FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sapirstein, J Cheng, KT AF Sapirstein, J Cheng, KT TI Determination of the two-loop Lamb shift in lithiumlike bismuth SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON SELF-ENERGY; 2P(1/2)-2S TRANSITION ENERGY; NUCLEAR RECOIL CORRECTIONS; MANY-BODY PROBLEM; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; VACUUM POLARIZATION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; HYDROGEN-LIKE; HEAVY ATOMS; ALPHA-Z AB The energy levels of lithiumlike bismuth are shown to be accurately described in a representation-independent manner when all diagrams involving one and two photons, with the exception of the two-loop Lamb shift, are evaluated. Comparison with the experimental value of the 2p(3/2)-2s(1/2) splitting then shows that, assuming three-photon effects are negligible, the contribution of the two-loop Lamb shift is 0.175(39) eV. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 022502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.022502 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 460FJ UT WOS:000170297300039 ER PT J AU Tannian, BE Stokely, CL Dunning, FB Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J AF Tannian, BE Stokely, CL Dunning, FB Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J TI Probing coordinates of Rydberg wave packets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HALF-CYCLE PULSES; IONIZATION; DYNAMICS; ATOMS AB We propose a method for determining the time development of the position coordinates of a Rydberg wave packet using the sudden turn-on of a strong field (a "field step"). The feasibility of the technique is investigated using wave packets created by a half cycle pulse (HCP) that comprise a superposition of very-high-lying Rydberg states. The time evolution of the wave packet is measured using probe pulses that are applied following a variable time delay. The probe pulse ionizes a fraction of the atoms and the survival probability exhibits pronounced oscillations that are associated with the quasiperiodic evolution of the wave packet. Good agreement is found between the experimental data and the results of classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulations. Extraction of classical phase space coordinates from the data is discussed. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Tannian, BE (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS 61,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 021404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.021404 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 460FJ UT WOS:000170297300007 ER PT J AU Aselage, TL Emin, D McCready, SS AF Aselage, TL Emin, D McCready, SS TI Conductivities and Seebeck coefficients of boron carbides: Softening bipolaron hopping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHONON-MEDIATED ATTRACTION; RICH SOLIDS; CONDENSATION; CONSTANTS; LIQUID AB The electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients of boron carbides B12+xC3-x with 0.06 less than or similar tox less than or similar to1.7 have been measured from 8 K to as high as 1750 K. At high temperature, the temperature dependence of the conductivities is Arrhenius and the activation energy, approximate to0.16 eV, is independent of the carbon concentration. The preexponential factors of the conductivity exhibit a nonmonotonic dependence on x, peaking near x=1. These results are consistent with a previously proposed model based on holes forming singlet bipolarons on the boron carbide B11C icosahedra. At low temperature, the boron carbide conductivities are non-Arrhenius with a temperature dependence that is a strong function of the composition x. This strong sensitivity to composition indicates that percolation effects, arising from boron carbides having carbon atoms in inequivalent locations, influence the conductivity at low temperature. With x holes per unit cell, boron carbides have very large Seebeck coefficients that depend only weakly on x. The magnitudes and temperature dependences of the Seebeck coefficients are consistent with large contributions from carrier-induced softening of local vibrations. Softening effects can be exceptionally large when singlet bipolarons are stabilized among degenerate electronic energy levels by their softening of symmetry-breaking vibrations: "softening bipolarons." The boron carbide transport properties are generally consistent with those expected of softening bipolarons. Finally, two high-temperature effects are observed in the boron carbide conductivities. The conductivities of samples having high carrier densities, x approximate to1, are suppressed above 700 K. This suppression can arise when the rapid hopping of nearby carriers disrupts the energy coincidence required for a carrier's hop. At even higher temperatures, a sharp increase in the boron carbide conductivities (sigma proportional toT(4)) suggests a radiation-induced excitation of mobile charge carriers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 40 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 AR 054302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.054302 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 459TF UT WOS:000170267000036 ER PT J AU Gapud, AA Wu, JZ Kang, BW AF Gapud, AA Wu, JZ Kang, BW TI Normal-state Hall effect in HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta and TlBa2CaCu2O7-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; EXCHANGE; ANGLE AB The normal-state Hall effect is studied in thin-film samples of the isomorphic pair of superconductors HaBa(2)CaCu(2)O(6-delta) (Hg-1212) and TlBa2CaCu2O7-delta (Tl-1212). A comparison of the slopes of inverse Hall mobility H cot theta (H)(T-2), together with a comparison of characteristic temperature T*/T-c below which there is a systematic deviation from T-2, suggests that Hg-1212 has twice the charge-carrier density of Tl-1212 for samples with close to optimal T-c. This is attributed to the significant role played by the redistribution of oxygen as a result of exchanging Hg and Tl cations. C1 Univ Philippines Los Banos, Inst Math Sci & Phys, Laguna, Philippines. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gapud, AA (reprint author), Univ Philippines Los Banos, Inst Math Sci & Phys, Laguna, Philippines. EM aag@physics.uplb.edu.ph OI Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 AR 052505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.052505 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 459TF UT WOS:000170267000019 ER PT J AU Hall, D Palm, EC Murphy, TP Tozer, SW Petrovic, C Miller-Ricci, E Peabody, L Li, CQH Alver, U Goodrich, RG Sarrao, JL Pagliuso, PG Wills, JM Fisk, Z AF Hall, D Palm, EC Murphy, TP Tozer, SW Petrovic, C Miller-Ricci, E Peabody, L Li, CQH Alver, U Goodrich, RG Sarrao, JL Pagliuso, PG Wills, JM Fisk, Z TI Electronic structure of CeRhIn5: de Haas-van Alphen and energy band calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB The de Haas-van Alphen effect and energy-band calculations are used to study angular-dependent extremal areas and effective masses of the Fermi surface of the highly correlated antiferromagnetic material CeRhIn5. The agreement between experiment and theory is reasonable for the areas measured with the field applied along the (100) axis of the tetragonal structure, but there is disagreement in size for the areas observed with the field applied along the (001) axis where the antiferromagnetic spin alignment is occurring. Detailed comparisons between experiment and theory are given. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Hall, Donavan/0000-0001-5036-5188 NR 16 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 AR 064506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.064506 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 462HE UT WOS:000170414000066 ER PT J AU Hatch, DM Lookman, T Saxena, A Stokes, HT AF Hatch, DM Lookman, T Saxena, A Stokes, HT TI Systematics of group-nonsubgroup transitions: Square to triangle transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; YBA2CU3O7; CRYSTALS; SYMMETRY; LATTICE AB A variety of structural transitions in nature do not involve a group-subgroup relationship. A two-dimensional example is the transition between a square lattice and a triangular lattice, which is known to occur in vortex lattices, Wigner crystals, skyrmion lattices, colloids, diblock copolymers, etc. A three-dimensional analog is the shock-induced BCC to HCP transition in iron. We develop a systematic technique that incorporates site symmetry and yields displacive transition mechanisms and free energy forms for such structural changes. This procedure is demonstrated for the square to triangle transition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Hatch, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 AR 060104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.060104 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 462HE UT WOS:000170414000004 ER PT J AU Kao, YJ Grest, GS Levin, K Brooke, J Rosenbaum, TF Aeppli, G AF Kao, YJ Grest, GS Levin, K Brooke, J Rosenbaum, TF Aeppli, G TI History-dependent phenomena in the transverse Ising ferroglass: The free-energy landscape SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-GLASS MODEL; SHERRINGTON-KIRKPATRICK MODEL; REPLICA-SYMMETRY-BREAKING; QUANTUM CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; FIELD; IRREVERSIBILITY; MAGNET; TRANSITIONS AB In this paper we investigate the relationship between glassy and ferromagnetic phases in disordered Ising ferromagnets in the presence of transverse magnetic fields, Gamma. Iterative mean-field simulations probe the free-energy landscape and suggest the existence of a glass transition as a function of Gamma which is distinct from the Curie temperature. Experimental field-cooled and zero-field-cooled data on LiHoxY1-xF4 provide support for our theoretical picture. Here as well we present a collection of theoretical predictions for future experiments. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Kao, Ying Jer/B-5297-2009 OI Kao, Ying Jer/0000-0002-3329-6018 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 AR 060402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.060402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 462HE UT WOS:000170414000006 ER PT J AU Kenzelmann, M Zheludev, A Raymond, S Ressouche, E Masuda, T Boni, P Kakurai, K Tsukada, I Uchinokura, K Coldea, R AF Kenzelmann, M Zheludev, A Raymond, S Ressouche, E Masuda, T Boni, P Kakurai, K Tsukada, I Uchinokura, K Coldea, R TI Spin waves and magnetic ordering in the quasi-one-dimensional S=1/2 antiferromagnet BaCu2Si2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-CHAIN; DYNAMICS; CA2CUO3; KCUF3 AB Elastic and inelastic neutron scattering were used to study the ordered phase of the quasi-one-dimensional spin-1/2 antiferromagnet BaCu2Si2O7. The previously proposed model for the low-temperature magnetic structure was confirmed. Spin-wave dispersion along several reciprocal-space directions was measured and interchain, as well as in-chain exchange constants were determined. A small gap in the spin-wave spectrum was observed and attributed to magnetic anisotropy effects. The results are discussed in comparison with existing theories for weakly coupled quantum spin chain antiferromagnets. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CEA Grenoble, DRFMC, SPSMS, MDN, F-38054 Grenoble, France. CENG, DRFMC, SPSMS, MDN, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Scattering Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Komae, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Kenzelmann, M (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 NR 18 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 AR 054422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.054422 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 459TF UT WOS:000170267000058 ER PT J AU Kim, SK Jeong, JR Kortright, JB Shin, SC AF Kim, SK Jeong, JR Kortright, JB Shin, SC TI Experimental observation of magnetically dead layers in Ni/Pt multilayer films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METALS; NI FILMS; FE; ANISOTROPY; CO; SURFACES; INTERFACES AB We report experimental evidence of the magnetically dead layers of Ni in sputter-grown Ni/Pt multilayers, studied with room-temperature magnetic circular dichroism and temperature-dependent superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The behavior of Curie temperature T-c vs Ni sublayer thickness x results in T-c = 0 at x = 4.0 Angstrom, indicating the existence of magnetically dead Ni layers. For a sample x = 2.2 Angstrom, no magnetic moment is observed within experimental error over the whole temperature range of 2 to 300 K. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Nanospin Spintron Mat, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SK (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RI Shin, Sung-Chul/C-1992-2011; Kim, Sang-Koog/J-4638-2014 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 AR 052406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.052406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 459TF UT WOS:000170267000011 ER PT J AU Kruis, HV Martin, I Balatsky, AV AF Kruis, HV Martin, I Balatsky, AV TI Impurity-induced resonant state in a pseudogap, state of a high-T-c superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; GAP; EXCITATIONS; DENSITY; SURFACE; PROBE AB We predict a resonance-impurity state generated by the substitution of one Cu atom with a nonmagnetic atom, such as Zn, in the pseudogap state of a high-T-c superconductor. The precise microscopic origin of the pseudogap is not important for this state to be formed, in particular this resonance will be present even in the absence of superconducting fluctuations in the normal state. In the presence of superconducting fluctuations, we predict the existence of a counterpart impurity peak on a symmetric bias. The nature of this impurity resonance is similar to the previously studied resonance in the d-wave superconducting state. C1 Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kruis, HV (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz, POB 9506, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 AR 054501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.054501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 459TF UT WOS:000170267000059 ER PT J AU Kuzovkov, VN Popov, AI Kotomin, EA Monge, MA Gonzalez, R Chen, Y AF Kuzovkov, VN Popov, AI Kotomin, EA Monge, MA Gonzalez, R Chen, Y TI Kinetics of nanocavity formation based on F-center aggregation in thermochemically reduced MgO single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INCLUDING ENERGETIC INTERACTIONS; STOCHASTIC APPROACH; IONIC SOLIDS; DIFFUSION AB The dynamics of interacting F centers resulting in F aggregates and nanocavities is modeled in thermochemically reduced Mao single crystals. We have recently shown that thermal annealing of thermochemically reduced Mao with an exceptionally high F-center concentration (6 x 10(18) cm(-3)) induces a brown coloration in the crystals, which was attributed to scattering from nanosize cavities with their walls plated with magnesium metal [Phys. Rev. B 62, 9299 (2000)]. In the present paper, a theory of the nanocavity formation process is developed based on diffusion-controlled aggregation of elastically interacting F centers and their annihilation at traps. We show that in contrast to the generally accepted viewpoint, the F centers in the bulk are not annealed out at the external sample surface but at internal defects, such as dislocations, subgrain boundaries, and impurities. The mutual attraction of the F centers is a key factor controlling the aggregation process. C1 Univ Latvia, Inst Solid State Phys, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. US DOE, Div Mat Sci, Off Basic Energy Sci, SC 13, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Kuzovkov, VN (reprint author), Univ Latvia, Inst Solid State Phys, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia. RI Kuzovkov, Vladimir/F-6809-2010; Dep Theor Physics, Computer Modeling/E-6336-2013; Kotomin, Eugene/B-8070-2013; Popov, Anatoli /E-8828-2010 OI Kotomin, Eugene/0000-0002-8122-6276; Popov, Anatoli /0000-0003-2795-9361 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 AR 064102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.064102 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 462HE UT WOS:000170414000019 ER PT J AU Lorenz, B Meng, RL Xue, YY Chu, CW AF Lorenz, B Meng, RL Xue, YY Chu, CW TI Thermoelectric power and transport properties of Mg1-xAlxB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB have measured the thermoelectric power S and resistivity rho of Mg1-xAlxB2. S is positive and increases linearly with temperature above the superconducting transition temperature T-c. Deviations from the linear dependence appear at higher temperature, T>T-0 approximate to 160 K. T-c and T-0 both decrease with Al doping whereas the slope of S(T) in the linear range increases with the Al content. The data are discussed in terms of doping-induced changes of the Fermi surface and the density of states at the Fermi level. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 19 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 AR 052513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.052513 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 459TF UT WOS:000170267000027 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Zimanyi, GT Scalettar, RT Hoffmann, A Schuller, IK AF Reichhardt, C Zimanyi, GT Scalettar, RT Hoffmann, A Schuller, IK TI Individual and multiple vortex pinning in systems with periodic pinning arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SQUARE LATTICE; BITTER DECORATION; ANTIDOT LATTICE; REGULAR ARRAY; MAGNETIC DOTS; FLUX PHASES; NI DOTS; NB FILM; CENTERS; SUPERCONDUCTOR AB We examine multiple and individual vortex pinning in thin superconductors with periodic pinning arrays. With simulations for multivortex pinning we observe peaks in the critical current of equal magnitude at every matching field, while for individual vortex pinning we observe a sharp drop in the critical current after the first matching field in agreement with experiments. We examine the scaling of the critical current at commensurate and incommensurate fields with simulations for varied pinning strength and show that the depinning force at the incommensurate fields decreases faster than at the commensurate fields. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys 0319, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 NR 26 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 AR 052503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.052503 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 459TF UT WOS:000170267000017 ER PT J AU Sato, T Kamiyama, T Takahashi, T Mesot, J Kaminski, A Campuzano, JC Fretwell, HM Takeuchi, T Ding, H Chong, I Terashima, T Takano, M AF Sato, T Kamiyama, T Takahashi, T Mesot, J Kaminski, A Campuzano, JC Fretwell, HM Takeuchi, T Ding, H Chong, I Terashima, T Takano, M TI Evidence for a hole-like Fermi surface of Bi2Sr2CuO6 from temperature-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; BAND; DISPERSION AB We report temperature-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on superstructure-free Bi1.80Pb0.38Sr2.01CuO6-delta (overdope, T-c<4 K) to study the topology of the Fermi surface. The temperature dependence of ARPES spectra unambiguously shows the existence of a dispersive band that crosses E-F along the (,0)-(pi,pi) cut, indicating a holelike Fermi surface centered at (pi,pi). We also found that the spectral intensity is strongly affected by k-dependent matrix elements but the spectral function itself suffers no photon-energy dependence. C1 Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. ETH Zurich, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. PSI Villigen, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Coll Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. Nagoya Univ, Dept Crystalline Mat Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji 6110011, Japan. RP Sato, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RI Takahashi, Takashi/E-5080-2010; Sato, Takafumi/E-5094-2010; Tohoku, Arpes/A-4890-2010 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 AR 054502 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 459TF UT WOS:000170267000060 ER PT J AU Sepliarsky, M Phillpot, SR Wolf, D Stachiotti, MG Migoni, RL AF Sepliarsky, M Phillpot, SR Wolf, D Stachiotti, MG Migoni, RL TI Long-ranged ferroelectric interactions in perovskite superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS AB Atomistic simulations show that there are long-ranged ferroelectric interactions between the ferroelectric layers in ferroelectric/paraelectric superlattices mediated by continuous chains of polarization running through the intervening paraelectric layers. The resulting behavior of the superlattice is strongly dependent on the modulation length. At short modulation lengths the superlattice acts as a single-component system; at long modulation lengths the individual ferroelectric layers act almost independently. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Nacl Rosario, CONICET, IFIR, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. RP Sepliarsky, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012 NR 11 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 AR 060101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.060101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 462HE UT WOS:000170414000001 ER PT J AU Vekhter, I Hirschfeld, PJ Nicol, EJ AF Vekhter, I Hirschfeld, PJ Nicol, EJ TI Thermodynamics of d-wave superconductors in a magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; QUASI-PARTICLE SPECTRUM; DENSITY-OF-STATES; SPIN-LATTICE-RELAXATION; MIXED-STATE; VORTEX STATE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ANISOTROPIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS AB We investigate the thermodynamic properties of a two-dimensional d-wave superconductor in the vortex state using a semiclassical approach, and argue that such an approach is valid for the analysis of the experimental data on high-temperature superconductors. We develop a formalism where the spatial average of a physical quantity is written as an integral over the probability density of the Doppler shift, and evaluate this probability density for several model cases. The approach is then used to analyze the behavior of the specific heat and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-lattice relaxation rate in a magnetic field. We compare our results with the experimental measurements, and explain the origin of the discrepancy between the results from different groups. We also address the observability of the recently predicted fourfold oscillations of the specific heat for the magnetic field parallel to the copper oxide planes. We consider both the orbital and the Zeeman effects, and conclude that at experimentally relevant temperatures Zeeman splitting does not appreciably reduce the anisotropy, although it does change the field dependence of the anisotropic specific heat. We predict a scaling law for the nonexponentially decaying NMR magnetization, and discuss different approaches to the effective relaxation rate. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vekhter@viking.lanl.gov RI Hirschfeld, Peter /A-6402-2010; Vekhter, Ilya/M-1780-2013 NR 81 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 AR 064513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.064513 PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 462HE UT WOS:000170414000073 ER PT J AU von Zimmermann, M Nelson, CS Kim, YJ Hill, JP Gibbs, D Nakao, H Wakabayashi, Y Murakami, Y Tokura, Y Tomioka, Y Arima, T Kao, CC Casa, D Venkataraman, C Gog, T AF von Zimmermann, M Nelson, CS Kim, YJ Hill, JP Gibbs, D Nakao, H Wakabayashi, Y Murakami, Y Tokura, Y Tomioka, Y Arima, T Kao, CC Casa, D Venkataraman, C Gog, T TI Resonant x-ray-scattering study of octahedral tilt ordering in LaMnO3 and Pr1-xCaxMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID JAHN-TELLER TRANSITION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC ORDER; PEROVSKITES; CHARGE; MANGANITES; LA0.5SR1.5MNO4; INTERPLAY AB We report an x-ray-scattering study of octahedral tilt ordering in the manganite series Pr1-xCaMnO3 with x = 0.4 and 0.25 and in LaMnO3. The sensitivity to tilt ordering is achieved by tuning the incident x-ray energy to the L-I, L-II, and L-III absorption edges of Pr and La, respectively. The resulting energy-dependent profiles are characterized by a dipole-resonant peak and higher-energy fine structure. The polarization dependence is predominantly sigma to pi and the azimuthal dependence follows a sin-squared behavior. These results are similar to those obtained in recent x-ray-scattering studies of orbital ordering carried out in these same materials at the Mn K edge. They lead to a description of the cross section in terms of Templeton scattering in which the tilt ordering breaks the symmetry at the rare-earth site. The most interesting result of the present work is our observation that octahedral tilt ordering persists above the orbital ordering transition temperatures in all three samples. Indeed, we identify separate structural transitions which may be associated with the onset of orbital and tilt ordering, respectively, and characterize the loss of tilt ordering versus temperature in LaMnO3. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Mat Struct Sci, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. JRCAT, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050046, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, CMC CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP von Zimmermann, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011; Wakabayashi, Yusuke/F-1621-2010; Arima, Taka-hisa/G-9217-2012; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016 OI Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895; Wakabayashi, Yusuke/0000-0003-3107-0338; NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 AR 064411 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 462HE UT WOS:000170414000042 ER PT J AU Zhu, W Sinkovic, B Vescovo, E Tanaka, C Moodera, JS AF Zhu, W Sinkovic, B Vescovo, E Tanaka, C Moodera, JS TI Spin-resolved density of states at the surface of NiMnSb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNETS; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; POLARIZATION; PTMNSB; FILMS AB Spin-resolved photoemission measurements from polycrystalline NiMnSb films reveal spin-resolved density of states which are in qualitative agreement with local spin density functional band structure calculations [Phys. Rev. B 51, 10 436 (1995)]. The polarization of electrons close to the Fermi level is however found to be at most 40%, in contrast to the predicted half-metallic behavior. This discrepancy is attributed to lower remnant magnetization of the surface region and/or the presence of other phases. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Francis Bitter Natl Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Zhu, W (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, 2152 Hillside Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 AR 060403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.060403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 462HE UT WOS:000170414000007 ER PT J AU Blanpied, G Blecher, M Caracappa, A Deininger, R Djalali, C Giordano, G Hicks, K Hoblit, S Khandaker, M Kistner, OC Kuczewski, A Lincoln, F Lowry, M Lucas, M Matone, G Miceli, L Preedom, BM Rebreyend, D Sandorfi, AM Schaerf, C Sealock, RM Stroher, H Thorn, CE Thornton, ST Tonnison, J Whisnant, CS Zhang, H Zhao, X AF Blanpied, G Blecher, M Caracappa, A Deininger, R Djalali, C Giordano, G Hicks, K Hoblit, S Khandaker, M Kistner, OC Kuczewski, A Lincoln, F Lowry, M Lucas, M Matone, G Miceli, L Preedom, BM Rebreyend, D Sandorfi, AM Schaerf, C Sealock, RM Stroher, H Thorn, CE Thornton, ST Tonnison, J Whisnant, CS Zhang, H Zhao, X CA LEGS Collaboration TI N ->Delta transition and proton polarizabilities from measurements of p((gamma)over-right-arrow,gamma), p((gamma)over-right-arrow,pi(0)), and p((gamma)over-right-arrow,pi(+)) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Review ID PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; SINGLE-PION-PHOTOPRODUCTION; DELTA-RESONANCE REGION; COHERENT PI(0) PHOTOPRODUCTION; T DISPERSION-RELATIONS; COMPTON-SCATTERING; DELTA(1232) REGION; POLARIZED PHOTONS; ENERGY-RANGE; E2/M1 RATIO AB We report new high-precision measurements of p(<()over right arrow>,gamma), p(<()over right arrow>,pi (o)) and p(<()over right arrow>,pi (+)) cross section and beam asymmetry angular distributions for photon beam energies in the range from 213 MeV to 333 MeV. The cross sections for all three channels are locked together with a small common systematic scale uncertainty of 2%. A large overdetermination of kinematic parameters was used to achieve the first complete separation of the Compton scattering and pi (o)-production channels. This has also allowed all detector efficiencies for the p(<()over right arrow>,gamma) and p(<()over right arrow>,pi (o)) channels to be measured directly from the data itself without resorting to simulations. The new Compton results are approximately 30% higher than previous Bonn data near the peak of the Delta resonance, resolving a long-standing unitarity puzzle. However, our p(<()over right arrow>,pi (o)) and p(<()over right arrow>,pi (+)) cross sections are also about 10% higher than both earlier Bonn data and recent Mainz measurements, while our p(<()over right arrow>,pi (+)) cross sections are in good agreement with results from Tokyo. Our polarization asymmetry data are of the highest precision yet available and have considerable impact upon multipole analyses. These new data have been combined with other polarization ratios in a simultaneous analysis of both Compton scattering and pi production, with Compton scattering providing two new constraints on the photopion amplitude, This analysis has improved the accuracy in the E2/M1 mixing ratio for the N-->Delta transition, EMR = -[3.07+/-0.26(stat+syst)+/-0.24(model)](%), and the corresponding N-->Delta transverse helicity amplitudes, A(1/2)= -[135.7+/-1.3(stat+syst) +/- 3.7(model)](10(-3) GeV-1/2) and A(3/2)=-[266.9+/-1.6(stat+syst) +/-7.8(model)](10(-3) GeV-1/2). From these we deduce an oblate spectroscopic deformation for the Delta (+). The same simultaneous analysis has been used to extract the proton dipole polarizabilities, <()over bar>-<()over bar>= +[10.39 +/- 1.77( stat + syst) (+1.02)(-1.87)(model)](10(-4) fm(3)) in agreement with previous low energy measurements, and <()over bar>+<()over bar>=+[13.25+/-0.86(stat+syst) (+0.23)(-0.58)(model)](10(-4) fm(3)) in agreement with recent evaluations of the Baldin sum rule. Our simultaneous analysis has also provided the first determination of the proton spin polarizabilities, gamma (pi)=-[27.23+/-2.27(stat+syst) (+2,24)(-2.10) (model)](10(-4) fm(4)), gamma (o)=-[1.55 +/-0.15(stat+syst) (+0.03)(-0.03)(model)](10(-4) fm(4)) gamma (13) = + [3.94 +/- 0.53(stat + syst) (+0.20)(-0.18)(model)](10(-4) fm(4)), and gamma (14) = -[2.20 +/- 0.27(stat + syst) (+0.05)(-0.09)(model)](10(-4) fm(4)). The extracted value of the backward spin polarizability, gamma (pi) is considerably different from other analyses and this has been instrumental in bringing the value of <()over bar> - <()over bar> extracted from high energy data into agreement with low energy experiments. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 2, Rome, Italy. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sandorfi@bnl.gov NR 129 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 025203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.025203 PG 57 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 462TR UT WOS:000170436300049 ER PT J AU Caggiano, JA Bazin, D Benenson, W Davids, B Ibbotson, R Scheit, H Sherrill, BM Steiner, M Yurkon, J Zeller, AF Blank, B Chartier, M Greene, J Nolen, JA Wuosmaa, AH Bhattacharya, M Garcia, A Wiescher, M AF Caggiano, JA Bazin, D Benenson, W Davids, B Ibbotson, R Scheit, H Sherrill, BM Steiner, M Yurkon, J Zeller, AF Blank, B Chartier, M Greene, J Nolen, JA Wuosmaa, AH Bhattacharya, M Garcia, A Wiescher, M TI Spectroscopy of Al-23 and P-27 using the (Li-7, He-8) reaction and the implications for Na-22 and Al-26 nucleosynthesis in explosive hydrogen burning SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; CLASSICAL NOVAE; WHITE-DWARF; RP-PROCESS; STATES; OUTBURSTS; SEQUENCES; EMISSION; RUNAWAY; LINE AB The proton-rich nuclei Al-23 and P-27 were studied using the Mg-24(Li-7,He-8)Al-23 and Si-28(Li-7, He-8) P-27 reactions. respectively. Several energy levels are observed in each nucleus. The mass excess of Al-23 was measured to be 6.773(28) MeV and the mass excess of P-27 was measured to be - 0.670(41) MeV. The first excited state of Al-23 has been resolved from the ground state for the first time at an excitation energy of E-x=0.550(20) MeV. The first excited state of P-27 has been measured for the first time at an excitation energy of E-x = 1.199(19) MeV. The astrophysical implications of these results for the reaction rates of Mg-22(p, gamma) Al-23 and Si-26(p, gamma) P-27 for the nucleosynthesis of Na-22 and Al-26 in Ne novae will be discussed. C1 Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Caggiano, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Sherrill, Bradley/B-4098-2009; Sherrill, Bradley/B-3378-2011; Scheit, Heiko/B-4779-2008; OI Scheit, Heiko/0000-0002-8937-1101; Garcia, Alejandro/0000-0001-6056-6645 NR 41 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 025802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.025802 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 462TR UT WOS:000170436300052 ER PT J AU Chasman, RR AF Chasman, RR TI Very extended nuclear shapes near A=100 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT FORCES; EQUILIBRIUM SHAPES; SPIN; FISSION; REGION; BANDS AB The very-high-spin states of nuclei near A = 100 are investigated using the cranked Strutinsky method. Many very extended shape minima are found in this mass region, and their properties are tabulated. RP Chasman, RR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 024311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.024311 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 462TR UT WOS:000170436300024 ER PT J AU Garrett, PE Lehmann, H Jolie, J McGrath, CA Yeh, MF Younes, W Yates, SW AF Garrett, PE Lehmann, H Jolie, J McGrath, CA Yeh, MF Younes, W Yates, SW TI Properties of Cd-112 from the (n,n 'gamma) reaction: Levels and level densities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INTERACTING BOSON MODEL; PARTICLE-HOLE EXCITATIONS; GAMMA-STRENGTH FUNCTION; MIXED-SYMMETRY STATES; VIBRATIONAL NUCLEI; SHAPE COEXISTENCE; FUSION REACTIONS; CD NUCLEI; SPECTRA; SCATTERING AB Levels in Cd-112 have been studied through the (n,n'gamma) reaction with monoenergetic neutrons. An extended set of experiments that included excitation functions. gamma -ray angular distributions, and gamma gamma coincidence measurements was performed. A total of 375 gamma rays were placed in a level scheme comprising 200 levels (of which 238 gamma -ray assignments and 58 levels are newly established) up to 4 MeV in excitation. No evidence to support the existence of 47 levels as suggested in previous studies was found, and these have been removed from the level scheme. From the results, a comparison of the level density is made with the constant temperature and back-shifted Fermi gas models. The back-shifted Fermi gas model with the Gilbert-Cameron spin cutoff parameter provided the best overall fit. Without using the neutron resonance information and only fitting the cumulative number of low-lying levels, the level density parameters extracted are a sensitive function of the maximum energy used in the fit. C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Fribourg, Inst Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. RP Garrett, PE (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RI McGrath, Christopher/E-8995-2013 NR 86 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 024316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.024316 PG 27 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 462TR UT WOS:000170436300029 ER PT J AU Glendenning, NK AF Glendenning, NK TI Uncertainty of hyperon couplings and the electrochemical potential in neutron star matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID STRANGE PARTICLES; DENSE MATTER; HYPERNUCLEI; LAMBDA; EQUATION AB Uncertainty of the hyperon couplings, in particular, that of the Sigma-, in dense matter raises the question of the behavior of the electrochemical potential in neutron star matter, which is crucial to the possible presence of the kaon condensed phase. We show that regardless of this uncertainty, the A hyperon, whose coupling can be constrained by its binding in nuclear matter and other observations, by itself, or also aided by the Xi (-), introduces a saturation of the electrochemical potential just as the Sigma (-) would otherwise do, which tends to mitigate against kaon condensation. The maximum possible mass of neutron stars appears to be similar to (1.5-1.7)M-. independent of the uncertainties, the limit being imposed by any one of hyperonization, deconfinement, or kaon condensation. Interestingly, such a limit is barely higher than the Chandrasekhar limit on the iron core mass of presupernova stars. This leaves a very small mass window for the existence of neutron stars, for the occurrence of supernovas, and therefore for a universe containing heavy elements and at least one planet with life. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glendenning, NK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70-319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 025801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.025801 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 462TR UT WOS:000170436300051 ER PT J AU Hasan, MA Vary, JP Lee, TSH AF Hasan, MA Vary, JP Lee, TSH TI Medium-mass nuclei with Delta excitations under compression SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MESON-EXCHANGE CALCULATION; FINITE NUCLEI; LIGHT-NUCLEI; NN; SCATTERING; COMPONENTS; MODELS AB The ground state properties of Zr-90, Sn-100, and Sn-132 at equilibrium and at large amplitude compression are investigated. We use a realistic effective baryon-baryon Hamiltonian that includes N-N, N-Delta, and Delta-Delta interactions. We per-form the calculations in no-core model spaces within the framework of the constrained spherical Hartree-Fock approximation. We specifically investigate the sensitivity to the sizes of the nucleon and Delta model spaces, At equilibrium. we find no case of mixing between nucleons and Delta 's in our largest model space of eight major nucleon shells plus 16 Delta orbitals. On the contrary, there is mixing in 90Zr, and Sn-132 in the smaller model space of seven major nucleon shells plus eight Delta orbitals. Expanding the nucleon model space has a larger effect on reducing the static compression modulus and softening the nuclear equation of state than increasing the number of Delta states. Most of the excitation energy delivered to the system during compression is employed by two nuclei with a neutron excess (i.e., Zr-90, Sn-132) to create massive Delta resonances. On the other hand, in the Sn-100 nucleus most of the excitation energy goes to a simple reduction in the binding, suggesting a suppressed role for the Delta states. Under extreme compression, at a density 2-3 times the normal nuclear density, the excitation of nucleons to Delta 's increases sharply up to 10% of the total number of constituents. At fixed excitation energy under compression, the number of Delta excitations is not dependent on the number of Delta states over the range studied. The Delta -excitation results are consistent with heavy-ion collision data, and suggest an important mean field mechanism for subthreshold pion production in particle-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. C1 Int Inst Theoret & Appl Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Appl Sci Univ, Amman, Jordan. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hasan, MA (reprint author), Appl Sci Univ, Amman, Jordan. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 024306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.024306 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 462TR UT WOS:000170436300019 ER PT J AU Hecht, MB Roberts, CD Schmidt, SM AF Hecht, MB Roberts, CD Schmidt, SM TI Neutron electric dipole moment: Constituent dressing and compositeness SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; PION LOOP CONTRIBUTION; QCD SUM-RULES; CHARGE-RADIUS; QUARK PROPAGATOR; BARYON STRUCTURE; LATTICE QCD; MESON; NUCLEON; DIQUARK AB Contributions to the neutron's electric dipole moment (EDM), d(n), are calculated using a well-constrained ansatz for the nucleon's Poincare covariant Fadde'ev amplitude. The momentum-dependent quark dressing amplifies the contribution from the current-quarks' EDMs, and dressed-quark confinement and binding make distinguishable the effect of the two CP and T violating interactions: i gamma (5)sigma (mu nu)(p(1)-p(2))(nu) and gamma (5)(p(1) + p(2))(mu), where p(1.2) are the current-quarks' momenta. The value of \d(n)\ obtained using the current-quark EDMs generated by a minimal three Higgs doublet model of spontaneous CP violation is close to the current experimental upper bound. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tubingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Hecht, MB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 72 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 025204 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 462TR UT WOS:000170436300050 ER PT J AU Kelsall, NS Wadsworth, R Wilson, AN Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Clark, RM Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Svensson, CE Vincent, SM Frauendorf, S Sheikh, JA Ball, GC AF Kelsall, NS Wadsworth, R Wilson, AN Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Clark, RM Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Svensson, CE Vincent, SM Frauendorf, S Sheikh, JA Ball, GC TI Consequences of neutron-proton pairing correlations for the rotational motion of the N=Z nucleus Kr-72 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ALIGNMENT; T=0; SYMMETRY; REGION; MODEL; BANDS AB High-spin states in the N = Z nucleus Kr-72 were populated using the Ca-40(Ar-36,2p2n) reaction at a beam energy of 145 MeV. The yrast band has been observed up to a tentative spin of 20 (h) over bar. Nonyrast rotational structures have also been observed for the first time. The alignment of g(9/2) protons and neutrons in the yrast band is observed to be significantly delayed relative to the heavier even-even Kr isotopes. Exact deformed cranked shell model calculations suggest that this could be due to the combined effect of isovector (T = 1) and isoscalar (T = 0) neutron-proton pairing correlations. C1 Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Rossendorf Inc, Res Ctr, IKHP, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85747 Garching, Germany. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Kelsall, NS (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 024309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.024309 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 462TR UT WOS:000170436300022 ER PT J AU Li, Y Liou, MK Timmermans, RGE Gibson, BF AF Li, Y Liou, MK Timmermans, RGE Gibson, BF TI Reply to "Comment on 'Noncoplanarity effects in proton-proton bremsstrahlung' " SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Letter AB We respond to the Comment by Huisman and Kalantar-Nayestanaki [Phys. Rev. C 64, 029801 (2001)]. In particular, we point out that the proposal to present noncoplanar proton-proton bremsstrahlung data as squared matrix elements involves unresolved theoretical problems. C1 CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Inst Nucl Theory, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, Theory Grp, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 029802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.029802 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 462TR UT WOS:000170436300067 ER PT J AU Mertzimekis, TJ Benczer-Koller, N Holden, J Jakob, G Kumbartzki, G Speidel, KH Ernst, R Macchiavelli, A McMahan, M Phair, L Maier-Komor, P Pakou, A Vincent, S Korten, W AF Mertzimekis, TJ Benczer-Koller, N Holden, J Jakob, G Kumbartzki, G Speidel, KH Ernst, R Macchiavelli, A McMahan, M Phair, L Maier-Komor, P Pakou, A Vincent, S Korten, W TI First measurements of g factors in the even Kr isotopes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INTERACTING BOSON MODEL; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; NUCLEI; DEPENDENCE; STATES; N=Z AB The g factors of the 2(1)(+) and 4(1)(+) states in Kr-78,Kr-80,Kr-82,Kr-84,Kr-86 have been measured for the first time, using Coulomb excitation of isotopic Kr beams and the transient field technique. The measured g factors of 2(1)(+) states in Kr-78,Kr-80,Kr-82 are well described, in both magnitude and progression with neutron number, by the IBA-II model. Whereas the lighter isotopes show a dominant collective structure with g factor values close to Z/A, the large g(2(1)(+)) = 1.12(14) value of Kr-86, with its closed N = 50 shell, is unequivocally dominated by specific proton configurations. The g factor of the 2(1)(+) state in Kr-84, with two holes in the 1g(9/2) neutron orbit, reflects both proton and neutron components in the wave function. In addition, the lifetimes of several 2(1)(+) and 4(1)(+) states were remeasured by the Doppler shift attenuation method, yielding values which, in some cases, differ from those in the literature. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Mertzimekis, TJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RI KORTEN, Wolfram/H-3043-2013; Mertzimekis, Theo/A-3287-2008 OI Mertzimekis, Theo/0000-0001-9191-7903 NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 024314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.024314 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 462TR UT WOS:000170436300027 ER PT J AU Zeitlin, C Fukumura, A Heilbronn, L Iwata, Y Miller, J Murakami, T AF Zeitlin, C Fukumura, A Heilbronn, L Iwata, Y Miller, J Murakami, T TI Fragmentation cross sections of 600 MeV/nucleon Ne-20 on elemental targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE COULOMB SCATTERING; NICKEL PROJECTILES; RELATIVISTIC NEON; HYDROGEN; NUCLEI; MODEL AB Charge-changing and fragment production cross sections have been obtained for interactions of a 600 MeV/nucleon neon beam in H, C Al. Cu. Sn. Ta. and Ph targets. The H target results were obtained using a polyethylene target and subtracting the cross sections obtained with the carbon target. At 600 MeV/nucleon, the angular distributions of the fragments are strongly forward peaked, and consequently the spectra seen in the detectors with the largest angular acceptance-corresponding to a forward cone with half angle 7 degrees -show obvious fragment peaks only for charges 5 through 9. No clear peaks are seen below charge 5 in the large-acceptance detectors, but spectra from detectors subtending smaller angular acceptances show peaks for all fragment species, and additional identifiable peaks from events with between two and four fragments in coincidence. Production cross sections for all fragment species are reported here and, where possible, compared to earlier measurements and to the predictions of three model calculations (Nucfrg2, Qmsfrg, and an empirical parametrization that is tuned for higher-mass beams). The cross sections for fragments of charge 5 and below have not been previously reported. Also, the charge-changing cross sections are compared to earlier measurements and to Nucfrg2 and the Bradt-Peters model. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 260, Japan. RP Zeitlin, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 74-197, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cjzeitlin@lbl.gov RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 25 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 024902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.024902 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 462TR UT WOS:000170436300045 ER PT J AU Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Astur, R Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cochran, J Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Davis, GA Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Doulas, S Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Duensing, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Fleuret, F Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gilmartin, R Ginther, G Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Graham, G Grannis, PD Green, JA Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hou, S Huang, Y Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jerger, SA Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Martin, RD Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Meng, XC Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M da Motta, H Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Neal, HA Negret, JP Negroni, S Norman, D Nunnemann, T Oesch, L Oguri, V Olivier, B Oshima, N Padley, P Pan, LJ Papageorgiou, K Para, A Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Patwa, A Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pope, BG Popkov, E Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramberg, E Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Rha, J Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Sen, N Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Thompson, J Toback, D Tripathi, SM Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM van Gemmeren, P Vaniev, V Van Kooten, R Varelas, N Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, H Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Whiteson, D Wightman, JA Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Wood, DR Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yip, K Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Z Zanabria, M Zheng, H Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Astur, R Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cochran, J Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Davis, GA Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Doulas, S Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Duensing, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Fleuret, F Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gilmartin, R Ginther, G Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Graham, G Grannis, PD Green, JA Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hou, S Huang, Y Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jerger, SA Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Martin, RD Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Meng, XC Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M da Motta, H Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Neal, HA Negret, JP Negroni, S Norman, D Nunnemann, T Oesch, L Oguri, V Olivier, B Oshima, N Padley, P Pan, LJ Papageorgiou, K Para, A Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Patwa, A Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pope, BG Popkov, E Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramberg, E Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Rha, J Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Sen, N Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Thompson, J Toback, D Tripathi, SM Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM van Gemmeren, P Vaniev, V Van Kooten, R Varelas, N Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, H Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Whiteson, D Wightman, JA Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Wood, DR Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yip, K Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Z Zanabria, M Zheng, H Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA DO Collaboration TI High-p(T) jets in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=630 and 1800 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIJET ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; = 1.8 TEV; TOTAL CROSS-SECTION; GLOBAL QCD ANALYSIS; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QUARK COMPOSITENESS; PARTICLE PHYSICS; ORDER ALPHA-S(3); HADRON COLLIDERS AB Results are presented from analyses of jet data produced in p (p) over bar collisions at roots=630 and 1800 GeV collected with the D empty set detector during the 1994-1995 Fermilab Tevatron Collider run. We discuss the details of detector calibration, and jet selection criteria in measurements of various jet production cross sections at roots = 630 and 1800 GeV. The inclusive jet cross sections, the dijet mass spectrum, the dijet angular distributions, and the ratio of inclusive jet cross sections at roots = 630 and 1800 Gev are compared to next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. The order alpha (3)(s) calculations are in good agreement wit the data. We also use the data at roots = 1800 GeV to rule out models of quark compositeness with a contact interaction scale less than 2.2 TeV at the 95% confidence level. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ, Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Sci Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, Grenoble, France. Univ Mediterranee, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. CEA, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai, India. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. FOM, Inst NIKHEF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abbott, B (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RI Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Peters, Michael/B-4973-2009; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016 OI Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117 NR 80 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 032003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.032003 PG 69 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 459RN UT WOS:000170265300003 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromber, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJeongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, R Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Tronconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromber, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJeongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, R Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Tronconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID = 1.8 TEV; LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; DEUTERON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; PROTON-ANTIPROTON COLLIDER; HIGHER-ORDER CORRECTIONS; CERN PBARP COLLIDER; DIJET ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; MASS MULTIJET EVENTS; SPS PPBAR COLLIDER AB We present results from the measurement of the inclusive jet cross section for jet transverse energies front 40 to 465 GeV in the pseudorapidity range 0.1<\\<0.7. The results are based on 87 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF Collaboration at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The data are consistent with previously published results. The data are also consistent with QCD predictions given the flexibility allowed from current knowledge of the proton parton distributions. We develop a new procedure for ranking the agreement of the parton distributions with data and find that the data are best described by QCD predictions using the parton distribution functions which have a large gluon contribution at high E-T (CTEQ4HJ). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Affolder, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399 NR 116 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 032001 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 459RN UT WOS:000170265300001 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, R Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYR Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, R Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYR Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TOP-QUARK PRODUCTION; ALPHA-S CALCULATION; COLLIDER DETECTOR; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; FINAL-STATES; EVENTS; CDF; FERMILAB; ORDER AB We update the measurement of the t (t) over bar production cross section using the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. This measurement uses t (t) over bar decays to the final states e + nu + jets and mu + nu + jets. We search for b quarks from t decays via secondary-vertex identification or the identification of semileptonic decays of the b and cascade c quarks. The background to the t (t) over bar production is determined primarily through a Monte Carlo simulation. However, we calibrate the simulation and evaluate its uncertainty using several independent data samples. For a top quark mass of 175 GeV/c(2), we measure sigma (t (t) over bar)-=5.1 +/- 1.5 pb and sigma (t (t) over bar)=9.2 +/- 4.3 pb using the secondary vertex and the lepton tagging algorithms, respectively. Finally, we combine these results with those from other t (t) over bar decay channels and obtain sigma (t (t) over bar)-= 6.5 (+1.7)(-1.4)pb. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Affolder, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015 OI Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133 NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 032002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.072002 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 459RN UT WOS:000170265300002 ER PT J AU Ent, R Keppel, CE Niculescu, I AF Ent, R Keppel, CE Niculescu, I TI Reply to "Comment on 'Nucleon elastic form factors and local duality' " SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Letter ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC STRUCTURE; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; SCATTERING; PROTON AB Recently, we extracted [Phys. Rev. D 62, 073008 (2000)] the proton magnetic form factor from duality-averaging purely inelastic nucleon resonance data. The point stressed by Simula is that this extraction at larger values of momentum transfer is dominated by an unconstrained kinematic region. We will show at which momentum transfers this point is relevant, and argue the need for additional precise nucleon resonance data. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Ent, R (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 038302 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 459RN UT WOS:000170265300064 ER PT J AU Faber, M Greensite, J Olejnik, S AF Faber, M Greensite, J Olejnik, S TI Remarks on the Gribov problem in the direct maximal center gauge SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID YANG-MILLS THEORY; CENTER VORTICES; P-VORTICES; SU(2); PROJECTION; VACUUM AB We review the equivalence of maximal center gauge fixing to the problem of finding the best fit. to a given lattice gauge field, by a thin vortex configuration. This fit is necessarily worst at the location of P plaquettes. We then compare the fits achieved in Gribov copies generated by (i) over-relaxation, (ii) over-relaxation after Landau gauge preconditioning, and (iii) simulated annealing. Simulated annealing yields the best fit if all links on the lattice are included but the situation changes if we consider only the lattice volume exterior to P plaquettes. In this exterior region, the fit is best for Gribov copies generated by over-relaxation. and worst for Gribov copies generated after Landau gauge preconditioning. The two fitting criteria (including or not including the P plaquettes) yield string tensions differing by -34% to +20%, respectively, relative to the full string tension. Our usual procedure ("quenched minimization") seems to be a compromise between these criteria, and yields string tensions at an intermediate value close to the full string tension. C1 Tech Univ Vienna, Inst Atom, Arbeitsgrp Kernphys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, SK-84228 Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Faber, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Vienna, Inst Atom, Arbeitsgrp Kernphys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM faber@kph.tuwien.ac.at; greensit@quark.sfsu.edu; fyziolej@savba.sk RI Olejnik, Stefan/C-6145-2008 OI Olejnik, Stefan/0000-0002-0910-7125 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 034511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.034511 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 459RN UT WOS:000170265300040 ER PT J AU Fleming, S Rothstein, IZ Leibovich, AK AF Fleming, S Rothstein, IZ Leibovich, AK TI Power counting and effective field theory for charmonium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID OCTET QUARKONIA PRODUCTION; FERMILAB-TEVATRON; HEAVY QUARKONIUM; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; PSI' POLARIZATION; B-DECAY; GLUON FRAGMENTATION; QCD ANALYSIS; J/PSI; NRQCD AB We hypothesize that the correct power counting for charmonia is in the parameter A(QCD)/m(c), but is not based purely on dimensional analysis (as is heavy quark effective theory). This power counting leads to predictions which differ from those resulting from the usual velocity power counting rules of non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD). In particular, we show that while A(QCD)/m(c), power counting preserves the empirically verified predictions of spin symmetry in decays, it also leads to new predictions which include a hierarchy between spin singlet and triplet octet matrix elements in the J/psi system, a quenching of the net polarization in production at large transverse momentum, and no end point enhancement in radiative decays. We discuss explicit tests which can differentiate between the traditional and new theories of NRQCD. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fleming, S (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Rothstein, Ira/O-2747-2014; Fleming, Sean/C-3677-2015 OI Rothstein, Ira/0000-0002-3374-4212; Fleming, Sean/0000-0002-9553-7198 NR 57 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 036002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.036002 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 459RN UT WOS:000170265300052 ER PT J AU Kogut, JB Sinclair, DK AF Kogut, JB Sinclair, DK TI Scaling behavior at the N-t=6 chiral phase transition for 2-flavor lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; 4-FERMION INTERACTIONS; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; STAGGERED QUARKS; QCD; THERMODYNAMICS; DIMENSIONS; EQUATION; MODELS; O(4) AB We have simulated lattice QCD with 2 flavors of massless staggered quarks. An irrelevant chiral 4-fermion interaction was added to the standard quark action to allow us to simulate at zero quark mass. Thermodynamics was studied on lattices of temporal extent 6. Clear evidence for a second order chiral transition was observed and the critical exponents beta (mag), delta, nu and gamma (mag) were measured. These exponents do not agree with those expected by standard universality arguments. They are, however, consistent with tricritical behavior. The pi and sigma screening masses were measured and show clear evidence for chiral symmetry restoration at this transition. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 034508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.034508 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 459RN UT WOS:000170265300037 ER PT J AU Kopeliovich, BZ Trueman, TL AF Kopeliovich, BZ Trueman, TL TI Polarized proton-nucleus scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC INTERFERENCE; ENERGIES; MODEL AB We show that, to a very good approximation, the ratio of the spin-flip to the non-flip parts of the elastic proton-nucleus amplitude is the same as for proton-nucleon scattering at very high energy. The result is used to do a realistic calculation of the analyzing power A(N) for pC scattering in the Coulomb-nuclear interference region of momentum transfer. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kopeliovich, BZ (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Postfach 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 034004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.034004 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 459RN UT WOS:000170265300014 ER PT J AU Martin, SP Wells, JD AF Martin, SP Wells, JD TI Constraints on ultraviolet-stable fixed points in supersymmetric gauge theories SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BETA-FUNCTION; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; INSTANTON CALCULUS; N=1 SUPERSYMMETRY; FIELD-THEORIES; 4 DIMENSIONS; UNIFICATION; BREAKING; DUALITY; REGULARIZATION AB We consider the possibility that some supersymmetric gauge theories which are not asymptotically free can be governed by ultraviolet-stable fixed points. If this scenario can be realized, gaugino masses will exhibit power-law running with scale, providing a possible solution to the supersymmetric flavor problem. While naive perturbative calculations hint at the appearance of ultraviolet-stable fixed points in certain theories, there are strong constraints following from limits on the scaling dimensions of gauge-invariant operators, positivity of central charges, and Cardy's conjectured constraint on the flow of the Euler coefficient in the stress tensor trace anomaly. Also, we prove that if ultraviolet-stable fixed points do exist, they cannot occur in the perturbative regime of a renormalizable model, and that all-orders results in the limit of large numbers of chiral superfields are necessarily inconclusive. However, we argue that the general idea of ultraviolet-stable fixed points in supersymmetric gauge theories is viable, and we exhibit models that can satisfy all known constraints. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martin, SP (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 036010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.036010 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 459RN UT WOS:000170265300060 ER PT J AU Martin, SP Wells, JD AF Martin, SP Wells, JD TI Muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment in supersymmetric theories SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-MEDIATED MODEL; LARGE TAN-BETA; DARK-MATTER; SUPERGRAVITY MODELS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; STANDARD MODEL; SPARTICLE SPECTROSCOPY; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; MASS-SPECTRUM; SCALAR MASSES AB We study the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment in supersymmetric theories. The impact of the recent Brookhaven E821 experimental measurement on both model-independent and model-dependent supersymmetric parameter spaces is discussed in detail. We find that values of tan beta as low as 3 can be obtained while remaining within the E821 one-sigma bound. This requires a light smuon; however, we show that, somewhat surprisingly, no model-independent bound can be placed on the mass of the lightest char.-ino for any tan beta greater than or equal to3. We also show that the maximum contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment are insensitive to CP-violating phases. We provide analyses of the supersymmetric contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment in dilaton-dominated supergravity models and gauge-mediated supersymmetry-breaking models. Finally, we discuss how other phenomena, such as B(b --> sy), relic abundance of the lightest superpartner, and the Higgs boson mass may be correlated with the anomalous magnetic moment, but do not significantly impact the viability of a supersymmetric explanation, or the mass limits obtainable on smuons and charginos. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 75 TC 174 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 035003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.035003 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 459RN UT WOS:000170265300044 ER PT J AU Schafer, T AF Schafer, T TI Possible color octet quark-antiquark condensate in the instanton model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL-SYMMETRY-BREAKING; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; BARYON DENSITY; MATTER; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SUPERFLUIDITY; PATTERNS AB Inspired by a recent proposal for a Higgs description of QCD we study the possible formation of a color- and flavor-octet quark-antiquark condensate in the instanton liquid model. For this purpose we calculate two-point correlation functions of color-singlet and octet quark-antiquark operators. We find long range order in the standard (<()over bar>psi) channel, but not in the color-octet channel. We emphasize that similar calculations in lattice QCD can check whether or not a color-flavor locked Higgs phase is realized in QCD at zero temperature and baryon density. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. OI Schaefer, Thomas/0000-0002-2297-782X NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 037501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.037501 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 459RN UT WOS:000170265300061 ER PT J AU Aranson, IS Tsimring, LS AF Aranson, IS Tsimring, LS TI Continuum description of avalanches in granular media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SURFACE FLOWS; PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS; STRESS; MODELS; MATTER; SAND AB We develop a continuum description of partially fluidized granular flows. Our theory is based on the hydrodynamic equation for the flow coupled with the order parameter equation, which describes the transition between flowing and static components of the granular system. This theory captures important phenomenology recently observed in experiments with granular flows on rough inclined planes [A. Daerr and S. Douady, Nature (London) 399, 241 (099)]: layer bistability, and transition from triangular avalanches propagating downhill at small inclination angles to balloon-shaped avalanches also propagating uphill for larger angles. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Nonlinear Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Aranson, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 30 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 020301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.020301 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463TF UT WOS:000170492800005 PM 11497550 ER PT J AU Boettcher, S Percus, AG AF Boettcher, S Percus, AG TI Extremal optimization for graph partitioning SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE ENERGY; ISING SPIN-GLASS; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; EVOLUTION; CRITICALITY; COMPLEXITY; ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS AB Extremal optimization is a new general-purpose method for approximating solutions to hard optimization problems. We study the method in detail by way of the computationally hard (NP-hard) graph partitioning problem. We discuss the scaling behavior of extremal optimization, focusing on the convergence of the average run as a function of run time and system size. The method has a single free parameter, which we determine numerically and justify using a simple argument. On random graphs, our numerical results demonstrate that extremal optimization maintains consistent accuracy for increasing system sizes, with an approximation error decreasing over run time roughly as a power law t(-0.4). On geometrically structured graphs, the scaling of results from the average run suggests that these are far from optimal with large fluctuations between individual trials. But when only the best runs are considered, results consistent with theoretical arguments are recovered. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boettcher, S (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM sboettc@emory.edu; percus@lanl.gov RI Boettcher, Stefan/G-2640-2010 OI Boettcher, Stefan/0000-0003-1273-6771 NR 48 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 026114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.026114 PN 2 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463TJ UT WOS:000170493100021 PM 11497658 ER PT J AU Clague, DS Wheeler, EK AF Clague, DS Wheeler, EK TI Dielectrophoretic manipulation of macromolecules: The electric field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB The use of dielectrophoresis is fast becoming a proven technique for manipulating particles and macromolecules in microfluidic systems. Here an analytic solution for the gradient in the electric field strength, del.(E.E), produced by a two-dimensional array of parallel electodes is derived using the method of Green's functions. The boundary condition for the potential between electrodes is estimated by using a linear approximation. While the, Green's function used here is somewhat different from Wang et al., J. Phys. D 29, 1649 (1996), the resulting analytic expression for the potential field is in exact agreement with their result. Selected results for equispaced electrodes with equal widths are compared with Wang et al., J. Phys. D 29, 1649 (1996). The analytic solution is employed to study the effects of electrode spacing and electrode width on the gradient in electric field intensity Results show that the magnitude in the gradient in the electric field intensity exhibited the expected dependence on the applied voltage, however, the dependence on electrode width was found to be on the order of the electrode width squared. Results to explore the effects of electrode spacing show that as the spacing is reduced below two electrode widths the magnitude of the gradient increases exponentially. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Microtechnol EETD, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Clague, DS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Microtechnol EETD, L-223, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM clague1@llnl.gov; wheeler16@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 026605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.026605 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463TJ UT WOS:000170493100091 PM 11497728 ER PT J AU Cooper, F Hyman, JM Khare, A AF Cooper, F Hyman, JM Khare, A TI Compacton solutions in a class of generalized fifth-order Korteweg-de Vries equations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR DISPERSION; VARIATIONAL METHOD; SOLITARY WAVES; KDV-TYPE; SOLITONS; STABILIZATION; SUPPORT AB Solitons play a fundamental role in the evolution of general initial data for quasilinear dispersive partial differential equations, such as the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), nonlinear Schrodinger, and the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations. These integrable equations have linear dispersion and the solitons have infinite support. We have derived and investigate a new KdV-like Hamiltonian partial differential equation from a four-parameter Lagrangian where the nonlinear dispersion gives rise to solitons with com pact support (compactons). The new equation does not seem to be integrable and only mass, momentum, and energy seem to be conserved; yet, the solitons display almost the same modal decompositions and structural stability observed in integrable partial differential equations. The compactons formed from arbitrary initial data, are nonlinearly self-stabilizing, and maintain their coherence after multiple collisions. The robustness of these compactons and the inapplicability of the inverse scattering tools, that worked so well for the KdV equation, make it clear that there is a fundamental mechanism underlying the processes beyond integrability. We have found explicit formulas for multiple classes of compact traveling wave solutions. When there are more than one compacton solution for a particular set of parameters, the wider compacton is the minimum of a reduced Hamiltonian and is the only one that is stable. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. RP Cooper, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 026608 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.026608 PN 2 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463TJ UT WOS:000170493100094 PM 11497731 ER PT J AU Kevrekidis, PG Saxena, A Bishop, AR AF Kevrekidis, PG Saxena, A Bishop, AR TI Interaction between sine-Gordon breathers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID EQUATION AB Using the exact breather lattice solution of the sine-Gordon equation, we obtain the asymptotic interaction between two breathers. We identify the exponential dependence of the interaction on the breather separation as well as its power-law dependence on the breather frequency. Numerical simulation of the breather lattice demonstrates its instability. However, stabilization of such structures is found to be feasible through ac driving and damping. Finally, other limits of the original periodic solution are traced, obtaining the leading-order terms in the interaction between "pseudosphere" solutions and kink-antikink pairs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kevrekidis, PG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 026613 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.026613 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463TJ UT WOS:000170493100099 PM 11497736 ER PT J AU Kevrekidis, PG AF Kevrekidis, PG TI Multipulses in discrete Hamiltonian nonlinear systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE ARRAYS; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; LATTICE KINKS; SOLITONS; BREATHERS; DYNAMICS; EXISTENCE; STABILITY; EXCITATIONS; PULSES AB In this work, the behavior of multipulses in discrete Hamiltonian nonlinear systems is investigated. The discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation is used as the benchmark system for this study. A singular perturbation methodology as well as a variational approach are implemented in order to identify the dominant factors in the discrete problem. The results of the two methodologies are shown to coincide in assessing the interplay of discreteness and exponential tail-tail pulse interaction. They also allow one to understand why, contrary to what is believed for their continuum siblings, discrete systems can sustain (static) multipulse configurations, a conclusion that is subsequently verified by numerical experiment. