Wurden, GA TI The TCS rotating magnetic field FRC current-drive experiment SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE field-reversed configuration; rotating magnetic field; Translation, Confinement, and Sustainment facility ID REVERSED CONFIGURATION PLASMA; ROTAMAK DISCHARGES; GENERATION; MIRROR AB Field-reversed configurations (FRCs) have extremely attractive reactor attributes because of their singly connected geometry. They have been created in theta-pinch devices, but being compact toroids and lacking a center hole, their toroidal current cannot be sustained by transformer action as in other toroidal configurations. A new device, the Translation, Confinement, and Sustainment (TCS) facility has been constructed to use rotating magnetic fields (RMFs) to build up and sustain the flux of hot FRCs formed by the normal theta-pinch method. RMF formation and sustainment of similar, but cold, pure poloidal field configurations have been demonstrated in devices called rotamaks, and RMF formation, but not sustainment, has been achieved in a smaller FRC facility, called the Star Thrust Experiment (STY). Initial formation and sustainment have now been achieved in TCS, albeit still with cold (T-e similar to 50 eV) plasmas. Both the formation and final steady-state conditions are found to agree with newly developed analytic and numerical models for RMF flux buildup and sustainment inside a standard cylindrical flux conserver. The required plasma conditions (mainly resistivity but also density) can now be determined for the planned hot FRC, RMF flux buildup experiments and for eventual reactor conditions. C1 Univ Washington, Redmond Plasma Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoffman, AL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Redmond Plasma Phys Lab, Box 352250, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 28 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 92 EP 106 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521WC UT WOS:000173863500004 ER PT J AU Strickler, DJ Berry, LA Hirshman, SP AF Strickler, DJ Berry, LA Hirshman, SP TI Designing coils for compact stellarators SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compact stellarator; modular coil design; coil optimization ID MAGNETIC-SURFACES; OPTIMIZATION AB A method is presented for designing coils for compact stellarators. In contrast to methods that select a finite number of coils from an optimal continuous surface current distribution, the COILOPT code solves for the optimal parameters in an explicit representation of modular coils on a toroidal winding surface that is well separated from the plasma boundary, together with the coefficients of the winding surface. The problem is posed as a balance between approximating a prescribed magnetic configuration and satisfying certain critical engineering requirements. Results are presented for quasi-axisymmetric and quasi-poloidal compact stellarator designs. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Strickler, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521WC UT WOS:000173863500005 ER PT J AU Clarke, WB Oliver, BM AF Clarke, WB Oliver, BM TI Response to "Comments on 'search for He-3 and 4He in Arata-style palladium cathodes II: Evidence for tritium production SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Clarke, WB (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 153 EP 154 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 521WC UT WOS:000173863500010 ER PT J AU Ongena, JPHE Evrard, M McCune, D AF Ongena, JPHE Evrard, M McCune, D TI Numerical transport codes SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Carolus Magnus Eruo-Summer School on Plasma and Fusion Energy Physics CY SEP 10-21, 2001 CL BAD HONNEF, GERMANY SP Inst Plasmaphysik, Forsch Zentrum Julich GmbH, Lab Plasma Phys, Ecole royale Militaire, Koninklijke Militaire Sch, Belgian State, Inst Plasmfysica Rijnhuizen, European Commiss, Res DG, Human Potential Programme, High Level Sci Conf, Deutsch Foresch Gemeinsch ID ION THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TOKAMAK PLASMA; RECONSTRUCTION; CONFINEMENT; PROFILE AB This paper gives a brief introduction on numerical transport codes. The relevant equations which are used in these codes are established, and on the basis of these equations, the necessary calculations needed to resolve them are pointed out. Finally, some examples are given, illustrating their application. C1 EURATOM Etat Belge, Ecole Royale Militaire, Koninklijke Militaire Sch, Lab Plasmafysica, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ongena, JPHE (reprint author), EURATOM Etat Belge, Ecole Royale Militaire, Koninklijke Militaire Sch, Lab Plasmafysica, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2T BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 536CN UT WOS:000174683300034 ER PT J AU Carroll, SA Maxwell, RS Bourcier, W Martin, S Hulsey, S AF Carroll, SA Maxwell, RS Bourcier, W Martin, S Hulsey, S TI Evaluation of silica-water surface chemistry using NMR spectroscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; QUARTZ DISSOLUTION; BOROSILICATE GLASS; SI-29 NMR; 25-DEGREES-C; PH; INTERFACE; GEL AB We have combined traditional batch and flow-through dissolution experiments. multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and surface complexation modeling to re-evaluate amorphous silica reactivity as a function of solution pH and reaction affinity in NaCl and CsCl solutions. The NMR data suggest that changes in surface speciation are driven by solution pH and to a lesser extent alkali concentrations, and not by reaction time or Saturation state. The Si-29 cross-polarization NMR results show that the concentration of silanol surface complexes decreases with increasing pH, suggesting that silanol sites polymerize to form siloxane bonds with increasing pH. Increases in silica surface charge are offset by sorption of alkali cations to ionized sites with increasing pH. It is the increase in these ionized sites that appears to control silica polymorph dissolution rates as a function of pH. The Na-23 and Cs-133 NMR results show that the alkali cations form outersphere surface complexes and that the concentration of these complexes increases with increasing pH. Changes in surface chemistry cannot explain decreases in dissolution rates as amorphous silica saturation is approached, We find no evidence for repolymerization of the silanol surface complexes to siloxane complexes at longer reaction times and constant pH. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carroll, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 54 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 913 EP 926 AR PII S0016-7037(01)00827-4 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00827-4 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 531XT UT WOS:000174443100001 ER PT J AU Masiello, CA Druffel, ERM Currie, LA AF Masiello, CA Druffel, ERM Currie, LA TI Radiocarbon measurements of black carbon in aerosols and ocean sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL CARBON; DIESEL EXHAUST; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SOILS; ACIDS AB Black carbon (BC) is the combustion-altered, solid residue remaining after biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion. Radiocarbon measurements of BC provide information on the residence time of BC in organic carbon pools like soils and sediments, and also provide information on the source of BC by distinguishing between fossil fuel and biomass combustion byproducts. We have optimized dichromate-sulfuric acid oxidation for the measurement of radiocarbon in BC. We also present comparisons of BC (14)C measurements on NIST aerosol SRM 1649a with previously published bulk aromatic (14)C measurements and individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (14)C measurements on the same NIST standard. Dichromate-sulfuric acid oxidation belongs to the chemical class of BC measurement methods, which rely on the resistance of some forms of BC to strong chemical oxidants. Dilute solutions of dichromate-sulfuric acid degrade BC and marine-derived carbon at characteristic rates from which a simple kinetic formula can be used to calculate concentrations of individual components (Wolbach and Anders, 1989). We show that: ( 1) dichromate-sulfuric acid oxidation allows precise, reproducible (14)C BC measurements: (2) kinetics calculations give more precise BC yield information when per-formed on a % OC basis (vs. a % mass basis); (3) kinetically calculated BC concentrations are similar regardless of whether the oxidation is performed at 23degreesC or 50degreesC; and (4) this method yields (14)C BC results consistent with previously published aromatic (14)C data for an NIST standard. For the purposes of intercomparison, we report % mass and carbon results for two commercially available BC standards. We also report comparative data from a new thermal method applied to SRM 1649a, showing that thermal oxidation of this material also follows the simple kinetic sum of exponentials model, although with different time constants. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atmospher Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Masiello, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, L-397,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM masiello1@llnl.gov RI Masiello, Caroline/A-2653-2011 OI Masiello, Caroline/0000-0003-2102-6229 NR 33 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1036 AR PII S0016-7037(01)00831-6 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00831-6 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 531XT UT WOS:000174443100009 ER PT J AU Zhang, CLL Li, YL Wall, JD Larsen, L Sassen, R Huang, YS Wang, Y Peacock, A White, DC Horita, J Cole, DR AF Zhang, CLL Li, YL Wall, JD Larsen, L Sassen, R Huang, YS Wang, Y Peacock, A White, DC Horita, J Cole, DR TI Lipid and carbon isotopic evidence of methane-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing bacteria in association with gas hydrates from the Gulf of Mexico SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; gas hydrates; anaerobic methane oxidation; sulfate-reducing bacteria; lipid biomarkers; carbon isotopes ID MARINE ORGANIC-MATTER; OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; FATTY-ACIDS; METHANOTROPHIC BACTERIA; FRACTIONATION; SEDIMENTS; OXIDATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; CONSORTIUM AB An integrated lipid biomarker-carbon isotope approach reveals new insight to microbial methane oxidation in the Gulf of Mexico gas-hydrate system. Hydrate-bearing and hydrate-free sediments were collected from the Gulf of Mexico slope using a research submersible. Phospholipid fatty acids consist mainly of C-16-C-18 compounds, which are largely derived from bacteria. The phospholipid fatty acids suggest that total biomass is enhanced 11-30-fold in gas-hydrate-bearing sediment compared to hydrate-free sediment. Lipid biomarkers indicative of sulfate-reducing bacteria are strongly depleted in C-13 (delta(13)C = -48% to -70%) in the hydrate-bearing samples, suggesting that they are involved in the oxidation of methane (delta(13)C = -47%. for thermogenic methane and -70% for biogenic methane). Isotopic properties of other biomarkers suggest that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Beggiatoa) may also contribute to the lipid pool in hydrate-bearing samples, which are characterized by less negative delta(13)C vaIues (to -11.2%). In the hydrate-free sample, fatty acid biomarkers have delta(13)C values of -27.6% to -39.6%, indicating that crude oil (average similar to-27%c) or terrestrial organic carbon (average similar to-20%) are the likely carbon sources. Our results provide the first lipid biomarker-stable isotope evidence that sulfate-reducing bacteria play an important role in anaerobic methane oxidation in the Gulf of Mexico gas hydrates. The coupled activities of methane-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing organisms contribute to the development of ecosystems in deep-sea environments and result in sequestration of carbon as buried organic carbon and authigenic carbonates. These have implications for studying climate change based on carbon budgets. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Tennessee, Inst Appl Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, CLL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 32 TC 63 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 29 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0239:LACIEO>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 530TC UT WOS:000174374200012 ER PT J AU Caccavo, F Das, A AF Caccavo, F Das, A TI Adhesion of dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria to Fe(III) minerals SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fe(III)-reduction; flagellum; adhesion ID SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS MR-1; FERRIC IRON; MILD-STEEL; ALGA BRY; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; METAL REDUCTION; CRUDE-OIL; FLAGELLA; OXIDE; IRON(III) AB The metabolism of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) may provide a means of remediating contaminated subsurface soils. The factors controlling the rate and extent of bacterial F(III) mineral reduction are poorly understood. Recent research suggests that molecular-scale interactions between DIRB cells and Fe( III) mineral particles play an important role in this process. One of these interactions, cell adhesion to Fe( III) mineral particles, appears to be a complex process that is, at least in part, mediated by a variety of surface proteins. This study examined the hypothesis that the flagellum serves as an adhesin to different Fe( III) minerals that range in their surface area and degree of crystallinity. Deflagellated cells of the DIRB Shewanella algae BrY showed a reduced ability to adhere to hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) relative to flagellated cells. Flagellated cells were also more hydrophobic than deflagellated cells. This was significant because hydrophobic interactions have been previously shown to dominate S. algae cell adhesion to Fe(III) minerals. Pre-incubating HFO, goethite, or hematite with purified flagella inhibited the adhesion of S. algae BrY cells to these minerals. Transposon mutagenesis was used to generate a flagellum-deficient mutant designated S. algae strain NF. There was a significant difference in the rate and extent of S. algae NF adhesion to HFO, goethite, and hematite relative to that of S. algae BrY. Amiloride, a specific inhibitor of Na+-driven flagellar motors, inhibited S. algae BrY motility but did not affect the adhesion of S. algae BrY to HFO. S. algae NF reduced HFO at the same rate as S. algae BrY. Collectively, the results of this study support the hypothesis that flagellum-mediated adhesion is not requisite for Fe(III) mineral reduction. C1 Whitworth Coll, Dept Biol, Spokane, WA 99251 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Caccavo, F (reprint author), Whitworth Coll, Dept Biol, 300 W Hawthorne Rd, Spokane, WA 99251 USA. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1080/01490450252864262 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 540RF UT WOS:000174941500002 ER PT J AU Zachara, JM Kukkadapu, RK Fredrickson, JK Gorby, YA Smith, SC AF Zachara, JM Kukkadapu, RK Fredrickson, JK Gorby, YA Smith, SC TI Biomineralization of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxides by dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (DMRB) SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE biogenic Fe(II); biomineralization; crystalline Fe(III) oxides; dissimilatory iron reduction; ferrihydrite; ferrous iron minerals; Mossbauer spectroscopy ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; GREEN RUST; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; IRON-OXIDES; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; DIAGENETIC SIDERITE; IRON(III) OXIDES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SURFACE-AREA AB Dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (DMRB) catalyze the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in anoxic soils, sediments, and groundwater. Two-line ferrihydrite is a bioavailable Fe(III) oxide form that is exploited by DMRB as a terminal electron acceptor. A wide variety of biomineralization products result from the interaction of DMRB with 2-line ferrihydrite. Here we describe the state of knowledge on the biotransformation of synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite by laboratory cultures of DMRB using select published data and new experimental results. A facultative DMRB is emphasized (Shewanella putrefaciens) upon which most of this work has been performed. Key factors controlling the identity of the secondary mineral suite are evaluated including medium composition, electron donor and acceptor concentrations, ferrihydrite aging/recrystallization status, sorbed ions, and co-associated crystalline Fe(III) oxides. It is shown that crystalline ferric (goethite, hematite, lepidocrocite), ferrous (siderite, vivianite), and mixed valence (magnetite, green rust) iron solids are formed in anoxic, circumneutral DMRB incubations. Some products are well rationalized based on thermodynamic considerations, but others appear to result from kinetic pathways driven by ions that inhibit interfacial electron transfer or the precipitation of select phases. The primary factor controlling the nature of the secondary mineral suite appears to be the Fe(II) supply rate and magnitude, and its surface reaction with the residual oxide and other sorbed ions. The common observation of end-product mineral mixtures that are not at global equilibrium indicates that microenvironments surrounding respiring DMRB cells or the reaction-path trajectory (over Eh-pH space) may influence the identity of the final biomineralization suite. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zachara, JM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 72 TC 211 Z9 222 U1 9 U2 103 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 179 EP 207 DI 10.1080/01490450252864271 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 540RF UT WOS:000174941500003 ER PT J AU Van Der Woerd, J Tapponnier, P Ryerson, FJ Meriaux, AS Meyer, B Gaudemer, Y Finkel, RC Caffee, MW Zhao, GG Xu, ZQ AF Van Der Woerd, J Tapponnier, P Ryerson, FJ Meriaux, AS Meyer, B Gaudemer, Y Finkel, RC Caffee, MW Zhao, GG Xu, ZQ TI Uniform postglacial slip-rate along the central 600 km of the Kunlun Fault (Tibet), from Al-26, Be-10, and C-14 dating of riser offsets, and climatic origin of the regional morphology SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Al-26; Be-10 and C-14 dating; faulting; geomorphology; Kunlun Fault; palaeoclimate; Tibet ID RAY-EXPOSURE DATES; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; EXTRUSION TECTONICS; NORTHEASTERN TIBET; ACTIVE DEFORMATION; RIVER TERRACES; SOUTHERN TIBET; ROYAL-SOCIETY AB Late Pleistocene-Holocene sinistral slip-rates on several segments of the Kunlun Fault in northeastern Tibet have been determined. These determinations are based on the measured displacement of alluvial surfaces whose surface ages were determined by cosmogenic (26) Al and (10) Be dating of quartz pebbles, and by (14) C dating of charcoal. In the west, at three sites along the Xidatan-Dongdatan segment of the fault, near 94degreesE, terrace riser offsets ranging from 24 to 110 m, with cosmogenic ages ranging from similar to1800 to similar to8200 yr, yield a mean left-lateral slip-rate of 11.7 +/- 1.5 mm yr(-1) . Field observations indicate minimum offsets of 9-12 m; this offset, when combined with the long-term slip-rate, indicates that great earthquakes (M similar to 8) rupture this segment of the fault with a recurrence interval of 800-1000 yr. At two sites along the Dongxi-Anyemaqin segment of the fault, near 99degreesE, terrace riser offsets ranging from 57 to 400 m with (14) C ages ranging from 5400 to 37 000 yr BP yield a minimum slip-rate of similar to10 mm yr(-1) . At one site, the 1937 January 7, M =7.5 and the penultimate earthquakes produced 4 m of left-slip and 0.4 m of reverse-slip. The maximum recurrence interval of earthquakes with such characteristic slip is thus similar to400 yr. Farther east, near 100.5degreesE, along the Maqen segment of the fault, the 180 m offset of a lateral moraine, emplaced between the last glacial maximum (20 ka) and 11 100 yr BP, yields a mean slip-rate of 12.5 +/- 2.5 mm yr(-1) . The slip-rates are constant, within uncertainty, throughout the 600 km of the Kunlun Fault that we studied. The average slip-rate is 11.5 +/- 2.0 mm yr(-1) . Extrapolating this rate to the reminder of the fault, we conclude that most (80 per cent) of the 300 morphological offsets measured in the field or on SPOT satellite images post-date the Last Glacial Maximum. Most of the terraces we studied were deposited during the humid period of the Early Holocene Optimum (9-5 ka); the formation of younger terraces reflects Late Holocene climate change. C1 Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. State Seismol Bur, Inst Crystal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. RP Van Der Woerd, J (reprint author), EOST, IPG5, 5 Rue R Descaretes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. RI Meriaux, Anne-Sophie/G-1754-2010; Meyer, Bertrand/E-6903-2011; Tapponnier, .Paul/B-7033-2011; Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015; Gaudemer, Yves/K-3921-2012 OI Tapponnier, .Paul/0000-0002-7135-1962; Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967; NR 82 TC 201 Z9 203 U1 2 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 148 IS 3 BP 356 EP 388 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01556.x PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 536JB UT WOS:000174696000002 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG Berge, PA Bonner, BP AF Berryman, JG Berge, PA Bonner, BP TI Estimating rock porosity and fluid saturation using only seismic velocities SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-WAVE VELOCITIES; PARTIAL GAS SATURATION; COMPRESSIONAL-WAVE; PATCHY SATURATION; PROPAGATION; ATTENUATION; LIMESTONES; MEDIA; SAND AB Evaluation of the fluid content in deep earth reservoirs or fluid contaminants in shallow earth environments has required the use of geophysical imaging methods such as seismic reflection prospecting. Interpretation of seismic velocities and amplitudes is based on theories of fluid-saturated and partially saturated rocks that have been available since the 1950s. Here we present a new synthesis of the same physical concepts that uses compressional-wave velocities together with shear-wave velocities in a scheme that is much simpler to understand and apply yet yields detailed information about porosity and fluid saturation magnitudes and spatial distribution. The key idea revolves around the fact that the density and the Lame elastic parameter a are the only two parameters determining seismic velocities that also contain information about fluid saturation. At low enough frequencies, Gassmann's well-known equations show that the shear modulus is independent of the fluid saturation level. We use these facts to construct saturation-proxy and data-sorting plots from seismic velocity data. The new method does not require reflectivity data. although it can use such information if available. The method can therefore be applied to a wide range of source-receiver configurations, including seismic reflection profiling (surface to surface), vertical seismic profiling (well to surface), and cross-well seismic transmission tomography (well to well), since availability of reflection data is not a requirement. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM berryman1@llnl.gov; berge1@llnl.gov; bonner1@llnl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 44 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 391 EP 404 DI 10.1190/1.1468599 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540GC UT WOS:000174920300005 ER PT J AU Avdeev, DB Kuvshinov, AV Pankratov, OV Newman, GA AF Avdeev, DB Kuvshinov, AV Pankratov, OV Newman, GA TI Three-dimensional induction logging problems, Part I: An integral equation solution and model comparisons SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED NEUMANN SERIES; NONUNIFORM MEDIA; DISCONTINUITIES; EARTH AB A 3-D frequency-domain solution based on a volume integral equation approach has been implemented to simulate induction log responses. In our treatment of the problem, we assume that the electrical properties of the bedding as well as the borehole and invasion zones can exhibit transverse anisotropy. The solution process uses a Krylov subspace iteration to solve the scattering equation, which is based on the modified iterative dissipative method. Internal consistency checks and comparisons with mode matching and finite-difference solutions for vertical borehole models demonstrate the accuracy of the solution. There are no known analytical solutions for induction log responses arising from deviated boreholes intersecting horizontal bed boundaries. To simulate such responses requires the numerical solution of Maxwell's equations in three dimensions along with independent tests to validate the solution approach and its accuracy. In this paper, we compare two independent 3-D frequency-domain solutions for the problem, based on finite differences and the integral equation technique. Specific examples in the quasi-static limit are studied, including a 45degrees deviated borehole that intersects formation bed boundaries as well as cases where the bedding exhibits transverse anisotropy. All comparisons made in this paper show very good agreement and demonstrate, for the first time, verifiable induction log responses in the presence of deviated boreholes. We also show that responses arising from deviated boreholes can be significant and must be accounted for properly when interpreting induction logs. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Geoelectromagnet Res Inst, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 116, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Avdeev, DB (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Geoelectromagnet Res Inst, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. RI Newman, Gregory/G-2813-2015 NR 17 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 413 EP 426 DI 10.1190/1.1468601 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540GC UT WOS:000174920300007 ER PT J AU Lu, XY Alumbaugh, DL Weiss, CJ AF Lu, XY Alumbaugh, DL Weiss, CJ TI The electric fields and currents produced by induction logging instruments in anisotropic media SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Wisconsin, Geol Engn Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Geophys Technol Div, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lu, XY (reprint author), ExxonMobil Upstream Res, POB 2189, Houston, TX 77252 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 478 EP 483 DI 10.1190/1.1468607 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540GC UT WOS:000174920300013 ER PT J AU Newman, GA Alumbaugh, DL AF Newman, GA Alumbaugh, DL TI Three-dimensional induction logging problems, Part 2: A finite-difference solution SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A 3-D finite-difference solution is implemented for simulating induction log responses in the quasi-static limit that include the wellbore and bedding that exhibits transverse anisotropy. The finite-difference code uses a staggered grid to approximate a vector equation for the electric field. The resulting linear system of equations is solved to a predetermined error level using iterative Krylov subspace methods. To accelerate the solution at low induction numbers (LINs), a new preconditioner is developed. This new preconditioner splits the electric field into curl-free and divergence-free projections, which allows for the construction of an approximate inverse operator. Test examples show up to an order of magnitude increase in speed compared to a simple Jacobi preconditioner. Comparisons with analytical and mode matching solutions demonstrate the accuracy of the algorithm. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Newman, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0750,1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Newman, Gregory/G-2813-2015 NR 11 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 484 EP 491 DI 10.1190/1.1468608 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540GC UT WOS:000174920300014 ER PT J AU Song, Y Kim, HJ Lee, KH AF Song, Y Kim, HJ Lee, KH TI High-frequency electromagnetic impedance method for subsurface imaging SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA; INVERSION AB This paper presents a high-frequency electromagnetic (EM) impedance method that extends the utility of conventional controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) method to the frequency range from 100 kHz to 100 MHz. In this frequency range diffusion and wave propagation must be considered together. In principle, both the electrical conductivity and the permittivity of the shallow subsurface can be imaged using impedance data gathered on the surface of the earth. The impedance approach has a distinct advantage in that coupling with the source is unnecessary, provided that the source can be positioned far enough away to yield plane waves at the receiver positions. At high frequencies the EM impedance is a function of the angle of incidence or the horizontal wavenumber, so the electrical properties cannot be readily extracted without eliminating the effect of horizontal wavenumber on the impedance. For this purpose, this paper considers two independent methods for accurately determining the horizontal wavenumber, which in turn is used to correct the impedance data. The apparent electrical properties derived from the corrected impedance data correlate poorly to the real structure, especially for the model with a resistive overburden. However, the impedance data along with the incidence angles thus estimated can be successfully inverted to yield an accurate subsurface layering through the simulated annealing inversion scheme. C1 Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Yusung Gu, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Explorat Engn, Nam Gu, Pusan 608737, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Song, Y (reprint author), Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Yusung Gu, 30 Kajung Dong, Taejon 305350, South Korea. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 501 EP 510 DI 10.1190/1.1468610 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540GC UT WOS:000174920300016 ER PT J AU Liu, CX Ball, WP AF Liu, CX Ball, WP TI Back diffusion of chlorinated solvent contaminants from a natural aquitard to a remediated aquifer under well-controlled field conditions: Predictions and measurements SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; CLAY; PROFILES; SYSTEM; DISPERSION; MIGRATION; TRANSPORT; DELAWARE; CANADA; ORIGIN AB Vertical profiles of tetrachloroethene (or perchloroethylene, PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) were used to validate a diffusion process in a natural aquitard at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware. PCE and TCE distributions in the aquitard underlying an unconfined aquifer were sampled from core tubes obtained at four times over the course of a 35-month field investigation within "test cells" that were isolated from the surrounding ground water by means of grout-sealed steel sheetpile barriers (Mackay et al. 2000). For the final 23 months of this period, boundary conditions at the aquifer/aquitard interface were such that a "back diffusion" of contaminants from the aquitard was induced. Modeling predictions of concentration changes were made on the basis of the earliest coring results and an assumption of sorption-retarded diffusion and using laboratory information about sorption and diffusion characteristics of the media. The predictive modeling was complicated by the fact that "initial" and "final" PCE and TCE distributions in the aquitard were measured at different (albeit proximate) coring locations, such that results reflect spatial variations in aquitard characteristics. This problem was solved by means of an inverse interpretation that involved spatial "translation" of observed profiles on the basis of the laboratory characterizations and assuming a common aquifer-side contaminant history. Predictions indicated substantial change in PCE and TCE concentrations within the upper aquitard (near the aquifer/aquitard interface) and the development of a back-diffusion profile up into the aquifer. Modeling also predicted comparatively minor profile changes in the deeper aquitard, and especially in the deep layer where sorption was strongest. All of these predicted effects were observed in the coring results. Although not exact, the agreement between predictions and observations was sufficiently good to justify the basic tenets of the diffusion model and to support a conclusion that major processes of advection and/or transformation were unimportant within the 35-month time scale of this work. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Liu, CX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; Ball, William/A-3285-2010 OI Ball, William/0000-0001-5217-8108 NR 31 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 38 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02502.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 530DV UT WOS:000174341100008 PM 11916122 ER PT J AU Strom, DJ Watson, CR AF Strom, DJ Watson, CR TI On being understood: Clarity and jargon in radiation protection SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE education, health physics; public information; journal content; quality assurance ID UNITS AB While much of the language used to express the concepts of radiation protection works effectively, there are many ill-chosen names and phrases and much jargon that permeate our professional speech and writing. From the oxymoron "internal exposure" to the "snarl word" "decay," there is much room for improvement. This essay identifies many of the problems and suggests solutions. We examine the kinds of confusions that can result from using familiar words with unfamiliar meanings and the need for neology. We offer insights into specific and unambiguous naming of physical quantities and explore the seemingly unlimited kinds of "dose." We disaggregate exposure from irradiation following intakes, and unmask units like "gram rad per microcurie hour." We call for a definition of radiation weighting factor that doesn't result in a violation of the law of conservation of energy. We examine the subtleties of distinguishing between radiation and radioactive materials. Some words, such as "exposure," have multiple meanings, while at other times there are different words or phrases with the same meaning, such as "critical level" and "decision level" or "detection level" and "minimum detectable amount." Sometimes phrases are used whose meaning is unclear or not agreed upon, such as "lower limit of detection." Sometimes there are words that are simply not apt, such as "disintegration" applied to the emission of a subatomic particle from a nucleus. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Risk Anal & Hlth Protect Grp, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strom, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Risk Anal & Hlth Protect Grp, Environm Technol Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM daniel.j.strom@pnl.gov NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 3 BP 373 EP 386 AR UNSP 0017-9078/02/0 DI 10.1097/00004032-200203000-00010 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 522HN UT WOS:000173890500010 PM 11845840 ER PT J AU Moussa, HM Eckerman, KF Townsend, LW AF Moussa, HM Eckerman, KF Townsend, LW TI Absorbed fraction sensitivity to changes in size of the ICRP nose model SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose equivalent; inhalation; lungs, human; International Commission on Radiological Protection AB The Human Respiratory Tract Model of ICRP Publication 66 is used for calculations of dose in the extrathorathic (ET1) airways. Scaling for age and body size is included in determining the mass of the target tissue (basal cells) in ET1 but is not included in deriving the absorbed fraction for particulate radiation. For dose calculations, it has been assumed that all absorbed fractions for particulate radiation published in ICRP Publication 66 are independent of age and body size. Therefore, these absorbed fractions are applied to calculate specific effective energy values not only for the Reference Worker but also for non-adults with noses of different sizes. In this note changes to the size of the cylinder model of the anterior nose in ICRP 66 are made by varying the surface area, the cylinder radius, and the thickness of tissue beyond the target region (basal cell). The energy deposition (absorbed fractions) in the target region (basal cells) is calculated using the MCNP4B (Monte Carlo) code to study the effects of these changes on the predicted absorbed fractions within the cylinder model. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moussa, HM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hmoussa@utk.edu NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 3 BP 392 EP 394 AR UNSP 0017-9078/02/0 DI 10.1097/00004032-200203000-00012 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 522HN UT WOS:000173890500012 PM 11845842 ER PT J AU Bromley, BP AF Bromley, BP TI Tomorrow's energy: Hydrogen, fuel cells, and the prospects for a cleaner planet SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Book Review C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bromley, BP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Bldg 475C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 3 BP 401 EP 401 DI 10.1097/00004032-200203000-00015 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 522HN UT WOS:000173890500015 ER PT J AU Cunniff, L AF Cunniff, L TI Learning to manage global environmental risks: Comparative history of social responses to climate change, ozone depletion and acid rain, vol I; Functional analysis of social responses to climate change, ozone depletion and acid rain, vol II SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Book Review C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cunniff, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 5000,Bldg 120, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 3 BP 402 EP 402 DI 10.1097/00004032-200203000-00017 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 522HN UT WOS:000173890500017 ER PT J AU Zhang, TJ Alton, GD AF Zhang, TJ Alton, GD TI Design method for ISOL's target system SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE radioactive ion beam (RIB); isotope separator on line ( ISOL); target system; release time; characteristic effusive-flow time AB The target system design is one of the key problems in the ISOL facility for RIB generation. In this paper, the diffusion and adsorption processes in the target materials are simulated so as to investigate the release time of radioactive species from the uniform or Gaussian distribution, cylindrical, spherical or planar target materials operated at different temperatures based on the idea of using ion implantation at HRIBF for the selection of RIB targets. The effusion process from the surface of the target material to the ionization chamber of the online ion source is also investigated in this paper. The Monte-Carlo techniques are used for the numerical simulation based on the measurement data of surface physics from ZFK, Germany. The empirical formulas and the tables of characteristic effusive-flow times for various particles through tubes of different dimension and material are extracted from the simulation. One can design the dimension of the effusion tube and determine the material for the tube by using the formulas and the tables. C1 China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, TJ (reprint author), China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 26 IS 3 BP 290 EP 298 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 535FN UT WOS:000174634700015 ER PT J AU Richard, CM Wright, RD Ee, C Prime, SL Shimizu, Y Vavrik, J AF Richard, CM Wright, RD Ee, C Prime, SL Shimizu, Y Vavrik, J TI Effect of a concurrent auditory task on visual search performance in a driving-related image-flicker task SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID DRIVER BEHAVIOR; ATTENTION; EXPERIENCE; PERCEPTION; LOOKING; POSITION; SCENES AB The effect of a concurrent auditory task on visual search was investigated using an image-flicker technique. Participants were undergraduate university students with normal or corrected-to-normal vision who searched for changes in images of driving scenes that involved either driving-related (e.g., traffic light) or driving-unrelated (e.g., mailbox) scene elements. The results indicated that response times were significantly slower if the search was accompanied by a concurrent auditory task. In addition, slower overall responses to scenes involving driving-unrelated changes suggest that the underlying process affected by the concurrent auditory task is strategic in nature. These results were interpreted in terms of their implications for using a cellular telephone while driving. Actual or potential applications of this research include the development of safer in-vehicle communication devices. C1 Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Human Factors Transportat Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Vancouver, BC, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. British Columbia Ctr Strateg Management Risk Tran, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Richard, CM (reprint author), Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Human Factors Transportat Ctr, 4500 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SPR PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1518/0018720024494874 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 569UE UT WOS:000176620000009 PM 12118865 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Wyrobek, AJ Kidd, SA Lowe, X Moore, D Weisinger, K Aylstock, M AF Eskenazi, B Wyrobek, AJ Kidd, SA Lowe, X Moore, D Weisinger, K Aylstock, M TI Sperm aneuploidy in fathers of children with paternally and maternally inherited Klinefelter syndrome SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE aneuploidy; fluorescence in-situ hybridization human; Klinefelter syndrome; sperm ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMOSOME-X; MULTICOLOR FISH; MEN; AGE; ORIGIN; RECOMBINATION; EXPOSURE; NONDISJUNCTION AB BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether frequency of sperm aneuploidy is associated with risk of fathering children with trisomy. METHODS: We recruited 36 families with a boy with Klinefelter syndrome (KS), interviewed the fathers about their exposures and medical history, received a semen sample from each father, and collected blood samples from the mother, father and child. We applied a multicolour fluorescent in-situ hybridization assay to compare the frequencies of sperm carrying XY aneuploidy and disomies X, Y and 21 in fathers of maternally and paternally inherited KS cases. RESULTS: Inheritance of the extra X chromosome was paternal in 10 and maternal in 26 families. Fathers of paternal KS cases produced higher frequencies of XY sperm (P = 0.02) than fathers of maternal KS cases. After controlling for age, the major confounding variable, the difference between the two groups was no longer significant (P less than or equal to 0.2). Also, there were no significant differences between the parental origin groups for disomy X, Y or 21. CONCLUSIONS: Men who fathered a child with a Klinefelter syndrome produced higher frequencies of XY sperm aneuploidy, which is explained, in part, by both paternal age and parent of origin. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Klinefelter Syndrome & Associates, Roseville, CA 95678 USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 40 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 576 EP 583 DI 10.1093/humrep/17.3.576 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 531PQ UT WOS:000174424600011 PM 11870106 ER PT J AU Heikoop, JM Hickmott, DD Risk, MJ Shearer, CK Atudorei, V AF Heikoop, JM Hickmott, DD Risk, MJ Shearer, CK Atudorei, V TI Potential climate signals from the deep-sea gorgonian coral Primnoa resedaeformis SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Deep-Sea Coral Symposium CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000 CL HALIFAX, CANADA DE deep-water corals; C-14; delta C-13; delta N-15; SIMS; climate record; productivity ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; STABLE ISOTOPES; BIOLOGICAL CARBONATES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; FOOD-WEB; VARIABILITY; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; OCEAN AB The deep-sea gorgonian coral Primnoa resedaeformis has an arborescent skeleton composed of both calcite and a horn-like structural protein called gorgonin. We have investigated potential climate records in corals from Alaska, the eastern seaboard of Canada and the United States, and a Southern Ocean (Pacific sector) seamount. Temperatures at these sites range from 4 to similar to10degreesC. delta(18)O values of the calcite show strong evidence for isotopic disequilibrium. Extraction of delta(18)O paleotemperatures is therefore not straightforward. Sr/Ca data, analyzed by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), suggest that temperature might be a control on calcite Sr/Ca in Primnoa resedaeformis, but that growth-related kinetic effects could also be important. Based on previous C-14, delta(13)C and delta(15)N measurements, it has been suggested that particulate organic matter (POM) from the surface is an important carbon source to the polyps and the gorgonin fraction of the Primnoa skeleton. delta(15)N and delta(13)C of polyps and gorgonin show similar regional differences to delta(15)N and delta(13)C of surface POM. Polyps and contemporaneous gorgonin correlate strongly for both delta(13)C and delta(15)N. The influence of nutrient isotopic composition and climate and productivity variations on the isotopic composition of surface POM may therefore be recorded in gorgonin layers. These corals have very long lifespans (several centuries). The potential exists, therefore, to obtain extended records of surface productivity, deep ocean temperature and chemistry of value to climatologists and fisheries managers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-6,MSD462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jheikoop@lanl.gov; dhickmott@lanl.gov; riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca; cshearer@unm.edu; atudorei@unm.edu RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011; Hickmott, Donald/C-2886-2011 NR 48 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 471 SI SI BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1023/A:1016505421115 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 575VT UT WOS:000176969700014 ER PT J AU Risk, MJ Heikoop, JM Snow, MG Beukens, R AF Risk, MJ Heikoop, JM Snow, MG Beukens, R TI Lifespans and growth patterns of two deep-sea corals: Primnoa resedaeformis and Desmophyllum cristagalli SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Deep-Sea Coral Symposium CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000 CL HALIFAX, CANADA DE Desmophyllum cristagalli; Primnoa resedaeformis; deep-water corals; growth rates; gorgonians AB A subfossil fragment of the deep-sea gorgonian coral Primnoa resedaeformis was C-14 AMS dated along a radial growth transect. Dates ranged from 2600+/-50 at the outside, to 2920+/-60 C-14 years BP near the interior, suggesting an age of >300 years. The avergae radial growth was approximately 0.044 mm.yr(-1). Based on comparisons with live-collected specimens, we estimate the entire colony may have been about 0.5-0.75 m tall, with a linear tip extension rate of 1.5-2.5 mm.yr(-1). Towards the centre of the main stem, the coral skeleton is composed of alternating couplets, 200 mum in width, of gorgonin (a horn-like organic skeletal protein) and calcite. We believe these couplets are annual. Within this larger scale of banding are finer couplets of gorgonin and calcite, with frequencies suggesting lunar monthly periodicity. Both scales of banding may reflect fluctuations in food supply from sinking POM, or from tidally-resuspended bottom POM, along with benthic consumers. Outer skeletal growth is predominantly massive calcite with intermittent gorgonin layers. If carbonate precipitation in this zone were continuous, approximately 25 mum radial growth would be deposited every year. The Scleractinian Desmophyllum cristagalli lives to >200 years, and has rates of linear extension of 0.5-1.0 mm.yr(-1). The skeletons show growth bands approximately 10 mum wide, which may be annual. Due to tissue extension and retraction in life, parts of the skeleton may be overgrown, or suffer dissolution. Although we have shown in previous publications that sea water temperatures may be obtained from analysis of this coral, periods of skeletal dissolution, coupled with isotopic disequilibrium, will make obtaining long climatic records extremely difficult. C1 McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Risk, MJ (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM riskmj@mcmaster.ca; jheikiio@lanl.gov; snow@lanl.gov; roelf.beukens@utoronto.ca RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011 NR 20 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 471 SI SI BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1023/A:1016557405185 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 575VT UT WOS:000176969700015 ER PT J AU Gibbard, SG Roe, H de Pater, I Macintosh, B Gavel, D Max, CE Baines, KH Ghez, A AF Gibbard, SG Roe, H de Pater, I Macintosh, B Gavel, D Max, CE Baines, KH Ghez, A TI High-resolution infrared imaging of Neptune from the Keck Telescope SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Neptune; atmosphere; infrared observations ID COORDINATED 1996 HST; CLOUD STRUCTURE; ABSORPTION SPECTRA; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; VOYAGER IMAGES; H-2-HE PAIRS; METHANE; BAND; TEMPERATURES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB We present results of infrared observations of Neptune from the 10-m W M. Keck I Telescope, using both high-resolution (0.04 arc-second) broadband speckle imaging and conventional imaging with narrowband filters (0.6 arcsec resolution). The speckle data enable us to track the size and shape of infrared-bright features ("storms") as they move across the disk and to determine rotation periods for latitudes -30 and -45degrees. The narrowband data are input to a model that allows Lis to make estimates of Neptune's stratospheric haze abundance and the size of storm features. We find a haze column density of similar to10(6) cm(-2) for a haze layer located in the stratosphere, and a lower limit of 10(7) cm(-2) and an upper limit of 10(9) cm(-2) for a layer of 0.2 mum particles in the troposphere. We also calculate a lower limit of 7 x 10(6) km(2) for the size of a "storm" feature observed on 13 October 1997. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Astron Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Gibbard, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sgibbard@igpp.ucllnl.org OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2002 VL 156 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1006/icar.2001.6766 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 548DX UT WOS:000175374300001 ER PT J AU Radojevic, AM Osgood, RM Roy, NA Bakhru, H AF Radojevic, AM Osgood, RM Roy, NA Bakhru, H TI Prepatterned optical circuits in thin ion-sliced single-crystal films of LiNbO3 SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE integrated optics; optical materials; thin films ID Z-CUT LINBO3; WAVE-GUIDES AB Crystal ion slicing was used in conjunction with conventional annealed proton exchange in Z-cut LiNbO3 to result in prepatterned microns-thick single-crystal LiNbO3 films with channel guides and a measured waveguide propagation loss of 0.2-0.7 dB/cm. Full optical circuit transfer, including a buffer layer and a patterned metal electrode structure for active control was demonstrated. C1 Columbia Univ, Microelect Sci Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Radojevic, AM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Microelect Sci Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 322 EP 324 AR PII S1041-1135(02)01201-6 DI 10.1109/68.986800 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 525QB UT WOS:000174081500021 ER PT J AU Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bauer, P Chichili, DR Ewald, K Feher, S Imbasciati, L Kashikhin, VV Limon, PJ Litvinenko, L Novitski, I Rey, JM Scanlan, RM Yadav, S Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bauer, P Chichili, DR Ewald, K Feher, S Imbasciati, L Kashikhin, VV Limon, PJ Litvinenko, L Novitski, I Rey, JM Scanlan, RM Yadav, S Yamada, R Zlobin, AV TI R&D for a single-layer Nb3Sn common coil dipole using the react-and-wind fabrication technique SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE accelerator dipole; common coil magnet; mechanical model; superconducting magnet AB A dipole magnet based on the common coil design, using prereacted Nb3Sn superconductor, is under development at Fermilab, for a future Very Large Hadron Collider. This magnet has some innovative design and technological features such as single layer coils, a 22 mm wide 60-strand Rutherford type cable and stainless steel collars reinforced by horizontal bridges inserted between coil blocks. Both left and right coils are wound simultaneously into the collar structure and then impregnated with epoxy. In order to optimize the design and fabrication techniques an R&D program is underway. The production of cables with the required characteristics was shown possible. Collar laminations were produced, assembled and tested in order to check the effectiveness of the bridges and the validity of the mechanical design. A mechanical model consisting in a 165 mm long section of the magnet straight section was assembled and tested. This paper summarizes the status of the program, and reports the results of fabrication and test of cable, collars and the mechanical model. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CEA, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. RP Ambrosio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03525-X DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018347 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600004 ER PT J AU Hafalia, RR Bish, PA Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA Hannaford, K Lietzke, AF Liggins, N McInturff, AD Sabbi, GL Scanlan, RM O'Neill, J Swanson, JH AF Hafalia, RR Bish, PA Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA Hannaford, K Lietzke, AF Liggins, N McInturff, AD Sabbi, GL Scanlan, RM O'Neill, J Swanson, JH TI A new support-structure for high field magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE bladder; high-field; Nb3Sn; structure; superconducting AB Pre-stress of superconducting magnets can be applied directly through the magnet yoke structure. We have replaced the collar functionality in one 14 Tesla R&D Nb3Sn dipole magnets with an assembly procedure based on an aluminum shell and bladders. Bladders, placed between the coil pack and surrounding yoke inside the shell, are pressurized up to 10 ksi [70 MPa] to create an interference gap. Keys placed into the interference gap replace the bladder functionality. Following the assembly, the bladders are deflated and removed. Strain gauges mounted directly on the shell Eire used to monitor the stress of the entire magnet structure, thereby providing a high degree of pre-stress control without the need for high tolerances. During assembly, a force of 8.2 x 10(5) lbs/ft [12 MN/m] is generated by, the bladders and the stress in the 1.57" [40 mm] aluminum shell reaches 20.3 ksi [140 MPa]. During cool-down the thermal expansion difference between shell and yoke generates an additional compressive force of 6.85 x 10(5) lbs/ft [10 MN/m], corresponding to a final stress in the, shell of 39.2 ksi [270 MPa]. Pre-stress conditions are sufficient for 16 T before the coils separate at the bore. Bladders have now been used in the assembly and disassembly of two 14 T magnets. This paper describes the magnet structure, assembly procedure and test results. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hafalia, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03427-9 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018349 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600006 ER PT J AU Andreev, N Arkan, T Bauer, P Bossert, R Brandt, J Carson, J Caspi, S Chichili, DR DiMarco, J Feher, S Ghosh, A Glass, H Kerby, J Lamm, MJ Makarov, A McInturff, AD Nicol, T Nobrega, A Novitski, I Orris, D Peterson, T Rabehl, R Robotham, W Scanlan, R Schlabach, P Sylvester, C Strait, J Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Velev, G Yadav, S Zlobin, AV AF Andreev, N Arkan, T Bauer, P Bossert, R Brandt, J Carson, J Caspi, S Chichili, DR DiMarco, J Feher, S Ghosh, A Glass, H Kerby, J Lamm, MJ Makarov, A McInturff, AD Nicol, T Nobrega, A Novitski, I Orris, D Peterson, T Rabehl, R Robotham, W Scanlan, R Schlabach, P Sylvester, C Strait, J Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Velev, G Yadav, S Zlobin, AV TI Quench performance and mechanical behavior of the first Fermilab-built prototype high gradient quadrupole for the LHC interaction regions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE magnets; quadrupole; superconducting AB As part of the US LHC program to provide high gradient superconducting quadrupoles for the LHC interaction regions, a 5.5 meter long prototype magnet has been built and tested horizontally in a production type cryostat at Fermilab. This prototype magnet was used to validate the mechanical, and magnetic design, production fabrication and assembly tooling. The first prototype magnet has met the LHC requirements of operating at 215 T/m with excellent magnetic field harmonics. This paper summarizes the test results of this magnet, including quench tests and mechanical behavior over several thermal cycles. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andreev, N (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03430-9 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018352 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600009 ER PT J AU Gourlay, SA AF Gourlay, SA TI Post-LHC accelerator magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE accelerator magnets; colliders; Nb3Sn; superconducting magnets ID NB3SN AB The design and practicality of future accelerators, such as hadron colliders and neutrino factories being considered to supercede the LHC, will depend greatly on the choice of superconducting magnets. Various possibilities will be reviewed and discussed, taking into account recent progress and projected improvements in magnet design and conductor development along with the recommendations from the 2001 Snowmass workshop. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gourlay, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03432-2 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018354 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600011 ER PT J AU Gupta, R Anerella, M Cozzolino, J Escallier, J Ganetis, G Ghosh, A Harrison, M Jain, A Marone, A Muratore, J Parker, B Sampson, W Wanderer, P AF Gupta, R Anerella, M Cozzolino, J Escallier, J Ganetis, G Ghosh, A Harrison, M Jain, A Marone, A Muratore, J Parker, B Sampson, W Wanderer, P TI R&D for accelerator magnets with react and wind high temperature superconductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE accelerators; dipoles; high temperature superconductors; HTS and quadrupoles; interaction regions AB High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) have the potential to change the design and operation of future particle accelerators beginning with the design of high performance interaction regions. HTS offers two distinct advantages over conventional Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS)-they retain a large fraction of their current carrying capacity a) at high fields and b) at elevated temperatures. The Superconducting Magnet Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has embarked on a new R&D program for developing technology needed for building accelerator magnets with HTS. We have adopted a "React & Wind" approach to deal with the challenges associated with the demanding requirements of the reaction process. We have developed several "conductor friendly" designs to deal with the challenges associated with the brittle nature of HTS. We have instituted. a rapid turn around program to understand and to develop this new technology in an experimental fashion. Several R&D coils and magnets with HTS tapes and "Rutherford" cables have been built and tested. We have recently performed field quality measurements to investigate issues related to the persistent currents. In this paper, we report the results to date and plans. and possibilities for the future. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03433-4 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018355 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600012 ER PT J AU Gupta, R Harrison, M AF Gupta, R Harrison, M TI Interaction region magnets for VLHC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE accelerators; high temperature superconductors; interaction region; quadrupoles AB The interaction region (IR) magnets for the proposed very large hadron collider (VLHC) require high gradient quadrupoles and high field dipoles for high luminosity performance. Moreover, the IR magnets for high energy colliders and storage rings must operate in an environment where the amount of energy deposited on superconducting coils is rather large. In the case of doublet IR optics with flat beams, the design of the first 2-in-1 quadrupole defines the geometry and pole tip field in this and other IR magnets. This paper will present a novel design of this magnet that allows a very small separation between the two apertures. A brief discussion of the conceptual magnetic design of this and other magnets for interaction regions is given. The influence of critical current density in superconductor (a higher value of which is most beneficial to high performance IR magnet design) is also discussed. Since High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) retain most of their critical current density at high fields and at elevated temperatures, they offer an attractive possibility for the IR magnet designs of future colliders or upgrades of present colliders. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03434-6 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018356 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600013 ER PT J AU Kashikhin, VV Zlobin, AV AF Kashikhin, VV Zlobin, AV TI Magnetic designs and field quality of Nb3Sn accelerator magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE accelerator dipole magnet; field quality; superconductor ID DIPOLE; VLHC AB This paper presents a new approach to accelerator magnet design, based on simple and robust single-layer coils with minimum number of turns arranged horizontally or vertically in a common iron yoke. Cos-theta and block type coil geometries as well as cold and warm iron yoke designs were studied. Coils and yokes were optimized for the maximum field, minimum field harmonics, and minimum sizes. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 107 EP 110 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03439-5 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018362 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600019 ER PT J AU Foster, GW Kashikhin, VS AF Foster, GW Kashikhin, VS TI Superconducting superferric dipole magnet with cold iron core for the VLHC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE accelerator magnets; cold iron; cost; superconducting magnets; superferric; VLHC AB Magnetic system of the Stage I Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC) is based on 2 Tesla superconducting magnets with combined functions. These magnets have a room temperature iron yoke with two 20 mm air gaps. Magnetic field in both horizontally separated air gaps is generated by a single, 100 kA superconducting transmission line. An alternative design with a cold iron yoke, horizontally or vertically separated air gaps is under investigation. The cold iron option with horizontally separated air gaps reduces the amount of iron, which is one of the major cost drivers for the 233-km magnet system of future accelerator. The vertical beam separation decreases the superconductor volume, heat load from the synchrotron radiation and eliminates fringe field from the return bus. Nevertheless, the horizontal beam separation provides lowest volume of the iron yoke and, therefore, smaller heat load on the cryogenic system during cooling down. All these options are discussed and compared in the paper. Superconducting correction system combined with the magnet that allows increasing the maximum field is also discussed. Preliminary cost analysis is performed for all these options.. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Foster, GW (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 111 EP 115 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03440-1 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018363 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600020 ER PT J AU Bossert, R Carcagno, R Chiesa, L Feher, S Kerby, J Lamm, MJ Nobrega, A Orris, D Schlabach, P Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Zlobin, AV AF Bossert, R Carcagno, R Chiesa, L Feher, S Kerby, J Lamm, MJ Nobrega, A Orris, D Schlabach, P Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Zlobin, AV TI Quench protection of the Fermilab-built LHC inner triplet quadrupole MQXB SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE accelerator; quench protection; superconducting magnet ID HIGH-GRADIENT QUADRUPOLE; INTERACTION REGIONS AB High-gradient quadrupoles (MQXB) are being developed at Fermilab within the framework of the US-LHC Accelerator project for the LHC interaction regions. These 5.5-m-long magnets have a single 70-mm aperture and operate in superfluid helium at a peak gradient of 215 T/m. Magnet quench protection is provided by quench heaters installed on the outer surface of the coil. This paper reports the results of quench protection studies on the first full length MQXB prototype (MQXP01). The measurements from these tests as well as. results from the 1.9-m-long model magnet program are combined with computer generated quench simulations to predict the MQXB performance under LHC operating conditions. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bossert, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 133 EP 136 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03445-0 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018368 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600025 ER PT J AU Bauer, P Dietrich, M Foster, GW Kashikhin, VV Limon, PJ Shiltsev, V Solyak, N AF Bauer, P Dietrich, M Foster, GW Kashikhin, VV Limon, PJ Shiltsev, V Solyak, N TI The influence of accelerator physics on the magnet design of a very large hadron collider SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE accelerator physics; superconducting accelerator magnets; synchrotron radiation; very large hadron collider AB We present a study of the influence of accelerator physics on the design of magnets for very high energy hadron colliders. The limiting specifications of a particular VLHC model are estimated, and their effect on the design of the accelerator magnets is determined using simulations and scaling laws for magnet aperture, field quality, cryogenic and vacuum properties and cost. We show that there is a maximum useful field due to synchrotron radiation power and cost, and a minimum useful aperture due to synchrotron radiation and beam-stability. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bauer, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 142 EP 148 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03447-4 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018370 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600027 ER PT J AU Marks, S Zbasnik, J Byrne, W Calais, D Chin, M DeMarco, R Fahmie, M Geyer, A Krupnick, J Ottens, F Paterson, JA Pipersky, P Robin, DA Schlueter, RD Steier, C Wandesforde, A AF Marks, S Zbasnik, J Byrne, W Calais, D Chin, M DeMarco, R Fahmie, M Geyer, A Krupnick, J Ottens, F Paterson, JA Pipersky, P Robin, DA Schlueter, RD Steier, C Wandesforde, A TI ALS Superbend magnet performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res ID BEND MAGNET AB The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has been engaged in the design, construction and testing of four superconducting dipoles (Superbends) that are installed in three arcs of the Advanced Light Source (ALS), with the fourth magnet as a spare. This represents a major upgrade to the ALS providing an enhanced flux and brightness at photon energies above 10 keV. In preparation for installation, an extensive set of tests and measurements have been conducted to characterize the magnetic and cryogenic performance of the Superbends and to fiducialize them for accurate placement in the ALS storage ring. The magnets are currently installed, and the storage ring is undergoing final commissioning. This paper will present the results of magnetic and cryogenic testing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marks, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 149 EP 152 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03448-6 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018371 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600028 ER PT J AU Marks, S Schlueter, R Anderson, D Gath, W Jung, JY Robin, D Steier, C Stevens, T AF Marks, S Schlueter, R Anderson, D Gath, W Jung, JY Robin, D Steier, C Stevens, T TI New chicane magnet design for insertion device straights at the Advanced Light Source SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res AB A chicane magnet incorporating counter-rotating permanent magnet pairs together with-trim coils has been designed for use in the Advanced Light Source (ALS) straights in conjunction with two insertion devices. In particular, this design is being developed for use in the existing beam line (BL) 4 elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU) straight and in the BL11 EPU straight, currently under design and construction. The purpose of the chicane is to provide a fixed angular separation between two successive EPU photon fans, and to correct steering perturbations resulting from EPU polarization state changes. Polarization changes occur on the time scale of (me second; associated steering corrections must be accomplished in less than a second. Hysteresis associated with conventional iron. core electromagnets prevents fast steering correction to the required precision. This consideration motivated the iron-free design presented here. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marks, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 153 EP 156 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03449-8 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018372 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600029 ER PT J AU Martovetsky, N Manahan, R Lietzke, AF AF Martovetsky, N Manahan, R Lietzke, AF TI Development of superconducting focusing quadrupole's for heavy ion drivers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE APC conductor; focusing magnets; racetrack coils; Rutherford type conductor; superconducting quadrupoles AB Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) is exploring a promising path to a practical inertial-confinement fusion reactor. The associated heavy ion driver will require a large number of focusing quadrupole magnets. A concept for a superconducting quadrupole array, using many simple racetrack coils, was developed at LLNL. Two, single-bore quadrupole prototypes of the same design, with distinctly different conductor, were designed, built, and tested. Both prototypes reached their short sample currents with little or no training. Magnet design, and test results, are presented and discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martovetsky, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 157 EP 160 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03450-4 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018373 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600030 ER PT J AU Sabbi, GL AF Sabbi, GL TI Status of Nb3Sn accelerator magnet R&D SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res ID CABLES AB Excellent mechanical and electrical properties of multifilamentary NbTi have made it the conductor of choice in superconducting accelerators starting from the Tevatron. However, the LHC operating field of 8.33 T is close to limit for NbTi technology. In order to advance to higher fields, a superconductor with higher upper critical field is needed. At present, Nb3Sn is the most suitable material in terms of properties, availability, and cost. In contrast to NbTi, Nb3Sn is brittle and strain sensitive. Magnet R&D programs are underway worldwide to develop technologies that can take advantage of Nb3Sn properties while coping with the associated challenges. Status and accomplishments of the different programs are reviewed in the context of the requirements of next-generation accelerator facilities and possible upgrades to present ones. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sabbi, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 236 EP 241 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03466-8 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018390 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600047 ER PT J AU Bossert, R Carcagno, R DiMarco, J Feher, S Glass, H Kerby, J Lamm, MJ Nobrega, A Nicol, T Ogitsu, T Orris, D Page, T Rabehl, R Sabbi, G Schlabach, P Strait, J Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Velev, G Zlobin, AV AF Bossert, R Carcagno, R DiMarco, J Feher, S Glass, H Kerby, J Lamm, MJ Nobrega, A Nicol, T Ogitsu, T Orris, D Page, T Rabehl, R Sabbi, G Schlabach, P Strait, J Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Velev, G Zlobin, AV TI Field measurement of a Fermilab-built full scale prototype quadrupole magnet for the LHC interaction regions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE magnetic fields; quadrupole; superconductivity AB Superconducting low-beta quadrupole magnets for the interaction regions of the Large Hadron Collider have been developed by the US-LHC Accelerator Project. These 70 mm bore 5.5 m long quadrupoles are intended to operate in superfluid helium at 1.9 K with a nominal field gradient of 215 T/m. Following a series of 2 m long models, a full scale cryostated cold mass has been fabricated and cold tested at Fermilab. Magnetic field measurements of the prototype, including determination of the field axis using a single stretched wire, have been performed. These measurements and comparisons with results from the model magnets as well as field quality and alignment requirements are reported in this paper. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Bossert, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 254 EP 257 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03470-X DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018394 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600051 ER PT J AU Rago, CE Spencer, CM Wolf, Z Yocky, G AF Rago, CE Spencer, CM Wolf, Z Yocky, G TI High reliability prototype quadrupole for the next linear collider SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE FMEA; magnet; magnetic center; reliability AB The Next Linear Collider (NLC) will require over 5600 magnets, each of which must be highly reliable and/or quickly repairable in order that the NLC reach its 85% overall availability goal. A multidiscipline engineering team was assembled at SLAC to develop a more reliable electromagnet design than historically had been achieved at SLAC. This team carried out a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) on a standard SLAC quadrupole magnet system. They overcame a number of longstanding design prejudices, producing 10 major design changes. This paper describes how a prototype magnet was constructed and the extensive testing carried out on it to prove full functionality with an improvement in reliability. The magnet's fabrication cost will be compared to the cost of a magnet with the same requirements made in the historic SLAC way. The NLC will use over 1600 of these 12.7 mm bore quadrupoles with a range of integrated strengths from 0.6 to 132 Tesla, a maximum gradient of 135 Tesla per meter, an adjustment range of 0 to -20% and core lengths from 324 mm to 972 mm. The magnetic center must remain stable to within I micron during the 20% adjustment. A magnetic measurement set-up has been developed that can measure sub-micron shifts of a magnetic center. The prototype satisfied the center shift requirement over the full range of integrated strengths. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rago, CE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS12, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 270 EP 273 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03474-7 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018398 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600055 ER PT J AU Green, MA Lebedev, V Strauss, BP AF Green, MA Lebedev, V Strauss, BP TI A superconducting focusing solenoid for the neutrino factory linear accelerator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE active shielding; superconducting focusing solenoid; superconducting RF cavities AB The proposed superconducting linear accelerator at accelerates muons from 190 MeV to 2.45 GeV will use superconducting solenoids for focusing the muon beam. The accelerator will use superconducting RF cavities. These cavities are very sensitive to stay magnetic field from the focusing magnets. Superconducting solenoids can have large stray fields. This paper describes the 201.25-MHz acceleration system for the neutrino factory. This paper also describes a focusing solenoid that delivers almost no stray field to a neighboring superconducting RF cavity. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 274 EP 277 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03475-9 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018399 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600056 ER PT J AU DiMarco, J Foster, GW Fowler, W Kashikhin, VS Makarov, A Rago, CE Ringwall, A Spencer, CM Tsvetkov, V Volk, JT Wolf, Z AF DiMarco, J Foster, GW Fowler, W Kashikhin, VS Makarov, A Rago, CE Ringwall, A Spencer, CM Tsvetkov, V Volk, JT Wolf, Z TI Adjustable permanent quadrupoles using rotating magnet material rods for the next linear collider SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res ID RADIATION AB The proposed Next Linear Collider (NLC) will require over 1400 adjustable quadrupoles between the main linacs' accelerator structures. These 12.7 mm bore quadrupoles will have a range of integrated strength from 0.6 to 132 Tesla, with a maximum gradient, of 135 Testa per meter, an adjustment range of +0-20% and effective lengths from 324 mm to 972 mm. The magnetic center must remain stable to within 1 micrometer during the 20% adjustment. In an effort to reduce estimated costs and increase reliability, several designs using hybrid permanent magnets have been developed. All magnets have iron poles and use either Samarium Cobalt or Neodymium. Iron to provide the magnetic fields. Two prototypes use rotating rods containing permanent magnetic material to vary the,gradient. Gradient changes of 20% and center shifts of less than 20 microns have been measured. These data are compared to an equivalent electromagnet prototype [11]. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP DiMarco, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 301 EP 304 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03480-2 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018405 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600062 ER PT J AU Wanderer, P Anerella, M Escallier, J Ghosh, A Jain, A Marone, A Muratore, J Parker, B Prodell, A Thompson, P Wu, KC AF Wanderer, P Anerella, M Escallier, J Ghosh, A Jain, A Marone, A Muratore, J Parker, B Prodell, A Thompson, P Wu, KC TI Completion of superconducting magnet production at BNL for the HERA luminosity upgrade SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE accelerator magnets; computer controlled winding; insertion region magnets; superconducting magnets AB Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has completed production of the superconducting multi-function magnets that are now installed as part of the HERA luminosity upgrade at DESY. The magnets, cryostats, and lead assemblies were designed and. built at BNL. To fit inside the existing detectors, the coils plus cryostat structure had to meet a challenging radial budget (e.g., 39 mm horizontally). Two types of magnets were needed and three of each type were built. Each magnet contained normal and skew quadrupole, normal and skew dipole, and sextupole coils. The magnets operate in the similar to1.5 T solenoid field of a detector. The quadrupole coils produce gradients up to 13 T/m. The dipole coils generate fields up to 0.3 T. Coils were wound under computer control using either seven-strand round cable or a single strand. To simultaneously avoid excessive synchrotron radiation background scattered from the beam pipe and yet have a small cryostat, one type of magnet used a tapered coil structure: The cryogenic system incorporates cooling with both 40 K helium and supercritical helium. All of the coils were tested in liquid helium in a vertical dewar. Quench test results have been excellent. The field quality of the magnets has met the stringent requirements imposed on interaction region magnets. One magnet of each type was tested at BNL as a completed assembly to verify the performance of the leads and cryostats. Two of each type were tested at DESY and then installed in the Zeus and H1 experiments. The remaining magnets are spares. Final results of quench testing, field quality measurements and cryogenic performance are reported. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wanderer, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 305 EP 308 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03482-6 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018406 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600063 ER PT J AU Muratore, J Anerella, M Cozzolino, J Ganetis, G Ghosh, A Gupta, R Harrison, M Jain, A Marone, A Plate, S Schmalzle, J Thomas, R Wanderer, P Willen, E Wu, KC AF Muratore, J Anerella, M Cozzolino, J Ganetis, G Ghosh, A Gupta, R Harrison, M Jain, A Marone, A Plate, S Schmalzle, J Thomas, R Wanderer, P Willen, E Wu, KC TI Test results for prototypes of the twin aperture dipoles for the LHC insertion region SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE accelerator magnets; dipole magnets; LHC; magnetic measurements; quench studies AB The Superconducting Magnet Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is building 26 insertion region dipoles of various types for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. These 9.45 m-long, 8 cm aperture magnets use the same coil design as the arc dipoles for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC),at BNL. The most challenging of these dipoles are the twin aperture magnets. The two apertures are separated by 188 to 234 mm, and the dipole fields in both the apertures point in the same direction. In order to test the design and determine various operating parameters of these magnets, two three m-long prototypes were built and tested at BNL. Tests were done to measure spontaneous quench performance, conductor temperature at quench, coil stress behavior during cool-downs, warm-ups and excitation ramps, And quench protection heater performance. Extensive magnetic field measurements were done with a 3.58-meter long integral coil, as well as a one-meter long coil at the axial center of the magnet. Dynamic effects, such as time decay and snapback at injection, and harmonics due to cable magnetization and eddy currents were studied with a time resolution of 2 s. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Muratore, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 309 EP 312 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03481-4 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018407 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600064 ER PT J AU Wilson, MN Moritz, G Anerella, M Ganetis, G Ghosh, AK Hassenzahl, WV Jain, A Joshi, P Kaugerts, J Muehle, C Muratore, J Thomas, R Walter, G Wanderer, P AF Wilson, MN Moritz, G Anerella, M Ganetis, G Ghosh, AK Hassenzahl, WV Jain, A Joshi, P Kaugerts, J Muehle, C Muratore, J Thomas, R Walter, G Wanderer, P TI Design studies on superconducting Cos theta magnets for a fast pulsed synchrotron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE Ac loss; dipole magnet; held error; Rutherford cable; superconducting synchrotron AB The new heavy ion synchrotron proposed by GSI will comprise two superconducting magnet rings in the same tunnel, having rigidities of 206 T.m and 100 T.m. Fast ramp times are needed, which an cause significant problems for the magnets, particularly in the areas of ac loss and field distortion. This paper discusses the 200 T.m ring, which will use Cos theta magnets based on the RHIC dipole design. We describe options for the low loss Rutherford cable that will be used, together with a novel insulation scheme designed to promote efficient cooling. Measurements of contact resistance in the cable, are presented and the results of these measurements are used to predict the ac losses, temperature rise and field distortion in the magnets during fast ramp operation. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Adv Energy Anal, Piedmont, CA 94611 USA. RP Wilson, MN (reprint author), 33 Lower Radley, Abingdon OX14 3AY, Oxon, England. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 313 EP 316 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03483-8 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018408 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600065 ER PT J AU Andreev, N Ambrosio, G Barzi, E Carcagno, R Chichili, DR DiMarco, J Feher, S Imbasciati, L Kashikhin, VV Lamm, M Limon, PJ Orris, D Schlabach, R Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Terechkine, I Tompkins, JC Yadav, S Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Andreev, N Ambrosio, G Barzi, E Carcagno, R Chichili, DR DiMarco, J Feher, S Imbasciati, L Kashikhin, VV Lamm, M Limon, PJ Orris, D Schlabach, R Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Terechkine, I Tompkins, JC Yadav, S Yamada, R Zlobin, AV TI Development and test of single-bore Cos upsilon Nb3Sn dipole models with cold iron yoke SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE design; superconducting magnet; technology ID HIGH-FIELD DIPOLE; FERMILAB; FABRICATION; MAGNETS; DESIGN AB Two short Nb3Sn dipole models based on a single-bore cos-theta coil with a cold iron yoke were fabricated and tested at Fermilab. This paper summarizes the details of magnet design and fabrication procedure, and reports the test results including quench performance and quench heater studies, and the magnetic measurements. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Andreev, N (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS-316, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 332 EP 336 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03488-7 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018413 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600070 ER PT J AU Toth, J Bird, MD Miller, JR Prestemon, S DeKamp, JC Morris, L Thoennessen, M Zeller, A AF Toth, J Bird, MD Miller, JR Prestemon, S DeKamp, JC Morris, L Thoennessen, M Zeller, A TI Final design of a compact sweeper magnet for nuclear physics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE model-based analysis; nuclear physics; structural design; superconducting dipole magnet AB A superconducting dipole, designed for use as a sweeper magnet for nuclear physics experiments, is being constructed by the NHMFL for operation at the NSCL. The magnet operates At a peak mid-plane field of 3.8 T in a 140 mm gap. A multi-particle beam enters the magnet froth the upstream side. The neutrons continue straight through to a neutron detector. The charged particles are swept 43 degrees on a one meter radius into a mass spectrometer. Extensive model-based computer analysis (MBA) have been applied for optimizing the coils and the stainless steel bobbin with regard to its shape while keeping the strain and the fraction of actual to critical current within reasonable limits. The structural FEM analysis had to address-a variety of complex physical phenomena (composites' with orthotropic material properties, cool down, surface-to-surface contacts, etc.) and the loads due to operation (Lorentz forces) had to be obtained from a parallel/coupled magnetic field analysis. One of the challenges magnet designers face in optimizing magnet systems. is that the detail required to obtain reasonable accuracy is not well known. This paper presents results of the structural design optimization for the sweeper project and evaluates the adequacy of alternative modeling approaches. Also the final magnetic design of the system is,summarized and progress toward fabrication is presented. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Toth, J (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 341 EP 344 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03559-5 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018415 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600072 ER PT J AU Blau, B Campi, D Cure, B Folch, R Herve, A Horvath, IL Kircher, F Musenich, R Neuenschwander, J Riboni, P Seeber, B Tavares, S Sgobba, S Smith, RP AF Blau, B Campi, D Cure, B Folch, R Herve, A Horvath, IL Kircher, F Musenich, R Neuenschwander, J Riboni, P Seeber, B Tavares, S Sgobba, S Smith, RP TI The CMS conductor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE aluminum stabilized superconductor; CMS solenoid; co-extrusion; electron beam welding; NbTi; Rutherford cable AB The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the general-purpose detectors to be provided for the LHC project at CERN. The design field of the CMS superconducting magnet is 4 T, the magnetic length is 12.5 m and them free, bore is 6 m. The magnetic field is achieved by means of a four-layer superconducting solenoid. The stored magnetic energy is 2.7 GJ at nominal current of 20 kA (at 4.5 K operating temperature). The coil is wound from a high purity aluminum-stabilized Rutherford type conductor. Unlike other existing Al-stabilized thin solenoids, the structural integrity of the CMS coil is ensured both by the. Al-alloy reinforcement welded to the conductor and an external support cylinder. The flat NbTi cable is embedded in high purity aluminum by a continuous co-extrusion process. The mechanical strength of the so-called insert is substantially increased by two Al-alloy sections joined by continuous electron beam. welding to the pure aluminum of the insert. During manufacturing the bond quality between the Rutherford cable and the high purity aluminum as well as the quality of the EB welding seam are continuously monitored by a novel ultrasonic phased-array system. The dimensions of the insert and of the final conductor are controlled during production by Laser micrometers. This paper presents the main features of the CMS conductor as well as the different steps of the manufacturing process of the 45 km long conductor. First technical experience of industrial production of the complete conductor is reported. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, EMPA, Dubendorf, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Blau, B (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Neuenschwander, Juerg/A-1781-2009 NR 7 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 345 EP 348 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03560-1 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018416 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600073 ER PT J AU Herve, A Acquistapace, G Campi, D Cannarsa, P Fabbricatore, P Feyzi, F Gerwig, H Grillet, JP Horvath, IL Kaftanov, V Kricher, F Loveless, R Maugain, JM Perinic, G Rykaczewski, H Sbrissa, E Smith, RP Veillet, L AF Herve, A Acquistapace, G Campi, D Cannarsa, P Fabbricatore, P Feyzi, F Gerwig, H Grillet, JP Horvath, IL Kaftanov, V Kricher, F Loveless, R Maugain, JM Perinic, G Rykaczewski, H Sbrissa, E Smith, RP Veillet, L TI Status of the CMS magnet (MT17) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE CMS magnet; compact muon solenoid AB The CMS experiment (Compact Muon Solenoid) is a general-purpose detector designed to run at the highest luminosity at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Its distinctive features include a 4 T superconducting solenoid with a free bore of 6 m diameter and 12.5-m length, enclosed inside a 10 000-ton return yoke. The magnet will be assembled and tested in a surface hall at Point 5 of the LHC at the beginning of 2004 before being transferred by heavy lifting means to an experimental hall 90 m below ground level. The design and construction of the magnet is a common project of the CMS Collaboration. The task is organized by a CERN based group with strong technical and contractual participation from CEA Saclay, ETH Zurich, Fermilab, INFN Genova, ITEP Moscow, University of Wisconsin and CERN. The magnet project will be described, with emphasis on the present status of the fabrication. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. INFN, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Phys Sci Lab, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Herve, A (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. OI Perinic, Goran/0000-0001-5696-0404 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 385 EP 390 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03569-8 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018425 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600082 ER PT J AU Tavares, SS Blau, B Campi, D Cure, B Horvath, IL Riboni, P Sgobba, S Smith, RP AF Tavares, SS Blau, B Campi, D Cure, B Horvath, IL Riboni, P Sgobba, S Smith, RP TI Aluminum alloy production for the reinforcement of the CMS conductor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE continuous extrusion; cryogenic applications; high strength aluminum alloys; materials processing AB The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the general-purpose detectors to be provided for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project at CERN. The design field of the CMS superconducting magnet is 4 T, the magnetic length is 12.5 m and the free bore is 6 m. To reinforce the high-purity (99.998%) AI-stabilized conductor of the magnet against the magnetic loadings experienced during operation at 4.2 K, two continuous sections of Al-alloy (AA) reinforcement are Electron Beam (EB) welded to it. The reinforcements have a section of 24 x 18 nun and are produced in continuous 2.55 km lengths. The alloy EN AW-6082 has been selected for the reinforcement due to its excellent extrudability, big,, strength in the precipitation hardened states, high toughness and strength at cryogenic temperature and good EB weldability. Each of the continuous lengths of the reinforcement is extruded billet on billet and press quenched on-line from the extrusion temperature in an industrial extrusion plant. In order to insure the ready EB weldability of the reinforcement onto the pure aluminum of the insert, tight dimensional tolerances and proper surface finish of the reinforcement are required in the as-extruded state. As well, in order to facilitate the winding operation of the conductor, the uniformity of the mechanical properties of the extruded reinforcement, especially at the billet on billet joints, is critical. To achieve these requirements in an industrial environment, substantial effort was made to refine existing production techniques and to monitor critical extrusion parameters during production. This paper summarizes the main results obtained during the establishment of the extrusion line and of the production phase of the reinforcement. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Tavares, SS (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 424 EP 427 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03577-7 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018435 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600091 ER PT J AU Sims, JR Schillig, JB Boebinger, GS Coe, H Paris, AW Gordon, MJ Pacheco, MD Abeln, TG Hoagland, RG Mataya, MC Han, K Ishmaku, A AF Sims, JR Schillig, JB Boebinger, GS Coe, H Paris, AW Gordon, MJ Pacheco, MD Abeln, TG Hoagland, RG Mataya, MC Han, K Ishmaku, A TI The U. S. NHMFL 60 T long pulse magnet failure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE failure investigation; high field; Nitronic-40 (TM); pulsed magnet; sigma phase AB The 60 T long pulse magnet operated by the U. S. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico failed catastrophically on July 28, 2000. The failure was investigated and the cause was determined to be unusually low toughness in the nitrogen strengthened manganese stainless steel (Nitronic-40(TM)) reinforcing material. The source of the reduced toughness condition was a sigma phase conversion in the microstructure. The magnet failure, failure investigation and results of the investigation are described. Plans for the construction of the successor magnet, the 60 tesla long pulse Mark II, are described. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sims, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 480 EP 483 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03588-1 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018447 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600103 ER PT J AU Weggel, RJ AF Weggel, RJ TI Conceptual design of pion-capture magnets of up to 15 cm bore and 20 T peak field SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE cryogenic pulse magnet; hybrid magnet; radiation-resistant magnet AB For the Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration, BNL has considered solenoidal magnet systems of several types to capture pions generated by bombarding,a mercury jet with multi-GeV protons. The magnet systems generate up to 20 T, uniform to 5% throughout A cylindrical volume 0.15 m in diameter and 0.6 m long. Axially downstream the field ramps gradually downward by a factor of sixteen, while the bore increases fourfold. The steady-state system needed for an accelerator has many superconducting coils and a radiation-resistant insert of mineral-insulated hollow conductor. Less costly, pulsed systems suffice to study pion capture and the effect of a magnetic, field on a jet hit by a proton beam. BNL has explored three types of magnets, each with. its principal coils precooled by liquid nitrogen. One type employs two sets of coils energized sequentially. Charged in 23 s by a power supply of 5 MVA, the 14-ton outer set generates 10 T and stores 28 NU, from which, in 1/3 s, to charge a half-ton inner coil that adds 12 1/2 T to the 7 1/2 T remaining from the outer set. An alternative design uses 25 MVA to energize, in 1.4 s, a single 3-ton set of coils. The third type bows to budgetary constraints and is more modest in size And performance. A magnet of 2-3 tons generates 10-11 T with only 2 MVA, in a bore big enough (11 cm) to accommodate the jet. It forgoes the field ramp that improves pion retention. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Weggel, RJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 487 EP 491 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03590-X DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018449 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600105 ER PT J AU Ando, T Isono, T Kato, T Koizumi, N Okuno, K Matsui, K Martovetsky, N Nunoya, Y Ricci, M Takahashi, Y Tsuji, H AF Ando, T Isono, T Kato, T Koizumi, N Okuno, K Matsui, K Martovetsky, N Nunoya, Y Ricci, M Takahashi, Y Tsuji, H TI Pulsed operation test results of the ITER-CS model coil and CS inert SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE cable-in-conduit conductor; CSMC; ITER; limiting current; ramp rate AB The ITER-Central Solenoid (CS) model coil, which was wound with forced cooled Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors, was fabricated and tested to demonstrate the justification of CS design for ITER. The CS model coil, whose magnetic stored energy at generation of 13 T is 640 MJ, is the largest one among superconducting pulsed coils constructed so far. The target of pulsed operation is to generate 13 T with ramp rate of 0.4 T/s. The CS model coil and also CS insert were achieved the target without quench. One of the most interesting test items for these coils is to know the dependence of quench current on ramp up rate in pulsed operation. Another is to investigate temperature margin to the target, which was made by changing ramp up rate and inlet temperature. In case of inlet temperature of 4.5 K, the CS model coil and CS insert were operated up to 13 T without quench with a rate of 0.6 T/s and 1.2 T/s, respectively. In case of 6.5 K, however, quench current of the coils was decreased as ramp rate was increased. These results are discussed in comparison with the critical current and the limiting current. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. ENEA, CR Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RP Ando, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 496 EP 499 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03592-3 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018451 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600107 ER PT J AU Arai, K Ninomiya, A Ishigohka, T Takano, K Matsui, K Michael, PC Vieira, RF Martovetsky, NN Kaiho, K Nakajima, H Takahashi, Y Kato, T Ando, T Tsuji, H Okuno, K AF Arai, K Ninomiya, A Ishigohka, T Takano, K Matsui, K Michael, PC Vieira, RF Martovetsky, NN Kaiho, K Nakajima, H Takahashi, Y Kato, T Ando, T Tsuji, H Okuno, K TI Acoustic emission during DC operations of the ITER Central Solenoid model coil SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE AC loss; acoustic emission; Central Solenoid model coil; electromagnetic force; ITER ID SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS AB Acoustic emission (AE) signals from the Central Solenoid (CS) model coil developed in ITER program were studied during direct current (DC) operation. Estimation of the AE energy from the coil indicates close correlation between the AE energy and AC losses in the cable-in-conduit (CIC) conductor. This correlation comes from motions of the cables and de-bonding of strands in the cable-in-conduit (CIC) conductors during repeated charging of the coil. The AE measurements clearly indicated the existence of mechanical disturbances even in the cases where the voltage spikes observed in the balance voltages were comparable to the noise level. In the case of the CS model coil, the locations of the mechanical disturbances could be determined Using ALE signals in combination with information from voltage spikes correlated with the AE signals. C1 NatlInst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Seikei Univ, Musashino, Tokyo 1808633, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Arai, K (reprint author), NatlInst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. OI Michael, Philip/0000-0003-4906-6169 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 504 EP 507 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03594-7 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018453 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600109 ER PT J AU Martovetsky, N Michael, P Minervini, J Radovinsky, A Takayasu, M Gung, CY Thome, R Ando, T Isono, T Hamada, K Kato, T Kawano, K Koizumi, N Matsui, K Nakajima, H Nishijima, G Nunoya, Y Sugimoto, M Takahashi, Y Tsuji, H Bessette, D Okuno, K Mitchell, N Ricci, M Zanino, R Savoldi, L Arai, K Ninomiya, A AF Martovetsky, N Michael, P Minervini, J Radovinsky, A Takayasu, M Gung, CY Thome, R Ando, T Isono, T Hamada, K Kato, T Kawano, K Koizumi, N Matsui, K Nakajima, H Nishijima, G Nunoya, Y Sugimoto, M Takahashi, Y Tsuji, H Bessette, D Okuno, K Mitchell, N Ricci, M Zanino, R Savoldi, L Arai, K Ninomiya, A TI Test of the ITER central solenoid model coil and CS insert SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE cable in conduit conductors; losses; stability; superconducting magnets; testing AB The Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) was designed and built from 1993 to 1999 by an ITER collaboration between the U.S. and Japan, with contributions from the European Union and the Russian Federation. The main goal of the project was to establish the superconducting magnet technology necessary for a large-scale fusion experimental reactor. Three heavily instrumented insert coils were built to cover a wide operational space for testing. The CS Insert, built by Japan, was tested in April-August of 2000. The TF Insert, built by Russian Federation, will be tested in the fall of 2001. The NbAl Insert, built by Japan, will be tested in 2002. The testing takes place in the CSMC Test Facility at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka, Japan. The CSMC was charged successfully without training to its design current of 46 kA to produce 13 T in the magnet bore. The stored energy at 46 kA was 640 MJ. This paper presents the main results of the CSMC and the CS Insert testing-magnet critical parameters, ac losses, joint performance, quench characteristics and some results of the post-test analysis. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. ITER Joint Cent Team, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. ENEA CR, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Seikei Univ, Musashino, Tokyo 1808633, Japan. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Nishijima, Gen/B-8804-2009; OI Nishijima, Gen/0000-0001-7493-0559; Michael, Philip/0000-0003-4906-6169 NR 11 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 600 EP 605 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03616-3 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018475 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600131 ER PT J AU Savoldi, L Zanino, R Marchese, V Martovetsky, N Suesser, M Ulbricht, A Wuechner, F Zahn, G AF Savoldi, L Zanino, R Marchese, V Martovetsky, N Suesser, M Ulbricht, A Wuechner, F Zahn, G TI First measurement of the current sharing temperature at 80 kA in the ITER Toroidal Field Model Coil (TFMC) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE cable in conduit; Nb3Sn; nuclear fusion; toroidal field coil ID M-AND-M; MAGNETS; CODE AB The first measurement of the T-cs at 80 kA was successfully performed in the ITER TFMC. Two resistive heaters are available on the inlet piping of the P1.1 and P1.2 pancakes, and can be independently operated. An "optimum" heating scenario, based on the multi-step (staircase) strategy developed before the tests, was determined and used for T-cs measurement. The test ended with the quench of the coil, followed by the dump. A normal zone was originated first in the P1.2 conductor, with the inlet helium temperature in P1.2 of about 8.7 to 8.9 K just before the quench, as expected from previous analysis. The results of the test are presented and analysis is performed for an accurate assessment of T-cs, evaluating the effects of Joule heating in the joint, heat exchange through the joint between P1.2 and the slightly colder P1.1, and helium propagation from the heater to the peak field region in the conductor. C1 Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, Cso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM savoldi@polito.it; zanino@polito.it NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 635 EP 638 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03622-9 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018482 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600138 ER PT J AU Caspi, S Gourlay, SA Hafalia, R Hinkins, RL Lietzke, AF O'Neill, J Sabbi, GL AF Caspi, S Gourlay, SA Hafalia, R Hinkins, RL Lietzke, AF O'Neill, J Sabbi, GL TI A superconducting undulator for 3rd-generation light sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE helix; magnet; superconducting; undulator AB Third-generation light sources are considering full aperture superconducting short-period undulators for new applications. One novel proposal is based on super-imposed fields generated by simple helical windings around a rectangular form. Each layer would be bifilar wound from a single superconducting strand with an alternating pitch between layers. The alternating pitch of "right-hand" and "left-hand" layers produces an overall linear undulating field. A single superconducting strand over the entire magnet eliminates all internal joints. To enhance the field, we have incorporated ferromagnetic iron in the pole regions, and propose to use it for minor field adjustments. This paper describes the magnetic concept, the winding scheme, and reports the field analysis and harmonic calculations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Caspi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 682 EP 685 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03727-2 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018493 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600149 ER PT J AU Bacon, JL Ammerman, CN Coe, H Ellis, GW Lesch, BL Sims, JR Schillig, JB Swenson, CA AF Bacon, JL Ammerman, CN Coe, H Ellis, GW Lesch, BL Sims, JR Schillig, JB Swenson, CA TI The US NHMFL 100 Tesla multi-shot magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE 100 tesla; high field; pulsed magnet ID T NONDESTRUCTIVE MAGNET AB The design, analysis and fabrication progress of the 100 T Multi-Shot Magnet is described. The description includes the structural analysis of the outer coil set, the fabrication of the 100 T prototype coil 1, the fabrication of a coil 1 test shell, and the analysis of the electrical busbar assembly. Fabrication issues and their solutions are presented. This magnet will be installed as part of the user facility research equipment at the U.S. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) Pulsed Field Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Bacon, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 695 EP 698 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03724-7 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018496 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600152 ER PT J AU Kratz, R Post, RF AF Kratz, R Post, RF TI A null-current electro-dynamic levitation system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE Halbach array; Maglev; null-current system; permanent magnet AB All electro-dynamic levitation systems (EDS) have peak drag forces and peak and average power consumption to deal with in order to be viable in maglev applications. Both factors affect the energy cost and the capital cost of the propulsion system. A significant improvement for EDS systems is a so-called null-current configuration. It consists of two Halbach arrays, one above the track and one below the track. The two arrays are oriented with respect to one another so that their horizontal field components add while their vertical field components oppose. In this way, the levitating field component is enhanced while the field component that excites the currents in the ladder-track between the two arrays is weakened. The basic idea is that the lower induced current and the higher levitating field component produce the necessary levitation force. At the same time the drag force is much lower, since it depends on the product of the induced current and the vertical field component. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kratz, R (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 930 EP 932 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03855-1 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018551 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600207 ER PT J AU Barale, PJ Fong, CG Green, MA Luft, PA McInturff, AD Reimer, JA Yahnke, M AF Barale, PJ Fong, CG Green, MA Luft, PA McInturff, AD Reimer, JA Yahnke, M TI The use of a permanent magnet for water content measurements of wood chips SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE NMR; permanent magnet; pulp and paper AB The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has developed a device that measures the water content of wood chips, pulp and brown stock for the paper industry. This device employs a permanent magnet as the central part of a NMR measurement system. This report describes the magnet and the NMR measurement system. The results of water content measurements in wood chips in a magnetic field of 0.47 T are presented. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barale, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 975 EP 978 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03869-1 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018563 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600219 ER PT J AU Rey, CM Hoffman, WC Chang-Diaz, FR Ilin, AV Petro, AJ Winter, DS Mukai, H Schwenterly, SW AF Rey, CM Hoffman, WC Chang-Diaz, FR Ilin, AV Petro, AJ Winter, DS Mukai, H Schwenterly, SW TI Design and fabrication of an HTS magnet for the VASIMR experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE Bi-2223; conduction cooled; HTS magnet AB An International Team consisting of DuPont Superconductivity, Oak Ridge National Lab, the Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory, and Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. has designed and fabricated a conduction-cooled High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) coil for use in the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR). The HTS coil will be installed and tested in the ongoing VASIMR experiment at the Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, TX. The HTS coil is 0.04 m in length, with a 0.23 m inner diameter, and has a mass less than 5.0 kg. The central operating magnetic field is a nominal 0.28 T with a design operating current of similar to105 A. The HTS coil is conduction cooled with a nominal operating temperature of 40 K. The HTS conductor uses a Bi-2223 material with a stainless steel backing strip for reinforcement. Details and test results of the mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic analyses are discussed. C1 DuPont Superconduct, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Adv Space Propuls Lab, Houston, TX 77059 USA. Sumitomo Elect Co Ltd, Osaka 554, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rey, CM (reprint author), DuPont Superconduct, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 993 EP 996 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03873-3 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018567 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600223 ER PT J AU Barzi, E Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Bauer, P Chichili, D Fratini, M Elementi, L Hoffman, J Limon, PJ Mattafirri, S Rey, JM Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, E Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Bauer, P Chichili, D Fratini, M Elementi, L Hoffman, J Limon, PJ Mattafirri, S Rey, JM Yamada, R Zlobin, AV TI Superconductor and cable R&D for high field accelerator magnets at Fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res ID NB3SN STRANDS; DIPOLE; FABRICATION; REACT AB This paper presents past results and future goals of the Nb3Sn strand and cable R&D being performed within the High Field Magnet program at Fermilab. Research tools include a reaction site for Nb3Sn, a Short Sample Test Facility, a Scanning Electron Microscope, and a 28-strand cabling machine. Strands of various designs and diameters Produced with the Internal Tin, Modified Jelly Roll, and Powder-in-Tube methods, and several Rutherford-type cables were studied. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1009 EP 1013 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03877-0 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018571 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600227 ER PT J AU Cure, B Blau, B Campi, D Goodrich, LF Horvath, IL Kircher, F Liikamaa, R Seppala, J Smith, RP Teuho, J Vieillard, L AF Cure, B Blau, B Campi, D Goodrich, LF Horvath, IL Kircher, F Liikamaa, R Seppala, J Smith, RP Teuho, J Vieillard, L TI The superconducting strand for the CMS solenoid conductor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res AB The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the general-purpose detectors to be provided for the LHC project at CERN. The design field of the CMS superconducting magnet is 4 T, the magnetic length is 12.5 m and the free bore is 6 m. Approximately 2000 km of superconducting strand is under procurement for the conductor of the CMS superconducting solenoid. Each strand length is required to be an integral multiple of 2.75 km. The strand is composed of copper-stabilized multifilamentary Nb-Ti with Nb barrier. Individual strands are identified by distinctive patterns of Nb-Ti filaments selected during stacking of the monofilaments. The statistics of piece length, measurements of I-C, n-value, copper RRR, (Cu+Nb)/Nb-Ti ratio, as well as the results of independent cross checks of these quantities, are presented. A study was performed on the CMS strands to investigate the critical current degradation due to various heat treatments. The degradation versus annealing temperature and duration are reported. C1 CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, STCM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Outokumpu Poricopper Oy, Pori 28101, Finland. RP Cure, B (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1014 EP 1017 AR PII S1051-8223(02)03891-5 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018572 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600228 ER PT J AU Ghosh, AK Gupta, R Sampson, WB Hasegawa, T Scanlan, RM Sokolowski, RS AF Ghosh, AK Gupta, R Sampson, WB Hasegawa, T Scanlan, RM Sokolowski, RS TI Batch testing of BSCCO 2212 cable in subcooled liquid nitrogen SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE BSCCO 2212 cables; critical current; transition temperature ID RUTHERFORD AB A technique has been developed for testing long lengths of superconducting cable made from BSCCO 2212 wires in liquid nitrogen. The cable is tested as a large diameter spiral with removable voltage taps so that the conductor can be recovered for use in fabricating developmental magnets. Since the transition temperature of BSCCO 2212 conductors is often lower than 77 K the nitrogen bath must be pumped to reduce its temperature. As the pressure is slowly reduced the transition temperature can be determined and the current carrying capabilities measured as a function of temperature. 55 K can be easily achieved with the same equipment used for superfluid testing in liquid helium. Four cables have been tested ranging in length from 30 m to 0.6 m. A steady improvement in the superconducting properties of these cables was observed, reflecting the experience gained in strand fabrication and heat treatment by the manufacturer. For some of these cables, measurements were also made at 4.2 K to establish a correlation between the transition temperature and the expected current carrying capabilities in liquid helium. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Showa Elect Wire & Cable, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. Lawrence Berkley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Intermagnet Gen Corp, Waterbury, CT 06704 USA. RP Ghosh, AK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1128 EP 1131 AR PII S1051-8223(02)04139-8 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018600 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600256 ER PT J AU Hamdan, NM Sastry, PVPSS Schwartz, J AF Hamdan, NM Sastry, PVPSS Schwartz, J TI Magnetic properties of fluorinated Pb-doped Hg-1223 high T-c superconductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE fluorination; Hg-based; high T-c; magnetic properties ID PHASE-FORMATION; RE; HGBA2CA2CU3O8+DELTA; IRREVERSIBILITY; ENHANCEMENT; OXYGEN AB Fluorination of Pb-doped HgBa2Ca2Cu3Oy (Hg-1223) system was investigated. Structural and magnetic measurements reveal that fluorine addition promotes the phase formation, optimize the charge carrier concentration, and enhance flux pinning. We report an increase in both the transition temperature and the critical current density through controlled fluorine incorporation. Even a possible change in the pinning mechanism in this technologically important system is suggested. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Phys, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. FSU, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Hamdan, NM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schwartz, Justin/D-4124-2009 OI Schwartz, Justin/0000-0002-7590-240X NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1132 EP 1135 AR PII S1051-8223(02)04140-4 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018601 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600257 ER PT J AU Hasegawa, T Koizumi, T Hikichi, Y Nakatsu, T Scanlan, RM Hirano, N Nagaya, S AF Hasegawa, T Koizumi, T Hikichi, Y Nakatsu, T Scanlan, RM Hirano, N Nagaya, S TI HTS conductors for magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE Bi-2212; large capacity cable; round wire; Rutherford cable ID CAPACITY AB We have successfully improved the J(c) value of Bi-2212 round wire to 500 kA/cm(2) at 4.2 K in self-field. The J(c) value strongly depended on the filament size, aspect ratio, and geometry. Adjusting the filament size made it possible to obtain wires with J(c) values higher than 450 hA/cm(2) in a range of wire diameters from 0.8 to 1.3 mm. The J(c) value remained constant up to an applied tensile strength of 150 MPa. A 1 + 6 stranded cable fabricated using 1.02 mm diameter wires carried an I, value of 4.5 kA at 4.2 K in self-field. A 16-strand Rutherford cable could also be fabricated using this wire. C1 Showa Elect Wire & Cable Co Ltd, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2291133, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Chubu Elect Power Co Inc, Midori Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4598522, Japan. RP Hasegawa, T (reprint author), Showa Elect Wire & Cable Co Ltd, 4-1-1 Minami Hashimoto, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2291133, Japan. NR 3 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1136 EP 1140 AR PII S1051-8223(02)04141-6 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018602 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600258 ER PT J AU Scanlan, RM Higley, HC Bossert, R Kerby, J Ghosh, AK Boivin, M Roy, T AF Scanlan, RM Higley, HC Bossert, R Kerby, J Ghosh, AK Boivin, M Roy, T TI Manufacturing experience for the LHC Inner Triplet Quadrupole cables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE cables; NbTi; superconducting magnets ID HIGH-GRADIENT QUADRUPOLE; FERMILAB; MAGNETS; DESIGN AB The design for the U.S. LHC Inner Triplet Quadrupole magnet requires a 37 strand (inner layer) and a 46 strand (outer layer) cable. This represents the largest number of strands attempted to date for a production quantity of Rutherford-type. cable. The cable parameters were optimized during the production of a series of short prototype magnets produced at FNAL. These optimization studies focused on critical current degradation, dimensional control, coil winding, and interstrand resistance. After the R&D phase was complete, the technology was transferred to NEEW and a new cabling machine was installed to produce these cables. At present, about 60 unit lengths, out of 90 required for the entire production series of magnets, have I been completed for each type of cable. The manufacturing experience with these challenging cables will be reported. Finally, the implications for even larger cables, with more strands, will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. New England Elect Wire, Lisbon, NH 03585 USA. RP Scanlan, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1203 EP 1206 AR PII S1051-8223(02)04156-8 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018617 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600273 ER PT J AU Andreev, NI Chichili, DR Terechkine, IM Zlobin, AV AF Andreev, NI Chichili, DR Terechkine, IM Zlobin, AV TI Development and study of insulation systems for Nb3Sn accelerator magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE insulation; Nb3Sn; superconducting magnet ID DIPOLE MODEL; DESIGN AB Fermilab is involved in the development of high field superconducting accelerator magnets for different applications based on Nb3Sn superconductor. Accelerator magnets have to withstand thousands of thermal and excitation cycles, significant mechanical stresses, and high voltages developed during quench while providing reliable operation for extended period of time. Insulation system is one of the most important elements of magnet design, which determines (and in some cases even limits) the electrical, mechanical, and thermal performance. Different elements of the magnet insulation system such as cable insulation, interlayer insulation, quench heater insulation, and ground insulation have been developed and studied. In this paper we will describe the insulation system used in the Fermilab shell-type dipole models followed by the high voltage test results. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Andreev, NI (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1227 EP 1231 AR PII S1051-8223(02)04162-3 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018623 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600279 ER PT J AU Han, K Ishmaku, A Xin, Y Garmestani, H Toplosky, VJ Walsh, R Swenson, C Lesch, B Ledbetter, H Kim, S Hundley, M Sims, JR AF Han, K Ishmaku, A Xin, Y Garmestani, H Toplosky, VJ Walsh, R Swenson, C Lesch, B Ledbetter, H Kim, S Hundley, M Sims, JR TI Mechanical properties of MP35N as a reinforcement material for pulsed magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE defects; dislocations; elastic constant; high strength materials; mechanical properties; reinforcement materials ID DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM AB A cobalt multiphase alloy, MP35N, is studied as one of the reinforcement materials for pulsed magnets. The mechanical properties of this alloy at room temperature and 77 K are examined. The cold-rolled and aged MP35N produces a hardness of 5650 MPa and yield strength of 2125 MPa at room temperature. At 77 K, the yield strength reached 2500 MPa and the work hardening rate was higher than that at room temperature. The Young's modulus increases about 6% upon cooling from 300 to 5 K. Therefore, the increase of the strength at low temperatures is attributed mainly to the increase of the work hardening rate rather than modulus. The potential for further increasing of the strength of this alloy is discussed. C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Han, K (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1244 EP 1247 AR PII S1051-8223(02)04170-2 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018627 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600283 ER PT J AU Matsukawa, T Shioyama, M Neumeyer, C Tsuji-Iio, S Shimada, R AF Matsukawa, T Shioyama, M Neumeyer, C Tsuji-Iio, S Shimada, R TI Operational loss reduction using power-MOSFET for magnetic field coil power supplies of nuclear fusion experimental machine SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res DE loss reduction; magnetic field coil; nuclear fusion experimental machine; power-MOSFET; power supplies AB To meet the requirement of supplying extremely high DC current to the magnetic field coil of nuclear fusion experimental machine, the AC/DC converter system of power supplies should be designed to reduce the operational loss. An attractive power electronics element of power-MOSFET has the advantage of low on state resistance, and is suitable as the switching device for low voltage and high current AC/DC converter. To make the on state resistance of power-MOSIFET lower for loss reduction, the static and DC characteristics of on-state resistance are investigated in the conditions of pre-cooled down temperature and in parallel connection for power-MOSFET. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Nucl Reactors Res Lab, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 152, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Matsukawa, T (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Nucl Reactors Res Lab, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 152, Japan. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1378 EP 1381 AR PII S1051-8223(02)04201-X DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018659 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 574UU UT WOS:000176908600315 ER PT J AU Behal, A Dawson, DM Dixon, WE Fang, Y AF Behal, A Dawson, DM Dixon, WE Fang, Y TI Tracking and regulation control of an underactuated surface vessel with nonintegrable dynamics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Lyapunov; nonlinear; surface vessels; tracking; underactuated ID MOBILE ROBOTS; EXPONENTIAL STABILIZATION; SYSTEMS AB In this note, a continuous, time-varying tracking controller is designed that globally exponentially forces the position/orientation tracking error of an underactuated surface vessel to a neighborhood about zero that can be made arbitrarily small [i.e., global uniformly ultimately boundedness (GUUB)]. The result is facilitated by fusing a filtered tracking error transformation with the dynamic oscillator design presented in [6]. We also illustrate that the proposed tracking controller yields a GUUB result for the regulation problem. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM abehal@ces.clemson.edu; ddawson@ces.clemson.edu; dixonwe@ornl.gov; yfang@ces.clemson.edu RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015 OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X NR 20 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 EI 1558-2523 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD MAR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 495 EP 500 AR PII S0018-9286(02)02829-5 DI 10.1109/9.989148 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 531WE UT WOS:000174439600011 ER PT J AU Ardebili, H Hillman, C Natishan, MAE McCluskey, P Pecht, MG Peterson, D AF Ardebili, H Hillman, C Natishan, MAE McCluskey, P Pecht, MG Peterson, D TI A comparison of the theory of moisture diffusion in plastic encapsulated microelectronics with moisture sensor chip and weight-gain measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE capacitance change; Fickian diffusion modeling; hydrogen bonding; moisture diffusion; moisture sensor; plastic encapsulated microelectronics ID PACKAGES; EPOXIES AB In this paper, the issues pertaining to moisture diffusion in PEMs are explored and discussed. The existing models of moisture diffusion in plastic molding compounds and PEMs are reviewed. Results, modeling and analysis of moisture sorption experiments performed in this study are presented. The moisture sorption experiments were conducted on a set of PEM samples with a common type of encapsulant material to 1) characterize sorption behavior; 2) compare weight gain measurement to the measurement of moisture concentration using a moisture sensor device at the die surface; 3) assess the moisture sensor measurement method. In the case of PEM samples tested in this study, simple Fickian diffusion was shown to agree closely with the experimental results. In one case, a relatively small anomaly from Fickian diffusion was observed and was attributed to swelling and relaxation phenomena at later stages of moisture sorption in the molding compound. The calibration constants determined for the sensors in this study were found to be significantly different from those collected by the manufacturer prior to the encapsulation or the devices. This problem is believed to be degradation in sensitivity of the moisture sensor due to exposure to high temperatures and storage conditions. C1 Univ Maryland, CALCE Elect Prod & Syst Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Phoenix Engn Assoc Inc, Davidson, MD 21035 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ardebili, H (reprint author), Gen Elect Corp R&D, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RI McCluskey, Patrick/H-6035-2013; OI Pecht, Michael/0000-0003-1126-8662 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1521-3331 J9 IEEE T COMPON PACK T JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 132 EP 139 AR PII S 1521-3331(02)02307-3 DI 10.1109/6144.991185 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 533DW UT WOS:000174515000017 ER PT J AU Hsu, JS AF Hsu, JS TI Closure on "Hybrid-secondary-uncluttered induction (HSU-I) machine" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NTRC, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Hsu, JS (reprint author), NTRC, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8969 J9 IEEE T ENERGY CONVER JI IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 150 EP 151 AR PII S0885-8969(02)02320-3 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 524CD UT WOS:000173993700024 ER PT J AU de Almeida, AT Ferreira, FJTE Busch, JF Angers, P AF de Almeida, AT Ferreira, FJTE Busch, JF Angers, P TI Comparative analysis of IEEE 112-B and IEC 34-2 efficiency testing standards using stray load losses in low-voltage three-phase, cage induction motors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP IEEE, IAS DE efficiency testing standards; induction motors; market transformation; motor testing; stray load losses AB Since 1998, 817 motor efficiency test data sets, in the 1-500-hp (0.75-375 kW) range have been collected from several sources in different countries around the world, for 50 and 60 Hz. The test data include the motor efficiency using the IEC 34-2 and IEEE 112-B test standards, and the quantification of the stray load losses (SLLs), using the IEEE 112-B method. In 125 cases, the test data include the efficiency computed with both methods. The aim of this paper was the quantification of the discrepancy between the two mentioned standards, and to establish an approximate method to allow the comparison between motors tested with the two standards. Based on the significant number of collected motor data sets, it was concluded that, when compared to the IEEE 112-B standard, the IEC 34-2 standard is less accurate, and gives typically higher efficiency values, mainly because of the SLLs estimation procedure. The IEEE 112-B SLLs computed values are typically higher than the IEC SLLs predefined values, on average of 1.0 and 0.8 percentage points for 50-Hz and 60-Hz motors, respectively. Also, the average SLLs values vary slightly with the motor power. Using efficiency measurements made with both standards on the same motors, it was possible to confirm that the SLLs are the main reason for the observed discrepancy in the efficiency values. The results of the analysis carried out in this paper offer the possibility of comparing the efficiency of motors tested under the IEC 34-2 standard with motors tested with IEEE 112-B, leading to a choice of the most cost-effective option. This paper also provides a key contribution to the ongoing revision of the IEC 34-2 standard. C1 Univ Coimbra, Dept Elect Engn, P-3030 Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LTEE Hydro Quebec, Shawinigan, PQ G9N 7N5, Canada. RP de Almeida, AT (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Dept Elect Engn, P-3030 Coimbra, Portugal. OI J. T. E. FERREIRA, FERNANDO/0000-0002-1823-2892; Almeida, Anibal/0000-0002-3641-5174 NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 608 EP 614 AR PII S0093-9994(02)02675-0 DI 10.1109/28.993186 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 535DY UT WOS:000174631000029 ER PT J AU Rote, DM Cai, YG AF Rote, DM Cai, YG TI Review of dynamic stability of repulsive-force Maglev suspension systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Review DE dynamics; electrodynamics; magnetic forces; magnetic levitation AB This review summarizes and assimilates the results of work reported in the literature over the past 25 years that pertains to understanding those factors that influence the dynamic stability of repulsive-force magnetic levitation (maglev) suspension systems. Included are summaries of the results of representative tests of large-scale vehicles on linear test tracks and of analytical and laboratory-scale investigations of stability and dynamics of electrodynamic suspension systems. Research needs are also addressed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rote, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 47 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 1383 EP 1390 AR PII S0018-9464(02)01893-9 DI 10.1109/20.996030 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 543DW UT WOS:000175086900010 ER PT J AU Sitek, A Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH AF Sitek, A Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH TI Correction for ambiguous solutions in factor analysis using a penalized least squares objective SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE dynamic SPECT; factor analysis; penalized least squares ID MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; COMPONENTS; SPECT; PET AB Factor analysis is a powerful tool used for the analysis of dynamic studies. One of the major drawbacks of factor analysis of dynamic structures (FADS) is that the solution is not mathematically unique when only nonnegativity constraints are used to determine factors and factor coefficients. In this paper, a method to correct for ambiguous FADS solutions has been developed. A nonambiguous solution (to within certain scaling factors) is obtained by constructing and minimizing a new objective function. The most common objective function consists of a least squares term that when minimized with nonnegativity constraints, forces agreement between the applied factor model and the measured data. In our method, this objective function is modified by adding a term that penalizes multiple components in the images of the factor coefficients. Due to nominiqueness effects, these factor coefficients consist of more than one physiological component. The technique was tested on computer simulations, an experimental canine cardiac study using Tc-99m-teboroxime, and a patient planar Tc-99m-MAG(3) renal study. The results show that the technique works well in comparison to the truth in computer simulations and to region of interest (ROI) measurements in the experimental studies. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Sitek, A (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, 729 Arapeen Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. OI Sitek, Arkadiusz/0000-0002-0677-4002 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01-HL25840, R01-HL50663] NR 16 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD MAR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 216 EP 225 AR PII S0278-0062(02)04084-3 DI 10.1109/42.996340 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 542VA UT WOS:000175063900003 PM 11989846 ER PT J AU Pantelides, ST Di Ventra, M Lang, ND Rashkeev, SN AF Pantelides, ST Di Ventra, M Lang, ND Rashkeev, SN TI Molecular electronics by the numbers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE molecular electronics; molecular transport; nanoelectronics ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CONDUCTANCE; RESISTANCE; DEVICE AB Molecules are an attractive option to develop nanoscale electronic devices. Experimental measurements of current-voltage characteristics of individual molecules have been possible for several years and have revealed rich structure and diverse behavior. This paper reviews recent theoretical work by the authors in which current-voltage characteristics of individual molecules are computed using a fully quantum-mechanical parameter-free method. The results provide detailed understanding of transport in molecules in the context of data and go further by obtaining information about the role of molecule-electrode contacts and predicting the behavior of three-terminal molecular devices and the factors that control their performance. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37861 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Pantelides, ST (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Di Ventra, Massimiliano/E-1667-2011 OI Di Ventra, Massimiliano/0000-0001-9416-189X NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 1 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 AR PII S1536-125X(02)04582-9 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2002.1005430 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 669WQ UT WOS:000182373800011 ER PT J AU Swadener, JG Liechti, KM Liang, YM AF Swadener, JG Liechti, KM Liang, YM TI Shear induced toughening in bonded joints: experiments and analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE fracture; adhesively bonded joints; cohesive zone model; geometric moire; finite element analysis; mixed-mode fracture toughness ID MIXED-MODE FRACTURE; INTERFACE; PLASTICITY; ADHESIVE AB Bonded joint specimens were fabricated from composite adherends and either an epoxy or a urethane adhesive. In mixed-mode fracture experiments, the epoxy bonded specimens generally failed by subinterfacial fracture in the composite, while specimens bonded with urethane failed verb close to the adhesive/substrate interface. For the epoxy bonded specimens. fracture toughness did not change significantly with mode-mix, but for urethane bonded joints, fracture toughness increased with increasing shear load. Finite element analysis, which modeled specimens bonded with the two adhesives, showed similar trends. The different toughening behaviors for the two bonded joints can be attributed to dissipation of energy through inelastic deformation. which was insignificant in the epoxy-bonded joints but substantial when the urethane was used as the bonding agent. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Res Ctr Mech Solids Struct & Mat, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SHaRE User Facil, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Swadener, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008 MS-6116, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Swadener, John G/0000-0001-5493-3461 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 114 IS 2 BP 113 EP 132 DI 10.1023/A:1015013618976 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 553RE UT WOS:000175688600001 ER PT J AU Daum, KA Atkinson, DA Ewing, RG AF Daum, KA Atkinson, DA Ewing, RG TI The role of oxygen in the formation of TNT product ions in ion mobility spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENTATION PATHWAYS; PLASMA CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REAGENT IONS; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; IONIZATION; ANIONS AB The atmospheric pressure ionization of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in air yields the (TNT-H)(-) product ion. It is generally accepted that this product ion is formed by the direct proton abstraction of neutral TNT by O-2(-) reactant ions. Data presented here demonstrate the reaction involves the formation of an intermediate (TNT.O-2)(-), from the association of either TNT- + O-2 or TNT- + O-2. This intermediate has two subsequent reaction branches. One of these branches involves simple dissociation of the intermediate to TNT-; the other branch is a terminal reaction that forms the typically observed (TNT-H)(-) ion via proton abstraction. The dissociation reaction involving electron transfer to TNT- appeared to be kinetically favored and prevailed at low concentrations of oxygen (less than 2%). The presence of significant amounts of oxygen, however, resulted in the predominant formation of the (TNT-H)(-) ion by the terminal reaction branch. With TNT- in the system, either from direct electron attachment or by simple dissociation of the intermediate, increasing levels of oxygen in the system will continue to reform the intermediate, allowing the cycle to continue until proton abstraction occurs. Key to understanding this complex reaction pathway is that O-2(-) was observed to transfer an electron directly to neutral TNT to form the TNT-. At oxygen levels of less than 2%, the TNT- ion intensity increased with increasing levels of oxygen (and O-2(-)) and was larger than the (TNT-H)(-) ion intensity. As the oxygen level increased from 2 to 10%, the (TNT-H)(-) product ion became predominant. The potential reaction mechanisms were investigated with an ion mobility spectrometer, which was configured to independently evaluate the ionization pathways. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Chem, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Ewing, RG (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Chem, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 214 IS 2 BP 257 EP 267 AR PII S1387-3806(01)00591-7 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00591-7 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 536JZ UT WOS:000174698100005 ER PT J AU Barth, RF Yang, WL Bartus, RT Rotaru, JH Ferketich, AK Moeschberger, ML Nawrocky, MM Coderre, JA Rofstad, EK AF Barth, RF Yang, WL Bartus, RT Rotaru, JH Ferketich, AK Moeschberger, ML Nawrocky, MM Coderre, JA Rofstad, EK TI Neutron capture therapy of intracerebral melanoma: Enhanced survival and cure after blood-brain barrier opening to improve delivery of boronophenylalanine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE BNCT; boronophenylalanine; intracerebral melanoma; blood-brain barrier opening ID INTRACAROTID INJECTION; SODIUM BOROCAPTATE; BRADYKININ AGONIST; DRUG-DELIVERY; BORON; TUMORS; DISRUPTION; PERMEABILITY; MODULATION; METASTASES AB Purpose: Multicentric cerebral metastases of melanoma represent an important clinical problem for which there currently is no satisfactory treatment. We previously developed a model for melanoma metastatic to the brain employing nude rats bearing intracerebral implants of the human MRA27 melanoma. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the efficacy of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) could be improved by either Cereport (RMP-7) mediated modulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability or hyperosmotic mannitol-induced BBB disruption using boronophenylalanine (BPA) as the capture agent. Methods and Materials: Biodistribution studies were carried out at 0.5, 2.5, and 4 h after intracarotid administration of Cereport (1.5 mug/kg) and intracarotid or i.v. administration of BPA (500 mg/kg). Peak tumor boron concentrations (65.4 mug/g) and the best composite tumor:brain (6.1:1) and tumor:blood (6.3:1) ratios were observed at 2.5 h after intracarotid administration. BNCT was initiated at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor 13-14 days after intracerebral implantation of 106 MRA27 cells. Results: Untreated control rats had a median survival time (MeST) of 22 days and for irradiated controls, it was 30-days. Rats that received i.v. or intracarotid BPA without Cereport followed by BNCT 2.5 h later had MeSTs of 41 days and 57 days, respectively, with 20% long-term survivors (>180 days) in the latter group. Rats that received intracarotid BPA with Cereport had an MeST of 86 days with 36% long-term survivors, which was very close to that of rats that had hyperosmotic mannitol-induced disruption of the BBB (85 days with 25% long-term survivors). When these two groups were combined, and survival times were compared, using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, to those of rats that received intracarotid BPA without blood-brain barrier disruption, these differences were significant at the level p = 0.01. Conclusions: Our data show that optimizing the delivery of BPA by means of intracarotid injection combined with opening the BBB by infusing Cereport or a hyperosmotic solution of mannitol significantly enhanced survival times and produced long-term cures of MRA27 melanoma-bearing rats. These observations are relevant to future clinical studies using BNCT for the treatment of intracerebral melanoma. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Div Epidemiol & Biometr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Alkermes Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Norwegian Radium Hosp, Dept Biophys, Oslo, Norway. RP Barth, RF (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Pathol, 165 Hamilton Hall,1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 52 IS 3 BP 858 EP 868 AR PII S0360-3016(01)02734-1 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(01)02734-1 PG 11 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 524EL UT WOS:000173999400036 PM 11849812 ER PT J AU Richter, B AF Richter, B TI Preparing for terrorism SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Richter, B (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 543ED UT WOS:000175087700007 ER PT J AU Truly, RH AF Truly, RH TI Ethanol for transportation SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Truly, RH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 543ED UT WOS:000175087700015 ER PT J AU Hosoito, N Hashizume, H Ishimatsu, N Bae, IT Srajer, G Lang, JC Venkataraman, CK Nelson, CS AF Hosoito, N Hashizume, H Ishimatsu, N Bae, IT Srajer, G Lang, JC Venkataraman, CK Nelson, CS TI Magnetic structures of an iron-gadolinium multilayer at low temperatures SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE magnetic multilayer; spin arrangement; rare-earth film; exchange interaction; resonant X-ray magnetic reflectometry; synchrotron radiation ID GD/FE MULTILAYERS; FE/GD MULTILAYERS; SPIN CONFIGURATIONS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SCATTERING; SURFACE; FILMS; FE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; ROUGHNESS AB Low-temperature magnetic structures of an [Fe/Gd](15) multilayer are determined using the resonant X-ray magnetic scattering technique at a synchrotron source. The difference intensities of specular Bragg reflections observed by flipping the helicity of circularly polarized probing X-rays of energy close to the L-3 absorption edge of Gd show that the multilayer is in the Gd-aligned state with the magnetic moments of the Gd layers oriented parallel to the applied in-plane field at H = 0.5 kOe, T = 10 K. This transforms into the twisted state with canted Gd moments by raising field strength H and/or temperature T. In the twisted state, the Gd moments at the interfaces and the core of the Gd layers show distinctive canting angles. Temperature and field-dependent in-plane rotations of local Gd moments have been visualized. C1 Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Res & Educ Ctr Mat Sci, Ikoma 6300101, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hashizume, H (reprint author), Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Res & Educ Ctr Mat Sci, Ikoma 6300101, Japan. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3A BP 1331 EP 1339 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.1331 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 566WP UT WOS:000176451500024 ER PT J AU Abraham, D AF Abraham, D TI Advances in lithium-ion battery research and technology SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abraham, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 18 EP 19 DI 10.1007/BF02822612 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 530AV UT WOS:000174334200002 ER PT J AU Thackeray, MM Vaughey, JT Fransson, LML AF Thackeray, MM Vaughey, JT Fransson, LML TI Recent developments in anode materials for lithium batteries SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SITU X-RAY; ION-BATTERIES; LI; DIFFRACTION; COMPOSITES; TIN AB Lithium-ion batteries, preferred for their high energy and power, also present several challenges. Of particular concern are unsafe conditions that can arise in lithium-ion cells that operate with a fully lithiated graphite electrode. If the cells in those batteries are overcharged, especially in large-scale applications, thermal runaway, venting, fire, and explosion could result. This paper examines research into alternative, intermetallic electrode materials. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, Dept Chem Mat, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Thackeray, MM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 20 EP 23 DI 10.1007/BF02822613 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 530AV UT WOS:000174334200003 ER PT J AU McBreen, J Balasubramanian, M AF McBreen, J Balasubramanian, M TI Rechargeable lithium-ion battery cathodes: In-situ XAS SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; DIFFRACTION; NICKEL; LINIO2; OXIDE; ENVIRONMENTS; XANES; EXAFS AB Lithium-ion batteries with high energy and power density are needed for a variety of new technologies. The materials that are used in the cathodes and anodes of these batteries have crystal structures that can accommodate and release lithium over a fairly large composition range. Over 95% of commercial lithium-ion batteries use LiCoO2 cathodes, but the high cost of cobalt makes cheaper alternatives desirable. Knowledge of the redox chemistry and changes in structure during electrochemical cycling is of paramount importance in designing new cathode materials with superior properties. The authors explored the changes in the atomic and electronic structure of nickel- and manganese-based cathode materials using in-situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The element-specific nature of the XAS technique and its sensitivity to the local chemical environment make it an ideal toot to study this class of materials. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McBreen, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 29 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 25 EP 28 DI 10.1007/BF02822615 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 530AV UT WOS:000174334200004 ER PT J AU Jansen, AN Amine, K Newman, AE Vissers, DR Henriksen, GL AF Jansen, AN Amine, K Newman, AE Vissers, DR Henriksen, GL TI Low-cost, flexible battery packaging materials SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Considerable cost savings can be realized if the metal container used for lithium-based batteries is replaced with a flexible multi-laminate containment commonly used in the food packaging industry. This laminate structure must have air, moisture, and electrolyte barrier capabilities, be resistant to hydrogen-fluoride attack, and be heat-sealable. After extensive screening of commercial films, the polyethylene and polypropylene classes of polymers were found to have an adequate combination of mechanical, permeation, and seal-strength properties. The search for a better film and adhesive is ongoing. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Energizer, Westlake, OH USA. RP Jansen, AN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016 OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790 NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 29 EP + DI 10.1007/BF02822616 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 530AV UT WOS:000174334200005 ER PT J AU Laskin, A Cowin, JP AF Laskin, A Cowin, JP TI On deposition efficiency of point-to-plate electrostatic precipitator SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE point-to-plate electrostatic precipitator; deposition efficiency AB The deposition efficiency of a point-to-plate electrostatic precipitator onto a target substrate was studied in this work. The efficiency when measured in the traditional way, by the loss of particles from the exiting air, was like in many other such devices, typically high (80-90%). However, the actual useful deposition onto the target substrate was never more than 50% and sometime as low as a few percent only. Therefore, special caution should be taken in design and testing of electrostatic precipitators for quantitative sampling of aerosols. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 405 EP 409 AR PII S0021-8502(01)00183-5 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(01)00183-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522DX UT WOS:000173881400001 ER PT J AU Cheng, MD Storey, JM Wainman, T Dam, T AF Cheng, MD Storey, JM Wainman, T Dam, T TI Impacts of venturi turbulent mixing on the size distributions of sodium chloride and dioctyl-phthalate aerosols SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerosol; ejector; sodium chloride; dioctyl-phthalate; dilution AB The purpose of this investigation was to determine if turbulent mixing created by the ejector causes change in the size distribution of particles passing through it. The results using dry solid sodium chloride (NaCl) particles show no discernible difference in the geometric mean diameter and the geometric standard deviation of particles passing through the ejector. Similar results were found for the dioctyl-phthalate (DOP) particles. In other words, there was no apparent shift in the center and spread (measured by the geometric standard deviation) of the particle size distributions. The ratio of the total number concentrations before and after the ejector indicates a dilution ratio of approximately 20 applies equally for both DOP and NaCl particles. The result suggests the dilution capability of this ejector was not affected by the particle composition. When the variability of the particle counts (in coefficient of variation, CV) in individual size ranges was examined, we found that the bin-to-bin variability was much greater for DOP than for NaCl particles. Although the first and second moments of a distribution (i.e., the geometric mean diameter and geometric standard deviation) were not altered significantly for the DOP particles by the ejector, the skewness measure indicated otherwise. The ejector may modify the particle size distribution of deformable particles such as DOP. The results suggest that it may be difficult to precisely characterize the size distribution of particles using the ejector technique if the particle is not solid. This result has an implication for the use of the ejector as a dilution tool, and one needs to know that the particles to be diluted with such a device are reasonably dry and/or non-deformable under the turbulent condition inside the ejector. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 1505,Mail Stop 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; OI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 491 EP 502 AR PII S0021-8502(01)00180-X DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(01)00180-X PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522DX UT WOS:000173881400007 ER PT J AU Olivella, MA del Rio, JC Palacios, J Vairavamurthy, MA de las Heras, FXC AF Olivella, MA del Rio, JC Palacios, J Vairavamurthy, MA de las Heras, FXC TI Characterization of humic acid from leonardite coal: an integrated study of PY-GC-MS, XPS and XANES techniques SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE humic acid; leonardite coal; pyrolysis GC-MS; XPS; XANES; tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE; PYROLYSIS DERIVATIZATION; SULFUR SPECIATION; FLASH PYROLYSIS; ORGANIC SULFUR; FULVIC-ACIDS; SUBSTANCES; SPECTROSCOPY AB We studied the humic-acid fraction isolated from a Spanish leonardite coal (Torrelapaja, Cretaceous basin belonging to the Utrillas facies) using a suite of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques to characterize the structure of the carbon skeleton and the nature of the sulfur-containing compounds. In particular, analytical pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to gain detailed molecular information on the organic structures. Pyrolysis in the presence of a methylating agent (tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide, TMAH) was used to characterize polar moieties. We employed non-destructive techniques, XANES and XPS, to investigate the composition of the sulfur functionalities (such as sulfide, polysulfide, thiophene, sulfoxide, sulfonate and sulfate). The combination of these different approaches allows a more complete understanding of the organic sulfur structures in the leonardite coal. In agreement with previous studies, our results show that oxidized sulfur functionalities, such as sulfonate and sulfate, represent the major forms of sulfur in leonardite coal. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Escola Univ Politecn Manresa, E-08240 Manresa, Catalonia, Spain. CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, E-41080 Seville, Spain. CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petroleoquim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP de las Heras, FXC (reprint author), Escola Univ Politecn Manresa, Av Bases Manresa 61-73, E-08240 Manresa, Catalonia, Spain. RI del Rio, Jose/I-8325-2012; de las Heras, F. Xavier C./N-9657-2013 OI del Rio, Jose/0000-0002-3040-6787; de las Heras, F. Xavier C./0000-0002-9865-5878 NR 31 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD MAR PY 2002 VL 63 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0165-2370(01)00141-3 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 517NU UT WOS:000173617500005 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Lee, S AF Hsueh, CH Lee, S TI Effects of viscous flow on residual stresses in film/substrate systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; RIGID SUBSTRATE; MULTILAYERS; RELAXATION; SILICON; DISLOCATIONS; GERMANIUM; VISCOSITY AB An analytical model is developed to analyze the effects of viscous flow on residual stresses in film/substrate systems. This is achieved by utilizing the analogy between the governing field equation of elasticity and the Laplace transform with respect to time of the viscoelastic field equation. While viscous flow can occur in either the film or the substrate, analyses of how viscous flow in the substrate relaxes residual stresses in the film have not been performed. Also, the film thickness is often ignored in analyzing stress relaxation due to viscous flow in the film. The above two issues are studied in the present analysis. For the case of viscous flow in the film, the stress relaxation rate decreases with increasing film thickness. Conversely, for the case of viscous flow in the substrate, the stress relaxation rate increases with increasing film thickness. Compared to viscous flow in the film, viscous flow in the substrate results in slower stress relaxation in the system. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 5 BP 2760 EP 2765 DI 10.1063/1.1445282 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JF UT WOS:000174182400025 ER PT J AU Setchell, RE AF Setchell, RE TI Refractive index of sapphire at 532 nm under shock compression and release SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC SAPPHIRE; FUSED-SILICA; INTERFEROMETER; KBAR; WAVE AB The refractive index of sapphire at 532 nm has been determined along the Z axis over a range of conditions produced in shock compression and release experiments. In these experiments, a laser interferometer is used to measure particle velocity at an interface with a sapphire window. Values for refractive index are found from velocity corrections that must be made to account for refractive-index changes in the window due to shock wave motion. Early studies found that Z-cut sapphire windows resulted in much larger corrections than other window materials. These studies examined refractive-index changes at a wavelength of 633 nm, corresponding to the helium-neon lasers typically used in interferometers at that time. Because of the high shock impedance of sapphire, its use as an interferometer window since the early studies has been limited. Recent interest in the shock response of high-impedance ceramics, however, has resulted in considerable use of sapphire windows in experiments using laser interferometers operating at a wavelength of 532 nm. The current study is a careful re-examination of the refractive index of Z-cut sapphire under shock compression and release at this wavelength. As in the earlier work, symmetric-impact experiments were conducted on a gas gun facility using sapphire discs cut with their faces normal to the Z axis of the crystal. Laser interferometer measurements were made under known conditions to find the necessary velocity corrections as a function of the shocked state. A method used previously for analyzing refractive-index effects was used to determine refractive index as a function of the shocked state during single-shock motion, then extended to later events involving additional wave motions within the window. The current refractive-index measurements show a simple, linear dependence on density in the shocked state, in contrast to a more complicated dependence found previously. This difference is shown to be a consequence of small changes in the measured velocity corrections. The polarizability behavior is also examined using the present results, indicating a near balance between refractive-index changes due strictly to increasing density and those resulting from polarizability changes in the shocked state. An analysis using available sapphire data on refractive-index changes during hydrostatic compression and isobaric heating indicates that the temperature dependence of the polarizability has a relatively small effect on the changes in refractive index during shock compression. Together with the linear index-density relation, this indicates that a simple velocity correction found for single-shock motion can be accurately applied to arbitrary wave motions within sapphire windows. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM resetch@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 5 BP 2833 EP 2841 DI 10.1063/1.1446219 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JF UT WOS:000174182400036 ER PT J AU Lee, YE Norton, DP Budai, JD Rack, PD Peterson, J Potter, MD AF Lee, YE Norton, DP Budai, JD Rack, PD Peterson, J Potter, MD TI Photo- and low-voltage cathodoluminescence in lithium zinc gallate blue and green thin-film phosphors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; EMISSION; ZNGA2O4 AB The photo- and cathodoluminescence properties of epitaxial lithium-doped zinc gallate thin-film phosphors grown on (100) MgO single crystal substrates using pulsed laser ablation were investigated. The addition of lithium to both undoped and Mn-doped ZnGa2O4 films significantly enhanced the photo- and low-voltage cathodoluminescent intensity. Cathodoluminescent efficiencies for as-deposited undoped and Mn-doped lithium zinc gallate films as high as 0.21 lm/W and 0.29 lm/W, respectively, were achieved for 1 kV and 2.26 muA/cm(2). Based on these results, lithium-doped zinc gallate thin-film phosphors appear to be attractive for applications in low-voltage field emission display devices. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Microelect Technol Lab, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Adv Vis Technol Inc, W Henrietta, NY 14586 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microelect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Lee, YE (reprint author), Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Microelect Technol Lab, Taejon 305350, South Korea. RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016; OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 5 BP 2974 EP 2977 DI 10.1063/1.1448863 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JF UT WOS:000174182400058 ER PT J AU Sepliarsky, M Phillpot, SR Stachiotti, MG Migoni, RL AF Sepliarsky, M Phillpot, SR Stachiotti, MG Migoni, RL TI Ferroelectric phase transitions and dynamical behavior in KNbO3/KTaO3 superlattices by molecular-dynamics simulation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB The phase transitions and dynamical behavior of superlattices consisting of equal-thickness layers of a perovskite ferroelectric (KNbO3) and a perovskite paraelectric (KTaO3) are explored using molecular-dynamics simulation. We find that the response in the plane and in the modulation direction are essentially decoupled. The Curie temperature for the transition from a polarized to unpolarized state in the modulation direction decreases approximately linearly with modulation length, Lambda, for Lambda>12; for smaller modulation lengths, it is essentially constant. The Curie temperature in the plane appears to be only weakly modulation-length dependent. We relate our results to experimental findings on the same system. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. UNR, CONICET, Inst Fis Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. RP Sepliarsky, M (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Inst Geophys, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 14 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 5 BP 3165 EP 3171 DI 10.1063/1.1435826 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JF UT WOS:000174182400093 ER PT J AU Jiang, JC Lin, Y Chen, CL Chu, CW Meletis, EI AF Jiang, JC Lin, Y Chen, CL Chu, CW Meletis, EI TI Microstructures and surface step-induced antiphase boundaries in epitaxial ferroelectric Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin film on MgO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; MICROWAVE PROPERTIES; STRESS AB Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films were epitaxially grown on (001) MgO substrates using pulsed laser ablation. Cross-sectional and plan-view transmission electron microscopy have been employed to study the microstructures and the interface behavior of the as-grown thin films. The 110-nm-thick Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films have a flat surface and sharp interface. The entire thin film has a single-crystal cubic structure with an interface relationship of (001)(Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3)//(001)(MgO) and <100>(Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3)//<100>(MgO) with respect to the substrate. The 6.4% lattice mismatch between Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 and MgO was completely released at the interface by forming equally spaced misfit dislocations with a distance of similar to3.2 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigation shows that the initial grown layer of the film is the TiO2 monolayer. The growth models of "substrate surface-terrace induced defects" for perovskite on a rock-salt system have been developed to understand the as-grown features where the conservative and nonconservative antiphase boundaries can be formed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jiang, JC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI lin, yuan/B-9955-2013 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 5 BP 3188 EP 3192 DI 10.1063/1.1446221 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JF UT WOS:000174182400096 ER PT J AU Anderson, RA Lagasse, RR Russick, EM Schroeder, JL AF Anderson, RA Lagasse, RR Russick, EM Schroeder, JL TI Effects of void size and gas content on electrical breakdown in lightweight, mechanically compliant, void-filled dielectrics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGES; EPOXY AB Dielectric potting materials (encapsulants) are used to prevent air breakdown in high-voltage electrical devices. We report breakdown strengths in void-filled encapsulants, stressed with unipolar voltage pulses of the order of 10 mus duration. High strengths, on the order of 100 kV mm(-1), are measured under these test conditions. The materials studied include low-density open celled gel-derived foams with cell sizes of 4 mum or less, closed celled CO2-blown polystyrene and urethane foams, and epoxies containing 48 vol % of hollow glass microballoon (GMB) fillers. These last specimens varied the void gas (N-2 or SO2) and also the void diameters (tens to hundreds of mum). Our measurements are thought to be directly sensitive to the rate of field-induced ionization events in the void gas; however, the breakdown strengths of the materials tested appeared to vary in direct proportion with the conventional Paschen-law gas-discharge inception threshold, the electric stress at which gas-ionization avalanches become possible. The GMB-epoxy specimens displayed this type of dependence of breakdown strength on the void-gas density and void size, but the measurements were an order of magnitude above the conventional predictions. Small-celled foams also showed increased breakdown strengths with decreased cell size, although their irregular void geometry prevented a direct comparison with the more uniformly structured microballoon-filled encapsulants. The experimental observations are consistent with a breakdown mechanism in which the discharge of a few voids can launch a full breakdown in the composite material. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 5 BP 3205 EP 3212 DI 10.1063/1.1445284 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JF UT WOS:000174182400099 ER PT J AU Rose, DV Welch, DR Oliver, BV Clark, RE Johnson, DL Maenchen, JE Menge, PR Olson, CL Rovang, DC AF Rose, DV Welch, DR Oliver, BV Clark, RE Johnson, DL Maenchen, JE Menge, PR Olson, CL Rovang, DC TI Coupled particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo transport modeling of intense radiographic sources SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM AB Dose-rate calculations for intense electron-beam diodes using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations along with Monte Carlo electron/photon transport calculations are presented. The electromagnetic PIC simulations are used to model the dynamic operation of the rod-pinch and immersed-B diodes. These simulations include algorithms for tracking electron scattering and energy loss in dense materials. The positions and momenta of photons created in these materials are recorded and separate Monte Carlo calculations are used to transport the photons to determine the dose in far-field detectors. These combined calculations are used to determine radiographer equations (dose scaling as a function of diode current and voltage) that are compared directly with measured dose rates obtained on the SABRE generator at Sandia National Laboratories. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Titan Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 5 BP 3328 EP 3335 DI 10.1063/1.1448868 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JF UT WOS:000174182400119 ER PT J AU Luo, JJ Jameson, L AF Luo, JJ Jameson, L TI A wavelet-based technique for identifying, labeling, and tracking of ocean eddies SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Wavelet analysis offers a new approach for viewing and analyzing various large datasets by dividing information according to scale and location. Here a new method is presented that is designed to characterize time-evolving structures in large datasets from computer simulations and from observational data. An example of the use of this method to identify, classify, label, and track eddylike structures in a time-evolving dataset is presented. The initial target application is satellite data from the TOPEX/Poseiden satellite. But, the technique can certainly be used in any large dataset that might contain time-evolving or stationary structures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Jameson, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,MS L-312, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008 OI Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1175/1520-0426-19.3.381 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 524NK UT WOS:000174019600008 ER PT J AU Korth, A Friedel, RHW Frutos-Alfaro, F Mouikis, CG Zong, Q AF Korth, A Friedel, RHW Frutos-Alfaro, F Mouikis, CG Zong, Q TI Ion composition of substorms during storm-time and non-storm-time periods SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Storms and Space Weather Hazards CY JUN 19-29, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE SP Adv Stud Inst, Natl Observ Athens, Inst Space Applicat & Remote Sensing, NATO Sci & Environm Div, European Space Agcy, COSPAR DE magnetosphere; storm; substorm ID CRRES SPACECRAFT; MAGNETIC STORMS; ELECTRON; PARTICLE AB The oxygen to hydrogen ratio (O+/H+) is investigated for storm-time substorms (D-st = -195 nT) and for substorms in absence of storms (non-storm-time substorms) (D-st greater than or equal to -30 nT). For this study we use CRRES particle and electric field data as well as indicators for storm (D-st) and substorm. (AE) activity and the IMF B-z-compoment from IMP-8. Injection of particles into the inner magnetosphere during storms and substorms is consistent with enhanced convection caused by large-scale storm-time or dipolarization dawn-dusk electric fields in the near-Earth magnetotail. The strength of this convection is related to the magnitude and duration of the negative IMF B-z, which are both larger for storm-time substorms than for non-storm-time substorms. Non-storm-time substorms lead to only minor ring current enhancements at large L-values (L = 5.0-7.0), while storm-time substorms can contribute the main ring current. During storms the ring current maximum can move in as far as L = 3 from its quiet time position at L = 4.5. Storm-time substorms have O+/H+ ratios of several 100%, whereas non-storm-time substorms show an O+/H+. ratio between 15% and 65%. The obvious composition difference between storm-time and non-storm-time substorms indicates that during storms one or a combination of the following factors play a role: (1) oxygen ions are preferentially accelerated/transported in the plasma sheet, (2) pre-storm conditions lead to a large reservoir of oxygen ions tailward of the oxygen trapping boundary, or (3) polar ionospheric outflow is enhanced leading to an increased convection source of oxygen ions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Space Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Korth, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 64 IS 5-6 BP 561 EP 566 AR PII S1364-6826(02)00013-5 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00013-5 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 568MZ UT WOS:000176547200012 ER PT J AU Renner, MW Fajer, J AF Renner, MW Fajer, J TI Oxidative chemistry of nickel porphyrins (vol 6, pg 823, 2001) SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11974 USA. RP Fajer, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11974 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 352 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s00775-001-0329-8 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 530GY UT WOS:000174351000014 ER PT J AU Pineda-Lucena, A Yi, GS Chang, XQ Cort, JR Kennedy, MA Edwards, AM Arrowsmith, CH AF Pineda-Lucena, A Yi, GS Chang, XQ Cort, JR Kennedy, MA Edwards, AM Arrowsmith, CH TI Letter to the Editor: Solution structure of the hypothetical protein MTH0637 from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article DE heteronuclear NMR; Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum; structural genomics; structural proteomics ID PROGRAM C1 Ontario Canc Inst, Div Mol & Struct Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Arrowsmith, CH (reprint author), Ontario Canc Inst, Div Mol & Struct Biol, 610 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. RI Pineda-Lucena, Antonio/B-1320-2014; Yi, Gwan-Su/A-7896-2011 OI Pineda-Lucena, Antonio/0000-0002-6115-0868; Yi, Gwan-Su/0000-0003-0012-6546 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62413-02] NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2738 J9 J BIOMOL NMR JI J. Biomol. NMR PD MAR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1023/A:1014908801766 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 537MB UT WOS:000174761100007 PM 11991357 ER PT J AU Buchko, GW Wallace, SS Kennedy, MA AF Buchko, GW Wallace, SS Kennedy, MA TI Letter to the Editor: Base excision repair: NMR backbone assignments of Escherichia coli formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article DE chemical shift mapping; 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine; DNA repair; Fpg (MutM) protein; oxidized DNA ID FPG C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Vermont, Markey Ctr Mol Genet, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Kennedy, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015 OI Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2738 J9 J BIOMOL NMR JI J. Biomol. NMR PD MAR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 301 EP 302 DI 10.1023/A:1014903518628 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 537MB UT WOS:000174761100011 PM 11991361 ER PT J AU Anderson, GK AF Anderson, GK TI Solubility of carbon dioxide in water under incipient clathrate formation conditions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB The solubility of carbon dioxide in water was measured at temperatures from 1 degreesC to 15 degreesC, at pressures approaching the clathrate-forming pressure. The goal was to fill gaps in the literature as well as to look for evidence of structural changes in liquid water near the onset of clathrate formation. The data were analyzed according to the Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky (KK) equation. The Henry's law constant K-H and the partial molar volume at infinite dilution (V) over bar (infinity)(CO2) were determined at each temperature. Contrary to claims based on older data in the literature, the KK equation was found to be an adequate representation of the solubility. The Henry's law constants are in excellent agreement with accepted literature values. No evidence was found for dramatic changes in water structure as the clathrate-forming pressure is approached. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, GK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS J-567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1021/je015518c PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 532KY UT WOS:000174475100016 ER PT J AU Williams, LL Mas, EM Rubin, JB AF Williams, LL Mas, EM Rubin, JB TI Vapor-liquid equilibrium in the carbon dioxide-propylene carbonate system at high pressures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID ACETATE; STATE AB Vapor-liquid equilibrium data (P, T, x, y) for the binary mixture of carbon dioxide + propylene carbonate were measured on four isotherms from 298.15 K to 373.15 K and at pressures ranging from 41.4 to 206.8 bar (600-3000 psi). Comparisons are made between experimental results and calculations of the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) cubic equation of state with three interaction parameters. The experimental data of other ester compounds are also modeled with the SRK equation, and the interaction parameters are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rubin, JB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E574, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 282 EP 285 DI 10.1021/je010151x PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 532KY UT WOS:000174475100029 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K AF Balasubramanian, K TI Potential energy surfaces of Lawrencium and Nobelium dihydrides (LrH2 and NoH2) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULES; ELEMENTS; STATES; HEAVY; ATOMS; LANTHANIDE; RELATIVITY; CHEMISTRY; HYDRIDES AB It is demonstrated that the compounds of late actinides, namely Lawrencium and Nobelium surprisingly exhibit unusual nonactinide properties in that unlike other actinides the chemistry of these species is principally determined by the 7s and 7p orbitals rather than the 5f or 6d shells. Relativistic computations including electron correlation and spin-orbit effects using the complete-active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field followed by second-order and multireference relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) techniques are considered for the Lawrencium and Nobelium dihydrides as well the atoms. The ground and first excited states of Lawrencium and Nobelium arise from the 7s and 7p shells, and thus the potential energy surfaces of these species are unusual in having considerable 7p characteristics. Both molecules form stable bent ground states reminiscent of sp(2) hybridization with equilibrium bond angles near 120degrees. The Lawrencium compounds exhibit unusual characteristics due to avoided crossings of the potential energy surfaces. As a result of spin-orbit coupling, the B-2(2) state of LrH2 undergoes avoided crossing with the (2)A(1) state in the spin double group, which reduces the barrier for insertion of Lr into H-2. The Nobelium compounds are shown to be considerably less stable compared to Lawrencium compounds due to the relativistic stabilization of the 7s shell of the Nobelium atom. It is shown that the barrier for insertion of Lr into H-2 is lowered by relativity (spin-orbit coupling), while No has to surpass a larger barrier due to the relativistic stabilization of the 7s(2) shell, which is not very reactive. Lawrencium is the only element in the actinide series with unusually low ionization potential, and NoH2 has an unusually large dipole moment of 5.9 Debye. It is suggested that the Lawrencium and Nobelium compounds should have periodic similarities to the thallium and radium compounds, respectively. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kbala@ucdavis.edu NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 9 BP 3568 EP 3575 DI 10.1064/1.1446029 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 522GT UT WOS:000173888400006 ER PT J AU Zhao, CY Balasubramanian, K AF Zhao, CY Balasubramanian, K TI Geometries and spectroscopic properties of silicon clusters (Si-5, Si-5(+), Si-5(-), Si-6, Si-6(+), and Si-6(-)) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC-ENERGY SPECTROSCOPY; RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; ANION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; LOW-LYING STATES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GERMANIUM CLUSTERS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; AFFINITIES; SURFACES AB Ground and excited electronic states of the neutral, cationic, and anionic silicon pentamer and hexamer (Si-5 and Si-6) are investigated. Different geometries such as trigonal bipyramid (TBP; D-3h), distorted-TBP (C-2v), and edge-capped tetrahedron (ECT; C-2v) for Si-5 and tetragonal bipyramid (TEBP; D-4h, D-2h), edge-capped trigonal bipyramid (ECTBP; C-2v) for Si-6 were studied. We have employed a number of techniques such as large scale complete active-space multiconfiguration self-consistent field (CAS-MCSCF), mutireference singles+doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) computations up to 12 million configurations, Moller-Plesset (MP2) and coupled cluster singles and doubles+triple excitation estimate [CCSD(T)] techniques to investigate the low-lying electronic states, their geometries and energy separations of neutral, cationic and anionic Si-5 and Si-6. A (1)A(1g) TEBP structure (D-4h symmetry) is computed as the ground state for Si-6, in accord with the previously suggested experimental assignments, while the Si-5 cluster is found to have a TBP (D-3h) ground state. The excitation energy, atomization energies, ionization potentials, and vertical and adiabatic electron affinities are computed and compared with the experimental results. Our computations of the excited states of these species have facilitated assignment of the anion X, A, and B bands of the photoelectron spectra of Si-5(-) and Si-6(-) observed by Neumark and co-workers. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 56 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 9 BP 3690 EP 3699 DI 10.1063/1.1446027 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 522GT UT WOS:000173888400020 ER PT J AU Baletto, F Ferrando, R Fortunelli, A Montalenti, F Mottet, C AF Baletto, F Ferrando, R Fortunelli, A Montalenti, F Mottet, C TI Crossover among structural motifs in transition and noble-metal clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL FEATURES; SELF-DIFFUSION; AG; SIZE; ENERGETICS; SURFACE; MODEL; PD; CU; AU AB The energetics of nanoclusters is investigated for five different metals (Ag, Cu, Au, Pd, and Pt) by means of quenched molecular dynamics simulations. Results are obtained for two different semiempirical potentials. Three different structural motifs are considered: icosahedra (Ih), decahedra (Dh), and truncated octahedra (TO). The crossover sizes among structural motifs are directly calculated, considering cluster up to sizes Nsimilar or equal to40 000. For all the systems considered, it is found that icosahedra are favored at small sizes, decahedra at intermediate sizes, and truncated octahedra at large sizes. However, the crossover sizes depend strongly on the metal: in Cu, the icosahedral interval is rather large, and it is followed by a very wide decahedral window; on the contrary, in Au, the icosahedral interval is practically absent, and the decahedral window is narrow. The other metals display intermediate behaviors, Ag being close to Cu, and Pd and Pt being close to Au. A simple criterion, which is based on the ratio between the bulk modulus and the cohesive energy per atom, is developed to account for the differences among the metals. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, CNR, CFSBT, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. CNR, Ist Proc Chim Fis, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CNRS, CRMC2, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. RP Baletto, F (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RI Montalenti, Francesco/A-7738-2010; Ferrando, Riccardo /C-4066-2011 OI Montalenti, Francesco/0000-0001-7854-8269; Ferrando, Riccardo /0000-0003-2750-9061 NR 32 TC 288 Z9 291 U1 13 U2 75 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 9 BP 3856 EP 3863 DI 10.1063/1.1448484 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 522GT UT WOS:000173888400036 ER PT J AU Li, J AF Li, J TI Electronic structures, (d-p)pi conjugation effects, and spectroscopic properties of polyoxometalates: M6O192- (M = Cr, Mo, W) SO JOURNAL OF CLUSTER SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE polyoxometalate; M6O192- isopoly ion; Lindqvist-type metal-oxygen cluster; (d-p)pi conjugation effect; three-centered two-electron bond; quasi-aromaticity ID VALENCE FORCE-FIELD; MAIN-GROUP ELEMENT; CLUSTER COMPOUNDS; VIBRATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS; QUASI-AROMATICITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; OXIDE CATALYSTS; ISOPOLY-ANIONS; OXO COMPLEXES AB The electronic structures and bonding of isopoly oxometalates M6O192- (M=Cr, Mo, W) have been investigated by using ab initio and relativistic density functional methods. We have discussed the role of the central oxygen atom and the (d-p)pi conjugation interactions between the metal and bridging oxygen atoms. It is found that there exist 12 three-centered two-electron (d-p-d)pi bonds for the three M-4(mu-O)(4) planar rings in M6O192- ions and these hexametalates are considered to have quasi-aromaticity. The (d-p) pi conjugation effects play essential role in stabilizing these cluster compounds, and the reduced (d-p)pi conjugation effects account for the instability of the isopoly oxochromate ion, Cr6O192-. The vibrational spectra and electronic spectra of M6O192- ions are evaluated and assigned theoretically and the calculated spectra are in fairly good agreement with the measured experimental results. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. RP Li, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 NR 115 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-7278 J9 J CLUST SCI JI J. Clust. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 137 EP 163 AR UNSP 1040-7278/02/0300-0137/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015147214755 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 549QU UT WOS:000175457400011 ER PT J AU Wan, JM Tokunaga, TK AF Wan, JM Tokunaga, TK TI Partitioning of clay colloids at air-water interfaces SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE colloids; air-water interface; partitioning coefficient; bubble-column; kaolinite; montmorillonite; illite; latex microspheres; pH-dependent charges ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; SURFACE-CHARGE; MINERAL PARTICLE; GAS-BUBBLES; KAOLINITE; TRANSPORT; MECHANISM; FLOTATION; SIZE AB Colloid sorption onto air-water interfaces in a variety of natural environments has been previously recognized, but better quantification and understanding is still needed. Affinities of clay colloids for the air-water interface were measured using a bubble-column method and reported as partition coefficients (K). Four types of dilute clay suspensions were measured in NaCl solutions under varying pH and ionic strength conditions: kaolinite KGa-1, illite IMt-2, montmorillonite SWy-2, and bentonite. The K values of three types of polystyrene latex particles with different surface-charge properties were also measured for comparison. Kaolinite exhibited extremely high affinity to the air-water interface at pH values below 7. Illite has lower affinity to air-water interfaces than kaolinite, but has similar pH dependence. Na-montmorillonite and bentonite clay were found excluded from the air-water interface at any given pH and ionic strength. Positively and negatively charged latex particles exhibited sorption and exclusion, respectively, at the air-water interface. These results show the importance of electrostatic interactions between the air-water interface and colloids, especially the influence of pH-dependent edge charges, and influence of particle shape. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wan, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014; Wan, Jiamin/H-6656-2014 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128; NR 38 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 247 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1006/jcis.2001.8132 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 524EA UT WOS:000173998300007 PM 16290440 ER PT J AU Shestakov, AI Milovich, JL Noy, A AF Shestakov, AI Milovich, JL Noy, A TI Solution of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation using pseudo-transient continuation and the finite element method SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann; chemical force microscopy; pseudo-transient continuation; finite elements; massively parallel; unstructured grids ID ELECTRIC-DOUBLE-LAYER; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; MONTE-CARLO; FREE-ENERGY; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; ELECTROSTATICS; COMPUTATION; APPROXIMATION; PARTICLES; SURFACES AB The nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation is solved using Newton-Krylov iterations coupled with pseudo-transient continuation. The PB potential is used to compute the electrostatic energy and evaluate the force on a user-specified contour. The PB solver is embedded in a existing, 3D, massively parallel, unstructured-grid, finite element code. Either Dirichlet or mixed boundary conditions are allowed. The latter specifies surface charges, approximates far-field conditions, or linearizes conditions "regulating" the surface charge. Stability and robustness are proved using results for backward Euler differencing of diffusion equations. Potentials and energies of charged spheres and plates are computed and results compared to analysis. An approximation to the potential of the nonlinear, spherical charge is derived by combining two analytic formula. The potential and force due to a conical probe interacting with a flat plate are computed for two types of boundary conditions: constant potential and constant charge. The second case is compared with direct force measurements by chemical force microscopy. The problem is highly nonlinear-surface potentials of the linear and nonlinear PB equations differ by over an order of magnitude. Comparison of the simulated and experimentally measured forces shows that approximately half of the surface carboxylic acid groups, of density 1/(0.2 nm(2)), ionize in the electrolyte implying surface charges of 0.4 C/m(2), surface potentials of 0.27 V, and a force of 0.6 nN when the probe and plate are 8.7 nm apart. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shestakov, AI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 47 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 247 IS 1 BP 62 EP 79 DI 10.1006/jcis.2001.8033 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 524EA UT WOS:000173998300008 PM 16290441 ER PT J AU Jardine, PM Mehlhorn, TL Larsen, IL Bailey, WB Brooks, SC Roh, Y Gwo, JP AF Jardine, PM Mehlhorn, TL Larsen, IL Bailey, WB Brooks, SC Roh, Y Gwo, JP TI Influence of hydrological and geochemical processes on the transport of chelated metals and chromate in fractured shale bedrock SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE preferential flow; matrix diffusion; chelated metals and radionuclides; field-scale processes ID CO(II/III)EDTA REACTIVE TRANSPORT; EDTA COMPLEXES; POROUS-MEDIA; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; MIGRATION; IRON; DISSOLUTION; REDUCTION; COBALT AB Field-scale processes governing the transport of chelated radionuclides in groundwater remain conceptually unclear for highly structured, heterogeneous environments. The objectives of this research were to provide an improved understanding and predictive capability of the hydrological and geochemical mechanisms that control the transport behavior of chelated radionuclides and metals in anoxic subsurface environments that are complicated by fracture flow and matrix diffusion. Our approach involved a long-term, steady-state natural gradient field experiment where nonreactive Br- and reactive (CO)-C-57(II)EDTA(2-), (109)CdEDTA(2-), and Cr-51(VI) were injected into a fracture zone of a contaminated fractured shale bedrock. The spatial and temporal distribution of the tracer and solutes was monitored for 500 days using an array of groundwater sampling wells instrumented within the fast-flowing fracture regime and a slower flowing matrix regime. The tracers were preferentially transported along strike-parallel fractures coupled with the slow diffusion of significant tracer mass into the bedrock matrix. The chelated radionuclides and metals were significantly retarded by the solid phase with the mechanisms of retardation largely due to redox reactions and sorption coupled with mineral-induced chelate-radionuclide dissociation. The formation of significant Fe(III)EDTA(-) byproduct that accompanied the dissociation of the radionuclide-chelate complexes was believed to be the result of surface interactions with biotite which was the only Fe(III)-bearing mineral phase present in these Fe-reducing environments. These results counter current conceptual models that suggest chelated contaminants move conservatively through Fe-reducing environments since they are devoid of Fe-oxyhydroxides that are known to aggressively compete for chelates in oxic regimes. Modeling results further demonstrated that chelate-radionuclide dissociation reactions were most prevalent along fractures where accelerated weathering processes are expected to expose more primary minerals than the surrounding rock matrix. The findings of this study suggest that physical retardation mechanisms (i.e. diffusion) are dominant within the matrix regime, whereas geochemical retardation mechanisms are dominant within the fracture regime. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Teledyne Brown Eng Inc, Knoxville, TN 37931 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Jardine, PM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, POB 2008 Bethel Valley, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012 OI Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 159 AR PII S0169-7722(01)00190-5 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00190-5 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 535XZ UT WOS:000174672800006 PM 12000090 ER PT J AU Johnston, AM Gemmell, PS AF Johnston, AM Gemmell, PS TI Authenticated key exchange provably secure against the man-in-the-middle attack SO JOURNAL OF CRYPTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE qth roots; discrete logarithms; key exchange; signature scheme AB The standard Diffie-Hellman key exchange is suseptible to an attack known as the man-in-the-middle attack. Lack of authentication in the protocol makes this attack possible. Adding separate authentication to the protocol solves the problem but adds extra transmission and computation costs. Protocols which combine the authentication with the key exchange (an authenticated key exchange) are more efficient but until now none were provably secure against the man-in-the-middle attack. This paper describes an authenticated key exchange based on the difficulty of the qth-root problem, a problem believed to be equivalent to the discrete logarithm problem over groups of order q(2) (where q is a large prime) and parallel to the square-root problem over the ring modulo N, where N is a strong two prime composite integer. We show that mounting a man-in-the-middle attack for our protocol is equivalent to breaking the Diffie-Hellman problem in the group. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Johnston, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0933-2790 J9 J CRYPTOL JI J. Cryptology PD SPR PY 2002 VL 15 IS 2 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s00145-001-0017-4 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA 537XN UT WOS:000174785100005 ER PT J AU Habelitz, S Balooch, M Marshall, SJ Marshall, GW AF Habelitz, S Balooch, M Marshall, SJ Marshall, GW TI Early stages of remineralization of etched dentin. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2175 BP A278 EP A278 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702154 ER PT J AU Imben, V Ritchie, RO Nalla, RK Marshall, S Kinney, JH AF Imben, V Ritchie, RO Nalla, RK Marshall, S Kinney, JH TI Stress life cyclic fatigue behavior of human dentin SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2684 BP A337 EP A337 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702657 ER PT J AU Kim, GY Saiz, E Fujino, S Gomez-Vega, JM Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ Tomsia, AP AF Kim, GY Saiz, E Fujino, S Gomez-Vega, JM Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ Tomsia, AP TI Functionally graded coatings for metallic implants. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 3864 BP A473 EP A473 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024703830 ER PT J AU Kinney, JH Habelitz, S Balooch, M Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ AF Kinney, JH Habelitz, S Balooch, M Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ TI Anomalous behavior in Young's modulus of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type-II dentin. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 3890 BP A476 EP A476 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024703856 ER PT J AU Marshall, GW Breunig, TM Balooch, M Habelitz, S Filvaroff, E Denbesteni, PK Marshall, SJ Hilton, JF Pople, JA Kinney, JH AF Marshall, GW Breunig, TM Balooch, M Habelitz, S Filvaroff, E Denbesteni, PK Marshall, SJ Hilton, JF Pople, JA Kinney, JH TI Transgenic mice overexpressing TGF-b2 have altered biomineralization of dentin. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2871 BP A358 EP A358 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702843 ER PT J AU Schulze, KA Balooch, M Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ AF Schulze, KA Balooch, M Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ TI Micro-Raman spectroscopy and imaging of the DEJ and CDJ. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2177 BP A279 EP A279 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702156 ER PT J AU Martinez-Frias, J Aceves, SM Flowers, D Smith, JR Dibble, R AF Martinez-Frias, J Aceves, SM Flowers, D Smith, JR Dibble, R TI Thermal charge conditioning for optimal HCCI engine operation SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wintern Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY NOV 05-10, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB This work investigates a purely thermal control system for HCCI engines, where thermal energy from exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and compression work in the supercharger are either recycled or rejected as needed, HCCI engine operation is analyzed with a detailed chemical kinetics code, HCT (Hydrodynamics, Chemistry and Transport), which has been extensively modified for application to engines. HCT is linked to an optimizer that determines the operating conditions that result in maximum brake thermal efficiency, while meeting the restrictions of low NOx and peak cylinder pressure. The results show the values of the operating conditions that yield optimum efficiency as a function of torque for a constant engine speed (1800 rpm). For zero torque (idle), the optimizer determines operating conditions that result in minimum fuel consumption. The optimizer is also used for determining the maximum torque that can be obtained within the operating restrictions of NOx and peak cylinder pressure. The results show that a thermally controlled HCCI engine can successfully operate over a wide range of conditions at high efficiency and low emissions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martinez-Frias, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1115/1.1447928 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 547JV UT WOS:000175330000010 ER PT J AU Whicker, JJ Breshears, DD Wasiolek, PT Kirchner, TB Tavani, RA Schoep, DA Rodgers, JC AF Whicker, JJ Breshears, DD Wasiolek, PT Kirchner, TB Tavani, RA Schoep, DA Rodgers, JC TI Temporal and spatial variation of episodic wind erosion in unburned and burned semiarid shrubland SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; GRASSLAND/FOREST CONTINUUM; MESQUITE DUNELANDS; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; FORMER GRASSLANDS; SOIL-MOISTURE; RESUSPENSION; DESERT; DUST AB Redistribution of soil, nutrients, and contaminants is often driven by wind erosion in semiarid shrublands. Wind erosion depends on wind velocity (particularly during episodic, high-velocity winds) and on vegetation, which is generally sparse and spatially heterogeneous in semiarid ecosystems. Further, the vegetation cover can be rapidly and greatly altered due to disturbances, particularly fire. Few studies, however, have evaluated key temporal and spatial components of wind erosion with respect to (i) erosion rates on the scale of weeks as a function of episodic high-velocity winds, (ii) rates at unburned and burned sites, and (iii) within-site spatial heterogeneity in erosion. Measuring wind erosion in unburned and recently burned Chihuahuan desert shrubland, we found (i) weekly wind erosion was related more to daily peak wind velocities than to daily average velocities as consistent with our findings of a threshold wind velocity at approximately 7 in s(-1); (ii) greater crodibility in burned vs. unburned shrubland as indicated by erosion thresholds, aerodynamic roughness, and nearground soil movement; and (iii) burned shrubland lost soil from intercanopy and especially canopy patches in contrast to unburned shrubland, where soil accumulated in canopy patches. Our results are among the first to quantify post-fire wind erosion and highlight the importance of accounting for finer temporal and spatial variation in shrubland wind erosion. This finer-scale variation relates to semiarid land degradation, and is particularly relevant for predictions of contaminant resuspension and redistribution, both of which historically ignore finer-scale temporal and spatial variation in wind erosion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Dynam & Spatial Anal Earth & Environm Sc, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Carlsbad Environm Monitoring & Res Ctr, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Whicker, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Dynam & Spatial Anal Earth & Environm Sc, Mail Stop G761, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 84 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 599 EP 612 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 529ZF UT WOS:000174330600029 PM 11931452 ER PT J AU DeVolder, B Glimm, J Grove, JW Kang, Y Lee, Y Pao, K Sharp, DH Ye, K AF DeVolder, B Glimm, J Grove, JW Kang, Y Lee, Y Pao, K Sharp, DH Ye, K TI Uncertainty quantification for multiscale simulations SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS; ORTHOGONAL ARRAYS; PREDICTION; FLOW AB A general discussion of the quantification of uncertainty in numerical simulations is presented. A principal conclusion is that the distribution of solution errors is the leading term in the assessment of the validity of a simulation and its associated uncertainty in the Bayesian framework. Key issues that arise in uncertainty quantification are discussed for two examples drawn from shock wave physics and modeling of petroleum reservoirs. Solution error models, confidence intervals and Gaussian error statistics based on simulation studies are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 EI 1528-901X J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1115/1.1445139 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 547KJ UT WOS:000175331300006 ER PT J AU Becker, S Stoots, CM Condie, KG Durst, F McEligot, DM AF Becker, S Stoots, CM Condie, KG Durst, F McEligot, DM TI LDA-measurements of transitional flows induced by a square rib SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYERS; LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER AB New fundamental measurements are presented for the transition process in flat plate boundary, layers downstream of two-dimensional square ribs. By use of laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) anti a large Matched-Index-of-Refraction (MIR) flow system, data for wall-normal fluctuations and Reynolds stresses were obtained in the near wall region to y(+) < 0.1 in addition to the usual mean streamwise velocity component and its fluctuation. By varying velocity and rib height, the experiment investigated the following range of conditions: k(+)=5.5 to 21, 0.3 2 scattering in pure N = 1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bern@physics.ucla.edu; freitas@physics.ucla.edu; lance@slac.stanford.edu NR 96 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 IS 3 AR 018 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/018 PG 57 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 546MD UT WOS:000175277100018 ER PT J AU Konechny, A AF Konechny, A TI Unstable solitons on noncommutative tori and D-branes SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE D-branes; non-commutative geometry; superstrings and heterotic strings ID P-P' SYSTEM; B-FIELD; BOUND-STATES; GEOMETRY; SUPERSYMMETRY; ALGEBRAS AB We describe a class of exact solutions of super Yang-Mills theory on even-dimensional noncommutative tori. These solutions generalize the solitons on a noncommutative plane introduced in [7] that are conjectured to describe unstable D2p-D0 systems. We show that the spectrum of quadratic fluctuations around our solutions correctly reproduces the string spectrum of the D2p-D0 system in the Seiberg-Witten decoupling limit. In particular the fluctuations correctly reproduce the 0-0 string winding modes. For p=1 and p=2 we match the differences between the soliton energy and the energy of an appropriate SYM BPS state with the binding energies of D2-D0 and D4-D0 systems. We also give an example of a soliton that we conjecture describes branes of intermediate dimension on a torus such as a D2-D4 system on a four-torus. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Mail Stop 50A-5101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM konechny@thsrv.lbl.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 IS 3 AR 035 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 546MD UT WOS:000175277100035 ER PT J AU Musiba, CM Vogt, M Branting, S AF Musiba, CM Vogt, M Branting, S TI Laetoli Pliocene landscape reconsidered: a reanalysis via functional morphology and taphonomic data SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 So Connecticut State Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Restorat Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Anthropol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP A25 EP A25 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 543QA UT WOS:000175111600041 ER PT J AU Beauheim, RL Roberts, RM AF Beauheim, RL Roberts, RM TI Hydrology and hydraulic properties of a bedded evaporite formation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE evaporites; hydraulic properties; flow dimensions; hydrology; stress-dependent properties ID MODEL; FLOW; ROCK; TESTS; SALT AB The Permian Salado Formation in the Delaware Basin of New Mexico is an extensively studied evaporite deposit because it is the host formation for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a repository for transuranic wastes. Geologic and hydrologic studies of the Salado conducted since the mid-1970s have led to the development of a conceptual model of the hydrogeology of the formation that involves far-field (i.e. beyond the disturbance created by the repository) permeability in anhydrite layers and at least some impure halite layers. Pure halite layers and some impure halite layers may not possess an interconnected pore network adequate to provide permeability. Pore pressures are probably very close to lithostatic pressure. In the near field around an excavation. dilation. creep, and shear have created and/or enhanced permeability and decreased pore pressure. Whether flow occurs in the far field under natural gradients or only after some threshold gradient is reached is unknown. If far-field flow does occur, mean pore velocities are probably on the order of a meter per hundreds of thousands to tens of millions of years. Most hydraulic-test responses in the Salado do not appear to reflect radial flow, but instead imply subradial (e.g. intermediate between linear and radial) flow dimensions. We believe these subradial dimensions reflect channeling of flow through fracture networks. or portions of fractures. that occupy a diminishing proportion of the radially available space, or through percolation networks that are not 'saturated' (percolation terminology meaning fully interconnected). This is probably related to the directional nature of the permeability created or enhanced by excavation effects. Inferred values of permeability cannot be separated from their associated flow dimensions. Therefore, numerical models of flow and transport should include heterogeneity that is structured to provide the same flow dimensions as are observed in hydraulic tests. Modeling of the Salado Formation around the WIPP repository should also include coupling between hydraulic properties and the evolving stress field because hydraulic properties change as the stress field changes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Repository Performance & Certificat, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Beauheim, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Repository Performance & Certificat, 4100 Natl Pk Highway, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 259 IS 1-4 BP 66 EP 88 AR PII S0022-1694(01)00586-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00586-8 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 523JL UT WOS:000173950200005 ER PT J AU Campos, E Kotite, L Blanche, P Mitsugi, Y Frost, PH Masharani, U Krauss, RM Havel, RJ AF Campos, E Kotite, L Blanche, P Mitsugi, Y Frost, PH Masharani, U Krauss, RM Havel, RJ TI Properties of triglyceride-rich and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in the remnant-like particle fraction of human blood plasma SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apolipoproteins; lipoprotein heterogeneity; lipoprotein phenotypes; chromatography; immunoaffinity; diabetes mellitus ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; APO A-I; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; HUMAN-SERUM; CHROMATOGRAPHY; NEPHELOMETRY; SEPARATION; DISEASE; B-100; RATIO AB An immunoassay procedure that quantifies remnant-like particle (RLP) cholesterol in human blood plasma has shown considerable promise as a clinically applicable risk marker for atherosclerotic disease. The lipoproteins included in this assay include not only certain TG-rich lipoproteins [all particles containing apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) and a fraction of those containing apoB-100] but also a very small proportion of plasma cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. The TG-rich lipoprotein component of RLP has been partially characterized, but relatively little is known about the component cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. We have further characterized the properties of the TG-rich component that is included in RLP in which about 25% of the particles contain apoB-48 and the remainder apoB-100. We show that the cholesterol-rich component is comprised mainly of beta-migrating LDL-s that contain predominantly apoB-100. ApoE found in the LDL fraction of RLP resides on pre-P lipoproteins that lack apoA-I as well as apoB. The TG-rich component of RLP is responsible for increased RLP-cholesterol concentrations associated with hypertriglyceridemia. By contrast, the cholesterol-rich component is a major contributor to plasma RLP-cholesterol in individuals with low plasma TG. Our results suggest that particle heterogeneity in the RLP fraction is likely to affect the ability of RLP-cholesterol concentration to predict atherosclerotic risk. RLP-cholesterol concentrations in individuals with low plasma TG may not have the same clinical significance as they do in those with hypertriglyceridemia.-Campos, E., L. Kotite, P. Blanche, Y. Mitsugi, P. H. Frost, U. Masharani, R. M. Krauss, and R. J. Havel. Properties of triglyceride-rich and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in the remnant-like particle fraction of human blood plasma. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Havel, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, 505 Parnassus Ave,Rm L-1337, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-18754, HL-15237] NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 365 EP 374 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 534ZT UT WOS:000174620200002 PM 11893772 ER PT J AU Forte, TM Subbanagounder, G Berliner, JA Blanche, PJ Clermont, AO Jia, Z Oda, MN Krauss, RM Bielicki, JK AF Forte, TM Subbanagounder, G Berliner, JA Blanche, PJ Clermont, AO Jia, Z Oda, MN Krauss, RM Bielicki, JK TI Altered activities of anti-atherogenic enzymes LCAT, paraoxonase, and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in atherosclerosis-susceptible mice SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apoE deficient mice; LDL receptor deficient mice; high density lipoproteins; atherogenic diet; bioactive oxidized phospholipids ID LECITHIN-CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; SERUM PARAOXONASE; STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION; OXIDIZED PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; TRANSGENIC MICE; OXIDATION; LDL AB We examined whether the putative anti-atherogenic enzymes LCAT, paraoxonase (PON), and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) are impaired in 8 week old atherosclerosis susceptible apolipoprotein E (apoE)(-/-) and LDL receptor (LDLr)(-/-) mice and whether plasma concentrations of bioactive oxidized phospholipids accumulate in plasma. ApoE(-/-) mice had reduced (28%) LCAT activity and elevated lysophosphatidylcholine and bioactive oxidized phospholipids (1-palmitoyl-2-oxovaleryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) compared with controls on the chow diet. Elevated oxidized phospholipids and reduced LCAT activity may, in part, contribute to spontaneous lesions in these mice on a chow diet. A Western diet decreased LCAT activity further (50% of controls) and PON activity was decreased 38%. The LDLr-/- mice showed normal LCAT activity on chow diet and little accumulation of oxidized phospholipids. On a Western diet, LDLr-/- mice had reduced LCAT activity (21%), but no change in PON activity. All genotypes had reduced PAF-AH activity on the Western diet. ApoE(-/-) and LDLr-/- mice, but not controls, had elevated plasma bioactive oxidized phospholipids on the Western diet. We conclude that impairment of LCAT activity and accumulation of oxidized phospholipids are part of an early atherogenic phenotype in these models. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Life Sci Div MS 1 222, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Forte, TM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Life Sci Div MS 1 222, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 30568, HL59483, HL18574] NR 50 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 477 EP 485 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 534ZT UT WOS:000174620200014 PM 11893784 ER PT J AU Liu, SF Mao, JD Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Liu, SF Mao, JD Schmidt-Rohr, K TI A robust technique for two-dimensional separation of undistorted chemical-shift anisotropy powder patterns in magic-angle-spinning NMR SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE NMR; SHIELDING TENSORS; PRINCIPAL VALUES; SIDE-BAND; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; DYNAMICS; EXCHANGE; SAMPLES AB A robust magic-angle-spinning experiment for separating undistorted, quasi-static chemical-shift powder patterns is presented. It is derived from the technique of R. Tycko, G. Dabbagh, and P. Mirau (1989, J. Magn. Reson. 85, 265), but uses 360degrees instead of 180degrees pulses. In combination with a suitable phase sequence, this makes the spectral patterns very insensitive to pulse-length errors and other imperfections, as demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically. This method, termed separation of undistorted powder patterns by effortless recoupling (SUPER), can be used at standard spinning speeds, between 2.5 and 5 kHz, and with standard radiofrequency power levels (in particular, for protons, a decoupling field strength gammaB(1)/2pi of less than 80 kHz). No significant artifacts are observed even for samples extending to the ends of the radiofrequency coil. The method has been applied to samples containing various sp(2)- and sp(3)-hybridized carbon sites. Even for the methylene groups in polyethylene, a system with very strong C-H and H-H dipolar couplings and only moderate chemical-shift anisotropy (CSA), a useful CSA powder pattern has been obtained. With a CSA scaling factor of 0.155, accuracies of +/-5, +/-3, and +/-1 ppm of the principal values can be achieved for protonated aromatic carbons, unprotonated sp(2)-hybridized groups, and aliphatic sites, respectively. Examples of CSA-based assignment of COOC vs other COO or CON groups, and of aromatic vs olefinic C=C carbons are shown, for both small molecules and polymers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schmidt-Rohr, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 40 TC 117 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1006/jmre.2002.2503 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 544PN UT WOS:000175169300002 PM 11945029 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Lee, SJ Park, JM AF Kim, KJ Lee, SJ Park, JM TI Electronic structure of DO3-ordered Fe3Co andCo(3)Fe studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE electronic structure; spectrocopic ellipsometry; ferromagnetic compound; optical absorption; band calculation ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; FECO; CO AB Optical properties of DO3-ordered Fe3Co and Co3Fe compounds were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the 1.5-5.2eV photon eneru region. A broad interband absorption structure exists around 2eV in the optical conductivity spectra of the compounds. The absorption structure of Co3Fe is located at lower energies than that of Fe3Co by about 0.5eV. The calculated spin-polarized band structures of the compounds by the linear-muffin-tin orbitals method revealed that the Fe- and Co-like d states disperse in the same energy region because of hybridization. The theoretically calculated optical absorption Structure of Fe3Co shows a good agreement with the experimental result while that of Co3Fe is located at higher energies than the experimental result by about 0.3 eV. Such discrepancy is interpreted as due to the self-energy shift of the interband transitions involving correlated Co-like d electrons, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangjin Gu, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangjin Gu, 1 Hwayangdong, Seoul 143701, South Korea. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 241 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 AR PII S0304-8853(01)00956-8 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00956-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 557LA UT WOS:000175909000002 ER PT J AU Leaf, GK Obukhov, S Scheidl, S Vinokur, VM AF Leaf, GK Obukhov, S Scheidl, S Vinokur, VM TI Transient dynamics of pinning of domain wall SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE elastic manifold; domain wall; pinning; transient dynamics; glassy motion ID ELASTIC MANIFOLDS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; INTERFACES; MOTION; MEDIA AB We study the evolution of an elastic string. serving as model for a domain,wall. into the pinned state at driving forces slightly below the depinning threshold force F-C. We quantify the temporal evolution of the string by an at activity function. A(t) representing the fraction of active nodes at time t and find three distinct dynamic regimes. There is an initial stage of fast decal of the activiy in the second. intermediate. regime. an exponential decay of activity is observed: and. eventually, the fast collapse of the string towards its final pinned state results in decay in the activity with A(t) similar to (t(p) - t)(phi). here t(p) is the pinning time in the finite system involved. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60441 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Vinokur, VM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave,D113, Argonne, IL 60441 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 241 IS 1 BP 118 EP 123 AR PII S0304-8853(01)00980-5 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00980-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 557LA UT WOS:000175909000017 ER PT J AU Kramer, MJ Lewis, LH Fabietti, LM Tang, Y Miller, W Dennis, KW McCallum, RW AF Kramer, MJ Lewis, LH Fabietti, LM Tang, Y Miller, W Dennis, KW McCallum, RW TI Solidification, microstructural refinement and magnetism in Nd2Fe14B SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE solidification; peritectic; recalesence; coercivity ID ND-FE-B; PERMANENT-MAGNETS; UNDERCOOLED MELTS; RIBBONS AB Nanocrystalline Nd2Fe14B (2-14-1) exhibits very favorable properties conferred by rapid solidification processes. including: simplified processing. good corrosion resistance and high magnetic hardness provided by a resultant grain size that is on the order of the single-domain size. While the ideal microstructural state of melt-spun 2-14-1 is a homogeneous dispersion of nanocrystallites embedded within a vitrified matrix. in practice it is very difficult to control the microstructural development to a uniform nanocrystalline state. This as yet unmet challenge underlies the desire to understand. and ultimately to control. the solidification path taken b Nd-Fe- B-based melts during rapid solidification processing in order to obtain a homogeneous microstructure. Processing factors that influence the homogencity and hence magnetic performance of the rapidly quenched microstructure of Nd2Fe14B are evaluated and categorized. These results emphasize both the complexities of rapid solidification processing as well as the potential for control of a highly chaotic processing technique. A qualitative solidification model that incorporates recalesence is presented. This model details the evolution of microstructures related to the thermal gradient as well as the phase selection process undertaken during solidification of rapidly solidified Nd-Fe-B alloys. The model is novel in that it explains the observed microstructures. from nanophased equiaxed grains transitioning to large elongated grains, and provides both diagnostic and predictive information concerning rapid solidification processing methods. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Univ Cordoba, Fac Matemat Astron & Fis, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, 37 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 241 IS 1 BP 144 EP 155 AR PII S0304-8853(01)00955-6 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00955-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 557LA UT WOS:000175909000021 ER PT J AU Luecke, WE Armstrong, TR AF Luecke, WE Armstrong, TR TI Creep of lanthanum gallate SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE ELECTROLYTE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; DIFFUSIONAL CREEP; POLYCRYSTALLINE CATIO3; SIALON CERAMICS; SILICON-NITRIDE; FLEXURAL CREEP; ION CONDUCTOR; DOPED LAGAO3; DEFORMATION AB Strontium- and magnesium-doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM) was deliberately prepared to give A-site deficient nonstoichiometry with compositions (La0.9Sr0.1)(z)(Ga0.8Mg0.2)O3-delta (z = 1.0, 0.98, and 0.95). Creep tests in four-point bending for 950 degreesC < T < 1350 degreesC and 15 MPa < sigma < 75 MPa in air demonstrated that all three compositions shared a common stress dependence, n = 1.49 +/- 0.10, and a common apparent activation energy, Q = 426 9 kJ/mol. Despite this agreement, the creep rates of the different compositions depended on grain size in different ways: P = 3.1 +/- 0.2 for z = 0.98, and p = 1.9 +/- 0.1 for z = 0.95. The measured apparent activation energy, Q, for creep is similar, though statistically significantly smaller, than that measured in another LSGM. Both are nearly twice as large as reported activation energies for cation impurity diffusion. The absolute magnitude of the creep rates, after correction for grain size, were 30 to 100 times slower than in another LSGM of similar composition. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Luecke, WE (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Luecke, William/0000-0003-0587-4500 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 532 EP 541 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0075 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 529LB UT WOS:000174300000005 ER PT J AU Hukari, K Dannenberg, R Stach, EA AF Hukari, K Dannenberg, R Stach, EA TI Nitrogen effects on crystallization kinetics of amorphous TiOxNy thin films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; TIO2 AB The crystallization behavior of amorphous TiOxNy (x much greater than y) thin films was investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kozolog (JMAK) theory was used to determine the Avrami exponent, activation energy, and the phase velocity pre-exponent. Addition of nitrogen inhibited diffusion, increasing the nucleation temperature, while decreasing the growth activation energy, Kinetic variables extracted from individual crystallites were compared to JMAK analysis of the fraction transformed, and a change of 6% in the activation energy led to agreement between the methods. From diffraction patterns and index of refraction the crystallized phase was found to be predominantly anatase. C1 AFG Dev Ctr, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hukari, K (reprint author), AFG Dev Ctr, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 550 EP 555 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0077 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 529LB UT WOS:000174300000007 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, S Teren, AR Hwang, JH Mason, TO Wessels, BW AF Chattopadhyay, S Teren, AR Hwang, JH Mason, TO Wessels, BW TI Diffuse phase transition in epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BARIUM-TITANATE; THICKNESS; DEPENDENCE; SIZE; PBTIO3; GROWTH AB The thickness dependence of the dielectric properties of epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films was investigated for thicknesses ranging from 15 to 320 nm. The films were deposited by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on (100) MgO substrates. The relative dielectric permittivity and the loss tangent values decreased with decreasing thickness. High-temperature dielectric measurements showed that with decreasing film thickness, the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric transition temperature decreased, the relative dielectric permittivity decreased, and the phase transition was diffuse. The c/a ratio also decreased with decreasing film thickness. The observed behavior for epitaxial films of BaTiO3 was attributed to the presence of strain in the films. C1 Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, MRCAT, Sector 10,Bldg 433,Room B003, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009; Wessels, Bruce/B-7541-2009 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 669 EP 674 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0095 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 529LB UT WOS:000174300000025 ER PT J AU Jan, DB Jia, QX Hawley, ME Browne, GW Wetteland, CJ Sun, HP Pan, XQ AF Jan, DB Jia, QX Hawley, ME Browne, GW Wetteland, CJ Sun, HP Pan, XQ TI In vacuo pulsed laser ablation of YBa2Cu3O7-x target for the formation of Y2O3 nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; PRECIPITATE FORMATION AB The formation of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x, (Y123) by in situ pulsed laser deposition from a stoichiometric Y123 target typically requires an oxygen-ambient environment (P similar to 100-300-mtorr O-2) and appropriate substrate temperature during deposition. We have found that pulsed laser deposition from a Y123 target in vacuo onto a (001) LaAlO3 substrate favors the formation Of Y2O3 We observed that the Y2O3(001) films yield three-dimensional nanoscale morphologies that are markedly different from the planar growth surface of conventional superconducting c-axis Y123 films and Y2O3 films formed from the pulsed laser ablation of a Y2O3 target. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8 Strust & Property Relationships, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jan, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 697 EP 700 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0099 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 529LB UT WOS:000174300000029 ER PT J AU Jensen, RA Xie, G Calhoun, DH Bonner, CA AF Jensen, RA Xie, G Calhoun, DH Bonner, CA TI The correct phylogenetic relationship of KdsA (3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate synthase) with one of two independently evolved classes of AroA (3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; SUBSTRATE AMBIGUITY C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Jensen, RA (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. FU PHS HHS [Y1-A1-8228-05] NR 19 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 416 EP 423 DI 10.1007/s00239-001-0031-z PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 523AD UT WOS:000173928400014 PM 11847568 ER PT J AU Smilowitz, HM Coderre, JA Nawrocky, MM Tu, W Pinkerton, A Jahng, GH Gebbers, N Slatkin, DN AF Smilowitz, HM Coderre, JA Nawrocky, MM Tu, W Pinkerton, A Jahng, GH Gebbers, N Slatkin, DN TI The combination of X-ray-mediated radiosurgery and gene-mediated immunoprophylaxis for advanced intracerebral gliosarcomas in rats SO JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combination therapy; gene-mediated immunoprophylaxis; gliosarcomas; radiosurgery ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; DENDRITIC CELLS; GM-CSF; CANCER-IMMUNOTHERAPY; BRAIN TUMOR; IMMUNITY; GLIOMAS; VACCINATION; POTENT AB Rats with advanced, imminently lethal, similar to4 mm diameter, left-sided intracerebral 9L gliosarcoma (9LGS), a well characterized malignant tumor with some similarities to human high-grade astrocytomas, were used as a therapy model 14 days post-implantation of 104 Cells. Such tumor-bearing rats die within two weeks (median, 6 days) thereafter if untreated. However, if these tumors are exposed on day 14 to 12-25 Gy of an electron-equilibrated 6 MV photon beam (radiosurgery), survival is extended about 5-6 fold to a median of 34 days, but long-term survival (> 1 year) is increased only to similar to 18%. Multiple subcutaneous inoculations of radiation-disabled 9LGS cells post-radiosurgery (immunoprophylaxis) extended lifespan and long-term (> 1 year) survival minimally (median, 37 days; 25%, respectively). In sharp contrast, radiosurgery followed by multiple subcutaneous inoculations of radiation-disabled 9LGS cells that had been transfected with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), a cytokine with demonstrated immune-enhancing properties (i.e. gene-mediated immunoprophylaxis, GMIMPR) increased long-term survival to similar to 67%. To our knowledge, these results are the first to show that the combination of photon radiosurgery and GMIMPR is effective for an advanced, imminently lethal brain tumor in a mammal. These data raise the possibility that GMIMPR following radiation therapy might prove effective for the treatment of some human malignant gliomas. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Pharmacol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Diagnost Imaging & Therapeut, Farmington, CT USA. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, MR Unit, VA Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Smilowitz, HM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Pharmacol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-594X J9 J NEURO-ONCOL JI J. Neuro-Oncol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1023/A:1015709406449 PG 10 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 571TB UT WOS:000176734100002 PM 12125969 ER PT J AU Sitek, A Di Bella, EVR Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH AF Sitek, A Di Bella, EVR Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH TI Removal of liver activity contamination in teboroxime dynamic cardiac SPECT imaging with the use of factor analysis SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE teboroxime; dynamic single photon emission computed tomography; liver activity; least-squares factor analysis of dynamic structures ID EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SLOW ROTATION; RECONSTRUCTION; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; PARAMETERS; SEQUENCES AB Background. One of the major problems associated with technetium 99m teboroxime cardiac imaging is the high concentration of activity in the liver. In some cases it is impossible to diagnose defects on the inferior wall because of the finite resolution and scatter that cause images of the inferior wall and the liver to overlap. Methods and Results. The least-squares factor analysis of dynamic structures method, with correction for non-unique solutions, was used to remove the liver activity from the image. The method was applied to dynamically acquired Tc-99m teboroxime data. The liver activity removal method was tested through use of computer simulations and tomographically acquired canine and patient cardiac studies. In all studies the least-squares factor analysis of dynamic structures method was able to extract the liver activity from the series of dynamic images, thereby making it possible to remove it quantitatively from the entire series. The method was used successfully to remove the liver activity that partially overlapped the inferior wall in normal hearts. The method tends to increase the contrast between defects and normal myocardial tissue in abnormal hearts. Conclusions. The method presented can be used to assist in diagnosis of cardiac disease when dynamically acquired teboroxime data are used. Because the contrast between the defect and normal myocardial tissue can be changed, the processed image cannot be used by itself to make an accurate diagnosis. However, with the liver activity removed, the image provides additional information that is very useful in the imaging of patients whose liver activity overlaps the inferior heart wall. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Sitek, A (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. OI DiBella, Edward/0000-0001-9196-3731; Sitek, Arkadiusz/0000-0002-0677-4002 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL 50663] NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1071-3581 J9 J NUCL CARDIOL JI J. Nucl. Cardiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1067/mnc.2002.120362 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 552EU UT WOS:000175607000008 PM 11986565 ER PT J AU Skinner, CH Gentile, CA Carpe, A Guttadora, G Langish, S Young, KM Shu, WM Nakamura, H AF Skinner, CH Gentile, CA Carpe, A Guttadora, G Langish, S Young, KM Shu, WM Nakamura, H TI Tritium removal from codeposits on carbon tiles by a scanning laser SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; RETENTION; DEUTERIUM; TOKAMAK; FILMS; DESORPTION; DEPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; EROSION; LAYER AB A novel method for tritium release has been demonstrated on codeposited layers on graphite and carbon-fiber-composite tiles from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor. A scanning continuous wave Nd laser beam heated the codeposits to a temperature of 1200-2300 degreesC for 10-200 ms in an argon atmosphere. The temperature rise of the codeposit was significantly higher than that of the manufactured tile material (e.g. 1770 degreesC cf. 1080 degreesC). A major fraction of tritium was thermally desorbed with minimal change to the surface at a laser intensity of 80 W/mm(2), peak temperatures above 1230 degreesC and heating duration 10-20 ms. In two experiments, 46% and 84% of the total tritium was released during the laser scan. The application of this method for tritium removal from a tokamak reactor appears promising and has significant advantages over oxidative techniques. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. JAERI, Tritium Engn Lab, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 301 IS 2-3 BP 98 EP 107 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00713-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00713-4 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 534NW UT WOS:000174593300003 ER PT J AU Heuer, JK Okamoto, PR Lam, NQ Stubbins, JF AF Heuer, JK Okamoto, PR Lam, NQ Stubbins, JF TI Disorder-induced melting in to intergranular sulfur nickel: implication embrittlement SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE MODE TRANSITION; SEGREGATION; DIFFUSION; METALS; ALLOYS AB Why and how sulfur segregation leads to intergranular embrittlement of nickel has been investigated by a combination of Auger electron spectroscopy, slow-strain-rate tensile tests, ion-implantation, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry studies. Grain-boundary sulfur concentrations in dilute Ni-S alloys were systematically varied by time-controlled annealing of specimens at 625 degreesC. The critical sulfur concentration for 50% intergranular fracture of 15.5 +/- 3.4 at.% S was found to be, within experimental error, equal to the critical implant concentration of 14.2 +/- 3.3 at.% S required to induce 50% amorphization of single-crystal nickel during S+ implantation at liquid nitrogen temperature. This suggests that segregation-induced intergranular embrittlement, like implantation-induced amorphization, may be a disorder-induced melting process, albeit one occurring locally at grain boundaries. In addition, a kinetic model for segregation-induced embrittlement based on Poisson statistics is introduced, and the synergistic effects of hydrogen-sulfur co-segregation on embrittlement are discussed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Heuer, JK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 301 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 141 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00707-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00707-9 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 534NW UT WOS:000174593300007 ER PT J AU Wang, JA Rao, NS AF Wang, JA Rao, NS TI A new technique for the prediction of non-linear material behavior SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A new methodology is developed for the prediction of material behavior, such as aging processes.. by utilizing a combination of domain models and non-linear estimators including neural networks and nearest neighbor regressions. This methodology is applied to the problem of predicting embrittilement levels in light-water reactors by combining the existing models with the conventional non-linear estimators. The Power Reactor Embrittlement Database is used in this study. The results indicate that the combined embrittlement predictor achieved about 56.5% and 32.8% reductions in the uncertainties for General Electric Boiling Water Reactor plate and weld data compared to Regulatory Guide 1.99, Revision 2, respectively. The implications of irradiation temperature effect to the development of radiation embrittlement model are then discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 6011, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941; Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 301 IS 2-3 BP 193 EP 202 AR PII S0022-3115(01)00750-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00750-4 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 534NW UT WOS:000174593300014 ER PT J AU Abdullin, S Antunovic, Z Charles, F Denegri, D Dydak, U Dzelalija, M Genchev, V Graham, D Iashvili, I Kharchilava, A Kinnunen, R Kunori, S Mazumdar, K Racca, C Rurua, L Stepanov, N Womersley, J AF Abdullin, S Antunovic, Z Charles, F Denegri, D Dydak, U Dzelalija, M Genchev, V Graham, D Iashvili, I Kharchilava, A Kinnunen, R Kunori, S Mazumdar, K Racca, C Rurua, L Stepanov, N Womersley, J TI Discovery potential for supersymmetry in CMS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CERN LHC; PHYSICS; SUPERGRAVITY; NEUTRALINO; COLLIDER AB This work summarizes and puts in an overall perspective studies done within the compact muon solenoid (CMS) concerning the discovery potential for squarks and gluinos, sleptons, charginos and neutralinos, supersymmetric (SUSY) dark matter, lightest Higgs, sparticle mass determination methods and the detector design optimization in view of SUSY searches. It represents the status of our understanding of these subjects as of summer 1997.. As a benchmark we used the minimal supergravity-inspired supersymmetric standard model (mSUGRA) with a stable lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). Discovery of supersymmetry at the large hadron collider should be relatively straightforward. It may occur through the observation of large excesses of events in missing E-T plus jets, or with one or more isolated leptons. An excess of trilepton events or isolated dileptons with missing E-T, exhibiting a characteristic signature in the l(+)l(-) invariant mass distribution, could also be the first manifestation of SUSY production. Squarks and gluinos can be discovered for masses in excess of 2 TeV. Charginos and neutralinos can be discovered from an excess of events in dilepton or trilepton final states. Inclusive searches can give early indications from their copious production in squark and gluino cascade decays. Indirect evidence for sleptons can also be obtained from inclusive dilepton studies. Isolation requirements and a jet veto would allow detection of both the direct chargino/neutralino production and the directly produced sleptons. Squark and gluino production may also represent a copious source of Higgs bosons through cascade decays. The lightest SUSY Higgs h --> b (b) over bar may be reconstructed with a signal/background ratio of order I thanks to hard cuts on E-T(miss) justified by T escaping LSPs. The LSP of SUSY models with conserved R-parity represents a very good candidate for cosmological dark matter. The region of parameter space where this is true is well covered by our searches, at least for tanbeta = 2. If supersymmetry exists at the electroweak scale, it could hardly escape detection in CMS and the study of supersymmetry will form a central part of our physics program. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ Split, Split, Croatia. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. CENS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BZ, England. Georgian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, GE-380077 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, EHEP, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Abdullin, S (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. NR 87 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 469 EP 594 AR PII S0954-3899(02)26750-X DI 10.1088/0954-3899/28/3/401 PG 126 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 534QA UT WOS:000174596500009 ER PT J AU Owen, LA Gualtieri, L Finkel, RC Caffee, MW Benn, DI Sharma, MC AF Owen, LA Gualtieri, L Finkel, RC Caffee, MW Benn, DI Sharma, MC TI Reply: Cosmogenic radionuclide dating of glacial landforms in the Lahul Himalaya, northern India: defining the timing of Late Quaternary glaciation SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID ASYNCHRONOUS GLACIATION; NANGA-PARBAT; PAKISTAN; MOUNTAINS C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ St Andrew, Sch Geog & Geosci, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Ctr Study Reg Dev, New Delhi 110067, India. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0267-8179 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 279 EP 281 DI 10.1002/jqs.680 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 569KZ UT WOS:000176602700008 ER PT J AU Mentes, TO Sanchez-Hanke, C Kao, CC AF Mentes, TO Sanchez-Hanke, C Kao, CC TI Reconstruction of magnetization density in two-dimensional samples from soft X-ray speckle patterns using the multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction method SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE reconstruction; magnetization density; speckle; phase problem ID SCATTERING AB A non-destructive technique for imaging magnetic domains in thin films and two-dimensional magnetic structures using coherent soft X-ray scattering and the multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction method (MAD) is proposed. The method exploits the strong energy dependence in the magnetic scattering amplitude for 3d transition metals near the L-2,L-3 absorption edges and 4f elements near the M-4,M-5 absorption edges. The phase information required in the reconstruction algorithm is derived from the interference between the charge and magnetic scattering amplitudes. Magnetic speckle patterns from the magnetic domain distribution in an artificially defined Fe thin film are used to demonstrate this reconstruction algorithm. Circularly and linearly polarized incident light are examined separately to investigate the effect of polarization on the capability of the method. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mentes, TO (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Mentes, Tevfik Onur/0000-0003-0413-9272 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1107/S0909049502001310 PN 2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 528DC UT WOS:000174228300008 PM 11872929 ER PT J AU Luo, H Lipton, MS Smith, RD AF Luo, H Lipton, MS Smith, RD TI Charge effects for differentiation of oligodeoxynucleotide isomers containing 8-oxo-dG residues SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ANIONS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; FRAGMENTATION; DECOMPOSITIONS; DNA AB Dissociation reactions of a series of multiply charged oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 12-mer anions were studied using an ion trap mass spectrometer. These mixed nucleobase 12-mers fragment first by loss of a neutral nucleobase (A, G, C, and/or 5-methyl-cytosine) followed by cleavage at 3' C-O bond of the sugar from which the base is lost to produce the complementary sequence ions, i.e., [a - B] and w type of ions. No detectable loss of 8-oxo-guanine and/or thymine from these 12-mers is observed under gentle collision conditions in the ion trap. The primary loss of a nucleobase and the subsequent backbone cleavage to generate sequence ions strongly depend on the charge state of the parent molecular ion. For low charge states (2- and 3-), product ions due to the loss of a neutral guanine base and related sequence ions are dominant in the tandem mass spectra. However, preferential loss of a neutral adenine becomes the primary reaction channel from the 5- charge state of the molecular ion. Such charge state dependent fragmentation behavior was utilized to determine the site of 8-oxo-dG residue in a series of structural isomers. The position of 8-oxo-dG residue can be simply determined from the fragmentation pattern of 3- charge state, but not of 5- charge state. It is suggested that in addition to specific modification that affects the N-glycosidic bond strength, total charge content of an ODN is an important factor for determining the differential fragmentation behavior. (C) 2002 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, MSIN K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 195 EP 199 AR PII S1044-0305(01)00353-1 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(01)00353-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 528TV UT WOS:000174260100001 PM 11908798 ER PT J AU Johnson, VE Deaner, RO van Schaik, CP AF Johnson, VE Deaner, RO van Schaik, CP TI Bayesian analysis of rank data with application to primate intelligence experiments SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE hierarchical Bayes; Markov chain Monte Carlo; meta-analysis; paired-comparisons; Thurstonian model ID PAIRED-COMPARISON EXPERIMENTS; PONGO-PYGMAEUS; PERFORMANCE; MODEL AB A model for analyzing rank data obtained from multiple evaluators, possibly using different ranking criteria, is proposed. The model is specified hierarchically within the Bayesian paradigm and includes parameters that represent the probabilities that two items are assigned equal rankings. Also included are parameters that account for the relative precision of rankings obtained from distinct evaluation schemes. The model is illustrated through a meta-analysis of rank data collected to compare the cognitive abilities of various primate genera. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurobiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol Anthropol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Johnson, VE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 65 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 97 IS 457 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1198/016214502753479185 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 524DU UT WOS:000173997500002 ER PT J AU Chung, BW Pham, AQ Haslam, JJ Glass, RS AF Chung, BW Pham, AQ Haslam, JJ Glass, RS TI Influence of electrode configuration on the performance of electrode-supported solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB The effect of the cathode-to-anode area ratio on the normalized power density for solid oxide fuel cells was investigated. A geometrically symmetric cell having a screen printed cathode produced a power density of 0.45 W/cm(2) at 800degreesC. However, using a cathode with a geometric area significantly less than that of the anode can enhance the normalized power density by a factor of two. Furthermore, using a current collector with a geometric area less than that of the cathode contributes an additional enhancement that leads to an apparent power density of 1.2 W/cm(2). This difference in cell performance is interpreted as an artifact of normalization. When the performance of the cathode is improved using optimized processing technology and careful control of electrode microstructure, the effect of the area ratio on the normalized power density enhancement is less pronounced. Only testing in a symmetric cell configuration can result in power densities that are also achievable in stacks. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chung, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chung7@llnl.gov RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 149 IS 3 BP A325 EP A330 DI 10.1149/1.1448817 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 527WN UT WOS:000174211100016 ER PT J AU Sun X Lee, HS Yang, XQ McBreen, J AF Sun, X Lee, HS Yang, XQ McBreen, J TI A new additive for lithium battery electrolytes based on an alkyl borate compound SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION-PAIR DISSOCIATION; ANION RECEPTORS; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; SALTS; CONDUCTIVITY; DIMETHOXYETHANE; MIXTURES; FAMILY; CELLS AB Tris(2H-hexafluoroisopropyl) borate (THFPB) was synthesized and studied as an additive for lithium battery electrolytes. The low polarity of its fluorinated isopropyl substitute imparts a low solubility of THFPB in the polar ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate (EC-DMC) solvent system. THFPB shows dramatic effect on conductivity enhancement on lithium salts, such as CF(3)CO(2)Li and LiBr. The ambient-temperature ionic conductivity of these composite electrolytes reaches as high as similar to5 x 10(-3) S/cm. Although THFPB is a stronger anion complexing agent than its homologue tris(pentafluorophenyl) borate (TFPBO), which has fluorinated phenyl substitutes, its effect on conductivity enhancement of LiF and LiCl is limited by its low solubility and is less than that of TFPBO. Composite electrolytes containing THFPB and LiF or CF(3)CO(2)Li salts display excellent electrochemical stability in the EC-DMC solvent, their electrochemical windows being 5.5 and 5.23 V for LiF or CF(3)CO(2)Li, respectively. THFPB-based electrolytes show high cycling efficiency and cycleability in Li/LiMn(2)O(4) and Li/LiNi(0.85)Co(0.15)O(2) cells. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sun X (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 149 IS 3 BP A355 EP A359 DI 10.1149/1.1447942 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 527WN UT WOS:000174211100020 ER PT J AU Uribe, FA Gottesfeld, S Zawodzinski, TA AF Uribe, FA Gottesfeld, S Zawodzinski, TA TI Effect of ammonia as potential fuel impurity on proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Effects of NH(3) on proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance are reported. Traces of NH(3) in the anode feedstream cause a decrease in cell current. The extent of the effect depends on NH(3) concentration and time of exposure of the anode to NH(3). High trace levels and long time of exposure result in severe and irreversible disability. We discuss possible mechanisms by which NH(3) affects cell performance. A method for trapping ammonia from contaminated fuel streams using a H(+) form ion exchange resin is presented. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Uribe, FA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM uribe@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 149 IS 3 BP A293 EP A296 DI 10.1149/1.1447221 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 527WN UT WOS:000174211100011 ER PT J AU Liu, P Lee, SH Cheong, HM Tracy, CE Pitts, JR Smith, RD AF Liu, P Lee, SH Cheong, HM Tracy, CE Pitts, JR Smith, RD TI Stable Pd/V2O5 optical H-2 sensor SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN AB Thin films of Pd exhibit a change in their optical properties when exposed to hydrogen. A new sensor structure consisting of a combined Pd and V2O5 thin film stack has been developed for optical detection of hydrogen. Unlike a singular palladium thin film sensor, the new structure is durable and allows detection of hydrogen concentration in excess of 4%. The sensor exhibits a very fast response time and can be cycled for over 500 cycles without degradation of performance. It has been found that the stoichiometry of oxygen in the vanadium oxide layer is very critical for its reaction with hydrogen and greatly affects the overall sensor stability. A study of the operating mechanism reveals that the formation of palladium hydride is singularly responsible for the optical modulation while the vanadium oxide layer offers no contribution (after the initial irreversible color change from yellow to blue). Subsequent reversible hydrogen insertion into vanadium oxide does take place as evidenced by the Raman data even though no optical change in the visible spectrum is observed. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. DCH Technol Inc, Valencia, CA 91355 USA. Sogang Univ, Seoul 121742, South Korea. RP Liu, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ping_liu@nrl.gov RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012; Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044; NR 8 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 149 IS 3 BP H76 EP H80 DI 10.1149/1.1450619 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 527WN UT WOS:000174211100056 ER PT J AU Uesu, Y Matsuda, M Yamada, Y Fujishiro, K Cox, DE Noheda, B Shirane, G AF Uesu, Y Matsuda, M Yamada, Y Fujishiro, K Cox, DE Noheda, B Shirane, G TI Symmetry of high-piezoelectric Pb-based complex perovskites at the morphotropic phase boundary: I. Neutron diffraction study on Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-9%PbTiO3 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE piezoelectricity; ferroelectricity; morphotropic phase boundary; neutron diffraction; Pb (Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3/9%PbTiO3 ID FERROELECTRIC SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB The symmetry was examined using neutron diffraction method on Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-9%PbTiO3 (PZN/9PT) which has a composition at the morphotropic phase boundary between Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3 and PbTiO3. The results were compared with those of other specimens with same composition but with different prehistory. The equilibrium state of all examined specimens is not the mixture of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases of the end members but exists in a new polarization rotation line Mc# (orthorhombic-monoclinic line). Among examined specimens, one exhibited tetragonal symmetry at room temperature but recovered monoclinic phase after a cooling and heating cycle. C1 Waseda Univ, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Asc Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. RP Uesu, Y (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. RI Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016 OI Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526 NR 16 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 17 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 71 IS 3 BP 960 EP 965 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.71.960 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 534KZ UT WOS:000174586700049 ER PT J AU Yamada, Y Uesu, Y Matsuda, M Fujishiro, K Cox, DE Noheda, B Shiranes, G AF Yamada, Y Uesu, Y Matsuda, M Fujishiro, K Cox, DE Noheda, B Shiranes, G TI Symmetry of high-piezoelectric Pb based complex perovskites at the morphotropic phase boundary: II. Theoretical treatment SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE piezoelectricity; morthotropic phase boundary; neutron diffraction; Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3/9% PbTiO3 ID SOLID-SOLUTION SYSTEMS; OXIDE FERROELECTRICS; HEXAGONAL BATIO3; TRANSITIONS AB The structural characteristics of the perovskite-based ferroelectric Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)(1-x)TixO3 at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region (x similar or equal to 0.09) have been analyzed. The analysis is based on the symmetry adapted free energy functions under the assumption that the total polarization and the unit cell volume are conserved during the transformations between various morphotropic phases. Overall features of the relationships between the observed lattice constants at various conditions have been consistently explained. The origin of the anomalous physical properties at MPB is discussed. C1 Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. Waseda Univ, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Yamada, Y (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. EM yasusada@mn.waseda.ac.jp RI Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016 OI Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 71 IS 3 BP 966 EP 970 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.71.966 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 534KZ UT WOS:000174586700050 ER PT J AU Williamson, RL Fincke, JR Chang, CH AF Williamson, RL Fincke, JR Chang, CH TI Numerical study of the relative importance of turbulence, particle size and density, and injection parameters on particle behavior during thermal plasma spraying SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE feeding; feedstock; injection parameters; turbulence ID COATINGS; GENERATION; MODEL; JETS; GAS AB Numerical modeling is used to systematically examine the effects of turbulence, injection, and particle characteristics on particle behavior during thermal plasma spraying. Using the computer program LAVA (Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID), a steady-state plasma jet typical of a commercial torch at normal operating conditions is first developed. Then, assuming a single particle composition (ZrO2) and injection location, real world complexity (e.g., turbulent dispersion, particle size and density, injection velocity, and direction) is introduced "one phenomenon at a time" to distinguish and characterize its effect and enable comparisons of separate effects. A final calculation then considers all phenomena simultaneously, to enable further comparisons. Investigating each phenomenon separately provides valuable insight into particle behavior. For the typical plasma jet and injection conditions considered, particle dispersion in the injection direction is most significantly affected by (in order of decreasing importance): particle size distribution, injection velocity distribution, turbulence, and injection direction distribution or particle density distribution. Only the distribution of injection directions and turbulence affect dispersion normal to the injection direction and are of similar magnitude in this study. With regards to particle velocity and temperature, particle size is clearly the dominant effect. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williamson, RL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Williamson, Richard/0000-0001-7734-3632 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1361/105996302770349041 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 543XU UT WOS:000175128800013 ER PT J AU Telari, KA Rogers, BR Fang, H Shen, L Weller, RA Braski, DN AF Telari, KA Rogers, BR Fang, H Shen, L Weller, RA Braski, DN TI Characterization of platinum films deposited by focused ion beam-assisted chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article AB This work presents results from the characterization of ion-assisted chemical vapor deposition of platinum from trimethyl-methylcyclopentadienyl-platinum (C9H16Pt). Films were deposited in squares ranging from 50 to 200 mum on a side using a focused ion beam system. The effects of Ga+ ion flux and precursor flux on the deposited films' composition and resistivity were determined. Films were characterized using atomic force microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and Auger electron spectroscopy. Results show that increasing precursor nux at constant ion flux increases Pt and C, but decreases Ga content of the film. Increasing ion flux at constant precursor flux increases Pt content, while decreasing C content of the films. Resistivity did not depend oil the thickness of 50-200 nm tick films. Resistivity was shown to follow C content, with films with lower C content having lower resistivity. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Merck & Co Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Telari, KA (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. NR 16 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 590 EP 595 DI 10.1116/1.1458958 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 544PH UT WOS:000175168800015 ER PT J AU Klebanoff, LE Clift, WM Malinowski, ME Steinhaus, C Grunow, P Bajt, S AF Klebanoff, LE Clift, WM Malinowski, ME Steinhaus, C Grunow, P Bajt, S TI Radiation-induced protective carbon coating for extreme ultraviolet optics SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MO/SI AB A technique is described that uses radiation and a gas-phase species to produce a protective carbon coating on extreme ultravioles, (EUV) optics. A specific example is given in which a similar to5 Angstrom carbon coating is deposited on EUV Mo/Si optics via coexposure to radiation (EUV photons, electrons) and ethanol vapor. Auger electron spectroscopy, sputter Auger depth profiling, and EUV reflectivity measurements are presented that suggest a carbon coating that is substantially void free and protects the optic from water-induced oxidation at the water partial pressures used in the tests (similar to2 X 10(-7) Torr). The coating is also resistant to atmospheric degradation, and to gasification by the combination of electrons and molecular oxygen. The protective coating reduces the relative reflectivity (DeltaR/R-0) of an optic by similar to0.5%. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Klebanoff, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 11 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 696 EP 703 DI 10.1116/1.1463726 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 544PH UT WOS:000175168800033 ER PT J AU Borghesi, M Campbell, DH Schiavi, A Willi, O Galimberti, M Gizzi, LA Mackinnon, AJ Snavely, RD Patel, P Hatchett, S Key, M Nazarov, W AF Borghesi, M Campbell, DH Schiavi, A Willi, O Galimberti, M Gizzi, LA Mackinnon, AJ Snavely, RD Patel, P Hatchett, S Key, M Nazarov, W TI Propagation issues and energetic particle production in laser-plasma interactions at intensities exceeding 10(19)W/cm(2) SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th European Conference on Laser Interactions with Matter (ECLIM 2000) CY JUN 12-16, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys DE laser-plasma interaction; laser-produced ions; proton; radiography; relativistic propagation ID UNDERDENSE PREFORMED PLASMA; GAMMA-RAY MEASUREMENTS; OVERDENSE PLASMAS; CHANNEL FORMATION; EXPLODING FOIL; SOLID TARGETS; FAST IGNITION; PROTON-BEAMS; PULSE; ELECTRON AB A series of experiments recently carried out at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory investigated various aspects of the laser-plasma interaction in the relativistic intensity regime. The propagation of laser pulses through preformed plasmas was studied at intensities exceeding 10(19) W/cm(2). The transmission of laser energy through long-scale underdense plasmas showed to be inefficient unless a plasma channel is preformed ahead of the main laser pulse. The study of the interaction with overdense plasmas yielded indication of collimated energy transport through the plasma. The production of fast particles during the interaction with solid density targets was also investigated. The measurements revealed the presence of a small-sized directional source of multi-megaelectron volt protons, which was not observed when a plasma was preformed at the back of the solid target. The properties of the source are promising in view of its use in radiographic imaging of dense matter, and preliminary tests were carried out. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BZ, England. CNR, Ist Fis Atom & Mol, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RP Borghesi, M (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Gizzi, Leonida/F-4782-2011; Borghesi, Marco/K-2974-2012; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Galimberti, Marco/J-8376-2016; Schiavi, Angelo/D-2924-2017; OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Galimberti, Marco/0000-0003-0661-7282; Schiavi, Angelo/0000-0002-7081-2747; Gizzi, Leonida A./0000-0001-6572-6492 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD MAR PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1017/S0263034602201044 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 582CN UT WOS:000177332300005 ER PT J AU Burton, H AF Burton, H TI The Turk: The life and times of the famous eighteenth-century chess-playing machine. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Burton, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 4 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 526LA UT WOS:000174130900175 ER PT J AU Bench, G Clark, BM Mangelson, NF St Clair, LL Rees, LB Grant, PG Southon, JR AF Bench, G Clark, BM Mangelson, NF St Clair, LL Rees, LB Grant, PG Southon, JR TI Use of C-14/C ratios to provide insights into the magnitude of carbon turnover in the crustose saxicolous lichen Caloplaca trachyphylla SO LICHENOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GROWTH; CALIFORNIA; CO2 AB (14)/C ratios in samples from radial transects across individual thalli of Caloplaca trachyphylla collected at two sites were measured and the results used to investigate whether C-14/C data might provide some insight into the magnitude of carbon turnover in this lichen species, The C-14/C data suggest that significant internal recycling/translocation of carbon is unlikely in the sampled thalli, However, converting the C-14/C data for the larger intact thalli sampled at each site to calendar years, using the atmospheric C-14 record, does not yield constant or even monotonically varying growth rates. Since crustose lichen growth rates are constant or decrease with thallus size, and since the C-14/C data from these larger thalli show a relatively small spread in C-14/C data values compared to the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric C-14 record over the past 50 years, the C-14/C data suggest that carbon turnover may be occurring. Carbon turnover was modelled starting with the atmospheric C-14 record. Turnover was incorporated so that for each year in the record a constant percentage of the total carbon was lost annually and replaced by new photosynthetically fixed carbon with a C-14/C ratio equal to that of the contemporary atmosphere. The C-14/C data from the radial samples were then converted to a calendar year using the model record. Constant annual carbon turnover values of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 50% were modelled. Carbon turnover values between 3 and 6% created C-14 model records that when applied to C-14/C data from the thalli produced constant radial growth rates that were: (1) identical for all lichens at a given site, and (2) independent of lichen size at a given site. The C-14/C data further indicate that annual carbon turnover in this species of lichen is < 10%, independent of the nature of thallus radial growth. The data and modelling suggest that carbon turnover might provide a simple explanation for the C-14/C data from the thalli and might explain the discrepancies between the standard atmospheric C-14 record and the C-14/C ratios observed in G. trachyphylla. (C) 2002 The British Lichen Society Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Bot & Range Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Bench, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0024-2829 J9 LICHENOLOGIST JI Lichenologist PD MAR PY 2002 VL 34 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1006/lich.2002.0377 PN 2 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Mycology GA 569WP UT WOS:000176625800007 ER PT J AU Klein, GJ Huesman, RH AF Klein, GJ Huesman, RH TI Four-dimensional processing of deformable cardiac PET data SO MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE deformable motion; cardiac PET; motion compensation; motion tracking ID TAGGED MR-IMAGES; MYOCARDIAL DEFORMATIONS; VENTRICULAR-FUNCTION; DISPLACEMENT FIELD; EJECTION FRACTION; VELOCITY-FIELDS; MOTION ANALYSIS; OPTICAL-FLOW; SPECT; MODEL AB A four-dimensional deformable motion algorithm is described for use in the motion compensation of gated cardiac positron emission tomography. The algorithm makes use of temporal continuity and a non-uniform elastic material model to provide improved estimates of heart motion between time frames. Temporal continuity is utilized in two ways. First, incremental motion fields between adjacent time frames are calculated to improve estimation of long-range motion between distant time frames. Second, a consistency criterion is used to insure that the image match between distant time frames is consistent with the deformations used to match adjacent time frames. The consistency requirement augments the algorithm's ability to estimate motion between noisy time frames, and the concatenated incremental motion fields improve estimation for large deformations. The estimated motion fields are used to establish a voxel correspondence between volumes and to produce a motion-compensated composite volume. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept FUnct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept FUnct Imaging, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gjklein@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01-HL25840] NR 49 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1361-8415 J9 MED IMAGE ANAL JI Med. Image Anal. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 BP 29 EP 46 AR PII S1361-8415(01)00050-0 DI 10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00050-0 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 530EY UT WOS:000174344500002 PM 11836133 ER PT J AU Stone, MF Zhao, W Jacak, BV O'Connor, P Yu, B Rehak, P AF Stone, MF Zhao, W Jacak, BV O'Connor, P Yu, B Rehak, P TI The x-ray sensitivity of amorphous selenium for mammography SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE amorphous selenium; x-ray sensitivity; mammography ID DETECTIVE QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; DIRECT CONVERSION DETECTOR; FLAT-PANEL DETECTOR; DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY; A-SE; RADIOGRAPHY; SYSTEMS; READOUT; ENERGY AB A study of the x-ray sensitivity of amorphous selenium (a-Se) for digital mammography has been performed. A uniform layer of a-Se was deposited on a glass substrate with electrodes on both surfaces. The deposition procedure was identical to that used for a-Se flat-panel detectors. A high voltage was applied to the top surface of the a-Se layer in order to establish an electric field E(Se). Then the sample was exposed to x rays with 27 kVp spectra generated from an x-ray tube with a molybdenum (Mo) target. The mean x-ray energy of the spectrum used was similar to16.6 keV. The x-ray current generated by the a-Se layer was measured as a function of E(Se). From the current measurement and the estimation of total x-ray energy absorbed in the a-Se, the energy required to create one electron-hole pair (EHP), W, was determined as a function of E(Se). It was found that at the most commonly used E(Se) of 10 V/mum, W was measured as 64 eV. This is considerably higher than the widely accepted typical value of W = 50 eV measured at higher x-ray photon energies (e.g., 50 keV). The dependence of W as a function of E(Se) can be best fitted using the empirical expression of E(Se)(-y). This relationship is consistent with the results obtained at higher x-ray energies. This article provides an accurate measurement of x-ray sensitivity of a-Se at mammographic energies independent of detector operation, such as the most recently developed flat-panel detectors. The results will be a useful toot for investigation and optimization of a-Se-based x-ray imaging detectors, such as determination of pixel fill-factor and optimal E(Se) during operation. (C) 2002 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr 120, Dept Radiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhao, W (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr 120, Dept Radiol, L-4, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM wei.zhao@sunysb.edu NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1118/1.1449874 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 531GQ UT WOS:000174408000007 PM 11929014 ER PT J AU Dighe, MD Gokhale, AM Horstemeyer, MF AF Dighe, MD Gokhale, AM Horstemeyer, MF TI Effect of loading condition and stress state on damage evolution of silicon particles in an Al-Si-Mg-base cast alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; NUCLEATION; CRACKING; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; POROSITY; MODEL AB Damage evolution of Si particles in a Sr modified cast A356(T6) Al alloy is quantitatively characterized as a function of strain under tension, compression, and torsion. The fraction of damaged Si particles, their size distributions, and orientation distribution of particle cracks are measured by image analysis and stereological techniques. Silicon particle cracking and debonding are the predominant damage modes. Particle debonding is observed only under externally applied tensile loads, whereas particle cracking is observed under all loading conditions. The relative contributions of Si particle debonding and fracture to the total damage strongly depend on stress state and temperature. For all loading conditions and stress states studied, the average size of damaged Si particles is considerably larger than the bulk average size. The rate of damage accumulation is different for different loading conditions. At a given strain level, Si particle damage is lowest under compression and highest under torsion. The anisotropy of the damage is highly dependent on the deformation path and stress state. Under uniaxial tension, the cracks in the broken Si particles are mostly perpendicular to the loading direction, whereas in the compression test specimens they are parallel to the loading direction. The Si particle cracks in the torsion and notch-tension test specimens do not exhibit preferred orientations. The quantitative microstructural data are used to test damage evolution models. C1 Hi TecMet Grp, Cleveland, OH 44092 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Engn Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dighe, MD (reprint author), Hi TecMet Grp, Cleveland, OH 44092 USA. NR 32 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 555 EP 565 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0117-2 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564TA UT WOS:000176328600010 ER PT J AU McCabe, RJ Fine, ME AF McCabe, RJ Fine, ME TI Unexpected transient creep Behavior of tin alloys strengthened by high volume fractions of SbSn SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; STRESS AB An unexpected transient creep behavior characterized by a stress exponent of I was observed at low stresses in tin alloys strengthened by large volume fractions (> 15 pct) of the precipitate SbSn. By way of solid-state precipitation, SbSn forms as high-aspect ratio whiskers. At large volume fractions, whiskers are both directly and indirectly observed to be in direct contact with multiple other whiskers. The transient creep behavior is attributed to a phase-boundary-enhanced diffusional creep mechanism, possibly diffusional creep along continuous phase-boundary paths between tin grain boundaries. It is thought that the creep behavior is, in fact, a "steady-state" behavior characteristic of the initial microstructure. The ultimate transient nature is due to precipitate coarsening occurring with time during the creep test. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM USA. Northwestern Univ, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Evanston, IL USA. RP McCabe, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Fine, Morris/B-7516-2009 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 575 EP 580 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0119-0 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564TA UT WOS:000176328600012 ER PT J AU McKenna, VT Rubal, MP Steif, PS Pereira, JM Gray, GT AF McKenna, VT Rubal, MP Steif, PS Pereira, JM Gray, GT TI Cracking in gamma-TiAl due to high speed particle impact SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR AB Cracking due to small particle impacts on prospective gamma-TiAl blades in jet turbine engines has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Flat rectangular specimens of two gamma-TiAl alloys, with edges chamfered to resemble the taper of blades, were subjected to small particle impacts. The forms of damage observed resembled those revealed by earlier studies using specimens that were cast closely to the shape of blade leading edges. Numerical simulations of the impact events were carried out using finite element analysis, using uniaxial stress-strain behavior that was obtained in compression at high strain rates. A criterion for cracking is proposed that requires critical levels of plastic strain and tensile stress. Predictions of crack extent that were based on such a combined criterion were found to be in the range of observations. The predictive methodology, together with information on the fatigue strength of various damage states, potentially offers designers the opportunity to examine the risk associated with small particle damage on contemplated blades. C1 Hall Ind, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Struct & Acoust Div, Cleveland, OH USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McKenna, VT (reprint author), Hall Ind, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. RI Steif, Paul/D-2459-2013 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 581 EP 589 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0120-7 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564TA UT WOS:000176328600013 ER PT J AU Holden, TM Holt, RA Pang, JWL AF Holden, TM Holt, RA Pang, JWL TI Intergranular stresses in ZIRCALOY-2 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the TMS CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP TMS ID IRRADIATION GROWTH; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; ROD TEXTURE; ZIRCONIUM AB The development of the understanding of the intergranular stresses in ZIRCALOY-2 is reviewed. Neutron diffraction measurements of the intergranular strains were made on rod-textured material and highly textured plate. The elastoplastic self-consistent (EPSC) model provides a sound theoretical foundation for our understanding of the behavior. The strain response of ZIRCALOY-2 to applied tensile stress is well described for two very different textures with the same slip and hardening parameters. It is almost certain that tensile twinning is the explanation for the response to compressive stress and rolling that is, as yet, incompletely understood. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Div Fuel Chem, Chalk River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. RP Holden, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 SI SI BP 749 EP 755 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0141-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564TB UT WOS:000176328700005 ER PT J AU Rangaswamy, P Bourke, MAM Brown, DW Kaschner, GC Rogge, RB Stout, MG Tome, CN AF Rangaswamy, P Bourke, MAM Brown, DW Kaschner, GC Rogge, RB Stout, MG Tome, CN TI A study of twinning in zirconium using neutron diffraction and polycrystalline modeling SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the TMS CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP TMS ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; MECHANICAL RESPONSE; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE AB An experimental study using neutron diffraction quantified the evolution of twinning in pure clock-rolled zirconium that was subsequently deformed under uniaxial compression. The clock rolling introduced an initial texture of approximately 5 times random, and the compression specimens were cut with their loading axes nearly parallel to the predominant c-axes direction. Seven specimens deformed to strains between -2 and -17 pct and an undeformed specimen (0 pct strain) were examined. The deformation was performed at an applied strain rate of 0.001/s at 77 K. Twin volume fractions were estimated from diffraction data. Changes in texture and twin volume fractions were compared to predictions from a visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal model, which described both slip and twinning. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using neutron diffraction to track the evolution of twinning. These results help benchmark the polycrystalline model, validate the description of twinning, and potentially lead to a better understanding of its role in hardening. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Chalk River Labs, Neutron Program Mat Res, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Rangaswamy, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 SI SI BP 757 EP 763 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564TB UT WOS:000176328700006 ER PT J AU Yoo, MH Morris, JR Ho, KM Agnew, SR AF Yoo, MH Morris, JR Ho, KM Agnew, SR TI Nonbasal deformation modes of HCP metals and alloys: Role of dislocation source and mobility SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the TMS CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP TMS ID CLOSE-PACKED METALS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS PARALLEL; TITANIUM THIN-FILMS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CORE STRUCTURE; TWIN BOUNDARIES; PYRAMIDAL SLIP; MICROSTRAIN COMPRESSION AB A review is presented on the role of dislocation cores and planar faults in activating the nonbasal deformation modes, pyramidal slip and deformation twinning, in hcp metals and alloys and in D0(19) intermetallic compounds. Material-specific mechanical behavior arises from a competition between alternate defect structures that determine the deformation modes. We emphasize the importance of accurate atomistic modeling of these defects, going beyond simple interatomic energy models. Recent results from both experiments and theory are summarized by discussing specific examples of Ti and Mg single crystals; Ti-, Zr-, and Mg-base alloys; and Ti3Al ordered alloys. Remaining key issues and directions for future research are also discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM yoo@ornl.gov RI Barsoum, Michel/I-2842-2012; Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Barsoum, Michel/0000-0001-7800-3517; Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 107 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 8 U2 83 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 SI SI BP 813 EP 822 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-1013-5 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564TB UT WOS:000176328700014 ER PT J AU Agnew, SR Horton, JA Yoo, MH AF Agnew, SR Horton, JA Yoo, MH TI Transmission electron microscopy investigation of < c+a > dislocations in Mg and alpha-solid solution Mg-Li alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the TMS CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP TMS ID CLOSE-PACKED METALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; PRISMATIC GLIDE; CORE STRUCTURES; MAGNESIUM; SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR; SLIP; CRYSTALS; INSITU AB The ductility of Mg alloys is limited due to a shortage of independent slip systems. In particular, c-axis compression cannot be accommodated by any of the easy slip or twinning modes. Basal-textured samples of pure Mg and Mg-15 at. pct Li were examined for the presence of [c + a] dislocations by post-mortem transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after a small deformation, which forced the majority of grains to compress nearly parallel to their c-axes. A higher density and more uniform distribution of [c + a] dislocations is found in the Li-containing alloy. Because the 1/3[1123] {1122} pyramidal slip mode offers five independent slip systems, it provides a satisfying explanation for the enhanced ductility of a-solid solution Mg-Li alloys as compared to pure Mg. The issue of [c + a] dislocation dissociation and decomposition remains open from an experimental point of view. Theoretically, the most feasible configuration is a collinear dissociation into two 1/2[c + a] partial dislocations, with an intervening stacking fault on the glide plane. It is speculated that Li additions may lower the fault's energy and, thereby, increase the stability of this glissile configuration. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Agnew, SR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 40 TC 146 Z9 148 U1 6 U2 74 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 SI SI BP 851 EP 858 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-1017-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564TB UT WOS:000176328700018 ER PT J AU Griffiths, M Sage, D Holt, RA Tome, CN AF Griffiths, M Sage, D Holt, RA Tome, CN TI Determination of dislocation densities in HCP metals from X-ray diffraction line-broadening analysis SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the TMS CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP TMS ID ZIRCONIUM AB X-Ray diffraction (XRD) line-broadening analysis has been performed on highly textured Zr-2.5Nb specimens which had been deformed in tensile tests to produce well-controlled dislocation structures. An iterative deconvolution method has been applied to extract the broadening function for the material, using as standards, a Zr single crystal and a 0 pct deformed specimen. In both cases, for specific tensile tests, a significant contribution to the basal line broadening was observed, which was clearly not directly related to the dislocation structure generated by the deformation, i.e., so-called c-component dislocations having a component of their Burgers vectors perpendicular to the basal plane. Calculations showed that the extent of basal line broadening cannot be attributed to the secondary effect of strain from a-type dislocations, i.e., dislocations with Burgers vectors parallel with the basal plane. It is concluded that most of the line broadening observed was the result of intergranular strain distributions. These distributions are most prominent for grains oriented with their c-axes perpendicular to the tensile-deformation axis and resulted in basal-plane line broadening even when there were few, if any, c-component dislocations present. C1 Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Griffiths, M (reprint author), Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RI Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 SI SI BP 859 EP 865 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0155-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564TB UT WOS:000176328700019 ER PT J AU Field, RD Hartwig, KT Necker, CT Bingert, JF Agnew, SR AF Field, RD Hartwig, KT Necker, CT Bingert, JF Agnew, SR TI Equal-channel angular extrusion of beryllium SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the TMS CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP TMS ID TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; SIMPLE SHEAR; DEFORMATION AB The equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) technique has been applied to a powder metallurgy (P/M) source Be alloy. Extrusions have been successfully completed on Ni-canned billets of Be at approximately 425 degreesC. No cracking was observed in the billets, and significant grain refinement was achieved. In this article, microstructural features and dislocation structures are discussed for a single-pass extrusion, including evidence of [c] and [c + a] dislocations. Significant crystallographic texture developed during ECAE, which is discussed in terms of this unique deformation processing technique and the underlying physical processes which sustain the deformation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Microstruct Characterizat Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Field, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Microstruct Characterizat Team, MST-6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 SI SI BP 965 EP 972 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0166-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564TB UT WOS:000176328700030 ER PT J AU Lai, R AF Lai, R TI Cyclonic flotation column for minerals beneficiation SO MINING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the application of a cyclonic flotation column (CFC) for coal cleaning. A CFC makes use of centrifugal force to create a density gradient in a column to augment the froth flotation process. In a CFC, a series of angular helical inserts is attached to the wall of a conventional colamn, and coal slurry is mixed with a series of impellers attached to a central shaft. The hydrophobic froth concentrates near the center shaft and moves upward, while the relatively heavy hydrophilic particles concentrate near the wall and are guided downward by the helical inserts. The results of pyritic sulfur removal from an Upper Freeport coal during CFC flotation are discussed. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Lai, R (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0026-5187 J9 MIN ENG-LITTLETON JI Mining Eng. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA 530YW UT WOS:000174388100023 ER PT J AU Perham, TJ Chrzan, DC De Jonghe, LC AF Perham, TJ Chrzan, DC De Jonghe, LC TI Invasion percolation model of co-interpenetrating ceramic-metal composites SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; SIMULATION AB An invasion percolation model for simulating the reactive metal infiltration of porous ceramics to form a co-interpenetrating composite is presented. By combining the pore-level dynamics of percolation models with kinetic Monte Carlo phase transformation methods, two thermodynamic driving forces for infiltration are simulated: the applied pressure and the chemical reaction at the ceramic/metal interface. In doing so the model describes both the capillary fingering effects that dominate at high pressures and the evolution of reaction byproduct phases that may cause pore space closure at high temperature. At very high temperature and/or low pressure, a 'core-shell' morphology forms. Fingerwidth and pore cluster probabilities are computed to serve as a means for quantifying microstructures. It is demonstrated that the adjustable parameters favourable for the formation of the most highly interconnected composites are high phase transformation rate, low to intermediate invasion pressure, low initial transformation contact angle (low temperature), low kinetic growth rate constant, and low initial matrix porosity. The optimal combinations relating to expected mechanical strength of the composite are presented in the form of Weibull survival probability plots and process maps. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Perham, TJ (reprint author), SDL Inc, 3530 Bassett St, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 103 EP 119 AR PII S0965-0303(02)30856-8 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/10/2/301 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 531WZ UT WOS:000174441400001 ER PT J AU Muller, S Wang, LW Zunger, A AF Muller, S Wang, LW Zunger, A TI First-principles kinetic theory of precipitate evolution in Al-Zn alloys SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; DISCRETE ATOM METHOD; SHAPE EVOLUTION; SPIN SYSTEMS; STRAIN; TRANSITION; MORPHOLOGY; DYNAMICS AB The time evolution of the distribution of precipitate shapes and sizes in Al-Zn alloys is studied via a mixed-space cluster expansion and kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations. We find that the growth of precipitates in Al-rich AI-Zn alloys follows classical Ostwald ripening already after ageing times of a few seconds. Moreover, the distribution of the precipitates is temperature-dependent: the higher the ageing temperature, the smaller the distribution width of the precipitate size. We discuss the time evolution of the precipitates in terms of short-range order parameters and compare them with experimental data. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Festkorperphys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM s.mueller@fkp.physik.uni-erlangen.de RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 131 EP 145 AR PII S0965-0393(02)30962-8 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/10/2/303 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 531WZ UT WOS:000174441400003 ER PT J AU Radhakrishnan, B Zacharia, T AF Radhakrishnan, B Zacharia, T TI On the Monte Carlo simulation of curvature-driven growth SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The kinetics of shrinking of an island grain embedded in a matrix as a function of the grain boundary properties is simulated using a Monte Carlo (MC) technique where the probability of switching of a grain boundary site is scaled according to the product of the boundary energy and mobility. Careful investigation of the simulation results shows that the correct implementation is one where the MC simulation time, the time of visit to a grain boundary site during the simulation is scaled according to the product of the boundary energy and mobility. Simulations in which the site is visited all the time, but the flip probability is scaled according to the product of the boundary energy and mobility, do not yield the correct results expected for curvature -driven boundary migration. The mechanistic differences between the two approaches are described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radhakrishnan, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 227 EP 236 AR PII S0965-0393(02)33161-9 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/10/2/309 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 531WZ UT WOS:000174441400009 ER PT J AU Li, N Sickmier, EA Zhang, RG Joachimiak, A White, SW AF Li, N Sickmier, EA Zhang, RG Joachimiak, A White, SW TI The MotA transcription factor from bacteriophage T4 contains a novel DNA-binding domain: the 'double wing' motif SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLI RNA-POLYMERASE; ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVATION DOMAIN; MINOR-GROOVE; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN; PROMOTER AB MotA is a transcription factor from bacteriophage T4 that helps adapt the host Escherichia coli transcription apparatus to T4 middle promoters. We have determined the crystal structure of the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of MotA (MotCF) to 1.6 Angstrom resolution using multiwavelength, anomalous diffraction methods. The structure reveals a novel DNA-binding alp motif that contains an exposed P-sheet surface that mediates interactions with the DNA. Independent biochemical experiments have shown that MotCF binds to one surface of a single turn of DNA through interactions in adjacent major and minor grooves. We present a model of the interaction in which P-ribbons at opposite corners of the six-stranded P-sheet penetrate the DNA grooves, and call the motif a 'double wing' to emphasize similarities to the 'winged-helix' motif. The model is consistent with data on how MotA functions at middle promoters, and provides an explanation for why MotA can form non-specific multimers on DNA. C1 St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Biol Struct, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP White, SW (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Biol Struct, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM white@stjude.org NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1079 EP 1088 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02809.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 537RV UT WOS:000174774100002 PM 11918797 ER PT J AU Bytautas, L Ruedenberg, K AF Bytautas, L Ruedenberg, K TI Electron pairs, localized orbitals and electron correlation SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO; ADAPTED PERTURBATION-THEORY; HIGHER-ORDER CORRELATION; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; MCSCF WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; GROUND-STATE; FIRST-ROW; GAUSSIAN FUNCTIONS AB Presuming zeroth-order electronic wavefunctions generated from localized SCF or FORS molecular orbitals, the correlation energy is expressed as a bilinear form in terms of the pair populations of these orbitals and the projections of a correlation operator onto these orbitals. The latter are determined by fitting the correlation energies of large sets of organic molecules, which are reproduced with a mean absolute deviation of 1-3 kcal mol(1). The resulting formula provides a `back-of-the-envelope' method for estimating correlation energies and furnishes an analysis of these energies in terms of physical concepts and chemical structure. It predicts the correlation energy of diamond (per carbon atom) to within 6 kcal mol(1). C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ruedenberg@iastate.edu NR 133 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 EI 1362-3028 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 100 IS 6 BP 757 EP 781 DI 10.1080/00268970110095165 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 528EQ UT WOS:000174231800006 ER PT J AU Redfern, PC Curtiss, LA Raghavachari, K AF Redfern, PC Curtiss, LA Raghavachari, K TI Assessment of parametrized core correlation schemes in Gaussian-3 theory SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; ENERGIES; COMPUTATION AB The use of parametrized core correlation equations in Gaussian-3 (G3) theory is assessed on the G2/97 test set. Two parametrized equations for estimating core correlation effects in molecules, one based on bond order and the other on atomic number, are considered in this study. The parameters are obtained by fitting to actual calculated core correlation contributions to atomization energies. Both equations give mean absolute deviations for the G2/97 test set similar to that in original G3 theory. It is also found that use of a fit based on more accurate core correlation values from the CCSD(T) method does not improve the accuracy of G3 theory. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Agere Syst, Mat Res, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Curtiss, LA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 100 IS 6 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1080/00268970110095633 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 528EQ UT WOS:000174231800007 ER PT J AU Parsons, BF Butler, LJ Ruscic, B AF Parsons, BF Butler, LJ Ruscic, B TI Theoretical investigation of the transition states leading to HCl elimination in 2-chloropropene SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; VINYL-CHLORIDE; 193 NM; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODISSOCIATION; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; CHLOROETHYLENES; DISTRIBUTIONS; CL AB This paper describes ab initio electronic structure calculations on the planar transition states of 2-chloropropene leading to HCl elimination in the ground electronic state to form either propyne or allene as the cofragment. The calculations provide optimized geometries of the transition states for these two reaction channels, together with vibrational frequencies, barrier heights, and reaction endothermicities. The calculated barrier heights for the two distinct four-centre HCl elimination transition states, one leading to HCl and propyne and the other leading to HCl and allene, are 72.5 kcal mol(1) (77.8 kcal mol(1) without zero-point correction) and 73.2 kcal mol(1) (78.7 kcal mol(1)) at the MP2/6-311G(d,p) level, 71.0 kcal mol(1) (76.3 kcal mol(1)) and 70.5 kcal mol-1 (76.0 kcal mol(1)) at the QCISD(T)/6-311+G(d,p)//MP2/6-311G(d, p) level, and 66.9 kcal mol(1) (71.7 kcal mol(1)) and 67.3 kcal mol(1) (72.1 kcal mol(1)) at the G3//B3LYP level of theory. Calculated harmonic vibrational frequencies at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level along with transition state barrier heights from the G3//B3LYP level of theory are used to obtain RRKM reaction rate constants for each transition state, which determine the branching ratio between the two HCl elimination channels. Even at internal energies well above both HCl elimination barriers, the HCl elimination leading to propyne is strongly favoured. The smaller rate constant for the HCl elimination leading to allene can be attributed to the strong hindrance of the methyl rotor in the corresponding transition state. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Butler, LJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 100 IS 6 BP 865 EP 874 DI 10.1080/00268070110098702 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 528EQ UT WOS:000174231800016 ER PT J AU Kurtz, DW Kawaler, SD Riddle, RL Reed, MD Cunha, MS Wood, M Silvestri, N Watson, TK Dolez, N Moskalik, P Zola, S Pallier, E Guzik, JA Metcalfe, TS Mukadam, AS Nather, RE Winget, DE Sullivan, DJ Sullivan, T Sekiguchi, K Jiang, X Shobbrook, R Ashoka, BN Seetha, S Joshi, S O'Donoghue, D Handler, G Mueller, M Perez, JMG Solheim, JE Johannessen, F Ulla, A Kepler, SO Kanaan, A da Costa, A Fraga, L Giovannini, O Matthews, JM AF Kurtz, DW Kawaler, SD Riddle, RL Reed, MD Cunha, MS Wood, M Silvestri, N Watson, TK Dolez, N Moskalik, P Zola, S Pallier, E Guzik, JA Metcalfe, TS Mukadam, AS Nather, RE Winget, DE Sullivan, DJ Sullivan, T Sekiguchi, K Jiang, X Shobbrook, R Ashoka, BN Seetha, S Joshi, S O'Donoghue, D Handler, G Mueller, M Perez, JMG Solheim, JE Johannessen, F Ulla, A Kepler, SO Kanaan, A da Costa, A Fraga, L Giovannini, O Matthews, JM CA WET collaboration TI Discovery of the 'missing' mode in HR 1217 by the Whole Earth Telescope SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : individual : HR 1217; stars : magnetic fields; stars : oscillations; stars : variables : other ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; ROAP STARS; ASYMPTOTIC APPROXIMATIONS; ACOUSTIC MODES; BETA-HYDRI; AP STARS; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; FREQUENCY AB HR 1217 is a prototypical rapidly oscillating Ap star that has presented a test to the theory of non-radial stellar pulsation. Prior observations showed a clear pattern of five modes with alternating frequency spacings of 33.3 and 34.6 muHz, with a sixth mode at a problematic spacing of 50.0 muHz (which equals 1.5 X 33.3 muHz) to the high-frequency side. Asymptotic pulsation theory allowed for a frequency spacing of 34 muHz, but Hipparcos observations rule out such a spacing. Theoretical calculations of magnetoacoustic modes in Ap stars by Cunha predicted that there should be a previously undetected mode 34 muHz higher than the main group, with a smaller spacing between it and the highest one. In this Letter. we present preliminary results from a multisite photometric campaign on the rapidly oscillating Ap star HR 1217 using the 'Whole Earth Telescope'. While a complete analysis of the data will appear in a later paper, one outstanding result from this run is the discovery of a newly detected frequency in the pulsation spectrum of this star. at the frequency predicted by Cunha. C1 Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, UMR 5572, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. Inst Super Maia, P-4475690 Avisoso S Pedro, Castelo da Maia, Portugal. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Florida Inst Technol, SARA Observ, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Southwestern Univ, Informat Technol Serv, Georgetown, TX 78626 USA. Nicholaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Pedag Univ ielce, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Wellington 6001, New Zealand. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Joint Lab Opt Astron, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Indian Space Res Org, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. Uttar Pradesh State Observ, Naini Tal 263129, India. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. Univ Tromso, Dept Phys, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. Univ Vigo, Dept Fis Aplicada, Vigo 36200, Spain. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Univ Caxias do Sul, Dept Quim & Fis, BR-95001970 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Kurtz, DW (reprint author), Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. EM dwkurtz@uclan.ac.uk RI Metcalfe, Travis/A-9388-2008; Kepler, S. O. /H-5901-2012; Fraga, Luciano/K-9075-2013; Ulla Miguel, Ana Maria/M-2860-2014 OI Metcalfe, Travis/0000-0003-4034-0416; Kepler, S. O. /0000-0002-7470-5703; NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 330 IS 3 BP L57 EP L61 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 530NQ UT WOS:000174365200002 ER PT J AU Setlow, RB AF Setlow, RB TI Shedding light on proteins, nucleic acids, cells, humans and fish SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE action spectra; DNA repair; pyrimidine dimers; skin cancers; ultraviolet light; excision repair; photorepair; history of science ID XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM CELLS; 2A FROG CELLS; PYRIMIDINE DIMERS; DNA-REPAIR; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; POSTREPLICATION REPAIR; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; EXCISION-REPAIR; ACTION SPECTRA; SKIN-CANCER AB I was trained as a physicist in graduate school, Hence. when I decided to go into the field of biophysics, it was natural that I concentrated on the effects of light on relatively simple biological systems, such as proteins. The wavelengths absorbed by the amino acid subunits of proteins are in the ultraviolet (UV). The wavelengths that affect the biological activities, the action spectra, also are in the UV, but are not necessarily parallel to the absorption spectra. Understanding these differences led me to investigate the action spectra for affecting nucleic acids, and the effects of UV on viruses and cells, The latter studies led me to the discovery of the important molecular nature of the damages affecting DNA (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers) and to the discovery of nucleotide excision repair. Individuals with the genetic disease xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are extraordinarily sensitive to sunlight-induced skin cancer. The finding, by James Cleaver, that their skin cells were defective in DNA repair strongly suggested that DNA damage was a key step in carcinogenesis. Such information was important for estimating the wavelengths in sunlight responsible for human skin cancer and for predicting the effects of ozone depletion on the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer. It took experiments with backcross hybrid fish to call attention to the probable role of the longer UV wavelengths not absorbed by DNA in the induction of melanoma. These reflections trace the biophysicist's path from molecules to melanoma, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Setlow, RB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 120 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 511 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 AR PII S1383-5742(02)00004-2 DI 10.1016/S1383-5742(02)00004-2 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 547CY UT WOS:000175316500001 PM 11906839 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Wong, SS AF Banerjee, S Wong, SS TI Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotube-nanocrystal heterostructures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM SELENIDE NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITE FILMS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; SIZE SERIES; II-VI; CHEMISTRY; TIO2; MONOLAYERS; STRENGTH AB Oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been reacted with cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals, capped with mercaptothiol derivatives, as well as with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystals, functionalized with 11-aminoundecanoic acid to form nanoscale heterostructures, characterized by transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The reaction with acid-terminated CdSe nanocrystals and acid-terminated tubes was facilitated with the aid of intermediary linking agents, such as ethylenediamine and semicarbazide, in an amide-forming reaction in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, EDC. Based on electronic absorption spectroscopy, charge transfer is thought to proceed from the nanocrystal to the nanotube in the CdSe-nanotube system, whereas in the TiO2-nanotube system, charge transfer is expected to occur from the nanotube to the nanocrystal. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. OI Banerjee, Sarbajit/0000-0002-2028-4675 NR 36 TC 314 Z9 322 U1 9 U2 111 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 2 IS 3 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1021/nl015651n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 535JF UT WOS:000174640900006 ER PT J AU Schulze-Gahmen, U Kim, SH AF Schulze-Gahmen, U Kim, SH TI Structural basis for CDK6 activation by a virus-encoded cyclin SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT KINASE CDK6; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX; PHOSPHORYLATION; INHIBITORS; PROTEINS; CANCER; ERRORS; MAPS AB Cyclin from herpesvirus saimiri (Vcyclin) preferentially forms complexes with cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) from primate host cells. These complexes show higher kinase activity than host cell CDKs in complex with cellular cyclins and are resistant to cyclin-dependent inhibitory proteins (CDKIs). The crystal structure of human CDK6-Vcyclin in an active state was determined to 3.1 Angstrom resolution to better understand the structural basis of CDK6 activation by viral cyclins. The unphosphorylated CDK6 in complex with Vcyclin has many features characteristic of cyclinA-activated, phosphorylated CDK2. There are, however, differences in the conformation at the tip of the T-loop and its interactions with Vcyclin. Residues in the N-terminal extension of Vcyclin wrap around the tip of the CDK6 T-loop and form a short beta-sheet with the T-loop backbone. These interactions lead to a 20% larger buried surface in the CDK6-Vcyclin interface than in the CDK2-cyclinA complex and are probably largely responsible for the specificity of Vcyclin for CDK6 and resistance of the complex to inhibition by INK-type CDKIs. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schulze-Gahmen, U (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1038/nsb756 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 526RN UT WOS:000174143600010 PM 11828325 ER PT J AU Lovell, MA Robertson, JD Buchholz, BA Xie, CS Markesbery, WR AF Lovell, MA Robertson, JD Buchholz, BA Xie, CS Markesbery, WR TI Use of bomb pulse carbon-14 to age senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE neurofibrillary tangles; senile plaques; Alzheimer's disease; accelerator mass spectrometry ID PAIRED HELICAL FILAMENTS; SYNAPSE LOSS; DEMENTIA; SEVERITY; DURATION; CORRELATE; PROTEINS; NEURONS; LESIONS; TAU AB The time course of formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile plaques (SP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is unknown. Above ground nuclear weapons testing in the late 1950s and early 1960s led to significantly increased levels of C-14 in the atmosphere and carbon cycle. Because the amyloid beta peptide of SP and paired helical filaments of NFT, once formed, are relatively resistant to degradation, C-14 levels observed in SP and NFT should reflect their year of formation. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to determine whether C-14 levels could be used to define NFT and SP ages. Using accelerator mass spectrometry to measure bomb-pulse C-14 levels, we determined the average age of formation of isolated SP and NFT fractions in bulk brain samples of 6 AD subjects. Although preliminary, the results demonstrate that it is possible to use bomb pulse C-14 to determine the average year of formation of NFT and SP in the brain in AD. In addition, the data show that these structures, once formed, have a much slower carbon turnover rate than normal brain and are not in a formation/enzymatic degradation equilibrium. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Sanders Brown Ctr Aging, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Univ Kentucky, Alzheimers Dis Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Pathol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Neurol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RP Lovell, MA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Sanders Brown Ctr Aging, 101 Sanders Brown Bldg, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 FU NIA NIH HHS [5P50 AG 5144, 5P01 AG0 5119] NR 49 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(01)00281-0 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 516WY UT WOS:000173580800003 PM 11804701 ER PT J AU Mesleh, MF Belmar, N Lu, CW Krishnan, VV Maxwell, RS Genain, CP Cosman, M AF Mesleh, MF Belmar, N Lu, CW Krishnan, VV Maxwell, RS Genain, CP Cosman, M TI Marmoset fine B cell and T cell epitope specificities mapped onto a homology model of the extracellular domain of human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; MYELIN/OLIGODENDROCYTE GLYCOPROTEIN; BASIC-PROTEIN; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; MEMBRANE TOPOLOGY; NONHUMAN PRIMATE; ANTIBODY AB Aberrant association of autoantibodies with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), an integral membrane protein of the central nervous system (CNS) myelin, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Sensitization of nonhuman primates (Callithfix jacchus marmosets) against the nonglycosylated, recombinant N-terminal domain of rat MOG (residues 1-125) reproduces an MS-like disease in which MOG-specific autoantibodies directly mediate demyelination. To assess the interrelationship between MOG structure and the induction of autoimmune CNS diseases and to enable structure-based rational design of therapeutics, a homology model of human MOG(2-120) was constructed based on consensus residues found in immunoglobulin superfamily variable-type proteins having known structures. Possible sites for posttranslational modifications and dimerization have also been identified and analyzed. The B cell and T cell epitopes have been identified in rat MOG-immunized marmosets, and these sequences are observed to map primarily onto accessible regions in the model, which may explain their ability to generate potent antibody responses. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Cosman, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, 7000 East Ave,L-448, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Krishnan, Krish/A-6859-2010 NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0969-9961 J9 NEUROBIOL DIS JI Neurobiol. Dis. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 160 EP 172 DI 10.1006/nbdi.2001.0474 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 532PW UT WOS:000174485100005 PM 11895369 ER PT J AU Wullschleger, SD Gunderson, CA Hanson, PJ Wilson, KB Norby, RJ AF Wullschleger, SD Gunderson, CA Hanson, PJ Wilson, KB Norby, RJ TI Sensitivity of stomatal and canopy conductance to elevated CO2 concentration - interacting variables and perspectives of scale SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE canopy transpiration; evapotranspiration; forest water use; global change; Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum); sap velocity; transpiration ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; XYLEM SAP FLOW; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PINE FOREST; GAS-EXCHANGE; LONG-TERM; WATER-USE; TRANSPIRATION AB The hydrological response of forests to rising CO2 is a critical biotic feedback in the study of global climate change. Few studies, however, have investigated this highly dynamic response at relevant temporal and spatial scales. A combination of leaf and whole-tree measurements and stand-level extrapolations were used to assess how stomatal conductance, canopy transpiration and conductance, and evapotranspiration might be affected by future, higher CO2 concentrations. Midday measurements of stomatal conductance for leaves sampled in a 12-yr-old sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) stand exposed to free-air CO2 enrichment were up to 44% lower at elevated than at ambient CO2 concentrations, whereas canopy conductance, averaged over the growing season, was only 14% lower in stands exposed to CO2 enrichment. The magnitude of this response was dependent on vapor pressure deficit and soil water potential. Annual estimates of evapotranspiration showed relatively small reductions due to atmospheric CO2 enrichment. These data illustrate that the hydrological response of a closed-canopy plantation to elevated CO2 depends on the temporal and spatial scale of observation. They emphasize the importance of interacting variables and confirm that integration of measurements over space and time reduce what, at the leaf level, might otherwise appear to be a large and significant response. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NOAA, Air Res Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wullschleger, SD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 NR 68 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 153 IS 3 BP 485 EP 496 DI 10.1046/j.0028-646X.2001.00333.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 523ZH UT WOS:000173987100015 ER PT J AU Nave, MFF Gorelenkov, NN McClements, KG Allfrey, SJ Balet, B Borba, DN Lomas, PJ Manickam, J Jones, TTC Thomas, PR AF Nave, MFF Gorelenkov, NN McClements, KG Allfrey, SJ Balet, B Borba, DN Lomas, PJ Manickam, J Jones, TTC Thomas, PR TI Fast particle effects on the sawtooth stability of JET DT discharges SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM PLASMAS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; INTERNAL KINK; H-MODES; TOKAMAKS; STABILIZATION AB JET experiments using deuterium and tritium have made it possible to study sawtooth stability in plasmas approaching thermonuclear conditions. Record fusion yields were obtained in discharges where the sawtooth was delayed. In a sequence of discharges designed to study alpha heating, a new phenomenon was observed: the sawtooth period increases with tritium concentration. The internal kink stability for both high performance and alpha heating experiment plasmas was studied. Calculations for the record fusion discharge at the time of maximum fusion power (P-fus, = 16 MW) showed that alpha particles make a significant stabilizing contribution to the potential energy of the m = I internal kink instability. The scaling of sawtooth period with tritium concentration implies a dependence on mean ion mass: possible reasons for such a dependence are considered. Calculations of the kinetic fast particle contribution to the kink potential energy indicate that the rise in sawtooth period with tritium concentration is likely to have arisen from two effects: an increase in the slowing down time of the beam ions, which in these plasmas is proportional to the mean ion mass, and an increase in the proportion of beam ions at the full injection energy. C1 IST, EURATOM Assoc, Ctr Fusao Nucl, Lisbon, Portugal. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Abingdon, Oxon, England. Commiss European Communities, DG Res, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. RP Nave, MFF (reprint author), IST, EURATOM Assoc, Ctr Fusao Nucl, Lisbon, Portugal. RI McClements, Ken/H-7985-2012; Nave, Maria/A-5581-2013; Borba, Duarte/K-6148-2015 OI Nave, Maria/0000-0003-2078-6584; Borba, Duarte/0000-0001-5305-2857 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 281 EP 289 AR PII S0029-5515(02)34166-8 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/3/308 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 551GJ UT WOS:000175551400009 ER PT J AU Chance, MS Chu, MS Okabayashi, M Turnbull, AD AF Chance, MS Chu, MS Okabayashi, M Turnbull, AD TI Theoretical modelling of the feedback stabilization of external MHD modes in toroidal geometry SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVE WALL MODE; HIGH-BETA; DIII-D; TOKAMAKS; SHELL; STABILITY; PLASMAS; PINCH; CODE AB A theoretical framework for understanding the feedback mechanism for stabilization of external MHD modes has been formulated. Efficient computational tools-the GATO stability code coupled with a substantially modified VACUUM code-have been developed to effectively design viable feedback systems against these modes. The analysis assumed a thin resistive shell and a feedback coil structure accurately modelled in theta and phi, albeit with only a single harmonic variation in phi. Time constants and induced currents in the enclosing resistive shell are calculated. An optimized configuration based on an idealized model has been computed for the DIII-D device. Up to 90% of the effectiveness of an ideal wall can be achieved. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Chance, MS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 295 EP 300 AR PII S0029-5515(02)34175-9 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/3/310 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 551GJ UT WOS:000175551400011 ER PT J AU Skinner, CH Kugel, HW Maingi, R Wampler, WR Blanchard, W Bell, MG Bell, RE Gates, DA Kaye, SM LaMarche, P LeBlanc, BP Menard, JE Mueller, D Na, HK Nishino, N Paoletti, F Paul, SF Sabbagh, SA Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D AF Skinner, CH Kugel, HW Maingi, R Wampler, WR Blanchard, W Bell, MG Bell, RE Gates, DA Kaye, SM LaMarche, P LeBlanc, BP Menard, JE Mueller, D Na, HK Nishino, N Paoletti, F Paul, SF Sabbagh, SA Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D TI Effect of boronization on ohmic plasmas in NSTX SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; ALCATOR C-MOD; TOKAMAK; CONFINEMENT; IMPURITIES; REGIME AB Boronization of NSTX has allowed access to higher density higher confinement plasmas. A glow discharge with 4 mtorr helium and 10% deuterated trimethyl boron deposited 1.7 g of boron on the plasma facing surfaces. Ion beam analysis of witness coupons showed a B + C areal density of 10(18) cm(-2) corresponding to a film thickness of 100 nm. Subsequent ohmic discharges showed oxygen emission lines reduced by a factor of 15, carbon emission reduced by a factor of two and copper reduced to undetectable levels. After boronization, the plasma current flat-top time increased by 70% enabling access to higher density higher confinement plasmas. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Korea Basic Sci Inst, Taejon, South Korea. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 329 EP 332 AR PII S0029-5515(02)34159-0 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/3/313 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 551GJ UT WOS:000175551400014 ER PT J AU Doyle, EJ Greenfield, CM Austin, ME Baylor, LR Burrell, KH Casper, TA DeBoo, JC Ernst, DR Fenzi, C Gohil, P Groebner, RJ Heidbrink, WW Jackson, GL Jernigan, TC Kinsey, JE Lao, LL Makowski, M McKee, GR Murakami, M Peebles, WA Porkolab, M Prater, R Rettig, CL Rhodes, TL Rost, JC Staebler, GM Stallard, BW Strait, EJ Synakowski, EJ Thomas, DM Wade, MR Waltz, RE Zeng, L AF Doyle, EJ Greenfield, CM Austin, ME Baylor, LR Burrell, KH Casper, TA DeBoo, JC Ernst, DR Fenzi, C Gohil, P Groebner, RJ Heidbrink, WW Jackson, GL Jernigan, TC Kinsey, JE Lao, LL Makowski, M McKee, GR Murakami, M Peebles, WA Porkolab, M Prater, R Rettig, CL Rhodes, TL Rost, JC Staebler, GM Stallard, BW Strait, EJ Synakowski, EJ Thomas, DM Wade, MR Waltz, RE Zeng, L TI Progress towards increased understanding and control of internal transport barriers in DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID D TOKAMAK; TURBULENCE SUPPRESSION; REDUCED TRANSPORT; HIGH-CONFINEMENT; SHEAR; DISCHARGES; ELECTRON; PLASMAS; SIMULATIONS; REGIMES AB Substantial progress has been made towards both understanding and control of internal transport barriers (ITBs) on DIII-D, resulting in the discovery of a new sustained high performance operating mode termed the quiescent double barrier (QDB) regime. The QDB regime combines core transport barriers with a quiescent ELM-free H mode edge (termed QH mode), giving rise to separate (double) core and edge transport barriers. The core and edge barriers are mutually compatible and do not merge, resulting in broad core profiles with an edge pedestal. The QH mode edge is characterized by ELM-free behaviour with continuous multiharmonic MHD activity in the pedestal region and has provided density and radiated power control for longer than 3.5 s (25tau(E)) with divertor pumping. QDB plasmas are long pulse high performance candidates, having maintained a beta(N) H-89 product of 7 for five energy confinement times (T-i less than or equal to 16 keV, B-N less than or equal to 2.9, H-89 less than or equal to 2.4, tau(E) less than or equal to 150 ms, DD neutron rate S-n less than or equal to 4 x 10(15) s(-1)). The QDB regime has only been obtained in counter-NBI discharges (injection antiparallel to the plasma current) with divertor pumping. Other results include successful expansion of the ITB radius using (separately) both impurity injection and counter-NBI, and the formation of ITBs in the electron thermal channel using both ECH and strong negative central shear (NCS) at high power. These results are interpreted within a theoretical framework in which turbulence suppression is the key to ITB formation and control, and a decrease in core turbulence is observed in all cases of ITB formation. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, PSTI, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Doyle, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RI Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010 OI Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 333 EP 339 AR PII S0029-5515(02)34650-7 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/3/314 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 551GJ UT WOS:000175551400015 ER PT J AU Orth, CD AF Orth, CD TI Cost of electricity difference for direct and indirect drive targets for inertial fusion energy using a diode pumped solid state laser driver SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFICATION AB A detailed systems analysis code has been used to compare the projected cost of electricity (COE) for inertial fusion energy for direct drive (DD) and indirect drive (ID) target scenarios, based on a diode pumped solid state laser driver with Yb:S-FAP (Yb doped Sr-5(PO4)(3)F) gain media. Previously published target gain curves which resulted in a target gain at the optimal DD operating point that is 30% higher than that for the ID scenario have been used. This gain advantage for DD is offset by a requirement for improved beam smoothing, which was obtained via smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) with a 1 THz bandwidth at 349 nm. Such a large SSD bandwidth has a number of effects on laser performance, including greater risk of optics damage from non-linear effects, lowered harmonic conversion efficiency, altered extraction parameters and higher front-end costs. The non-linear effects, which contribute to optical component damage by amplification of intensity non-uniformities, were parameterized through a constraint on the maximum allowable B integral (i.e. the total average phase retardation due to the non-linear indices of all materials traversed by the beam). If we constrain B to be no larger than 1.8 rad, which is the presently accepted safe value based on observations in single shot glass laser facilities, the COEs for DID and ID are predicted to be the same within the uncertainties. If technology permits the B limit to be raised, the optimized COE for DD is predicted to decrease relative to that for ID. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Orth, CD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 354 EP 360 AR PII S0029-5515(02)34162-0 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/3/317 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 551GJ UT WOS:000175551400018 ER PT J AU Appel, R Atoyan, GS Bassalleck, B Battiste, E Bergman, DR Bosiger, K Brown, DN Castillo, V Cheung, N Dhawan, S Do, H Egger, J Eilerts, SW Felder, C Fischer, H Gach, HM Giles, R Gninenko, SN Herold, WD Hotmer, JE Issakov, VV Karavichev, OV Kaspar, H Kraus, DE Lazarus, DM Lebedev, VA Leipuner, L Lichard, P Lowe, J Lozano, J Lu, T Ma, H Magurno, B Majid, W Menzel, W Miller, CS Nickelson, M Ober, I Pile, PH Pislak, S Poblaguev, AA Pomianowski, P Postoev, VE Proskurjakov, AL Rehak, P Robmann, P Schmid, B Sher, A Sher, A Shunko, E Steiner, S Stever, TL Stotzer, RW Suhov, VV Thompson, JA Truol, P Valine, C Weyer, H Wolfe, DM Zeller, ME AF Appel, R Atoyan, GS Bassalleck, B Battiste, E Bergman, DR Bosiger, K Brown, DN Castillo, V Cheung, N Dhawan, S Do, H Egger, J Eilerts, SW Felder, C Fischer, H Gach, HM Giles, R Gninenko, SN Herold, WD Hotmer, JE Issakov, VV Karavichev, OV Kaspar, H Kraus, DE Lazarus, DM Lebedev, VA Leipuner, L Lichard, P Lowe, J Lozano, J Lu, T Ma, H Magurno, B Majid, W Menzel, W Miller, CS Nickelson, M Ober, I Pile, PH Pislak, S Poblaguev, AA Pomianowski, P Postoev, VE Proskurjakov, AL Rehak, P Robmann, P Schmid, B Sher, A Sher, A Shunko, E Steiner, S Stever, TL Stotzer, RW Suhov, VV Thompson, JA Truol, P Valine, C Weyer, H Wolfe, DM Zeller, ME TI A large acceptance, high-resolution detector for rare K+-decay experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE rare kaon decays; magnetic spectrometers; electromagnetic calorimeters; charged particle identification; Cherenkov counters ID BRANCHING RATIO; IMPROVED LIMIT; GAS-MIXTURES; SEARCH; VIOLATION; MIRRORS; MODEL; MUON; CF4 AB The detector of the E865-collaboration at the Brookhaven-AGS described here combines a magnetic spectrometer for the charged decay products of 6 GeV/c K+ with excellent electromagnetic calorimetry and efficient particle identification for electrons and muons. Its high-resolution, large acceptance and high rate capability made it well suited for the study of extremely rare or forbidden decays with multi-leptonic final states such as K+-->pi(+)mu(+)e(-), K+-->pi(+/+/-), K+-->nu/e(-)/e(+)e(-) and K+-->pi(+)pi(-)e(+)nu(e), down to branching ratios below 10(-11) in an intense K+ beam (approximate to 10(8) per AGS spill). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Nucl Res Inst, Moscow 117312, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4046 Basel, Switzerland. RP Truol, P (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RI Lichard, Peter/A-4459-2010 OI Lichard, Peter/0000-0003-1581-8545 NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 479 IS 2-3 BP 349 EP 406 AR PII S0168-9002(01)00906-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00906-8 PG 58 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 545JA UT WOS:000175212600010 ER PT J AU Artamonov, A Bonekamper, D Brunner, J Bulte, A Carnevale, G Catanesi, MG Cocco, A Cussans, D Ferreira, R Friend, B Gorbunov, P Guerriero, A Gurin, R de Jong, M Litmaath, M Macina, D Maslennikov, A Mazzoni, MA Drees, RM Meinhard, H Mommaert, C Oldeman, RGC Overas, H Panman, J van der Poel, CAFJ Riccardi, F Rondeshagen, D Rozanov, A Saltzberg, D Uiterwijk, JWE Vander Donckt, M Wolff, T Wong, H Zucchelli, P AF Artamonov, A Bonekamper, D Brunner, J Bulte, A Carnevale, G Catanesi, MG Cocco, A Cussans, D Ferreira, R Friend, B Gorbunov, P Guerriero, A Gurin, R de Jong, M Litmaath, M Macina, D Maslennikov, A Mazzoni, MA Drees, RM Meinhard, H Mommaert, C Oldeman, RGC Overas, H Panman, J van der Poel, CAFJ Riccardi, F Rondeshagen, D Rozanov, A Saltzberg, D Uiterwijk, JWE Vander Donckt, M Wolff, T Wong, H Zucchelli, P TI The data acquisition system of the CHORUS experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE data acquisition; object oriented programming; remote operating system; finite state machine; publish-subscribe service ID SCINTILLATING-FIBER TRACKER; DETECTOR; OSCILLATION; SEARCH AB In the years 1994-1998 the CHORUS Collaboration has recorded data in the CERN WA95 experiment. Here we describe the data acquisition system that has been used, featuring concurrent hierarchical state machines, a remote operating system, a buffer manager, a dispatcher, a control panel and a supervisor. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ Munster, D-4400 Munster, Germany. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Humboldt Univ, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bari, Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Inter Univ Inst High Energies ULB VUB, Brussels, Belgium. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Ferrara, Italy. RP Litmaath, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS-369, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Brunner, Juergen/G-3540-2015 OI Brunner, Juergen/0000-0002-5052-7236 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 479 IS 2-3 BP 412 EP 438 AR PII S0168-9002(01)00937-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00937-8 PG 27 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 545JA UT WOS:000175212600012 ER PT J AU Wang, DQ Robertson, JL Crow, ML Wang, XL Lee, WT Hubbard, CR AF Wang, DQ Robertson, JL Crow, ML Wang, XL Lee, WT Hubbard, CR TI Modeling neutron guides using Monte Carlo simulations SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron; Monte Carlo simulation; tapered guide; time-of-flight (TOF) peak width; acceptance diagram ID SYSTEMS AB Four neutron guide geometries, straight, converging, diverging and curved, were characterized using Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations. The main areas of interest are the transmission of the guides at various neutron energies and the intrinsic time-of-flight (TOF) peak broadening. Use of a delta-function time pulse from a uniform Lambert neutron source allows one to quantitatively simulate the effect of guides' geometry on the TOF peak broadening. With a converging guide, the intensity and the beam divergence increases while the TOF peak width decreases compared with that of a straight guide. By contrast, use of a diverging guide decreases the intensity and the beam divergence, and broadens the width (in TOF) of the transmitted neutron pulse. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, DQ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, High Temp Mat Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 479 IS 2-3 BP 461 EP 466 AR PII S0168-9002(01)00923-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00923-8 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 545JA UT WOS:000175212600015 ER PT J AU Akopov, N Aschenauer, EC Bailey, K Bernreuther, K Bianchi, N Capitani, GP Carter, P Cisbani, E De Leo, R De Sanctis, E De Schepper, D Djordjadze, V Filippone, BW Frullani, S Garibaldi, F Hansen, JO Hommez, B Iodice, M Jackson, HE Jung, P Kaiser, R Kanesaka, J Kowalczyk, R Lagamba, L Maas, A Muccifora, V Nappi, E Negodaeva, K Nowak, WD O'Connor, T O'Neill, TG Potterveld, DH Ryckbosch, D Sakemi, Y Sato, F Schwind, A Shibata, TA Suetsugu, K Thomas, E Tytgat, M Urciuoli, GM Van de Kerckhove, K Van de Vyver, R Yoneyama, S Zohrabian, H Zhang, LF AF Akopov, N Aschenauer, EC Bailey, K Bernreuther, K Bianchi, N Capitani, GP Carter, P Cisbani, E De Leo, R De Sanctis, E De Schepper, D Djordjadze, V Filippone, BW Frullani, S Garibaldi, F Hansen, JO Hommez, B Iodice, M Jackson, HE Jung, P Kaiser, R Kanesaka, J Kowalczyk, R Lagamba, L Maas, A Muccifora, V Nappi, E Negodaeva, K Nowak, WD O'Connor, T O'Neill, TG Potterveld, DH Ryckbosch, D Sakemi, Y Sato, F Schwind, A Shibata, TA Suetsugu, K Thomas, E Tytgat, M Urciuoli, GM Van de Kerckhove, K Van de Vyver, R Yoneyama, S Zohrabian, H Zhang, LF CA HERMES RICH Grp TI The HERMES dual-radiator ring imaging Cherenkov detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID SILICA AEROGELS; COUNTERS; RICH AB The construction and use of a dual radiator Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector is described. This instrument was developed for the HERMES experiment at DESY which emphasises measurements of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. It provides particle identification for pions, kaons, and protons in the momentum range from 2 to 15 GeV, which is essential to these studies. The instrument uses two radiators, C4F10, a heavy fluorocarbon gas, and a wall of silica aerogel tiles. The use of aerogel in a RICH detector has only recently become possible with the development of clear, large, homogeneous and hydrophobic aerogel. A lightweight mirror was constructed using a newly perfected technique to make resin-coated carbon-fiber surfaces of optical quality. The photon detector consists of 1934 photomultiplier tubes (PMT) for each detector half, held in a soft steel matrix to provide shielding against the residual field of the main spectrometer magnet. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. DESY Zeuthen, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. CALTECH, WK Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. INFN, Sez Romal Gruppo, I-00161 Rome, Italy. INFN, Sez Bari, I-70124 Bari, Italy. State Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Jackson, HE (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RI Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Lagamba, Luigi/0000-0002-0233-9812 NR 21 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 479 IS 2-3 BP 511 EP 530 AR PII S0168-9002(01)00932-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00932-9 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 545JA UT WOS:000175212600019 ER PT J AU Kerkau, T Krassig, B Schwarzkopf, O Kossmann, H Kammerling, B Schmidt, V AF Kerkau, T Krassig, B Schwarzkopf, O Kossmann, H Kammerling, B Schmidt, V TI Calibration procedures to study molecular fragmentation by electron-ion coincidences SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE electron-ion coincidences; doubly-charged molecule fragmentation ID RAY INDUCED FRAGMENTATION; DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; HOLE STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSOLUTE; PROBABILITIES; EFFICIENCIES; EXCITATION; STATISTICS; DETECTOR AB Calibration procedures are presented for an apparatus in which an electron spectrometer is combined with an ion time-of-flight spectrometer. We analyze the properties of the system for fragmentation studies of doubly-charged diatomic molecules where Auger electrons and ionic fragments are detected in coincidence. Special emphasis is given to the extraction of fragment ion yields from the experimental data and to the measurement of the kinetic energy release. The influence of instrumental parameters and of possible angular distribution effects on the results of such measurements is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Freiburg, Albert Ludwigs Univ, Fak Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. BESSY GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. PSI AG, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. RP Schmidt, V (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Albert Ludwigs Univ, Fak Phys, Hermann Herder Str 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 479 IS 2-3 BP 555 EP 567 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01261-X DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01261-X PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 545JA UT WOS:000175212600023 ER PT J AU Barber, R Ahmed, MW Dzemidzic, M Empl, A Hungerford, EV Lan, KJ Wilson, J Cooper, MD Gagliardi, CA Haim, D Kim, GJ Koetke, DD Tribble, RE Van Ausdeln, LA AF Barber, R Ahmed, MW Dzemidzic, M Empl, A Hungerford, EV Lan, KJ Wilson, J Cooper, MD Gagliardi, CA Haim, D Kim, GJ Koetke, DD Tribble, RE Van Ausdeln, LA TI Characteristics of a delay-line readout in a cylindrical drift chamber system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE particle detectors; delay-line readout; tracking detector ID 2ND COORDINATE READOUT; MEGAS LOW-MASS; CHARGE DIVISION; PROPORTIONAL CHAMBERS; CONSTRUCTION; DETECTOR; MWPCS; WIRE AB This paper reports on the design, construction, and operational characteristics of a delay-line readout implemented on the cathode foils of a cylindrical drift chamber system. The readout was used to determine the position of an event along the length of the 1.74 m drift wires in the MEGA detectors used at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. The performance of the system is interpreted by comparison to a PSPICE simulation, and to simple analytical models. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Cyclotron Inst, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hungerford, EV (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM hanger@uh.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 479 IS 2-3 BP 591 EP 598 AR PII S0168-9002(01)00904-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00904-4 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 545JA UT WOS:000175212600026 ER PT J AU Verda, RD Tesmer, JR Nastasia, M Bower, RW AF Verda, RD Tesmer, JR Nastasia, M Bower, RW TI An energy spread correction for depth profiling by elastic recoil detection analysis SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE depth profiling; energy spread; calibration standards ID BACKSCATTERING; SIMULATION AB A technique for hydrogen depth profiling by reflection elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) called the channel-depth conversion was introduced in [Verda et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 183 (2001) 401]. The conversion is determined from ion beam analysis of specially prepared standards and transforms the channel axis of ERDA spectra directly to units of depth. However, the channel-depth conversion does not address energy spread inherent in forward recoil spectra. Energy spread causes a broadening in the energy range of the spectrum, which can lead to errors in depth profiling. This work introduces a technique that addresses energy spread, called the energy spread correction, Together, the energy spread correction and the channel-depth conversion techniques, applied to ERDA spectra in that order, comprise a depth profiling method presented in this work. In the case where forward recoil spectra must be obtained using an absorber foil, we show that the depth profiling method is independent of foil thickness. The method was developed for hydrogen depth profiling by ERDA performed with a reflection geometry setup that requires an absorber foil. But, in principle, this method could be used to profile other elements, and that with transmission geometry setups and/or detection systems that do not require an absorber foil. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Verda, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAR PY 2002 VL 187 IS 3 BP 383 EP 392 AR PII S0168-58X(01)01138-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)01138-7 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 526RP UT WOS:000174143700010 ER PT J AU Lepage, GP Clark, B Davies, CTH Hornbostel, K Mackenzie, PB Morningstar, C Trottier, H AF Lepage, GP Clark, B Davies, CTH Hornbostel, K Mackenzie, PB Morningstar, C Trottier, H TI Constrained curve fitting SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID LATTICE QCD AB We survey techniques for constrained curve fitting, based upon Bayesian statistics, that offer significant advantages over conventional techniques used by lattice field theorists. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Lepage, GP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Morningstar, Colin/N-6925-2014 OI Morningstar, Colin/0000-0002-0607-9923 NR 9 TC 168 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 12 EP 20 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01638-3 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01638-3 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700003 ER PT J AU Edwards, RG AF Edwards, RG TI Topology and low lying fermion modes SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID LATTICE QCD; ZERO-MODES; INSTANTONS; LOGARITHMS AB Recent results concerning the relation of topology and low-lying fermion modes are summarized. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave,MS 12H2, Newport News, VA USA. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 38 EP 46 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01641-3 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01641-3 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700006 ER PT J AU Ortiz, G Knill, E Gubernatis, JE AF Ortiz, G Knill, E Gubernatis, JE TI The challenge of quantum computer simulations of physical phenomena SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY AB The goal of physics simulation using controllable quantum systems ("physics imitation") is to exploit quantum laws to advantage, and thus accomplish efficient simulation of physical phenomena. In this Note, we discuss the fundamental concepts behind this paradigm of information processing, such as the connection between models of computation and physical systems. The experimental simulation of a toy quantum many-body problem is described. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ortiz, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 151 EP 158 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01654-1 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01654-1 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700019 ER PT J AU Boyle, PA Chen, D Christ, NH Cristian, C Dong, Z Gara, A Joo, B Kim, C Levkova, L Liao, X Liu, G Mawhinney, RD Ohta, S Wettig, T Yamaguchi, A AF Boyle, PA Chen, D Christ, NH Cristian, C Dong, Z Gara, A Joo, B Kim, C Levkova, L Liao, X Liu, G Mawhinney, RD Ohta, S Wettig, T Yamaguchi, A TI Status of the QCDOC project SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY AB A status report is given of the QCDOC project, a massively parallel computer optimized for lattice QCD using system-on-a-chip technology. We describe several of the hardware and software features unique to the QCDOC architecture and present performance figures obtained from simulating the current VHDL design of the QCDOC chip with single-cycle accuracy. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. KEK, Inst Particle & Nuc Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Boyle, PA (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 177 EP 183 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01657-7 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01657-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700022 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, S AF Gottlieb, S TI Cost of dynamical quark simulations with improved staggered quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID ART. AB The cost of dynamical quark simulations with improved staggered quarks is estimated based on current and planned running by the MILL collaboration. I find that a few 10s of Teraflop years should be sufficient to calculate down to a lattice spacing of 0.045 fm. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Phys SW117, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Gottlieb, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp MS106, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 189 EP 190 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01659-0 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01659-0 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700024 ER PT J AU Bernard, C Christ, N Gottlieb, S Jansen, K Kenway, R Lippert, T Luscher, M Mackenzie, P Niedermayer, F Sharpe, S Tripiccione, R Ukawa, A Wittig, H AF Bernard, C Christ, N Gottlieb, S Jansen, K Kenway, R Lippert, T Luscher, M Mackenzie, P Niedermayer, F Sharpe, S Tripiccione, R Ukawa, A Wittig, H TI Panel discussion on the cost of dynamical quark simulations SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY AB This is a transcript of the recorded panel discussion on the cost of dynamical quark simulations at Lattice2001. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. DESY Zeuthen, NIC, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys, I-34100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-34100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Univ Liverpool, Dept Math Sci, Div Theoret Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Bernard, C (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Ukawa, Akira/A-6549-2011; OI tripiccione, raffaele/0000-0002-8516-2492 NR 1 TC 24 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 199 EP 205 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01664-4 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01664-4 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700029 ER PT J AU Aoki, Y AF Aoki, Y TI Hadron spectrum for quenched domain-wall fermions with DBW2 gauge action SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID LATTICE; QCD AB We investigate basic physical quantities for quenched simulation with domain-wall fermions and the DBW2 gauge action. Masses and decay constant of pseudoscalar mesons are measured. Scaling properties are tested. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aoki, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 245 EP 247 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01677-2 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01677-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700042 ER PT J AU Lee, FX Leinweber, DB Zhou, L Zanotti, J Choe, S AF Lee, FX Leinweber, DB Zhou, L Zanotti, J Choe, S TI N* masses from an anisotropic lattice QCD action SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID BARYON AB We report N* masses in the spin-3/2 sector from a highly-improved anisotropic action. States with both positive and negative parity are isolated via a parity projection method. The extent to which spin projection is needed is examined. The gross features of the splittings from the nucleon ground state show a trend consistent with experimental results at the quark masses explored. C1 George Washington Univ, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Lee, FX (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI Choe, Seungho/B-1877-2008; Zanotti, James/H-8128-2012; Leinweber, Derek/J-6705-2013 OI Zanotti, James/0000-0002-3936-1597; Leinweber, Derek/0000-0002-4745-6027 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 248 EP 250 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01678-4 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01678-4 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700043 ER PT J AU Bardeen, W Duncan, A Eichten, E Isgur, N Thacker, H AF Bardeen, W Duncan, A Eichten, E Isgur, N Thacker, H TI Chiral loop effects in the quenched scalar isovector Meson propagator SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY AB The scalar isovector meson propagator is studied in quenched QCD. For the lightest quark masses used, this propagator is dominated by a quenched chiral loop effect associated with the eta'-pi two-meson intermediate state. Both the time dependence and the pion mass dependence of the effect are well-described by quenched chiral perturbation theory. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Bardeen, W (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 254 EP 256 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01680-2 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01680-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700045 ER PT J AU Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Lee, F Zhang, JB AF Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Lee, F Zhang, JB TI Quenched chiral behavior of hadrons with overlap fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID GAUGE-THEORIES; LATTICE; QCD AB We study the quenched chiral behavior of hadrons with the pseudoscalar mass as low as approximate to 280 MeV. We look for quenched chiral logs in the pion mass, determine the renormalized quark mass, and observe quenched artifacts in the a(0) and N* propagators. The calculation is done on a quenched lattice of size 20(4) and a = 0.148(2) fm using overlap fermions and an improved gauge action. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Dong, SJ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 275 EP 277 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01687-5 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01687-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700052 ER PT J AU Sasaki, S Blum, T Ohta, S Orginos, K AF Sasaki, S Blum, T Ohta, S Orginos, K CA RBC Collaboration TI Nucleon axial charge from quenched lattice QCD with domain wall fermions and improved gauge action SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY AB In our previous DWF calculation with the Wilson gauge action at beta = 6.0 (a(-1) similar or equal to 1.9 GeV) on a 16(3) x 32 x 16 lattice, we found that g(A) had a fairly strong dependence on the quark mass. A simple linear extrapolation of g(A) to the chiral limit yielded a value that was almost a factor of two smaller than the experimental one. Here we report our recent study of this issue. In particular, we investigate possible errors arising from finite lattice volume, especially in the lighter quark mass region. We employ a RG-improved gauge action (DBW2), which maintains very good chiral behavior even on a coarse lattice (a(-1) similar or equal to 1.3 GeV), in order to perform simulations at large physical volume (> (2fm)(3)). Our preliminary results suggest that the finite volume effect is significant. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, BNL Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Sasaki, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. OI Orginos, Kostas/0000-0002-3535-7865 NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 302 EP 304 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01695-4 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01695-4 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700060 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, T Fleming, GT Kilcup, G Gupta, R Lee, W Sharpe, S AF Bhattacharya, T Fleming, GT Kilcup, G Gupta, R Lee, W Sharpe, S TI Weak matrix elements for CP violation SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID OPERATORS AB We present preliminary results of matrix elements of four fermion operators relevant to the determination of e and epsilon'/epsilon using staggered fermions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bhattacharya, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-B285,Grp T-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; Fleming, George/L-6614-2013 OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 311 EP 313 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01698-X DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01698-X PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700063 ER PT J AU Blum, T AF Blum, T TI ImA(0), ImA(2), and epsilon ' from quenched lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY AB We present results for the imaginary parts of the I = 0 and 2 K --> pipi decay amplitudes, ImA(0,2), and the ratio of CP violation parameters, epsilon(1)/epsilon. Our calculation is done in the quenched approximation at a(-1 approximate to) 2 GeV, lattice size 16(3) x 32, using domain wall fermions with L-s = 16. We study the three flavor case (charm is not an active flavor) and find epsilon'/epsilon is small and slightly negative. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Blum, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013 OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 317 EP 319 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01700-5 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01700-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700065 ER PT J AU Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Lee, FX Zhang, JB AF Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Lee, FX Zhang, JB TI Pion decay constant, Z(A) and chiral log from overlap fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID LATTICE; SYMMETRY; QCD AB We report our calculation of the pion decay constant f(pi), the axial renormalization constant Z(A), and the quenched chiral logarithms from the overlap fermions. The calculation is done on a quenched 20(4) lattice at a = 0.148 fm using tree level tadpole improved gauge action. The smallest pion mass we reach is about 280 MeV. The lattice size is about 4 times the Compton wavelength of the lowest mass pion. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Dong, SJ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 341 EP 343 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01708-X DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01708-X PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700073 ER PT J AU Burch, T Orginos, K Toussaint, D AF Burch, T Orginos, K Toussaint, D TI Determining hybrid content of heavy quarkonia using lattice nonrelativistic QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY AB Using lowest-order lattice NRQCD to create heavy meson propagators and applying the spin-dependent interaction, c(B) -g/2m(q) sigma (.) (B) over right arrow , at varying intermediate time slices, we compute the off-diagonal matrix element of the Hamiltonian for the quarkonium-hybrid two-State system. Diagonalizing this two-state Hamiltonian, the admixture of hybrid (\Q (Q) over barg>) in the ground state is found. We present results from a set of quenched lattices with an interpolation in quark mass to match the bottomonium spectrum. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Burch, T (reprint author), BNL, RIKEN, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 382 EP 384 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01721-2 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01721-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700086 ER PT J AU Simone, JN Hashimoto, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Ryan, SM AF Simone, JN Hashimoto, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Ryan, SM TI The B -> D* lv form factor at zero recoil and the determination of vertical bar V-cb vertical bar SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; HEAVY AB We summarize our lattice QCD study of the form factor at zero recoil in the decay B --> D*lv. After careful consideration of all sources of systematic uncertainty, we find, h(A1), (1) = 0.913(-17-30)(+24+17), where the first uncertainty is from statistics and fitting while the second combined uncertainty is from all other systematic effects. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Appl Math, Dublin, Ireland. RP Simone, JN (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 394 EP 396 AR PII 0920-5632(01)01725-X DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01725-X PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700090 ER PT J AU Bernard, C Burch, T Datta, S DeGrand, T DeTar, C Gottlieb, S Heller, UM Orginos, K Sugar, R Toussaint, D AF Bernard, C Burch, T Datta, S DeGrand, T DeTar, C Gottlieb, S Heller, UM Orginos, K Sugar, R Toussaint, D TI Heavy-light decay constants with three dynamical flavors SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORIES; YANG-MILLS THEORY; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; QCD; FERMIONS; SCALE AB We present preliminary results for the heavy-light leptonic decay constants in the presence of three light dynamical flavors. We generate dynamical configurations with improved staggered and gauge actions and analyze them for heavy-light physics with tadpole improved clover valence quarks. When the scale is set by m(rho), we find an increase of approximate to 23% in f(B) with three dynamical flavors over the quenched case. Discretization errors appear to be small (less than or similar to3%) in the quenched case but have not yet been measured in the dynamical case. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Florida State Univ, SCRI, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. BNL, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bernard, C (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. OI Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584; DeTar, Carleton/0000-0002-0216-6771; Orginos, Kostas/0000-0002-3535-7865 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 412 EP 414 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01731-5 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01731-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700096 ER PT J AU Kogut, JB Sinclair, DK AF Kogut, JB Sinclair, DK TI Lattice QCD at finite isospin density. SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY AB We have simulated QCD at a finite chemical potential mu(I) for isospin (I-3) to probe part of the phase diagram for nuclear matter. Preliminary results suggest that for mu(I) > mu(c), this theory forms a charged pion condensate which spontaneously breaks I-3, and the isospin density is non zero. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kogut, JB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 444 EP 446 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01741-8 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01741-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700106 ER PT J AU Stephanov, MA AF Stephanov, MA TI Novel phenomena in high-density QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB This paper is a summary of Refs. [1,2]. We discuss QCD with two light quark flavors at large baryon chemical potential mu. We study the lightest excitations in this theory. We show that the infrared physics is described by a pure 2-color gluodynamics with large dielectric constant and exponentially soft confinement scale. We also show that at a shorter scale, associated with a light pseudoscalar excitation eta, QCD admits a long-living domain wall configuration. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stephanov, MA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 447 EP 449 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01742-X DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01742-X PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700107 ER PT J AU Dumitru, A Pisarski, RD AF Dumitru, A Pisarski, RD TI Test of the Polyakov loop model SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID QUARK AB We discuss the two point functions for the real and imaginary parts of the Polyakov loop in a pure SU(3) gauge theory. The behavior of these correlation functions in the Polyakov Loop Model is markedly different from that in perturbation theory. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dumitru, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 483 EP 485 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01754-6 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01754-6 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700119 ER PT J AU Gattringer, C Gockeler, M Rakow, PEL Schafer, A Soldner, W Wettig, T AF Gattringer, C Gockeler, M Rakow, PEL Schafer, A Soldner, W Wettig, T TI Lattice QCD at finite temperature: Evidence for calorons from the eigenvectors of the Dirac operator SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID INSTANTONS AB We analyze the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the staggered Dirac operator in quenched lattice QCD in the vicinity of the deconfinement phase transition using the Luscher-Weisz gauge action. The spectral and localization properties of the low-lying eigenmodes show characteristic differences between the Z(3) sectors above the critical temperature T-c. These findings can be interpreted in terms of calorons. C1 Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Yale Univ, Ctr Theoret Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gattringer, C (reprint author), Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 492 EP 494 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01757-1 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01757-1 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700122 ER PT J AU Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Isgur, N Lee, FX McCune, J Zhang, JB Thacker, HB AF Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Isgur, N Lee, FX McCune, J Zhang, JB Thacker, HB TI Topological charge fluctuations and low-lying Dirac eigenmodes SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID INSTANTONS AB We discuss the utility of low-lying Dirac eigenmodes for studying the nature of topological charge fluctuations in QCD. The implications of previous results using the local chirality histogram method are discussed, and the new results using the overlap Dirac operator in Wilson gauge backgrounds at lattice spacings ranging from a approximate to 0.04 fm to a approximate to 0.12 fm are reported. While the degree of local chirality does not change appreciably closer to the continuum limit, we find that the size and density of local structures responsible for chiral peaking do change significantly. The resulting values are in disagreement with the assumptions of the Instanton Liquid Model. We conclude that the fluctuations of topological charge in the QCD vacuum are not locally quantized. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Dong, SJ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 563 EP 565 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01778-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700143 ER PT J AU Duncan, A Eichten, E Thacker, H AF Duncan, A Eichten, E Thacker, H TI Unquenched studies using the truncated determinant algorithm SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID LATTICE QCD AB A truncated determinant algorithm is used to study the physical effects of the quark eigenmodes associated with eigenvalues below 420 MeV. This initial high statistics study focuses on coarse (6(4)) lattices (with O(a(2)) improved gauge action), light internal quark masses and large physical volumes. Three features of full QCD are examined: topological charge distributions, string breaking as observed in the static energy and the eta prime mass. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Duncan, A (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 572 EP 574 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01781-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700146 ER PT J AU Juge, KJ Kuti, J Morningstar, C AF Juge, KJ Kuti, J Morningstar, C TI The QCD string spectrum and conformal field theory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY AB The low energy excitation spectrum of the critical Wilson surface is discussed between the roughening transition and the continuum limit of lattice QCD. The fine structure of the spectrum is interpreted within the framework of two-dimensional conformal field theory. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Kuti, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Morningstar, Colin/N-6925-2014 OI Morningstar, Colin/0000-0002-0607-9923 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 691 EP 693 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01818-7 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01818-7 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700183 ER PT J AU Izubuchi, T Dawson, C AF Izubuchi, T Dawson, C TI Effects of extra Wilson fermions with large negative mass SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY AB We study effects of extra Wilson fermion with large negative mass coupled to domain-wall fermions (DWF) for improving the chiral properties. The relation between unwanted violation of the chiral symmetry and the translational invariant modes in the 5th direction is discussed in detail. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 748 EP 750 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01833-3 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01833-3 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700198 ER PT J AU Creutz, M Horvath, I Neuberger, H AF Creutz, M Horvath, I Neuberger, H TI A new fermion Hamiltonian for lattice gauge theory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID GINSPARG-WILSON RELATION; CHIRAL FERMIONS AB We formulate Hamiltonian vector-like lattice gauge theory using the overlap formula for the spatial fermionic part, H-f. we define a chiral charge, Q(5) which commutes with H-f, but not with the electric field term. There is an interesting relation between the chiral charge and the fermion energy with consequences for chiral anomalies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Creutz, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 BP 760 EP 762 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01836-9 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01836-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 529YW UT WOS:000174329700201 ER EF