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kevrekidis, PG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Washington Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 026611 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.026611 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463TJ UT WOS:000170493100097 PM 11497734 ER PT J AU Matkin, LS Watson, SJ Gleeson, HF Pindak, R Pitney, J Johnson, PM Huang, CC Barois, P Levelut, AM Srajer, G Pollmann, J Goodby, JW Hird, M AF Matkin, LS Watson, SJ Gleeson, HF Pindak, R Pitney, J Johnson, PM Huang, CC Barois, P Levelut, AM Srajer, G Pollmann, J Goodby, JW Hird, M TI Resonant x-ray scattering study of the antiferroelectric and ferrielectric phases in liquid crystal devices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; FORBIDDEN REFLECTIONS; DIFFRACTION; MESOPHASES; FILMS AB Resonant x-ray scattering has been used to investigate the interlayer ordering of the anti ferroelectric and ferrielectric smectic C* subphases in a device geometry. The liquid crystalline materials studied contain a selenium atom and the experiments were carried out at the selenium K edge allowing x-ray transmission through glass. The resonant scattering peaks associated with the anti ferroelectric phase were observed in two devices containing different materials. It was observed that the electric-field-induced anti ferroelectric to ferroelectric transition coincides with the chevron to bookshelf transition in one of the devices. Observation of the splitting of the antiferroelectric resonant peaks as a function of applied field also confirmed that no helical unwinding occurs at fields lower than the chevron to bookshelf threshold, Resonant features associated with the four-layer ferrielectric liquid crystal phase were observed in a device geometry. Monitoring the electric field dependence of these ferrielectric resonant peaks showed that the chevron to bookshelf transition occurs at a lower applied field than the ferrielectric to ferroelectric switching transition. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. CNRS, Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, Bordeaux, France. Univ Paris 11, Paris, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Hull, Dept Chem, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RJ, N Humberside, England. RP Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RI Hirst, Linda/A-4862-2008 OI Hirst, Linda/0000-0002-8306-9366 NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 021705 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.021705 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463TF UT WOS:000170492800061 PM 11497606 ER PT J AU Stygar, WA Olson, RE Spielman, RB Leeper, RJ AF Stygar, WA Olson, RE Spielman, RB Leeper, RJ TI Analytic models of high-temperature hohlraums SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Review ID INERTIAL-CONFINEMENT-FUSION; NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; DISTRIBUTED RADIATOR TARGET; 0.44-MU-M LASER-LIGHT; HEAVY-ION FUSION; X-RAY GENERATION; DIAMOND PHOTOCONDUCTIVE DETECTORS; ROSSELAND MEAN OPACITY; Z-PINCH; INDIRECTLY DRIVEN AB A unified set of high-temperature-hohlraum models has been developed. For a simple hohlraum, P-S= [A(S)+(1 - alpha (W))A(W)+A(H)]sigmaT(R)(4)+(4V sigma /c)(dT(R)(4)/dt), where P-S is the total power radiated by the source, A(S) is the source area, A(W) is the area of the cavity wall excluding the source and holes in the wall, A(H) is the area of the holes, sigma is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, T-R is the radiation brightness temperature, V is the hohlraum volume, and c is the speed of light. The wall albedo alpha (W)equivalent to (T-W/T-R)(4) where T-W is the brightness temperature of area A(W). The net power radiated by the source P-N = P-S - A(S)sigmaT(R)(4), which suggests that for laser-driven hohlraums the conversion efficiency eta (CE) be defined as P-N/P-Laser. The characteristic time required to change T-R(4) in response to a change in P-N is 4V/c[(1 - alpha (W))A(W)+A(H)]. Using this model, T-R, alpha (W), and eta (CE) can be expressed in terms of quantities directly measurable in a hohlraum experiment. For a steady-state hohlraum that encloses a convex capsule, P-N={(1 - alpha (W))A(W)+A(H)+[(1 - alpha (C))A(C)(A(S)+A(W))/A(T)]}sigmaT(RC)(4), where alpha (C) is the capsule albedo, Ac is the capsule area, A(T)equivalent to (A(S)+A(W)+A(H)), and T-RC is the brightness temperature of the radiation that drives the capsule. According to this relation, the capsule-coupling efficiency of the baseline National Ignition Facility hohlraum is 15-23 % higher than predicted by previous analytic expressions. A model of a hohlraum that encloses a z pinch is also presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stygar, WA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1194, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 116 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 026410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.026410 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463TJ UT WOS:000170493100077 PM 11497714 ER PT J AU Wharton, KB Boley, CD Komashko, AM Rubenchik, AM Zweiback, J Crane, J Hays, G Cowan, TE Ditmire, T AF Wharton, KB Boley, CD Komashko, AM Rubenchik, AM Zweiback, J Crane, J Hays, G Cowan, TE Ditmire, T TI Effects of nonionizing prepulses in high-intensity laser-solid interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; HOT-ELECTRON PRODUCTION; FEMTOSECOND LASER; PLASMAS; PULSES; TARGETS; PICOSECOND; ABSORPTION; W/CM(2) AB We present theoretical and experimental evidence that nonionizing prepulses with intensities as low as 10(8)-10(9) W/cm(2) substantially alter high intensity laser-solid interactions. We show that prepulse-heating and vaporization of the target can lead to a preformed plasma once the vapor is ionized by the rising edge of the high-intensity pulse. Our results indicate that peak prepulse intensity is not the only important parameter to consider in determining preformed plasma thresholds, and that a more comprehensive analysis of the prepulse duration and the target material is required. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wharton, KB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 26 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 025401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.025401 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463TJ UT WOS:000170493100006 PM 11497643 ER PT J AU Fedotov, AV Holmes, JA Gluckstern, RL AF Fedotov, AV Holmes, JA Gluckstern, RL TI Instabilities of high-order beam modes driven by space-charge coupling resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY AB Space charge presents a fundamental limitation to high intensity circular accelerators. Its effects are especially important in the latest designs for high-intensity proton rings, which require beam losses much smaller than presently achieved in existing facilities. It is therefore necessary to understand the major space-charge effects which could lead to emittance growth and associated beam loss. In this paper, we explore the excitation of high-order collective beam modes and associated instabilities driven by space-charge coupling resonances. Such studies help us to understand energy exchange and emittance growth driven by space-charge coupling. They also have direct application to the choice of a good working point in a high-intensity machine. The studies are performed using an earlier version of the Spallation Neutron Source lattice, which was used as a generic example of a circular machine. In this way, we explore the nature of the observed space-charge coupling effect and its applicability to high-intensity rings in general. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fedotov, AV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD AUG PY 2001 VL 4 IS 8 AR 084202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.4.084202 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 461NH UT WOS:000170370000003 ER PT J AU Ipe, NE Rosser, KE Moretti, CJ Manning, JW Palmer, MJ AF Ipe, NE Rosser, KE Moretti, CJ Manning, JW Palmer, MJ TI Air kerma calibration factors and chamber correction values for PTW soft x-ray, NACP and Roos ionization chambers at very low x-ray energies SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER AB This paper evaluates the characteristics of ionization chambers for the measurement of absorbed dose to water using very low-energy x-rays. The values of the chamber correction factor, k(ch), used in the IPEMB 1996 code of practice for the UK secondary standard ionization chambers (PTW type M23342 and PTW type M23344), the Roos (PTW type 34001) and NACP electron chambers are derived. The responses in air of the small and large soft x-ray chambers (PTW type M23342 and PTW type M23344) and the NACP and Roos electron ionization chambers were compared. Besides the soft x-ray chambers, the NACP and Roos chambers can be used for very low-energy x-ray dosimetry provided that they are used in the restricted energy range for which their response does not change by more than 5%. The chamber correction factor was found by comparing the absorbed dose to water determined using the dosimetry protocol recommended for low-energy x-rays with that for very low-energy x-rays. The overlap energy range was extended using data from Grosswendt and Knight. Chamber correction factors given in this paper are chamber dependent, varying from 1.037 to 1.066 for a PTW type M23344 chamber, which is very different from a value of unity given in the IPEMB code. However, the values of k(ch) determined in this paper agree with those given in the DIN standard within experimental uncertainty. The authors recommend that the very low-energy section of the IPEMB code is amended to include the most up-to-date values of k(ch). C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Dept Radiat Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Ipe, NE (reprint author), Xoft microTube Inc, 49000 Milmont Dr, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2107 EP 2117 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/46/8/306 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 469GV UT WOS:000170806900006 PM 11512614 ER PT J AU Kim, EJ Hahm, TS Diamond, PH AF Kim, EJ Hahm, TS Diamond, PH TI Eddy viscosity and laminarization of sheared flow in three dimensional reduced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-WALL TURBULENCE AB The effect of Alfven waves on turbulent momentum transport is studied in three-dimensional reduced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. A strong external uniform magnetic field B-0 is assumed to be present orthogonal to both background shear flow and its inhomogeneity. Energy is injected into the fluid and/or magnetic field on small scales. It is shown analytically that eddy viscosity is reduced as 1/B-0(2) for a strong B-0, due to the cancellation of the Reynolds stress by Maxwell stress. The sign of eddy viscosity is found to depend on the detailed properties of forcings. Specifically, it is positive for fluid forcing but depends on the anisotropy of the forcing in the case of magnetic forcing. Furthermore, it is indicated that a magnetic field tends to laminarize a mean shear flow. The possible implication of these results for the dynamics of the zonal flows in tokamaks is discussed in view of the cancellation of stresses. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kim, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. OI Kim, Eun-jin/0000-0001-5607-6635 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2001 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3576 EP 3582 DI 10.1063/1.1383284 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 453RU UT WOS:000169930900008 ER PT J AU Carreras, BA Lynch, VE LaBombard, B AF Carreras, BA Lynch, VE LaBombard, B TI Structure and properties of the electrostatic fluctuations in the far scrape-off layer region of Alcator C-Mod SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA EDGE; TURBULENCE AB The temporal statistics of density and potential fluctuations measured in both the main chamber and divertor far scrape-off layer (SOL) regions (>5 mm outside the magnetic separatrix) of the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [I. M. Hutchinson , Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] are found to change markedly with plasma density. As the plasma density is increased, the fluctuations become correlated over long and short time scales and exhibit a higher level of persistence and intermittency. Correspondingly, fluctuation-induced cross-field particle fluxes are found to increase by a factor of similar to5 when the plasma density is doubled. These observations are consistent with results from SOL particle balance, which indicate an increased level of cross-field transport as the density is raised. These observations also support the idea that SOL transport dynamics behave as a self-organized system, particularly at high plasma densities. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Carreras, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012 OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636 NR 9 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2001 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3702 EP 3707 DI 10.1063/1.1387266 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 453RU UT WOS:000169930900022 ER PT J AU Whitney, KG Pulsifer, PE Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Davis, J Chong, YK Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Nash, TJ AF Whitney, KG Pulsifer, PE Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Davis, J Chong, YK Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Nash, TJ TI Trends in plasma conditions inferred from an analysis of x-ray data from high wire-number, Z-pinch load implosions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID K-SHELL EMISSION; ARRAY Z-PINCH; PHOTON-ESCAPE PROBABILITIES; ALUMINUM-ARRAY; HIGH-POWER; MASS; EQUATION; SYMMETRY; MODEL AB An analysis of x-ray data from two series of Z-pinch shots taken on the short current-risetime Saturn accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories [Proceedings of 6th International IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Arlington, VA, edited by P. J. Turchi and B. H. Bernstein (IEEE, New York, 1987), p. 310] is presented. In one series, the array radius was held constant and the array mass was varied; in the other series, the array mass was held constant and its radius varied. In both sets of experiments, large wire-number loads (N greater than or equal to 93) of aluminum were used in contrast to earlier small wire-number aluminum array experiments on Saturn where N less than or equal to 42. Average electron temperatures and ion densities were inferred from the data. In addition, from the measured size of the emission region of K-shell x rays and from the inferred ion density, a fraction of the total array mass that participated in the K-shell emission was inferred and found to be directly correlated to the K-shell yields that were measured. This paper also demonstrates that the yields varied as a function of array mass and radius in much closer agreement with predictions [J. Appl. Phys. 67, 1725 (1990)] than had been observed in the earlier small wire-number experiments. Thus, a serious misperception that the reason for the early disagreement was in the calculations and not in the experiments is corrected. These predictions were made using one-dimensional (1D) magnetohydrodynamics calculations. The density and temperature trends inferred from the data analysis are well-behaved and consistent with the 1D calculations. This data analysis confirms the importance of achieving uniform plasma initial conditions and implosion symmetry when comparing computer code calculations with experiment. When the wire number of an array load is increased, a more uniform shell of plasma is calculated initially as the wires explode and, as the plasma stagnates on axis, the x-ray powers and yields are found experimentally to approach the powers and yields predicted by 1D calculations. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Berkeley Scholars, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Amer Ctr Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Whitney, KG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2001 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3708 EP 3717 DI 10.1063/1.1380695 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 453RU UT WOS:000169930900023 ER PT J AU Zhidkov, AG Sasaki, A Fukumoto, I Tajima, T Auguste, T D'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY AF Zhidkov, AG Sasaki, A Fukumoto, I Tajima, T Auguste, T D'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY TI Pulse duration effect on the distribution of energetic particles produced by intense femtosecond laser pulses irradiating solids SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; GENERATION; FOILS; ION; IONIZATION; PREPULSE; EMISSION; TARGET; CODE AB The energy distribution of hot electrons produced by a very short, intense laser pulse (I=2/4x10(18) W/cm(2), 60 fs, lambda =800 nm, obliquely incident p polarized) is investigated theoretically via particle simulation and experimentally via measurements of the electron distribution in the MeV region and the Doppler-shifted emission spectrum of fast ions. This energy distribution is shown to be greatly different from the known two-temperature distribution. The hot electrons with energies near the maximal (similar to2 MeV) constitute the distribution with an effective temperature T-h considerably higher than that of lower-energy electrons, which dominate the emission of energetic ions. The temperature scaling with the laser intensity differs from the known T(h)similar toI(1/2). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 JAERI, Adv Photon Res Ctr, Neyagawa, Osaka 5720019, Japan. Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, DRECAM, Serv Photons Atomes & Mol, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. VNIIFTRI, Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Ctr, Mendeleevo 141570, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zhidkov, AG (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Engn, Nucl Engn Res Lab, 2-22 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. RI Sasaki, Akira/J-8158-2016 NR 25 TC 39 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2001 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3718 EP 3723 DI 10.1063/1.1383026 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 453RU UT WOS:000169930900024 ER PT J AU Bradley, PA Wilson, DC AF Bradley, PA Wilson, DC TI Two-dimensional capsule-hohlraum designs for the national ignition facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LASER PROJECT AB This article describes 250, 280, and 350 eV drive temperature copper-doped Be [Be(Cu)] two-dimensional (2-D) capsule-hohlraum designs for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Paisner , Laser Focus World 30, 75 (1994)]. These capsule-hohlraum designs are a follow-on to the previous one-dimensional capsule designs of Bradley and Wilson [Phys. Plasmas 6, 4293 (1999)]. It is shown that a 2-D 350 eV capsule-hohlraum design scaled from the successful 330 eV design does not ignite, mostly due to poor symmetry. In addition, the 350 eV capsule hohlraum design requires the full 500 TW of the NIF design and 1.66 MJ of the maximum 1.8 MJ designed energy output. It is possible to design a capsule-hohlraum combination that achieves ignition and burn with peak radiation temperatures of 250, 280, and 330 eV. These designs use from 1.3 to 1.6 MJ of laser energy and the successful designs have yields of 16-20 MJ. Changes in symmetry and yield due to changing the focal point of the inner and outer laser cones were examined. The 280 eV capsule can tolerate pointing changes of 40-100 mum before the yield drops by 50%, while even a 40 mum pointing change for the 250 eV capsule causes the yield to drop by a factor of 2 to 100. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradley, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-2,MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2001 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3724 EP 3733 DI 10.1063/1.1385173 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 453RU UT WOS:000169930900025 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Davis, J Deeney, C Coverdale, CA AF Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Davis, J Deeney, C Coverdale, CA TI Comparative analysis of time-resolved and time-integrated x-ray data from long pulse Z-pinch implosions on Saturn SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID WIRE-ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; ALUMINUM-ARRAY; LINE SPECTRA; EMISSION; PLASMA; DENSITY; ENERGY; PHYSICS; MASS; TEMPERATURE AB Two series of Al:Mg wire array Z-pinch implosions were performed on the Saturn pulsed-power generator [R. B. Spielman , in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches, Laguna Beach, CA, 1989, edited by N. R. Pereira, J. Davis, and N. Rostoker (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1989), p. 3]. In one series, the wire number was varied, in the other, the load mass was varied. In all cases an initial array diameter of 40 mm was maintained. Sufficient x-ray data were obtained in these experiments to allow the plasma conditions to be inferred by matching x-ray data to that calculated by a collisional-radiative equilibrium (CRE) model. In fitting the data, the plasma has been assumed to be either uniform [zero dimension (0D)] or to vary one-dimensionally (1D) with radius. On one shot, a comparison of these two methods of data analysis performed with both time-resolved and time-integrated data has been carried out. While the same trends in plasma conditions as a function of load mass and wire number are seen, the uniform plasma assumption yields higher electron temperatures, lower core densities, but higher K-shell radiating mass fractions than those obtained from the 1D assumption. When comparing time-resolved and time-integrated spectroscopic data, a pronounced difference is seen in a density-sensitive line ratio whose time-resolved values corroborate experimental evidence that much of the K-shell radiation is emitted from a high density core plasma of spatial extent less than about 300 mum. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2001 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3799 EP 3809 DI 10.1063/1.1381565 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 453RU UT WOS:000169930900033 ER PT J AU Simms, P Grabowski, Z Shera, B Frauenfelder, H AF Simms, P Grabowski, Z Shera, B Frauenfelder, H TI Rolf M. Steffen - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Simms, P (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 2001 VL 54 IS 8 BP 68 EP 68 DI 10.1063/1.1404862 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 459TR UT WOS:000170268000021 ER PT J AU Courant, ED AF Courant, ED TI Blewett had help with GE synchrotron - Reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Courant, ED (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 2001 VL 54 IS 8 BP 76 EP 76 DI 10.1063/1.1359718 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 459TR UT WOS:000170268000033 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, RP TI True tritium tales SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD AUG PY 2001 VL 14 IS 8 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460XH UT WOS:000170334500016 ER PT J AU Kwok, WK AF Kwok, WK TI Magnetic vortices defy melting moment SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kwok, WK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD AUG PY 2001 VL 14 IS 8 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460XH UT WOS:000170334500032 ER PT J AU Watson, CJW Froehlich, JE Josefsson, CA Chapple, C Durst, F Benveniste, I Coolbaugh, RC AF Watson, CJW Froehlich, JE Josefsson, CA Chapple, C Durst, F Benveniste, I Coolbaugh, RC TI Localization of CYP86B1 in the outer envelope of chloroplasts SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium of P450 Biodiversity CY JUL 02-06, 2000 CL ELSIMORE, DENMARK DE chloroplast localization; CYP86B1; monooxygenase; P450 ID FATTY-ACID HYDROPEROXIDES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; OMEGA-HYDROXYLASE; PROTEIN IMPORT; CDNA CLONE; NADPH; CYTOCHROME-P450; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; REDUCTASE AB CYP86B1 was cloned from a cDNA library and the protein expressed in E. coli. The protein gave the expected carbon monoxide difference spectrum. Using in vitro import assays with isolated pea chloroplasts, CYP86B1 was shown to be associated with the outer chloroplastic envelope membrane. This study provides the first direct evidence for a chloroplast-localized cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. CNRS, Dept Enzymol Cellulaire & Mol, Inst Biol Mol Plantes, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. RP Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM coolbaugh@purdue.edu NR 39 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 EI 1471-9053 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 42 IS 8 BP 873 EP 878 DI 10.1093/pcp/pce110 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 466DJ UT WOS:000170628800013 PM 11522915 ER PT J AU Hale, KL McGrath, SP Lombi, E Stack, SM Terry, N Pickering, IJ George, GN Pilon-Smits, EAH AF Hale, KL McGrath, SP Lombi, E Stack, SM Terry, N Pickering, IJ George, GN Pilon-Smits, EAH TI Molybdenum sequestration in Brassica species. A role for anthocyanins? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INDIAN MUSTARD; PLANTS; ABSORPTION; LEAVES; BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPORT; CELLS AB To elucidate plant mechanisms involved in molybdenum (Mo) sequestration and tolerance, Brassica spp. seedlings were supplied with molybdate, and the effects on plant physiology, morphology, and biochemistry were analyzed. When supplied with (colorless) molybdate Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) seedlings accumulated water-soluble blue crystals in their peripheral cell lavers. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis showed that Mo accumulated predominantly in the vacuoles of the epidermal cells. Therefore, the blue crystals are likely to be a Mo compound. The x-ray absorption spectrum of the plant-accumulated Mo was different than that for molybdate, indicating complexation with a plant molecule. Because the blue compound was water soluble and showed a pH-dependent color change, possible involvement of anthocyanins was investigated. An anthocyanin-less mutant of Brassica rapa ("fast plants") was compared with varieties containing normal or high anthocyanin levels. The anthocyanin-less mutant did not show accumulation of a blue compound when supplied with molybdate. In the anthocyanin-containing varieties, the blue compound colocalized with anthocyanins in the peripheral cell layers. Mo accumulation by the three B. rapa varieties was positively correlated with anthocyanin content. Addition of molybdate to purified B. rapa anthocyanin resulted in an in vitro color change from pink to blue. Therefore, Mo appears to be sequestered in vacuoles of the peripheral cell layers of Brassica spp. as a blue compound, probably a Mo-anthocyanin complex. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Inst Arable Crops Res, Agr & Environm Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Res Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Pilon-Smits, EAH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Anat Zool Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI McGrath, Steve/B-5127-2008; George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI McGrath, Steve/0000-0003-0952-8947; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375; Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 NR 50 TC 87 Z9 100 U1 7 U2 38 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 126 IS 4 BP 1391 EP 1402 DI 10.1104/pp.126.4.1391 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 462HC UT WOS:000170413800008 PM 11500539 ER PT J AU Ziemer, JK Choueiri, EY AF Ziemer, JK Choueiri, EY TI Scaling laws for electromagnetic, pulsed plasma thrusters SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The scaling laws of pulsed plasma thrusters operating in the predominantly electromagnetic acceleration mode (EM-PPT) are investigated theoretically and experimentally using gas-fed pulsed plasma thrusters. A fundamental characteristic velocity that depends on the inductance per unit length and the square root of the capacitance to the initial inductance ratio is identified. An analytical model of the discharge current predicts scaling laws in which the propulsive efficiency is proportional to the EM-PPT performance scaling number, defined here as the ratio of the exhaust velocity to the EM-PPT characteristic velocity. The importance of the effective plasma resistance in improving the propulsive performance is shown. To test the validity of the predicted scaling relations, the performance of two gas-fed pulsed plasma thruster designs (one with coaxial electrodes and the other with parallel-plate electrodes), was measured under 70 different operating conditions using an argon plasma. The measurements demonstrate that the impulse bit scales linearly with the integral of the square of the discharge current as expected for an electromagnetic accelerator. The measured performance scaling is shown to be in good agreement with the theoretically predicted scaling. Normalizing the exhaust velocity and the impulse-to-energy ratio by the EM-PPT characteristic velocity collapses almost all the measured data onto single curves that uphold the general validity of these scaling laws. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Appl Phys Grp, Elect Propuls & Plasma Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ziemer, JK (reprint author), NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Adv Propuls Technol Grp, M-S 125-109,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 10 IS 3 BP 395 EP 405 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/10/3/302 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 472KU UT WOS:000170983700002 ER PT J AU Detmold, W Leinweber, DB Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW Wright, SV AF Detmold, W Leinweber, DB Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW Wright, SV TI A new slant on hadron structure SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY DEC 18-22, 2000 CL BHABHA ATOM RES CTR, MUMBAI, INDIA SP Board Res Nucl Sci, Dept Atom Energy HO BHABHA ATOM RES CTR DE hadron structure; lattice quantum chromodynamics ID INCORPORATING CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; LATTICE QCD; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; GOTTFRIED SUM; CHARGE RADII; NUCLEON SEA; FORM-FACTOR; SIGMA-TERM; BAG MODEL; BREAKING AB Rather than regarding the restriction of current lattice QCD simulations to quark masses that are 5-10 times larger than those observed as a problem, we note that this presents a wonderful opportunity to deepen our understanding of QCD. Just as it has been possible to learn a great deal about QCD by treating N. as a variable, so the study of hadron properties as a function of quark mass is leading us to a deeper appreciation of hadron structure. As examples we cite progress in using the chiral properties of QCD to connect hadron masses, magnetic moments, charge radii and structure functions calculated at large quark masses within lattice QCD with the values observed physically. C1 Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr & Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Detmold, W (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, GPO Box 498, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; Leinweber, Derek/J-6705-2013; OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; Leinweber, Derek/0000-0002-4745-6027; Detmold, William/0000-0002-0400-8363; Wright, Stewart/0000-0001-7391-8830 NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD AUG-SEP PY 2001 VL 57 IS 2-3 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s12043-001-0036-6 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 475ZP UT WOS:000171200200003 ER PT J AU Nayak, TK AF Nayak, TK CA WA98 Collaboration TI Multiplicity distributions and charged-neutral fluctuations SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY DEC 18-22, 2000 CL BHABHA ATOM RES CTR, MUMBAI, INDIA SP Board Res Nucl Sci, Dept Atom Energy HO BHABHA ATOM RES CTR DE quark-gluon plasma; fluctuations; disoriented chiral condensates ID DISORIENTED-CHIRAL-CONDENSATE; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; DETECTOR; PARTICLE; SEARCH; SIGNAL; FIELD; DCC; QCD AB Results from the multiplicity distributions of inclusive photons and charged particles, scaling of particle multiplicities, event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations, and charged-neutral fluctuations in 158A GeV Pb+Pb collisions are presented and discussed. A scaling of charged particle multiplicity as N-part(1.07 +/-0.05) and photons as N-part(1.12 +/-0.03) have been observed, indicating violation of naive wounded nucleon model. The analysis of localized charged-neutral fluctuation indicates a model-independent demonstration of non-statistical fluctuations in both charged particles and photons in limited azimuthal regions. However, no correlated charged-neutral fluctuations are observed. C1 Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Dubna, Russia. ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180004, India. Univ Munster, D-4400 Munster, Germany. SUBTECH, Nantes, France. GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. NIKHEF H, Utrecht, Netherlands. Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. NPI, Prague, Czech Republic. KVI, Groningen, Netherlands. INS, Warsaw, Poland. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. IOP, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Nayak, TK (reprint author), Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. EM nayak@veccal.ernet.in OI Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Kampert, Karl-Heinz/0000-0002-2805-0195 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 EI 0973-7111 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD AUG-SEP PY 2001 VL 57 IS 2-3 BP 285 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s12043-001-0039-3 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 475ZP UT WOS:000171200200006 ER PT J AU Ghosh, TK AF Ghosh, TK CA PHENIX Collaboration TI First results from RHIC-PHENIX SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY DEC 18-22, 2000 CL BHABHA ATOM RES CTR, MUMBAI, INDIA SP Board Res Nucl Sci, Dept Atom Energy HO BHABHA ATOM RES CTR DE relativistic heavy ions; quark gluon plasma; PHENIX ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; AA COLLISIONS; ENERGIES; ANISOTROPY; TRANSITION; SIGNATURE; EMISSION; PP AB The PHENIX experiment consists of a large detector system located at the newly commissioned relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The primary goal of the PHENIX experiment is to look for signatures of the QCD prediction of a deconfined high-energy-density phase of nuclear matter quark gluon plasma. PHENIX started data taking for Au+Au collisions at roots(NN) = 130 GeV in June 2000. The signals from the beam-beam counter (BBC) and zero degree calorimeter (ZDC) are used to determine the centrality of the collision. A Glauber model reproduces the ZDC spectrum reasonably well to determine the participants in a collision. Charged particle multiplicity distribution from the first PHENIX paper is compared with the other RHIC experiment and the CERN, SPS results. Transverse momentum of photons are measured in the electro-magnetic calorimeter (EMCal) and preliminary results are presented. Particle identification is made by a time of flight (TOF) detector and the results show clear separation of the charged hadrons from each other. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Ghosh, TK (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; OI Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; Newby, Robert/0000-0003-3571-1067; Tannenbaum, Michael/0000-0002-8840-5314; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Hartouni, Edward/0000-0001-9869-4351; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Liu, Ming/0000-0002-5992-1221 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD AUG-SEP PY 2001 VL 57 IS 2-3 BP 355 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s12043-001-0045-5 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 475ZP UT WOS:000171200200012 ER PT J AU Bull, SR AF Bull, SR TI Renewable energy today and tomorrow SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE earth; plants; sun; wind AB Energy is essential to our society to ensure our quality of life and to underpin all other elements of our economy. Renewable energy technologies offer the promise of clean, abundant energy gathered from self-renewing resources such as the sun, wind, earth, and plants. Virtually all regions of the United States and the world have renewable resources of one type or another Renewable resources currently account for about 10% of the energy consumed in the United States: most of this is from. hydropower and traditional biomass sources. Wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal technologies are cost-effective today in an increasing number of markets, and are making important steps to broader commercialization. Each of the renewable energy technologies is in a different stage of research, development, and commercialization, and all have differences in current and future expected costs, current industrial base, resource availability and potential impact on greenhouse gas emissions. The technical status, cost, and applications of major renewable energy technologies and implications for increased adoption of renewables will be reviewed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bull, SR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 76 TC 155 Z9 162 U1 5 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD AUG PY 2001 VL 89 IS 8 BP 1216 EP 1226 DI 10.1109/5.940290 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 462HG UT WOS:000170414200008 ER PT J AU Donnelly, MI Stevens, PW Stols, L Su, SXY Tollaksen, S Giometti, C Joachimiak, A AF Donnelly, MI Stevens, PW Stols, L Su, SXY Tollaksen, S Giometti, C Joachimiak, A TI Expression of a highly toxic protein, Bax, in Escherichia coli by attachment of a leader peptide derived from the GroES cochaperone SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; chaperonin; protein; expression; expression vector; GroES; GroEL; Bax; Bcl-2 ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; INCLUSION-BODY FORMATION; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 2-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; TISSUE PROTEINS; BACTERIAL DEATH AB Expression of the human apoptosis modulator protein Bax in Escherichia coli is highly toxic, resulting in cell lysis at very low concentrations (Asoh, S., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 273, 11384-11391, 1998). Attempts to express a truncated form of murine Bax in the periplasm by using an expression vector that attached the OmpA signal sequence to the protein failed to alleviate this toxicity. In contrast, attachment of a peptide based on a portion of the E. coli cochaperone GroES reduced Bax's toxicity significantly and allowed good expression. The peptide, which was attached to the N-terminus, included the amino acid sequence of the mobile loop of GroES that has been demonstrated to interact with the chaperonin, GroEL. Under normal growth conditions, expression of this construct was still toxic, but generated a small amount of detectable recombinant Bax. However, when cells were grown in the presence of 2% ethanol, which stimulated overproduction of the molecular chaperones GroEL and DnaK, toxicity was reduced and good overexpression occurred. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis showed that approximately 15-fold more GroES-loop-Bax was produced under these conditions than under standard conditions and that GroEL and DnaK were elevated approximately 3-fold. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Joachimiak, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062414] NR 43 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1006/prep.2001.1442 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 461NY UT WOS:000170371400007 PM 11483004 ER PT J AU Giometti, CS Reich, CI Tollaksen, SL Babnigg, G Lim, H Yates, JR Olsen, GJ AF Giometti, CS Reich, CI Tollaksen, SL Babnigg, G Lim, H Yates, JR Olsen, GJ TI Structural modifications of Methanococcus jannaschii flagellin proteins revealed by proteome analysis SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE flagellin; Archaea; Methanococcus jannaschii ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TISSUE PROTEINS; CELL FRACTIONS; VOLTAE; QUANTITATION; SEQUENCES; SERUM AB Methanococcus jannaschii is an autotrophic archaeon originally isolated from an oceanic thermal vent. The primary metabolic pathway for energy production in this hyperthermophilic microbe is methanogenesis from H-2 and CO2. As an autotroph, M. jannaschii requires only CO2 as a carbon source for synthesizing all necessary biomolecules. Changes in the environmental availability of these molecules can be expected to activate regulatory mechanisms manifested as the up and down regulation of specific genes and the concomitant increase and decrease in abundance of the corresponding proteins. In our analysis of the proteome of M. jannaschii, we have observed significant changes in the abundance of a common subset of predominant proteins in response to reduced H2 concentration, limited ammonium availability, and the stage of cell growth (exponential compared with stationary). The masses of tryptic peptides from these proteins match those predicted by M. jannaschii genome open reading frames annotated as flagellin B1 (MJ0891) and flagellin B2 (MJ0892). Multiple proteins with different isoelectric points and molecular weights match each of these proteins, and the abundance of these protein variants changes with growth conditions. These data indicate that structural modifications altering both the isoelectric point and size of the M. jannaschii flagellin B1 and B2 proteins occur in response to growth conditions and growth stage of M. jannaschii and further suggest the regulation of M. jannaschii motility through structural modifications of the building blocks of the flagella. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Scripps Inst, Mass Spectrometry Grp, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Giometti, CS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202,Room B117, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD AUG PY 2001 VL 1 IS 8 BP 1033 EP 1042 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 469NG UT WOS:000170821300012 PM 11683504 ER PT J AU Pasyanos, ME Walter, WR Hazler, SE AF Pasyanos, ME Walter, WR Hazler, SE TI A surface wave dispersion study of the Middle East and North Africa for monitoring the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE surface waves; group velocity; dispersion; tomography; Middle East; North Africa ID VELOCITIES; ANISOTROPY; CONTINENT; BENEATH; MODEL AB We present results from a large-scale study of surface-wave group velocity dispersion across the Middle East, North Africa, southern Eurasia and the Mediterranean. Our database for the region is populated with seismic data from regional events recorded at permanent and portable broadband, three-component digital stations. We have measured the group velocity using a multiple narrow-band filter on deconvolved displacement data. Overall, we have examined more than 13,500 seismograms and made good quality dispersion measurements for 6817 Rayleigh- and 3806 Love-wave paths. We use a conjugate gradient method to perform a group-velocity tomography, Our current results include both Love- and Rayleigh-wave inversions across the region for periods from 10 to 60 seconds. Our findings indicate that short-period structure is sensitive to slow velocities associated with large sedimentary features such as the Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf. We find our long-period Rayleigh-wave inversion is sensitive to crustal thickness, such as fast velocities under the oceans and slow along the relatively thick Zagros Mts. and Turkish-Iranian Plateau. We also find slow upper mantle velocities along known rift systems. Accurate group velocity maps can be used to construct phase-matched filters along any given path. The filters can improve weak surface wave signals by compressing the dispersed signal. The signals can then be used to calculate regionally determined M-S measurements, which we hope can be used to extend the threshold of m(b):M-S discriminants down to lower magnitude levels. Other applications include using the group velocities in the creation of a suitable background model for forming station calibration maps, and using the group velocities to model the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol & Geophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pasyanos, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, POB 808,L-205, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Pasyanos, Michael/C-3125-2013; Walter, William/C-2351-2013 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616 NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 158 IS 8 BP 1445 EP 1474 DI 10.1007/PL00001229 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 472UD UT WOS:000171002600007 ER PT J AU Hazler, SE Sheehan, AF McNamara, DE Walter, WR AF Hazler, SE Sheehan, AF McNamara, DE Walter, WR TI One-dimensional shear velocity structure of Northern Africa from Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE seismology; surface waves; Africa; mantle; crust; lithosphere ID UPPER MANTLE STRUCTURE; EAST-AFRICA; RECEIVER FUNCTIONS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; PHASE VELOCITIES; EARTH STRUCTURE; SURFACE-WAVES; BENEATH; TOMOGRAPHY; SUPERSWELL AB Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion measurements from 10 s to 160 s periods have been made for paths traversing Northern Africa. Data were accumulated from the IRIS DMC, GEOSCOPE, and MEDNET seismic networks covering the years 1991-1997. The group velocity measurements are made including the effects of debiasing for instantaneous period and a single-iteration, mode-isolation (phase match) filter. The curves are grouped by tectonic province and compared to tomographic model-based curves in an effort to test and validate the tomographic models. Within each tectonic category (rift, orogenic zone, or craton) group velocity curves from various provinces are similar. Between tectonic categories, however, there are marked differences. The rift related paths exhibit the lowest group velocities observed, and cratonic paths the fastest. One-dimensional shear velocity inversions are performed, and while highly nonunique, the ranges of models show significant differences in upper mantle velocities between the tectonic provinces. This work is part of a larger project to determine group velocity maps for North Africa and the Middle East. The work presented here provides important tools for the validation of tomographic group velocity models. This is accomplished by comparing group velocity curves calculated from the tomographic models with carefully selected high-quality group velocity measurements. The final group velocity models will be used in M-S measurements, which will contribute to the m(b):M-S discriminant important to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The improved shear wave velocity models provided by this study also contribute to the detection, location, and identification of seismic sources. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hazler, SE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Campus Box 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Walter, William/C-2351-2013; Sheehan, Anne/B-3954-2014 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616; NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 158 IS 8 BP 1475 EP 1493 DI 10.1007/PL00001230 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 472UD UT WOS:000171002600008 ER PT J AU He, XY Li, N AF He, XY Li, N TI Simulation helps design nuclear waste disposal technique SO R&D MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Computational fluid dynamics software allows researchers to target waste disposal. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP He, XY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI OAK BROOK PA 2000 CLEARWATER DR, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-8809 USA SN 0746-9179 J9 R&D MAG JI R D Mag. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 43 IS 8 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 468GX UT WOS:000170750700036 ER PT J AU Cooke, DW Bennett, BL McClellan, KJ Roper, JM AF Cooke, DW Bennett, BL McClellan, KJ Roper, JM TI X-ray-induced thermally stimulated luminescence of cerium-doped gadolinium oxyorthosilicate SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE thermally stimulated luminescence; oxyorthosilicates; defects; Gd2SiO5 ID RARE-EARTH; SCINTILLATORS; CRYSTALS AB Thermally stimulated luminescence from X-irradiated Gd2SiO5:Ce, measured in the interval 300-700 K, is characterized by a main glow peak near 390 K and weaker maxima near 420, 490 and 550 K. Analysis of the well-resolved principal peak shows that it obeys first-order kinetics with thermal activation energy 1.16 eV and frequency factor 3.17 x 10(14) s(-1). The glow curve and peak parameters are similar to those found in cerium-doped M2SiO5 (M = Lu, Y, Yb, Er) and undoped Lu2SiO5. For these latter samples, it has previously been shown that the defect responsible For the principal peak (similar to 375 K) is intrinsic and common to these C2/c-structured oxyorthosilicates. The present results demonstrate that the defect is also common to Gd2SiO5:Ce, which possesses P2(1)/c symmetry, and is likely associated with the configuration of oxygen ions in the vicinity of the host lanthanide ions. An oxygen ion vacancy is a plausible candidate for this defect. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooke, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-8,MS E546, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 33 IS 4 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1016/S1350-4487(00)00141-4 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 436VJ UT WOS:000168956300003 ER PT J AU Sawant, SG Randers-Pehrson, G Metting, NF Hall, EJ AF Sawant, SG Randers-Pehrson, G Metting, NF Hall, EJ TI Adaptive response and the bystander effect induced by radiation in C3H 10T(1)/(2) cells in culture SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; IONIZING-RADIATION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; TRANSFORMATION; INDUCTION; IRRADIATION; EXPRESSION; INHIBITION AB This paper discusses two phenomena of importance at low doses that have an impact on the shape of the dose-response relationship. First, there is the bystander effect, the term used to describe the biological effects observed in cells that are not themselves traversed by a charged particle, but are neighbors of cells that are; this exaggerates the effect of small doses of radiation. Second, there is the adaptive response, whereby exposure to a low level of DNA stress renders cells resistant to a subsequent exposure; this reduces the effect of low doses of radiation. The present work was undertaken to assess the relative importance of the adaptive response and the bystander effect induced by radiation in C3H 10T1/2 cells in culture. When the single-cell microbeam delivered from 1 to 12 alpha particles through the nuclei of 10% of C3H 10T1/2 cells, more cells were inactivated than were actually traversed by alpha particles. The magnitude of this bystander effect increased with the number of particles per cell. An adaptive dose of 2 cGy of gamma rays, delivered 6 h beforehand, canceled out about half of the bystander effect produced by the alpha particles. (C) 2001 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Radiol Res, New York, NY 10032 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hall, EJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Radiol Res, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-49062]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR11623] NR 27 TC 90 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 156 IS 2 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2001)156[0177:ARATBE]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 458DP UT WOS:000170178200006 PM 11448238 ER PT J AU Qian, SN Takacs, P Sostero, G Cocco, D AF Qian, SN Takacs, P Sostero, G Cocco, D TI Portable long trace profiler: Concept and solution SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-LOAD MIRROR; ACCURACY AB Since the early development of the penta-prism long trace profiler (LTP) and the in situ LTP, and following the completion of the first in situ distortion profile measurements at Sincrotrone Trieste (ELETTRA) in Italy in 1995, a concept was developed for a compact, portable LTP with the following characteristics: easily installed on synchrotron radiation beam lines, easily carried to different laboratories around the world for measurements and calibration, convenient for use in evaluating the LTP as an in-process tool in the optical workshop, and convenient for use in temporarily installation as required by other special applications. The initial design of a compact LTP optical head was made at ELETTRA in 1995. Since 1997 further efforts to reduce the optical head size and weight, and to improve measurement stability have been made at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This article introduces the following solutions and accomplishments for the portable LTP: (1) a new design for a compact and very stable optical head, (2) the use of a small detector connected to a laptop computer directly via an enhanced parallel port, and there is no extra frame grabber interface and control box, (3) a customized small mechanical slide that uses a compact motor with a connector-sized motor controller, and (4) the use of a laptop computer system. These solutions make the portable LTP able to be packed into two laptop-size cases: one for the computer and one for the rest of the system. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. RP Qian, SN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 3198 EP 3204 DI 10.1063/1.1384452 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 455UV UT WOS:000170046900005 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, G Roberts, JP Echave, JA Taylor, AJ AF Rodriguez, G Roberts, JP Echave, JA Taylor, AJ TI High speed laser shadowgraphy for electromagnetically driven cylindrical implosions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LINER AB A laser shadowgraphy system for high-speed imaging of a convergent cylindrical shockwave generated by an electromagnetically driven solid density liner implosion in Lucite is described. The laser shadowgraphy system utilizes an advanced high-energy, long-pulse, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser for target illumination and a fast framing camera for multiple frame imaging of the shockwave as it radially converges and transits the Lucite. The time window resolution is 10 ns as determined by the fastest exposure time capable with the camera. Two on-axis symmetric implosions and two off-axis asymmetric implosion experiments were fielded at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Shiva Star 4.2 MJ capacitor bank z-pinch facility. For each experimental shot, the shadowgraphy system captured several frames of shadowgraph images as the shockwave moved through the Lucite. Analysis of the shockwave shadowgraph image shapes is done by fitting each shadowgraph image to a generic elliptical fit function and plotting the resultant two-dimensional image fits for comparison. For the on-axis symmetric implosion shots, a radial trajectory plot is extracted and a radial shock velocity is calculated. The Lucite shock speed is seen to increase monotonically from an initial velocity of 7.9 mm/mus to a near final velocity of 13.4 mm/mus as convergence effects dominate the shock speed calculated at small radii. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos Operat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriguez, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-10,Mail Stop K764, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 3230 EP 3236 DI 10.1063/1.1386908 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 455UV UT WOS:000170046900011 ER PT J AU Takahashi, H Sakakibara, S Kubota, Y Yamada, H AF Takahashi, H Sakakibara, S Kubota, Y Yamada, H TI Magnetic probe construction using thick-film technology SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTICS; TFTR AB Thick-film technology has been successfully adapted for the design and fabrication of magnetic probes of a new type suitable for use in the simultaneous ultrahigh vacuum and high temperature environment of a nuclear fusion device. The maximum usable temperature is expected to be around 900 degreesC. This new probe has a specific sensitivity (coupling area per unit volume) an order of magnitude higher than a conventional coil. The new probe in one implementation is capable of simultaneously measuring magnetic field in three orthogonal directions about a single spatial point and in two frequency ranges. Low frequency coils have a measured coupling area of 296-323 cm(2), and a frequency response of about 300 kHz. High frequency coils have a design coupling area of 12-15 cm(2). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. RP Takahashi, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013 OI Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 3249 EP 3259 DI 10.1063/1.1384431 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 455UV UT WOS:000170046900014 ER PT J AU Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D Finkenthal, M Moos, HW Kaita, R Majeski, R AF Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D Finkenthal, M Moos, HW Kaita, R Majeski, R TI Compact collimated vacuum ultraviolet diagnostics for localized impurity measurements in fusion boundary plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; DIII-D; DIVERTOR PLASMAS; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; SPHERICAL TORUS; SPECTROMETER; REGION; EFFICIENCY AB Compact vacuum ultraviolet diagnostics for impurity emission measurements in boundary plasmas of nuclear fusion plasma devices are described. The instruments are designed for monitoring intensities of resonant impurity lines between 300 and 2000 Angstrom. The intensities are used to infer basic yet important plasma parameters, such as density of impurity charge states, radiated power, or electron temperature and density estimates. All utilized components and materials satisfy ultrahigh vacuum and high bake-out temperature requirements, enabling the instruments to qualify for vacuum port or in-vessel placement, in close proximity to emitting plasmas. The instruments have high spatial (Deltal less than or equal to1 cm) and temporal (Delta tau less than or equal to 100 mus) resolution. The spectral resolution is Delta lambda less than or equal to 20 A. Planar diffraction gratings at near-normal incidence are used for dispersion of incident radiation, collimated by high precision mechanical stacked grid collimators. Highly localized field of view, adequate throughput, and compactness distinguish these diagnostics from conventional slit instruments. A prototype monochromator for lambda =1550 Angstrom has been built, evaluated, radiometrically calibrated, and used on the CDX-U spherical torus for monitoring C IV emission in ohmic and high harmonic fast wave heated plasmas with T-e(0)less than or equal to 100 eV. An attractive mechanical collimator based Wadsworth mount spectrometer concept is presented and its application to impurity content and transport measurements in tokamaks is discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Plasma Spect Grp, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Soukhanovskii, VA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 3270 EP 3276 DI 10.1063/1.1386906 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 455UV UT WOS:000170046900016 ER PT J AU van Lierop, J Ryan, DH AF van Lierop, J Ryan, DH TI An improved selective excitation double Mossbauer spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CONVERSION ELECTRON DETECTOR; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB The design, operation and performance of a selective excitation double Mossbauer (SEDM) spectrometer are described. An innovative drive-mounted conversion electron detector for scattered gamma -ray energy analysis provides a three orders of magnitude improvement in counting efficiency over previous SEDM equipment. Simple digital circuitry together with Wissel Mossbauer velocity transducers and electronics supplies energy synchronization for indefinite collection times. Magnetic materials containing resonant Mossbauer nuclei (e.g., Fe-57) can now be conveniently studied using SEDM, offering a unique insight into dynamic processes. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP van Lierop, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 3349 EP 3356 DI 10.1063/1.1386900 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 455UV UT WOS:000170046900027 ER PT J AU Weeks, BL Klosterman, J Worsey, PN AF Weeks, BL Klosterman, J Worsey, PN TI Design of a hypersonic waterjet apparatus driven by high explosives SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SUPERSONIC NOZZLE; LIQUID; DAMAGE; IMPACT AB The design and construction of a hypersonic waterjet apparatus is described. Jet velocities from 0.5 to 5 km/s have been achieved using a high explosive charge. Images are obtained in situ on various target substrates using a high-speed framing camera. Experimental results are shown for the impact of high velocity waterjets on propellants and high explosive samples. By observing the impact of the waterjet at a wide range of velocities a safety threshold can be determined where no reaction takes place. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Missouri, Rock Mech & Explos Res Ctr, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Worsey, PN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Rock Mech & Explos Res Ctr, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RI Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 3482 EP 3484 DI 10.1063/1.1388212 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 455UV UT WOS:000170046900054 ER PT J AU Fallon, RJ AF Fallon, RJ TI The development and use of electronic ruminal boluses as a vehicle for bovine identification SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE boluses; cattle; electronic identification; readability; recovery; rumen; traceability; transponders ID CATTLE; SELENIUM; CALVES; TRANSPONDERS; RUMEN; COWS AB Traceability of meat to the farm of origin is becoming increasingly important to consumers and producers. Traceability systems would be greatly facilitated by electronic animal identification which, for example, would eliminate errors associated with the manual transcription of data. Additionally, the level of production supports provided to the bovine sectors within the European Union demands a high level of security in bovine identification within this region. An electronic rumen bolus provides a safe, tamper-proof method of electronic animal identification. The success of the electronic rumen bolus is facilitated by having an applicator for young calves which delivers the bolus directly to the rumen/reticulum, a bolus with a specific density of 3 g/cm(3) or greater and portable or static readers which are capable of reading the passive transponder in the boluses. In Europe, the different methods of electronic identification are compared in a trial organised by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra, Italy. The JRC has developed a list of approved boluses used to electronically identify cattle with a unique number on the transponder which cannot be changed. The choice between a rumen bolus and ear tag as a method of electronic animal identification will depend on the degree of security required. If tampering with ear tags is thought to be possible, the rumen bolus would offer a secure alternative method of electronic animal identification. C1 TEAGASC, Beef Res Ctr, Agr & Food Dev Author, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. RP Fallon, RJ (reprint author), TEAGASC, Beef Res Ctr, Agr & Food Dev Author, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 480 EP 490 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 467EQ UT WOS:000170689800011 PM 11548520 ER PT J AU Hargrove, WW Hoffman, FM Sterling, T AF Hargrove, WW Hoffman, FM Sterling, T TI The do-it-yourself supercomputer SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Adv Comp Res, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hargrove, WW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 285 IS 2 BP 72 EP 79 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 455PE UT WOS:000170034600037 PM 11478005 ER PT J AU Kaplar, RJ Kwon, D Ringel, SA Allerman, AA Kurtz, SR Jones, ED Sieg, RM AF Kaplar, RJ Kwon, D Ringel, SA Allerman, AA Kurtz, SR Jones, ED Sieg, RM TI Deep levels in p- and n-type InGaAsN for high-efficiency multi-junction III-V solar cells SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE InGaAsN; GaInNAs; MOCVD; DLTS; multi-junction solar cells ID GAAS AB DLTS measurements have been performed on InGaAsN. Four hole traps have been identified in 1.05 eV, p-type InGaAsN and the removal of a midgap trap ( similar to 0.5 eV) during annealing has been correlated with improved bulk material properties. Improvements in MOCVD growth conditions resulted in a reduction of trap density in 1.05 eV, p-type InGaAsN. Increased indium and nitrogen composition has been correlated with higher defect concentrations in p-type InGaAsN. Two electron traps have been identified in 1.15 eV, n-type InGaAsN and annealing was found to reduce the density of the shallow electron trap. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ringel, SA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 6 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD AUG PY 2001 VL 69 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(00)00380-9 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 441QD UT WOS:000169240300010 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC Levitskaia, TG Giacovazzo, C Cascarano, G Marchand, AP Huang, Z Kumar, VS Power, TD AF Bryan, JC Levitskaia, TG Giacovazzo, C Cascarano, G Marchand, AP Huang, Z Kumar, VS Power, TD TI Synthesis, alkali metal picrate extraction properties, and X-ray crystal structure of a novel, cage-annulated monoaza-18-crown-6 host SO STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Crown ethers; X-ray structure; ab initio calculations; alkali metal picrate extraction; host-guest chemistry ID ION COMPLEXATION; CROWN-ETHERS; CAPABILITIES; EXCHANGE AB Compound 5, a cage-annulated monoaza-18-crown-6 macrocyclic polyether, has been synthesized, and its alkali metal picrate extraction capabilities have been assessed relative to those of the parent monoaza-18-crown-6 host system. It was observed that both 5 and monoaza-18-crown-6 are selective K+ picrate extractants; however, 5 appears generally to be a somewhat more efficient alkali metal picrate extractant than monoaza-18-crown-6. Interestingly, both the avidity and selectivity of 5 toward extraction of alkali metal picrates from aqueous solution into CHCl3 appears to be pH dependent. In addition, the X-ray crystal structure of an unusual hydronium ion complex of 5 [i.e., 5(HCl)(H2O)-(CHCl3)(2)] has been determined. The X-ray structure thus determined is compared with the corresponding structure of 5(HCl)(H2O) that has been calculated via application of B3LYP Density Functional Theory. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CNR, Dipartimento Geomineral Campus Univ, Ist Ric Sviluppo Metodol Cristallog, I-70125 Bari, Italy. Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, NT Stn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-0400 J9 STRUCT CHEM JI Struct. Chem. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1023/A:1016676427097 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 464LC UT WOS:000170533200011 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC Hay, BP AF Bryan, JC Hay, BP TI Molecular recognition by cesium tetrabenzo-24-crown-8 SO STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cleft; crown ether; cesium complex; crystal structure ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CROWN-ETHERS; METAL-IONS; 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE; ALKALI; COORDINATION; CHEMISTRY; CATIONS; ANIONS AB Two crystal structures of cesium tetrabenzo-24-crown-8 complexes are reported. Solvent molecules 4-methylmorpholine (1) and ethylene glycol (2) are observed to coordinate cesium within two clefts created by the cation-crown ether complex. Careful examination of the structures suggests that while both complexes exhibit sterically crowded clefts, the binding of cesium to the crown ether is perturbed only in 2. C-H . . . pi hydrogen bonding is observed between the clefts and the included guests. The ethylene glycol complex 2 forms a complex O-H . . .O hydrogen bond network between free and bound glycol and nitrate. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-0400 J9 STRUCT CHEM JI Struct. Chem. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1023/A:1016628511168 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 464LC UT WOS:000170533200012 ER PT J AU Holcomb, GR AF Holcomb, GR TI Synergistic air port corrosion in kraft recovery boilers SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HOT CORROSION; TUBES C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Holcomb, GR (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 84 IS 8 BP 35 EP 37 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 459YM UT WOS:000170279100008 ER PT J AU Keiser, JR Sarma, GB Wang, XL Hubbard, CR Swindeman, RW Singbeil, DL Singh, PM AF Keiser, JR Sarma, GB Wang, XL Hubbard, CR Swindeman, RW Singbeil, DL Singh, PM TI Why do kraft recovery boiler composite floor tubes crack? SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. PAPRICAN, Vancouver, BC V6S 2L9, Canada. Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. RP Keiser, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 84 IS 8 BP 48 EP 48 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 459YM UT WOS:000170279100015 ER PT J AU Simpson, ML Sayler, GS Fleming, JT Applegate, B AF Simpson, ML Sayler, GS Fleming, JT Applegate, B TI Whole-cell biocomputing SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIBRIO-FISCHERI; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; GENE-EXPRESSION; GREIGITE FE3S4; LIGHT ORGAN; MAGNETITE; BIOFILMS; BIOSENSORS AB The ability to manipulate systems on the molecular scale naturally leads to speculation about the rational design of molecular-scale machines. Cells might be the ultimate molecular-scale machines and our ability to engineer them is relatively advanced when compared with our ability to control the synthesis and direct the assembly of man-made materials. Indeed, engineered whole cells deployed in biosensors can be considered one of the practical successes of molecular-scale devices. However, these devices explore only a small portion of cellular functionality. Individual cells or self-organized groups of cells perform extremely complex functions that include sensing, communication. navigation, cooperation and even fabrication of synthetic nanoscopic materials. In natural systems, these capabilities are controlled by complex genetic regulatory circuits, which are only partially understood and not readily accessible for use in engineered systems. Here, we focus on efforts to mimic the functionality of man-made information-processing systems within whole cells. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Simpson, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 50 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 8 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01691-2 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 456KH UT WOS:000170081300007 PM 11451474 ER PT J AU Idachaba, MA Nyavor, K Egiebor, NO Rogers, RD AF Idachaba, MA Nyavor, K Egiebor, NO Rogers, RD TI Stability evaluation of a cement based waste form to microbially induced degradation SO WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tuskegee cement/cobalt chloride; waste form; Thiobacillus thiooxidans; Nuclear Regulatory Commission; degradation; leaching ID HAMBURG SEWER SYSTEM; CONCRETE; CORROSION AB In this study the current Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) protocol is used to evaluate the stability of Tuskegee cement/cobalt chloride waste form in the presence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans (T. thiooxidans). A critical examination of this protocol and identified limitations are reported also. Tuskegee cement/cobalt chloride waste forms were shown to exhibit considerable instability to microbial degradation as indicated by significant physical deterioration, and increased leaching of calcium and cobalt on exposure to T thiooxidans. The instability was aggravated with higher levels of cobalt chloride content of the waste forms. The degradative capability of T thiooxidans closely followed its ability to significantly decrease the pH of its environment. Inherent limitations in the NRC protocol were observed which could lead to serious result interpretation errors. The use of a T thiooxidans culture that is significantly lower in pH in comparison to the control medium could lead to an overestimation of the degradative effect of T thiooxidans' while the use of a culture that is substrate limited could result in an underestimation of T thiooxidans capability. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Program, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EG&G Idaho Inc, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Idachaba, MA (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Program, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0734-242X J9 WASTE MANAGE RES JI Waste Manage. Res. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 284 EP 291 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 485EL UT WOS:000171740500004 PM 11720262 ER PT J AU Streets, DG Tsai, NY Akimoto, H Oka, K AF Streets, DG Tsai, NY Akimoto, H Oka, K TI Trends in emissions of acidifying species in Asia, 1985-1997 SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Acidic Deposition CY DEC 10-16, 2000 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN DE emissions; acidification; Asia; sulfur dioxide; nitrogen oxides ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; NOX; SO2 AB Acid deposition is a serious problem throughout much of Asia. Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) have been increasing steadily, as nations strive to increase their levels of economic development. Coal and fuel oil have been the main choices for powering industrial development; and, until recently, only a few countries had taken steps to avert the atmospheric emissions that accompany fuel combustion. This paper discusses trends in emissions of SO2 and NOx that have occurred in Asian countries in the period 1985-1997, using results from the RAINS-Asia computer model and energy-use trends from the IEA Energy Statistics and Balances database. Emissions of SO2 in Asia grew from 26.6 Tg in 1985 to 33.7 Tg in 1990 and 39.2 Tg in 1997. Though SO2 emissions used to grow as fast as fossil-fuel use, recent limitations on the sulfur content of coal and oil have slowed the growth. The annual-average emissions growth between 1990 and 1997 was only 2.2%, considerably less than the economic growth rate. Emissions of NOx, on the other hand, continue to grow rapidly, from 14.1 Tg in 1985 to 18.7 Tg in 1990 and 28.5 Tg in 1997 (6.2% per year between 1990 and 1997), with no signs of abating. Thus, though SO2 remains the major contributor to acidifying emissions in Asia, the role of NOx will become more and more important in the future. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 153, Japan. EX Corp, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 171, Japan. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 22 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG-SEP PY 2001 VL 130 IS 1-4 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1023/A:1013883628877 PN 2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 489UY UT WOS:000172011900002 ER PT J AU Klimont, Z Cofala, J Schopp, W Amann, M Streets, DG Ichikawa, Y Fujita, S AF Klimont, Z Cofala, J Schopp, W Amann, M Streets, DG Ichikawa, Y Fujita, S TI Projections of SO2, NOx, NH3 and VOC emissions in East Asia up to 2030 SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Acidic Deposition CY DEC 10-16, 2000 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN DE SO2; NOx; NH3; VOC; East Asia; emission inventory; emission projections ID AMMONIA; INVENTORY AB Starting from an inventory of SO2, NOx, VOC and NH3 emissions for the years 1990 and 1995 in East Asia (Japan, South and North Korea, China, Mongolia and Taiwan), the temporal development of the emissions of the four air pollutants is projected to the year 2030 based on scenarios of economic development. The projections are prepared at a regional level (prefectures or provinces of individual countries) and distinguish more than 100 source categories for each region. The emission estimates are presented with a spatial resolution of 1x1 degree longitude/latitude. First results suggest that, due to the emission control legislation taken in the region, SO2 emissions would only grow by about 46 percent until 2030. Emissions of NOx and VOC may increase by 95 and 65 percent, respectively, mainly driven by the expected increase in road traffic volume. Ammonia, mainly emitted from agriculture, is projected to double by 2030. C1 Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 201, Japan. RP Klimont, Z (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. RI Magana, Felipe/B-6966-2013; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; OI Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 25 TC 85 Z9 94 U1 7 U2 43 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG-SEP PY 2001 VL 130 IS 1-4 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1023/A:1013886429786 PN 2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 489UY UT WOS:000172011900003 ER PT J AU Eliassi, M Glass, RJ AF Eliassi, M Glass, RJ TI On the continuum-scale modeling of gravity-driven fingers in unsaturated porous media: The inadequacy of the Richards equation with standard monotonic constitutive relations and hysteretic equations of state SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WETTING FRONT INSTABILITY; WATER REPELLENT SOIL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNSTABLE FLOW; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; FRACTURED ROCKS; INFILTRATION; PERSISTENCE; RESOLUTION; SIMULATION AB We consider the ability of the continuum-scale Richards equation (RE) with standard monotonic constitutive relations and hysteretic equations of state to model gravity-driven fingers in unsaturated porous media and, in particular, the underlying nommonotonicity observed along the vertical extent of fingers. As published in a number of recent papers, finger-like solutions with nonmonotonic profiles can be simulated numerically using a downwind averaging method. However, we find these fingers to be artifacts, generated by the combined effects of a truncation error induced oscillation or oversaturation at the wetting front, and capillary hysteresis. As the oscillation is removed, either through grid refinement or the use of inherently monotone schemes, the numerically generated fingers disappear, and the solution becomes monotonic. Thus the RE along with standard monotonic hydraulic properties does not contain the critical physics required to model gravity-driven fingers and must be considered inadequate for unsaturated flow in initially dry, highly nonlinear, and hysteretic media where these fingers occur. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Flor Visualizat & Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Eliassi, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Flor Visualizat & Proc Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 55 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 37 IS 8 BP 2019 EP 2035 DI 10.1029/2000WR900403 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 456NY UT WOS:000170090100001 ER PT J AU Tokunaga, TK Wan, JM AF Tokunaga, TK Wan, JM TI Approximate boundaries between different flow regimes in fractured rocks SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; ROUGH-WALLED FRACTURES; POROUS-MEDIUM; FILM FLOW; WATER; SURFACES; INFILTRATION; CONDUCTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; ADSORPTION AB Recent studies have shown how water films at near-zero matric potentials on fracture surfaces could permit fast flow in unsaturated fractures. The present work is aimed at delineating the ranges of conditions necessary to permit film flow. The approximate matric potential needed to permit thickening of water films on fracture surfaces was estimated through correlating air-entry matric potentials and permeabilities for a wide range of porous media. An upper matric potential limit, associated with saturating the fracture, was related to the fracture aperture. These two limits, one dependent on matrix permeability and the other on fracture aperture, delineate the matric potential range within which thick water films develop on fracture surfaces. Rocks with matrix permeabilities less than similar to 10(-14) m(2), and fractures with apertures greater than similar to 30 mum permit some matric potential range over which thick water films can form. Highly transmissive films can develop on fracture surfaces only under near-zero matric and pressure potentials. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tokunaga, TK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014; Wan, Jiamin/H-6656-2014 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128; NR 63 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 37 IS 8 BP 2103 EP 2111 DI 10.1029/2001WR000245 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 456NY UT WOS:000170090100007 ER PT J AU Ho, CK AF Ho, CK TI A semianalytical solution for steady infiltration in unsaturated fractured rock SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; POROUS-MEDIA; HEAT-FLOW; MODEL; TRANSPORT; REPOSITORY; EQUATION; FLUID; SOILS AB A semianalytical solution is developed for an equivalent continuum model of one-dimensional steady infiltration in unsaturated fractured rock. The differential form of the mass conservation equation is integrated to yield an analytical expression relating elevation to a function of capillary pressure and relative permeability of the fracture and rock matrix. Constitutive relationships for unsaturated flow in this analysis are taken from van Genuchten [1980] and Mualem [1976], but alternative relations can also be implemented in the integral solution. Expressions are presented for the liquid saturations and pore velocities in the fracture, matrix, and effective continuum materials as a function of capillary pressure and elevation. Results of the analytical solution are applied to examples of infiltration in fractured rock consisting of both homogeneous and composite (layered) domains. The analytical results are also compared to numerical simulations to demonstrate the use of the analytical solution as a benchmarking tool to address computational issues such as grid refinement. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 37 IS 8 BP 2285 EP 2289 DI 10.1029/2000WR000087 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 456NY UT WOS:000170090100020 ER PT J AU Bryan, AL Jagoe, CH Brant, HA Gariboldi, JC Masson, GR AF Bryan, AL Jagoe, CH Brant, HA Gariboldi, JC Masson, GR TI Mercury concentrations in post-fledging Wood Storks SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE feathers; mercury; molt; Mycteria americana; post-fledging; Wood Storks ID MYCTERIA-AMERICANA; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; WADING BIRDS; CONTAMINATION; FEATHERS; GEORGIA; METAL; MOLT AB Mercury concentrations were measured in blood, down and feather samples collected front 20 postfledging Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) captured in the coastal zone of Georgia to establish a reference level for free-ranging storks utilizing this region and assess if mercury is present in potentially hazardous concentrations. Blood concentrations ranged froth 0.04-1.57 mug Hg/g (wet weight) and down and feather concentrations ranged from 1.23-18.05 mug Hg/g (dry weight). Comparisons of observed concentrations with published levels of concern suggest that some free-ranging storks may be at risk of sublethal effects due to mercury contamination. Observed concentrations are generally higher than those reported for Wood Stork nestlings in this region from the same time period, possible resulting from differences in diet and patterns of down/feather growth and molt. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD AUG PY 2001 VL 24 IS 2 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.2307/1522042 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 459BF UT WOS:000170229400019 ER PT J AU Werner-Washburne, M Fuge, E Colina, A Brozik, S Davidson, G AF Werner-Washburne, M Fuge, E Colina, A Brozik, S Davidson, G TI Yeast stationary phase. SO YEAST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0749-503X J9 YEAST JI Yeast PD AUG PY 2001 VL 18 SU 1 BP S21 EP S21 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 462WE UT WOS:000170442100022 ER PT J AU Becher, PF Plucknett, KP Hsueh, CH AF Becher, PF Plucknett, KP Hsueh, CH TI Toughening and strengthening response in Ni3Al-bonded titanium carbide cermets SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR METALLKUNDE LA English DT Article DE titanium carbide cermets; toughening; strengthening ID NICKEL ALUMINIDE COMPOSITES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS AB Nickel aluminide. (Ni3Al) was used as a binder phase to fabricate dense TiC cermets with Ni3Al contents of up to 60 vol. % and TiC grain sizes of similar to5 to similar to0.8 mum by either sintering of mixed powders or a melt-infiltration sintering process. These TiC-Ni3Al cermets exhibit high fracture toughness together with exceptional flexure strengths (>1 GPa), which are retained at temperatures of similar to 1000 degreesC. While the flexure strength exhibited a modest increase as the Ni3Al content was raised, both the Weibull modulus (up to similar to 20) and the toughness (up to similar to 18 MPa rootm) exhibited substantial increases. The increased toughness was found to result from a combination of interface debonding and grain cleavage that combined to enhance plastic deformation of the Ni3Al ligaments in the crack wake. Crack opening displacement measurements reveal a blunted crack profile and suggest a bridging zone length in excess of 100 microns. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Becher, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-3093 J9 Z METALLKD JI Z. Metallk. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 92 IS 8 BP 995 EP 999 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 480HB UT WOS:000171455000022 ER PT J AU Shin, K Pu, Y Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, J Seeck, OH Sinha, SK Tolan, M Kolb, R AF Shin, K Pu, Y Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, J Seeck, OH Sinha, SK Tolan, M Kolb, R TI Correlated surfaces of free-standing polystyrene thin films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; SMECTIC-A FILMS; THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLYMER-FILMS; SCATTERING; INTERFACE AB We have performed X-ray specular and off-specular measurements of free-standing polystyrene thin films as a function of molecular weight and thickness. The results show films thicker than a few radii of gyration (R-g) are well fit by a simple liquid model. This confirms the assumption that the anomalies previously reported in the scattering intensity from polymer films of comparable thickness were mostly due to confinement by long-ranged interactions with the substrate rather than a fundamental property of viscoelastic fluids. The simple liquid model was found to be insufficient to fit the transverse diffuse data for films thinner than a few R-g. Longitudinal diffuse scattering data demonstrated that the roughness at the two interfaces is highly correlated when the film thicknesses are approximately 2R(g). Hence, very thin films do not exhibit liquidlike behavior, and higher-order elastic terms may have to be included into models to describe their rheological behavior. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, XFD APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Rafailovich, MH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Shin, Kwanwoo /C-4979-2012; OI Shin, Kwanwoo/0000-0002-7563-8581 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 31 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 16 BP 5620 EP 5626 DI 10.1021/ma001918d PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 457TD UT WOS:000170152200039 ER PT J AU Srivatsan, TS Ravi, BG Naruka, AS Riester, L Yoo, S Sudarshan, TS AF Srivatsan, TS Ravi, BG Naruka, AS Riester, L Yoo, S Sudarshan, TS TI A study of microstructure and hardness of bulk copper sample obtained by consolidating nanocrystalline powders using plasma pressure compaction SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE microhardness; microstructure; ultrafine-grained materials ID BEHAVIOR; CU; PD AB Bulk copper samples were prepared by consolidating ultrafine-grained copper powders using the technique of Plasma Pressure Compaction. The microstructure and hardness are compared with a sample made from consolidating micron-sized powders using identical processing conditions. Samples made by consolidating nanometer powders revealed evidence of grain coarsening and a higher density than the sample made from consolidating micron-sized powders. Both nanohardness and microhardness measurements revealed an increase in hardness of the bulk sample obtained by consolidating the smaller sized powders. influence of powder particle size and processing variables on microstructure, to include the presence and distribution of artifacts, density, and microhardness are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Mech Characterizat & Anal Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Mat Modificat Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Srivatsan, TS (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 31 PY 2001 VL 311 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)00931-5 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 439MH UT WOS:000169120300003 ER PT J AU Zhu, JZ Chen, LQ Shen, J Tikare, V AF Zhu, JZ Chen, LQ Shen, J Tikare, V TI Computing the effective diffusivity using a spectral method SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE effective diffusivity; diffuse interface; diffusion equation; spectral method; microstructures ID EQUATIONS AB We developed a numerical method for computing the effective properties of a microstructure. The method is particularly efficient and accurate for microstructures with a diffuse-interface description similar to those generated from phase-field simulations. In particular, we considered the diffusive transport property of a microstructure by solving the steady-state diffusion equation using a Fourier-Chebyshev spectral method. Computed effective diffusivities agree very well with existing analytical solutions and computer simulations for a number of simple model systems. Combining with the phase-field model for simulating microstructure evolution, the proposed method can be applied for modeling the temporal evolution of effective properties. This is illustrated by considering grain growth and the corresponding effective transport property evolution as function of time. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhu, JZ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 119 Steidle Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Shen, Jie/B-4956-2014; Shen, Jie/P-4151-2016 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Shen, Jie/0000-0002-4885-5732; Shen, Jie/0000-0002-4885-5732 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 31 PY 2001 VL 311 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)00961-3 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 439MH UT WOS:000169120300015 ER PT J AU Kachroo, P Shanklin, J Shah, J Whittle, EJ Klessig, DF AF Kachroo, P Shanklin, J Shah, J Whittle, EJ Klessig, DF TI A fatty acid desaturase modulates the activation of defense signaling pathways in plants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CARRIER-PROTEIN DESATURASE; NEONATAL CARDIAC MYOCYTES; SALICYLIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; JASMONIC ACID; CELL-DEATH; MUTANT AB Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important rote in activating various plant defense responses, including expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and systemic acquired resistance. A critical positive regulator of the SA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis is encoded by the NPR1 gene. However, there is growing evidence that NPR1-independent pathways can also activate PR expression and disease resistance. To elucidate the components associated with NPR1-independent defense signaling, we isolated a suppresser of the npr1-5 allele, designated ssi2. The recessive ssi2 mutation confers constitutive PR gene expression, spontaneous lesion formation, and enhanced resistance to Peronospora parasitica. In contrast, a subset of defense responses regulated by the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, including expression of the defensin gene PDF1.2 and resistance to Botrytis cinerea, is impaired in ssi2 plants. With the use of a map-based approach, the SSI2 gene was Boned and shown to encode a stearoyl-ACP desaturase (S-ACP DES). S-ACP DES is an archetypical member of a family of soluble fatty acid (FA) desaturases; these enzymes play an important role in regulating the overall level of desaturated FAs in the cell. The activity of mutant S-ACP DES enzyme was reduced 10-fold, resulting in elevation of the 18:0 FA content in ssi2 plants. Because reduced S-ACP DES activity leads to the induction of certain defense responses and the inhibition of others, we propose that a FA-derived signal modulates crosstalk between different defense signaling pathways. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Klessig, DF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 56 TC 220 Z9 235 U1 3 U2 37 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 31 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 16 BP 9448 EP 9453 DI 10.1073/pnas.151258398 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 458VV UT WOS:000170216900096 PM 11481500 ER PT J AU Dragoi, D Ustundag, E Clausen, B Bourke, MAM AF Dragoi, D Ustundag, E Clausen, B Bourke, MAM TI Investigation of thermal residual stresses in tungsten-fiber/bulk metallic glass matrix composites SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metallic glasses; neutron scattering; thermal expansion; shear bands; non-destructive evaluation ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; VISCOUS-FLOW; ZR41.2TI13.8CU12.5NI10.0BE22.5; CRYSTALLIZATION; RELAXATION; VISCOSITY; ALLOY C1 CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dragoi, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, M-C 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 19 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL 31 PY 2001 VL 45 IS 2 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01031-4 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 470YH UT WOS:000170899700017 ER PT J AU Houk, RS AF Houk, RS TI Studying with Velmer Fassel - the later years SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID EMISSION ANALYTICAL SPECTROMETRY C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUL 31 PY 2001 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1047 EP 1050 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00259-2 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 468MY UT WOS:000170762500004 ER PT J AU Houk, RS Zhai, Y AF Houk, RS Zhai, Y TI Comparison of mass spectrometric and optical measurements of temperature and electron density in the inductively coupled plasma during mass spectrometric sampling SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE inductively coupled plasma, ICP; inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, ICP-MS; temperature measurements; electron density measurements; plasma diagnostics ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; ARGON PLASMA; IONIZATION TEMPERATURE; ULTRASONIC NEBULIZER; NUMBER DENSITIES; MATRIX; EXCITATION; PARAMETERS AB Electron density (n(c)) and ionization temperature (T-ion) are measured using atomic emission spectrometry (AES) from the small funnel of gas just outside the sampling orifice of an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Rotational temperature (T-rot) is measured using an OH emission band. T-ion is also determined for the same elements (Zn and Cd) by using M+ ion signal ratios by MS. For matrix-free solutions, typical values are n(e) = 1.6 x 10(15) cm(-3), T-rot = 3340 K, T-ion (MS) approximate to T-ion (AES) approximate to 7000 K. This agreement between the T-ion values supports other observations that, for atomic analyte ions M+ of similar m/z values in matrix-free solutions, the relative signals in the mass spectrum reflect the corresponding relative abundances in the ICP region being drawn into the sampler. Using either MS or AES, T-ion for Cd is 300-400 K higher than that for Zn, which indicates that T-ion can vary for different elements in the ICP. Sodium nitrate matrix at levels up to 1000 ppm Na does not cause a measurable change in n(e); 2000 ppm Na causes n(e), to increase to 2.1 x 10(15) cm(-3). Sodium matrix has a large effect on the MS signal levels but does not greatly change the resulting T-ion values measured optically. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUL 31 PY 2001 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1055 EP 1067 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00202-6 PG 13 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 468MY UT WOS:000170762500005 ER PT J AU Houk, RS Praphairaksit, N AF Houk, RS Praphairaksit, N TI Dissociation of polyatomic ions in the inductively coupled plasma SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE polyatomic ion; dissociation reaction; measured ion signal ratio; ICP-MS; inductively coupled plasma ID LANGMUIR PROBE MEASUREMENTS; LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; SUPPLEMENTAL ELECTRON SOURCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; KINETIC ENERGIES; BOND-ENERGIES; GROUND-STATE; OXIDE IONS AB A general method for identifying the origin of a particular polyatomic ion is described. Based on a postulated dissociation reaction, measured ion signal ratios (e.g. Ar-2(+)/Ar+) are combined with mass bias corrections and estimates of the density of the neutral product (usually Ar, O or H atoms) to determine a gas kinetic temperature T-gas. The temperature can also be measured by the reduction in pressure when the ICP is sampled (compared to room temperature argon), or by other means. Dissociation energies and spectroscopic constants for the ions are necessary. For the particular instrument used, some of the findings of this study are: (a) ArO+ and ArN+ can be either dissociated (if the plasma potential is high) or created (if the plasma potential is low) by collisions between the sampler and skimmer; (b) the strongly-bound oxide ions O-2(+) and MO+ for the rare earths are observed at levels consistent with T-gas similar to 5300 K in a 'hot' plasma, but ClO+ is formed in excess; and (c) the abundances of most other polyatomic ions like H2O+ and ArH+ correspond to higher densities than would be expected in the ICP itself. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 81 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUL 31 PY 2001 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1069 EP 1096 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00236-1 PG 28 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 468MY UT WOS:000170762500006 ER PT J AU Kahr, MS Abney, KD Olivares, JA AF Kahr, MS Abney, KD Olivares, JA TI Analysis of solid uranium samples using a small mass spectrometer SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; quadrupole mass spectrometer; uranium hexafluoride; uranium analysis; fluorination chemistry; isotopic analysis ID DISCHARGE OPTOGALVANIC SPECTROSCOPY AB A mass spectrometer for isotopic analysis of solid uranium samples has been constructed and evaluated. This system employs the fluorinating agent chlorine trifluoride (CIF3) to convert solid uranium samples into their volatile uranium hexafluorides (UF,). The majority of unwanted gaseous byproducts and remaining CIF3 are removed from the sample vessel by condensing the UF, and then pumping away the unwanted gases. The UF6 gas is then introduced into a quadrupole mass spectrometer and ionized by electron impact ionization. The doubly charged bare metal uranium ion (U2+) is used to determine the U-235/U-238 isotopic ratio. Precision and accuracy for several isotopic standards were found to be better than 12%, without further calibration of the system. The analysis can be completed in 25 min from sample loading, to UF6 reaction, to mass spectral analysis. The method is amenable to uranium solid matrices, and other actinides. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olivares, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUL 31 PY 2001 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1127 EP 1132 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00235-X PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 468MY UT WOS:000170762500009 ER PT J AU Wayne, DM Hang, W McDaniel, DK Fields, RE Rios, E Majidi, V AF Wayne, DM Hang, W McDaniel, DK Fields, RE Rios, E Majidi, V TI A linear time-of-flight mass analyzer for thermal ionization cavity mass spectrometry SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE thermal ionization cavity; thermal ionization mass spectrometry; time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS; isotope ratio; precision; accuracy ID ISOTOPE RATIO DETERMINATIONS; ION-SOURCE; ICP-TOFMS; PERFORMANCE; EVAPORATION; FRACTIONATION; MOLYBDENUM; PLUTONIUM; EMISSION; URANIUM AB In this paper we report the basic design characteristics, typical operating parameters, and isotope ratio performance of an orthogonal acceleration linear thermal ionization cavity time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TIC-TOFMS). The present system is capable of mass resolution of 750-850 (FWHM) over a wide range of masses, and can generate and analyze multi-element spectra from sub-mug samples (solids and solution residues) in < 30-45 min. The optimum precision (tcr) of isotope ratios determined from 60-80 spectra (each the average of 600 individual spectra) is 0.2-0.4% R.S.D., and is limited by the instrument drift, dead time and the data acquisition and processing capabilities of the 8-bit digital oscilloscope used to collect the data. Isotope ratio accuracy (1 sigma, per mass unit) for major isotopes is typically < +/-1.0%. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat & Technol Div, NMT15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C ACS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat & Technol Div, Actinide Ceram & Fabricat Grp, NMT9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wayne, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat & Technol Div, NMT15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUL 31 PY 2001 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1175 EP 1194 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00207-5 PG 20 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 468MY UT WOS:000170762500013 ER PT J AU Jia, D Wang, YM Ramesh, KT Ma, E Zhu, YT Valiev, RZ AF Jia, D Wang, YM Ramesh, KT Ma, E Zhu, YT Valiev, RZ TI Deformation behavior and plastic instabilities of ultrafine-grained titanium SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE; MECHANISMS; DUCTILITY; STRAIN AB Ultrafine-grained (UFG) Ti samples have been prepared using equal channel angular pressing followed by cold rolling and annealing. The deformation behavior of these materials, including strain hardening, strain rate dependence of flow stress, deformation/failure mode, and tensile necking instability, have been systematically characterized. The findings are compared with those for conventional coarse-grained Ti and used to explain the limited tensile ductility observed so far for UFG or nanocrystalline metals. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. RP Jia, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Ma, En/A-3232-2010; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 18 TC 317 Z9 331 U1 13 U2 87 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 5 BP 611 EP 613 DI 10.1063/1.1384000 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 455FB UT WOS:000170015900019 ER PT J AU Klingelhofer, F Minshull, TA Blackman, DK Harben, P Childers, V AF Klingelhofer, F Minshull, TA Blackman, DK Harben, P Childers, V TI Crustal structure of Ascension Island from wide-angle seismic data: implications for the formation of near-ridge volcanic islands SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Ocean; volcanic centers; Ascension Island; refraction methods; flexure; crust ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; EMPEROR SEAMOUNT CHAIN; LITHOSPHERIC FLEXURE; STRUCTURE BENEATH; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; JASPER SEAMOUNT; CANARY-ISLANDS; MANTLE PLUMES; LA REUNION; HOTSPOT AB The study of the internal structure of volcanic islands is important for understanding how such islands form and how the lithosphere deforms beneath them. Studies to date have focused on very large volcanic edifices (e.g., Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas), but less attention has been paid to smaller islands, which are more common. Ascension Island, a 4-km high volcanic edifice with a basal diameter of 60 kin, is located in the equatorial Atlantic (8 degreesS), 90 km west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge on 7 Ma oceanic lithosphere. We present results of a wide-angle seismic profile crossing the island revealing a crustal thickness of 12-13 kin, an overthickened layer 3 (7 kin thick) and little evidence of lithospheric flexure. Together these results suggest Ascension Island may be older than previously assumed and may have begun forming at an on-axis position around 6-7 Ma. This hypothesis is further supported by the presence of a young 1.4-km high edifice directly adjacent to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with a volume about 1/7 that of Ascension Island, possibly representing the earliest stages of seamount formation. Excess magmatism appears to be related to the tectonic setting at the ridge-fracture zone intersection. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IFREMER, Ctr Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France. Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Scripps Inst Oceanog, IGPP, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Cambridge, Bullard Labs, Dept Earth Sci, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, England. EM frauke@esc.cam.ac.uk RI Minshull, Timothy/D-1147-2010; OI Minshull, Timothy/0000-0002-8202-1379; Klingelhoefer, Frauke/0000-0001-5838-0577 NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 190 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00362-4 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 456MU UT WOS:000170087300004 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Lee, DG White, PS Meyer, TJ AF Huynh, MHV Lee, DG White, PS Meyer, TJ TI Redox-induced terpyridyl substitution in the Os(VI)-hydrazido complex, trans-[Os-VI(tpy)(Cl)(2)(NN(CH2)(4)O)](2+) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OSMIUM HYDRAZIDO COMPLEXES; OXIDATION; LIGAND AB Reaction between the Os(VI)-hydrazido complex, trans-[Os-VI(tPY)(CI)(2)(NN(CH2)(4)O)](2+) (tpy = 2,2 ' :6 ' ,2 " -terpyridine and O(CH2)(4)N- = morpholide), and a series of N- or O-bases gives as products the substituted Os(VI)-hydrazido complexes, trans-[Os-VI(4 ' -RNtpy)(Cl)(2)(NN(CH2)(4)O)](2+) or trans- [Os-VI(4 ' -ROtpy)(CI)(2)(NN(CH2)(4)O)](2+) (RN- = anilide (PhNH-); S,S-diphenyl sulfilimide (Ph2S=N-); benzophenone imide (Ph2C=N-); piperidide ((CH2)(5)N-); morpholide (O(CH2)(4)N-); ethylamide (EtNH-); diethylamide (Et2N-); and tert-butylamide (t-BuNH-) and RO- = tert-butoxide (t-BuO-) and acetate (MeCO2-). The rate law for the formation of the morpholide-substituted complex is first order in trans-[Os-VI(tpy)(Cl)(2)(NN(CH2)(4)O)](2+) and second order in morpholine with k(morp)(25 degreesC, CH3CN) = (2.15 +/- 0.04) x 10(6) M-2 s(-1). Possible mechanisms are proposed for substitution at the 4 ' -position of the tpy ligand by the added nucleophiles. The key features of the suggested mechanisms are the extraordinary electron withdrawing effect of Os(VI) on tpy and the ability of the metal to undergo intramolecular Os(VI) to Os(IV) electron transfer. These substituted Os(Vl)-hydrazido complexes can be electrochemically reduced to the corresponding Os(V), Os(IV), and Os(III) forms. The Os-N bond length of 1.778(4) Angstrom and Os-N-N angle of 172.5(4) degrees in trans-[Os-VI(4 ' -O(CH2)(4)Ntpy)(CI)(2)(NN(CH2)(4)O)](2+) are consistent with sp-hybridization of the alpha -nitrogen of the hydrazido ligand and an Os-N triple bond. The extensive ring substitution chemistry implied for the Os(Vl)-hydrazido complexes is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Venable & Kenan Labs, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663,MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 16 BP 3842 EP 3849 DI 10.1021/ic001154i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 458MX UT WOS:000170199100004 PM 11466041 ER PT J AU Hay, BP Dixon, DA Vargas, R Garza, J Raymond, KN AF Hay, BP Dixon, DA Vargas, R Garza, J Raymond, KN TI Structural criteria for the rational design of selective ligands. 3. Quantitative structure-stability relationship for iron(III) complexation by tris-catecholamide siderophores SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID IRON TRANSPORT COMPOUNDS; MM3 FORCE-FIELD; ION SEQUESTERING AGENTS; INTRAMOLECULAR REARRANGEMENT REACTIONS; 6-MEMBERED CHELATE RINGS; HOST GUEST COMPLEXATION; ALKALINE-EARTH CATIONS; MOLECULAR-MECHANICS; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY AB We present an extended MM3 model for catecholamide ligands and their Fe3+ complexes and the application of this model to understand how ligand architecture effects Fe3+ binding affinity. Force field parameters were fit to geometries and energies from electronic structure calculations, and to crystal structure data. Optimized geometries are reported for phenol, acetamide, the phenol-phenol dimer, the acetamide -phenol dimer, and N-methylsalicylamide (HMSA) at the BLYP/DZVP2/A2 level of theory. Optimized geometries and relative energies are reported for the pseudo-octahedral ground state and the trigonal planar transition state of [Fe(CAT)(3)](3-) at the VWN/.DZVP2/Al level of theory. The MM3 model is validated by comparison of calculated structures with crystal structures containing 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (H(2)CAT) and 2,3-dihydroxy-N-methylbenzamide (H(2)MBA) fragments, crystal structures of [Fe(CAT)(3)](3-) and tris-catecholamide Fe3+ complexes, and comparison of MM3 (6.8 kcal/ mol) and VWN (5.9 kcal/mol) barriers for intramolecular octahedral inversion in [Fe(CAT)(3)](3-). The MM3 model also rationalizes the higher inversion barrier (14 to 18 kcal/mol) reported for [Ga(NN-diisopropylterephthalamide)(3)](3)([Ga(DIPTA)(3)](3-)). Conformational searches were performed on enterobactin (H6ENT), 1,3,5-tris(2,3-dihydroxy-benzamidomethyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene (H(6)EMECAM), 1,3,5-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzamidomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (H(6)MMECAM), 1,3,5-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzamidomethyl)benzene (H(6)MECAM), and 1,5,9-N,N',N'-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)cyclotriazatridecane (H-6-3,3,4-CYCAM) and Fe3+ complexes with each of these ligands. A conformational search also was done on the Fe3+ complex with the 2,2',2"-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzamido)triethylammonium cation (H(7)TRENCAM(+)). The relationship between calculated steric energies and measured thermodynamic quantities is discussed, and linear correlations between formation constants and steric energy differences are reported. Extrapolation to zero strain predicts formation constants 8 +/- 5 orders of magnitude higher than that exhibited by ENT (10(49)) are possible. This prediction is supported by a formation constant of 10(63) estimated from the formation constant of [Fe(2,3-dihydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzamide)(3)](3-) ([Fe(DMBA)(3)](3-)) by considering the entropic consequences of connecting three DMBA ligands to a rigid backbone. Structural criteria for the identification of improved tris-catecholate ligand architectures are presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Div Ciencias Basicas & Ingn, Dept Quim, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Garza, Jorge/H-9395-2016; Garza-Olguin, Jorge/N-3106-2016 OI Garza, Jorge/0000-0003-4249-6078; Garza-Olguin, Jorge/0000-0003-4249-6078 NR 104 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 16 BP 3922 EP 3935 DI 10.1021/ic001380s PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 458MX UT WOS:000170199100013 PM 11466050 ER PT J AU Giusto, S Halpern, MB AF Giusto, S Halpern, MB TI Hamiltonian formulation of open WZW strings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID WESS-ZUMINO MODEL; 2 DIMENSIONS; FIELD-THEORY; OPERATORS; BRANES AB Using a Hamiltonian approach, we construct the classical and quantum theory of open WZW strings on a strip. (These are the strings which end on WZW branes.) The development involves non-Abelian generalized Dirichlet images in an essential way. At the classical level, we find a new non-commutative geometry in which the equal-time coordinate brackets are non-zero at the world-sheet boundary, and the result is an intrinsically non-Abelian effect which vanishes in the Abelian limit. Using the classical theory as a guide to the quantum theory, we also find the operator algebra and the analogue of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations for the conformal field theory of open WZW strings. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Giusto, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 16 IS 19 BP 3237 EP 3271 DI 10.1142/S0217751X0100427X PG 35 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 463LD UT WOS:000170476900004 ER PT J AU Jones, KW Feng, H Stern, EA Lodge, J Clesceri, NL AF Jones, KW Feng, H Stern, EA Lodge, J Clesceri, NL TI Dredged material decontamination demonstration for the port of New York/New Jersey SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dredged material; decontamination; beneficial use; commercialization; NY/NJ harbor ID HUDSON-RIVER ESTUARY; SEDIMENTS; METAL AB Management of contaminated dredged material is a significant challenge in the Port of New York and New Jersey as a result of more stringent regional ocean placement regulations with escalating costs for upland placement. One component of an overall management plan can be the application of a decontamination technology followed by creation of a product suitable for beneficial use. This concept is the focus of a project now being carried out by the US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2, the US Army Corps of Engineers, New York District, the US Department of Energy, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and regional university groups that have included Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Rutgers University, New Jersey Institute of Technology, and Stevens Institute of Technology. The project has progressed through phased testing of commercial technologies at the bench scale (15 liters) (Marcor, Metcalf & Eddy, Gas Technology Institute, Westinghouse Science & Technology, BioGenesis, International Technology, and BioSafe) and pilot-scale (1.5-500 m(3)) (BioGenesis, Gas Technology Institute, and Westinghouse Science & Technology) levels. The technologies developed by Gas Technology Institute and BioGenesis are now going forward to commercial demonstration facilities that are intended to treat from 23 000 to 60 000 m(3) of dredged material during their first operational period in 2001-2002. Beneficial use products are soils and cement. Treatment costs for the final commercial facilities are estimated at US$ 39 per m(3). Selection of the technologies was made based on the effectiveness of the treatment process, evaluation of the possible beneficial use of the treated materials, and other factors. Major elements of the project are summarized here. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, New York, NY 10278 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kwj@bnl.gov NR 20 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 85 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 127 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00225-4 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 474GQ UT WOS:000171098300009 PM 11463507 ER PT J AU Edenborn, HM Brickett, LA AF Edenborn, HM Brickett, LA TI Bacteria in gel probes: comparison of the activity of immobilized sulfate-reducing bacteria with in situ sulfate reduction in a wetland sediment SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE gel probes; immobilized bacteria; mine drainage; sulfate reduction; remediation ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS; NATURAL-WATERS; LAKE; IRON; METALS; PROTECTION; BIOSENSOR; GRADIENTS; SURVIVAL AB A novel method was used to examine the microbial ecology of iron-rich wetland sediments receiving neutral-pH coal mine drainage. Gel probes inserted into the sediments allowed analysis of the distribution and activity of bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). A mixed population of sulfate-reducing bacteria enriched from anoxic wetland sediments was immobilized in low temperature-gelling agarose held in grooved rods or probes. The probes were inserted vertically into sediments and were allowed to incubate in situ for 48 h. After their retrieval, the gels were sectioned and analyzed for residual BSR activity and were compared to in situ BSR rates and chemical porewater profiles. The depth distribution of residual BSR activity in the immobilized cell gel probes differed significantly from the BSR measured in situ. Approximately 51% of the total integrated residual sulfate reduction activity measured in the gel probes occurred between 0 and 7 cm of the upper 20 cm of sediment. In contrast, ca. 99% of the integrated in situ BSR occurred between 7- and 20-cm depth, and only 1% of the total integrated rate occurred between 0- and 7-cm depth. Lactate-enriched bacteria immobilized in the gel may have been atypical of the majority of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the sediment. Agarose-immobilized sulfate-reducing bacteria might also be able to proliferate in the otherwise inhospitable zone of iron reduction, where sulfate and labile carbon compounds for which they are usually outcompeted can diffuse freely into the gel matrix. Gel probes containing particulate iron monosulfide (FeS) indicated that FeS remained stable in sediments at depths greater than 2 to 3 cm below the sediment-water interface, consistent with the shallow penetration of oxygen into surface sediments. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Edenborn, HM (reprint author), US DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technol Ctr, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(01)00261-5 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 443KB UT WOS:000169339400006 PM 11412913 ER PT J AU Karny, M Batist, L Brown, BA Cano-Ott, D Collatz, R Gadea, A Grzywacz, R Guglielmetti, A Hellstrom, M Hu, Z Janas, Z Kirchner, R Moroz, F Piechaczek, A Plochocki, A Roeckl, E Rubio, B Rykaczewski, K Shibata, M Szerypo, J Tain, JL Wittmann, V Wohr, A AF Karny, M Batist, L Brown, BA Cano-Ott, D Collatz, R Gadea, A Grzywacz, R Guglielmetti, A Hellstrom, M Hu, Z Janas, Z Kirchner, R Moroz, F Piechaczek, A Plochocki, A Roeckl, E Rubio, B Rykaczewski, K Shibata, M Szerypo, J Tain, JL Wittmann, V Wohr, A TI Determination of the Gamow-Teller strength function for the neutron-deficient isotopes In104-107 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE RADIOACTIVITY In-104.105 [from Cr-50(Ni-58, xpyn)] and In-106.107 [from Cr-52(Ni-58, xpyn)]; measured E gamma, l gamma; deduced beta-intensity and beta-strength distribution; on-line mass separation; total absorption spectrometer; NaI(TI) detectors; Ge detectors; Si detectors; NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Cd104-107; In104-107; calculated levels; Gamow-Teller strength; SHELL MODEL ID BETA-DECAY; SN-100; RESONANCE; IN-103 AB The Gamow-Teller beta decays of the neutron-deficient indium isotopes In104-107 have been investigated by using total absorption gamma -ray spectrometry on mass-separated sources. The experimental Gamow-Teller strength, deduced as a function of the excitation energy in the daughter nuclei Cd104-107, is compared to shell-model predictions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. IFIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. EM e.rocckl@gsi.de RI Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Rubio, Berta/M-1060-2014; Gadea, Andres/L-8529-2014 OI Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Rubio, Berta/0000-0002-9149-4151; Gadea, Andres/0000-0002-4233-1970 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 690 IS 4 BP 367 EP 381 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00694-1 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 450EQ UT WOS:000169728900004 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D Kovchegov, YV Levin, E AF Kharzeev, D Kovchegov, YV Levin, E TI QCD instantons and the soft pomeron SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE pomeron; instanton; nonperturbative QCD; high-energy scattering; QCD vacuum; pomeron trajectory ID BFKL POMERON; PERTURBATION-THEORY; DIPOLE PICTURE; BARYON-NUMBER; HIGH-ENERGIES; SMALL-X; SCATTERING; VACUUM; SECTOR; TRANSITIONS AB We study the r (o) over cap le of semiclassical QCD vacuum solutions in high-energy scattering by considering the instanton contribution to hadronic cross sections. We propose a new type of instanton-induced interactions ("instanton ladder") that leads to the rising with energy cross section sigma similar to s(Delta) of Regge type (the pomeron). We argue that this interaction may be responsible for the structure of the soft pomeron. The intercept Delta > 0 is calculated. It has a nonanalytic dependence on the strong coupling constant, allowing a nonsingular continuation into the nonperturbative region. We derive the pomeron trajectory, which appears to be approximately linear in some range of (negative) momentum transfer t, but exhibits a curvature at small t. Possible r (o) over cap le of instantons in multiparticle production is also discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, HEP Dept, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Kovchegov, YV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 62 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 690 IS 4 BP 621 EP 646 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(01)00352-9 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 450EQ UT WOS:000169728900018 ER PT J AU Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Barnes, PD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, J Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA D'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Yang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, D Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Messer, M Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavssiliou, V Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, RJ Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S AF Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Barnes, PD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, J Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA D'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Yang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, D Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Messer, M Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavssiliou, V Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, RJ Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Measurement of the midrapidity transverse energy distribution from root(NN)-N-S=130 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCINTILLATOR ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; NUCLEON AB The first measurement of energy produced transverse to the beam direction at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory is presented. The midrapidity transverse energy density per participating nucleon rises steadily with the number of participants, closely paralleling the rise in charged-particle density, such that (E-T)/(N-ch) remains relatively constant as a function of centrality. The energy density calculated via Bjorken's prescription for the 2% most central Au + Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 130 GeV is at least epsilon (Bj) = 4.6 GeV/fm(3), which is a factor of 1.6 larger than found at rootS(NN) = 17.2 GeV (Pb + Pb at CERN). C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Nantes, Ecole Mines Nantes, SUBATECH, CNRS,IN2P3, F-44307 Nantes 3, France. St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. RP Adcox, K (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 14 TC 143 Z9 144 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 5 AR 052301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.052301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 458UD UT WOS:000170212200011 PM 11497762 ER PT J AU Camillone, N Khan, KA Yarmoff, JA Osgood, RM AF Camillone, N Khan, KA Yarmoff, JA Osgood, RM TI Surface-reconstruction-switched adsorbate photofragmentation dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; METHYL HALIDES; 001 SURFACES; GAAS(110); PHOTOCHEMISTRY; DEPENDENCE; GAAS(100)-(2X4); FRAGMENTATION; ATTACHMENT; ADSORPTION AB Energy-resolved angular distributions of neutral fragments ejected during photoinduced electron transfer reaction of CH3Br on GaAs(100) exhibit three distinct methyl-radical ejection channels. These undergo marked changes when the termination is switched from the Ga-rich c(8 x 2) to the As-rich c(2 x 8). Our observations are consistent with a strong adsorption-site dependence of the dynamics. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Radiat Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Camillone, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM nicholas@bnl.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 5 AR 056101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.056101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 458UD UT WOS:000170212200038 PM 11497789 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, KO Lookman, T Saxena, A Bishop, AR Albers, RC Shenoy, SR AF Rasmussen, KO Lookman, T Saxena, A Bishop, AR Albers, RC Shenoy, SR TI Three-dimensional elastic compatibility and varieties of twins in martensites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATIONS; BOUNDARIES; MODEL AB We model a cubic-to-tetragonal martensitic transition by a Ginzburg-Landau free energy in the symmetric strain tensor. We show in three dimensions (3D) that solving the St. Venant compatibility relations for strain, treated as independent field equations, generates three anisotropic long-range potentials between the two order parameter components. These potentials encode 3D discrete symmetries, express the energetics of lattice integrity, and determine 3D textures. Simulation predictions include twins with temperature-varying orientation, helical twins, competing metastable states, and compatibility-induced elastic frustration. Our approach also applies to improper ferroelastics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. RP Rasmussen, KO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723 NR 17 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 5 AR 055704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.055704 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 458UD UT WOS:000170212200035 PM 11497786 ER PT J AU Allendorf, MD AF Allendorf, MD TI Research needs for coatings on glass. Summary of the US Department of Energy roadmapping workshop SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Coatings and Glass (ICCG) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2000 CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS SP ICCG Int Org Comm, TNO TDP, Div Mat Res & Technol DE coatings workshop; chemical vapor deposition (CVD); optical coatings; sputtering AB A workshop entitled Coatings on Glass was held on 18-19 January 2000 at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, CA, USA with the purpose of identifying key targets for improvement, technology barriers, and research needs relevant to the manufacturing of coated glass products. Experts from the glass and coatings industries, universities, and government laboratories participated. Small groups focussed on the needs of the four major sectors of the coatings industry: flat glass; container glass; fiber glass; and specialty coatings. The large number of recommendations are summarized briefly in this article. A report giving complete details is available from the author for those wishing to obtain additional information. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Allendorf, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 392 IS 2 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01021-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 454CM UT WOS:000169954900004 ER PT J AU Hutchins, MG Topping, AJ Anderson, C Olive, F van Nijnatten, P Polato, P Roos, A Rubin, M AF Hutchins, MG Topping, AJ Anderson, C Olive, F van Nijnatten, P Polato, P Roos, A Rubin, M TI Measurement and prediction of angle-dependent optical properties of coated glass products: results of an inter-laboratory comparison of spectral transmittance and reflectance SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Coatings and Glass (ICCG) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2000 CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS SP ICCG Int Org Comm, TNO TDP, Div Mat Res & Technol DE optical properties; angle dependence; coatings; glass AB The European Union ADOPT project has been concerned with the accurate determination of the optical properties of coated glass products, describing reliable procedures for angle-dependent measurements and the development of predictive algorithms to enable accurate angle-dependent performance characterisation based upon near-normal values only. An essential element of the ADOPT project was the inter-laboratory comparison of transmittance and reflectance measurements for commercially available glazings. Thirteen European and three USA laboratories participated. The selected samples represent major categories of coated glass products used in buildings, Each participant received a set of samples and measured the angle-dependent spectral transmittance and reflectance under appropriate polarisation conditions for incident wavelengths within the solar spectral distribution. Calibrated mirrors were also provided for reference purposes. This paper presents the results of the inter-comparison which show that near-normal solar, visible and spectral transmittance and reflectance can be measured with an uncertainty of better than +/-0.02, The inter-comparison illustrates the difficulties still experienced in making accurate oblique incidence measurements. The predictive algorithms, which require near-normal input data only, are capable of predicting the angle-dependent transmittance, reflectance and total solar energy transmittance for double and triple glazed windows to an accuracy which enables reliable calculation of the annual solar heat gain through windows, (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oxford Brookes Univ, Sch Engn, Solar Energy Mat Res Lab, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. St Gobain Rech, F-93304 Aubervilliers, France. CSTB, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. TNO, Inst Appl Phys, NL-5600 AN Eindhoven, Netherlands. Stn Sperimentale Vetro, I-30141 Murano, Italy. Univ Uppsala, Dept Mat Sci, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hutchins, MG (reprint author), Oxford Brookes Univ, Sch Engn, Solar Energy Mat Res Lab, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 392 IS 2 BP 269 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01042-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 454CM UT WOS:000169954900023 ER PT J AU DePaolo, DJ Bryce, JG Dodson, A Shuster, DL Kennedy, BM AF DePaolo, DJ Bryce, JG Dodson, A Shuster, DL Kennedy, BM TI Isotopic evolution of Mauna Loa and the chemical structure of the Hawaiian plume SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE volcanoes; mantle plume; geochemistry; isotopes; Hawaii; composition of the mantle; isotopic composition/chemistry; trace elements; physics and chemistry of magma bodies ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; LOIHI SEAMOUNT; KEA VOLCANO; OCEANIC BASALTS; HELIUM-ISOTOPES; LAVA FLOWS; MANTLE; SYSTEMATICS; ORIGIN; GROWTH AB New He isotopic data from the HSDP pilot hole core, lava accumulation rate models, and data from the literature are used to develop a 200,000 year isotopic record for the lava erupted from the Mauna Loa volcano. This record, coupled with an analogous record from Mauna Kea from the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (HSDP) pilot hole project and other literature data from the GEOROC database, are used to construct a "map" of lava isotopic compositions for the island of Hawaii. The isotopic map is converted to a map of the He and Nd isotopic compositions of melts from the mantle plume, which can be compared with a published melt supply map derived from geodynamic modeling. The resulting map of the plume indicates that values of helium He-3/He-4 > 20 Ra are confined to the core of the plume (radius approximate to 20-25 km) and correspond to potential temperatures >1565 degreesC, suggesting the He isotopic signal is derived from deep in the mantle. The He-3/He-4 map has closed contours down to 10 Ra; the contours are teardrop-shaped and elongated in the general direction of plate motion. The closed contours indicate that most of the plume He signal is lost during the early stages of melting, which is consistent with helium behaving as a strongly incompatible element (K-He less than or equal to 0.001). The epsilon (Nd) contours (and by inference the contours for Sr, Pb, Hf, and Os) do not all close on the scale of the island of Hawaii but instead partially follow material flow lines within the plume beneath the lithosphere. The plume signal for Nd extends circa 100 km in the direction of plate motion, which is consistent with the moderately incompatible behavior of Nd (K-Nd approximate to 0.02). Downstream from the plume core epicenter, plume Nd occurs with asthenospheric He; this could be mistaken for an additional plume component, whereas it may be only a manifestation of differing incompatibility. Data from Mauna Loa suggest the presence of a low-He-3/He-4 plume component that has low epsilon (Nd) and high Sr-87/Sr-86. The plume map suggests that this component may be a blob (circa 20 km scale), located between Mauna Loa and Hualalai and separated from the main plume core by a zone of more asthenosphere-like material. The HSDP data preclude a proposed model where this material represents a ring of entrained material from the lower mantle. The orientation of the elongation of contours on the plume He and Nd isotope maps (similar to N45 degreesW) does not match the modern plate motion as measured by GPS (N65 degreesW) nor does it match the trend of the ridge axis between Maui and Loihi (N30 degreesW). The geochemical evidence, as well as the locations and growth histories of the Hawaiian volcanoes, suggest that the plume, as well as the Pacific plate, has been moving at a velocity of several centimeters per year over the past 1 to 2 million years. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP DePaolo, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM depaolo@socrates.berkeley.edu; jbryce@uclink4.berkeley.edu; adodson@acs.wooster.edu; dshuster@gps.caltech.edu; mkennedy@ux5.lbl.gov RI Shuster, David/A-4838-2011 NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL 27 PY 2001 VL 2 AR 2000GC000139 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 458PA UT WOS:000170201700001 ER PT J AU He, Y Zhang, YHH Yeung, ES AF He, Y Zhang, YHH Yeung, ES TI Capillary-based fully integrated and automated system for nanoliter polymerase chain reaction analysis directly from cheek cells SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Microscale Separations and Analysis CY JAN 13-18, 2001 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS DE instrumentation; automation; DNA ID DIRECT PCR; DNA EXTRACTION; WHOLE-BLOOD; ELECTROPHORESIS; PURIFICATION; CHIP AB A miniaturized, integrated and automated system based on capillary fluidics has been developed for nanoliter DNA analysis directly from cheek cells. All steps for DNA analysis, including injecting aqueous reagents and DNA samples, mixing the solutions together, thermal cell lysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transfer and injection of PCR product, separation, sizing and detection of those products are performed in a capillary-based integrated system. A small amount of cheek cells collected by a plastic toothpick is directly dissolved in the PCR cocktail in a plastic vial or mixed on-line with a small volume of PCR cocktail (125 nl) in the capillary. After thermal cell lysis and PCR in a microthermal cycler, the DNA fragments are mixed with DNA size standards and transferred to a micro-cross for injection and separation by capillary gel electrophoresis. Programmable syringe pumps, switching valves, multiposition and freeze-thaw valves are used for microfluidic control in the entire system. This work establishes the feasibility of performing all the steps of DNA analysis from real samples in a capillary-based nanoliter integrated system. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 27 PY 2001 VL 924 IS 1-2 BP 271 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00828-7 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 461HQ UT WOS:000170359200027 PM 11521874 ER PT J AU Lurie, IS Anex, DS Fintschenko, Y Choi, WY AF Lurie, IS Anex, DS Fintschenko, Y Choi, WY TI Profiling of impurities in heroin by capillary electrochromatography and laser-induced fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Microscale Separations and Analysis CY JAN 13-18, 2001 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS DE electrochromatography; heroin; acetylthebaol ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ILLICIT HEROIN; SEPARATION; PRODUCTS; SAMPLES AB Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was investigated for the analysis of acidic and neutral impurities in heroin. The phenanthrene-like heroin impurities exhibit high native fluorescence when excited with a doubled argon ion laser (operating at 257 nm). The limit of detection for acetylthebaol is 66 pg ml(-1). CEC-LIF analysis of heroin samples of different geographical origin gave distinguishable peak-enriched chromatograms. A sulfonic acid C-12 polymer monolith column provided similar resolving power to a 1.5 mm non-porous ODS column for the isocratic analysis of a refined heroin sample. Analysis of a crude heroin sample via a multi-step gradient CEC resolved a significantly higher number of peaks than gradient high-performance liquid chromatography or micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Drug Enforcement Adm, Special Testing & Res Lab, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Radiat Detect Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lurie, IS (reprint author), US Drug Enforcement Adm, Special Testing & Res Lab, 3650 Concorde Pkwy,Suite 200, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. OI Lurie, Ira/0000-0003-3844-5120 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 27 PY 2001 VL 924 IS 1-2 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00732-4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 461HQ UT WOS:000170359200043 PM 11521892 ER PT J AU Marchand, RT Ackerman, TP King, MD Moroney, C Davies, R Muller, JPAL Gerber, H AF Marchand, RT Ackerman, TP King, MD Moroney, C Davies, R Muller, JPAL Gerber, H TI Multiangle observations of Arctic clouds from FIRE ACE: June 3, 1998, case study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT; RADIATION AB In May and June 1998 the Airborne Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (AirMISR) participated in the FIRE Arctic Cloud Experiment (ACE). AirMISR is an airborne instrument for obtaining multiangle imagery similar to that of the satellite-borne MISR instrument. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the data collected on June 3, 1998. In particular, AirMISR radiance measurements are compared with measurements made by two other instruments, the Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) and the MODIS airborne simulator (NIAS), as well as to plane-parallel radiative transfer simulations. It is found that the AirMSR radiance measurements and albedo estimates compare favorably both with the other instruments and with the radiative transfer simulations. In addition to radiance and albedo, the multiangle AirMISR data can be used to obtain estimates of cloud top height using stereoimaging techniques. Comparison of AirMISR retrieved cloud top height (using the complete MISR-based stereoimaging approach) shows excellent agreement with the measurements from the airborne Cloud Lidar System (CLS) and ground-based millimeterwave cloud radar. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Gerber Sci Inst, Reston, VA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. UCL, Dept Geomat Engn, London, England. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MSIN K9-24,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM roj@pnl.gov; thomas.ackerman@pnl.gov RI Davies, Roger/D-4296-2009; King, Michael/C-7153-2011; OI Davies, Roger/0000-0002-2991-0409; King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298; Muller, Jan-Peter/0000-0002-5077-3736 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D14 BP 15201 EP 15214 DI 10.1029/2000JD900302 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 456YE UT WOS:000170109700034 ER PT J AU Homes, CC Vogt, T Shapiro, SM Wakimoto, S Ramirez, AP AF Homes, CC Vogt, T Shapiro, SM Wakimoto, S Ramirez, AP TI Optical response of high-dielectric-constant perovskite-related oxide SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Optical conductivity measurements on the perovskite-related oxide CaCu3Ti4O12 provide a hint of the physics underlying the observed giant dielectric effect in this material. A low-frequency vibration displays anomalous behavior, implying that there is a redistribution of charge within the unit cell at low temperature. At infrared frequencies (terahertz), the value for the dielectric constant is similar to 80 at room temperature, which is far smatter than the value of similar to 10(5) obtained at lower radio frequencies (kilohertz). This discrepancy implies the presence of a strong absorption at very tow frequencies due to dipole relaxation. At room temperature, the characteristic relaxation times are fast (less than or similar to 500 nanoseconds) but increase dramatically at tow temperature, suggesting that the large change in dielectric constant may be due to a relaxor-like dynamical stowing down of dipolar fluctuations in nanosize domains. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Homes, CC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 16 TC 1073 Z9 1114 U1 32 U2 246 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 27 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5530 BP 673 EP 676 DI 10.1126/science.1061655 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 458PW UT WOS:000170204600048 PM 11474105 ER PT J AU Petrovic, C Hundley, MF Movshovich, R Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Fisk, Z AF Petrovic, C Hundley, MF Movshovich, R Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Fisk, Z TI Magnetic and transport properties of RIr2Ga series (R=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd-Tm) SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE rare earth compounds; magnetically ordered materials; anistropy; magnetic measurements AB We report results of magnetic and transport measurements on single crystals of a new rare earth series RIr2Ga (R=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Gd through Tm). These compounds appear to crystallize in the triple-hexagonal Na,As structure with space group P6(3)cm. Magnetic ordering temperatures show deviation from De Gennes scaling. These compounds are an interesting example of a quasi-2D structure in which there are anisotropic magnetic interactions. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrovic, C (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 26 PY 2001 VL 325 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01008-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 455YF UT WOS:000170054800007 ER PT J AU Romm, L Kim, YH Somorjai, GA AF Romm, L Kim, YH Somorjai, GA TI Methane chemistry in the hot supersonic nozzle SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HIGHER HYDROCARBONS; PYROLYSIS; ETHYLENE; SURFACE; ETHANE AB Combination of pyrolysis and expansion to a supersonic molecular beam is shown to be very effective in conversion of pure methane to heavier hydrocarbons. The conversion reaches similar to 70% in the supersonic nozzle made of quartz with the diameter of orifice equal 100 mu. The major products are acetylene, benzene and its homologues. Free radicals are also detected in the product distribution. The mechanism consists of the surface generation of the radicals, C-C bond formation, desorption to the gas phase, and expansion to the supersonic beam. It is suggested that relatively short gas-surface contact time (about 50 ms at T-oxide = 1000 degreesC) enables simultaneous kinetic and thermodynamic control. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Catalysis Ctr Mol Engn, Taejon, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 26 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 29 BP 7025 EP 7030 DI 10.1021/jp010366d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 457TH UT WOS:000170152600009 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZT Dai, S Fan, XD Blom, DA Pennycook, SJ Wei, Y AF Zhang, ZT Dai, S Fan, XD Blom, DA Pennycook, SJ Wei, Y TI Controlled synthesis of CdS nanoparticles inside ordered mesoporous silica using ion-exchange reaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLUSTERS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOMATERIALS AB A new method of preparing CdS nanoparticles inside MCM-41 is described. This method makes uses of the unique interfacial properties of selectively functionalized ordered mesoporous materials to deliver cadmium ions inside the mesopores of MCM-41 via an ion-exchange reaction, thereby minimizing uncontrolled precipitation reactions of cadmium ions outside the mesopores. The general methodology can also be used to prepare other sulfide, telluride, and oxide nanoparticles. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wei, Yen/H-5329-2012; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 18 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 26 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 29 BP 6755 EP 6758 DI 10.1021/jp010541q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 457TK UT WOS:000170152800001 ER PT J AU Hess, NJ Su, YL Balmer, ML AF Hess, NJ Su, YL Balmer, ML TI Evidence of edge-sharing TiO5 polyhedra in Ti-substituted pollucite, CsTixAl1-xSi2O6+x/2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; HIGH-PRESSURE; NEUTRON; SILICOTITANATES; CSTISI2O6.5; SILICATE; MAS AB The compositional series CsTixAl1-xSi2O6+x/2, 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1, was investigated using X-ray absorption and Raman spectroscopy. The data indicate the formation of TiO5 edge-sharing polyhedra at relatively low Ti concentrations (x = 0.3). The presence of TiO5 polyhedra in the compositional series is evident from the intensity and energy value of characteristic preedge features in the near-edge structure of the X-ray absorption spectra (XANES). The edge-sharing geometry of the TiO5 polyhedra is determined by the analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) that indicates short (3.0 Angstrom) Ti-Ti interatomic distances. The appearance of features in the Raman spectra at 645 and 717 cm(-1) also support the existence of edge-sharing Ti polyhedra at low levels of Ti substitution. The EXAFS and Raman results suggest a nonrandom pairing of TiO5 polyhedra on symmetrically equivalent sites and the formation of edge-sharing relationship between adjacent TiO5 polyhedra. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99320 USA. RP Hess, NJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99320 USA. EM nancy.hess@pnl.gov OI Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 26 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 29 BP 6805 EP 6811 DI 10.1021/jp010285h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 457TK UT WOS:000170152800009 ER PT J AU Shkrob, IA Sauer, MC AF Shkrob, IA Sauer, MC TI Solvent anions in supercritical carbon dioxide: Formation of complexes with polar solutes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CLUSTER ANIONS; ACETONITRILE; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; FLUIDS AB It is shown that high-mobility multimer (CO2)(n)(.-) anions in supercritical (sc)-CO2 form stable complexes with water, aliphatic alcohols, alkyl halides, and alkyl nitriles. The complexation rate is 10-50% of the diffusion controlled rate or faster. The complexes are formed both with the monomer and with the dimer polar solutes. The equilibrium constants of the monomer complexation range from 10 to 350 M-1; the reaction heat is -(15-21) kJ/mol, and the reaction entropy is negative. The stability of the complex increases with the dipole moment of the polar group and decreases with the substitution at the (x-carbon. None of these polar solutes directly reacts with quasifree electrons in sc-CO2. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shkrob, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 26 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 29 BP 7027 EP 7032 DI 10.1021/jp011139e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 457TK UT WOS:000170152800038 ER PT J AU Matsuzaki, S Zazubovich, V Fraser, NJ Cogdell, RJ Small, GJ AF Matsuzaki, S Zazubovich, V Fraser, NJ Cogdell, RJ Small, GJ TI Energy transfer dynamics in LH2 complexes of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila containing only one B800 molecule SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID BACTERIA RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT ABSORPTION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PURPLE BACTERIA; B800-B850 ANTENNA COMPLEX; LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; II REACTION-CENTER; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; HIGH-PRESSURE AB Nonphotochemical hole burning (NPHB) and femtosecond pump-probe experiments have previously shown that following their excitation, the B800 molecules of the LH2 complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas (Rps.) acidophila relax by two channels. The decay channel observed for excitation on the low energy side of the B800 absorption band is due to B800 --> B850 excitation energy transfer which occurs in similar to2 ps at 4 K. The additional decay channel becomes detectable for excitation on the high energy side of the B800 band. The mechanisms that have been proposed for this channel are: (i) vibrational relaxation following excitation of vibronic levels associated with the Qy-states of either the B800 or B850 bacteriochlorophyll a molecules; (ii) direct excitation of upper B850 exciton levels, followed by downward relaxation within the B850 manifold; (iii) intraband B800-B800 energy transfer involving only the B800 molecules; and (iv) downward energy transfer of initially excited mixed B800-B850 states. Presented here are NPHB results for intact LH2 and B800-deficient LH2 complexes of Rps. acidophila (strain 10050). The latter contain only one B800 molecule, rather than nine. In sharp contrast with the intact LH2 complex, the zero-phonon holewidths for the B800-deficient LH2 complex were observed to be independent of the location of the burn frequency within the B800 band, 3.2 +/- 0.3 cm(-1) at 4 K. This finding and others eliminate the first two of the above mechanisms. It is argued that the third mechanism is highly unlikely. It is proposed that mixed B800-B850 states are mainly responsible for the additional decay channel. These mixed states could undergo downward relaxation to B800 levels that are mainly "B800" in character and to levels that are mainly "B850" in character. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Small, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Fraser, Niall/0000-0001-7349-5647 NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 26 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 29 BP 7049 EP 7056 DI 10.1021/jp0037347 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 457TK UT WOS:000170152800041 ER PT J AU Bennett, KA AF Bennett, KA TI Planetary science - Uncool callisto SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bennett, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 26 PY 2001 VL 412 IS 6845 BP 395 EP 396 DI 10.1038/35086688 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 456DQ UT WOS:000170068200030 PM 11473299 ER PT J AU Schwienhorst, R Ciampa, D Erickson, C Graham, M Heller, K Rusack, R Sielaff, J Trammell, J Wilcox, J Kodama, K Ushida, N Andreopoulos, C Saoulidou, N Tzanakos, G Yager, P Baller, B Boehnlein, D Freeman, W Lundberg, B Morfin, J Rameika, R Yun, JC Song, JS Yoon, CS Chung, SH Berghaus, P Kubantsev, M Reay, NW Sidwell, R Stanton, N Yoshida, S Aoki, S Hara, T Rhee, JT Hoshino, K Jiko, H Miyanishi, M Komatsu, M Nakamura, M Nakano, T Niwa, K Nonaka, N Okada, K Sato, O Akdogan, T Paolone, V Rosenfeld, C Kulik, A Kafka, T Oliver, W Patzak, T Schneps, J AF Schwienhorst, R Ciampa, D Erickson, C Graham, M Heller, K Rusack, R Sielaff, J Trammell, J Wilcox, J Kodama, K Ushida, N Andreopoulos, C Saoulidou, N Tzanakos, G Yager, P Baller, B Boehnlein, D Freeman, W Lundberg, B Morfin, J Rameika, R Yun, JC Song, JS Yoon, CS Chung, SH Berghaus, P Kubantsev, M Reay, NW Sidwell, R Stanton, N Yoshida, S Aoki, S Hara, T Rhee, JT Hoshino, K Jiko, H Miyanishi, M Komatsu, M Nakamura, M Nakano, T Niwa, K Nonaka, N Okada, K Sato, O Akdogan, T Paolone, V Rosenfeld, C Kulik, A Kafka, T Oliver, W Patzak, T Schneps, J CA DONUT Collaboration TI A new upper limit for the tau-neutrino magnetic moment SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; OSCILLATION AB Using a neutrino beam in which a v(tau) component was identified for the first time, the vr magnetic moment was measured based on a search for an anomalous increase in the number of neutrino-electron interactions. One such event was observed when 2.3 were expected from background processes, giving an upper 90% confidence limit on mu (v tau) of 3.9 x 10(-7) mu (B) . (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Aichi Univ Educ, Kariya, Aichi 448, Japan. Univ Athens, Athens 15771, Greece. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Jinju 660701, South Korea. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Schwienhorst, R (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Aoki, Shigeki/L-6044-2015 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 26 PY 2001 VL 513 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00746-8 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 456RQ UT WOS:000170096400004 ER PT J AU Leibovich, AK Low, I Rothstein, IZ AF Leibovich, AK Low, I Rothstein, IZ TI A comment on the extractions Of V-ub from radiative decays SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID B->X-S-GAMMA; LOGARITHMS; SPECTRUM AB We present a model independent closed form expression for \V-ub\(2)/\VtbVts*\(2) , which includes the resummation of large endpoint logarithms as well as the interference effects from the operators O-2 and O-8. We demonstrate that the method to extract \V-ub\ presented by the authors in hep-ph/9909404, and modified in this Letter to include interference effects, is not just a refinement of the method introduced in hep-ph/9312311. We also discuss the model dependence of the latter proposal. Furthermore, we show that the resummation is not negligible and that the Landau pole does not introduce any significant uncertainties. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ilow@andrew.cmu.edu RI Rothstein, Ira/O-2747-2014 OI Rothstein, Ira/0000-0002-3374-4212 NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 26 PY 2001 VL 513 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00667-0 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 456RQ UT WOS:000170096400011 ER PT J AU Visser, H Anxolabehere-Mallart, E Bergmann, U Glatzel, P Robblee, JH Cramer, SP Girerd, JJ Sauer, K Klein, MP Yachandra, VK AF Visser, H Anxolabehere-Mallart, E Bergmann, U Glatzel, P Robblee, JH Cramer, SP Girerd, JJ Sauer, K Klein, MP Yachandra, VK TI MnK-edge XANES and K beta XES studies of two Mn-oxo binuclear complexes: Investigation of three different oxidation states relevant to the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC WATER OXIDATION; BRIDGED MANGANESE COMPLEXES; MIXED-VALENCE INTERACTIONS; MODEL COMPLEXES; CLUSTER; MECHANISM; SENSITIVITY; APPARATUS AB Two structurally homologous Mn compounds in different oxidation states were studied to investigate the relative influence of oxidation state and ligand environment on Mn K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and Mn K beta X-ray emission spectroscopy (K beta XES). The two manganese compounds are the di-mu -oxo compound [L ' 2Mn(III)O(2)Mn(IV)L ' (2)](ClO4)(3), where L ' is 1,10-phenanthroline (Cooper, S. R.; Calvin, M. J. AI?I. Chem. Sec. 1977, 99, 6623- 6630) and the linear mono-mu -oxo compound [(LMnOMnL)-O-III-L-III] (ClO4)(2), where L- is the monoanionic N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N ' -salicylidene 1,2-diaminoethane ligand (Horner, O.; Anxolabehere-Mallart, E.; Chariot, M. F.; Tchertanov, L.; Guilhem, J.; Mattioli, T. A.; Boussac, A.; Girerd, J.-J. Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 1222-1232). Preparative bulk electrolysis in acetonitrile was used to obtain higher oxidation states of the compounds: the (MnMnIV)-Mn-IV species for the di-mu -oxo compound and the (MnMnIV)-Mn-III and (MnMnIV)-Mn-IV species for the mono-mu -oxo compound. IR, UV/vis, EPR, and EXAFS spectra were used to determine the purity and integrity of the various sample solutions. The Mn K-edge XANES spectra shift to higher energy upon oxidation when the ligand environment remains similar. However, shifts in energy are also observed when only the ligand environment is altered. This is achieved by comparing the di-mu -oxo and linear mono-mu -oxo Mn-Mn moieties in equivalent oxidation states, which represent major structural changes. The magnitude of an energy shift due to major changes in ligand environment can be as large as that of an oxidation-state change. Therefore, care must be exercised when correlating the Mn K-edge energies to manganese oxidation states without taking into account the nature of the ligand environment and the overall structure of the compound. In contrast to Mn K-edge XANES, KP XES spectra show less dependence on ligand environment. The K beta (1,3) peak energies are comparable for the di-mu -oxo and mono-mu -oxo compounds in equivalent oxidation states. The energy shifts observed due to oxidation are also similar for the two different compounds. The study of the different behavior of the XANES pre-edge and main-edge features in conjunction with KP XES provides significant information about the oxidation state and character of the ligand environment of manganese atoms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Melvin Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Paris Sud, Chim Inorgan Lab, UMNR CNRS 8613, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Cramer, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Melvin Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM055302, GM-44891-5, GM-48145, GM-55302, R56 GM055302] NR 54 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 25 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 29 BP 7031 EP 7039 DI 10.1021/ja004306h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 454NP UT WOS:000169978900008 PM 11459481 ER PT J AU Sieve, B Chen, XZ Henning, R Brazis, P Kannewurf, CR Cowen, JA Schultz, AJ Kanatzidis, MG AF Sieve, B Chen, XZ Henning, R Brazis, P Kannewurf, CR Cowen, JA Schultz, AJ Kanatzidis, MG TI Cubic aluminum silicides RE8Ru12Al49Si9(AlxSi12-x) (RE = Pr, Sm) from liquid aluminum. Empty (Si,Al)(12) cuboctahedral clusters and assignment of the Al/Si distribution with neutron diffraction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL SILICIDES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLTEN ALUMINUM; GD-LU; YBFE2AL10; HYDROGEN; T=TI; ND; TA AB Two new quaternary aluminum silicides, RE8Ru12Al49Si9(AlxSi12-x) (x similar to 4; RE = Pr, Sm), have been synthesized from Sm (or Sm2O3), Pr, Ru, and Si in molten aluminum between 800 and 1000 degreesC in sealed fused silica tubes. Both compounds form black shiny crystals that are stable in air and NaOH. The Nd analog is also stable. The compounds crystallize in a new structural type. The structure, determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, is cubic, space group Pm3m with Z = 1, and has lattice parameters of a = 11.510(1) Angstrom for Sm8Ru12Al49Si9(AlxSi12-x) and a = 11.553(2) Angstrom for Pr8Ru12Al49Si9(AlxSi12-x) (x similar to 4) The structure consists of octahedral units of AlSi6, at the cell center, Si2Ru4Al8 clusters, at each face center, SiAl8 cubes, at the middle of the cell edges, and unique (Al,Si)(12) cuboctohedral clusters, at the cell corners. These different structural units are connected to each other either by shared atoms, AI-AI bonds, or AI-Ru bends. The rare earth metal atoms fill the space between various structural units. The Al/Si distribution was verified by single-crystal neutron diffraction studies conducted on Pr8Ru12Al49Si9(AlxSi12-x) Sm8Ru12Al49Si9(AlxSi12-x) and Pr8Ru12-Al49Si9(AlxSi12-x) show ferromagnetic ordering at T-c similar to 10 and similar to 20 K, respectively. A charge of 3+ can be assigned to the rare earth atoms while the Ru atoms are diamagnetic. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, Funct Mat Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, Funct Mat Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 25 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 29 BP 7040 EP 7047 DI 10.1021/ja010135k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 454NP UT WOS:000169978900009 PM 11459482 ER PT J AU Schmidt-Rohr, K Saalwachter, K Liu, SF Hong, M AF Schmidt-Rohr, K Saalwachter, K Liu, SF Hong, M TI High-sensitivity H-2 NMR in solids by H-1 detection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; DEUTERON NMR; STATE NMR; DYNAMICS; PROTEIN; SYSTEMS; MOTIONS; TIME C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Max Planck Inst Polymerforsch, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. RP Schmidt-Rohr, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Saalwachter, Kay/E-7439-2011 OI Saalwachter, Kay/0000-0002-6246-4770 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 25 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 29 BP 7168 EP 7169 DI 10.1021/ja002787z PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 454NP UT WOS:000169978900028 PM 11459501 ER PT J AU Leggett, RW Eckerman, KF AF Leggett, RW Eckerman, KF TI A systemic biokinetic model for polonium SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE polonium; urinary excretion; systemic biokinetic model; database ID PO-210; ADULT AB Although the biokinetics of polonium has been studied extensively, interpretation of the data is complicated by potential differences with species and route of exposure and the questionable reliability of much of the reported excretion data for man. A study was undertaken to identify the data that are most likely to represent the typical behavior of polonium and apply those data to construct an improved, physiologically realistic systemic biokinetic model for polonium in man. Such a model is needed for interpretation of urinary excretion data for workers exposed to Po-210 and reconstruction of the radiation doses received by those workers. This paper reviews the database on the biokinetics of polonium and describes a new systemic biokinetic model for polonium in man. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leggett, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Commerce Pk,Bldg 1060COM,MS6480, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 25 PY 2001 VL 275 IS 1-3 BP 109 EP 125 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00858-5 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 454JP UT WOS:000169969700010 PM 11482397 ER PT J AU Rubio, LHG Fu, XJ Olivares, JA Alupoaei, C Smith, A AF Rubio, LHG Fu, XJ Olivares, JA Alupoaei, C Smith, A TI Rapid detection and identification of microorganisms by multiwavelength spectroscopy. SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 24 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 29 MA 18 BP 8611 EP 8611 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 455ZG UT WOS:000170057200041 ER PT J AU Grigsby, JJ Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM AF Grigsby, JJ Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM TI Cloud-point temperatures for lysozyme in electrolyte solutions: effect of salt type, salt concentration and pH SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cloud-point temperature; lysozyme; phase transition; specific ion effect ID LIQUID-PHASE-SEPARATION; HYDRATION FORCES; MICA SURFACES; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; CRYSTALLIZATION; BEHAVIOR; BINDING; CHARGE; STATE; DLVO AB Liquid-liquid phase-separation data were obtained for aqueous saline solutions of hen egg-white lysozyme at a fixed protein concentration (87 g/l). The cloud-point temperature (CPT) was measured as a function of salt type and salt concentration to 3 M, at pH 4.0 and 7.0. Salts used included those from mono and divalent cations and anions. For the monovalent cations studied, as salt concentration increases, the CPT increases. For divalent cations, as salt concentration rises, a maximum in the CPT is observed and attributed to ion binding to the protein surface and subsequent water structuring. Trends for sulfate salts were dramatically different from those for other salts because sulfate ion is strongly hydrated and excluded from the lysozyme surface. For anions at fixed salt concentration, the CPT decreases with rising anion kosmotropic character. Comparison of CPTs for pH 4.0 and 7.0 revealed two trends. At low ionic strength for a given salt, differences in CPT can be explained in terms of repulsive electrostatic interactions between protein molecules, while at higher ionic strength, differences can be attributed to hydration forces. A model is proposed for the correlation and prediction of the CPT as a function of salt type and salt concentration. NaCl was chosen as a reference salt, and CPT deviations from that of NaCl were attributed to hydration forces. The Random Phase Approximation, in conjunction with a square-well potential, was used to calculate the strength of protein-protein interactions as a function of solution conditions for all salts studied. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blanch, HW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD JUL 24 PY 2001 VL 91 IS 3 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0301-4622(01)00173-9 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 461KY UT WOS:000170364500003 PM 11551435 ER PT J AU Peiris, FC Bindley, U Furdyna, JK Kim, H Ramdas, AK Grimsditch, M AF Peiris, FC Bindley, U Furdyna, JK Kim, H Ramdas, AK Grimsditch, M TI Determination of the dispersion of the index of refraction and the elastic moduli for molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown Zn1-xBexSe alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS AB The prism coupler technique, together with reflectivity channeled spectra, were used to determine the dispersion of the indices of refraction for a series of ternary alloys of Zn1-xBexSe grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. The measurements covered the wavelength range of 400-1300 nm, and the entire Be concentration range, from x=0 to 1.00. The availability of accurate values of the index-of-refraction then enabled us to determine the elastic moduli c(11) for the Zn1-xBexSe and its dependence on the Be concentration x from frequency shifts in Brillouin scattering spectra observed on the epilayers of these ternary alloys. The c(11) results clearly indicate that the bonding in Zn1-xBexSe becomes more robust as the Be concentration increases. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Peiris, FC (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 473 EP 475 DI 10.1063/1.1379356 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 452PQ UT WOS:000169868100009 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Lee, KS Zhang, XC Wei, X Shen, YR AF Zhang, C Lee, KS Zhang, XC Wei, X Shen, YR TI Optical constants of ice Ih crystal at terahertz frequencies SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SOUND-WAVES; MICROWAVE; WATER; CM-1 AB Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was used to measure the refractive indices of Ih crystalline ice in the frequency range of 0.25-1.0 THz. With increasing frequency, the real part, n('), of the refractive index increases from 1.787 to 1.793 at 243 K, and the imaginary part, n('), increases from 0.005 to 0.020. The temperature dependence of n(') is less than 0.01%/K and that of n" is similar to1%/K. Our results connect smoothly to the data of Matsuoka and co-workers [T. Matsuoka, S. Fujita, and S. Mae, J. Appl. Phys. 80, 5884 (1996)] in the microwave range and the data in the far IR range, and can be well described by the existing theoretical models. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shenyr@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Zhang, Xi-Cheng/G-1306-2016 OI Zhang, Xi-Cheng/0000-0003-3721-1357 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 491 EP 493 DI 10.1063/1.1386401 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 452PQ UT WOS:000169868100015 ER PT J AU Marasco, DL Kazimirov, A Bedzyk, MJ Lee, TL Streiffer, SK Auciello, O Bai, GR AF Marasco, DL Kazimirov, A Bedzyk, MJ Lee, TL Streiffer, SK Auciello, O Bai, GR TI Atomic-scale observation of polarization switching in epitaxial ferroelectric thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB The thin-film x-ray standing wave (XSW) technique is used for an atomic-scale study of polarization switching in ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O-3 (PZT)/electrode heterostructures grown on SrTiO3(001). The XSW is selectively generated in the PZT by the interference between the incident x-ray wave and the weak (001) Bragg diffracted wave from the film. The XSW excites a fluorescence signal from the Pb ions in the PZT film, that is used to determine their subangstrom displacements after polarization switching has occurred. This experimental method yields unique information on the underlying atomic configurations for different polarization domain states. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Marasco, DL (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 515 EP 517 DI 10.1063/1.1385349 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 452PQ UT WOS:000169868100023 ER PT J AU Ando, M Kanemitsu, Y Kushida, T Matsuda, K Saiki, T White, CW AF Ando, M Kanemitsu, Y Kushida, T Matsuda, K Saiki, T White, CW TI Sharp photoluminescence of CdS nanocrystals in Al2O3 matrices formed by sequential ion implantation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAM SYNTHESIS; GAAS NANOCRYSTALS; SIO2 AB We report on photoluminescence (PL) experiments in CdS nanocrystals fabricated by sequential ion implantation in Al2O3 matrices. The PL spectrum and the spatial image of the PL intensity have been studied at 8 K using a scanning near-field optical microscope. The PL spectrum at each bright spot has been found to consist of narrow lines of various energies, although the spectrum measured by conventional optics shows a single and broad band locating below the free-exciton absorption energy. The origin of the sharp PL lines in CdS nanocrystals will be discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Mat Sci, Nara 6300101, Japan. Kanagawa Acad Sci & Technol, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2130012, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Kanemitsu, Y (reprint author), Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Mat Sci, Nara 6300101, Japan. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 539 EP 541 DI 10.1063/1.1387259 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 452PQ UT WOS:000169868100031 ER PT J AU Martinez-Miranda, LJ Siegal, MP Provencio, PP AF Martinez-Miranda, LJ Siegal, MP Provencio, PP TI Nanostructural study of the thermal transformation of diamond-like amorphous carbon into an ultrahard carbon nanocomposite SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; TETRAHEDRAL CARBON; FILMS; DENSITY; SURFACES AB We studied the structural transformation of diamond-like amorphous carbon (a-C) films into ultrahard carbon nanocomposites via postannealing to 600 degreesC using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray reflectivity, and small-angle scattering. Film density decreases monotonically above 200 degreesC. Film surfaces roughen upon annealing to 300 degreesC; however, a-C recovers its smoothness with higher temperature annealing. Finally, there exists some quasiperiodic nanostructural feature with a lattice spacing that increases with annealing, correlating well with purely a-C nanocomposite structures imaged from samples annealed at 600 degreesC. We propose that these annealing-induced nanostructural changes are a derivative of localized stress fields in as-grown a-C films. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martinez-Miranda, LJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 542 EP 544 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 452PQ UT WOS:000169868100032 ER PT J AU Tzamalis, G Zaidi, NA Homes, CC Monkman, AP AF Tzamalis, G Zaidi, NA Homes, CC Monkman, AP TI Infrared optical properties of polyaniline doped with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPSA) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; CAMPHOR-SULFONIC-ACID; CONDUCTING POLYPYRROLE; REFLECTANCE; TRANSPORT; POLYMERS AB A recent method of processing conducting polyaniline (PANi) films protonated with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPSA) and dissolved in dichloroacetic acid (DCA) has produced films of excellent stability and surface quality. We report the results of dc conductivity measurements over a wide temperature range (10-295 K) and the room temperature absolute infrared reflectivity measurements of two PANi-AMPSA films with different protonation levels. Both samples display transport properties similar to other doped conducting polymers on the metallic side of the metal-insulator transition. Further signatures of metallic behaviour can be deduced from the results of the optical measurements in the infrared range (20-8000 cm(-1)): The samples show very high 'metal-like' reflectivity in the far infrared region, and a Drude-like behaviour, corresponding to free charge carriers, of the real part of the dielectric function for a large part of the infrared spectrum. A plasma resonance can also be observed. The localization modified Drude model is shown to fit the optical conductivity data sigma (omega) reasonably well, supporting the notion that the new PANi-AMPSA films have the characteristics of a disordered metal on the metallic side of the metal-insulator transition. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tzamalis, G (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RI Monkman, Andrew/B-1521-2013 OI Monkman, Andrew/0000-0002-0784-8640 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 13 IS 29 BP 6297 EP 6306 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/13/29/303 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 462DC UT WOS:000170404600010 ER PT J AU Klei, SR Tilley, TD Bergman, RG AF Klei, SR Tilley, TD Bergman, RG TI An observable silene/silylene rearrangement in a cationic iridium complex SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID RUTHENIUM-SILENE; SILYL COMPLEXES; METAL SILYL; ELIMINATION; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM; HYDROGEN AB The iridium complex Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)(SiMe2-OTf) (2) reacts with LiB(C6F5)(4)(Et2O)(2) to form a mixture of the silene complex [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(eta (2)-CH2SiMe2)(H)]-[B(C6F5)(4)] (3) and the base-stabilized silylene complex [Cp*(PMe3)(Me) (SiMe2(Et2O)][B(C6F5)](4)] (4). The silene complex 3 has been crystallographically characterized. Addition of pyridine to this mixture affords Cp*(PMe3)-Ir(Me)(SiMe2(L)][B(C6F5)(4)] (5a, L = pyridine) in good yield, whereas addition of CO or ethylene results in clean formation of CP*(PMe3)Ir(L) (SiMe3)][B(C6F5)(4]) (8a, L = CO; 8b, L = C2H4). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, CNDOS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bergman, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 15 BP 3220 EP 3222 DI 10.1021/om010435a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 454PM UT WOS:000169981000004 ER PT J AU Song, JS Szalda, DJ Bullock, RM AF Song, JS Szalda, DJ Bullock, RM TI Alcohol complexes of tungsten prepared by ionic hydrogenations of ketones SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL HYDRIDES; CARBONYL HYDRIDES; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; FUNCTIONALIZED ALDEHYDES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; RHENIUM COMPLEXES; LEWIS-ACIDS; O-DONORS; REDUCTION; DIHYDROGEN AB Ionic hydrogenation of acetone by Cp(CO)(3)WH and HOTf (OTf = OSO2CF3) gives the 2-propanol complex [Cp(CO)(3)W((HOPr)-Pr-i)]+OTf-. H-1 NMR data suggest O-H . . .O hydrogen bonding between the alcohol OH and an oxygen of the triflate anion in solution, and a crystal structure of this complex shows that hydrogen bonding also exists in the solid state. The short O . . .O distance of 2.63(1) Angstrom indicates a strong hydrogen bond. Hydrogenation of other ketones and aldehydes gives related [Cp(CO)(3)W(alcohol)] +OTf- complexes; Aldehydes are selectively hydrogenated over ketones, and alkyl ketones are selectively hydrogenated over aromatic ketones. Hydrogenation of acetophenone gives ethylbenzene, with no intermediate tungsten complexes being observed. Reaction of 1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione with Cp(CO)(3)WH and HOTf gave {Cp(CO)(3)W[CH3CH(OH)CH2C(=O)Ph]}+OTf-, the structure of which was determined by X-ray diffraction. The alcohol complexes [Cp(CO)(3)W(alcohol)]+OTf- decompose in solution to give free alcohols and Cp(CO)(3)WOTf. The cationic dihydride [Cp(CO)(2)(PMe3)W(H)(2)]+OTf- hydrogenates aldehydes and ketones; in these reactions a metal hydride serves as both the proton and hydride donor. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bullock, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Bullock, R. Morris/L-6802-2016 OI Bullock, R. Morris/0000-0001-6306-4851 NR 62 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 15 BP 3337 EP 3346 DI 10.1021/om010222l PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 454PM UT WOS:000169981000020 ER PT J AU Fang, XG Watkin, JG Scott, BL Kubas, GJ AF Fang, XG Watkin, JG Scott, BL Kubas, GJ TI Electrophilic cationic palladium(II) complexes containing a diimine ligand with pendant thienyl groups. X-ray structure of {(PdMe)-Me-II[1,4-bis(2 '-(2-thienyl)ethyl)2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diazabutadiene]}(+) SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CATALYSTS; ETHYLENE; COPOLYMERIZATION; PLATINUM(II); ACTIVATION; STYRENE; REAGENT AB Cationic Pd(II) complexes [(N2S2)Pd(II)Me][BArF] (3) and [(N2S2)Pd(II)][SO3CF3](2) (7) have been. synthesized by using a new diimine ligand 1,4-bis(2 '-(2-thienyl)ethyl)-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diazabutadiene (N2S2) that contains semilabile pendant thienyl groups. Both complexes activated the Et3Si-H bond and catalyzed the isomerization of 1-hexene to internal hexenes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kubas, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 15 BP 3351 EP 3354 DI 10.1021/om001071+ PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 454PM UT WOS:000169981000022 ER PT J AU Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Frey, R Formaggio, JA Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McNulty, C McFarland, KS Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellmann, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Tzanov, M Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED AF Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Frey, R Formaggio, JA Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McNulty, C McFarland, KS Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellmann, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Tzanov, M Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED TI Observation of an anomalous number of dimuon events in a high energy neutrino beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-LEPTONS; CALIBRATION; CALORIMETER; SCATTERING; SEARCH; DECAYS AB A search for long-lived neutral particles (N-0's) with masses above 2.2 GeV/c(2) that decay into at least one muon has been performed using an instrumented decay channel at the NuTeV experiment at Fermilab. Data were examined for particles decaying into the final states mu mu, mue, and mu pi. Three mu mu events were observed over an expected standard model background of 0.069 +/- 0.010 events; no events were observed in the other modes. C1 Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Adams, T (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 4 AR 041801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.041801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 456AV UT WOS:000170060700006 PM 11461608 ER PT J AU Bouquet, F Fisher, RA Phillips, NE Hinks, DG Jorgensen, JD AF Bouquet, F Fisher, RA Phillips, NE Hinks, DG Jorgensen, JD TI Specific heat of (MgB2)-B-11: Evidence for a second energy cap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Measurements of the specific heat of (MgB2)-B-11 from 1 to 50 K, in magnetic fields to 9 T, give the Debye temperature, Theta = 1050 K., the coefficient of the normal-state electron contribution, gamma (n) = 2.6 mJ mol(-1) K-2, and a discontinuity in the zero-field specific heat of 133 mJ mol(-1) K-1 at T-c. = 38.7 K. The estimated value of the electron-phonon coupling parameter, lambda = 0.62, could account for the observed T-c, only if the important phonon frequencies are unusually high relative to Theta. At low T, there is a strongly field-dependent feature that suggests the existence of a second energy gap, about 4 times smaller than the major gap. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bouquet, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 411 Z9 419 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 4 AR 047001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.047001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 456AV UT WOS:000170060700034 PM 11461636 ER PT J AU Glenzer, SH Fournier, KB Wilson, BG Lee, RW Suter, LJ AF Glenzer, SH Fournier, KB Wilson, BG Lee, RW Suter, LJ TI Ionization balance in inertial confinement fusion hohlraums SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; SPECTRA; DRIVE; RESOLUTION; SCATTERING; TANTALUM AB We present the first x-ray spectroscopic measurements of the ionization balance in inertial confinement fusion hohlraums supported by 4 omega Thomson scattering diagnostics. The experimental data show agreement with non-LTE radiation-hydrodynamic calculations of the averaged Au charge state and electron temperatures. These findings are consistent with the successful integrated modeling of the hohlraum radiation fields. Comparisons with detailed synthetic spectra calculations show that the experimental ionization distribution is slightly shifted indicating nonsteady state kinetics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Glenzer, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-447,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 4 AR 045002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.045002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 456AV UT WOS:000170060700022 PM 11461624 ER PT J AU Gockeler, M Rakow, PEL Schafer, A Soldner, W Wettig, T AF Gockeler, M Rakow, PEL Schafer, A Soldner, W Wettig, T TI Calorons and localization of quark eigenvectors in lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PHASE-TRANSITION; YANG-MILLS GAS; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; DIRAC EIGENVALUES; INSTANTONS; MONOPOLES; SYMMETRY; ENERGY; THERMODYNAMICS; SPECTRUM AB We analyze the localization properties for eigenvectors of the Dirac operator in quenched lattice QCD in the vicinity of the deconfinement phase transition. Studying the characteristic differences between the Z(3) sectors above the critical temperature T-c, we find indications for the presence of calorons. C1 Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Yale Univ, Ctr Theoret Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 4 AR 042001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.042001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 456AV UT WOS:000170060700007 ER PT J AU Rohlsberger, R Quast, KW Toellner, TS Lee, PL Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Burkel, E AF Rohlsberger, R Quast, KW Toellner, TS Lee, PL Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Burkel, E TI Observation of the 22.5-keV resonance in Sm-149 by the nuclear lighthouse effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION PULSES; BRAGG SCATTERING; X-RAYS; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; MOSSBAUER; TIME AB We have observed coherent nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation at the 22.5-keV resonance of Sm-149. High-speed rotational sample motion led to an angular deflection of the resonantly scattered radiation off the nonresonant primary beam. This allowed us to determine the resonance energy of the first excited nuclear level of Sm-149 to be 22496(4) eV. Because of the angular deflection of the resonant photons, time spectra of coherent nuclear resonant scattering can be recorded as a function of a spatial coordinate. Time resolutions of a few 10 ps can be expected, which are beyond the limits of existing x-ray detection schemes. C1 Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rohlsberger, R (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, August Bebel Str 55, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. RI Rohlsberger, Ralf/J-4173-2013 OI Rohlsberger, Ralf/0000-0001-6005-5183 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 4 AR 047601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.047601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 456AV UT WOS:000170060700043 PM 11461645 ER PT J AU Simon, F Janossy, A Feher, T Muranyi, F Garaj, S Forro, L Petrovic, C Bud'ko, SL Lapertot, G Kogan, VG Canfield, PC AF Simon, F Janossy, A Feher, T Muranyi, F Garaj, S Forro, L Petrovic, C Bud'ko, SL Lapertot, G Kogan, VG Canfield, PC TI Anisotropy of superconducting MgB2 as seen in electron spin resonance and magnetization data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We observed the conduction electron spin resonance (CESR) in fine powders of MgB2 both in the superconducting and normal states. The Pauli susceptibility is chi (s) = 2.0 x 10(-5) emu/mole in the temperature range of 450 to 600 K. The spin relaxation rate has an anomalous temperature dependence. The CESR measured below T-c, at several frequencies suggests that MgB2 is a strongly anisotropic superconductor with the upper critical field, H-c2, ranging between 2 and 16 T. The high-field reversible magnetization data of a randomly oriented powder sample are well described assuming that MgB2 is an anisotropic superconductor with H-c2(ab)/H-c2(c) approximate to 6-9. C1 Budapest Univ Technol, Inst Phys, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Acad Sci, Econ & Solids Magnet Fields Res Grp, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Dept Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Simon, F (reprint author), Budapest Univ Technol, Inst Phys, POB 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. RI Janossy, Andras/H-5415-2012; Garaj, Slaven/B-9782-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; LAPERTOT, Gerard/B-3354-2008; Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Simon, Ferenc/G-7580-2011 OI Garaj, Slaven/0000-0001-5529-4040; Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Simon, Ferenc/0000-0001-9822-4309 NR 24 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 4 AR 047002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.047002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 456AV UT WOS:000170060700035 PM 11461637 ER PT J AU Lapinski, A Spanget-Larsen, J Waluk, J Radziszewski, JG AF Lapinski, A Spanget-Larsen, J Waluk, J Radziszewski, JG TI Vibrations of nitrous oxide: Matrix isolation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of twelve N2O isotopomers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HETERODYNE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY-SURFACES; ANHARMONIC-FORCE FIELD; TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; MU-M REGION; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATION BANDS; LINE STRENGTHS; SOLID NEON; ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION AB Isotopically labeled nitrous oxide has been produced in solid nitrogen matrices using mixtures of nitrogen and water containing N-14, N-15, O-16, O-17, and O-18. All twelve possible N2O isotopomers have been obtained, and their fundamental, overtone and combination frequencies were assigned by the joint use of infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations (B3LYP/AUG-cc-pVTZ). Specific influence of the nitrogen matrix upon frequency and anharmonicity of the vibrations has been discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Roskilde Univ, Dept Chem & Life Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. RP Radziszewski, JG (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Waluk, Jacek/C-8250-2011 NR 141 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 4 BP 1757 EP 1764 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 451JY UT WOS:000169800000014 ER PT J AU Bahrdt, J Frentrup, W Gaupp, A Scheer, M Gudat, W Ingold, G Sasaki, S AF Bahrdt, J Frentrup, W Gaupp, A Scheer, M Gudat, W Ingold, G Sasaki, S TI Elliptically polarizing insertion devices at BESSY II SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE elliptically polarizing undulators; double undulator; magnet block inhomogeneities ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; UNDULATOR AB Two APPLE II type twin undulators are installed at BESSY II. They can either be operated in a chicane mode providing variable polarization at high switching rates or in a combined mode using a modulator for phase adaption. Studies on magnet block inhomogeneities have started to further improve the field quality and to reduce the effort on shimming. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 BESSY GmbH Expriments, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bahrdt, J (reprint author), BESSY GmbH Expriments, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00554-X PN 1 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500005 ER PT J AU Voss, GA Rabedeau, T Raither, S Schopper, H Weihreter, E Winick, H AF Voss, GA Rabedeau, T Raither, S Schopper, H Weihreter, E Winick, H TI SESAME: an extended spectral range synchrotron radiation facility in the Middle East based on an upgrade to BESSY I SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE synchrotron; storage ring; X-ray; insertion device AB The SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East) project is described. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. UNESCO, Paris, France. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. BESSY, Berlin, Germany. RP Winick, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, MS69,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00215-7 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500012 ER PT J AU Zelenika, S Kramert, R Rivkin, L Rohrer, M Rossetti, D Ruland, R Schlott, V Streun, A Wiegand, P AF Zelenika, S Kramert, R Rivkin, L Rohrer, M Rossetti, D Ruland, R Schlott, V Streun, A Wiegand, P TI The SLS storage ring support and alignment systems SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE storage ring; support; positioning; alignment AB Storage rings of third generation synchrotron radiation facilities pose severe challenges for lowering the beam emittances and increasing the lifetimes, requiring thus increasing positioning and alignment precisions that must be preserved over long time spans. This work describes the SLS storage ring mechanical support, alignment and disturbances compensation systems that allow to meet these requirements. In particular, their design, the tests done on the respective prototypes and the applicability of the developed arrangement to beam-based alignment are addressed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zelenika, S (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Rivkin, Leonid/C-8006-2012; Zelenika, Sasa/D-8537-2017 OI Zelenika, Sasa/0000-0003-1536-0132 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00246-7 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500023 ER PT J AU Bahrdt, J Frentrup, W Gaupp, A Scheer, M Gudat, W Ingold, G Sasaki, S AF Bahrdt, J Frentrup, W Gaupp, A Scheer, M Gudat, W Ingold, G Sasaki, S TI A quasi-periodic hybrid undulator at BESSY II SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE quasi-periodic undulator; higher order suppression AB At BESSY II the first quasi-periodic hybrid type undulator has been installed. The magnetic structure has been optimized for higher order suppression and simultaneously for high flux in the (shifted) 5th harmonic to provide an useful energy range between 20 and 500 eV. At smallest gap of 15 mm the device operates as a wiggler with a K-value of 16. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 BESSY GmbH, Expt, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bahrdt, J (reprint author), BESSY GmbH, Expt, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 130 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00236-4 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500031 ER PT J AU Rowen, M Luning, J AF Rowen, M Luning, J TI Fast switching source for polarization modulation spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE soft X-ray; undulators; polarization; modulation spectroscopy ID HELICAL UNDULATOR AB A method for rapidly switching the polarization of soft X-rays from an insertion device on a synchrotron with minimal perturbation of the magnetic field is proposed. It is based on sequentially shifting the harmonics from two undulators into and out of the band pass of a monochromator. The chromatic shifting of the harmonics requires only small change of the magnetic field. This small perturbation of the magnetic fields should permit higher modulation frequencies and improved signal-to-noise ratios for polarization modulation spectroscopy. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Rowen, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00266-2 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500041 ER PT J AU Assoufid, L Hignette, O Howells, M Irick, S Lammert, H Takacs, P AF Assoufid, L Hignette, O Howells, M Irick, S Lammert, H Takacs, P TI Future metrology needs for synchrotron radiation grazing-incidence optics SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE optical metrology; synchrotron radiation; free-electron laser; grazing-incidence mirrors; surface figure; surface finish AB An International Workshop on Metrology for X-ray and Neutron Optics, the first of its kind, was held on March 16-17, 2000, at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Metrology specialists, beamline engineers and scientists, and vendors from around the world met to evaluate current metrology instrumentation and methods used to characterize the surface figure and finish off long grazing-incidence optics used in synchrotron radiation beamlines, and to consider future needs for synchrotron, free-electron laser, and neutron sources. This paper summarizes the discussions on mirror and metrology requirements for the current and next-generation X-ray sources. Some recommended strategies for the needs of the future are also given. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, User Program Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble 09, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. BESSY GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Opt Metrol Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Assoufid, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, User Program Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00296-0 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500063 ER PT J AU Mattenet, M Abernathy, D Zontone, F Detlefs, C Grubel, G Facchini, M Jacquot, P AF Mattenet, M Abernathy, D Zontone, F Detlefs, C Grubel, G Facchini, M Jacquot, P TI The thermal focusing mirror of the ESRF Troika beam line: principle, design and first results SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE X-ray mirror; mirror bender; heat transfer AB We describe a focussing mirror system that is bent by differential thermal expansion due to a temperature gradient perpendicular to its surface. Temperature control is achieved through a side cooling arrangement on the top, and a heating device at the bottom of the mirror body. We present measurements of the optical properties obtained by speckle interferometry on a test system, and under actual operating conditions in the white undulator beam. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, SNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, INAC, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Mattenet, M (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP220,6 Reu Jules Horowitz,Zip 38000, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RI Detlefs, Carsten/B-6244-2008; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012 OI Detlefs, Carsten/0000-0003-2573-2286; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00309-6 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500073 ER PT J AU Takenaka, H Nagai, K Ito, H Muramatsu, Y Kawamura, T Gullikson, E Perera, RCC AF Takenaka, H Nagai, K Ito, H Muramatsu, Y Kawamura, T Gullikson, E Perera, RCC TI Soft X-ray reflectivity and structure evaluation of CoCr/C multilayer X-ray mirrors for spectral region around 6 nm SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE multilayer; X-ray mirror; CoCr/C; reflectivity; thermal annealing ID SPECTROMICROSCOPY; MO/SI AB The development of highly-reflective multilayer mirrors for use in the 6-nm region is desired for X-ray photoemission spectroscopy for inner-shell excitation using a Schwarzschild objective. For this application, reflectivity is the most critical parameter determining the performance of multilayer mirrors, because the reflectivities of multilayers in the 6-nm region are generally very low, We have designed CoCr/C multilayer mirrors with a comparatively high reflectivity at around normal incidence and have fabricated them by magnetron sputtering. The measured peak reflectivity is about 11.5% at a wavelength of around 6 nm and an incident angle of 88 degrees. Thermal annealing was found to markedly improve the reflectivity, and a high value of 13% was obtained by annealing at 400 in an Ar atmosphere for 1 h. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NTT Adv Technol Co, Funct Mat Dept, Musashino, Tokyo 1808585, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. NTT, Basic Res Labs, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Takenaka, H (reprint author), NTT Adv Technol Co, Funct Mat Dept, Musashino, Tokyo 1808585, Japan. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00319-9 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500081 ER PT J AU Takenaka, H Ito, H Nagai, K Muramatsu, Y Gullikson, E Perera, RCC AF Takenaka, H Ito, H Nagai, K Muramatsu, Y Gullikson, E Perera, RCC TI Soft X-ray reflectivity and structure evaluation of Ni/C/Ti/C multilayer X-ray mirrors for water-window region SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE multilayer mirror; water window; reflectivity; heat resistance; Ni/C/Ti/C; Ni/Ti ID FABRICATION AB A Ni/Ti-based multilayer with thin interleaved carbon layers (Ni/C/Ti/C multilayer) has been designed and fabricated for the reflection coating of a grazing-incident-angle reflector in the water-window region for use in X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. It was found to be a highly reflective mirror at wavelengths just above the Ti absorption edge (around 2.73 nm), as designed. A Ni/C/Ti/C multilayer with 0.2-nm-thick interleaved carbon layers was fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The measured reflectivity was 40% at a wavelength of 2.76 nm and an incident angle of 9.5 degrees. This value is a little bit higher than that for a Ni/Ti multilayer with almost the same layer structure. Furthermore, the addition of thin carbon layers was found to significantly improve the heat resistance of a multilayer. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NTT Adv Technol Co, Funct Mat Dept, Musashino, Tokyo 1808585, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Takenaka, H (reprint author), NTT Adv Technol Co, Funct Mat Dept, 3-9-11 Midori Cho, Musashino, Tokyo 1808585, Japan. NR 3 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 341 EP 344 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00320-5 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500082 ER PT J AU Petrashen, P Erko, A AF Petrashen, P Erko, A TI Graded SiGe crystals as X-ray collimators SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN AB Many X-ray applications could benefit from a beam conditioner providing a parallel beam with a small cross-section. The limiting values may vary with an application, however, not a single commonly used X-ray optical device is able to achieve these two requirements simultaneously without a drastic loss of the primary beam intensity. The most promising way to overcome this limitation is using crystals with a gradient of the lattice parameter. Recent technological successes in growing high-perfection crystals of Ge-Si solid solutions [A. Erko, F. Schafers, W. Gudat, N.V. Abrosimov, S.N. Rossolenko, V. Alex, W. Schroder. Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 374 (1996) 408] make this goal achievable. The high quality of these crystals is experimentally confirmed [S. Keitel, C. Malgrange, T. Niemueller, J.R. Schneider. Acta Crystallogr A 55 (1999) 855]. This study shows that the gradient crystals allow making high-quality beam collimators overcoming the flux gain restrictions imposed by the flat or curved single crystals. Several types of collimators both for divergent and convergent beams are suggested. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, SLAC, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. BESSY GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Petrashen, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, SSRL, POB 4349,MS99, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Erko, Alexei/B-2276-2014; OI Erko, Alexei/0000-0003-4071-5177 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 358 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00324-2 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500086 ER PT J AU Rowen, M Peck, JW Rabedeau, T AF Rowen, M Peck, JW Rabedeau, T TI Liquid nitrogen cooled X-ray monochromator for high total power loads SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE X-ray optics; monochromator; liquid nitrogen; cooling ID SILICON AB A liquid nitrogen (LN) cooled X-ray monochromator has been designed and built for the high power loads of wigglers on the 500 mA SPEAR3 ring. The monochromator features two crystals sets for remote crystal changes, internally cooled first crystals with up to 10 atm LN coolant pressure, and low strain LN to vacuum seals. The system has been operated at one half the design total power with no thermal broadening of the rocking curve width. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rowen, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,POB 4349, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 400 EP 403 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00336-9 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500097 ER PT J AU Weiss, MR Follath, R Sawhney, KJS Senf, F Bahrdt, J Frentrup, W Gaupp, A Sasaki, S Scheer, M Mertins, HC Abramsohn, D Schafers, F Kuch, W Mahler, W AF Weiss, MR Follath, R Sawhney, KJS Senf, F Bahrdt, J Frentrup, W Gaupp, A Sasaki, S Scheer, M Mertins, HC Abramsohn, D Schafers, F Kuch, W Mahler, W TI The elliptically polarized undulator beamlines at BESSY II SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE variable polarization; soft X-ray monochromator ID RADIATION AB During 1998/99 three beamlines of the UE56-PGM type were built at BESSY-II to meet the increased need for synchrotron radiation of tuneable, i.e. linear to fully circular, polarization. We report on the results of characterization measurements, which were focused on spectral resolution, photon flux and polarization properties. The spectral resolution for all three beamlines. exceeds E/DeltaE =100 000 at 64.1 eV as obtained from absorption spectra of doubly excited He, The flux measurements resulted in values that closely follow the theoretical prediction of Up to 1 x 10(14) photons/(s 100 mA 0.1%) at 160 eV. The degree of polarization turned out to be close to 100% with circular and linear content, each of up to 100% depending on the undulator shift value, as predicted by theory. We also give first results on the double beam mode in which both undulator modules produce horizontally separated beams. This mode was used for fast switching of the polarization, utilizing a motorized chopper in the beamline. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 BESSY GmbH, Expt Div, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Ctr Adv Technol, Indus, Indore 452013, India. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Max Planck Inst Mikrostrukturphys, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Weiss, MR (reprint author), BESSY GmbH, Expt Div, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. NR 6 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00355-2 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500106 ER PT J AU Reichardt, G Bahrdt, J Schmidt, JS Gudat, W Ehresmann, A Muller-Albrecht, R Molter, H Schmoranzer, H Martins, M Schwentner, N Sasaki, S AF Reichardt, G Bahrdt, J Schmidt, JS Gudat, W Ehresmann, A Muller-Albrecht, R Molter, H Schmoranzer, H Martins, M Schwentner, N Sasaki, S TI A 10m-normal incidence monochromator at the quasi-periodic undulator U125-2 at BESSY II SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN AB The optical and mechanical design of a 10m-normal incidence monochromator for highest resolving power in the energy range from 10 to 40eV will be presented. In order to overcome problems associated with higher order contamination, this beamline will be installed at the quasi-periodic undulator U125-2 at BESSY II. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 BESSY GmbH, Expt Div, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Kaiserslautern, FB Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. FU Berlin, FB Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, XFD Exp Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reichardt, G (reprint author), BESSY GmbH, Expt Div, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RI Ehresmann, Arno/E-6853-2010 OI Ehresmann, Arno/0000-0002-0981-2289 NR 4 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 462 EP 465 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00359-X PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500109 ER PT J AU Warwick, T Cambie, D Padmore, HA Howells, MR AF Warwick, T Cambie, D Padmore, HA Howells, MR TI A variable-included-angle plane-grating-monochromator on an undulator for spectroscopy and microscopy at the Advanced Light Source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE monochromator; soft X-rays; microscope; dispersion ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB A new beam line (beam line 11.0) at the Advanced Light Source has been designed to employ an SX700 (Peterson, Opt. Commun. 40 (1982) 402) style variable-included-angle plane-grating-monochromator. The extended range available from a specific grating is exploited to cover energies from the carbon 1 s absorption edge to the oxygen I s absorption edge with two different gratings (150 and 1200 lines/mm) with dispersion different by a factor of three. The phase space of a zone plate microscope can then be efficiently filled either at low or high resolution (R=2500 and 7500). At the same time the monochromator is designed to cover the energy range from 75 to 1500 eV using the same two gratings at high resolution for spectroscopy, A deformable mirror pair will re-focus to a monochromatic spot 5x10 mum, matched into the acceptance of a fluorescence spectrometer. The monochromator will operate in vertically collimated light and the free choice of focusing parameter provides a guarantee of high resolution even when the power loading is high. However, we will provide a thermally engineered pre-mirror so that the high resolution requirement at low photon energy can be met without loss of efficiency. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Warwick, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00402-8 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500125 ER PT J AU Englisch, U Rossner, H Maletta, H Bahrdt, J Sasaki, S Senf, F Sawhney, KJS Gudat, W AF Englisch, U Rossner, H Maletta, H Bahrdt, J Sasaki, S Senf, F Sawhney, KJS Gudat, W TI The elliptical undulator UE46 and its monochromator beam-line for structural research on nanomagnets at BESSY-II SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE APPLE-II type undulator; plane grating monochromator; circular polarization; linear polarization AB The soft X-ray monochromator beamline installed at an elliptical undulator at BESSY-II is discussed. A technical description of the undulator and the main elements of the beamline is given. The APPLE-II type magnetic structure of the undulator is a pure permanent magnet design and allows four different modes of operation: circular polarization, horizontal and vertical polarization, and linear polarization under various angles. The beamline optics was designed to cover the soft X-ray energy range from 200 up to 2000 eV, and the plane grating monochromator has three different gratings which can be selected by a lateral translation inside the UHV vacuum. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Kernforsch Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. BESSY GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ctr Adv Technol, Indus, Indore 452013, India. RP Englisch, U (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Kernforsch Berlin GmbH, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 541 EP 544 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00407-7 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500129 ER PT J AU Young, AT Feng, J Arenholz, E Padmore, HA Henderson, T Marks, S Hoyer, E Schlueter, R Kortright, JB Martynov, V Steier, C Portmann, G AF Young, AT Feng, J Arenholz, E Padmore, HA Henderson, T Marks, S Hoyer, E Schlueter, R Kortright, JB Martynov, V Steier, C Portmann, G TI First commissioning results for the elliptically polarizing undulator beamline at the Advanced Light Source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE elliptically polarizing undulator; circular polarization; plane grating monochromator AB A new facility at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, for high resolution magnetic spectroscopy is described. Beamline 4.0.2 has an elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU) and a high resolution monochromator, covering the energy range from 90 to 1800 eV. In this paper, we present the first commissioning results from this beamline, including measurements of the spectral resolution, photon flux and polarization of the x-rays. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Young, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 549 EP 552 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00409-0 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500131 ER PT J AU Alp, EE Sinn, H Alatas, A Sturhahn, W Toellner, T Zhao, J Sutter, J Hu, M Shu, D Shvydko, Y AF Alp, EE Sinn, H Alatas, A Sturhahn, W Toellner, T Zhao, J Sutter, J Hu, M Shu, D Shvydko, Y TI Source and optics considerations for new generation high-resolution inelastic X-ray spectrometers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; DYNAMIC STRUCTURE FACTOR; MEV ENERGY RESOLUTION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; LIQUID LITHIUM; DENSITY; STATES AB The high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering technique has evolved rapidly at the third-generation synchrotron sources. It is now possible to measure collective excitations with 2 meV resolution. The next level of experiments may require even more stringent conditions in terms of energy resolution, sample size and environment. For example, microscopic single crystals, thin films or multilayers, confined liquids, and samples under high pressure are outside the domain of momentum resolved inelastic X-ray scattering. Inelastic nuclear resonant scattering can measure partial phonon density of states from such samples, provided that the samples contain suitable Mossbauer isotopes. Based on the experience obtained at the high-resolution X-ray scattering beamline (SRI-CAT 3-ID) of the APS, we present some new perspectives for X-ray sources, monochromators and analyzers to improve the performance of the spectrometer by an order of magnitude. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-2000 Hamburg 50, Germany. RP Alp, EE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 617 EP 622 PN 1 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500148 ER PT J AU Padmore, HA Thompson, AC Jun, F AF Padmore, HA Thompson, AC Jun, F TI A double crystal monochromator using tangentially bent crystals in combination with toroidal mirror focusing SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE X-ray monochromator; tangentially bent crystals; toroidal mirror focusing ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; RAY; SLITLESS; DESIGN AB The trend in beamline design has been to systems of greater complexity and cost, albeit with very large increases in performance. Here we present a design that attempts to simplify the system to a minimum, while preserving extremely high performance. This is achieved through placement of all optics close to the source inside the shield wall, the use of a tangentially bent 2 crystal monochromator, and a 1:1 focusing toroidal mirror. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Padmore, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, MS 2-400,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 650 EP 653 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00437-5 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500156 ER PT J AU Khounsary, A Maser, J AF Khounsary, A Maser, J TI A water-cooled X-ray monochromator for using off-axis undulator beam SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE X-ray; optics; monochromator; cooling; thermal management; beamline; undulator AB Undulator beamlines at third-generation synchrotron X-ray sources are designed to use the high-brilliance radiation that is contained in the central cone of the generated X-ray beams. The rest of the X-ray beam is often unused. Moreover, in some cases, such as in the zone-plate-based microfocusing beamlines, only a small part of the central radiation cone around the optical axis is used. In this paper, a side-station branch line at the Advanced Photon Source that takes advantage of some of the unused off-axis photons in a microfocusing X-ray beamline is described. Detailed information on the design and analysis of a high-heat-load water-cooled monochromator developed for this beamline is provided. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khounsary, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 654 EP 658 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00438-7 PN 1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500157 ER PT J AU Lienert, U Keitel, S Caliebe, W Schulze-Briese, C Poulsen, HF AF Lienert, U Keitel, S Caliebe, W Schulze-Briese, C Poulsen, HF TI Source size conserving broad band monochromators of fixed exit geometry for high energy synchrotron radiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE synchrotron radiation; X-ray optics; high energy X-rays; X-ray monochromator; source size broadening ID HARD X-RAYS AB The degradation of the effective source size by energy tunable, fixed exit, broad band monochromators for high energy synchrotron radiation (40-100 keV) is measured to be below 2 mu rad. Two monochromator schemes consisting of either two bent Lane crystals or two SiGe gradient crystals in a non-dispersive setting are characterized. The relative energy bandwidth is about 0.1% and reflectivities are above 80%. The source size broadening and band widths are found to be in agreement with predictions by a kinematical model. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. DESY, HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. PSI, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Lienert, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, APS, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lienert@aps.anl.gov RI Poulsen, Henning/A-4131-2012 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 659 EP 662 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00439-9 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500158 ER PT J AU Beno, MA Jennings, G Engbretson, M Knapp, GS Kurtz, C Zabransky, B Linton, J Seifert, S Wiley, C Montano, PA AF Beno, MA Jennings, G Engbretson, M Knapp, GS Kurtz, C Zabransky, B Linton, J Seifert, S Wiley, C Montano, PA TI Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Radiation Center undulator sector at the advanced photon source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE synchrotron radiation; monochromator; cryogenic; small angle scattering; high energy resolution ID MONOCHROMATOR AB The Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Radiation Center (BESSRC) Collaborative Access Team (CAT) has designed and built a multipurpose undulator beamline at Sector 12 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The first optical enclosure contains all the white light components including a high performance thin, cryogenically cooled Si (111) double crystal monochromator. All the experimental stations are equipped with an exhaust for reactive gases that allows in-situ studies of chemical reactions. The monochromatic windowless beamline is used for elastic and inelastic X-ray scattering, surface scattering, small-angle scattering, and spectroscopy research. Each of these activities is in general confined to one of the three experimental stations. The end station (12-ID-D) is a monochromatic enclosure that is used for surface scattering and includes MOCVD equipment for in-situ measurements. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Beno, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. RI Kurtz, Chalres/G-1037-2011 OI Kurtz, Chalres/0000-0003-2606-0864 NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 690 EP 693 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00455-7 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500166 ER PT J AU Beno, MA Kurtz, C Munkholm, A Rutt, U Engbretson, M Jennings, G Linton, J Knapp, GS Montano, PA AF Beno, MA Kurtz, C Munkholm, A Rutt, U Engbretson, M Jennings, G Linton, J Knapp, GS Montano, PA TI Elliptical multipole wiggler beamlines at the advanced photon source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE synchrotron radiation; monochromator; Compton scattering; high energy diffraction AB The Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Radiation Center Collaborative Access Team has built three independent beamlines, which simultaneously utilize the X-ray radiation from an elliptical multipole wiggler, located at Sector 11 of the Advanced Photon Source. This insertion device produces circularly polarized X-rays on-axis and linearly polarized X-rays above and below the ring plane. The lower linearly polarized radiation is used in the monochromatic 11ID-D station for scattering and spectroscopy experiments in the 5-40 keV range. The on-axis circularly polarized photons are used for magnetic Compton scattering experiments in the 11ID-B station. The tipper linearly polarized radiation is utilized by the high-energy diffraction station, 11ID-C. We report here on the beamline optics and experimental station equipment. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Beno, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. RI Kurtz, Chalres/G-1037-2011 OI Kurtz, Chalres/0000-0003-2606-0864 NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 694 EP 698 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00447-8 PN 1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500167 ER PT J AU Beno, MA Engbretson, M Jennings, G Knapp, GS Linton, J Kurtz, C Rutt, U Montano, PA AF Beno, MA Engbretson, M Jennings, G Knapp, GS Linton, J Kurtz, C Rutt, U Montano, PA TI BESSRC-CAT bending magnet beamline at the advanced photon source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE synchrotron radiation; spectroscopy; monochromator ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MONOCHROMATOR AB The Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Radiation Center Collaborative Access Team (BESSRC-CAT) has built a bending magnet beamline for spectroscopy and scattering experiments at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The windowless beamline uses a water cooled, double crystal, fixed exit monochromator with Si 111 crystals as the first optical element. The monochromator is capable of operations from 55 degrees to 3 degrees allowing experiments from approximately 2.5-30keV. A monochromatic double mirror system located in the white-beam enclosure focuses the beam in the experimental station, When the first mirror is removed energies above the mirror cutoff (similar to 22 keV) can be used. The 12BM-B user station is equipped for scattering (Huber 6-circle diffractometer) and spectroscopy (optical table, ion chambers and solid state detectors) experiments, (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Basic Energy Sci Synchrotron Radiat Ctr, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Beno, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. RI Kurtz, Chalres/G-1037-2011 OI Kurtz, Chalres/0000-0003-2606-0864 NR 5 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 699 EP 702 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00465-X PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500168 ER PT J AU Shu, DM Ramanathan, M Kuzay, TM AF Shu, DM Ramanathan, M Kuzay, TM TI General design of the layout for new undulator-only beamline front ends SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE synchrotron radiation beamline; beamline front end; high thermal load AB A great majority of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) users have chosen an undulator as the only source for their insertion device beamline. Compared with a wiggler source, the undulator source has a much smaller horizontal divergence, providing us with an opportunity to optimize the beamline front-end design further. In this paper, the particular designs and specifications, as well as the optical and bremsstrahlung ray-tracing analysis of the new APS front ends for undulator-only operation are presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shud@aps.anl.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 762 EP 766 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00495-8 PN 1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500183 ER PT J AU Shu, D Chang, J Kuzay, TM Brasher, DG AF Shu, D Chang, J Kuzay, TM Brasher, DG TI Development and applications of rectangular box-type explosively bonded structures for high-heat-load beamline components SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE explosive bonding; explosive weld; high-heat-load component; ultrahigh vacuum ID DESIGN AB Explosive bonding technology is a good choice to join dissimilar materials, such as 304L stainless steel and GlidCop AL-15, and is used extensively in making the advanced photon source (A-PS) hi, gh-heat-load beamline and front-end components. It is a bonding method in which the controlled energy of a detonating explosive is used to create a metallurgical bond between two or more similar or dissimilar materials. In recent years, special explosive bonding units with rectangular box-type joints were developed for the APS new high-heat-load beamline components. Based on this new technique, the box form of the component could be built in two halves first, then welded together. Therefore, beamline designers have more freedom to optimize the cooling surface geometry. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. High Energy Met Inc, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA. RP Shu, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 767 EP 770 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00497-1 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500184 ER PT J AU Shu, DM Toellner, TS Alp, EE AF Shu, DM Toellner, TS Alp, EE TI Modular overconstrained weak-link mechanism for ultraprecision motion control SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE ultraprecision mechanism; motion control; X-ray instrumentation ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; DESIGN AB We have designed and constructed a novel miniature overconstrained weak-link mechanism that will allow positioning of two crystals with better than 50 nrad angular resolution and nanometer linear driving sensitivity. The precision and stability of this structure allow the user to align or adjust an assembly of crystals to achieve the same performance as does a single channel-cut crystal, so we call it an "artificial channel-cut crystal." Unlike the traditional kinematic linear spring mechanisms, the overconstrained weak-link mechanism provides much higher structure stiffness and stability. Using a laminar structure configured and manufactured by chemical etching and lithography techniques, we are able to design and build a planar-shape, high stiffness, high precision weak-link mechanism. In this paper, we present recent developments for the overconstrained weak-link mechanism. Applications of this new technique to synchrotron radiation instrumentation are also discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00499-5 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 470YR UT WOS:000170900500185 ER PT J AU Denbeaux, G Anderson, E Chao, W Eimuller, T Johnson, L Kohler, M Larabell, C Legros, M Fischer, P Pearson, A Schultz, G Yager, D Attwood, D AF Denbeaux, G Anderson, E Chao, W Eimuller, T Johnson, L Kohler, M Larabell, C Legros, M Fischer, P Pearson, A Schultz, G Yager, D Attwood, D TI Soft X-ray microscopy to 25 nm with applications to biology and magnetic materials SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE X-ray microscopy; cryogenic preservation; high resolution; magnetic imaging AB We report both technical advances in soft X-ray microscopy (XRM) and applications furthered by these advances. With new zone plate lenses we record test pattern features with good modulation to 25 nm and smaller. In combination with fast cryofixation, sub-cellular images show very fine detail previously seen only in electron microscopy, but seen here in thick, hydrated, and unstained samples. The magnetic domain structure is studied at high spatial resolution with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (X-MCD) as a huge element-specific magnetic contrast mechanism. occurring e.g. at the L-2.3 edges of transition metals. It can be used to distinguish between in-plane and out-of-plane contributions by tilting the sample. As XRM is a photon based technique, the magnetic images can be obtained in unlimited varying external magnetic fields. The images discussed have been obtained at the XM-1 soft X-ray microscope on beamline 6.1 at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Denbeaux, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; Johnson, Lewis/G-1519-2013 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; NR 12 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 841 EP 844 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00480-6 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800002 ER PT J AU Guttmann, P Niemann, B Thieme, J Hambach, D Schneider, G Wiesemann, U Rudolph, D Schmahl, G AF Guttmann, P Niemann, B Thieme, J Hambach, D Schneider, G Wiesemann, U Rudolph, D Schmahl, G TI Instrumentation advances with the new X-ray microscopes at BESSY II SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE X-ray microscopy; transmission X-ray microscope; scanning transmission X-ray microscope; X-ray imaging; zone plates AB A new X-ray microscopic area is going to be established at the undulator U41 at BESSY II. This undulator provides an X-ray source of high brilliance in the energy range from 163 to 595 eV in the first harmonic. The microscopic area will comprise a transmission X-ray microscope, a scanning transmission X-ray microscope, and an X-ray test chamber. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Gottingen, BESSY GmbH, Inst Rontgenphys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Gottingen, Inst Rontgenphys, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guttmann, P (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, BESSY GmbH, Inst Rontgenphys, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RI Thieme, Juergen/D-6814-2013; Guttmann, Peter/H-9869-2015 OI Guttmann, Peter/0000-0002-0534-238X NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 849 EP 852 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00490-9 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800004 ER PT J AU Howells, MR Jacobsen, CJ Marchesini, S Miller, S Spence, JCH Weirstall, U AF Howells, MR Jacobsen, CJ Marchesini, S Miller, S Spence, JCH Weirstall, U TI Toward a practical X-ray Fourier holography at high resolution SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE X-ray; holography; diffraction; small-angle X-ray scattering; pinhole arrays; aerogels ID TRANSFORM AB We consider the theory and data analysis in Fourier-transform X-ray holography. We also report studies and experimental investigations of practical ways to generate a suitable holographic reference wave. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Howells, MR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Weierstall, Uwe/B-3568-2011; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015 OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 864 EP 867 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00498-3 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800008 ER PT J AU Hambach, D Peuker, M Schneider, G AF Hambach, D Peuker, M Schneider, G TI Nanostructured diffractive optical devices for soft X-ray microscopes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE X-ray microscopy; zone plate; electroplating; nickel; diffraction efficiency; resolution ID NICKEL AB The new transmission X-ray microscope (TXM) installed at the BESSY II electron storage ring uses an off-axis transmission zone plate (OTZ) as diffractive and focusing element of the condenser-monochromator setup. A high resolution micro-zone plate (MZP) forms a magnified image on a CCD-detector. Both, the OTZ with an active area of up to 24 mm(2) and the MZP with zone widths as small as 25 nm are generated by a process including electron beam lithography (EBL), dry etching and subsequent electroplating of nickel on top of silicon membrane substrates with about 100-150 nm thickness. The combination of a larger zone width and the usage of nickel zone structures allows to increase the diffraction efficiency of the condenser element at least by a factor of 3 compared to the earlier used KZP7 condenser zone plate in the TXM at BESSY I. Groove diffraction efficiencies of 21.6% and 14.7% were measured for MZP objectives with 40 and 25 nm outermost zone width, respectively. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Xray Phys, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hambach, D (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Xray Phys, Geiststr 11, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 877 EP 880 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00507-1 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800011 ER PT J AU Garrett, RF Blagojevic, N Cai, Z Lai, B Legnini, DG Rodrigues, W Stampfl, APJ AF Garrett, RF Blagojevic, N Cai, Z Lai, B Legnini, DG Rodrigues, W Stampfl, APJ TI Synchrotron X-ray microprobe analysis of radioactive trace elements in mineral sands SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE X-ray microprobe; mineral trace element analysis; XANES ID PRODUCTS AB Elemental distribution maps and XANES spectra of radioactive trace elements in zircon and ilmenite mineral grains were measured using a synchrotron X-ray microprobe. The results confirm the utility of the technique for the study of trace elements in minerals, provide chemical information important for designing processes for their removal from ores, and are direct confirmation for a previously inferred model of thorium incorporation into ilmenite during weathering. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Instrumentat CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Garrett, RF (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Private Mail Bag 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 897 EP 900 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00514-9 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800016 ER PT J AU Chang, C Naulleau, P Anderson, E Attwood, D AF Chang, C Naulleau, P Anderson, E Attwood, D TI Spatial coherence properties of undulator radiation based on Thompson-Wolf two-pinhole measurement SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN ID SOFT-X-RAY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB The Thompson-Wolf two-pinhole technique was used to characterize the spatial coherence properties of undulator radiation. Both vertical and horizontal coherence properties are measured with various pinhole separations. High spatial coherence of extreme ultraviolet undulator radiation is demonstrated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 913 EP 916 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00518-6 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800020 ER PT J AU MacDowell, AA Celestre, RS Tamura, N Spolenak, R Valek, B Brown, WL Bravman, JC Padmore, HA Batterman, BW Patel, JR AF MacDowell, AA Celestre, RS Tamura, N Spolenak, R Valek, B Brown, WL Bravman, JC Padmore, HA Batterman, BW Patel, JR TI Submicron X-ray diffraction SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE X-ray micro-diffraction; electromigration; X-ray focusing ID ELECTROMIGRATION; ACCURACY; MIRRORS; DESIGN; LINES AB At the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley we have instrumented a beam line that is devoted exclusively to X-ray micro-diffraction problems. By micro-diffraction we mean those classes of problems in Physics and Materials Science that require X-ray beam sizes in the sub-micron range. The instrument is for instance, capable of probing a sub-micron size volume inside micron-sized aluminum metal grains buried under a silicon dioxide insulating layer. The resulting Laue pattern is collected on a large area CCD detector and automatically indexed to yield the grain orientation and deviatoric (distortional) strain tensor of this sub-micron volume. A four-crystal monochromator is then inserted into the beam. which allows monochromatic light to illuminate the same part of the sample. Measurement of the diffracted photon energy allows for the determination of d spacings. The combination of white and monochromatic beam measurements allow for the determination of the total strain/stress tensor (6 components) inside each sub-micron-sized illuminated volume of the sample. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP MacDowell, AA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Spolenak, Ralph/A-1655-2008 NR 16 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 936 EP 943 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00530-7 PN 2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800026 ER PT J AU Heimann, PA Lindenberg, AM Kang, I Johnson, S Missalla, T Chang, Z Falcone, RW Schoenlein, RW Glover, TE Padmore, HA AF Heimann, PA Lindenberg, AM Kang, I Johnson, S Missalla, T Chang, Z Falcone, RW Schoenlein, RW Glover, TE Padmore, HA TI Ultrafast X-ray diffraction of laser-irradiated crystals SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE time-resolved X-ray diffraction; synchrotron radiation beamline ID STREAK-CAMERA; PHONONS AB Coherent acoustic phonons have been observed in the X-ray diffraction of a laser-excited InSb crystal. Modeling based on time-dependent dynamical diffraction theory has allowed the extraction of fundamental constants, such as the electron-acoustic phonon coupling time. A dedicated beamline for time-resolved studies has been developed at the Advanced Light Source with special considerations toward high transmission, low scattering and a wide photon energy range. The facility combines a bend magnet beamline, time-resolved detectors and a femtosecond laser system. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Heimann, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Johnson, Steven/B-3252-2008; Chang, Zenghu/K-8143-2012; Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014 OI Johnson, Steven/0000-0001-6074-4894; Chang, Zenghu/0000-0001-9015-0747; Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 986 EP 989 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00547-2 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800037 ER PT J AU Adams, B Nishino, Y Novikov, DV Materlik, G Mills, DM AF Adams, B Nishino, Y Novikov, DV Materlik, G Mills, DM TI Parametric down conversion of X-rays, recent experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE nonlinear; X-ray optics AB Parametric down conversion of X-ray photons in diamond crystals was detected in six experiments, all using the phase matching scheme first employed in the X-ray regime by Eisenberger and McCall (Eisenberger and McCall, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26 (1971) 684). The conversion events were detected by a combination of time correlation spectroscopy and energy discrimination. The time correlation spectra gave a direct comparison of the conversion rate over the accidental coincidence rate. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 DESY, Deutschen Elektronensynchrotron, Hamburger Synchrontronstschlungslab HASYLAB, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Adams, B (reprint author), DESY, Deutschen Elektronensynchrotron, Hamburger Synchrontronstschlungslab HASYLAB, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RI Nishino, Yoshinori/A-9927-2008 OI Nishino, Yoshinori/0000-0002-7215-8013 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1019 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00572-1 PN 2 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800045 ER PT J AU Rutt, U Beno, MA Strempfer, J Jennings, G Kurtz, C Montano, PA AF Rutt, U Beno, MA Strempfer, J Jennings, G Kurtz, C Montano, PA TI Diffractometer for high energy X-rays at the APS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE high energy X-rays; synchrotron radiation; diffraction ID TRIPLE-CRYSTAL DIFFRACTOMETER; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SCATTERING AB The Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Radiation Center (BESSRC) has designed and built a diffractometer specialized for high energy synchrotron radiation (E > 60keV) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The diffractometer, which is installed at the elliptical multipole wiggler, uses linearly polarized light (U. Rdtt et al., Proc. SPIE 3348 (1998) 132.). The instrument is a triple-axis diffractometer allowing high resolution measurement in two dimensions of the reciprocal space. As opposed to the other diffractometers for high photon energies at HASYLAB (Germany) and ESRF (France) (R. Bouchard et al., 5 (1998) 90; K.-D. Liss et al.. J. Synchrotron Rad. 5 (1998) 82), this diffractometer utilizes the vertical scattering plane to take full advantage of the small vertical divergence of the beam and to allow horizontal focusing of the broad beam from the wiggler without disturbing the resolution of the instrument. The instrument is designed to carry heavy sample equipment up to a weight of 200 kg, while maintaining high resolution and low background. First tests have been done to check the overall performance, stability, background and resolution of the diffractometer. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Basic Energy Sci Synchrotron Radiat Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL USA. RP Rutt, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kurtz, Chalres/G-1037-2011 OI Kurtz, Chalres/0000-0003-2606-0864 NR 7 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1026 EP 1029 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00580-0 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800047 ER PT J AU Friedrich, S Niedermayr, T Drury, O Cunningham, MF van den Berg, ML Ullom, JN Loshak, A Funk, T Cramer, SP Batteux, JD See, E Frank, M Labov, SE AF Friedrich, S Niedermayr, T Drury, O Cunningham, MF van den Berg, ML Ullom, JN Loshak, A Funk, T Cramer, SP Batteux, JD See, E Frank, M Labov, SE TI A superconducting detector endstation for high-resolution energy-dispersive SR-XRF SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators; superconducting tunnel junctions; X-ray detectors ID MICROCALORIMETER AB We have built a two-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) to operate cryogenic high-resolution X-ray detectors in synchrotron-based fluorescence applications. The detector is held at the end of a 40 cm cold finger that extends into a UHV sample chamber. The ADR attains a base temperature below 100 mK with about 20 h hold time below 400 mK, and does not require pumping on the liquid He bath. We will discuss cryostat design and performance. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Friedrich, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-418, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1117 EP 1120 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00609-X PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800070 ER PT J AU Baur, K Brennan, S Werho, D Moro, L Pianetta, P AF Baur, K Brennan, S Werho, D Moro, L Pianetta, P TI Recent advances and perspectives in synchrotron radiation TXRF SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE total reflection X-ray fluorescence; detection limit; synchrotron radiation AB Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) using Synchrotron Radiation is likely to be the most powerful nondestructive technique for the analysis of trace metal impurities on silicon wafer surfaces. Of fundamental importance in TXRF is the achievable sensitivity as characterized by the minimum detection limit. This work describes the progress we achieved recently at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) in minimum detection limits for transition metals and will give an estimate of what can be achieved using a third generation synchrotron radiation source such as SPEAR3. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SSRL SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Motorola Inc, Mesa, AZ 85202 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pianetta, P (reprint author), SSRL SLAC, MS 69,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1198 EP 1201 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00569-1 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800088 ER PT J AU Hwu, Y Tsai, WL Hsieh, HH Je, JH Kang, HS Kim, IW Lee, KH Kim, HJ Lai, B Margaritondo, G AF Hwu, Y Tsai, WL Hsieh, HH Je, JH Kang, HS Kim, IW Lee, KH Kim, HJ Lai, B Margaritondo, G TI Collimation-enhanced micro-radiography in real-time SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN ID HARD X-RAYS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CONTRAST; COHERENCE; RESOLUTION; IMAGES AB Highly collimated synchrotron sources are the essential ingredient of novel radiology and micro-radiology techniques for materials science. medicine and biology-with contrast based on the refractive index rather than on absorption. We were able to implement a real-time version of such techniques. Successful test studies included thin-foil breaking and electrodeposition processes in the areas concerning materials properties. Meanwhile. extensive effort was dedicated to obtain high-quality X-ray images of live specimens on a microscopic scale and in real time. These tests achieved a lateral resolution better than 2 mum and a time per image of 10 ms, with clear potential for further improvements. The images revealed in great detail moving parts of different specimens. opening the way to a wide variety of applications in the life sciences, medicine and materials science. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Med Res Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Seoul, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Hwu, Y (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1294 EP 1300 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00643-X PN 2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800111 ER PT J AU Stampfl, APJ Friedman, ES Wilkinson, TJ Alp, EE Yener, KA AF Stampfl, APJ Friedman, ES Wilkinson, TJ Alp, EE Yener, KA TI Shedding light on the past SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE synchrotron X-ray fluorescence; archaeology AB The Amuq valley in southern Turkey is an important and interesting area in the Near East forming a space-time bridge for archaeologists and scientists to ancient and modern civilizations. The Lake of Antioch which evolved during the mid-late Holocene appears to have been located nearby some of the largest human settlements existing during this period. By documenting the conditions of the lake in time, using classical and modern approaches, the climate and geomorphology of the basin may be reconstructed. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence measurements were performed on sections of a sedimentary core from the lake, representing an estimated 7500yr of history. Analysis yielded the distribution of elemental masses spanning Ca to Mo as a function of depth from the surface. We find that the elemental concentrations measured follow a number of distinct patterns that may be related to local geomorphology, climate and human activities. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Div Phys, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. Univ Chicago, Dept Near Eastern Languages & Civilizat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Oriental Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Stampfl, APJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1305 EP 1307 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00645-3 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800113 ER PT J AU Vogt, S Jager, M Schneider, G Schulze, E Saumweber, H Rudolph, D Schmahl, G AF Vogt, S Jager, M Schneider, G Schulze, E Saumweber, H Rudolph, D Schmahl, G TI Visualizing specific nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells using soft X-ray microscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE X-ray microscopy; immunolabeling; dosage compensation ID RESOLUTION AB Specific nuclear proteins in immunogold labeled Drosophila melanogaster cells were visualized by applying soft X-ray microscopy. In addition, first experiments were performed to localize two different labeled nuclear proteins in the same X-ray micrograph by using immunofluorescence microscopy for distinguishing the proteins. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Rontgenphys, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Gottingen, Zool Inst 3, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Humboldt Univ, Inst Biol Zytogenet, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Vogt, S (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Rontgenphys, Geiststr 11, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1312 EP 1314 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00650-7 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800115 ER PT J AU Takeda, T Yu, Q Yashiro, T Zeniya, T Wu, J Hasegawa, Y Thet-Thet-Lwin Hyodo, K Yuasa, T Dilmanian, FA Akatsuka, T Itai, Y AF Takeda, T Yu, Q Yashiro, T Zeniya, T Wu, J Hasegawa, Y Thet-Thet-Lwin Hyodo, K Yuasa, T Dilmanian, FA Akatsuka, T Itai, Y TI Iodine imaging in thyroid by fluorescent X-ray CT with 0.05 mm spatial resolution SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE fluorescent X-ray computed tomography synchrotron radiation; thyroid; hyperthyroidism ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION AB Fluorescent X-ray computed tomography (FXCT) at a 0.05 mm in-plane spatial resolution and 0.05 mm slice thickness depicted the cross sectional distribution of endogenous iodine within thyroid. The distribution obtained from the FXCT image correlated closely to that obtained from the pathological pictures. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Clin Med, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058575, Japan. Yamagata Univ, Fac Engn, Yonezawa, Yamagata 9928510, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050810, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Takeda, T (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Clin Med, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058575, Japan. RI Yuasa, Tetsuya/F-5006-2013 NR 13 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1318 EP 1321 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00654-4 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800117 ER PT J AU Kortright, JB Kim, SK Fullerton, EE Jiang, JS Bader, SD AF Kortright, JB Kim, SK Fullerton, EE Jiang, JS Bader, SD TI X-ray magneto-optic Kerr effect studies of spring magnet heterostructures SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE magnetic films; exchange-coupling; magneto-optical effects; X-ray spectroscopy ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FE; BEHAVIOR; EDGES; FILMS AB The complex 3-dimensional magnetization reversal behavior of Sm-Co/Fe exchange spring films is used to test the sensitivity of different resonant soft X-ray magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements to changes in longitudinal and transverse moments within the soft Fe layer and to changes in these moments in depth within the Fe layer, As in the visible MOKE. changes in longitudinal and net transverse moments are resolved by measuring both Kerr rotation and intensity loops, respectively, near the Fe 2p core resonance. These X-ray MOKE signals measured using linear incident polarization are more directly interpreted in terms of longitudinal and transverse moments than are the same signals measured using elliptical polarization. Varying photon energy near the Fe L-3 line is shown to be an effective means of resolving distinctly different reversal behavior at the top and bottom of the 20 nm thick Fe layer resulting from the strong exchange coupling at the Sm-Co/Fe interface. Measured X-ray MOKE spectra and signals are in qualitative agreement with those calculated using standard magneto-optical formalisms incorporating interference between different layers and measured helicity-dependent magneto-optical constants for Fe. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kortright, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Xray Opt, Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013; Kim, Sang-Koog/J-4638-2014 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509; NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1396 EP 1403 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00742-2 PN 2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800135 ER PT J AU Wende, H Wilhelm, F Poulopoulos, P Rogalev, A Goulon, J Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA Baberschke, K AF Wende, H Wilhelm, F Poulopoulos, P Rogalev, A Goulon, J Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA Baberschke, K TI Temperature-dependent magnetic EXAFS investigation of Gd SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE magnetic EXAFS; temperature-dependent; synchrotron radiation instrumentation ID SCATTERING AB Magnetic EXAFS (MEXAFS) is the helicity-dependent counterpart of the well-established EXAFS technique. By means of MEXAFS it is possible not only to analyze the local magnetic structure but also to learn about magnetic fluctuations. Here we present the MEXAFS of a Gd single crystal at the L-3.2-edges in the temperature range of 10-250 K. For the first time MEXAFS was probed over a large range in reduced temperature of 0.04 less than or equal to T/T-C less than or equal to 0.85 with T-C = 293 K. We show that the vibrational damping described by means of a Debye temperature of theta (D) = 160 K must be taken into account for the spin-dependent MEXAFS before analyzing magnetic fluctuations. For a detailed analysis of the MEXAFS and the EXAFS. the experimental data are compared to ab initio calculations. This enables us to separate the individual single- from the multiple-scattering contributions. The MEXAFS data have been recorded at the ID 12A beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). To ensure that the degree of circular polarization is kept constant, the undulator gap was scanned so that the maximum photon flux at every energy point was used. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wende, H (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, Inst Expt Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RI Wende, Heiko/J-8505-2012 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1426 EP 1429 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00675-1 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800142 ER PT J AU Glover, TE Ackermann, GD Belkacem, A Feinberg, B Heimann, PA Hussain, Z Padmore, HA Ray, C Schoenlein, RW Steele, WF AF Glover, TE Ackermann, GD Belkacem, A Feinberg, B Heimann, PA Hussain, Z Padmore, HA Ray, C Schoenlein, RW Steele, WF TI Measurement of synchrotron pulse durations using surface photovoltage transients SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE combined laser-synchrotron spectroscopy; X-ray pulse measurement ID RECOMBINATION; SI(111)2X1; RADIATION; DYNAMICS; LASER AB We report results on experiments using combined laser and synchrotron radiation. Picosecond laser pulses at 800 nm are used to induce surface photovoltage transients in p-type Si samples. A two-component decay is observed. The fast component of decay provides a direct measure of synchrotron soft X-ray pulse durations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glover, TE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, MS-2-345,1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566 NR 3 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1438 EP 1440 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00679-9 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800145 ER PT J AU Rohlsberger, R Toellner, TS Quast, KW Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Burkel, E AF Rohlsberger, R Toellner, TS Quast, KW Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Burkel, E TI The nuclear lighthouse effect: a new tool for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN DE nuclear resonance; synchrotron radiation; coherent scattering; rotation ID MU-EV-RESOLUTION; RESONANCE-SCATTERING; ROTATING MEDIUM AB Synchrotron radiation that is coherently scattered from a rotating ensemble of resonant nuclei acquires an angular deflection proportional to the nuclear decay time. At sufficiently high rotational frequencies, the delayed radiation is well separated from the direct beam so that its time spectrum can be recorded with a position sensitive detector. This has been demonstrated employing nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation at the 23.8-keV resonance of Sn-119. Further spectroscopic applications employing high-energy nuclear resonances around 80 keV are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rohlsberger, R (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, August Bebel Str 55, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. RI Rohlsberger, Ralf/J-4173-2013 OI Rohlsberger, Ralf/0000-0001-6005-5183 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1473 EP 1476 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00723-9 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800155 ER PT J AU Sinn, H Alp, EE Alatas, A Barraza, J Bortel, G Burkel, E Shu, D Sturhahn, W Sutter, JP Toellner, TS Zhao, J AF Sinn, H Alp, EE Alatas, A Barraza, J Bortel, G Burkel, E Shu, D Sturhahn, W Sutter, JP Toellner, TS Zhao, J TI An inelastic X-ray spectrometer with 2.2 meV energy resolution SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2000) CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY) HO TECH UNIV BERLIN ID SCATTERING AB We present a new spectrometer at the Advanced Photon Source for inelastic X-ray scattering with an energy resolution of 2.2 meV at an incident energy of 21.6 keV. For monochromatization, a nested structure or one silicon channel cut and one 'artificial' channel cut is used in forward-scattering geometry. The energy analysis is achieved by a two-dimensional focusing silicon analyzer in backscattering geometry. In the first demonstration experiments, elastic scattering from a Plexiglas (TM) sample and two dispersion curves in a beryllium single crystal were measured. Based on these data sets, the performance of the new spectrometer is discussed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XFD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Rostock, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. RP Sinn, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XFD, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 467 BP 1545 EP 1548 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00755-0 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472YP UT WOS:000171012800173 ER PT J AU Little, LM Papen, GC AF Little, LM Papen, GC TI Fiber-based lidar for atmospheric water-vapor measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; BRAGG-REFLECTOR LASERS; TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERE; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; NARROW-LINEWIDTH; ND; AMPLIFICATION; COEFFICIENTS; BACKSCATTER AB The design and evaluation of a prototype fiber-based lidar system for autonomous measurement of atmospheric water vapor are presented. The system components are described, along with current limitations and options for improvement. Atmospheric measurements show good agreement with modeled signal returns from 400 to 1000 m but are limited below 400 m as a result of errors in signal processing caused by violation of the assumptions used in the derivation of the differential absorption lidar equation. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Little, LM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-183,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lmlittle@llnl.gov NR 45 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 21 BP 3417 EP 3427 DI 10.1364/AO.40.003417 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 453TG UT WOS:000169932100001 PM 18360367 ER PT J AU Quirrenbach, A Roberts, JE Fidkowski, K de Vries, W van Breugel, W AF Quirrenbach, A Roberts, JE Fidkowski, K de Vries, W van Breugel, W TI Keck adaptive optics observations of the radio galaxy 3C 294: A merging system at z=1.786? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : individual (3C 294); galaxies : interactions; instrumentation : adaptive optics ID EMISSION-LINE PROPERTIES; REDSHIFT Z-SIMILAR-TO-1; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; VELOCITY-FIELDS; EVOLUTION; HST; PERFORMANCE; TELESCOPE; OLD AB We present seeing-limited and adaptive optics images of the z = 1.786 radio galaxy 3C 294 in the H and K' infrared bands obtained at Keck Observatory. The infrared emission of 3C 294 is dominated by two distinct components separated by similar to1" (9 kpc). The eastern knot contains an unresolved core that contributes similar to4% of the K'-band light; we identify this core with the active nucleus. The western component is about 2.5 times brighter. The most plausible interpretation of the near-infrared morphology is an ongoing merger event, with the active nucleus located in the less massive of the two galaxies. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Quirrenbach, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM aquirrenbach@ucsd.edu NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 556 IS 1 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1086/321564 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 460PN UT WOS:000170317900012 ER PT J AU Howell, DA Hoflich, P Wang, LF Wheeler, JC AF Howell, DA Hoflich, P Wang, LF Wheeler, JC TI Evidence for asphericity in a subluminous Type Ia supernova: Spectropolarimetry of SN 1999by SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE polarization; supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 1999 by) ID CHANDRASEKHAR MASS MODELS; WHITE-DWARFS; LIGHT CURVES; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; DELAYED DETONATION; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; EXPLOSION MODELS; CLOSE BINARIES; HUBBLE DIAGRAM; NEUTRON STAR AB We present polarization spectra near maximum light for the strongly subluminous Type Ia supernova SN 1999by that show that the supernova is intrinsically polarized. SN 1999by has an observed, overall level of polarization of approximate to0.3%-0.8%, a rise of the polarization P redward of 6500 Angstrom, and a change in polarization across the Si II lambda 6150 feature of about 0.4%. The presentation of the polarization at different wavelengths in the Q-U plane is shown to be a powerful tool to determine the overall geometry and the interstellar component. The distribution of points with wavelength using this empirical Q-U plane method reveals that SN 1999by has a well-defined axis of symmetry and suggests an interstellar polarization (ISP) vector with P(ISP) = 0.3% and position angle Theta = 150 degrees with an error circle in the Q-U plane of radius about 0.1%. Synthetic non-LTE spectra for axisymmetric configurations based on delayed-detonation models have been computed assuming ellipsoidal geometry. The input ejecta structure and composition are based on a Chandrasekhar mass delayed-detonation model. The parameters of the explosion are chosen to reproduce the time evolution of IR spectra of SN 1999by without further adjustments. Spherical models are then mapped onto ellipsoidal geometries and the axis ratio, viewing angle, and ISP adjusted to provide the best agreement with the polarization spectra. Both flux and polarization spectra can be reasonably well reproduced by models with an asphericity of approximate to 20% observed equator-on. The general properties of the polarization can be understood as a consequence of the structure of subluminous models. Best fits are obtained for the theoretical models with P(ISP) = 0.25% and Theta = 140 degrees, consistent with the empirical method. We discuss our results for this subluminous Type Ia in the context of "normally bright" Type Ia supernovae. For normally bright Type Ia, the photosphere is near the inner iron-rich layers at maximum light and the ubiquitous iron lines give a rapid variation to the model polarization spectra. In subluminous models, the photosphere near maximum is in the silicon layers with fewer lines and a smoother overall polarization spectrum, as observed for SN 1999by. Though data are sparse, the low upper limits for polarization determined for many normal events in contrast to the high polarization in SN 1999by may suggest a relation between the asymmetry we observed and the mechanism that produces a subluminous Type Ia. Among various mechanisms, rapid rotation of the progenitor white dwarf and/or an explosion during a binary white dwarf merger process are likely candidates to explain the asphericity in SN 1999by. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Howell, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM howell@astro.as.utexas.edu; pah@astro.as.utexas.edu; lifan@astro.as.utexas.edu; wheel@astro.as.utexas.edu NR 114 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 556 IS 1 BP 302 EP 321 DI 10.1086/321584 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 460PN UT WOS:000170317900027 ER PT J AU Link, B Epstein, RI AF Link, B Epstein, RI TI Precession interpretation of the isolated pulsar PSR B1828-11 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dense matter; magnetic fields; pulsars : individual (PSR B1828-11) stars : magnetic fields; stars : neutron ID NEUTRON-STARS; CONSTRAINTS; SUPERFLUID; GLITCHES AB Pulse timing of the isolated pulsar PSR B1828-11 shows strong Fourier power at periods similar or equal to 1000, 500, and 250 days, correlated with changes in the pulse profile (Stairs, Lyne, & Shemar). We study the extent to which these data can be explained by precession of the star's rigid crust coupled to the magnetic dipole torque. We find that the correlated changes in the pulse duration and spin period derivative can be explained as precession at a period of similar or equal to 500 days with a wobble angle of similar or equal to3 degrees if the star's dipole moment is nearly orthogonal to its symmetry axis. The dipole torque produces a harmonic at similar to 250 days. Comparison of the predicted spin dynamics with the observed pulse durations requires the radio beam to have a nonstandard "hourglass" shape. We make predictions of variations in beam polarization and pulse profile with which to test this interpretation. The precession interpretation of PSR B1828-11 seriously challenges the current understanding of the liquid interior of the neutron star. In particular, if the internal liquid is in a superfluid state, its rotational vortices cannot be significantly pinned to the crust. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Link, B (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 44 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 556 IS 1 BP 392 EP 398 DI 10.1086/321581 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 460PN UT WOS:000170317900033 ER PT J AU Lossack, AM Roduner, E Bartels, DM AF Lossack, AM Roduner, E Bartels, DM TI Kinetics of the reaction of H and D with methanediol and 1,2-ethanediol in aqueous solution SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDRATED ELECTRONS; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; RATE CONSTANTS AB Kinetic ESR investigation of the reactions of H and D with methanediol (hydrated formaldehyde) and 1,2-ethanediol in liquid water yield rate constants represented by Arrhenius behavior: log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (12.56 +/- 0.20) - [(31.0 +/- 0.9) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for H + CH2(OH)(2) log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (13.16 +/- 0.19) - [(34.6 +/- 0.9) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for D + CH2(OD)(2) log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (10.95 +/- 0.18) - [(21.5 +/- 0.9) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for H + (CH2OH)(2) Ethanediol reacts by abstraction whereas the kinetics of methanediol reflects a temperature dependent contribution of parallel reactions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roduner, E (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 342 IS 5-6 BP 524 EP 528 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00639-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 456MW UT WOS:000170087500011 ER PT J AU Call, DR Brockman, FJ Chandler, DP AF Call, DR Brockman, FJ Chandler, DP TI Detecting and genotyping Escherichia coli O157 : H7 using multiplexed PCR and nucleic acid microarrays SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA microarray; enterohemorrhagic; food safety; shiga-like toxin; intimin; hemolysin ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; DNA AMPLIFICATION; APPLE JUICE; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; ALLELES; MILK AB Rapid detection and characterization of food borne pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 is crucial for epidemiological investigations and food safety surveillance. As an alternative to conventional technologies, we examined the sensitivity and specificity of nucleic acid microarrays for detecting and genotyping E. coli O157:H7. The array was composed of oligonucleotide probes (25-30 mer) complementary to four virulence loci (intimin, Shiga-like toxins I and Il, and hemolysin A). Target DNA was amplified from whole cells or from purified DNA via single or multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PCR products were hybridized to the array without further modification or purification. The array was 32-fold more sensitive than gel electrophoresis and capable of detecting amplification products from < 1 cell equivalent of genomic DNA (1 fg). Immunomagnetic capture, PCR and a microarray were subsequently used to detect 55 CFU ml(-1) (E. coli O157:H7) from chicken rinsate without the aid of pre-enrichment. Four isolates of E, coli O157:H7 and one isolate of O91:H2, for which genotypic data were available, were unambiguously genotyped with this array. Glass-based microarrays are relatively simple to construct and provide a rapid and sensitive means to detect multiplexed PCR products; the system is amenable to automation. (C) 2001 SOCIETY. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Call, DR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, POB 647040, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 31 TC 120 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00437-8 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 454RN UT WOS:000169985700007 PM 11482571 ER PT J AU Ni, YS McPhie, P Deacon, A Ealick, S Coleman, WG AF Ni, YS McPhie, P Deacon, A Ealick, S Coleman, WG TI Evidence that NADP(+) is the physiological cofactor of ADP-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose 6-epimerase SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; DEPENDENT GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; COENZYME SPECIFICITY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RFAD GENE; BINDING; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS AB ADP-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose 6-epimerase is required for lipopolysaccharide inner core biosynthesis in several genera of Gram-negative bacteria. The enzyme contains both fingerprint sequences Gly-X-Gly-X-X-Gly and Gly-X-X-Gly-X-X-Gly near its N terminus, which is indicative of an ADP binding fold. Previous studies of this ADP-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose 6-epimerase (ADP-hep 6-epimerase) were consistent with an NAD(+) cofactor. However, the crystal structure of this ADP-hep 6-epimerase showed bound NADP (Deacon, A. M., Ni, Y. S., Coleman, W. G., Jr., and Ealick, S. E. (2000) Structure 5, 453-462). In present studies, apo-ADP-hep 6-epimerase was reconstituted with NAD(+), NADP(+), and FAD. In this report we provide data that shows NAD(+) and NADP(+) both restored enzymatic activity, but FAD could not. Furthermore, ADP-hep 6-epimerase exhibited a preference for binding of NADP(+) over NAD(+). The K-d value for NADP(+) was 26 muM whereas that for NAD(+) was 45 muM. Ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra showed that apo-ADP-hep 6-epimerase reconstituted with NADP(+) had more secondary structure than apo-ADP-hep 6-epimerase reconstituted with NAD(+). Perchloric acid extracts of the purified enzyme were assayed with NAD(+)-specific alcohol dehydrogenase and NADP(+)- specific isocitric dehydrogenase. A sample of the same perchloric acid extract was analyzed in chromatographic studies, which demonstrated that ADP-hep 6-epimerase binds NADP(+) in vivo. A structural comparison of ADP-hep 6-epimerase with UDP-galactose 4-epimerase, which utilizes an NAD(+) cofactor, has identified the regions of ADP-hep 6-epimerase, which defines its specificity for NADP(+). C1 NIDDK, Lab Biochem & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Coleman, WG (reprint author), NIDDK, Lab Biochem & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 29 BP 27329 EP 27334 DI 10.1074/jbc.M102258200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 454HJ UT WOS:000169966900080 PM 11313358 ER PT J AU Hegde, V Kelley, MR Xu, Y Mian, IS Deutsch, WA AF Hegde, V Kelley, MR Xu, Y Mian, IS Deutsch, WA TI Conversion of the bifunctional 8-oxoguanine/beta-delta apurinic/apyrimidinic DNA repair activities of Drosophila ribosomal protein S3 into the human S3 monofunctional P-elimination catalyst through a single amino acid change SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME ENDONUCLEASE-III; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DAMAGED DNA; DEOXYRIBOSE PHOSPHATE; GLYCOSYLASE ACTIVITY; DELTA-ELIMINATION; BETA-ELIMINATION; STRUCTURAL BASIS; ABASIC SITES; FPG PROTEIN AB The Drosophila 53 ribosomal protein has important roles in both protein translation and DNA repair. In regards to the latter activity, it has been shown that 53 contains vigorous N-glycosylase activity for the removal of 8-oxoguanine residues in DNA that leaves baseless sites in their places. Drosophila 53 also possesses an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase activity in which the enzyme catalyzes a beta -elimination reaction that cleaves phosphodiester bonds 3' and adjacent to an AP lesion in DNA. In certain situations, this is followed by a delta -elimination reaction that ultimately leads to the formation of a single nucleotide gap in DNA bordered by 5' and 3'-phosphate groups. The human 53 protein, although 80% identical to its Drosophila homolog and shorter by only two amino acids, has only marginal N-glycosylase activity. Its lyase activity only cleaves AP DNA by a beta -elimination reaction, thus further distinguishing itself from the Drosophila 53 protein in lacking a delta -elimination activity. Using a hidden Markov model analysis based on the crystal structures of several DNA repair proteins, the enzymatic differences between Drosophila and human 53 were suggested by the absence of a conserved glutamine residue in human 53 that usually resides at the cleft of the deduced active site pocket of DNA glycosylases. Here we show that the replacement of the Drosophila glutamine by an alanine residue leads to the complete loss of glycosylase activity. Unexpectedly, the delta -elimination reaction at AP sites was also abrogated by a change in the Drosophila glutamine residue. Thus, a single amino acid change converted the Drosophila activity into one that is similar to that possessed by the human 53 protein. In support of this were experiments executed in vivo that showed that human 53 and the Drosophila site-directed glutamine-changed 53 performed poorly when compared with Drosophila wildtype 53 and its ability to protect a bacterial mutant from the harmful effects of DNA-damaging agents. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Herman B Wells Ctr Pediat Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Deutsch, WA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, 6400 Perkins, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 29 BP 27591 EP 27596 DI 10.1074/jbc.M101213200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 454HJ UT WOS:000169966900113 PM 11353770 ER PT J AU Sanders, DAR Moothoo, DN Raftery, J Howard, AJ Helliwell, JR Naismith, JH AF Sanders, DAR Moothoo, DN Raftery, J Howard, AJ Helliwell, JR Naismith, JH TI The 1.2 angstrom resolution structure of the Con A-dimannose complex SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate conformation; Con A-saccharide complex; crystal structure; molecular recognition; thermodynamics ID LECTIN-CARBOHYDRATE INTERACTIONS; SUBSTITUTED CONCANAVALIN-A; REFINED STRUCTURE; LEGUME LECTINS; BINDING-SITE; X-RAY; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; DISACCHARIDES; RECOGNITION; CRYSTAL AB The complex between concanavalin A (Con A) and alpha1-2 mannobiose (mannose alpha1-2 mannose) has been refined to 1.2 Angstrom resolution. This is the highest resolution structure reported for any sugar-lectin complex. As the native structure of Con A to 0.94 Angstrom resolution is already in the database, this gives us a unique opportunity to examine sugar-protein binding at high resolution. These data have allowed us to model a number of hydrogen atoms involved in the binding of the sugar to Con A, using the difference density map to place the hydrogen atoms. This map reveals the presence of the protonated form of Asp208 involved in binding. Asp208 is not protonated in the 0.94 Angstrom native structure. Our results clearly show that this residue is protonated and hydrogen bonds to the sugar. The structure accounts for the higher affinity of the alpha1-2 linked sugar when compared to other disaccharides. This structure identifies different interactions to those predicted by previous modelling studies. We believe that the additional data presented here will enable significant improvements to be made to the sugar-protein modelling algorithms. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, APS, IMCA, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Naismith, JH (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. RI Naismith, James/H-3408-2012; Helliwell, John /C-4587-2014; ID, IMCACAT/D-5867-2014; Sanders, David/I-5668-2016 OI Naismith, James/0000-0001-6744-5061; Helliwell, John /0000-0002-0520-7540; NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 310 IS 4 BP 875 EP 884 DI 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4806 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 454RJ UT WOS:000169985300015 PM 11453694 ER PT J AU Xu, P Wang, F Ping, JL Goldman, T AF Xu, P Wang, F Ping, JL Goldman, T TI QED-QCD interference effect on the charge-dependent N-N interaction SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID NUCLEON-NUCLEON-INTERACTION; INTERMEDIATE RANGE ATTRACTION; PION-MASS DIFFERENCE; QUARK CLUSTER MODEL; SPIN ORBIT FORCES; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; DELOCALIZATION; SCATTERING; VIOLATION AB The charge symmetry breaking and charge independence breaking N-N S-1(0) scattering length differences, Deltaa(CSB) and Deltaa(CIB), are calculated by a resonating group method with a quark cluster model. By adding the QED-QCD interference effect to the quark mass difference and the electromagnetic interaction, the Deltaa(CSB) and Deltaa(CIB) values can be reproduced with model parameters constrained by the hadron isomultiplet mass splitting. C1 Nanjing Univ, Ctr Theoret Phys, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. Nanjing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210097, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210094, Peoples R China. RP Xu, P (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Ctr Theoret Phys, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 16 IS 22 BP 1417 EP 1426 DI 10.1142/S0217732301004741 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 467MR UT WOS:000170708800002 ER PT J AU McKee, RA Walker, FJ Chisholm, MF AF McKee, RA Walker, FJ Chisholm, MF TI Physical structure and inversion charge at a semiconductor interface with a crystalline oxide SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCHOTTKY-BARRIER HEIGHTS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SILICON; TRANSISTORS; DIELECTRICS; CONSTRAINTS; STABILITY; TITANATE; DEVICES; SRTIO3 AB We show that the physical and electrical structure and hence the inversion charge for crystalline oxides on semiconductors can be understood and systematically manipulated at the atomic Level. Heterojunction band offset and alignment are adjusted by atomic-level structural and chemical changes, resulting in the demonstration of an electrical interface between a polar oxide and a semiconductor free of interface charge. In a broader sense, we take the metal oxide semiconductor device to a new and prominent position in the solid-state electronics timeline, It can now be extensively developed using an entirely new physical system: the crystalline oxides-on-semiconductors interface. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McKee, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Walker, Frederick/0000-0002-8094-249X NR 29 TC 203 Z9 209 U1 5 U2 62 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5529 BP 468 EP 471 DI 10.1126/science.293.5529.468 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 454HG UT WOS:000169966700040 PM 11463909 ER PT J AU Decker, BK Macdonald, RG AF Decker, BK Macdonald, RG TI Channeling of products in the hot atom reaction H+(CN)(2)-> HCN/HNC+CN and in the reaction of CN with CH3SH SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID REACTION DYNAMICS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; TRANSITION-MOMENT; RED SYSTEM; HCN; HNC; SPECTROSCOPY; CHLORINE; SURFACE; SPECTRA AB Infrared transient absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the total product branching fractions for the gas-phase hot atom reaction H + (CN)(2) --> HCN/HNC + CN (a) and the reaction CN + CH3SH --> HCN/ HNC + CH3S/CH2SH (b) at 293 K. The reactive H atoms had an initial mean translational energy of 92 kJ mol(-1), with a 38 kJ mol(-1) fwhm Gaussian energy distribution. The branching fractions determined for the product channels forming HCN and HNC, respectively, are 0.88 and 0.12 (+/- 0.05) for reaction (a) and 0.81 and 0.19 (+/- 0.08) for reaction (b). The bimolecular rate constant for reaction (b) was measured to be (2.7 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) cm(3) molec(-1) s(-1) at 293 K. The observed product branching fractions for reaction (a) are consistent with the assumption that the average reactive cross sections for the two product channels are approximately equal above their respective energy thresholds. The results for reaction (a) are compared with the related H + XCN (X = Br, Cl) reactions. The large rate coefficient for reaction (b) suggests an interaction via a long-range intermolecular potential, which is facilitated by the small ionization energy of CH3SH and large electron affinity of CN. The results for reaction (b) are compared with the related reactions of Cl and OH with CH3SH. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Macdonald, RG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 19 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 28 BP 6817 EP 6825 DI 10.1021/jp0108061 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 456YP UT WOS:000170110600007 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, MM Darab, JG Fulton, JL AF Hoffmann, MM Darab, JG Fulton, JL TI An infrared and X-ray absorption study of the structure and equilibrium of chromate, bichromate, and dichromate in high-temperature aqueous solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL WATER; FINE-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ION; HYDRATION; XAFS; COORDINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CONSTANTS; SPECTRA AB The structure and speciation of bichromate, dichromate, and chromate was studied to temperatures up to 400 degreesC using the combined information obtained from infrared (IR) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. Actual species concentrations were obtained from the IR measurements. which were then used as fixed input parameters for the XAFS analysis. With this procedure a complete description of the molecular structure of each chromate species to high temperatures was obtained. In agreement with previous high temperature studies on the chromate system, the bichromate species was found to become thermodynamically favored at high temperatures under acidic or near-neutral conditions. For example, only the bichromate species was found to be present at 350 degreesC in a 0.145 m aqueous chromate solution having an initial solution pH of 3.3. Because of this, the bichromate molecular structure could be fully characterized from the measured XAFS data. The first-shell structure around the central chrome atom is extremely similar in the bichromate. and dichromate structures with virtually identical Cr-O bond distances for the three terminal oxygen atoms and with only a slightly different Cr-O bond distance for the bridging oxygen. As a result of this structural similarity, the v(as)(CrO3) asymmetric stretching frequency of the bichromate and dichromate species nearly overlap in the IR, as is evident from the quantitative analysis of this band. Furthermore, the chromate structure in the ion-paired species, (Na+)(CrO42-), at high temperature is nearly identical to that in the free chromate ion. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fulton, JL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 19 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 28 BP 6876 EP 6885 DI 10.1021/jp0104740 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 456YP UT WOS:000170110600013 ER PT J AU Gomez, H Taylor, TR Neumark, DM AF Gomez, H Taylor, TR Neumark, DM TI Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of aluminum phosphide clusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID KINETIC-ENERGY SPECTROSCOPY; LYING ELECTRONIC STATES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; DETACHMENT ENERGIES; BASIS-SETS; GERMANIUM; SPECTRA; PHOTODETACHMENT; CONSTANTS; ABINITIO AB Anion photoelectron spectra of size selected AlxPy- (x, y less than or equal to 4) clusters have been taken at photodetachment wavelengths of 266 nm (4.661 eV), 355 nm (3.493), and 416 nm (2.980 eV). The spectra show transitions to multiple neutral electronic states, and several of these bands are vibrationally resolved. We report electron affinities, term values, and vibrational frequencies of the corresponding neutral and anion states, where possible. Detailed assignments are proposed for the AlP2-, Al2P-, and Al2P2- spectra with the aid of electronic structure calculations. Results are compared with comparably sized GaxPy- and InxPy- clusters. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 43 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 19 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 28 BP 6886 EP 6893 DI 10.1021/jp0105544 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 456YP UT WOS:000170110600014 ER PT J AU Engelke, R Blais, NC Sheffield, SA Sander, RK AF Engelke, R Blais, NC Sheffield, SA Sander, RK TI Production of a chemically-bound dimer of 2,4,6-TNT by transient high pressure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BENZENE MOLECULES; DIMERIZATION; COMPRESSION; STATE AB We report experimental observations of a chemically bound dimer of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) produced by high-pressure shock waves. The experimental observations were made with a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer within which it is possible to produce strong shock waves by detonating condensed-phase explosives. The dimer is thought to arise from a Diels-Alder (DA) cross-linking of two TNT molecules. It is noteworthy that DA reactions are strongly pressure enhanced. We found that under some shock conditions a significant fraction of the TNT molecules are dimerized. The dimerization reaction, which is endothermic, may play a role in the shock insensitivity of TNT. Ancillary experiments in which TNT was evaporated and expanded through a nozzle into the mass spectrometer are also reported. It was possible in these experiments to produce a weakly bound TNT dimer in which the binding forces are those characteristic of a crystal. We show that this type of dimer has a different fragmentation pattern caused by electron impact ionization than the one produced by a shock wave. A rough estimate of the binding energy of this type dimer is given. The difference in the fragmentation patterns of the two types of dimer indicates that the dimer produced in the shock wave experiments is a physically different structure than the weakly bound species produced in the evaporation experiments. This supports the view that the shock-produced dimer is chemically bound. Two-dimensional time-dependent reactive hydrodynamic modeling of the shock wave experiments is used to produce estimates of the pressure and temperature fields in the shocked TNT as a function of space and time. The calculations, in conjunction with the experimental data, allow us to estimate the time scale of the shockwave-produced TNT dimerization reaction as being roughly 10 ns. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Engelke, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 19 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 28 BP 6955 EP 6964 DI 10.1021/jp010492h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 456YP UT WOS:000170110600023 ER PT J AU Xing, JH Coronado, EA Miller, WH AF Xing, JH Coronado, EA Miller, WH TI Some new classical and semiclassical models for describing tunneling processes with real-valued classical trajectories SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molecular Dynamics - The Next Millennium CY JUN 02-03, 2000 CL COLUMBIA UNIV, NEW YORK, NY HO COLUMBIA UNIV ID INITIAL-VALUE REPRESENTATION; ELECTRONICALLY NONADIABATIC DYNAMICS; COMPLEX MOLECULAR-SYSTEMS; THERMAL RATE CONSTANTS; S-MATRIX; LINEARIZED APPROXIMATION; WAVEPACKET PROPAGATION; COLLISION PROCESSES; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; QUANTUM DYNAMICS AB A model for describing barrier tunneling (or other classically forbidden processes) using purely real-valued classical trajectories is presented. The basic idea is to introduce an auxiliary degree of freedom that allows for fluctuations in the potential-energy surface for the original classical degrees of freedom. The model can be applied purely classically or better semiclassically (e.g., via the initial value representation). Numerical results for ID barrier tunneling are presented to illustrate the model. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Xing, Jianhua/A-8101-2012; icmol, icmol/I-5784-2015; OI Xing, Jianhua/0000-0002-3700-8765; Coronado, Eduardo A./0000-0002-2251-1501 NR 74 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 19 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 28 BP 6574 EP 6578 DI 10.1021/jp0046086 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 456YN UT WOS:000170110500016 ER PT J AU Goulder, PJR Brander, C Tang, YH Tremblay, C Colbert, RA Addo, MM Rosenberg, ES Nguyen, T Allen, R Trocha, A Altfeld, M He, SQ Bunce, M Funkhouser, R Pelton, SI Burchett, SK McIntosh, K Korber, BTM Walker, BD AF Goulder, PJR Brander, C Tang, YH Tremblay, C Colbert, RA Addo, MM Rosenberg, ES Nguyen, T Allen, R Trocha, A Altfeld, M He, SQ Bunce, M Funkhouser, R Pelton, SI Burchett, SK McIntosh, K Korber, BTM Walker, BD TI Evolution and transmission of stable CTL escape mutations in HIV infection SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; VIREMIA; IMMUNODOMINANT; PROGRESSION; SUPPRESSION; RESPONSES; VARIANTS; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Increasing evidence indicates that potent anti-HIV-1 activity is mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)(1-3); however, the effects of this immune pressure on viral transmission and evolution have not been determined. Here we investigate mother-child transmission in the setting of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 expression, selected for analysis because it is associated with prolonged immune containment in adult infection(4). In adults, mutations in a dominant and highly conserved B27-restricted Gag CTL epitope lead to loss of recognition and disease progression(4-6). In mothers expressing HLA-B27 who transmit HIV-1 perinatally, we document transmission of viruses encoding CTL escape variants in this dominant Gag epitope that no longer bind to B27. Their infected infants target an otherwise subdominant B27-restricted epitope and fail to contain HIV replication. These CTL escape variants remain stable without reversion in the absence of the evolutionary pressure that originally selected the mutation. These data suggest that CTL escape mutations in epitopes associated with suppression of viraemia will accumulate as the epidemic progresses, and therefore have important implications for vaccine design. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div AIDS, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, William S Rowe Div Rheumatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Pathol, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England. Churchill Hosp, Oxford Transplant Ctr, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Sect Pediat Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Goulder, PJR (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. OI Allen, Rachel/0000-0001-9834-8475; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 30 TC 414 Z9 428 U1 1 U2 12 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 19 PY 2001 VL 412 IS 6844 BP 334 EP 338 DI 10.1038/35085576 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 453LW UT WOS:000169918200047 PM 11460164 ER PT J AU Kondev, FG Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Abu Saleem, K Ahmad, I Amro, H Cizewski, JA Danchev, M Davids, CN Hartley, DJ Heinz, A Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Ma, WC Poli, GL Ressler, J Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Seweryniak, D Smith, MB Wiedenhover, I AF Kondev, FG Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Abu Saleem, K Ahmad, I Amro, H Cizewski, JA Danchev, M Davids, CN Hartley, DJ Heinz, A Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Ma, WC Poli, GL Ressler, J Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Seweryniak, D Smith, MB Wiedenhover, I TI Identification of excited structures in proton unbound nuclei Au-173,Au-175,Au-177: shape co-existence and intruder bands SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DEFICIENT; HG ISOTOPES; RADIOACTIVITY; REGION; STATE; DECAY; OBLATE; TL-187; LIGHT AB Excited states in the proton-unbound Au-173,Au-175,Au-177 nuclei were identified for the first time. Level structures associated with three different shapes were observed in Au-175. While the yrast lines of Au-175 and Au-177 consist of a prolate band built upon the intruder 1/2(+) [660] (i(13/2)) proton orbital, no sign of collectivity was observed in the lighter Au-173 isotope, Implications for the deformation associated with these structures are discussed with a focus on shape co-existence in the vicinity of the proton-drip line. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kondev@anl.gov RI Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Smith, Martin/0000-0003-0834-1574 NR 43 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 19 PY 2001 VL 512 IS 3-4 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00714-6 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 454PL UT WOS:000169980900004 ER PT J AU Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Simao, FRA Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Sarwar, S Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Park, H Alimonti, G Boschini, M Caccianiga, B D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, A Sala, S Davenport, TF Agostino, L Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Segoni, I Viola, L Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Mirles, A Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Cho, K Handler, T Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, M Sheaff, M AF Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Simao, FRA Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Sarwar, S Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Park, H Alimonti, G Boschini, M Caccianiga, B D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, A Sala, S Davenport, TF Agostino, L Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Segoni, I Viola, L Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Mirles, A Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Cho, K Handler, T Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, M Sheaff, M TI Measurement of the relative branching ratio BR(Xi(+)(c) -> p(+)K(-)pi(+))/BR(Xi(+)(c) -> Xi(-)pi(+)pi(+)) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB We report the observation of the Cabibbo suppressed decay Xi (+)(c) --> pK(-)pi (+) using data collected with the FOCUS spectrometer during the 1996-1997 Fermilab fixed target run. We find a Xi (+)(c) signal peak of 202 +/- 35 events. We have measured the relative branching ratios BR(Xi (+)(c) --> pK(-)pi (+))/BR(Xi (+)(c) --> Xi (-)pi (+)pi (+)) = 0.234 +/- 0.047 +/- 0.022 and BR(Xi (+)(c) --> p (K) over bar*(892)(0))/BR(Xi (+)(c) --> pK(-)pi (+)) = 0.54 +/- 0.09 +/- 0.05. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Link, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016 OI Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 19 PY 2001 VL 512 IS 3-4 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00590-1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 454PL UT WOS:000169980900005 ER PT J AU Kessinger, GF Huett, T Delmore, JE AF Kessinger, GF Huett, T Delmore, JE TI Ag ion formation mechanisms in molten glass ion emitters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE isotope ratios; thermal ion emission; silica gel; molten glass; ion emission mechanisms ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THERMAL-IONIZATION; SURFACE-IONIZATION; METAL NITRATES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; DECOMPOSITION; SULFUR AB Experimental and computational studies were conducted on silver/molten borosilicate glass (silica gel) ion emitters to better understand the physical and chemical processes associated with them, and in particular the chemistry of the molten glass solution that enhances ion emission. Based on the results of these studies and previous work, a model is proposed that explains the major features of the observed phenomena. It is believed that the molten glass dissolves both the analyte element and some Re from the filament. Rhenium is oxidized by the B2O3 of the borosilicate glass producing a rhenium oxide that migrates to the surface of the glass, providing a high work function surface that enhances cation emission. Last, we believe the analyte element (in this case Ag) resides in the glass primarily in the zero oxidation state (reduced by thermal decomposition of the oxide or nitrate) and volatilizes from the surface with a percentage of Ag atoms volatilizing as cations determined by the difference between the work function of the surface and the ionization potential of the analyte atom. This explanation may be applicable to other elements analyzed by silica gel technology that are readily reduced to the elemental form (by thermal decomposition or by reduction by the Re filament). Selected features of this explanation, such as analyte solubility and a high work function surface, may be applicable to analyte elements that are not readily reduced to elemental form. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Delmore, JE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL 18 PY 2001 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00378-5 PG 21 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 456UK UT WOS:000170100500005 ER PT J AU Gresham, GL Groenewold, GS Appelhans, AD Olson, JE Benson, MT Jeffery, MT Rowland, B Weibel, MA AF Gresham, GL Groenewold, GS Appelhans, AD Olson, JE Benson, MT Jeffery, MT Rowland, B Weibel, MA TI Static secondary ionization mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS2) characterization of the chemical warfare agent HD on soil particle surfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE secondary ion mass spectrometry; blister agent; distilled mustard; chemical agent; surface analysis ID DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; SULFUR MUSTARD; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SIMS; VX; SAMPLES; SULFIDE; MATRIX AB Detection of the blister agent HD [bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide] or distilled mustard directly on the surface of soil particles using ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometry in the static mode is demonstrated. HD by its very nature is adsorptive; this attribute makes detection of surface adsorbed HD by gas-phase approaches difficult, but renders the compound amenable to surface detection. Two different ion trap (IT) mass spectrometers, modified to perform secondary ionization mass spectrometry using a ReO4- primary ion beam, were employed in the present study. Sputtered ions were trapped in the gas phase in the IT, where they could be scanned out (MS1), or isolated and fragmented (MS2). The intact HD molecular ion was not observed, however an abundant ion corresponding to [HD - Cl](+) was formed, as were lower mass fragment ions, and ions derived from the chemical background. Ab initio calculations were used to propose structures of the fragment ions. At 0.5 monolayers surface coverage, [HD - Cl](+) and lower mass HD fragment ions were significantly more abundant than the background. At lower concentrations, however, the HD secondary ion signal became masked by the background. Sensitivity and selectivity were significantly improved in the MS2 mode of operation. MS2 of [HD - Cl](+) resulted in production of analytically diagnostic C2H4SH+ and other S- and Cl-bearing fragment ions. HD was detected at 0.07 monolayers using the MS2 approach, which corresponds to 108 ppm on a mass/mass basis. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. W Desert Test Ctr, Battelle Dugway Operat, Dugway Proving Ground, UT 84022 USA. RP Gresham, GL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Benson, Michael/B-8855-2017 OI Benson, Michael/0000-0003-4927-614X NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL 18 PY 2001 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00388-8 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 456UK UT WOS:000170100500015 ER PT J AU Belov, ME Nikolaev, EN Harkewicz, R Masselon, CD Alving, K Smith, RD AF Belov, ME Nikolaev, EN Harkewicz, R Masselon, CD Alving, K Smith, RD TI Ion discrimination during ion accumulation in a quadrupole interface external to a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE electrospray; FTICR-MS (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry); selective external ion accumulation; ion discriminations; ion stability ID MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; FRINGING FIELDS; SPACE-CHARGE; TRAP; FILTER AB When coupled with high-performance capillary separations, Fourier transform ion cyclotron (FTICR) mass spectrometry provides powerful new capabilities for proteomic studies. Selective ion accumulation in a two-dimensional quadrupole device external to an FTICR mass spectrometer has been shown to increase its sensitivity, dynamic range, and duty cycle. In this article, we have evaluated the operation of a linear quadrupole ion trap coupled to a 3.5-tesla FTICR mass spectrometer in the presence of high space charge. On increasing the ion population in the linear quadrupole trap, pronounced m/z discrimination was observed. We have found that the superposition of the applied quadrupole rf and dc fields, the effective dc field from space charge within the quadrupole, and the quadrupole fringing fields at the quadrupole entrance and exit result in ion instability and m/z discrimination. After optimizing experimental parameters responsible for m/z discrimination, capillary LC-separated tryptic peptide ions (from a bovine serum albumin digest) were shown to be externally accumulated and detected using the FTICR mass spectrometer without evident m/z discrimination. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dick.smith@pnl.gov RI Masselon, Christophe/A-2340-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Nikolaev, Eugene/N-4498-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Nikolaev, Eugene/0000-0001-6209-2068 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL 18 PY 2001 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 205 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00434-1 PG 21 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 456UK UT WOS:000170100500020 ER PT J AU Snee, PT Payne, CK Mebane, SD Kotz, KT Harris, CB AF Snee, PT Payne, CK Mebane, SD Kotz, KT Harris, CB TI Dynamics of photosubstitution reactions of Fe(CO)(5): An ultrafast infrared study of high spin reactivity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; COMPLEXES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SUBSTITUTION; METHANE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; THERMOCHEMISTRY; ABSORPTION; MECHANISM AB The photosubstitution reactions of Fe(CO)(5) with alcohols and triethylphosphine have been studied in room temperature solution using femtosecond UV pump IR probe techniques. The dynamics of Fe(CO)(5) in alcohols show that the coordination of the hydroxyl group of the solvent with tripler Fe(CO)(5) is generally much faster than the coordination timescale observed with comparable singlet species. The physical reason for this is the fact that the metal C-H agostic bond is much weaker for triplets, thus allowing fast rearrangement to the hydroxyl group of the alcohol. In the case of triethylphosphine photosubstitution- the reaction is divided into parallel channels which include intersystem crossing and a spin conserving double carbonyl loss. The intermediates observed were studied using density functional theory (DFT) as well as ah initio quantum chemical calculations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Payne, Christine/E-5954-2010 NR 43 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 18 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 28 BP 6909 EP 6915 DI 10.1021/ja010648r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 451LF UT WOS:000169803000021 ER PT J AU Brown, K Hingerty, BE Guenther, EA Krishnan, VV Broyde, S Turteltaub, KW Cosman, M AF Brown, K Hingerty, BE Guenther, EA Krishnan, VV Broyde, S Turteltaub, KW Cosman, M TI Solution structure of the 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine C8-deoxyguanosine adduct in duplex DNA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DIETARY HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FOOD-BORNE CARCINOGEN; OPPOSITE DC; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SOLUTION CONFORMATION; ENERGY MINIMIZATION; CANCER RISK; NMR; SEQUENCE AB The carcinogenic heterocyclic amine (HA) 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is formed during the cooking of various meats, To enable structure/activity studies aimed at understanding how DNA damaged by a member of the HA class of compounds can ultimately lead to cancer, we have determined the first solution structure of an Il-mer duplex containing the C8-dG adduct formed by reaction with N-acetoxy-PhIP. A slow conformational exchange is observed in which the PhIP ligand either intercalates into the DNA helix by denaturing and displacing the modified base pair (main form) or is located outside the helix in a minimally perturbed B-DNA duplex (minor form). In the main base-displaced intercalation structure, the minor groove is widened, and the major groove is compressed at the lesion site because of the location of the bulky PhIP-N-methyl and phenyl ring in the minor groove; this distortion causes significant bending of the helix. The PhIP phenyl ring interacts with the phosphodiester-sugar ring backbone of the complementary strand and its fast rotation with respect to the intercalated imidazopyridine ring causes substantial distortions at this site, such as unwinding and bulging-out of the strand. The glycosidic torsion angle of the [PhIP]dG residue is syn, and the displaced guanine base is directed toward the 3 ' end of the modified strand. This study contributes, to our knowledge, the first structural information on the biologically relevant HA class to a growing body of knowledge about how conformational similarities and differences for a variety of types of lesions can influence protein interactions and ultimately biological outcome. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Cosman, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Krishnan, Krish/A-6859-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA055861, CA55861, R01 CA075449, CA75449]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR013461, RR13461] NR 40 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 17 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 15 BP 8507 EP 8512 DI 10.1073/pnas.151251898 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 454HK UT WOS:000169967000056 PM 11438709 ER PT J AU Cho, H Wang, WR Kim, R Yokota, H Damo, S Kim, SH Wemmer, D Kustu, S Yan, DL AF Cho, H Wang, WR Kim, R Yokota, H Damo, S Kim, SH Wemmer, D Kustu, S Yan, DL TI BeF3- acts as a phosphate analog in proteins phosphorylated on aspartate: Structure of a BeF3- complex with phosphoserine phosphatase SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE REGULATOR PROTEIN; P-TYPE ATPASE; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; CALCIUM-ATPASE; PHOSPHOENZYME INTERMEDIATE; L-2-HALOACID DEHALOGENASE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION AB Protein phosphoaspartate bonds play a variety of roles. In response regulator proteins of two-component signal transduction systems, phosphorylation of an aspartate residue is coupled to a change from an inactive to an active conformation. In phosphatases and mutases of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily, phosphoaspartate serves as an intermediate in phosphotransfer reactions, and in P-type ATPases, also members of the HAD family, it serves in the conversion of chemical energy to ion gradients. In each case, lability of the phosphoaspartate linkage has hampered a detailed study of the phosphorylated form. For response regulators, this difficulty was recently overcome with a phosphate analog, BeF3-, which yields persistent complexes with the active site aspartate of their receiver domains. We now extend the application of this analog to a HAD superfamily member by solving at 1.5-Angstrom resolution the x-ray crystal structure of the complex of BeF3- with phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP) from Methanococcus jannaschii. The structure is comparable to that of a phosphoenzyme intermediate: BeF3- is bound to Asp-ll with the tetrahedral geometry of a phosphoryl group, is coordinated to Mg2+, and is bound to residues surrounding the active site that are conserved in the HAD superfamily. Comparison of the active sites of BeF3-. PSP and BeF3-. CeY, a receiver domain/response regulator, reveals striking similarities that provide insights into the function not only of PSP but also of P-type ATPases. Our results indicate that use of BeF3- for structural studies of proteins that form phosphoaspartate linkages will extend well beyond response regulators. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wemmer, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM038361, GM38361, GM62163, P50 GM062412, P50 GM62412, R01 GM038361, R01 GM062163] NR 42 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 17 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 15 BP 8525 EP 8530 DI 10.1073/pnas.131213698 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 454HK UT WOS:000169967000059 PM 11438683 ER PT J AU Cao, DM Feng, B Meng, WJ Rehn, LE Baldo, PM Khonsari, MM AF Cao, DM Feng, B Meng, WJ Rehn, LE Baldo, PM Khonsari, MM TI Friction and wear characteristics of ceramic nanocomposite coatings: Titanium carbide/amorphous hydrocarbon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROLLING-CONTACT-FATIGUE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Friction and wear characteristics of titanium-containing amorphous hydrocarbon (Ti-C:H) coatings were measured during unlubricated sliding against WC-Co. These Ti-C:H coatings consist of nanocrystalline TiC clusters embedded in an amorphous hydrocarbon (a-C:H) matrix, i.e., they are TiC/a-C:H nanocomposites. The elastic modulus and hardness of the coatings exhibit smooth variations with increasing Ti composition. In contrast, a relatively abrupt transition occurs in the friction coefficient and wear rate of the coatings over a relatively narrow (20-30 at. %) Ti composition range. Our results reveal bimodal friction and wear behaviors for the TiC/a-C:H nanocomposites, a-C:H like at Ti compositions below 20%, and TiC like at Ti compositions above 30%. The two different wear mechanisms that operate as the volume fraction of nanocrystalline TiC clusters changes are discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cao, DM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Cao, Dongmei/A-2481-2010 NR 14 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 329 EP 331 DI 10.1063/1.1384477 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 451AA UT WOS:000169776000017 ER PT J AU Stach, EA Hull, R AF Stach, EA Hull, R TI Enhancement of dislocation velocities by stress-assisted kink nucleation at the native oxide/SiGe interface SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-OXIDATION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTORS; SURFACE; SI AB Experiments have shown that a native oxide layer on the surface of a strained SiGe epilayer causes an order of magnitude increase in dislocation velocities during annealing over those observed in atomically clean samples and during crystal growth [E. A. Stach, R. Hull, R. M. Tromp, M. C. Reuter, M. Copel, F. K. LeGoues, and J. C. Bean, J. Appl. Phys. 83, 1931 (1998)]. This behavior is explained herein by stress-assisted dislocation kink nucleation at the oxide/epilayer interface. Finite element models are used to estimate the stress local to steps at this interface due to both intrinsic and thermal expansion stresses, and dislocation theory is used to determine the resulting increase in single kink nucleation. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Stach, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 335 EP 337 DI 10.1063/1.1384904 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 451AA UT WOS:000169776000019 ER PT J AU Cox, DE Noheda, B Shirane, G Uesu, Y Fujishiro, K Yamada, Y AF Cox, DE Noheda, B Shirane, G Uesu, Y Fujishiro, K Yamada, Y TI Universal phase diagram for high-piezoelectric perovskite systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROELECTRIC SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PB(ZN1/3NB2/3)O-3/9-PERCENT-PBTIO3 AB Strong piezoelectricity in perovskite-type PbZn1-xTixO3 (PZT) and Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PZN-PT) systems is generally associated with the existence of a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) separating regions with rhombohedral and tetragonal symmetry. An x-ray study of PZN-9% PT has revealed the presence of an orthorhombic phase at the MPB, and a near-vertical boundary between the rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases, similar to that found for PZT between the rhombohedral and monoclinic phases. We discuss the results in the light of a recent theoretical paper by Vanderbilt and Cohen [Phys. Rev. B 63, 94108 (2001)], which attributes these low-symmetry phases to the high anharmonicity in these oxide systems. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 169, Japan. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM noheda@bnl.gov NR 17 TC 219 Z9 223 U1 9 U2 78 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 400 EP 402 DI 10.1063/1.1384475 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 451AA UT WOS:000169776000041 ER PT J AU Yoo, JH Jeong, SH Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE AF Yoo, JH Jeong, SH Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE TI Response to "Comment on 'Evidence for phase explosion and generation of large particles during high power nanosecond laser ablation of silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FILMS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 444 EP 445 DI 10.1063/1.1386623 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 451AA UT WOS:000169776000056 ER PT J AU El-Samanody, E Demadis, KD Meyer, TJ White, PS AF El-Samanody, E Demadis, KD Meyer, TJ White, PS TI Reversible osmium(VI) nitrido to osmium(II) ammine interconversion in complexes containing polypyrazolyl ligands SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL NITRIDO; HYDRAZIDO COMPLEXES; REDOX PROPERTIES; ATOM-TRANSFER; RUTHENIUM; CHEMISTRY; REACTIVITY; OXIDATION; REDUCTION; NITROSYL AB This paper describes the 4e(-)/3H(+) interconversion between NH3 and N3-, which is reversible in the coordination spheres of Os complexes containing either tpm (tpm = tris(1-pyrazolyl)methane) or Tp (Tp = hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)-borate anion) ligands. Electrochemical or chemical reduction of the nitrido complexes [Os-VI(tpm)(Cl)(2)(N)(+) (1) and Os-VI(Tp)(Cl)(2)(N) (2) in acidic asueous solution gives the corresponding Os-II-ammine complexes, which, after air oxidation and workup, are isolated and structurally characterized as [Os-III(tpm)(Cl)(2)(NH3)](PF6) (3) and Os-III(Tp)(Cl)(2)(NH3) (4). The Os-III-ammine complexes are reoxidized electrochemically to the nitrido complexes by stepwise mechanisms involving the loss of both electrons and protons and sequential Os(III --> IV) and Os(IV --> VI) oxidations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Venable & Kenan Labs, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS A127, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Demadis, Kostas/A-7347-2010 NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 15 BP 3677 EP 3686 DI 10.1021/ic000764f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 452MH UT WOS:000169861800004 PM 11442364 ER PT J AU Zechmann, CA Boyle, TJ Rodriguez, MA Kemp, RA AF Zechmann, CA Boyle, TJ Rodriguez, MA Kemp, RA TI Synthesis, characterization, and structural study of sterically hindered magnesium alkoxide and siloxide compounds SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE crystal structures; magnesium complexes; alkoxide complexes; siloxide complexes ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ARYLOXIDES; STRONTIUM; LIGANDS AB A series of sterically hindered Mg(OR)(2), [OR = OC(CH3)(C6H5)(2) (DPE), and OSi(C6H5)(3) (TPS)] were synthesized from the reaction of Mg(Bu), with 2 HOR in a variety of solvents. The resultant products were crystallographically characterized as Mg-3(mu (3)-DPE)(mu -DPE)(3)(DPE)(2) (1), Mg[(mu -TPS)(2)Mg(TPS)](2) (2), [Mg(mu -DPE)(DPE)(solv)](2) (solv = THF,3; py, 4), and [Mg(TPS)(2)(solv)](2) (solv = THF, 5; py, 6). For 1, the three metal centers are in a triangular arrangement and are bound by a single mu (3)-DPE, three mu -DPE, and two terminal DPE ligands. Two of the three Mg cations are tetrahedrally (Td) coordinated while the remaining metal center adopts a trigonal pyramidal geometry. In contrast, 2 displays a more linear arrangement of the Mg centers supported by four mu -TPS and two terminal TPS ligands. Two of the Mg cations adopt trigonal planar arrangements while the remaining central Mg exhibits a distorted Td geometry. For the dinuclear complexes (3-6), each metal possesses a Td geometry satisfied by two mu -OR, one terminal OR, and one coordinated solvent. H-1 NMR characterization indicates that 1 is likely fluxional in solution while 2-5 remain intact in solution and 6 is disrupted by pyridine to yielding a monomer. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Union Carbide Corp, Westhollow Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77082 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 319 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(01)00447-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 454CN UT WOS:000169955000018 ER PT J AU Liljegren, JC Clothiaux, EE Mace, GG Kato, S Dong, XQ AF Liljegren, JC Clothiaux, EE Mace, GG Kato, S Dong, XQ TI A new retrieval for cloud liquid water path using a ground-based microwave radiometer and measurements of cloud temperature SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; RADIATION; PROFILES; VAPOR AB A new method to retrieve cloud liquid water path using 23.8 and 31.4 GHz microwave radiometer brightness temperature measurements is developed. This method does not depend on climatological estimates of either the mean radiating temperature of the atmosphere T-mr or the mean cloud liquid water temperature T-cloud Rather, T-mr is estimated from surface temperature and relative humidity measurements, while Tcloud is estimated using millimeter-wave cloud radar data, together with atmospheric temperature profiles obtained from either radiosonde or rapid update cycle (RUC) model output. Simulations demonstrate that the new retrieval method significantly reduces the biases in the liquid water path estimates that are apparent in a site-specific retrieval based on monthly stratified, local climatology. An analysis of the liquid water path estimates produced by the two retrievals over four case study days illustrates trends and retrieval performances consistent with the model simulations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Liljegren, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 203-ER 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Dong, Xiquan/0000-0002-3359-6117 NR 17 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D13 BP 14485 EP 14500 DI 10.1029/2000JD900817 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 453EQ UT WOS:000169903900022 ER PT J AU Fitch, MJ Melissinos, AC Colestock, PL Carneiro, JP Edwards, HT Hartung, WH AF Fitch, MJ Melissinos, AC Colestock, PL Carneiro, JP Edwards, HT Hartung, WH TI EIectro-optic measurement of the wake fields of a relativistic electron beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSES; GENERATION; SYSTEM AB When a relativistic electron bunch traverses a structure, strong electromagnetic fields are induced in its wake. For a 12 nC bunch of duration 4.2 ps FWHM, the peak field is measured >0.5 MV/m. Time resolution of similar to5 ps is achieved using electro-optic sampling with a lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) crystal and a short-pulse infrared laser synchronized to the beam. We present measurements for both the longitudinal and radial components of the field and relate them to the wall impedance. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fitch, MJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RI Fitch, Michael/E-5757-2011 OI Fitch, Michael/0000-0002-2494-9486 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 3 AR 034801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.034801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454UF UT WOS:000169989600019 PM 11461560 ER PT J AU Hegna, CC Hudson, SR AF Hegna, CC Hudson, SR TI Loss of second-ballooning stability in three-dimensional equilibria SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASPECT-RATIO; HELIOTRON/TORSATRON SYSTEM; MHD STABILITY; MODES; STELLARATOR; SHEAR AB The effect of three-dimensional geometry on the stability boundaries of ideal ballooning modes is investigated. In particular, the relationship between the symmetry properties of the local shear and the magnetic curvature is addressed for quasisymmetric configurations. The presence of symmetry breaking terms in the local shear can produce localized ballooning instabilities in regions of small average magnetic shear which lower first-ballooning stability thresholds and can potentially eliminate the second stability regime. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Hegna, CC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Hudson, Stuart/H-7186-2013 OI Hudson, Stuart/0000-0003-1530-2733 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 3 AR 035001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.035001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454UF UT WOS:000169989600021 PM 11461562 ER PT J AU Nishikawa, T Toroczkai, Z Grebogi, C AF Nishikawa, T Toroczkai, Z Grebogi, C TI Advective coalescence in chaotic flows SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRANGE ATTRACTORS; PARTICLES; MOTION; EQUATION; FIELDS; SPHERE AB We investigate the reaction kinetics of small spherical particles with inertia, obeying coalescence type of reaction, B + B --> B, and being advected by hydrodynamical flows with time-periodic forcing. In contrast to passive tracers, the particle dynamics is governed by the strongly nonlinear Maxey-Riley equations, which typically create chaos in the spatial component of the particle dynamics, appearing as filamental structures in the distribution of the reactants. Defining a stochastic description supported on the natural measure of the attractor, we show that, in the Limit of slow reaction, the reaction kinetics assumes a universal behavior exhibiting a t(-1) decay in the amount of reagents, which become distributed on a subset of dimension D(2), where D(2) is the correlation dimension of the chaotic flow. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nishikawa, T (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Toroczkai, Zoltan/A-3421-2008; Nishikawa, Takashi/B-3752-2010 OI Toroczkai, Zoltan/0000-0002-6602-2849; Nishikawa, Takashi/0000-0002-2147-0242 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 3 AR 038301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.038301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454UF UT WOS:000169989600054 PM 11461595 ER PT J AU Ronnow, HM McMorrow, DF Coldea, R Harrison, A Youngson, ID Perring, TG Aeppli, G Syljuasen, O Lefmann, K Rischel, C AF Ronnow, HM McMorrow, DF Coldea, R Harrison, A Youngson, ID Perring, TG Aeppli, G Syljuasen, O Lefmann, K Rischel, C TI Spin dynamics of the 2D spin 1/2 quantum antiferromagnet copper deuteroformate tetradeuterate (CFTD) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SQUARE-LATTICE ANTIFERROMAGNET; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; CORRELATION LENGTH; TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR; WAVE THEORY; CROSSOVERS; LA2CUO4; ORDER AB The magnetic excitation spectrum in the two-dimensional (2D) S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet copper deuteroformate tetradeuterate has been measured for temperatures up to T similar to J/2, where J = 6.31 +/- 0.02 meV is the 2D exchange coupling. For T << J, a dispersion of the zone boundary energy is observed, which is attributed to a wave vector dependent quantum renormalization. At higher temperatures, spin-wavelike excitations persist, but are found to broaden and soften. By combining our data with numerical calculations, and with existing theoretical work, a consistent description of the behavior of the model system is found over the whole temperature interval investigated. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Chem Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. CEA, DRFMC, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Chem, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Midlothian, Scotland. NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Ronnow, HM (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Chem Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RI McMorrow, Desmond/C-2655-2008; Ronnow, Henrik/A-4953-2009; Lefmann, Kim/M-9228-2014 OI McMorrow, Desmond/0000-0002-4947-7788; Ronnow, Henrik/0000-0002-8832-8865; Lefmann, Kim/0000-0003-4282-756X NR 32 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 3 AR 037202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.037202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454UF UT WOS:000169989600045 PM 11461586 ER PT J AU Li, LJ Masselon, CD Anderson, GA Pasa-Tolic, L Lee, SW Shen, YF Zhao, R Lipton, MS Conrads, TP Tolic, N Smith, RD AF Li, LJ Masselon, CD Anderson, GA Pasa-Tolic, L Lee, SW Shen, YF Zhao, R Lipton, MS Conrads, TP Tolic, N Smith, RD TI High-throughput peptide identification from protein digests using data-dependent multiplexed tandem FTICR mass spectrometry coupled with capillary liquid chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; OFF-RESONANCE IRRADIATION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; CHARGED IONS; SEQUENCE DATABASES; PROBING PROTEOMES; LARGE MOLECULES; Q-TOF; MIXTURES; SPECTRA C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Masselon, Christophe/A-2340-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Lee, Sang-Won/H-6760-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Lee, Sang-Won/0000-0002-5042-0084 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA86340] NR 69 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 14 BP 3312 EP 3322 DI 10.1021/ac010192w PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 452VL UT WOS:000169880300016 PM 11476231 ER PT J AU Wu, Q Hamilton, T Nelson, WH Elliott, S Sperry, JF Wu, M AF Wu, Q Hamilton, T Nelson, WH Elliott, S Sperry, JF Wu, M TI UV Raman spectral intensities of E. coli and other bacteria excited at 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET RESONANCE RAMAN; PULSED LASER EXCITATION; FILAMENTOUS VIRUS FD; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; HEMOGLOBIN; TYROSINE; PROFILES; TRYPTOPHAN; RESIDUES AB Resonance Raman spectral intensities-per average bacterial cell have been measured quantitatively for Gramnegative Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter aerogenes; as well as Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Spectra have been obtained from cultures in the lag, log, and. stationary growth phases excited in turn by 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nn light. Although Raman spectral peak positions (cm-l) excited by a given wavelength are very similar for all five bacterial species, the organisms are characterized by significantly different spectral intensity values. Intensity changes are associated with growth phase changes in all of the species as well. A comparison of measured with estimated average intensities has been made for spectra of log-phase E. coli. It is possible to compare measured intensities with intensities estimated for log-phase E, coli on the basis of the knowledge of its known average cellular molecular composition. A significant degree of hypochromism is observed in E. coli nucleic acid spectra. In contrast strong average hyperchromism characterizes all aromatic amino acid peaks belonging to the same E. coli cells. Results suggest that knowledge of spectral intensity values will enhance significantly the capability to identify bacteria by means of their UV resonance Raman spectra. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Microbiol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nelson, WH (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 50 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 14 BP 3432 EP 3440 DI 10.1021/ac001268b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 452VL UT WOS:000169880300030 PM 11476245 ER PT J AU Levitsky, I Krivoshlykov, SG Grate, JW AF Levitsky, I Krivoshlykov, SG Grate, JW TI Rational design of a Nile Red/polymer composite film for fluorescence sensing of organophosphonate vapors using hydrogen bond acidic polymers SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL SENSOR ARRAY; ACOUSTIC-WAVE; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CHEMICAL SENSORS; PHOSPHORUS ESTERS; SORBENT COATINGS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; RESPONSES; RED; SORPTION AB The solvatochromic dye Nile Red dispersed in selected hydrogen bond acidic polymer matrixes demonstrated strong fluorescence enhancement at the presence of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) vapors. Two hydrogen bond acidic polymers were examined as dye matrixes, one with fluorinated alcohol groups on a polystyrene backbone (PSFA) and the other with fluorinated bisphenol groups alternating with oligo(dimethylsiloxane) segments (BSP3).: The combination;of hydrogen bond acidic polymer (a strong sorbent for DMMP) with the solvatochromic. dye led to initial depression of the dye fluorescence and a significant red shift in the absorbance and fluorescence spectra. DMMP sorption changed the dye environment and dramatically altered the fluorescence spectrum and intensity, resulting in a strong fluorescence enhancement. It is proposed that this fluorescence enhancement is due to the competition set up between the dye and the sorbed vapor for polymeric hydrogen-bonding sites. The highest responses were obtained with BSP3. DMMP detection has been demonstrated at sub-ppm DMMP concentrations, indicating very low detection limits compared to previous Nile Red/polymer matrix fluorescence vapor sensors. Nile Red/poly(methyl methacrylate) firms prepared for comparisons exhibited substantially lower response to DMMP. Rational selection of Polymers providing high sorption for DMMP and competition for hydrogen-bonding interactions with Nile Red yielded flourescent films with high sensitivity. C1 LLC, ALTAIR Ctr, Shrewsbury, MA 01545 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Levitsky, I (reprint author), LLC, ALTAIR Ctr, 1 Chartwell Circle, Shrewsbury, MA 01545 USA. NR 48 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 14 BP 3441 EP 3448 DI 10.1021/ac0014966 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 452VL UT WOS:000169880300031 PM 11476246 ER PT J AU Hierlemann, A Zellers, ET Ricco, AJ AF Hierlemann, A Zellers, ET Ricco, AJ TI Use of linear salvation energy relationships for modeling responses from polymer-coated acoustic-wave vapor sensors SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THICKNESS-SHEAR MODE; THERMODYNAMICALLY-BASED SCALE; VISCOELASTIC FILM PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL SENSORS; ORGANIC VAPORS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; SOLVATION EQUATION; SORBENT COATINGS; ARRAYS; SORPTION AB The applicability and performance of linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) as models of responses from polymer-coated acoustic-wave vapor sensors are critically examined. Criteria for the use of these thermodynamic models with thickness-shear-mode resonator (TSMR) and surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) vapor sensors are clarified. Published partition coefficient values derived from gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) are found to be consistently lower than those obtained gravimetrically, in accordance with previous reports, suggesting that LSERs based on GLC-derived partition coefficients will not provide accurate estimates of acoustic-wave sensor responses. The development of LSER models directly from polymer-coated TSMR vapor sensor response data is demonstrated and a revised model developed from SAW vapor sensor response data, which takes account of viscoelastic changes in polymeric coating films, is presented and compared to those developed by other methods. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor Res & Dev Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor Res & Dev Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hierlema@iqe.phys.ethz.ch; ezellers@umich.edu RI Hierlemann, Andreas/A-7046-2008; Ricco, Antonio/A-5273-2010 OI Hierlemann, Andreas/0000-0002-3838-2468; FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01-OH03692] NR 60 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 14 BP 3458 EP 3466 DI 10.1021/ac010083h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 452VL UT WOS:000169880300033 PM 11476248 ER PT J AU Bergfeld, D Goff, F Allard, P AF Bergfeld, D Goff, F Allard, P TI Preface - High CO2 flux measurements in volcanic and geothermal areas, methodologies and results SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bergfeld, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 177 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00393-4 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 442WG UT WOS:000169307500001 ER PT J AU Evans, WC Sorey, ML Kennedy, BM Stonestrom, DA Rogie, JD Shuster, DL AF Evans, WC Sorey, ML Kennedy, BM Stonestrom, DA Rogie, JD Shuster, DL TI High CO2 emissions through porous media: transport mechanisms and implications for flux measurement and fractionation SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union DE CO2; soil gases; diffusion; advection; isotope fractionation ID ATMOSPHERE GAS-EXCHANGE; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAGMATIC CO2; NOBLE-GASES; TREE-KILL; SOIL; CALIFORNIA; DIFFUSION; ADEQUACY AB Diffuse emissions of CO2 are known to be large around some volcanoes and hydrothermal areas. Accumulation-chamber measurements of CO2 flux art: increasingly used to estimate the total magmatic or metamorphic CO2 released from such areas. To assess the performance of accumulation chamber systems at fluxes one to three orders of magnitude higher than normally encountered in soil respiration studies, a rest system was constructed in the laboratory where known fluxes could be maintained through dry sand. Steady-state gas concentration profiles and fractionation effects observed in the 30-cm sand column nearly match those predicted by the Stefan-Maxwell equations, indicating that the test system was functioning successfully as a uniform porous medium. Eight groups of investigators tested their accumulation chamber equipment, all configured with continuous infrared gas analyzers (IRGA), in this system. Over a flux range of similar to 200-12,000 g m(-2) day(-1). 90% of their 203 flux measurements were 0-25% lower than the imposed flux with a mean difference of - 12.5%. Although this difference would seem to be within the range of acceptability for many geologic investigations, some potential sources for larger errors were discovered. A steady-state pressure gradient of - 20 Pa/m was measured in the sand column at a flux of 11.200 g m (-2) day (-1). The derived permeability (50 darcies) was used in the dusty-gas model (DGM) of transport to quantify various diffusive and viscous flux components. These calculations were used to demonstrate that accumulation chambers, in addition to reducing the underlying diffusive gradient, severely disrupt the steady-state pressure gradient. The resultant diversion of the net gas flow is probably responsible for the systematically low flux measurements. It was also shown that the fractionating effects of a viscous CO2 efflux against a diffusive influx of air will have a major impact on some important geochemical indicators, such as N-2/Ar, delta N-15-N-2, and He-4/Ne-22. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Evans, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RI Shuster, David/A-4838-2011; Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011; Evans, William/J-4283-2012 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385; NR 39 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 177 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00379-X PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 442WG UT WOS:000169307500003 ER PT J AU Bergfeld, D Goff, F Janik, CJ AF Bergfeld, D Goff, F Janik, CJ TI Elevated carbon dioxide flux at the Dixie Valley geothermal field, Nevada; relations between surface phenomena and the geothermal reservoir SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union DE carbon dioxide; flux; soil gas; gas geochemistry; stable isotopes; geothermal system; Dixie Valley, NV ID MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; CO2 EMISSIONS; MAGMATIC CO2; TREE-KILL; SOIL; OXYGEN; WATER; CYCLE; GASES AB In the later part of the 1990s, a large die-off of desert shrubs occurred over an approximately 1 km(2) area in the northwestern section of the Dixie Valley (DV) geothermal field. This paper reports results from accumulation-chamber measurements of soil CO2 flux from locations in the dead zone and stable isotope and chemical data on fluids from fumaroles, shallow wells, and geothermal production wells within and adjacent to the dead zone. A cumulative probability plot shows three types of flux sites within the dead zone: locations with a normal background CO2 flux (7 g m(-2) day(-1)); moderate flux sites displaying "excess" geothermal flux: and high flux sites near young vents and fumaroles. A maximum CO2 flux of 570 g m(-2) day(-1) was measured at a location adjacent to a fumarole. Using statistical methods appropriate for lognormally distributed populations of data. estimates of the geothermal flux range from 7.5 t day(-1) from a 0.14-km(2) site near the Stillwater Fault to 0.1 t day(-1) from a 0.01-km(2) location of steaming ground on the valley floor. Anomalous CO2 flux is positively correlated with shallow temperature anomalies. The anomalous flux associated with the entire dead zone area declined about 35% over a 6-month period. The decline was most notable at a hot zone located on an alluvial fan and in the SG located on the valley floor. Gas geochemistry indicates that older established fumaroles along the Stillwater Fault and a 2-year-old vent in the lower section of the dead zone discharge a mixture of geothermal gases and air or gases from air-saturated meteoric water (ASMW). Stable isotope data indicate that steam from the smaller fumaroles is produced by approximate to 100 degreesC boiling of these mixed fluids and reservoir fluid, Steam from the Senator fumarole (SF) and from shallow wells penetrating the dead zone are probably derived by 140 degreesC to 160 degreesC boiling of reservoir fluid. Carbon-13 isotope data suggest that the reservoir CO2 is produced mainly by thermal decarbonation of hydrothermal calcite in veins that cut reservoir rocks. Formation of the dead zone is linked to the reservoir pressure decline caused by continuous reservoir drawdown from 1986 to present. These reservoir changes have restricted flow and induced boiling in a subsurface hydrothermal outflow plume extending from the Stillwater Fault southeast toward the DV floor. We estimate that maximum CO2 flux in the upflow zone along the Stillwater Fault in 1998 was roughly seven to eight times greater than the pre-production flux in 1986. The eventual decline in CO2 flux reflects the drying out of the outflow plume. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Bergfeld, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-1,MS D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 53 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 177 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00381-8 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 442WG UT WOS:000169307500005 ER PT J AU Mori, T Hernandez, PA Salazar, JML Perez, NM Notsu, K AF Mori, T Hernandez, PA Salazar, JML Perez, NM Notsu, K TI An in situ method for measuring CO2 flux from volcanic-hydrothermal fumaroles SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union DE hydrothermal fumaroles; CO2 flux; tracers; Izu-Oshima; Kirishima; Canary Islands ID IZU-OSHIMA VOLCANO; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DIFFUSE EMISSION; VULCANO-ISLAND; CANARY-ISLANDS; TEIDE VOLCANO; MAGMATIC CO2; TREE-KILL; JAPAN AB The theory of an in situ method to measure CO2 flux from hydrothermal fumarolic vents using a tracer gas technique is established and applied to vents and wells at three sites: Izu-Oshima (Japan), Kirishima (Japan) and Teide (Canary Islands, Spain) volcanoes. The method is done by releasing the tracer gas into the vent at known flux and by measuring CO2 to the tracer gas ratio in situ. In Izu-Oshima, we carried out flux measurements at a low-temperature steam well (90 degreesC) with three different tracer gas species (H-2, CH4 and SF6) and three methods (GC, portable analyzers, FTIR) to evaluate this method. The calculated CO2 flux showed an average of 2.3 t/day. In the case of Kirishima volcanic area, the flux measurement was tested at two low-temperature fumaroles on Iwoyama cone(< 100 degreesC). The CO2 fluxes were 9 x 10(-2) and 2 x 10(0) kg/day, respectively. The total CO2 flux from the cone including both fumarolic and ground CO2 discharges was estimated to be less than several tons per day. In Teide volcano, CO2 flux measurements were performed in the fumarolic system of the summit crater (85 degreesC). CO2 flux from one fumarole reached levels up to 30.2 kg/day. We estimated that the CO2 discharge from all fumaroles is roughly 30 t/day or less at maximum. These results imply that the total output of CO2 flux from Teide's fumarolic activity is much lower than the observed levels of CO2 diffuse degassing from the summit crater. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Earthquake Chem Lab, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Inst Technol & Renewable Energy, ITER, Div Environm Res, Granadilla 38594, Santa Cruz Tene, Spain. RP Mori, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-2,MS C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Perez Rodriguez, Nemesio /H-9295-2015 OI Perez Rodriguez, Nemesio /0000-0003-1410-7717 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 177 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00384-3 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 442WG UT WOS:000169307500007 ER PT J AU Goff, F Love, SP Warren, RG Counce, D Obenholzner, J Siebe, C Schmidt, SC AF Goff, F Love, SP Warren, RG Counce, D Obenholzner, J Siebe, C Schmidt, SC TI Passive infrared remote sensing evidence for large, intermittent CO2 emissions at Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union DE CO2; FTIR; COSPEC; Popocatepetl volcano; assimilation; magma mixing ID SPECTRAL RADIOMETER; GAS; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIFORNIA; DACITE; PLUMES; ROCKS; SO2; GEOBAROMETER; HORNBLENDE AB Passive infrared (FTIR) and correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) measurements were conducted at Popocatepetl volcano during February 10 to 26. 1998 from sites 4 to 17 km distant from the summit. Volcano behavior was relatively quiet and SO2 flux averaged 1670 +/- 1420 t/day (51 measurements). relatively small for Popocatepetl. Concurrent HCl/SO2 and HF/SO2 ratios were 0.17 +/- 0.1 and 0.031 +/- 0.003, respectively, about the same as ratios measured from 1994 to 1997. The amount of CO2 in the volcanic plume was quantified using FASCODE in which atmospheric CO2 is numerically subtracted from the total infrared spectrum to obtain the residual magmatic CO2. Surprisingly, CO2/SO2 mass ratios rose dramatically to values as high as 140, about 30 times higher than typical values of 2 to 8 measured from 1994 to 1996. These excursions in high CO2/SO2 ratios were short-lived, lasting no longer than about 0.5 to 3.0 h but CO2 flux occasionally exceeded 100,000 t/day. We estimate that the average CO2/SO2 ratio for the period was about 23, yielding an average CO2 flux of roughly 38,000 t/day. Chemical and petrographic analyses of lava and pumice erupted during explosions on June 30, 1997 and January 1, 1998 show conclusively that Popocatepetl produces mixed products formed by injection of mafic magma into a more silicic chamber at temperatures and pressures of roughly 1040 degreesC and 5 kbar. In addition. Popocatepetl eruptive products include xenoliths of metamorphosed carbonate rocks containing wollastonite and other calc-silicate minerals indicating reaction of magma with Cretaceous limestone underlying the volcano. Using a normal CO2/SO2 ratio of 4 for reference. we calculate an average excess CO2 production of 32,000 t/day for 17 days. This would require assimilation of only 5 x 10(-4) km(3) of limestone, an amount easily accessible in the 3-km-thick Cretaceous section beneath the volcano. We also examine two scenarios in which excess CO2 is produced by degassing of subjacent basalt magma, but these explanations seem less plausible to us. Because many other Volcanoes are underlain by carbonate sequences, short-duration bursts of CO2 flux, and increased CO2/SO2 ratio, might be observed at other sites, if simultaneous, real-time measurements of major gas species are made. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geol Geochem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Vienna, Austria. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Goff, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geol Geochem Grp, EES-1,MS D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Siebe, Claus/0000-0002-3959-9028 NR 67 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 177 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00387-9 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 442WG UT WOS:000169307500010 ER PT J AU Qiang, J Ryne, RD AF Qiang, J Ryne, RD TI Parallel 3D Poisson solver for a charged beam in a conducting pipe SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE parallel Poisson solver; open boundary condition; eigenfunction expansion; domain decomposition ID COLLOCATION METHOD; ACCURATE SOLUTION; EQUATION; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we present a parallel three-dimensional Poisson solver for the electrostatic potential of a charged beam in a round or rectangular conducting pipe with open-end boundary conditions. This solver uses an eigenfunction expansion in the transverse direction and a finite difference method in the longitudinal direction. The computational domain in the longitudinal direction contains only the beam since only the potential inside the beam will be calculated. The potential on both ends of the beam is matched into the source-free region for each eigenmode. This method avoids the use of a large computational domain outside the beam to implement the open boundary condition. This saves unnecessary computational time and memory storage that would be required if a large computational domain was used to simulate the open boundary. Parallel implementation using a two-dimensional domain decomposition approach and a message passing paradigm shows good scalability on both distributed memory machines and distributed shared-memory machines. This solver has important applications in accelerator physics studies that involve modeling high-intensity beam dynamics. As a specific example, we present results from large-scale simulations of beam halo formation in a linear accelerator. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Qiang, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 1, Ms H817, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(01)00185-0 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 456QM UT WOS:000170093800004 ER PT J AU Colavecchia, FD Gasaneo, G Miraglia, JE AF Colavecchia, FD Gasaneo, G Miraglia, JE TI Numerical evaluation of Appell's F-1 hypergeometric function SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE numerical methods; special functions; hypergeometric functions; Appell functions; Gauss function ID INTEGRALS AB In this work we present a numerical scheme to compute the two-variable hypergeometric function F-1 (alpha, beta, beta, gamma; x, y) of Appell for complex parameters alpha, beta, beta ' and gamma, and real values of the variables x and y. We implement a set of analytic continuations that allow us to obtain the F-1 function outside the region of convergence of the series definition. These continuations can be written in terms of the Horn's G(2) function, Appell's F-2 function related, and the F-1 hypergeometric itself. The computation of the function inside the region of convergence is achieved by two complementary methods. The first one involves a single-index series expansion of the F-1 function, while the second one makes use of a numerical integration of a third order ordinary differential equation that represents the system of partial differential equations of the F-1 function. We briefly sketch the program and show some examples of the numerical computation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Fis, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentina. Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Colavecchia, FD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-12,MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(01)00186-2 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 456QM UT WOS:000170093800005 ER PT J AU John, SG Ruggiero, CE Hersman, LE Tung, CS Neu, MP AF John, SG Ruggiero, CE Hersman, LE Tung, CS Neu, MP TI Siderophore mediated plutonium accumulation by Microbacterium flavescens (JG-9) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IRON TRANSPORT; FERRIOXAMINE; MECHANISM AB Uptake of plutonium and uranium mediated by the siderophore desferrioxamine-B (DFOB) has been studied for the common soil aerobe Microbacterium flavescens (JG-9). M. flavescens does not bind or take up nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) complexes of U(VI), Fe(III), or Pu(IV) or U(VI)-DFOB but does take up Fe(III)-DFOB and Pu(IV)-DFOB. Pu(IV)-DFOB and Fe(III)-DFOB accumulations are similar: only living and metabolically active bacteria take up these metal-siderophore complexes. The Fe(III)-DFOB and Pu(IV)-DFOB complexes mutually inhibit uptake of the other, indicating that they compete for shared binding sites or uptake proteins. However, Pu uptake is much slower than Fe uptake, and cumulative Pu uptake is less than Fe, 1.0 nmol of Fe vs 0.25 nmol of Pu per mg of dry weight bacteria. The Pu(IV)-DFOB interactions with M flavescens suggest that Pu-siderophore complexes could generally be recognized by Fe-siderophore uptake systems of many bacteria, fungi, or plants, thereby affecting Pu environmental mobility and distribution. The results also suggest that the siderophore complexes of tetravalent metals can be recognized by Fe-siderophore uptake proteins. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CSIC, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, B N1, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T 10, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Neu, MP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CSIC, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 39 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 14 BP 2942 EP 2948 DI 10.1021/es010590g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 453ER UT WOS:000169904000012 PM 11478246 ER PT J AU Gary, SP Skoug, RM Steinberg, JT Smith, CW AF Gary, SP Skoug, RM Steinberg, JT Smith, CW TI Proton temperature anisotropy constraint in the solar wind: ACE observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED-COMPOSITION-EXPLORER; CORONAL MASS EJECTION; ALPHA-MONITOR SWEPAM; CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; INVERSE CORRELATION; MAGNETOSHEATH; PLASMA; BETA; IONS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The electromagnetic proton cyclotron anisotropy instability may arise in collisionless plasmas in which the proton velocity distribution is approximately bi-Maxwellian with T-perpendicular top/T-parallel top > 1, where perpendicular to and parallel to denote directions relative to the background magnetic field B-omicron. Theory and simulations predict that enhanced field fluctuations from this instability impose a constraint on proton temperature anisotropies of the form T-perpendicular top/T-parallel top - 1 = S-p/beta (alphap)(parallel to)(p) where beta (parallel top) equivalent to 8 pi npk(B)T(parallel top/)B(omicron)(2), and the fitting parameters S-p less than or similar to 1 and alpha (p) similar or equal to 0.4. Plasma and magnetic field observations from the ACE spacecraft reported here show for the first time that this constraint is statistically satisfied in the high speed solar wind near 1 AU, and magnetic power spectra provide evidence that this instability is the source of the constraint. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Gary, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 14 BP 2759 EP 2762 DI 10.1029/2001GL013165 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 452GK UT WOS:000169849500023 ER PT J AU Aellig, MR Lazarus, AJ Steinberg, JT AF Aellig, MR Lazarus, AJ Steinberg, JT TI The solar wind helium abundance: Variation with wind speed and the solar cycle SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM VARIATIONS; ACCELERATION; SPACECRAFT; INSTRUMENT AB We investigate the helium abundance in the solar wind and variations thereof on a time scale of years. Data from the WIND/SWE experiment gathered between the end of 1994 and early 2000 are analyzed. In agreement with similar work for previous solar cycles, we find a clear dependency of the He/H ratio in the solar wind on the solar cycle. In the slow solar wind, the average He/H rises from a minimum of less than two percent around solar minimum to about 4.5% in early 2000. The solar cycle dependency is stronger the lower the speed that is used to sort the data. We observe the strongest dependency of the He/H ratio on the solar wind speed around solar minimum and it weakens as the solar activity increases. We speculate that the expansion factor of the magnetic field close to the Sun changes over the solar cycle and thereby changes the efficiency of the Coulomb drag. Inefficient Coulomb drag leads to a low helium abundance in the solar wind. C1 MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aellig, MR (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ajl@space.mit.edu NR 13 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 14 BP 2767 EP 2770 DI 10.1029/2000GL012771 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 452GK UT WOS:000169849500025 ER PT J AU Boyukata, M Guvenc, ZB Jackson, B Jellinek, J AF Boyukata, M Guvenc, ZB Jackson, B Jellinek, J TI Dynamics of the D(2)+Ni(100) collision system: Analysis of the reactive and inelastic channels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Computational Chemistry CY SEP 04-08, 2000 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Federat European Chem Soc, Working Party Computat Chem, Hungarian Chem Soc DE diatomic molecule; crystal surface; chemisorption; molecular surface collision; nickel; molecular dynamics ID 6-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM DYNAMICS; DISSOCIATIVE CHEMISORPTION; NI(111) SURFACES; METAL-SURFACES; NI CLUSTERS; H-2; ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; NI(100); D2 AB The reactive and scattering channels of the D(2)(v, j) + Ni(100) collision system are studied using quasiclassical molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction between the D(2) and the atoms of the surface is modeled by a LEPS (London-Eyring-Polani-Sato) potential energy function. The molecule is aimed at three different impact sites (atop, bridge, and center) of a rigid Ni(100) surface along the normal direction with various collision energies less than or equal to1.0 eV. Dissociative chemisorption probabilities are computed for different rotational states of the molecule. Probability distributions of the final rovibrational states of the ground-state Dp molecule scattered from those impact sites are also computed as a function of the collision energy. Higher collision energy results in excitation of higher rotational and/or vibrational states of the scattered molecule. At collision energies below 0.1 eV an indirect dissociation mechanism (through molecular adsorption) dominates the reaction. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Cankaya Univ, Dept Comp Engn, TR-06530 Ankara, Turkey. Gazi Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey. Celal Bayar Univ, Dept Phys, TR-45000 Manisa, Turkey. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Guvenc, ZB (reprint author), Cankaya Univ, Dept Comp Engn, TR-06530 Ankara, Turkey. EM guvenc@cankaya.edu.tr NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1002/qua.1306 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 447CP UT WOS:000169551300007 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Grantham, S Neogi, S Frigo, SP McNulty, I Retsch, CC Wang, YX Lucatorto, TB AF Levine, ZH Grantham, S Neogi, S Frigo, SP McNulty, I Retsch, CC Wang, YX Lucatorto, TB TI Accurate pattern registration for integrated circuit tomography SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCONNECT; PROJECTIONS; RESOLUTION; EDGES AB As part of an effort to develop high resolution microtomography for engineered structures, a two-level copper integrated circuit interconnect was imaged using 1.83 keV x rays at 14 angles employing a full-field Fresnel zone plate microscope. A major requirement for high resolution microtomography is the accurate registration of the reference axes in each of the many views needed for a reconstruction. A reconstruction with 100 nm resolution would require registration accuracy of 30 nm or better. This work demonstrates that even images that have strong interference fringes can be used to obtain accurate fiducials through the use of Radon transforms. We show that we are able to locate the coordinates of the rectilinear circuit patterns to 28 nm. The procedure is validated by agreement between an x-ray parallax measurement of 1.41 +/-0.17 mum and a measurement of 1.58 +/-0.08 mum from a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Intel Corp, Components TD Q&R MAT FA, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 2 BP 556 EP 560 DI 10.1063/1.1381541 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZN UT WOS:000169660000005 ER PT J AU Zhong, ZY Holy, V Li, JH Kulik, J Bai, J Golding, TD Moss, SC AF Zhong, ZY Holy, V Li, JH Kulik, J Bai, J Golding, TD Moss, SC TI X-ray study of antiphase boundaries in the quadruple-period ordered GaAs0.87Sb0.13 alloy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE ORDER; GA0.52IN0.48P ALLOYS; GAINP; MICROSTRUCTURE; EPITAXY; PHASE AB The x-ray diffraction intensity from antiphase boundaries (APBs) in a quadruple-period ordered GaAsSb alloy is derived introducing statistical probabilities for these APBs and their associated phase shifts. Through experimental fits, we obtain an average distance between the neighboring APBs of approximately 130, 400, and 5 nm along [110], [-110], and [001] directions, respectively. The short distance along the [001] growth direction leads to a narrow streak along [001] in an intensity contour map. In addition, we find that the APBs broaden the ordering peaks, while their effect on the intensity ratio between the ordering peaks is negligible. Static atomic displacements, associated with bond length disparities are also included in the calculations. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Solid State Phys, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Zhong, ZY (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015; Holy, Vaclav/E-1508-2017 OI Holy, Vaclav/0000-0002-0370-6928 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 2 BP 644 EP 649 DI 10.1063/1.1379056 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZN UT WOS:000169660000014 ER PT J AU Nellis, WJ Mitchell, AC McMahan, AK AF Nellis, WJ Mitchell, AC McMahan, AK TI Carbon at pressures in the range 0.1-1 TPa (10 Mbar) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; ORIENTED GRAPHITE; SHOCK PRESSURES; LIQUID CARBON; DIAMOND; STATE; EQUATION; COMPRESSION; TEMPERATURE AB Single-shock (Hugoniot) equation-of-state data of shock-compressed C (graphite) are reported at pressures of 480 and 760 GPa (7.6 Mbar). Graphite is shock-compressed completely into a diamond-like phase at pressures below 80 GPa. At pressures of 80-800 GPa comparison of an ensemble of experimental Hugoniot data for shock-compressed graphite and diamond, and theoretical calculations of the Hugoniots of graphite and diamond, and the 0 K isotherm of diamond suggest diamond melts at similar to 300 GPa on the Hugoniot of graphite and that the diamond phase is the ground-state structure of C up to at least 600 GPa. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nellis, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 2 BP 696 EP 698 DI 10.1063/1.1381047 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZN UT WOS:000169660000021 ER PT J AU Passian, A Wig, A Meriaudeau, F Buncick, M Thundat, T Ferrell, TL AF Passian, A Wig, A Meriaudeau, F Buncick, M Thundat, T Ferrell, TL TI Electrostatic force density for a scanned probe above a charged surface SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY AB The Coulomb interaction of a dielectric probe tip with a uniform field existing above a semi-infinite, homogeneous dielectric substrate is studied. The induced polarization surface charge density and the field distribution at the bounding surface of the dielectric medium with the geometry of half of a two sheeted hyperboloid of revolution located above the dielectric half space interfaced with a uniform surface charge density is calculated. The force density on the hyperboloidal probe medium is calculated as a function of the probe tip shape. The calculation is based on solving Laplace's equation and employing a newly derived integral expansion for the vanishing dielectric limit of the potential. The involved numerical simulations comprise the evaluation of infinite double integrals involving conical functions. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Bourgogne, IUT Creusot, F-71200 Le Creusot, France. Univ Memphis, Dept Phys, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Photometr Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Passian, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 2 BP 1011 EP 1016 DI 10.1063/1.1380224 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZN UT WOS:000169660000070 ER PT J AU Bajt, S Stearns, DG Kearney, PA AF Bajt, S Stearns, DG Kearney, PA TI Investigation of the amorphous-to-crystalline transition in Mo/Si multilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; REFLECTIVE COATINGS; PERFORMANCE; MIRRORS; OPTICS; GROWTH; MOLYBDENUM; MICROSCOPE; SILICON AB The microstructure of Mo/Si multilayers grown by magnetron and ion beam sputter deposition has been characterized over a range of Mo layer thicknesses. We observe an abrupt amorphous-to-crystalline transition in the Mo layers at a thickness of similar to2 nm. The transition exhibits several interesting features including a large decrease in the thickness of the Si-on-Mo interlayer and a significant increase in the roughness of the multilayer. We present an explanation for the transition behavior in terms of a critical thickness for the nucleation of Mo crystallites. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OS Associates, Mt View, CA 94040 USA. RP Bajt, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-395, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 32 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 2 BP 1017 EP 1025 DI 10.1063/1.1381559 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZN UT WOS:000169660000071 ER PT J AU Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ Palmer, DA Ridley, MK AF Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ Palmer, DA Ridley, MK TI On the temperature dependence of intrinsic surface protonation equilibrium constants: An extension of the revised MUSIC model SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; RUTILE-WATER INTERFACE; METAL-OXIDE SURFACES; ION ADSORPTION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THEORETICAL PREDICTION; HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTIONS; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS AB The revised multisite complexation (MUSIC) model of T. Hiemstra et al. (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 184, 680 (1996)) is the most thoroughly developed approach to date that explicitly considers the protonation behavior of the various types of hydroxyl groups known to exist on mineral surfaces. We have extended their revised MUSIC model to temperatures other than 25 degreesC to help rationalize the adsorption data we have been collecting for various metal oxides, including rutile and magnetite to 300 degreesC. Temperature-corrected MUSIC model A constants were calculated using a consistent set of solution protonation reactions with equilibrium constants that are reasonably well known as a function of temperature. A critical component of this approach was to incorporate an empirical correction factor that accounts for the observed decrease in cation hydration number with increasing temperature. This extension of the revised MUSIC model matches our experimentally determined pH of zero net proton charge pH values (pH(znpc)) for rutile to within 0.05 pH units between 25 and 250 degreesC and for magnetite within 0.2 pH units between 50 and 290 degreesC. Moreover, combining the MUSIC-model-derived surface protonation constants with the basic Stern description of electrical double-layer structure results in a good fit to our experimental rutile surface protonation data for all conditions investigated (25 to 250 degreesC, and 0.03 to 1.0 m NaCl or tetramethylammonium chloride media). Consequently, this approach should be useful in other instances where it is necessary to describe and/or predict the adsorption behavior of metal oxide surfaces over a wide temperature range. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Machesky, ML (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 60 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 239 IS 2 BP 314 EP 327 DI 10.1006/jcis.2001.7584 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 452AT UT WOS:000169835500004 ER PT J AU Rassolov, VA Ratner, MA Pople, JA Redfern, PC Curtiss, LA AF Rassolov, VA Ratner, MA Pople, JA Redfern, PC Curtiss, LA TI 6-31G*basis set for third-row atoms SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE basis sets; ab initio; third-row elements; Hartree-Fock ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; 3RD-ROW ATOMS; MOLECULES; SPECTRA; KR AB Medium basis sets based upon contractions of Gaussian primitives are developed for the third-row elements Ga through Kr. The basis functions generalize the 6-31G and 6-31G* sets commonly used for atoms up to Ar. A reexamination of the 6-31G* basis set for K and Ca developed earlier leads to the inclusion of 3d orbitals into the valence space for these atoms. Now the 6-31G basis for the whole third-row K through Kr has six primitive Gaussians for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p orbitals, and a split-valence pair of three and one primitives for valence orbitals, which are 4s, 4p, and 3d. The nature of the polarization functions for third-row atoms is reexamined as well. The polarization functions for K, Ca, and Ga through Kr are single set of Cartesian d-type primitives. The polarization functions for transition metals are defined to be a single 7f set of uncontracted primitives. Comparison with experimental data shows good agreement with bond lengths and angles for representative vapor-phase metal complexes. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rassolov, VA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. OI Rassolov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7244-8870 NR 21 TC 905 Z9 910 U1 2 U2 69 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 22 IS 9 BP 976 EP 984 DI 10.1002/jcc.1058.abs PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 428BQ UT WOS:000168441600006 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, WH AF Lipscomb, WH TI Remapping the thickness distribution in sea ice models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; ARCTIC-OCEAN; FRAM STRAIT; PACK ICE; DEFORMATION; VARIABILITY AB In sea ice models with multiple thickness categories the ice thickness distribution evolves in time. The evolution of the thickness distribution as ice grows and melts is analogous to one-dimensional fluid transport and can be treated by similar numerical methods. One such method, remapping, is applied here. Thickness categories are represented as Lagrangian grid cells whose boundaries are projected forward in time. The thickness distribution is approximated as a linear or quadratic polynomial in each displaced category, and ice area and volume are transferred between categories so as to restore the original boundaries. In simple test problems and in a single-column model with forcing typical of the central Arctic, remapping performs significantly better than methods previously used in sea ice models. It is less diffusive than a scheme that fixes the ice thickness in each category and behaves better numerically than a scheme that represents the thickness distribution as a set of delta functions. Also, remapping converges faster (i.e., with fewer thickness categories) than the alternative schemes. With five to seven categories the errors due to finite resolution of the thickness distribution are much smaller than the errors due to other sources. Linear remapping performs as well as the more complex quadratic version and is recommended for climate modeling. Its computational cost is minimal compared to other sea ice model components. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lipscomb, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C7 BP 13989 EP 14000 DI 10.1029/2000JC000518 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 452QW UT WOS:000169871100013 ER PT J AU Pyda, M Di Lorenzo, ML Pak, J Kamasa, P Buzin, A Grebowicz, J Wunderlich, B AF Pyda, M Di Lorenzo, ML Pak, J Kamasa, P Buzin, A Grebowicz, J Wunderlich, B TI Reversible and irreversible heat capacity of poly[carbonyl (ethylene-co-propylene)] by temperature-modulated calorimetry SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th NATAS Conference CY OCT 04-06, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP NATAS DE heat capacity; poly[carbonyl(ethylene-co-propylene)]; entropy; enthalpy; free enthalpy; glass transition; melting; reversible melting; crystallinity ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; POLY(TRIMETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE); CRYSTALLIZATION AB The heat capacity of poly[carbonyl(ethylene-co-propylene)] with 95 mol % C2H4-CO- (Carilon EP (R)) was measured with standard differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC). The integral functions of enthalpy, entropy, and free enthalpy were derived. With quasi-isothermal TMDSC, the apparent reversing heat capacity was determined from 220 to 570 K, including the glass- and melting-transition regions. The vibrational heat capacity of the solid and the heat capacity of the liquid served as baselines for the quantitative analysis. A small amount of apparent reversing latent heat was found in the melting range, just as for other polymers similarly analyzed. With an analysis of the heat-flow rates in the time domain, information was collected about latent heat contributions due to annealing, melting, and crystallization. The latent heat decreased with time to an even smaller but truly reversible latent heat contribution. The main melting was fully irreversible. All contributions are discussed in the framework of a suggested scheme of six physical contributions to the apparent heat capacity. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Shell Dev Co, Westhollow Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Buzin, Alexander/H-5482-2011; Di Lorenzo, Maria Laura/N-5692-2015 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 39 IS 14 BP 1565 EP 1577 DI 10.1002/polb.1129.abs PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 446CQ UT WOS:000169495700001 ER PT J AU Di Lorenzo, ML Pyda, M Wunderlich, B AF Di Lorenzo, ML Pyda, M Wunderlich, B TI Calorimetry of nanophase-separated poly(oligoamide-alt-oligoether)s SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE multiblock copolymer; polyamide 12; polyoxytetramethylene; miscibility; crystallization; melting; glass transition; oligoamide; oligoether ID 2 POLY(ETHER-BLOCK-AMIDE) COPOLYMERS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SEGREGATION; POLYAMIDES; POLYMERS; PEBAX AB The miscibility, crystallization, vitrification, and melting behavior of multiblock copolymers consisting of alternating components of oligo[imino(1-oxodo-decamethylene)] and oligo(oxytetramethylene) were investigated in their dependence of composition and molecular mass of the blocks. In all compositions studied, the copolymers present two separate glass transitions at temperatures not far from those of the corresponding homopolymers. The immiscible components are linked by chemical bonds to nanophase-separated layers. In such a situation, the structure and mobility of each phase affect the other, causing small shifts of the glass-transition temperatures. The enthalpy-based crystallinity was calculated separately for each component, using the known information on heat capacities and latent heats. The crystallinity is influenced by the block lengths. The oligoamide segments crystallize from an isotropic melt with a relatively high crystallinity, whereas the oligoether blocks solidify in the presence of crystals and glass of the second component in the adjacent solid nanophases, which greatly reduces their overall long-range chain mobility, and as a consequence, their crystallinity is rather small. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Di Lorenzo, Maria Laura/N-5692-2015 NR 36 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 39 IS 14 BP 1594 EP 1604 DI 10.1002/polb.1131.abs PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 446CQ UT WOS:000169495700003 ER PT J AU Kumar, M Schwartz, AJ King, WE AF Kumar, M Schwartz, AJ King, WE TI Correlating observations of deformation microstructures by TEM and automated EBSD techniques SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE orientational; mesoscale; correlations; dislocations; misorientations; transmission electron microscopy; electron backscatter diffraction; lattice rotations ID ALUMINUM AB The evolution of the deformed microstructure as a function of imposed plastic strain is of interest as it provides information on the material hardening characteristics and mechanism(s) by which cold work energy is stored. This has been extensively studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where the high spatial and orientational resolution of the technique is used in advantage to study local phenomenon, such as dislocation core structures and interactions of dislocations. With the recent emergence of scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques, it has now become possible to make mesoscale observations that are statistical in nature and complement the detailed TEM observations. Correlations of such observations will be demonstrated for the case of Ni-base alloys, which are typically non-cell forming solid solution alloys when deformed at ambient temperatures. For instance, planar slip is dominant at low-strain levels but evolves into a microstructure where distinct crystallographic dislocation-rich walls form as a function of strain and grain orientation. Observations recorded using both TEM and EBSD techniques are presented and analyzed for their implication on subsequent annealing characteristics. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kumar, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 78 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01771-8 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600017 ER PT J AU Gelles, DS Schaublin, RE AF Gelles, DS Schaublin, RE TI Post-irradiation deformation in a Fe-9%Cr alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE post-irradiation deformation; ferritic steel; fractography; dislocations; cavities AB The deformed microstructures of both irradiated and unirradiated Fe-9%Cr (Fe-9Cr) uniaxial tensile specimens have been examined to identify controlling mechanisms. Deformation following irradiation is found to occur in poorly defined channels about 100 nm wide, causing formation of discrete steps at surfaces and, interestingly, designated by nonuniformly distributed highly elongated voids. Deformation is by motion of a(0)/2 <1 1 1 > dislocations, which interact with and decompose irradiation-induced a(0) <1 0 0 > loops. The structure formed after extensive deformation consists of highly complex cell walls and moderate densities of individual slip dislocations. It appears that the deformation mechanism is channeling. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schaublin, RE (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Schaeublin, Robin/O-1426-2016 OI Schaeublin, Robin/0000-0002-8379-9705 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01772-X PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600018 ER PT J AU Yang, LH Soderlind, P Moriarty, JA AF Yang, LH Soderlind, P Moriarty, JA TI Atomistic simulation of pressure-dependent screw dislocation properties in bcc tantalum SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE bcc metals; screw dislocation; Peierls stress; Kink processes; Green's function methods ID CENTERED CUBIC METALS; TRANSITION-METALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS AB The pressure-dependent core properties of a/2 <1 1 1 > screw dislocations in bcc Ta have been simulated by means of quantum-based, multi-ion interatomic potentials derived from model generalized pseudopotential theory (MGPT). We have considered both ambient-pressure behavior and the change in core properties under high-pressure of 10 Mbar. Robust two- and three-dimensional Green's function techniques have been used to dynamically relax the boundary forces during the simulations. Our results show that the predicted degenerate core structure is sensitive to pressure, being nearly symmetric and only weakly polarized at ambient pressure, while becoming highly polarized with a distinctive three-fold spread out along <1 1 2 > directions at high-pressure. At the same time, the pure-sheer Peierls stress is found to scale linearly with the pressure-dependent <1 1 1 > shear modulus G. The degenerate nature of the core structure leads to multiple possible kinks and kink pairs that can form on the dislocation line at finite temperature. The pressure variation of the lowest kink-pair formation energy reveals a very approximate scaling behavior in terms of G and the Burgers vector. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reseIved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lyang@llnl.gov NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01618-X PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600022 ER PT J AU Justo, JF de Koning, M Cai, W Bulatov, VV AF Justo, JF de Koning, M Cai, W Bulatov, VV TI Point defect interaction with dislocations in silicon SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE dislocations; extended defects; semiconductors; point defects ID 90-DEGREES PARTIAL DISLOCATION; FREE-ENERGY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MOBILITY; SHUFFLE; GLIDE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SIMULATION; CORE AB We investigated the interaction of intrinsic point defects (vacancies and self-interstitials) with a partial dislocation in silicon. Using a combination of zero-temperature ab initio total energy calculations with finite temperature free-energy calculations based on an interatomic potential, we obtained energies for the relevant core defects. The formation energies of vacancies and interstitials in the core of a 30 degrees glide partial dislocation are considerably lower (by more than 1 eV) than in the bulk. However, even at high temperatures, the predicted thermal concentration of shuffle segments, comprised of a row of vacancies or interstitials in the core, is low Therefore, in the competition between two alternative positions (shuffle or glide {1 1 1} plane sub-sets) for the care of a 30 degrees partial dislocation, the glide segment is strongly favored. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Justo, JF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI de Koning, Maurice/E-1115-2012; OI de Koning, Maurice/0000-0002-0035-4170; Cai, Wei/0000-0001-5919-8734 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 129 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01738-X PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600028 ER PT J AU Mryasov, ON Gornostyrev, YN van Schilfgaarde, M Freeman, AJ AF Mryasov, ON Gornostyrev, YN van Schilfgaarde, M Freeman, AJ TI Complex evolution of dislocation core structure in a process of motion: model analysis with ab-initio parameterization SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE dislocation; misfit energy; parameterization ID CROSS-SLIP; PEIERLS; SIMULATION; METALS; STRESS AB We extend the Peierls-Nabarro (PN) model to eliminate the "continuum" approximation for the misfit energy, and use it to analyze features of the evolution of the dislocation core structure under various stress conditions (glide and Escaig stress). We show that the core may assume competing multiple structures with their marked dependence on the dislocation axis position. As we demonstrate for ordinary dislocations in fee Ir and the ordered Ll(0) CuAu calculated using ab-initio generalized stacking fault energies, these lattice discreteness effects, missing in the original PN model, significantly affects the evolution of the dislocation under stress. In particular, these effects may result in the ladder-like dependence of the partial separation under Escaig stress conditions, and dramatic changes in the shape and amplitude of the Peierls barrier. Thus, we find that lattice discreteness effects can be significant not only in ordered alloys with a deep Peierls valley but also in fee metals under stress and futher, these effects result in the evolution of dislocation structure which is more complex than previously thought. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg, Russia. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Mryasov, ON (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Gornostyrev, Yuri/K-5100-2013 OI Gornostyrev, Yuri/0000-0001-7765-9805 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 138 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01710-X PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600030 ER PT J AU Lu, G Kioussis, N Bulatov, VV Kaxiras, E AF Lu, G Kioussis, N Bulatov, VV Kaxiras, E TI Dislocation core properties of aluminum: a first-principles study SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE dislocation cores; stacking fault; peierls stress ID PEIERLS-NABARRO MODEL; BEHAVIOR; BARRIERS; SILICON AB We have employed the semidiscrete variational generalized Peierls-Nabarro model to study dislocation core properties of aluminum. The generalized stacking fault (GSF) energy surface entering the model is calculated by using first-principles density functional theory (DFT). Various core properties, including the core width, energetics and Peierls stress for different dislocations have been investigated. The correlation between the core energetics and the Peierls stress with the dislocation character has been explored. Our results reveal a simple relationship between the Peierls stress and the ratio between the core width and the atomic spacing. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM glu@newton.csun.edu NR 14 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 142 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01711-1 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600031 ER PT J AU Chang, JP Cai, W Bulatov, VV Yip, S AF Chang, JP Cai, W Bulatov, VV Yip, S TI Dislocation motion in BCC metals by molecular dynamics SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE dislocation mobility; molecular dynamics; molybdenum ID TRANSITION-METALS; INFREQUENT EVENTS AB We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of edge dislocations in BCC metal Mo with 1/2[1 1 1] Burgers vector gliding on (1 1 0) plane using the Finnis-Sinclair N-body empirical potential and periodic boundary conditions (PBC). The profile of dislocation line, extracted from atomic displacements during MD simulation, suggests a dominant mechanism of double-kink nucleation, without appreciable kink migration. This observation is consistent with further simulations in which dislocations with pre-existing kinks are observed to move at the same velocity as the initially straight dislocations. Our results show a linear stress dependence of the dislocation velocity and a decrease of mobility with increasing temperature, both features interpreted as signifying that the simulations pertain to the viscous phonon drag regime of dislocation mobility. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chang, JP (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Cai, Wei/0000-0001-5919-8734 NR 14 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 160 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01673-7 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600035 ER PT J AU Hughes, DA Khan, SMA Godfrey, A Zbib, HM AF Hughes, DA Khan, SMA Godfrey, A Zbib, HM TI Internal structures of deformation induced planar dislocation boundaries SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE planar dislocation boundaries; geometrically necessary boundaries; dislocations; internal stresses; TEM ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SLIP AB The internal structure of planar dislocation boundaries is explored through a coupling of experimental observations of extended geometrically necessary boundaries (GNBs) in deformed single crystals with a dislocation dynamics simulation. The internal dislocation structure of a GNB is approached first through standard diffraction contrast analyses to identify the boundary Burgers vectors in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). This result is placed in the context of a large series of boundaries by the calculation of boundary misorientation angle/axis pairs from Kikuchi pattern analysis in the TEM of orientations on either side of the boundaries. Of special interest are the boundary misorientation axes which together with the boundary normal, allow one to estimate the contribution of primary and secondary dislocations to boundary rotations. Selected boundaries are constructed using the experimental data, crystal plasticity analysis and Frank's formula. The constructed boundaries are input into the dislocation dynamics code and allowed to equilibrate (relax). The internal stress field of the boundary is determined. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Engn Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hughes, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Engn Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Godfrey, Andrew/G-4458-2010; Khan, Shafique/M-4248-2015 OI Godfrey, Andrew/0000-0002-5496-0424; Khan, Shafique/0000-0001-6374-3504 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01691-9 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600046 ER PT J AU Tang, M Fivel, M Kubin, LP AF Tang, M Fivel, M Kubin, LP TI From forest hardening to strain hardening in body centered cubic single crystals: simulation and modeling SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE dislocation dynamics; strain hardening; forest hardening; density evolution; dislocation flux; boundary condition ID DISLOCATION DYNAMICS AB In body centered cubic (b.c.c.) crystals at low temperature, the thermally activated motion of screw dislocations by the kink pair mechanism governs the yield properties and also affects the strain hardening properties. The strain hardening is studied through two steps, i.e., through forest hardening and dislocation density evolution. The forest hardening has been previously numerically simulated and analyzed by a simple model that applies generally to all b.c.c. metals at low temperature. For the dislocation density evolution, the very first, but crucial, attempt in simulation consists of the development of a boundary condition with dislocation flux balance, which is shown to increase the dislocation density significantly during the early stage of deformation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, GPM2, CNRS, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, LEM, CNRS, F-92322 Chatillon, France. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI FIVEL, Marc/0000-0002-0393-2191 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 256 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01764-0 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600053 ER PT J AU Cai, W Bulatov, VV Yip, S Argon, AS AF Cai, W Bulatov, VV Yip, S Argon, AS TI Kinetic Monte Carlo modeling of dislocation motion in BCC metals SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE dislocation; kinetic Monte Carlo; BCC metals ID DYNAMICS AB We present a kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation method for modeling screw dislocation motion in BCC metals on the micron-second scales, using inputs from atomistic simulations of core mechanisms on the angstrom-picosecond scale. The simulations use atomistic input such as double-kink nucleation energy and kink mobility, include linear elastic (Peach-Koehler) interactions between dislocation segments, and predict overall dislocation velocity at different temperature and stress states. In addition, an important mechanism, namely, the spontaneous superjog growth and debris loop nucleation, is identified in the kMC simulation as an important factor controlling the dislocation motion in the high stress and medium temperature regime. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cai, W (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Cai, Wei/0000-0001-5919-8734 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 270 EP 273 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01689-0 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600056 ER PT J AU Khraiski, TA Zbib, HM de la Rubia, TD AF Khraiski, TA Zbib, HM de la Rubia, TD TI The treatment of traction-free boundary condition in three-dimensional dislocation dynamics using generalized image stress analysis SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE dislocation dynamics; dislocation; image stress ID SIMULATION AB Recent attention has been given to the proper treatment of the planar traction-free surfaces which typically bound a computational box in three-dimensional dislocation dynamics. This paper presents an alternative to the use of the finite-element method for this purpose. Here, to annul the tractions produced by a sub-surface dislocation segment on a finite-area free surface S, a combination of an image dislocation segment, and a distribution of N prismatic rectangular Volterra dislocation loops meshing S is utilized. The image dislocation segment, with the proper sign selection of the Burgers vector components, annuls the shear stresses, and the normal stress component is annulled discretely at N collocation points representing the centers of the loops. The unknowns in this problem are the magnitudes of the N Burgers vectors for the loops. Once these are determined, one can back calculate the Peach-Koehler force acting on the sub-surface segment and representing the effect of the free surface. As expected, the accuracy of the method improves as the loops continuously decrease in size. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, MSTD, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zbib, HM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01727-5 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600059 ER PT J AU Rhee, M Stolken, JS Bulatov, VV de la Rubia, TD Zbib, HM Hirth, JP AF Rhee, M Stolken, JS Bulatov, VV de la Rubia, TD Zbib, HM Hirth, JP TI Dislocation stress fields for dynamic codes using anisotropic elasticity: methodology and analysis SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE anisotropic elasticity; stress field; angular stress factor AB A numerical methodology to incorporate anisotropic elasticity into three-dimensional dislocation dynamics codes has been developed, employing theorems derived by Lothe [J. Lothe, Philos. Mag. 15 (1967) 353], Brown [L.M. Brown, Philos. Mag. 15 (1967) 363], Indenbom and Orlov [V.L. Indenbom, S.S. Orlov, Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. 12 (6) (1968) 849], and Asaro and Bamett [R.J. Asaro, D.M. Barnett, in: R.J. Arsenault, J.R. Beeler Jr., J.A. Simmons (Eds.), Computer Simulation for Materials Applications, Part 2. Nuclear Metallurgy, Vol. 20, p. 313]. The formalism is based on the stress field solution for a straight dislocation segment of arbitrary orientation in three-dimensional space. The general solution is given in a complicated closed integral form. To reduce the computation complexity, look-up tables are used to avoid heavy computations for the evaluation of the angular stress factor (Sigma (ij)) and its first derivative term (Sigma ' (ij)). The computation methodology and error analysis are discussed in comparison with known closed form solutions for isotropic elasticity. For the case of Mo single crystals, we show that the difference between anisotropic and isotropic elastic stress fields can be, for some components of the stress tenser, as high as 15% close to the dislocation line, and decrease significantly away from it. This suggests that short-range interactions should be evaluated based on anisotropic elasticity, while long-range interactions can be approximated using long-range elasticity (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rhee, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 288 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01729-9 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600060 ER PT J AU Yasin, H Zbib, HM Khaleel, MA AF Yasin, H Zbib, HM Khaleel, MA TI Size and boundary effects in discrete dislocation dynamics: coupling with continuum finite element SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE elasto-viscoplasticity; discrete dislocation dynamics; finite element analysis AB In this work, we develop a framework coupling continuum elasto-viscoplasticity with three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics (micro3d). The main problem is to carry out rigorous analyses to simulate the deformation of single crystal metals (fcc and bcc) of finite domains. While the overall macroscopic response of the crystal is based on the continuum theory, the constitutive response is determined by discrete dislocation dynamics analyses using micro3d. Size effects are investigated by considering two boundary value problems: (1) uniaxial loading of a single crystal cube, and (2) bending of a single crystal micro-beam. It is shown that boundary conditions and the size of the computational cell have significant effect on the results due to image stresses from free-boundaries. The investigation shows that surface effects cannot be ignored regardless of the cell size, and may result in errors as much as 10%. Preliminary results pertaining to dislocation structures under bending conditions are also given. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Virtual Prototyping & Engn Simulat Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Khaleel, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Virtual Prototyping & Engn Simulat Lab, MS K2-18, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 8 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 294 EP 299 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01731-7 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600061 ER PT J AU Bammann, DJ AF Bammann, DJ TI A model of crystal plasticity containing a natural length scale SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE crystal plasticity; dislocation density tensor; internal stress ID GRADIENT PLASTICITY AB A crystal plasticity model is developed which is embedded with a natural length scale. The model is developed within the framework of Coleman-Gurtin thermodynamics of internal state variables. The normal multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient utilized in crystal plasticity is expanded to add an extra degree of freedom. The internal state variables introduced in the free energy include the elastic strain associated with the statistically stored dislocations, and the curvature, which is derived from the continuum theory of dislocations. In this theory, the curvature is the curl of the elastic rotation associated with the polar decomposition of the elastic deformation gradient. This leads to an internal stress field that results from the presence of geometrically necessary dislocations and possesses an inherent length scale, in addition to the normal mechanical resistance that is proportional to the square root of the statistically stored dislocations. A crystal plasticity model incorporating these internal stresses is implemented into a FEM code. The results of the models prediction of the formation of misoriented cells, whose size is determined by the length scale of the model, as well as the prediction of the gradients of misorientation at the interface of the two cells is compared with bi-crystal experiments on Aluminum. During the compression of these bi-crystals, the dislocation patterns that develop encompass local lattice rotations or cells of misorientation that have a hierarchical of length scales. Therefore, the kinematics of the model are generalized to include an additional rotational degree of freedom, and additional tenser state variables are derived from the kinematics. This model has many similarities with the multipolar dislocation/disclination theory of Eringen and Claus and may be viewed as a finite deformation extension of that theory. The relationship of this model, which now has multiple length scales, to existing deformation theory type of strain gradient models is then discussed, and the length scales are related to actual physical mechanisms. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bammann, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 406 EP 410 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01614-2 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600082 ER PT J AU Lagow, BW Robertson, IM Jouiad, M Lassila, DH Lee, TC Birnbaum, HK AF Lagow, BW Robertson, IM Jouiad, M Lassila, DH Lee, TC Birnbaum, HK TI Observation of dislocation dynamics in the electron microscope SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE dislocation dynamics; transmission electron microscope; dislocation-obstacle interactions ID INTERGRANULAR FRACTURE; STAINLESS-STEEL; TRANSMISSION; NICKEL; SULFUR AB Deformation experiments performed in situ in the transmission electron microscope have led to an increased understanding of dislocation dynamics. To illustrate the capability of this technique two examples will be presented. In the first example, the processes of work hardening in Mo at room temperature will be presented. These studies have improved our understanding of dislocation mobility, dislocation generation, and dislocation-obstacle interactions. Zn the second example, the interaction of matrix dislocations with grain boundaries will be described. From such studies predictive criteria for slip transfer through grain boundaries have been developed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lagow, BW (reprint author), Ingersoll Rand Co, Ctr Adv Technol, 6809 Hillsdale Court, Indianapolis, IN 46250 USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01699-3 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600089 ER PT J AU Lee, S Wang, SD Hsueh, CH AF Lee, S Wang, SD Hsueh, CH TI Critical epitaxial film thickness for forming interface dislocations SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE epitaxial film; dislocation; critical thickness; modeling ID MISFIT DISLOCATIONS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; EPILAYER; SUBSTRATE; ENERGY AB The system of an epitaxial film on a semi-infinite substrate of a different material is considered and the critical thickness of the film to form misfit interface dislocations is derived in the present study. The energy approach is used to predict the critical thickness and both the self-energy of the dislocation and the interaction energy between the dislocation and the mismatch strain are analyzed. The elastic stress field due to the interface dislocation is required in analyzing the energies and both the superposition principle and Fourier integral are adopted to derive this elastic stress field. The predicted stress fields in the system satisfy both the free surface condition at the film surface and the continuity condition at the interface. The predicted critical film thickness for forming interface dislocation decreases with the increase in the shear modulus ratio of the film to the substrate. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Chung Chou Jr Coll Technol & Commerce, Dept Mech Engn, Chang Hua, Taiwan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01717-2 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600094 ER PT J AU Richardson, CJK Spicer, JB Huber, RD Lee, WHW AF Richardson, CJK Spicer, JB Huber, RD Lee, WHW TI Direct detection of ultrafast thermal transients by use of a chirped, supercontinuum white-light pulse SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; BEAM AB An experimental technique is demonstrated that permits direct optical measurement of ultrafast material transients during a single excitation-relaxation cycle. Reflection of a linearly chirped, supercontinuum optical pulse from a gold film with changing surface temperature induced by an ultrafast pump pulse allows the thermal transients to be encoded onto the spectrum of the probe pulse. Calibrating the chirp of the probe pulse and the wavelength sensitivity of the sample permits mapping of the measured transient into the time domain. Measurements are completed over the course of 100 ps with subpicosecond time resolution. Results obtained with this technique are compared with similar measurements obtained with conventional pump-probe correlation techniques. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Richardson, CJK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Phys Sci Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Spicer, James/A-3312-2010 OI Spicer, James/0000-0002-3512-5503 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 14 BP 1105 EP 1107 DI 10.1364/OL.26.001105 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 452LF UT WOS:000169858800023 PM 18049534 ER PT J AU Aigle, M Pascher, H Kim, H Tarhan, E Mayur, AJ Sciacca, MD Ramdas, AK Springholz, G Bauer, G AF Aigle, M Pascher, H Kim, H Tarhan, E Mayur, AJ Sciacca, MD Ramdas, AK Springholz, G Bauer, G TI Optical phonons in Pb1-xEuxTe epilayers and PbTe/EuTe superlattices: Berreman effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HETEROSTRUCTURE DIODE-LASERS; GAAS-ALAS SUPERLATTICES; OBLIQUE-INCIDENCE; CHALCOGENIDES; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; EUTE AB The frequencies of the zone-center optical phonons in Pb1-xEuxTe (0 less than or equal tox less than or equal to1) epilayers both grown by molecular beam epitaxy and of the confined optical phonons in PbTe/EuTe superlattices have been determined from the transmission minima in the far infrared. With radiation incident on the film normally, only the transverse optical (TO) phonons can be observed, whereas oblique incidence allows the appearance of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonons as well, due to the Berreman effect. The first-order infrared spectrum of Pb1-xEuxTe exhibits a pair of ''EuTe-like'' zone-center optical phonons originating in the localized mode of Eu in PbTe and evolving into the LO-TO pair of EuTe; the LO modes appear only in the oblique Berreman geometry, the radiation being polarized in the plane of incidence. From a high-quality EuTe epilayer, the frequencies of the TO and the LO phonons at 5 K have been determined to be 109.5 cm(-1) and 147.2 cm(-1) respectively. The phonon dispersion for EuTe with finite wave vectors along [111] has been deduced from the confined TO and LO modes observed in (PbTe)(m)/(EuTe)(n) superlattices. C1 Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Linz, Inst Halbleiterphys, A-4040 Linz, Austria. RP Aigle, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 035316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.035316 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 454UH UT WOS:000169989800067 ER PT J AU Boettger, JC AF Boettger, JC TI Equation of state for tantalum from relativistic linear combinations of Gaussian-type orbitals calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY; SOLIDS; TRANSFORMATION; SURFACES; EXCHANGE; GPA; TA AB The zero-temperature equation of state (EOS) for tantalum (Ta) is calculated to 2.5 Mbar with the relativistic linear combinations of Gaussian type orbital-fitting-function (LCGTO-FF) method, for two density functional models: the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The EOS is determined both with and without spin-orbit coupling included. The effect of spin-orbit coupling is found to be nearly negligible over the compression range considered, in sharp disagreement with a previous calculation using the full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method. A serious discrepancy between 300 K diamond anvil cell data and reduced shock data far Ta is shown to result from an underestimate of the Gruneisen parameter during the reduction of the shock data. The GGA model reproduces the zero-pressure properties of Ta quite well, while the high-pressure EOS data is in better accord with the LDA calculations. Neither model provides an adequate representation for the EOS over the full range of the data. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boettger, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 035103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.035103 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 454UH UT WOS:000169989800037 ER PT J AU Campbell, IH Smith, DL Neef, CJ Ferraris, JP AF Campbell, IH Smith, DL Neef, CJ Ferraris, JP TI Charge-carrier effects on the optical properties of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; EXCITATIONS; TRANSPORT; OLIGOMERS; LASERS AB We present measurements of the effects of electrically injected charge carriers on the optical properties of a soluble, poly(p-phenylene vinylene) derivative. Pulsed electrical excitation was used to acquire the modulated optical characteristics of single-carrier polymer diodes for photon energies from 0.5 to 3.1 eV and for average injected charge-carrier densities up to about 1x10(18) cm(-3). For injected carrier densities below about 5 x 10(17) cm(-3) the modulation of the optical properties is primarily due to electric-field-induced effects. At higher densities, the effects of the injected charge carriers dominate. In the near-absorption-edge spectral region, we find that there is substantial charge-carrier-induced bleaching of the lowest-energy optical transitions. This implies that charge-carrier effects in this spectral region are the result of state filling and/or exciton screening. In the spectral region from 0.5 to 1.8 eV, in the energy gap of the polymer, we find no significant effects due to the injected charge carriers. The widely reported induced absorption features at about 0.6 and 1.6 eV that have been attributed to polarons were not observed. We find no significant polaron absorption over this spectral range in this polymer. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Campbell, IH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 035203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.035203 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 454UH UT WOS:000169989800044 ER PT J AU Chen, W Joly, AG Zhang, JZ AF Chen, W Joly, AG Zhang, JZ TI Up-conversion luminescence of Mn2+ in ZnS : Mn2+ nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTI-STOKES PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; NANOCLUSTERS; MICROSCOPY; INTERFACE AB Strong up-conversion luminescence of Mn2+ is observed in ZnS:Mn2+ bulk and nanoparticles. The upconversion emission band excited at 767 nm is redshifted from the photoluminescence emission excited at 300 ran with the bulk and the particles encapsulated in zeolite ultrastable zeolite-Y as exceptions. In the nanoparticles, the decay lifetimes of the up-conversion emission excited at 767 nm are shorter than the 300-nm excited luminescence lifetimes, while in the bulk, the two decays are almost identical. When the photoluminescence is obtained by excitation at 383.5 nm, which is the sum energy of two photons at excitation at 767 nm, the emission spectra and the lifetimes of the two types of luminescence are almost identical. The power dependence of the photoluminescence is linear, while that of the up-conversion emission is quadratic. Based on these observations along with the temperature dependence of the up-conversion luminescence intensity, it is concluded that two-photon excitation is responsible for the up-conversion luminescence of Mn2+ in ZnS:Mn2+ nanoparticles. C1 Nomad Inc, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Nomad Inc, 1024 S Innovat Way, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. EM wchen@nomadics.com NR 23 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 041202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.041202 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 457CN UT WOS:000170119700004 ER PT J AU Durakiewicz, T Halas, S Arko, A Joyce, JJ Moore, DP AF Durakiewicz, T Halas, S Arko, A Joyce, JJ Moore, DP TI Electronic work-function calculations of polycrystalline metal surfaces revisited SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-METALS; TRANSITION-METALS; BRODIES EXPRESSION; LIGHT ACTINIDES; VALENCE STATE; DELTA-PU; ENERGY; JELLIUM; ELEMENTS; QUANTUM AB A brief comparison of methods used to calculate the electronic work function of polycrystalline metal surfaces is presented. We show that the ab initio methods are unable to give values in acceptable agreement with experiments, whereas simple models based on the free-electron gas approach and classical electrodynamics work well, even in complicated electronic systems like transition metals. lanthanides, or actinides. This observation is made on the basis of previously published computations by the authors and new results for lanthanides and actinides. Surface valence transitions from trivalent to divalent for Sm and Tm are indicated. Heavy actinides work functions are presented. The results are compared with available experimental and theoretical values, and an attempt to address the reasons for ab initio failure is undertaken on the basis of a concept of quantum decoherence. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. RP Durakiewicz, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mailstop K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tomasz@lanl.gov OI Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 57 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 045101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.045101 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 457CN UT WOS:000170119700017 ER PT J AU Glatzel, P Bergmann, U de Groot, FMF Cramer, SP AF Glatzel, P Bergmann, U de Groot, FMF Cramer, SP TI Influence of the core hole on K beta emission following photoionization or orbital electron capture: A comparison using MnO and (Fe2O3)-Fe-55 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY-FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE-TRANSFER SATELLITES; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; INTENSITY RATIOS; NICKEL COMPOUNDS; FE; EXCITATION; DIHALIDES AB The Mn K beta fluorescence emission in MnO after photoionization and in (Fe2O3)-Fe-55 after radioactive electron capture decay from the K shell have been measured using a crystal array spectrometer with an instrumental energy bandwidth of 0.7 eV (full width at half maximum). Both compounds have a 3d(5) valence electron configuration in the ionic approximation. It is found that the spectral features after K capture in (Fe2O3)-Fe-55 are shifted in emission energy and are sharper, compared to the spectra following photoionization in MnO, i.e., the spectra exhibit a dependence on the mode of excitation. Crystal-field multiplet calculations including ligand-to-metal charge transfer have been carried out for the 1 s intermediate states as well as for the 3p to 1 s (K beta) radiative transition. The populated I s intermediate states after photoionization are found to be spread over several eV. In comparison, only the lowest-lying Is intermediate states split by the weak (1s, 3d) exchange interaction are populated after K capture. It is proposed that the differences in population of the Is intermediate states together with a term-dependent final-state lifetime broadening can account for the changes in the spectral shapes due to the different modes of excitation. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Utrecht, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Glatzel, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010; de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144; NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 045109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.045109 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 457CN UT WOS:000170119700025 ER PT J AU Mao, MY Miranda, PB Kim, DS Shen, YR AF Mao, MY Miranda, PB Kim, DS Shen, YR TI Kinetics of molecular hydrogen dissociative adsorption on Si(111) studied by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy and second harmonic generation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DESORPTION-KINETICS; REACTION DYNAMICS; SILICON SURFACES; D-2 ADSORPTION; X 7; H-2; CHEMISORPTION; SI(100) AB Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) and optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) were used to monitor hydrogen adsorption on Si(111) by molecular-hydrogen dosing. A properly treated sample exhibited a single H-Si stretch-vibrational mode representing H adsorbed at the top sites. A fully H-terminated Si(111) surface could be obtained by H-2 dosing at sufficiently high temperatures. The observed adsorption kinetics was qualitatively the same as that reported by Hofer and co-workers, including a nearly equal adsorption-energy barrier. However, our results indicate that the initial adsorption on a nearly bare surface obeys the simple Langmuir model. And with subsequent adsorption to higher coverage range, the adsorption gradually becomes cooperative type with the sticking coefficient increasing with H coverage at sufficient high temperature. Evidences of SFVS spectroscopy revealed that it is related to the Si(lll) surface-structure change during H2 adsorption, which appeared to undergo a structural change from (7x7) to (1x1) with increasing temperature or coverage. A simple model was used to qualitatively explain our observation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shen, YR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shenyr@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Miranda, Paulo/C-5933-2012; Kim, Doseok/J-8776-2013 OI Miranda, Paulo/0000-0002-2890-0268; NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 035415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.035415 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 454UH UT WOS:000169989800092 ER PT J AU Muratov, L Little, S Yang, YX Cooper, BR Myers, TH Wills, JM AF Muratov, L Little, S Yang, YX Cooper, BR Myers, TH Wills, JM TI Predicted lattice relaxation around point defects in zinc selenide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; II-VI SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NATIVE DEFECTS; DOPED ZNSE; COMPENSATION; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; GAP; SI AB There is great interest in altering the electronic and consequent optical properties of wide-band-gap semiconductors through the use of selected additives (dopants). These effects depend on the way in which the impurity enters the lattice structure, and the resulting possible lattice relaxation effects and their repercussions. There have been several calculations for the point defects in ZnSe based on pseudopotential approaches, with some differences in results among these; and, in the case of nitrogen substitution for the selenium, there Is a difference with experiment as to the expected size of relaxation effects around the defect. Thus it is useful to have calculations by a quite different technique. For that reason, as benchmark calculations, we have studied lattice relaxation around Zn and Se vacancies, and around N-for-Se substitution sites in ZnSe [V-Se, (V-Se)(++), V-Zn, (V-Zn)(--), N-Se, and (N-Se)(-)], using a full-potential, linear combination of muffin-tin orbitals total energy calculation including an atomic force routine. We have obtained results for the lattice response of ZnSe in various configurations, and discuss these in comparison to the pseudopotential results and experiment. For the case of nitrogen substitution for selenium, we also present an independent experimental verification of previously reported results for the unusually large lattice relaxation surrounding this defect. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Muratov, L (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Myers, Thomas/C-3769-2013 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 035206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.035206 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 454UH UT WOS:000169989800047 ER PT J AU Reedijk, MF Arsic, J de Theije, FK McBride, MT Peters, KF Vlieg, E AF Reedijk, MF Arsic, J de Theije, FK McBride, MT Peters, KF Vlieg, E TI Structure of liquid Sn on Ge(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETER; INTERFACE; SCATTERING; SURFACES; MORPHOLOGY; SIMULATION; GROWTH AB We present an x-ray-diffraction structural analysis of liquid Sn layers of monolayer thickness absorbed on Ge(lll) surfaces. Above the melting temperature, we find that the Sn atoms display both liquidlike and solidlike behavior. The liquid shows both perpendicular and lateral ordering. The Sn/Ge(111) system allows us to investigate the influence of temperature on the liquid structure. Our most important observation is that the structure of the liquid Sn layer changes gradually with temperature from more solidlike to more liquidlike. C1 Univ Nijmegen, RIM Dept Solid State Chem, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. ESRF, Surface Diffract Beamline ID03, Grenoble, France. RP Reedijk, MF (reprint author), Univ Nijmegen, RIM Dept Solid State Chem, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RI Vlieg, Elias/G-3386-2012 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 033403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.033403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 454UH UT WOS:000169989800023 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Silver, RN AF Smith, DL Silver, RN TI Electrical spin injection into semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET; INTERFACE; HETEROSTRUCTURE; DEVICE; METAL; GAAS AB We present the results of a theoretical model describing electrical spin injection from a spin-polarized contact into a nonmagnetic semiconductor. The model includes the possibility of interface resistance due, for example, to a tunnel barrier at the contact/semiconductor heterojunction, and shows that such interface resistance can be critical in determining spin injection properties. With no interface resistance spin injection is very weak for contacts with typical metallic resistivities. For higher bulk resistivity contacts, such as doped semiconductors, or for completely spin-polarized contacts, strong spin injection is possible without significant interface resistance, However the spin polarization must be extremely close to complete for contacts with metallic resistivities. A tunnel barrier with spin-dependent interface resistance can greatly enhance spin injection. An insulating tunnel barrier with a spin-polarized contact, and a ferromagnetic insulator tunnel barrier, both have spin-dependent interface resistance, and provide two promising approaches to achieve significant electrical spin injection. The model is consistent with a variety of experimental observations, identifies the basic physics problems that must be addressed to achieve a high degree of spin injection, and suggests systematic strategies to achieve strong spin injection. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Riminucci, Alberto/D-7525-2011 OI Riminucci, Alberto/0000-0003-0976-1810 NR 22 TC 181 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 045323 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.045323 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 457CN UT WOS:000170119700076 ER PT J AU Wilcoxon, JP Provencio, PP Samara, GA AF Wilcoxon, JP Provencio, PP Samara, GA TI Synthesis and optical properties of colloidal germanium nanocrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INVERSE MICELLES; GE; NANOCLUSTERS; SI; SEMICONDUCTOR; MATRICES; FILMS AB Highly crystalline germanium (Ge) nanocrystals in the size range 2-10 nm were grown in inverse micelles and purified and size separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography with on-line optical and electrical diagnostics. The nanocrystals retain the diamond structure of bulk Ge down to at least 2.0 nm (containing about 150 Ge atoms). One of the objectives of the work was to demonstrate visible light emission from these nanocrystals, and, as it turned out, this dictated emphasis on small (equal to or less than5 nm) sizes. The background- and impurity-free extinction and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of 2 and 4 nm nanocrystals revealed rich structure which could be interpreted in terms of the band structure of Ge shifted to higher energies by quantum confinement. The sifts ranged from similar to0.1 eV to over 1 eV for the various transitions. PL in the range 350-700 nm was observed from nanocrystals 2-5 nm in size. The 2.0-nm nanocrystals yielded the most intense PL (at 420 nm) which is believed to be intrinsic and attributed to direct recombination at Gamma. Excitation at high energy (250 nm) populates most of the conduction bands resulting in competing recombination channels and the observed broad PL spectra. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilcoxon, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 035417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.035417 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 454UH UT WOS:000169989800094 ER PT J AU Woodside, MT Vale, C McEuen, PL Kadow, C Maranowski, KD Gossard, AC AF Woodside, MT Vale, C McEuen, PL Kadow, C Maranowski, KD Gossard, AC TI Imaging interedge-state scattering centers in the quantum Hall regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNED POTENTIAL MICROSCOPY; POLARIZED EDGE CHANNELS; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; RESISTANCE FLUCTUATIONS; LANDAU-LEVELS; ELECTRON; EQUILIBRATION; LIQUID; SUPPRESSION; TRANSPORT AB We use an atomic force microscope tip as a local gate to study the scattering between edge channels in a two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall regime. The scattering is dominated by individual, microscopic scattering centers, which we directly image here for the first time. The tip voltage dependence of the scattering indicates the presence of tunneling through weak links as well as scattering from microscopic impurities. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Woodside, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 041310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.041310 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 457CN UT WOS:000170119700014 ER PT J AU Zachar, O Tsvelik, AM AF Zachar, O Tsvelik, AM TI One-dimensional electron gas interacting with a Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID KONDO-LATTICE AB We analyze a model of a one-dimensional electron-gas interacting with an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain via the spin-exchange interactions. Using a solution at a special limit, we characterize the gapless modes of the spin-gap fixed point at weak coupling J(K)much less thanJ(H),E-F. We show that the only gapless pairing mode with divergent susceptibility is a composite odd-parity/odd-frequency singlet-pairing order parameter, while the ordinary BCS even-parity singlet-pairing mode is incoherent. For two-legs ladder systems, we note that it is possible to have a range of doping where the chemical potential cuts only the antibonding band while the bonding band remains half filled. We propose that in such a state the two-leg ladder is effectively realizing the one-dimensional Kondo-Heisenberg model. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RP Zachar, O (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 033103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.033103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 454UH UT WOS:000169989800003 ER PT J AU Chalmers, G Siegel, W AF Chalmers, G Siegel, W TI Global conformal anomaly in N=2 string SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SELF-DUAL GRAVITY; YANG-MILLS THEORY; GAUGE-THEORIES; HELICITY AMPLITUDES; MULTIPLE BREMSSTRAHLUNG; EXTENDED SUPERSYMMETRY; SIMPLIFYING ALGEBRA; GLUON AMPLITUDES; FEYNMAN GRAPHS; LOOP AB We show the existence of a global anomaly in the one-loop graphs of N=2 string theory, defined by sewing tree amplitudes, unless spacetime supersymmetry is imposed. The anomaly is responsible for the non-vanishing maximally helicity violating amplitudes. The supersymmetric completion of the N=2 string spectrum is formulated by extending the previous cohomological analysis with an external spin factor; the target space-time spin-statistics of these individual fields in a self-dual background are compatible with previous cohomological analysis as fields of arbitrary spin may be bosonized into one another. We further analyze duality relations between the open and closed string amplitudes and demonstrate this in the supersymmetric extension of the target space-time theory through the insertion of zero-momentum operators. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Chalmers, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chalmers@pcl3.hep.anl.edu; siegel@insti.physics.sunysb.edu NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 026001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.026001 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 453ZE UT WOS:000169947400085 ER PT J AU Giudice, GF Kolb, EW Riotto, A AF Giudice, GF Kolb, EW Riotto, A TI Largest temperature of the radiation era and its cosmological implications SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NEUTRALINO-STAU COANNIHILATION; BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; COLD DARK-MATTER; REHEATING TEMPERATURE; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; GRAVITINO PRODUCTION; MASSIVE PARTICLES; GRAND UNIFICATION; INVISIBLE AXION; STANDARD MODEL AB The thermal history of the universe before the epoch of nucleosynthesis is unknown. The maximum temperature in the radiation-dominated era, which we will refer to as the reheat temperature, may have been as low as 0.7 MeV. In this paper we show that a low reheat temperature has important implications for many topics in cosmology. We show that weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP's) may be produced even if the reheat temperature is much smaller than the freeze-out temperature of the WIMP, and that the dependence of the present abundance on the mass and the annihilation cross section of the WIMP differs drastically from familiar results. We reexamine predictions of the relic abundance and resulting model constraints of supersymmetric dark matter, axions, massive neutrinos, and other dark matter candidates, nucleosynthesis constraints on decaying particles, and leptogenesis by decay of superheavy particles. We find that the allowed parameter space of supersymmetric models is altered, removing the usual bounds on the mass spectrum; the cosmological bound on massive neutrinos is drastically changed, ruling out Dirac (Majorana) neutrino masses in, only in the range 33 keV less than or similar tom(nu)less than or similar to6 (5) MeV, which is significantly smaller from the standard disallowed range 94 eV less than or equal tom(nu)less than or similar to2 GeV (this implies that massive neutrinos may still play the role of either warm or cold dark matter); the cosmological upper bound on the Peccei-Quinn scale may be significantly increased to 10(16) GeV from the usually cited limit of about 10(12) GeV; and that efficient out-of-equilibrium grand unified theory GUT baryogenesis and/or leptogenesis can take place even if the reheat temperature is much smaller than the mass of the decaying superheavy particle. C1 CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Giudice, GF (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 67 TC 206 Z9 206 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 023508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.023508 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 453ZE UT WOS:000169947400018 ER PT J AU Hoffman, MB Turner, NS AF Hoffman, MB Turner, NS TI Kinematic constraints to the key inflationary observables SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; UNIVERSE; PERTURBATIONS; ANISOTROPY; RECONSTRUCTION; DETECTABILITY; RADIATION; SPECTRUM; SCALE AB The observables T/S and n-1 are key to testing and understanding inflation. (T, S, and n-1 respectively quantify the gravity-wave and density-perturbation contributions to CMB anisotropy and the deviation of the density perturbations from the scale-invariant form.) Absent a standard model, there is no definite prediction for, or relation between, T/S and n-1. By reformulating the equations for slow-roll inflation, we show that in the T/S-(n-1) plane there are excluded regions, regions in which the density perturbations are not well approximated by a power law, and regions in which models with a "featureless" potential must lie. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hoffman, MB (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 35 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 023506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.023506 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 453ZE UT WOS:000169947400016 ER PT J AU Schultz, DR Stancil, PC Rakovic, MJ AF Schultz, DR Stancil, PC Rakovic, MJ TI Classical/quantal correspondence in state-selective charge transfer for partially stripped ion impact on atomic hydrogen: improvements to the CTMC method SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; X-RAY; COLLISIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; EXCITATION; IONIZATION; EMISSION; PRECIPITATION AB A method is developed that enables an improved correspondence of classically determined single-electron excited states of partially stripped ions with appropriate quantal states after charge transfer in ion-atom collisions. This paper extends the applicability and reliability of the classical trajectory Monte Carlo technique. The new method is illustrated by applying it to treat collisions of 5-500 keV u(-1) O+ ions with atomic hydrogen. Expected significant deviations from the widely used correspondence scheme that is only strictly applicable to single-electron systems are found for low principal quantum numbers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 13 BP 2739 EP 2746 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/34/13/316 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 459GD UT WOS:000170241900018 ER PT J AU Schwegler, E Galli, G Gygi, F AF Schwegler, E Galli, G Gygi, F TI Conformational dynamics of the dimethyl phosphate anion in solution SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED WANNIER FUNCTIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AB-INITIO; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; MONTE-CARLO; SIMULATIONS; SOLVATION; SODIUM; MODEL AB The conformational dynamics of the DNA phosphodiester linkage in solution is modeled by performing first principles molecular dynamics simulations of the dimethyl phosphate anion ((CH3O)(2)PO2- or DMP-) in water, in the presence of a sodium cation. We observe conformational changes in DMP- in solution, which are related to the approach of the sodium cation to the anionic oxygens of DMP-. These simulations demonstrate that the presence of a counterion may play a significant role in driving the transition between different conformers of DMP-. (C) 2001 published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-415, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM schwegler@llnl.gov RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 2001 VL 342 IS 3-4 BP 434 EP 440 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00604-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 454NV UT WOS:000169979400029 ER PT J AU Sakash, JB Williams, MK Tsuruta, H Kantrowitz, ER AF Sakash, JB Williams, MK Tsuruta, H Kantrowitz, ER TI Domain bridging interactions - A necessary contribution to the function and structure of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONCERTED ALLOSTERIC TRANSITION; QUATERNARY-STRUCTURE; HETEROTROPIC INTERACTIONS; HOMOTROPIC COOPERATIVITY; REGULATORY SUBUNIT; CATALYTIC CHAIN; CLOSURE; BINDING; SITE; CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE AB Aspartate transcarbamoylase undergoes a domain closure in the catalytic chains upon binding of the substrates that initiates the allosteric transition. Interdomain bridging interactions between Glu(50) and both Arg(167) and Arg(234) have been shown to be critical for stabilization of the R state. A hybrid version of the enzyme has been generated in vitro containing one wildtype catalytic subunit, one catalytic subunit in which Glu(50) in each catalytic chain has been replaced by Ala (E50A), and wild-type regulatory subunits. Thus, the hybrid enzyme has one catalytic subunit capable of domain closure and one catalytic subunit incapable of domain closure. The hybrid does not behave as a simple mixture of the constituent subunits; it exhibits lower catalytic activity and higher aspartate affinity than would be expected. As opposed to the wild-type enzyme, the hybrid is inhibited allosterically by CTP at saturating substrate concentrations. As opposed to the E50A holoenzyme, the hybrid is not allosterically activated by ATP at saturating substrate concentrations. Small angle x-ray scattering showed that three of the six interdomain bridging interactions in the hybrid is sufficient to cause the global structural change to the R state, establishing the critical nature of these interactions for the allosteric transition of aspartate transcarbamoylase. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Merkert Chem Ctr, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kantrowitz, ER (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Merkert Chem Ctr, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM26237] NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 28 BP 26441 EP 26447 DI 10.1074/jbc.M103226200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 451VP UT WOS:000169823300105 PM 11352920 ER PT J AU Handy, CR Khan, D Wang, XQ Tymczak, CJ AF Handy, CR Khan, D Wang, XQ Tymczak, CJ TI Multiscale reference function analysis of the PT symmetry breaking solutions for the P-2+iX(3)+i alpha X Hamiltonian SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article AB The recent work of Delabaere and Trinh (Delabaere E and Trinh D T 2000 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 33 8771) discovered the existence of PT symmetry breaking, complex energy, L-2 solutions for the one-dimensional Hamiltonian, P-2 + iX(3) + i alphaX, in the asymptotic limit alpha --> -infinity. Their asymptotic analysis produced questionable results for moderate values of alpha. We can easily confirm the existence of PT symmetry breaking solutions by explicitly computing the low-lying states for /alpha/ < O(10). Our analysis makes use of the multiscale reference function (MRF) approach, developed by Tymczak et al (Tymczak C J, Japaridze G S, Handy C R and Wang Xiao-Qian 1998a Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 3678; 1998b Phys. Rev. A 58 2708). The MRF results can be validated by comparing them with the converging eigenenergy bounds generated through the eigenvalue moment method, as recently argued by Handy (2001a, b). Given the reliability of the MRF analysis, its fast numerical implementation, high accuracy and theoretical simplicity, the present formalism defines an effective and efficient procedure for analysing many related problems that have appeared in the recent literature. C1 Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Ctr Theoret Studies Phys Stys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Handy, CR (reprint author), Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. NR 12 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD JUL 13 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 27 BP 5593 EP 5602 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/34/27/309 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 459FY UT WOS:000170241400009 ER PT J AU Habib, S AF Habib, S TI Quantum physics - No mere anarchy SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHAOS C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Habib, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 13 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5528 BP 221 EP + DI 10.1126/science.1062985 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 452TK UT WOS:000169875200031 PM 11441149 ER PT J AU Varela, M Ballesteros, C Grogger, W Krishnan, KM Arias, D Sefrioui, Z Leon, C Santamaria, J AF Varela, M Ballesteros, C Grogger, W Krishnan, KM Arias, D Sefrioui, Z Leon, C Santamaria, J TI High-resolution and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy of YBa2Cu3O7-x/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on F-Elements (ICFE-4) CY SEP 17-21, 2000 CL UNIV COMPLUTENSE, MADRID, SPAIN SP European Rare Earths & Actinides Soc, Spanish Minist Educ, Univ Autonoma, Consejo Superior Investigac Cient, Spanish Solid State Chem Grp, Rhodia Terres Rares HO UNIV COMPLUTENSE DE high-T-c superconductors; thin films; scanning and transmission electron microscopy ID TEMPERATURE; STRAIN; FILMS AB Structural disorder induced by epitaxial strain relaxation in c-axis oriented [YBa2Cu3O7-x n u,c/PrBa2Cu3O7 5 u,c] superlattices on (100) SrTiO3 substrates has been analyzed by high-resolution and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. Epitaxial strain shows up in ultrathin YBCO layers with thickness below 4 unit cells. Strain relaxation takes place when layer thickness increases above this value. Microscopy observations for epitaxially strained superlattices show a good morphology of the layers, with sharp and flat interfaces. However, in relaxed samples rougher interfaces are observed, together with microdomains showing the c-axis parallel to the substrate plane which preserve the superlattice compositional profile. Such microdomains of c-parallel growth provide a path for reduced lattice mismatch, conforming a very efficient mechanism for strain relaxation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Complutense, Dept Fis Aplicada III, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Ballesteros, C (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Avda Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016; Sefrioui, Zouhair/C-2728-2017; OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686; Sefrioui, Zouhair/0000-0002-6703-3339; BALLESTEROS, CARMEN INES/0000-0002-8983-4751 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 12 PY 2001 VL 323 BP 558 EP 561 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01143-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 454HN UT WOS:000169967300124 ER PT J AU Moune, OK Faucher, MD Edelstein, N AF Moune, OK Faucher, MD Edelstein, N TI Optical spectrum, crystal field analysis of Pr3+ in YPO4 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on F-Elements (ICFE-4) CY SEP 17-21, 2000 CL UNIV COMPLUTENSE, MADRID, SPAIN SP European Rare Earths & Actinides Soc, Spanish Minist Educ, Univ Autonoma, Consejo Superior Investigac Cient, Spanish Solid State Chem Grp, Rhodia Terres Rares HO UNIV COMPLUTENSE DE YPO4; Pr3+; crystal field analysis; configuration interaction; optical spectrocopy ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; MODEL AB An optical investigation of pr(3+) (1 at.%) in YPO4 single crystal is reported. The aim is an improvement of the crystal field analysis by the means of direct configuration interaction between the ground 4f(2) configuration and the nearest excited configurations. The crystal field is analyzed in the theoretical D-2d site symmetry with and without configuration interaction. The results for the associations 4f(2), 4f(2) + 4f5d, 4f(2) + 4f6p and 4f(2) + 4f5d + 4f6p are compared. The 4f(2) + 4f5d + 4f6p configuration interaction gives the smallest r.m.s. deviation between experimental and calculated energy levels, lowering it from 23.9 cm(-1) on the basis of the 91 4f(2) levels only, down to 5.8 cm(-1), when calculated on the basis of the 315 4f(2) + 4f5d + 4f6p levels. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ecole Cent Paris, UMR 8580, CNRS, Lab Struct Proprietes & Modelisat Solides, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moune, OK (reprint author), Ecole Cent Paris, UMR 8580, CNRS, Lab Struct Proprietes & Modelisat Solides, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 12 PY 2001 VL 323 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01093-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 454HN UT WOS:000169967300173 ER PT J AU DeSain, JD Taatjes, CA AF DeSain, JD Taatjes, CA TI Infrared frequency-modulation probing of product formation in alkyl+O-2 reactions: III. The reaction of cyclopentyl radical (c-C5H9) with O-2 between 296 and 723 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; C2H5+O-2 REACTION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; ETHYL RADICALS; C2H4 YIELD; KINETICS; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY; HO2; CL AB The production of HO2 from the reaction of c-C5H9 + O-2 has been investigated as a function of temperature (296-723 K) by using laser photolysis/CW infrared frequency modulation spectroscopy. The HO2 yield is derived by comparison with the Cl-2/CH3OH/O-2 system and is corrected to account for HO2 signal loss due to competing reactions involving HO2 radical and the adduct c-C5H9O2 The time behavior of the HO2 signal following cyclopentyl radical formation displays two separate components. The first component is a prompt production of HO2, which increases with temperature and is the only component observed between 296 and 500 K. The yield from the prompt production rises from less than 1% at 296 K to similar to 23% at 693 K. At temperatures above 500 K a second slower rise in the HO2 signal is also observed. The production of HO2 on a slower time scale is attributable to cyclopentylperoxy radical decomposition. The total HO2 yield, including the contribution from the slower rise, increases dramatically with temperature from similar to2% at 500 K to similar to 100% at 683 K. From 683 to 723 K the total HO2 yield remains constant. The second slower rise accounts for a majority of the product formation at these higher temperatures. The biexponential time behavior of the HO2 production from c-C5H9 + O-2 is similar to that previously observed in studies of C2H5 + O-2 and C3H7 + O-2 reactions. The-rate of formation for delayed HO2 production from c-G(5)H(9) + O-2 is larger than the rate of formation from either C2H5 + O-2, or C3H7 + O-2, at each temperature. However, apparent activation energies, obtained by an Arrhenius plot of the rates of formation for delayed HO2 formation, are very similar for the three systems (C2K5 + O-2, C3H7 + O-2, and c-C5H9 + O-2) The results suggest a similar coupled mechanism for HO2 production in the C2H5 + O-2, C3H7 + O-2, and c-C5H9 + O-2 reactions, with concerted elimination of HO2 from the RO2 radical responsible for HO2 alkene production. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Taatjes, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 12 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 27 BP 6646 EP 6654 DI 10.1021/jp010364t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 451VR UT WOS:000169823500009 ER PT J AU Lemke, C Schweitzer-Stenner, R Shelnutt, JA Quirke, JME Dreybrodt, W AF Lemke, C Schweitzer-Stenner, R Shelnutt, JA Quirke, JME Dreybrodt, W TI Vibrational analysis of metalloporphyrins with electron-withdrawing NO2 substituents at different meso positions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE-RAMAN; CONFORMATIONAL PROPERTIES; EXCITATION PROFILES; ISOTOPE SHIFTS; HEME-PROTEINS; FORCE-FIELD; IR-SPECTRA; PORPHYRINS; OCTAETHYLPORPHYRIN; SPECTROSCOPY AB The structure of metalloporphyrins is to a major extent determined by its peripheral substituents: To explore the influence of NO2 meso substituents, we have measured polarized resonance Raman spectra of Ni(II)(5-NO2-octaethylporphyrin) and NI(II)(5,15-NO2-octaethylporphyrin) at various excitation wavelengths in the Soret and Q band region in CS2. We obtained very complex and overcrowded spectra that were self-consistently analyzed by a global fitting procedure. This revealed that numerous Raman Lines in the Raman frequency region are composed of sublines. This includes all prominent structural marker lines. Thus, we found that for both substances at least three conformers coexist in solution. The resonance excitation profiles of the corresponding sublines indicate that these conformers exhibit different degrees of nonplanarity. Altogether, the data suggest that the nitro groups destabilize the porphyrin macrocycle and increase conformational heterogeneity. We also performed a normal-mode calculation with a spectroscopically determined molecular mechanics force field for a nonplanar structure of Ni(II)(5,(5-NO2-octaethylporphyrin). This revealed that the NO2 substituents lower the symmetry of some vibrations by vibrational mixing (e.g., for v(4)) and by changing the eigenvectors in particular of low-frequency modes (e.g., of v(8)). C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Phys Expt, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87815 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Schweitzer-Stenner, R (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Rio Piedras Campus,POB 23346, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 12 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 27 BP 6668 EP 6679 DI 10.1021/jp011137u PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 451VR UT WOS:000169823500011 ER PT J AU Schweitzer-Stenner, R Lemke, C Haddad, R Qiu, Y Shelnutt, JA Quirke, JME Dreybrodt, W AF Schweitzer-Stenner, R Lemke, C Haddad, R Qiu, Y Shelnutt, JA Quirke, JME Dreybrodt, W TI Conformational distortions of metalloporphyrins with electron-withdrawing NO2 substituents at different meso positions. A structural analysis by polarized resonance Raman dispersion spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NONPLANAR NICKEL(II) PORPHYRINS; DEPOLARIZATION RATIO; EXCITATION PROFILES; PLANAR; MACROCYCLE; FUNDAMENTALS; PROTEINS; SPECTRA; TERMS; MODES AB The meso substituted NI(II)(5,15-diNO(2)-octaethylporphyrin) coexists in at least three different conformers in CS2. To explore the structural properties of these conformers, we measured the resonance excitation profiles and depolarization ratio dispersions of various prominent Raman lines of Ni(5,15 diNO(2)-octaethylporphyrin) in CS2. The data were analyzed by a theoretical approach, which formulates the Raman tenser in terms of vibronic coupling parameters that depend on static deformations along the normal coordinates. The coupling parameters were determined by simultaneously fitting the depolarization ratio dispersion data and the corresponding resonance excitation profiles. We have also performed molecular mechanics calculations to identify all possible stable conformers of the molecule. To quantify the out-of-plane distortions of the calculated structures, we subjected them to normal coordinate deformation analysis (Jentzen, W.; Song, X.-Z.; Shelnutt, J. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 1684). The results obtained from the Raman data and from molecular modeling are consistent in showing that the most stable conformers are strongly affected by rhombic in-plane (0.3 Angstrom) and ruffling (2;1 Angstrom) and doming (0.5-0.6 Angstrom) out-of-plane distortions. Additionally, smaller contributions from saddling were also obtained (similar to0.1 Angstrom). The three conformers detectable from the analysis of the Raman spectra most likely differ in terms of saddling and doming. The lowest-energy calculated conformers all show a horizontal orientation and out-of-plane position of the NO2 groups with respect to the macrocycle, but the conformers differ in the orientations of the ethyl substituents. Conformers with vertical orientations of the NO2 groups are calculated to be slightly higher in energy. INDO/s calculations reveal that the horizontal NO2 group orientation, and to a lesser extent the vertical orientation, gives rise to a strong admixture between porphyrin and NO2 molecular orbitals, enhancing the above distortions and leading to a break down of the 4-orbital model. A comparison with monosubstituted Ni(II)(5-NO2-OEP) reveals that all distortions increase with increasing number of nitro substituents. Altogether, this study demonstrates that meso nitro substitution of metalloporphyrins has a significant impact on electronic as well as structural properties of the ground and excited electronic states. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. Univ Bremen, FBI, Inst Phys Expt, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Schweitzer-Stenner, R (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Rio Piedras Campus,POB 23346, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 12 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 27 BP 6680 EP 6694 DI 10.1021/jp010936+ PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 451VR UT WOS:000169823500012 ER PT J AU Manaa, MR Fried, LE AF Manaa, MR Fried, LE TI Internal rotation in energetic systems: TATB SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; 1,3,5-TRIAMINO-2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENE AB We report second-order Moller-Plesset (MP2) and density functional (DFT) calculations of the rotational barrier and torsional potential for intramolecular rotation of the nitro group in the energetic system 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). The calculated rotational barrier is 11.0 and 17.9 kcal/mol at the MP2/ 6-311G** and B3LYP/6-311G** levels, respectively, two to three times higher than that of nitrobenzene and nitroethylene. This is attributed to very strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding in this molecule, where the oxygen-hydrogen bond is 1.7-1.8 Angstrom at the equilibrium structure and well below the van der Waals limit of 2.62 Angstrom. The two-dimensional torsional barrier is determined to be 10.5 kcal/mol at the B3LYP/6-311G** level, showing the effects of substantial nuclear relaxation. These results should shed further insight on the unusual stability of TATB. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Manaa, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 12 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 27 BP 6765 EP 6768 DI 10.1021/jp010890k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 451VR UT WOS:000169823500022 ER PT J AU Kelly, SD Kemmer, KM Fryxell, GE Liu, J Mattigod, SV Ferris, KF AF Kelly, SD Kemmer, KM Fryxell, GE Liu, J Mattigod, SV Ferris, KF TI X-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy study of the interactions between contaminant tetrahedral anions and self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; STRUCTURE SPECTRA; SILICA AB Self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports (SAMMSs) have been found to be superior sorbent materials for sequestering environmentally problematic species. Coupling the rich coordination chemistry of transition metal complexes with the SAMMS concept has afforded anion-specific sorbent materials with unprecedented anion binding capabilities. X-ray-absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy is used to investigate the chemical interaction between an interfacially bound copper ethylenediamine complex (Cu(EDA)) and arsenate and chromate anions within these nanoporous hybrid materials. The Cu It-edge XAFS data indicate a structural change of Cu(EDA)(3) caused by the anion bonding, consistent with a lock-and-key mechanism. The As and Cr It-edge features of the normalized absorption data signify As(V) and Cr(VI) in the SAMMS samples. The Cr K-edge data show a distorted CrO4 tetrahedron with two short and two long oxygen distances, whereas the AsO4 tetrahedron is symmetric. The average local structure about Cu, As, and Cr consistently indicate direct Cu-O bond formation, a monodentate linkage between the anion and the Cu(II) cation, and a trigonal bipyramidal geometry of the Cu center in the adduct. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kelly, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Bldg 203,Rm E-113, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 12 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 27 BP 6337 EP 6346 DI 10.1021/jp0045890 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 451VV UT WOS:000169823800011 ER PT J AU Lykken, JD AF Lykken, JD TI High-energy physics - Disappearing dimensions SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lykken, JD (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 12 PY 2001 VL 412 IS 6843 BP 130 EP 131 DI 10.1038/35084306 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 451AJ UT WOS:000169778700028 PM 11449249 ER PT J AU WoldeGabriel, G Haile-Selassie, Y Renne, PR Hart, WK Ambrose, SH Asfaw, B Heiken, G White, T AF WoldeGabriel, G Haile-Selassie, Y Renne, PR Hart, WK Ambrose, SH Asfaw, B Heiken, G White, T TI Geology and palaeontology of the Late Miocene Middle Awash valley, Afar rift, Ethiopia SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EARLY HOMINID; AUSTRALOPITHECUS; CLIMATE; CARBON; AFRICA; ARAMIS AB The Middle Awash study area of Ethiopia's Afar rift has yielded abundant vertebrate fossils (approximate to 10,000), including several hominid taxa(1-4). The study area contains a long sedimentary record spanning Late Miocene (5.3-11.2 Myr ago) to Holocene times. Exposed in a unique tectonic and volcanic transition zone between the main Ethiopian rift (MER) and the Afar rift, sediments along the western Afar rift margin in the Middle Awash provide a unique window on the Late Miocene of Ethiopia. These deposits have now yielded the earliest hominids, described in an accompanying paper(5) and dated here to between 5.54 and 5.77 Myr. These geological and palaeobiological data from the Middle Awash provide fresh perspectives on hominid origins and early evolution. Here we show that these earliest hominids derive from relatively wet and wooded environments that were modulated by tectonic, volcanic, climatic and geomorphic processes. A similar wooded habitat also has been suggested for the 6.0 Myr hominoid fossils recently recovered from Lukeino, Kenya(6). These findings require fundamental reassessment of models that invoke a significant role for global climatic change and/or savannah habitat in the origin of hominids. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Human Evolut Studies Lab, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Rift Valley Res Serv, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP WoldeGabriel, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, EES-6-MS D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 23 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 12 PY 2001 VL 412 IS 6843 BP 175 EP 178 DI 10.1038/35084058 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 451AJ UT WOS:000169778700049 PM 11449271 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H Rizzo, TG AF Davoudiasl, H Rizzo, TG TI Bulk physics at a graviton factory SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID RANDALL-SUNDRUM MODEL; LOCALIZED GRAVITY; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; HIERARCHY; ENERGY; FIELDS AB A general prediction of the 5-d Randall-Sundrum (RS) hierarchy model is the emergence of spin-2 Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons with weak scale masses and couplings. The lowest order L effective theory of the RS model is given by 5-d Einstein gravity which uniquely fixes the self-interactions of gravitons. We demonstrate that large numbers of light KK resonances could be produced at a future lepton-collider-based "Graviton Factory". Measuring the self-interactions of these KK gravitons will probe the accuracy of the 5-d Einstein gravity picture and, in addition, yield indirect information on the as yet untested self-coupling of the 4-d graviton. The self-interactions of the gravitons can be studied by measuring the decays of the heavier states to the lighter ones. Using the AdS/CFT picture, these can be interpreted as the decays of heavier resonances to lighter ones, in a strongly coupled 4-d CFT. We show that these decays have sufficient rates to be studied at future colliders and that they are also, in principle, sensitive to higher derivative operators, such as the Gauss-Bonnet term. In a generalized RS model, with non-universal 5-d fermion masses, FCNC's will be induced. We show that precise measurements of the rare decays of KK graviton/gauge states into flavor non-diagonal final states at a Graviton Factory can be used to map the 5-d fermion mass matrix. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Davoudiasl, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 12 PY 2001 VL 512 IS 1-2 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00704-3 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 451PD UT WOS:000169809700013 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Clavelli, L AF Berger, EL Clavelli, L TI Upsilon decay to a pain of bottom squarks SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED SUSY BREAKING; E+E ANNIHILATION; E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; HEAVY; ALPHA(S); SEARCH; QUARKS; STATES; MESON; QCD AB We calculate the rate for gamma decay into a pair of bottom squarks as a function of the masses of the bottom squark and the gluino. Data from decays of the gamma states could provide significant new bounds on the existence and masses of these supersymmetric particles. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 12 PY 2001 VL 512 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00702-X PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 451PD UT WOS:000169809700015 ER PT J AU Assink, RA Lang, DP Celina, M AF Assink, RA Lang, DP Celina, M TI Condition monitoring of a thermally aged hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)/isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) elastomer by nuclear magnetic resonance cross-polarization recovery times SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB); ramped-amplitude cross-polarization NMR; elongation; polymer degradation; VACP ID NMR; DECOMPOSITION; POLYMERS; MODULUS; HTPB AB A hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)/isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) elastomer is commonly used as propellant binder material. The thermal degradation of the binder is believed to be an important parameter governing the performance of the propellant. The aging of these binders can be monitored by mechanical property measurements, such as modulus or tensile elongation. These techniques, however, are not easily adapted to binder agents that are dispersed throughout a propellant. In this paper we investigated solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times as a means to predict the mechanical properties of the binder as a function of aging time. Proton (H-1) spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times were insensitive to the degree of thermal degradation of the elastomer. Apparently, these relaxation times depend on localized motions that are only weakly correlated with mechanical properties. A strong correlation was found between the C-13 cross-polarization (CP) NMR time constant, T-cp, and the tensile elongation at break of the elastomer as a function of aging time. A ramped-amplitude CP experiment was less sensitive to imperfections in setting critical instrumental parameters for this mobile material. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Assink, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 11 PY 2001 VL 81 IS 2 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1002/app.1457 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 430UG UT WOS:000168593400021 ER PT J AU Ogura, H Yatsunyk, L Medforth, CJ Smith, KM Barkigia, RM Renner, MW Melamed, D Walker, FA AF Ogura, H Yatsunyk, L Medforth, CJ Smith, KM Barkigia, RM Renner, MW Melamed, D Walker, FA TI Molecular structures and magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigations of highly distorted six-coordinate low-spin iron(III) porphyrinate complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID AXIAL LIGAND ORIENTATION; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS SUCCINATE; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDOREDUCTASE; LIGHT-ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; NONPLANAR HEME DISTORTIONS; BASKET-HANDLE PORPHYRINS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RATE CONSTANTS AB Three bis-axially ligated complexes of iron(III) octaethyltetraphenylporphyrin, (OETPP)Fe-III, have been prepared, which are low-spin complexes, each with two axial nitrogen-donor ligands (N-methylimidazole (N-MeIm), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (4-NMe2Py), and 2-methylimidazole (2-MeImH)). The crystal and molecular structure of the bis-(2-MelmH) complex shows the macrocycle to be in a saddled conformation, with the ligands in perpendicular planes aligned at 14 degrees to the polphyrin nitrogens so as to relieve the steric interaction between the 2-methyl groups and the porphyrin. The Fe-N(por) bond lengths are typical of nonplanar six-coordinate low-spin Fe-III complexes, while the axial Fe-N(ax) bond lengths are substantially longer than those of [(TPP)Fe(2-MeImH)(2)](+) (2.09(2) Angstrom as compared to 2.015(4) and 2.010(4) Angstrom). The crystal and molecular structure of the bis-(4-NMe2Py) complex also shows the macrocycle to be in a mainly saddled conformation, but with a significant ruffled component. As a result, the average Fe-N(por) bonds are significantly shorter (1.951 Angstrom as compared to 1.974 Angstrom) than those of the bis-(2-MeImH) complex. One ligand is aligned at 9 degrees to two trans porphyrin nitrogens, while the other is at 79 degrees to the same porphyrin nitrogens, producing a dihedral angle of 70 degrees between the ligand planes. The EPR spectrum of this complex, like that of the bis-(2-MeImH) complex, is of the "large g(max)" type, with g(max) = 3.29 and 3.26, respectively. However, in frozen CD2Cl2, [(OETPP)Fe(N-Melm)(2)](+) exhibits both "large g(max)" and normal rhombic signals, suggesting the presence of both "perpendicular" and "parallel" ligand orientations. The 1- and 2D H-1 NMR spectra of each of these complexes, as well as the chloroiron(III) starting material, were investigated as a function of temperature. The COSY and NOESY/EXSY spectra of the chloride complex are consistent with the expected J-coupling and saddle inversion dynamics, respectively. Complete spectral assignments for the bis-(N-MeIm) and -(4-NMe2Py) complexes have been made using 2D H-1 NMR techniques. In each case, the number of resonances due to methylene (two) and phenyl protons (one each) is consistent with D-2d symmetry, and therefore an effective perpendicular orientation of the axial ligands on the time scale of the NMR experiments. The temperature dependences of the H-1 resonances of these complexes show significant deviations from Curie behavior, and also evidence of extensive ligand exchange and rotation. Spectral assignment of the eight methylene resonances of the bis-(2-MelmH) complex to the four ethyl groups was possible through the use of 2D H-1 NMR techniques. The complex is fluxional, even at -90 degreesC, and ROESY data suggest that the predominant process is saddle inversion accompanied by simultaneous rotation of the axial ligands. Saddle inversion becomes slow on the 2D NMR time scale as the temperature is lowered in the ligand order of N-MeIm > 4-NMe2Py > 2-MeImH, probably due mainly to progressive destabilization of the ground state rather than progressive stabilization of the transition state of the increasingly "hindered" bis-ligand complexes. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Walker, FA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Medforth, Craig/D-8210-2013; REQUIMTE, FMN/M-5611-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013; Smith, Kevin/G-1453-2011; Walker, Frances/O-4395-2016 OI Medforth, Craig/0000-0003-3046-4909; Smith, Kevin/0000-0002-6736-4779; FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 22252]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 31038] NR 122 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 27 BP 6564 EP 6578 DI 10.1021/ja004053s PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 452AQ UT WOS:000169835300012 PM 11439043 ER PT J AU Sohlberg, K Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ AF Sohlberg, K Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ TI Interactions of hydrogen with CeO2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SITU X-RAY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SURFACE-AREA; CERIA; REDUCTION; CATALYSTS; DIFFRACTION; BEHAVIOR; STORAGE; ENERGY AB The interactions of hydrogen with ceria have been the subject of several experimental studies, but whether hydrogen atoms enter the bulk or are merely chemisorbed on the surfaces is disputed. We combine first-principles calculations with thermodynamic arguments and conclude that the uptake of small amounts of hydrogen by ceria is spontaneous below 665 K. The calculations also predict that hydrogen atoms within the bulk form hydroxyl groups and slightly expand the lattice. The predicted hydrogen content, OH vibrational frequency, and ceria lattice expansion upon hydrogen uptake are consistent with available data. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 28 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 27 BP 6609 EP 6611 DI 10.1021/ja004008k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 452AQ UT WOS:000169835300016 PM 11439047 ER PT J AU Pla-Dalmau, A Bross, AD Mellott, KL AF Pla-Dalmau, A Bross, AD Mellott, KL TI Low-cost extruded plastic scintillator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE scintillation; neutrino detector; calorimeter AB Motivated by a need for lower cost plastic scintillation detectors, we have tested commercially available polystyrene pellets in order to produce scintillating materials that can be extruded into various shapes. Selection of the raw materials is discussed. Two techniques are described that add wavelength shifting dopants, to polystyrene pellets and extrude plastic scintillating bars using these materials. Data on light yield and transmittance are presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bross, AD (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Mail Stn 121,WH 9E,POB 5000, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2001 VL 466 IS 3 BP 482 EP 491 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00177-2 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 456UN UT WOS:000170100800007 ER PT J AU Canalizo, G Stockton, A AF Canalizo, G Stockton, A TI Quasi-stellar objects, ultraluminous infrared galaxies, and mergers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : infrared; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : starburst; quasars : individual (IRAS 00275-2859, IRAS 04505-2958, PG 1543+489, I Zw 1) ID BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE; STARBURST-AGN CONNECTION; NEARBY LUMINOUS QUASARS; SPACE-TELESCOPE IMAGES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIO-QUIET QUASARS; FE-II-EMISSION; HOST GALAXIES; IRAS GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES AB We test the hypothesis that QSOs are formed via strong tidal interactions or mergers, initially going through an ultraluminous infrared phase. Our approach is to look for traces of this phase in the host galaxies of QSOs. We select a sample of low-redshift bona Dde QSOs that may be in a transitionary stage between ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIGs) and QSOs. These objects, which we call transition QSOs, have an intermediate position in the far-infrared color-color diagram between the regions occupied by the two classes of objects. We carry out a systematic spectroscopic and imaging study of these objects in order to determine their interaction and star-forming histories. By modeling the spectra, we obtain ages for the recent starburst events in the host galaxies and interacting companions. We have discussed the first five objects in the sample in detail in previous publications; here we present results for the remaining four objects, and discuss the sample as a whole. We find that all nine transition QSOs are undergoing tidal interactions and that eight are major mergers. Every object also shows strong recent star-forming activity, and in at least eight cases this activity is directly related to the tidal interaction. The ages we derive for the starburst populations range from currently active star formation in some objects to poststarburst ages less than or similar to 300 Myr in others. There is also a clear connection between interactions, starbursts, and QSO activity. Seven of the QSOs in the sample are also ULIGs; statistical considerations show that the two phenomena are necessarily physically related in these objects. Our results imply one of two scenarios : (1) at least some ULIGs evolve to become classical QSOs, and the transition stage lasts less than or similar to 300 Myr; or (2) at least some QSOs are born under the same conditions as ULIGs, and their lifetime as QSOs lasts less than or similar to 300 Myr. We discuss other properties and trends found in the sample, and propose a model that accounts for all of them, as well as the youth of these systems. C1 Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 160 TC 271 Z9 272 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2001 VL 555 IS 2 BP 719 EP 743 DI 10.1086/321520 PN 1 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 453YR UT WOS:000169946200016 ER PT J AU Nakamura, T Umeda, H Iwamoto, K Nomoto, K Hashimoto, MA Hix, WR Thielemann, FK AF Nakamura, T Umeda, H Iwamoto, K Nomoto, K Hashimoto, MA Hix, WR Thielemann, FK TI Explosive nucleosynthesis in hypernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : evolution; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : abundances; supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 1998bw) ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; METAL-POOR STARS; 25 APRIL 1998; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; LIGHT-CURVE; II SUPERNOVAE; BLACK-HOLE; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM AB We examine the characteristics of nucleosynthesis in "hypernovae," i.e., supernovae with very large explosion energies (greater than or similar to 10(52) ergs). We carry out detailed nucleosynthesis calculations for these energetic explosions and compare the yields with those of ordinary core-collapse supernovae. We find that both complete and incomplete Si-burning takes place over more extended, lower density regions, so that the alpha -rich freezeout is enhanced and produces more Ti in comparison with ordinary supernova nucleosynthesis. In addition, oxygen and carbon burning takes place in more extended, lower density regions than in ordinary supernovae. Therefore, the fuel elements O, C, and Al are less abundant, while a larger amount of Si, S, Ar, and Ca ("Si") are synthesized by oxygen burning; this leads to larger ratios of "Si"/O in the ejecta. Enhancement of the mass ratio between complete and incomplete Si-burning regions in the ejecta may explain the abundance ratios among iron-peak elements in metal-poor stars. Also the enhanced "Si"/O ratio may explain the abundance ratios observed in star burst galaxies. We also discuss other implications of enhanced [Ti/Fe] and [Fe/O] for Galactic chemical evolution and the abundances of low-mass black hole binaries. C1 Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo, Japan. Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 101, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. RP Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo, Japan. EM nakamura@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; umeda@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; iwamoto@toile.phys.cst.nihon-u.ac.jp; nomoto@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; hashi@gemini.rc.kyushu-u.ac.jp; raph@mail.phy.ornl.gov; fkt@quasar.physik.unibas.ch RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Nomoto, Ken'ichi/A-4393-2011 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; NR 79 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2001 VL 555 IS 2 BP 880 EP 899 DI 10.1086/321495 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 453YR UT WOS:000169946200031 ER PT J AU Pickering, IJ George, GN Yu, EY Brune, DC Tuschak, C Overmann, J Beatty, JT Prince, RC AF Pickering, IJ George, GN Yu, EY Brune, DC Tuschak, C Overmann, J Beatty, JT Prince, RC TI Analysis of sulfur biochemistry of sulfur bacteria using X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GREEN PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIUM; CHROMATIUM-VINOSUM; SELF-ABSORPTION; GLOBULES; PROGRAM; SPECTRA AB Many sulfide-oxidizing organisms, including the photosynthetic sulfur bacteria, store sulfur in "sulfur globules" that are readily detected microscopically. The chemical form of sulfur in these globules is currently the focus of a debate, because they have been described as "liquid" by some observers, although no known allotrope of sulfur is liquid at physiological temperatures. In the present work we have used sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy to identify and quantify the chemical forms of sulfur in a variety of bacterial cells, including photosynthetic sulfur bacteria. We have also taken advantage of X-ray fluorescence self-absorption to derive estimates of the size and density of the sulfur globules in photosynthetic bacteria. We find that the form of sulfur that most resembles the globule sulfur is simply solid Ss, rather than more exotic forms previously proposed. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP George, GN (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, MS 69,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM57375] NR 24 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 10 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 27 BP 8138 EP 8145 DI 10.1021/bi0105532 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 451ZV UT WOS:000169833400021 PM 11434783 ER PT J AU Jones, RE Papadopoulos, P AF Jones, RE Papadopoulos, P TI A novel three-dimensional contact finite element based on smooth pressure interpolations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite element method; three-dimensional contact; Lagrange multipliers ID FORMULATION AB This article proposes a new three-dimensional contact finite element which employs continuous and weakly coupled pressure interpolations on each of the interacting boundaries. The resulting formulation circumvents the geometric bias of one-pass methods, as well as the surface locking of traditional two-pass node-on-surface methods. A Lagrange multiplier implementation of the proposed element is validated for frictionless quasi-static contact by a series of numerical simulations. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9405, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-5981 EI 1097-0207 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUL 10 PY 2001 VL 51 IS 7 BP 791 EP 811 DI 10.1002/nme.163.abs PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 444ZW UT WOS:000169433300003 ER PT J AU Pokrovski, K Jung, KT Bell, AT AF Pokrovski, K Jung, KT Bell, AT TI Investigation of CO and CO2 adsorption on tetragonal and monoclinic zirconia SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHANOL SYNTHESIS; DIMETHYL CARBONATE; SURFACE-ACIDITY; CATALYSTS; CU/ZRO2/SIO2; POLYMORPHS; CU/SIO2; OXIDE; FTIR AB The adsorption of CO and CO2 on tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 was investigated using infrared spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption spectroscopy. For this study, samples were prepared of tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) with surface areas of 20 and 187 m(2)/g and of monoclinic ZrO2 (m-ZrO2) with surface areas of 19 and 110 m(2)/g. The CO2 adsorption capacity of m-ZrO2 is more than an order of magnitude higher than that of t-ZrO2. The principal species observed on m-ZrO2 are HCO3- and m- and b-CO32- whereas the principal species observed on t-ZrO2 are p- and b-CO3-. The higher CO2 adsorption capacity of m-ZrO2 is attributed to the higher concentration and basicity of the hydroxyl groups on this polymorph, as well as the stronger Lewis acidity of Zr-4(+) cations and the stronger Leu is basicity of O2- anions. Depending on the adsorption temperature, the CO adsorption capacity of m ZrO2 is 5- to 10-fold higher than that of t-ZrO2. Below 450 K, CO is adsorbed as HCO3- and CO32- species on both polymorphs of ZrO2. At higher temperatures, only CO32- and HCOO species are observed. The CO adsorption capacity of m-ZrO2 is higher than that of t-ZrO2 because of the greater strength of the adsorption centers on this phase. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 22 TC 176 Z9 177 U1 11 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 10 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 14 BP 4297 EP 4303 DI 10.1021/la001723z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 451ZL UT WOS:000169832600024 ER PT J AU Zhang, YM Ge, S Tang, B Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC Peiffer, DG Li, Z Dias, AJ McElrath, KO Satija, SK Lin, MY Nguyen, D AF Zhang, YM Ge, S Tang, B Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC Peiffer, DG Li, Z Dias, AJ McElrath, KO Satija, SK Lin, MY Nguyen, D TI Reduced mobility of elastomers near a solid surface as measured by neutron reflectometry SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID POLYMER MOBILITY; FILMS; DIFFUSION; INTERFACE; BLENDS; MELTS; LONG AB The effects of an interacting, hydrophobic silicon surface on the interfacial properties of the immiscible polymer blend polybutadiene (PB) and brominated poly(isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene) (BIMS) were studied using neutron reflectivity (NR), The results show that an adsorbed polymer layer, approximately 2R(g)(R-g is the radius of gyration) thick, is always present at the silicon interface. This observation confirms the existence of an immobile gel-like layer which was invoked by numerous authors to explain the reduced dynamics and anomalous theological properties of polymers at long distances from interactive substrates. The attractive substrate was also shown to affect the equilibrium interfacial width between the immiscible polymers. Narrowing of the interfacial width was observed only when the layer adjacent to the silicon substrate was less than 3R(g) thick, indicating that only chains in direct contact with the interface were affected. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Exxon Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Exxon Chem Co, Div Polymer Sci, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. Exxon Chem Co, Butyl Technol Div, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutrol res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. ExxonMobil Chem Co, Butyl Technol Div, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. RP Rafailovich, MH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 10 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 14 BP 4437 EP 4442 DI 10.1021/la0100789 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 451ZL UT WOS:000169832600046 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, DV Kirchbach, M AF Ahluwalia, DV Kirchbach, M TI (1/2,1/2) representation space - An ab initio construct SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Lorentz group; discrete symmetries; massive gauge fields AB A careful ab initio construction of the finite-mass (1/2, 1/2) representation space of the Lorentz group reveals it to be a spin-parity multiplet. In general, it does not lend itself to a single-spin interpretation. We find that the (1/2,1/2) representation space for massive particles naturally bifurcates into a triplet and a singlet of opposite relative intrinsic parties. The textbook separation into spin-1 and spin-0 states occurs only for certain limited kinematical settings. We construct a wave equation for the (1/2, 1/2) multiplet, and show that the particles and antiparticles in this representation space do not carry a definite spin but only a definite relative intrinsic parity. In general, both spin-1 and spin-0 are covariantly inseparable inhabitants of massive vector fields. This last observation suggests that scalar particles, such as the Higgs, are natural inhabitants of massive (1/2, 1/2) representation space. C1 Univ Aut Zacatecas, Fac Fis, Theoret Phys Grp, ISGBG, Zacatecas 98062, Mexico. RP Ahluwalia, DV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp P-25,Mail Stop H-846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 10 PY 2001 VL 16 IS 21 BP 1377 EP 1383 DI 10.1142/S0217732301004613 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463LA UT WOS:000170476600004 ER PT J AU Foster, NS Amonette, JE Autrey, T Ho, JT AF Foster, NS Amonette, JE Autrey, T Ho, JT TI Detection of trace levels of water in oil by photoacoustic spectroscopy SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE photoacoustic; water; oil; spectroscopy; optoacoustic; sensor; infrared, FTIR AB We have demonstrated the feasibility of non-destructively analyzing trace levels of water in petroleum-based transmission and hydraulic oils and in a synthetic polyol ester engine-lubricating oil using photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) at a wavelength of 2.93 mum. Using the method of standard additions, detection limits of 45, 60, and 515 ppm were obtained for water in the transmission, hydraulic, and synthetic engine oils, respectively. Lower sensitivity for water in the synthetic polyol ester oil was due to a 0.16 mum shift in the water absorption maximum from the wavelength used for the other oils. A detection limit of 62 ppm was also observed for analysis of water in standard reference material (SRM) 8507 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which is a petroleum oil having a nominal water content of 77 ppm. The results for the petroleum-based oils exceed the current best detection limits of approximately 100 ppm obtained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and compare favorably with the desired detection limits for water in oil of 10-50 ppm. Factors involved in implementing this technology in on-line sensors are discussed, (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Foster, NS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-96,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUL 10 PY 2001 VL 77 IS 3 BP 620 EP 624 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00767-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 454DL UT WOS:000169957100004 ER PT J AU Liu, SD Wu, SY Zhang, ZY AF Liu, SD Wu, SY Zhang, ZY TI Change of island density due to multi-channels of adatom diffusion SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE models of surface kinetics; growth; surface diffusion; self-assembly; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; adsorption kinetics; atomistic dynamics ID THIN-FILM GROWTH; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; SURFACTANT; NUCLEATION; AG(111); ADSORPTION; SB AB Recent experimental studies on surfactant-assisted thin film growth indicate that there is a strong possibility that adatoms can diffuse both on top of and under the surfactant layer. We present here a model of growth to study the effects of multi-chancels of diffusion on the island density. We find that there can be four different regimes as temperature of growth increases from low to very high values. We find that there is a scaling relation of island density with deposition flux and temperature in each regime. The transition temperatures are found to be connected to the system parameters such as barriers to diffusion. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Phys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, SD (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Phys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 2001 VL 486 IS 3 BP 208 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)00997-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 459HC UT WOS:000170244100018 ER PT J AU Balberg, I Naidis, R Lee, MK Shinar, J Fonseca, LF AF Balberg, I Naidis, R Lee, MK Shinar, J Fonseca, LF TI Bipolar phototransport in pi-conjugated polymer/C-60 composites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; C-60 FILMS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT; FULLERENE; TRANSIENT; SILICON AB Conjugated polymer/fullerene composite films that exhibit steady-state phototransport properties of a unipolar or bipolar photoconductor, depending on the relative concentration of the components, are described. The observed behavior of the composites, in which each component has its own percolation path but its carrier content is not high enough to quench the carriers in the other component, is shown to be due to the coupling of the recombination processes in the two components. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. RP Balberg, I (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 2 BP 197 EP 199 DI 10.1063/1.1383801 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZJ UT WOS:000169659600019 ER PT J AU Tardio, M Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y Kokta, MR AF Tardio, M Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y Kokta, MR TI High temperature semiconducting characteristics of magnesium-doped alpha-Al2O3 single crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTION AB In the temperature interval 300-773 K, ac and dc electrical measurements show a phenomenally large enhancement of the electrical conductivity of otherwise excellent insulator Al2O3 crystals when doped with magnesium impurities. The conductivity increases linearly with the concentration of hole-trapped [Mg](0) centers and is four times higher in the direction parallel to the crystallographic c axis than in the perpendicular direction. The conductivity activation energy is 0.68 eV, independent of both [Mg](0) content and crystallographic orientation. Electroluminescence experiments indicate that holes are the majority carriers. These results favor the small-polaron-motion mechanism. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. US DOE, Div Mat Sci, Off Basic Energy Sci, SC 13, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. Bicron Crystal Prod, Washougal, WA 98671 USA. RP Tardio, M (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Avda Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. RI Ramirez Jimenez, Rafael/I-1769-2015; TARDIO LOPEZ, MIGUEL M./G-3177-2016 OI TARDIO LOPEZ, MIGUEL M./0000-0001-7413-0009 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 2 BP 206 EP 208 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZJ UT WOS:000169659600022 ER PT J AU Shinde, SR Ogale, SB Greene, RL Venkatesan, T Canfield, PC Bud'ko, SL Lapertot, G Petrovic, C AF Shinde, SR Ogale, SB Greene, RL Venkatesan, T Canfield, PC Bud'ko, SL Lapertot, G Petrovic, C TI Superconducting MgB2 thin films by pulsed laser deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Growth of MgB2 thin films by pulsed laser deposition is examined under ex situ and in situ processing conditions. For the ex situ process, boron films grown by pulsed laser deposition were annealed at 900 degreesC with excess Mg. For the in situ process, different approaches involving ablation from a stoichiometric target under different growth conditions, as well as multilayer deposition involving interposed Mg layers were examined and analyzed. Magnetic measurements on ex situ processed films show T-c of similar to 39 K, while the current best in situ films show a susceptibility transition at similar to 22 K. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Nucl Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shinde, SR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI LAPERTOT, Gerard/B-3354-2008; Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; NR 5 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 2 BP 227 EP 229 DI 10.1063/1.1385186 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZJ UT WOS:000169659600029 ER PT J AU Zheludev, A Maslov, S Yokoo, T Raymond, S Nagler, SE Akimitsu, J AF Zheludev, A Maslov, S Yokoo, T Raymond, S Nagler, SE Akimitsu, J TI Quantum and classical dynamics in mixed-spin one-dimensional antiferromagnets SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID STAGGERED MAGNETIC-FIELD; HALDANE-GAP EXCITATIONS; SOFT-MODE TRANSITION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CHAIN; ND2BANIO5; Y2BANIO5; CSNICL3; (NDXY1-X)(2)BANIO5; PR2BANIO5 AB Mixed-spin systems composed of quantum spin chains with gapped magnetic excitations interacting through 'auxiliary' magnetic ions show an effective separation between low-frequency classical and high-frequency quantum spin correlations. This phenomenon is realized in a family of rare-earth nickelates. Studies of these materials enable experimental measurements of some previously inaccessible fundamental properties of quantum spin chains to be made. The non-trivial intrinsic dynamics of the auxiliary spins gives rise to peculiar excitations of a mixed nature, and in certain cases may play a key role in long-range magnetic ordering. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 157, Japan. CEA, DRFMC, SPSMS, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zheludev, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Maslov, Sergei/C-2397-2009 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 9 PY 2001 VL 13 IS 27 BP R525 EP R536 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/13/27/202 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 456GX UT WOS:000170075700008 ER PT J AU Boggs, DJ AF Boggs, DJ TI Power politics SO NEW REPUBLIC LA English DT Letter C1 US DOE, Louisville, KY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW REPUBLIC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 19TH ST NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0028-6583 J9 NEW REPUBLIC JI New Repub. PD JUL 9 PY 2001 VL 225 IS 2-3 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 448FB UT WOS:000169615300002 ER PT J AU Alavi-Harati, A Alexopoulos, T Arenton, M Arisaka, K Averitte, S Barker, AR Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Belz, J Ben-David, R Bergman, DR Blucher, E Bock, GJ Bown, C Bright, S Cheu, E Childress, S Coleman, R Corcoran, MD Corti, G Cox, B Crisler, MB Erwin, AR Ford, R Glazov, A Golossanov, A Graham, G Graham, J Hagan, K Halkiadakis, E Hamm, J Hanagaki, K Hidaka, S Hsiung, YB Jejer, V Jensen, DA Kessler, R Kobrak, HGE LaDue, J Lath, A Ledovskoy, A McBride, PL Mikelsons, P Monnier, E Nakaya, T Nelson, KS Nguyen, H O'Dell, V Pang, M Pordes, R Prasad, V Quinn, B Ramberg, EJ Ray, RE Roodman, A Sadamoto, M Schnetzer, S Senyo, K Shanahan, P Shawhan, PS Shields, J Slater, W Solomey, N Somalwar, SV Stone, RL Suzuki, I Swallow, EC Taegar, SA Tesarek, RJ Thomson, GB Toale, PA Tripathi, A Tschirhart, R Turner, SE Uchizawa, T Wah, YW Wang, J White, HB Whitmore, J Winstein, B Winston, R Yamanaka, T Zimmerman, ED AF Alavi-Harati, A Alexopoulos, T Arenton, M Arisaka, K Averitte, S Barker, AR Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Belz, J Ben-David, R Bergman, DR Blucher, E Bock, GJ Bown, C Bright, S Cheu, E Childress, S Coleman, R Corcoran, MD Corti, G Cox, B Crisler, MB Erwin, AR Ford, R Glazov, A Golossanov, A Graham, G Graham, J Hagan, K Halkiadakis, E Hamm, J Hanagaki, K Hidaka, S Hsiung, YB Jejer, V Jensen, DA Kessler, R Kobrak, HGE LaDue, J Lath, A Ledovskoy, A McBride, PL Mikelsons, P Monnier, E Nakaya, T Nelson, KS Nguyen, H O'Dell, V Pang, M Pordes, R Prasad, V Quinn, B Ramberg, EJ Ray, RE Roodman, A Sadamoto, M Schnetzer, S Senyo, K Shanahan, P Shawhan, PS Shields, J Slater, W Solomey, N Somalwar, SV Stone, RL Suzuki, I Swallow, EC Taegar, SA Tesarek, RJ Thomson, GB Toale, PA Tripathi, A Tschirhart, R Turner, SE Uchizawa, T Wah, YW Wang, J White, HB Whitmore, J Winstein, B Winston, R Yamanaka, T Zimmerman, ED CA KTeV Collaboration TI First observation of the decay K-L -> pi(0)e(+)e(-)gamma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID K-L->PI(0)GAMMA-E(+)E(-); CP AB We report on the first observation of the decay K-L --> pi (0)e(+)e(-)gamma by the KTeV E799 experiment at Fermilab. Based upon a sample of 48 events with an estimated background of 3.6 +/- 1.1 events, we measure the K-L --> pi (0)e(+)e(-)gamma branching ratio to be (2.34 +/- 0.35 +/- 0.13) x 10(-8). Our data agree with recent O(p(6)) calculations in chiral perturbation theory that include contributions from vector meson exchange through the parameter a(V). A fit was made to the K-L --> pi (0)e(+)e(-)gamma data for a(V) with the result -0.67 +/- 0.21 +/- 0.12, which is consistent with previous results from KTeV. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Elmhurst Coll, Elmhurst, IL 60126 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Osaka Univ, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Virginia, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Graham, G (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 2 AR 021801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.021801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451VM UT WOS:000169823100004 PM 11497879 ER PT J AU d'Enterria, DG Aphecetche, L Chbihi, A Delagrange, H Diaz, J van Goethem, MJ Hoefman, M Kugler, A Lohner, H Martinez, G Mora, MJ Ortega, R Ostendorf, RW Schadmand, S Schutz, Y Siemssen, RH Stracener, D Tlusty, P Turrisi, R Volkerts, M Wagner, V Wilschut, HW Yahlali, N AF d'Enterria, DG Aphecetche, L Chbihi, A Delagrange, H Diaz, J van Goethem, MJ Hoefman, M Kugler, A Lohner, H Martinez, G Mora, MJ Ortega, R Ostendorf, RW Schadmand, S Schutz, Y Siemssen, RH Stracener, D Tlusty, P Turrisi, R Volkerts, M Wagner, V Wilschut, HW Yahlali, N TI Evidence for thermal equilibration in multifragmentation reactions probed with bremsstrahlung photons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR-MATTER; PARTICLES; TAPS; HOT AB The production of nuclear bremsstrahlung photons (E-gamma > 30 MeV) has been studied in inclusive and exclusive measurements in four heavy-ion reactions at 60A MeV. The measured photon spectra, angular distributions, and multiplicities indicate that a significant fraction of the hard photons is emitted in secondary nucleon-nucleon collisions from a thermally equilibrated system. The observation of the thermal component in multifragment Ar-36 + Au-197 reactions suggests that the breakup of the thermalized source produced in this system occurs on a rather long time scale. C1 Grand Accelerateur Natl Ions Lourds, F-14076 Caen 5, France. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Kernfys Versneller Inst, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Grp Fis Radiac, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 2, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP d'Enterria, DG (reprint author), SUBATECH, BP 20722, F-44307 Nantes, France. RI Diaz, Jose/B-3454-2012; Turrisi, Rosario/H-4933-2012; Lohner, Herbert/B-2397-2014; YAHLALI, NADIA/L-1880-2014 OI Diaz, Jose/0000-0002-7239-223X; Lohner, Herbert/0000-0002-7441-739X; YAHLALI, NADIA/0000-0003-2184-0132 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 2 AR 022701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.022701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451VM UT WOS:000169823100011 ER PT J AU Yoo, K Weitering, HH AF Yoo, K Weitering, HH TI Surface conductance near the order-disorder phase transition on Si(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI(001); RESISTIVITY; DEFECTS; SI(111) AB The surface conductance of the Si(100)-(2 x 1) surface was measured as a function of temperature on a fully depleted Si(100)/SiO2/Si substrate. The surface-state conductance is surprisingly large and reveals a clear signature of the c(4 x 2) --> 2 x 1 order-disorder phase transition of buckled Si dimers on Si(100). Surface scattering increases with decreasing c(4 x 2) order on the surface. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. Delft Univ Technol, DIMES, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. RP Yoo, K (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 2 AR 026802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451VM UT WOS:000169823100026 ER PT J AU Tretiak, S Saxena, A Martin, RL Bishop, AR AF Tretiak, S Saxena, A Martin, RL Bishop, AR TI Collective electronic oscillator/semiempirical calculations of static nonlinear polarizabilities in conjugated molecules SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE-TRANSFER; DIFFERENTIAL-OVERLAP TECHNIQUE; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER DIODES; PUSH-PULL POLYENES; OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES; INTERMEDIATE NEGLECT; ORBITAL THEORY; DONOR/ACCEPTOR POLYENES; OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES; GROUND-STATES AB The collective electronic oscillator (CEO) approach based on the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation is combined with INDO/S, MNDO, AM1, and PM3 semiempirical Hamiltonians. This technique is applied to compute and analyze the static nonlinear polarizabilities of a series of donor/acceptor substituted oligomers. To mimic the experimental conditions, polarizabilities in substituted molecules are calculated for the isolated complex and in a dielectric medium, wherein the solvent contributions are incorporated using the self-consistent reaction field approach. The dielectric environment significantly increases second and third order static polarizabilities and considerably improves the agreement with experimental data. We find that calculated spectroscopic observables agree well with experimental values. We conclude that the CEO/semiempirical approach is an inexpensive and numerically efficient method of computing nonlinear molecular properties. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tretiak, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM serg@cnls.lanl.gov RI Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647 NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 2 BP 699 EP 707 DI 10.1063/1.1377035 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 448ZW UT WOS:000169660700013 ER PT J AU Kedziora, GS Pople, JA Ratner, MA Redfern, PC Curtiss, LA AF Kedziora, GS Pople, JA Ratner, MA Redfern, PC Curtiss, LA TI Scalar relativistic effects on energies of molecules containing atoms from hydrogen through argon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; ATOMIZATION ENERGIES; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; AB-INITIO; FIRST-ROW; GAUSSIAN-3; FOCK; SET AB Stationary direct perturbation theory is used to calculate a scalar relativistic correction to the species in the G3/99 test set. We observe that the relativistic energy almost always reduces atomization energies, electron affinities, and ionization potentials. Exceptions occur when s orbitals play a predominant role in the energy differences between reactants and products. The scalar relativistic energy, when added to G3 theory and the empirical parameters are reoptimized, gives slightly worse agreement with experiment. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kedziora, GS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 2 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.1063/1.1374928 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 448ZW UT WOS:000169660700015 ER PT J AU Majumdar, D Balasubramanian, K AF Majumdar, D Balasubramanian, K TI Theoretical study of the electronic states of small cationic niobium clusters, Nb-n(+) (n=3-5) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; METAL-CLUSTERS; FT-ICR; CHEMISORPTION; REACTIVITY; GEOMETRIES; ANIONS; TRIMER; IONS AB Geometries and energy separations of the various low-lying electronic states of Nb-n(+) (n=3-5) clusters with different structural arrangements have been investigated. The complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field (CASMCSCF) method followed by the multireference singles plus doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) that included up to 13 million configuration spin functions have been used to compute several electronic states of these clusters. A (5)A(2) isosceles triangle geometry in C-2v symmetry and a (2)A' pyramid structure in C-s symmetry are computed as the ground states of Nb-3(+) and Nb-4(+) clusters, respectively. In the case of Nb-5(+), a (1)A' state of distorted edge-capped tetrahedral structure (in C-s symmetry) was found to be the ground state. We also compared our MRSDCI results with density functional calculations. The dissociation and atomization energies have been calculated at the MRSDCI level and the results have been found to be in agreement with experimental findings. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, POB 808,L-794, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 2 BP 885 EP 898 DI 10.1063/1.1377879 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 448ZW UT WOS:000169660700038 ER PT J AU Wilcoxon, JP Martin, JE Provencio, P AF Wilcoxon, JP Martin, JE Provencio, P TI Optical properties of gold and silver nanoclusters investigated by liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS; ABSORPTION; MOLECULES; PARTICLES; MICELLES; SPECTRA AB We report high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and transmission electron microscopy studies of the size-dependent absorbance properties of Au and Ag nanoclusters dispersed in organic solvents. These nanosize metal clusters are synthesized by an inverse micelle synthetic technique at room temperature in inert oils and those investigated range in diameter from 1.3-8 nm. HPLC allows us to separate the clusters from all other chemicals and size select to a resolution of +/-2 Angstrom. We use an on-line photodiode array to study the size-dependent absorbance properties of these clusters. For both Au and Ag clusters in the size range d=8 to d=1.5 nm, the plasmon linewidth broadens following a 1/R linewidth size dependence whose slope is greatest for Au. The peak asymmetry in the plasmon band shape is greatest for Au and increases with decreasing size for both Au and Ag clusters. The plasmon peak energy blue shifts with decreasing size for Au clusters while in the case of Ag nanoclusters a red shift is observed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Adv Mat Chem Dept 1122, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Adv Mat Chem Dept 1122, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jpwilco.@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 2 BP 998 EP 1008 DI 10.1063/1.1380374 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 448ZW UT WOS:000169660700051 ER PT J AU Nellis, WJ Hamilton, DC Mitchell, AC AF Nellis, WJ Hamilton, DC Mitchell, AC TI Electrical conductivities of methane, benzene, and polybutene shock compressed to 60 GPa (600 kbar) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID CARBON; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; METALLIC CONDUCTIVITY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WAVE COMPRESSION; 1.4 MBAR; 900 KBAR; HYDROGEN; PRESSURE; STATE AB Electrical conductivities were measured for methane, benzene, and polybutene shock compressed to pressures in the range 20 to 60 GPa (600 kbar) and temperatures in the range 2000 to 4000 K achieved with a two-stage light-gas gun. The data for methane and benzene are interpreted simply in terms of chemical decomposition into diamondlike, defected C nanoparticles and fluid H-2 and their relative abundances (C:H-2), 1:2 for methane and 2:1 for benzene. The measured conductivities suggest that conduction flows predominately through the majority species, H-2 for methane and C for benzene. These data also suggest that methane is in a range of shock pressures in which dissociation increases continuously from a system which is mostly methane to one which has a substantial concentration of H-2. Thermal activation of benzene conductivities at 20-40 GPa is probably caused by thermal activation of nucleation, growth, and connectivity of diamondlike, defected C nanoparticles. At 40 GPa the concentration of these C nanoparticles reaches a critical density, such that further increase in density does not have a significant affect on the cross-sectional area of conduction and, thus, conductivity saturates. The electrical conductivity of polybutene (1:1) is very low. While the mechanism is unknown, one possibility is that the electronic bandgap of whatever species are present is large compared to the temperature. Electrical conductivity measurements are proposed as a way to determine the melting curve of diamondlike C nanoparticles at 100 GPa pressures. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nellis, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 2 BP 1015 EP 1019 DI 10.1063/1.1379537 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 448ZW UT WOS:000169660700053 ER PT J AU Kim, C Lazarov, RD Pasciak, JE Vassilevski, PS AF Kim, C Lazarov, RD Pasciak, JE Vassilevski, PS TI Multiplier spaces for the mortar finite element method in three dimensions SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE mortar; finite element method; Lagrange multipliers; domain decomposition ID SUBSTRUCTURING PRECONDITIONERS AB We consider the construction of multiplier spaces for use with the mortar finite element method in three spatial dimensions on globally or locally quasi-uniform meshes. A set of abstract conditions is given for the multiplier spaces which are sufficient to guarantee a stable and convergent mortar approximation. Three examples of multipliers satisfying these conditions are presented. The rst one is a dual basis example, while the remaining two are based on finite volumes. Finally, the results of computational examples illustrating the theory are reported. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM cskim@math.tamu.edu; lazarov@math.tmu.edu; pasciak@math.tamu.edu; panayot@llnl.gov RI Lazarov, Raytcho/B-8395-2015 OI Lazarov, Raytcho/0000-0002-4911-3685 NR 34 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PD JUL 8 PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 519 EP 538 DI 10.1137/S0036142900367065 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 451NT UT WOS:000169808700009 ER PT J AU Christian, AT AF Christian, AT TI A cytogenetic footprint for mammary carcinomas induced by PhIP in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Biol & Biotechnol Res, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 8 PY 2001 VL 164 IS 1-3 SU S BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 452ZA UT WOS:000169888500019 ER PT J AU Saghir, SA Schultz, IR AF Saghir, SA Schultz, IR TI Microsomal metabolism of trihalogenated acetic acids SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 8 PY 2001 VL 164 IS 1-3 SU S BP 136 EP 137 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 452ZA UT WOS:000169888500434 ER PT J AU Schultz, IR Merdink, JL Gonzalez-Leon, A AF Schultz, IR Merdink, JL Gonzalez-Leon, A TI Dichloracetate toxicokinetics and disruption of tyrosine catabolism in B6C3F1 mice SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 8 PY 2001 VL 164 IS 1-3 SU S BP 146 EP 147 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 452ZA UT WOS:000169888500466 ER PT J AU Schultz, IR Drum, AS AF Schultz, IR Drum, AS TI Pharmacokinetics of vitellogenin and 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol in rainbow trout SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle MSL, Sequim, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 8 PY 2001 VL 164 IS 1-3 SU S BP 207 EP 207 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 452ZA UT WOS:000169888500662 ER PT J AU Sabri, MI Kim, MS Nagalla, S Spencer, PS Dixon, D Zahn, CG Tinsley, I AF Sabri, MI Kim, MS Nagalla, S Spencer, PS Dixon, D Zahn, CG Tinsley, I TI Chromogenic and neurotoxic potential of the aromatic hydrocarbon 1,2-diacetylbenzene SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 8 PY 2001 VL 164 IS 1-3 SU S BP 218 EP 218 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 452ZA UT WOS:000169888500697 ER PT J AU Tom, S Henricksen, LA Park, MS Bambara, RA AF Tom, S Henricksen, LA Park, MS Bambara, RA TI DNA ligase I and proliferating cell nuclear antigen form a functional complex SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; REPLICATION-FACTOR-C; PURIFIED HUMAN PROTEINS; DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; ENDONUCLEASE ACTIVITY; FLAP ENDONUCLEASE-1; POLYMERASES DELTA; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PCNA; BINDING AB DNA ligase I is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication. An additional proposed role for DNA ligase I is sealing nicks generated during excision repair, Previous studies have shown that there is a physical interaction between DNA ligase I and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), another important component of DNA replication and repair. The results shown here indicate that human PCNA enhances the reaction rate of human DNA ligase I up to 5-fold. The stimulation is specific to DNA ligase I because T4 DNA ligase is not affected. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that PCNA improves the binding of DNA ligase I to the ligation site. Increasing the DNA ligase I concentration leads to a reduction in PCNA stimulation, consistent with PCNA-directed improvement of DNA ligase I binding to its DNA substrate. Two experiments show that PCNA is required to encircle duplex DNA to enhance DNA ligase I activity. Biotin-streptavidin conjugations at the ends of a linear substrate inhibit PCNA stimulation. PCNA cannot enhance ligation on a circular substrate without the addition of replication factor C, which is the protein responsible for loading PCNA onto duplex DNA. These results show that PCNA is responsible for the stable association of DNA ligase I to nicked duplex DNA. C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bambara, RA (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Sch Med & Dent, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 712, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM24441, GM59301] NR 62 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 6 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 27 BP 24817 EP 24825 DI 10.1074/jbc.M101673200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 451KF UT WOS:000169800700054 PM 11331287 ER PT J AU Lavrik, OI Prasad, R Sobol, RW Horton, JK Ackermann, EJ Wilson, SH AF Lavrik, OI Prasad, R Sobol, RW Horton, JK Ackermann, EJ Wilson, SH TI Photoaffinity labeling of mouse fibroblast enzymes by a base excision repair intermediate - Evidence for the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in DNA repair SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR NICK-SENSOR; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BOVINE TESTIS; SITE REPAIR; BETA; PROTEIN; DAMAGE; STEP AB To examine the interaction of mammalian base excision repair (BER) enzymes with DNA intermediates formed during BER, we used a novel photoaffinity labeling probe and mouse embryonic fibroblast cellular extracts. The probe was formed in situ, using an end-labeled oligonucleotide containing a synthetic abasic site; this site was incised by apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease creating a nick with 3 ' -hydroxyl and 5 ' -reduced sugar phosphate groups at the margins, and then a dNMP carrying a photoreactive adduct was added to the 3 ' -hydroxyl group. With near-UV light (312 nm) exposure of the extract/probe mixture, six proteins were strongly labeled. Four of these include poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and the BER participants flap endonuclease-1, DNA polymerase beta, and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, The amount of the probe cross-linked to PARP-1 was greater than that cross-linked to the other proteins. The specificity of PARP-1 labeling was examined using various competitor oligonucleotides and DNA probes with alternate structures. PARP-1 labeling was stronger with a DNA representing a BER intermediate than with a nick in double-stranded DNA, These results indicate that proteins interacting preferentially with a photoreactive BER intermediate can be selected from the crude cellular extract. C1 NIEHS, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Novosibirsk Bioorgan Chem Inst, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wilson, SH (reprint author), NIEHS, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, 111 TW Alexandra Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Lavrik, Olga /G-4641-2013; Sobol, Robert/E-4125-2013 OI Sobol, Robert/0000-0001-7385-3563 NR 52 TC 127 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 6 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 27 BP 25541 EP 25548 DI 10.1074/jbc.M102125200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 451KF UT WOS:000169800700145 PM 11340072 ER PT J AU Meriles, CA Sakellariou, D Heise, H Moule, AJ Pines, A AF Meriles, CA Sakellariou, D Heise, H Moule, AJ Pines, A TI Approach to high-resolution ex situ NMR spectroscopy SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FIELDS; DYNAMICS; ECHOES AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments are typically performed with samples immersed in a magnet shimmed to high homogeneity. However, there are many circumstances in which it is impractical or undesirable to insert objects or subjects into the bore of a high-field magnet. Here we present a methodology based on an adaptation of nutation echoes that provides resolved spectra in the presence of matched inhomogeneous static and radiofrequency fields, thereby opening the way to high-resolution exsitu NMR, The observation of chemical shifts is regained through the use of multiple-pulse sequences of correlated, composite z-rotation pulses, producing resolved NMR spectra of liquid samples. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/F-2846-2010; Heise, Henrike/A-7703-2010; Moule, Adam/B-9484-2013 OI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/0000-0001-7424-5543; Heise, Henrike/0000-0002-9081-3894; Moule, Adam/0000-0003-1354-3517 NR 20 TC 129 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 6 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5527 BP 82 EP 85 DI 10.1126/science.1061498 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 451BB UT WOS:000169780300032 PM 11441177 ER PT J AU Dehal, P Predki, P Olsen, AS Kobayashi, A Folta, P Lucas, S Land, M Terry, A Zhou, CLE Rash, S Zhang, Q Gordon, L Kim, J Elkin, C Pollard, MJ Richardson, P Rokhsar, D Uberbacher, E Hawkins, T Branscomb, E Stubbs, L AF Dehal, P Predki, P Olsen, AS Kobayashi, A Folta, P Lucas, S Land, M Terry, A Zhou, CLE Rash, S Zhang, Q Gordon, L Kim, J Elkin, C Pollard, MJ Richardson, P Rokhsar, D Uberbacher, E Hawkins, T Branscomb, E Stubbs, L TI Human chromosome 19 and related regions in mouse: Conservative and lineage-specific evolution SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUTATIVE PHEROMONE RECEPTORS; COMPARATIVE MAP; GENE-CLUSTER; SEQUENCE; MAMMALS; GENOME; CHROMOSOMES; PROTEINS; ODORANT; FAMILY AB To illuminate the function and evolutionary history of both genomes, we sequenced mouse DNA related to human chromosome 19. Comparative sequence alignments yielded confirmatory evidence for hypothetical genes and identified exons, regulatory elements, and candidate genes that were missed by other predictive methods. Chromosome-wide comparisons revealed a difference between single-copy HSA19 genes, which are overwhelmingly conserved in mouse, and genes residing in tandem familiar clusters, which differ extensively in number, coding capacity, and organization between the two species. Finally, we sequenced breakpoints of all 15 evolutionary rearrangements, providing a view of the forces that drive chromosome evolution in mammals. C1 DOE Joint, Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP DOE Joint, Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM stubbs5@llnl.gov RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Forkel, Stephanie/A-4018-2011; OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Forkel, Stephanie/0000-0003-0493-0283; Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 35 TC 167 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 6 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5527 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1126/science.1060310 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 451BB UT WOS:000169780300039 PM 11441184 ER PT J AU Dietz, ML Horwitz, EP Sajdak, LR Chiarizia, R AF Dietz, ML Horwitz, EP Sajdak, LR Chiarizia, R TI An improved extraction chromatographic resin for the separation of uranium from acidic nitrate media SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE extraction chromatography; uranium; acidic media; diamyl amylphosphonate; Cyanex 923 ID ION-EXCHANGE RESIN; METAL-IONS; ACTINIDE ELEMENTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CYANEX(R) 925; PRECONCENTRATION; SAMPLES; STRONTIUM; QUANTITIES; SOIL AB The preparation and characterization of a new extraction chromatographic resin exhibiting extraordinarily strong retention of hexavalent uranyl ion over a wide range of nitric acid concentrations and very high selectivity for U(VI) over Fe(III) and numerous other cations is described. This new material (designated U/TEVA-2) comprises a novel liquid stationary phase consisting of an equimolar mixture of diamyl amylphosphonate (DA[AP]) and Cyanex 923((R)) (a commercially available trialkyl-phosphine oxide, TRPO) sorbed on silanized silica or Amberchrom CG-71. Cyanex 923 is shown to be preferable to a related TRPO, Cyanex 925((R)), due to its lower viscosity and higher selectivity for U(VI) over Fe(III). The retention of uranyl nitrate by the U/TEVA-2 resin, as measured by the k ' values (number of free column values to peak maximum) is > 5000 from approximately 0.1 to 8 M HNO(3). The ability of the new resin to strongly and selectively retain U(VI) from such a wide range of acid concentrations, along with its favorable physical properties, make it a good candidate for application in the separation and preconcentration of U(VI) from complex environmental, biological, and nuclear waste samples for subsequent determination. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dietz, ML (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mdietz@anl.gov NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JUL 6 PY 2001 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1184 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(01)00390-3 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 454EN UT WOS:000169959600015 PM 18968338 ER PT J AU McClintock, JE Haswell, CA Garcia, MR Drake, JJ Hynes, RI Marshall, HL Muno, MP Chaty, S Garnavich, PM Groot, PJ Lewin, WHG Mauche, CW Miller, JM Pooley, GG Shrader, CR Vrtilek, SD AF McClintock, JE Haswell, CA Garcia, MR Drake, JJ Hynes, RI Marshall, HL Muno, MP Chaty, S Garnavich, PM Groot, PJ Lewin, WHG Mauche, CW Miller, JM Pooley, GG Shrader, CR Vrtilek, SD TI Complete and simultaneous spectral observations of the black hole X-ray nova XTE J1118+480 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; stars : individual (XTE J1118+480); ultraviolet : stars; X-rays : stars ID INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; H-I; ULTRAVIOLET; TRANSIENT; STATE; MASS AB The X-ray nova XTE J1118+480 suffers minimal extinction (b = 62 degrees) and therefore represents an outstanding opportunity for multiwavelength studies. Hynes et al. conducted the first such study, which was centered on 2000 April 8 using UKIRT, EUVE, HST, and RXTE. On 2000 April 18, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory obtained data coincident with a second set of observations using all of these same observatories. A 30 ks grating observation using Chandra yielded a spectrum with high resolution and sensitivity covering the range 0.24-7 keV. Our near-simultaneous observations cover approximate to 80% of the electromagnetic spectrum from the infrared to hard X-rays. The UV/X-ray spectrum of XTE J1118+480 consists of two principal components. The Drst of these is an approximate to 24 eV thermal component that is caused by an accretion disk with a large inner disk radius : greater than or similar to 35R(Schw). The second is a quasi power-law component that was recorded with complete spectral coverage from 0.4 to 160 keV. A model for this twocomponent spectrum is presented in a companion paper by Esin et al. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Mullard Radio Astron Observ, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. NASA, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McClintock, JE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016; OI Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X; Chaty, Sylvain/0000-0002-5769-8601 NR 34 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 3 PY 2001 VL 555 IS 1 BP 477 EP 482 DI 10.1086/321449 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 453XY UT WOS:000169944500046 ER PT J AU Baratian, S Hall, ES Lin, JS Xu, R Runt, J AF Baratian, S Hall, ES Lin, JS Xu, R Runt, J TI Crystalization and solid-state structure of random polylactide copolymers: Poly(L-lactide-co-D-lactide)s SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; MELTING TEMPERATURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; EQUILIBRIUM; POLYPROPYLENE; POLY(LACTIDE); POLYETHYLENE; FRACTIONS; KINETICS; DEFECTS AB This paper presents a continuation of our earlier research on the crystallization and solid-state structure of polylactide copolymers. The focus here is on random copolymers containing predominately L-lactide and small amounts (1.5, 3, and 6%) of D-lactide. As expected, degrees of crystallinity and spherulite growth rates decrease substantially with increasing D-lactide content in the copolymers. The importance of defect arrangement (isolated vs paired stereochemical defects) was demonstrated by comparison to our earlier research on L-lactide/meso-lactide copolymers. At a given degree of supercooling, measured lamellar thicknesses decrease significantly with increasing R stereoisomer concentration: e.g., by more than a factor of 2 (compared to poly(L-lactide)) for the 6% D-lactide copolymer. The results of small-angle X-ray scattering experiments indicate that a significant amount of noncrystalline material resides between lamellar stacks. Equilibrium melting points were estimated for the copolymers using the Gibbs-Thomson approach, and the values conform with predictions of the model of Wendling and Suter in the exclusion limit. Taken together with the significant reduction in lamellar thickness and crystallinity, these results point to substantial rejection of D-lactide (and meso-lactide) defects from S stereoisomer crystals. However, experiments by others on similar copolymers suggest that a significant amount of R (or R-R) isomers can be included in S crystals under certain crystallization conditions. Some speculation about the origin of these differences is presented. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cargill Dow Polymers, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Runt, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI He, Yong/F-8752-2012 NR 40 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 3 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 14 BP 4857 EP 4864 DI 10.1021/ma001125r PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 447GT UT WOS:000169564100030 ER PT J AU Gilbert, EP Auvray, L Lal, J AF Gilbert, EP Auvray, L Lal, J TI Structure of polyelectrolyte chains confined in nanoporous glass SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POROUS VYCOR GLASS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DILUTE-SOLUTIONS; POLYION; SANS AB We have investigated the structure of sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) in a bulk solution and when confined within the pores of the model nanoporous medium, Vycor. We have used the zero average contrast condition and SANS to separate the intramolecular (form factor), P(q), and intermolecular contributions, Q(q), to the total scattering. We find that the chains are more stretched in confined geometry than the bulk and sufficiently so as to highlight the large-scale disordered structure of Vycor. We show experimentally and prove theoretically that the asymptotic behavior of the observed interchain structure factor, Q(q), is approximate to 1/q(2) for free and approximate to 1/q for confined chains. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulse Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Lal, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulse Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gilbert, Elliot/A-5566-2010; Auvray, Loic/J-7577-2012 OI Gilbert, Elliot/0000-0001-6413-7813; Auvray, Loic/0000-0003-1736-5578 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 3 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 14 BP 4942 EP 4948 DI 10.1021/ma002236t PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 447GT UT WOS:000169564100041 ER PT J AU Shi, L Poweleit, CD Ponce, FA Menendez, J Chow, WW AF Shi, L Poweleit, CD Ponce, FA Menendez, J Chow, WW TI Anisotropic diffusion and drift of photogenerated carriers near coreless dislocations in InGaN quantum well SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; GAN; FIELD; LAYERS AB We report on a photoluminescence (PL) study on pinholes and their effects on the carrier recombination process in an InGaN/GaN single quantum well sample. By directly imaging the luminescence from the sample, we observed an anisotropic distribution of photogenerated carriers due to diffusion and drift of the carriers near pinholes. The anisotropy, together with micro-PL spectra at different locations near a pinhole, shows evidence of narrowing of the band gap of the quantum well layer near pinholes. The existence of the band gap gradient is confirmed by reflective and photoluminescence images of the sample under global illumination. Possible causes of the band gap gradient include indium concentration inhomogeneity and partial strain relaxation near pinholes. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Menendez, Jose/C-1034-2009; Ponce, Fernando/M-8649-2013 OI Menendez, Jose/0000-0001-8739-9197; Ponce, Fernando/0000-0002-1275-9386 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 1 BP 75 EP 77 DI 10.1063/1.1381422 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZA UT WOS:000169658800026 ER PT J AU Fan, ZY Hinks, DG Newman, N Rowell, JM AF Fan, ZY Hinks, DG Newman, N Rowell, JM TI Experimental study of MgB2 decomposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The thermal stability of MgB2 has been studied experimentally to determine the role of thermodynamic and kinetic barriers in the decomposition process. The MgB2 decomposition rate approaches one monolayer per second at 650 degreesC and has an activation energy of 2.0 eV. The evaporation coefficient is inferred to be similar to 10(-4), indicating that this process is kinetically limited. These values were inferred from in situ measurements using a quartz crystal microbalance and a residual gas analyzer, in conjunction with ex situ measurements of redeposited material by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The presence of a large kinetic barrier to decomposition indicates that the synthesis of MgB2 thin films conditions may be possible with vacuum processing, albeit within a narrow window in the reactive growth conditions. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Northwestern Univ, Inst Mat Res, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Fan, ZY (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Newman, Nathan/E-1466-2011 OI Newman, Nathan/0000-0003-2819-9616 NR 13 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 1 BP 87 EP 89 DI 10.1063/1.1383804 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZA UT WOS:000169658800030 ER PT J AU Hou, PY Ackerman, GD AF Hou, PY Ackerman, GD TI Chemical state of segregants at Al(2)O(3)/alloy interfaces studied using mu XPS SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high temperature oxidation; interface; aluminum oxide; iron alloys; segregation ID SULFUR SEGREGATION; OXIDATION; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; IRON AB The adherence of an oxide layer that forms on alloy surfaces as a result of high temperature oxidation often depends on the composition and structure of the oxide/alloy interface. This work follows previous Auger studies on two Al(2)O(3)/alloy interfaces after removal of the external alumna layer in vacuum. An attempt was made to use micro X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to examine the chemical state of impurities and solutes that segregated to the interface during oxidation and cooling. Both alloys were iron-based: FeCrAl and FeAl. It was found that on the FeCrAl, S was saturated along with Cr and C co-segregation, forming a multi-layer structure with enriched chromium sulfide at the oxide side and chromium carbide at the alloy side. On the FeAl, segregated sulfur only partially covered the interface, but was also present as a sulfide. The different interfacial chemistry between these two systems demonstrated the complexity that can exist under the dynamic oxidation conditions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, MS 62-203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pyhou@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 178 IS 1-4 BP 156 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00327-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 445TU UT WOS:000169475300019 ER PT J AU Miller, LM Vairavamurthy, V Chance, MR Mendelsohn, R Paschalis, EP Betts, F Boskey, AL AF Miller, LM Vairavamurthy, V Chance, MR Mendelsohn, R Paschalis, EP Betts, F Boskey, AL TI In situ analysis of mineral content and crystallinity in bone using infrared micro-spectroscopy of the v(4) PO43- vibration SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Article ID FTIR MICROSPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; ILIAC CREST BIOPSIES; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; CARBONATE IONS; TERM TREATMENT; EARLY DEPOSITS; IR MICROSCOPY; SOLID-PHASE; RESOLUTION; ENVIRONMENT AB Measurements of bone mineral content and composition in situ provide insight into the chemistry of bone mineral deposition. Infrared (IR) micro-spectroscopy is well suited for this purpose. To date, IR microscopic (including imaging) analyses of bone apatite have centered on the v(1),v(3) PO43- contour. The v(4) PO43- contour (500-650 cm(-1)), which has been extensively used to monitor the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite in homogenized bone samples, falls in a Frequency region below the cutoff of the mercury-cadmium-telluride detectors used in commercial IR microscopes, thereby rendering this vibration inaccessible For imaging studies. The current study reports the first IR micro-spectroscopy spectra of human iliac crest cross sections in the v(4) PO43- spectral regions. obtained with a synchrotron radiation source and a Cu-doped Ge detector coupled to an IR microscope. The acid phosphate (HPO42-) content and mineral crystallite perfection (crystallinity) of a human osteon were mapped. To develop spectra-structure correlations. a combination of X-ray powder diffraction data and conventional Fourier transform IR spectra have been obtained from a series of synthetic hydroxyapatite crystals and natural bone powders of various species and ages. X-ray powder diffraction data demonstrate that there is an increase in average crystal size as bone matures, which correlates with an Increase In the v(4) PO43- FTIR absorption peak ratio of two peaks (603/563 cm(-1)) within the v(4) PO43- contour. Additionally, the IR results reveal that a band near 540 cm(-1) may be assigned to acid phosphate. This band is present at high concentrations in new bone, and decreases as bone matures. Correlation of the v(4) PO43- contour with the v(2) CO32- contour also reveals that when acid phosphate content is high. type A carbonate content (i.e.. carbonate occupying OH- sites in the hydroxyapatite lattice) is high. As crystallinity increases and acid phosphate content decreases, carbonate substitution shifts toward occupation of PO43- sites in the hydroxyapatite lattice. Thus. IR microscopic analysis of the v(4) PO43- contour provides a straightforward index of both relative mineral crystallinity and acid phosphate concentration that can be applied to in situ IR micro-spectroscopic analysis of bone samples. which are of interest for understanding the chemical mechanisms of bone deposition in normal and pathological states. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Albert Einstein Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Hosp Special Surg, Mineralized Tissues Res Sect, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Albert Einstein Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Bldg 725, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR-01633]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-41325] NR 30 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 1527 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/S0304-4165(01)00093-9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 447TX UT WOS:000169589500003 PM 11420138 ER PT J AU Danis, JA Lin, MR Scott, BL Eichhorn, BW Runde, WH AF Danis, JA Lin, MR Scott, BL Eichhorn, BW Runde, WH TI Coordination trends in alkali metal crown ether uranyl halide complexes: The series [A(Crown)](2)[UO2X4] where A = Li, Na, K and X = Cl, Br SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EXTRACTION EQUILIBRIUM; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; URANIUM; ION; LIGANDS; PLUTONIUM(IV); MINERALS; SPECTRA; URANATE AB UO2(C2H3O2)(2). 2H(2)O reacts with AX or A(C2H3O2 or ClO4) (where A = Li, Na, K; X Cl; Br) and crown ethers in HCl or HBr aqueous solutions to give the sandwich-type compounds [K(18-crown-6)](2)[UO2Cl4] (1), [K(18-crown-6)](2)[UO2Br4] (2), [Na(15-crown-5)](2)[UO2Cl4] (3), [Na(15-crown-5)](2)[UO2Br4] (4), [Li(12-crown-4)](2)[UO2Cl4] (5), and [Li(12-crown-4)](2)[UO2Br4] (6). The compounds have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder diffraction, elemental analysis, IR, and Raman spectroscopy. The [UO2X4](2-) ions coordinate to two [A(crown)](+) cations through the four halides only (2), through two halides only (3), through the two uranyl oxygens and two halides (3, 4), or through the two uranyl oxygen atoms only (5, 6). Raman spectra reveal v(U-O) values that correlate with expected trends. The structural trends are discussed within the context of classical principles of hard-soft acid-base theory. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Runde, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 55 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 14 BP 3389 EP 3394 DI 10.1021/ic0011056 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 447CJ UT WOS:000169550700021 PM 11421684 ER PT J AU Chi, LS Corbett, JD AF Chi, LS Corbett, JD TI K2SrIn7: An electron-deficient indium network structure that reflects limitations of cation accommodation. Synthesis, structure, and bonding SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METALLIC ZINTL PHASE; SOLID-STATE; CLUSTERS; COMPOUND; RB; CS AB A new phase in the K-Sr-In system was discovered following direct fusion of the neat elements in a niobium tube at 900 degreesC and equilibration at 700 degreesC for 5 days. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that K2SrIn7 crystallizes in an orthorhombic system, space group Cmcm, Z = 4, a = 5.0455(5) Angstrom, b = 11.960(2) Angstrom, c = 19.762(4) Angstrom. The structure contains a three-dimensional In network built of sheets of condensed pentagonal prismatic columns interbonded along (c) over right arrow. Two rather different types of channels are separately occupied by K and Sr atoms, the latter centered in 15-atom indium polyhedra. Band structure calculations and resistivity and susceptibility measurements indicate that the compound is metallic and diamagnetic. The one-electron deficiency in the valence band per formula unit brought on by the limited cation count is analyzed in terms of the character of the bonding, some of that from multicenter In bonding falling above E-F. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 14 BP 3596 EP 3600 DI 10.1021/ic010023u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 447CJ UT WOS:000169550700048 PM 11421711 ER PT J AU Urban, W Durell, JL Smith, AG Phillips, WR Jones, MA Varley, BJ Rzaca-Urban, T Ahmad, I Morss, LR Bentaleb, M Schulz, N AF Urban, W Durell, JL Smith, AG Phillips, WR Jones, MA Varley, BJ Rzaca-Urban, T Ahmad, I Morss, LR Bentaleb, M Schulz, N TI Medium-spin structure of Sr-96,Sr-97 and Zr-98,Zr-99 nuclei and the onset of deformation in the A similar to 100 region SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Cm-248(SF); measured E gamma, I gamma, gamma gamma-coincidence; Sr-96,Sr-97, Zr-98,Zr-99 deduced levels, J,pi; Sr-96,Sr-97,Sr-98,Sr-100, Zr-98,Zr-99 deduced quadrupole moments; EUROGAM2 array ID SHAPE COEXISTENCE; SPONTANEOUS FISSION; ROTATIONAL BANDS; MO ISOTOPES; ZR; STATES; SR-97; ARRAYS; SR AB The N = 58, 59 nuclei Sr-96.97 and Zr-98,Zr-99 produced in the spontaneous fission of Cm-248 were studied using the EUROGAM2 array. Regular rotational bands have been found in Sr-97 and Zr-99, firmly establishing shape coexistence in both nuclei. Contrary to earlier suggestions, no rotational bands were found on top of 0(3)(+) states in the N = 58 nuclei Sr-96 and Zr-98. It is likely, however. that the N = 58 nuclei undergo a shape change along the yrast line from spherical ground state to weakly deformed medium-spin states. Numerous single-particle excitations of negative parity, observed in S-97 and (99)[loc=pre]Zr, suggest the important role of the h(11/2) shell in creating deformation in these nuclei. Quadrupole moments were determined for rotational bands in the N = 58. 59, 60, 62 and 64 Sr and Zr nuclei. Deformation parameters, which increase gradually from beta (2) similar to 0.1 at N = 56, through beta (2) similar to 0.2 at N = 58 to beta (2) similar to 0.4 at N = 64, suggest that in strontium and zirconium isotopes the shape change happens gradually between N = 56 and N = 62, and is most likely due to an occupancy of three or more deformation-driving orbitals of h(11/2) parentage. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Rech Nucl, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. RP Rzaca-Urban, T (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 52 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 689 IS 3-4 BP 605 EP 630 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00612-6 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 444CT UT WOS:000169382000001 ER PT J AU Domscheit, J Gorgen, A Ernst, J Fallon, P Herskind, B Hubel, H Korten, W Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Nenoff, N Siem, S Ward, D Wilson, JN AF Domscheit, J Gorgen, A Ernst, J Fallon, P Herskind, B Hubel, H Korten, W Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Nenoff, N Siem, S Ward, D Wilson, JN TI Angular momentum limit of Hf isotopes produced in three fusion-evaporation reactions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Sn-118(Ti-50, xn), E=215-231 MeV; Ru-104(Ni-64, xn), E=255-282 MeV; Zr-94(Ge-74. xn), E=291-321 MeV; measured E gamma, gamma gamma-coincidences, relative cross section; Hf-163,Hf-164,Hf-165,Hf-166 deduced gamma-ray multiplicity, angular momentum gamma-decay entry region; relative cross section ID HEAVY-ION REACTIONS; ENTRANCE-CHANNEL; NEUTRON EMISSION; POPULATION; SPECTROMETER; SUPPRESSION; BARRIER; SYSTEM; ER-156; BANDS AB The compound nucleus Hf-168 was populated in three fusion-evaporation reactions with different beam-target mass asymmetries: Ti-50 + Sn-118, Ni-64 + Ru-104 and Ge-74 + Zr-94. Due to the large negative e values of these reactions the compound nucleus is formed at low excitation energy. At three or four excitation energies for each reaction gamma -ray spectra of the evaporation residues Hf-166 to Hf-163, corresponding to the 2n to 5n exit channels, respectively. were recorded with the Ge detectors of the 8 pi -spectrometer array. The gamma -ray multiplicity and total energy were measured using the inner ball of EGO detectors. This data was used to determine the maximum angular momentum transferred to each evaporation channel, the gamma -ray decay entry region and the relative cross sections. No differences are observed between the three reactions. This is explained by the very similar dependence of the excitation energy on the angular momentum of the compound nucleus. The relative cross sections for the 2n and 3n channels are observed to be significantly larger than predicted by statistical model calculations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. CEA, DAPNIA, F-91131 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Domscheit, J (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RI KORTEN, Wolfram/H-3043-2013; OI KORTEN, Wolfram/0000-0002-3940-0816; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 689 IS 3-4 BP 655 EP 667 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00614-X PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 444CT UT WOS:000169382000003 ER PT J AU Arkani-Hamed, N Hall, L Nomura, Y Smith, D Weiner, N AF Arkani-Hamed, N Hall, L Nomura, Y Smith, D Weiner, N TI Finite radiative electroweak symmetry breaking from the bulk SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID KALUZA-KLEIN EXCITATIONS; SUPERSYMMETRIC GRAND UNIFICATION; LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS; LIGHTEST HIGGS BOSON; STANDARD MODEL; TEV-SCALE; FUTURE COLLIDERS; MASSES; COMPACTIFICATION; MILLIMETER AB A new physical origin for electroweak symmetry breaking is proposed, involving compact spatial dimensions of scale 1/R approximate to 1 TeV. The higher-dimensional theory is supersymmetric, and hence requires the top-quark Yukawa coupling to be localized on some "Yukawa brane" in the bulk. The short distance divergence in the Higgs-boson mass is regulated because supersymmetry is unbroken in the vicinity of this Yukawa brane. A finite, negative Higgs mass-squared is generated radiatively by the top-quark supermultiplet propagating a distance of order R from the Yukawa brane to probe supersymmetry breaking. The physics of electroweak symmetry breaking is therefore closely related to this top propagation across the bulk, and is dominated by the mass scale 1/R. with exponential insensitivity to higher energy scales. The masses of the superpartners and the Kaluza-Klein resonances are also set by the mass scale 1/R, which is naturally larger than the W boson mass by a loop factor. Explicit models are constructed which are highly constrained and predictive. The finite radiative correction to the Higgs mass is computed, and the Higgs sector briefly explored. The superpartner and Kaluza-Klein resonance spectra are calculated, and the problem of flavor violation from squark and slepton exchange is solved. Important collider signatures include highly ionizing charged tracks from stable top squarks, and events with two Higgs bosons and missing transverse energy. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Jefferson Phys Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Arkani-Hamed, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 48 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 605 IS 1-3 BP 81 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(01)00203-6 PG 35 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 456UL UT WOS:000170100600004 ER PT J AU Averitt, RD Lobad, AI Kwon, C Trugman, SA Thorsmolle, VK Taylor, AJ AF Averitt, RD Lobad, AI Kwon, C Trugman, SA Thorsmolle, VK Taylor, AJ TI Ultrafast conductivity dynamics in colossal magnetoresistance manganites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNET; SPIN DYNAMICS; TRANSPORT; MAGNETISM; BEHAVIOR; NICKEL; FILMS AB Ultrafast picosecond measurements of optically induced changes in the absolute conductivity (0.4-1.0 THz) of La0.7M0.3MnO3 thin films (M = Ca, Sr) from 10 K to similar to0.9T(c) reveal a two-component relaxation. A fast, similar to2 ps, conductivity decrease arises from an optically induced modification of the effective phonon temperature. The slower component, related to spin-lattice relaxation, has a lifetime that increases upon approaching T-c from below in accordance with an increasing spin specific heat. We show that, for T much less than T-c, partial derivative sigma/partial derivativeT is primarily determined by thermally disordered phonons while spin fluctuations dominate near T-c. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Averitt, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008; Thorsmolle, Verner/M-1095-2015 OI Thorsmolle, Verner/0000-0002-5890-4403 NR 19 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 AR 017401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.017401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451VK UT WOS:000169822900046 PM 11461494 ER PT J AU Czarnecki, A Melnikov, K AF Czarnecki, A Melnikov, K TI Expansion of bound-state energies in powers of m/M SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAMB SHIFT; RECOIL CONTRIBUTIONS; FIELD; QCD AB We describe a new approach to computing energy levels of a nonrelativistic bound state of two constituents with masses M and m, by a systematic expansion in powers of m/M. After discussing the method, we demonstrate its potential with an trample of the radiative recoil corrections to the Lamb shift and hyperfine splitting relevant for the hydrogen, muonic hydrogen, and muonium. A discrepancy between two previous calculations of O (alpha (Z alpha)(5)m(2)/M) radiative recoil corrections to the Lamb shift is resolved and several new terms of O(alpha (Z alpha)(5)m(4)/M-3) and higher an obtained. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Czarnecki, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. EM czar@phys.ualberta.ca; melnikov@slac.stanford.edu NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 AR 013001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.013001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451VK UT WOS:000169822900014 PM 11461462 ER PT J AU Kenzelmann, M Cowley, RA Buyers, WJL Coldea, R Gardner, JS Enderle, M McMorrow, DF Bennington, SM AF Kenzelmann, M Cowley, RA Buyers, WJL Coldea, R Gardner, JS Enderle, M McMorrow, DF Bennington, SM TI Multiparticle states in the S=1 chain system CsNiCl3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL ANTIFERROMAGNET; HALDANE-GAP; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN DYNAMICS; FIELD-THEORY; EXCITATION; CONTINUUM; ZERO AB A continuum of magnetic states has been observed by neutron scattering from the spin-1 chain compound CsNiCl3 in its disordered gapped one-dimensional phase. Results using both triple-axis and time-of-flight spectrometers show that around the antiferromagnetic point Q(c) = pi, the continuum lies higher in energy than the Haldane gapped excitations. At 6 K the integrated intensity of the continuum is about 12(2)% of the total spectral weight. This result is considerably larger than the 1%-3% weight predicted by the nonlinear sigma model for the three-particle continuum. C1 Oxford Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Natl Res Council Canada, Neutron Program Mat Res, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Chem, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Kenzelmann, M (reprint author), Oxford Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI McMorrow, Desmond/C-2655-2008; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Enderle, Mechthild/E-8832-2014; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI McMorrow, Desmond/0000-0002-4947-7788; Enderle, Mechthild/0000-0001-7304-2162; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 AR 017201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.017201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451VK UT WOS:000169822900044 PM 11461492 ER PT J AU Kopnin, NB Vinokur, VM AF Kopnin, NB Vinokur, VM TI Superconducting vortices in ac fields: Does the Kohn theorem work? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID II SUPERCONDUCTORS; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; VORTEX DYNAMICS; SPECTRAL FLOW; MIXED-STATE; EQUATION; MASS; LINE AB Electrodynamics of clean pinning-free type II superconductors in the mixed state is derived using the Boltzmann kinetic equations for excitations. The condition of the vortex cyclotron resonance is found. The reason why this resonance does not comply with the Kohn theorem is discussed. C1 Aalto Univ, Low Temp Lab, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117940, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kopnin, NB (reprint author), Aalto Univ, Low Temp Lab, POB 2200, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 AR 017003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.017003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451VK UT WOS:000169822900039 PM 11461487 ER PT J AU Kycia, JB Chen, J Therrien, R Kurdak, C Campman, KL Gossard, AC Clarke, J AF Kycia, JB Chen, J Therrien, R Kurdak, C Campman, KL Gossard, AC Clarke, J TI Effects of dissipation on a superconducting single electron transistor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COULOMB-BLOCKADE; COOPER-PAIR; QUANTUM SUPERPOSITION; JOSEPHSON; STATES; FLUCTUATIONS; COHERENCE; JUNCTIONS AB We measure the effect of dissipation on the minimum zero-bias conductance, G(0)(min), of a superconducting single electron transistor (sSET) capacitively coupled to a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. Depleting the 2DEG with a back gate voltage decreases the dissipation experienced by the sSET in situ. We find that G(0)(min) increases as the dissipation is increased or the temperature is reduced; the functional forms of these dependences are compared with the model of Wilhelm et al. in which the leads coupled to the sSET are represented by lossy transmission lines. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kycia, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 AR 017002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.017002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451VK UT WOS:000169822900038 PM 11461486 ER PT J AU Landers, A Weber, T Ali, I Cassimi, A Hattass, M Jagutzki, O Nauert, A Osipov, T Staudte, A Prior, MH Schmidt-Bocking, H Cocke, CL Dorner, R AF Landers, A Weber, T Ali, I Cassimi, A Hattass, M Jagutzki, O Nauert, A Osipov, T Staudte, A Prior, MH Schmidt-Bocking, H Cocke, CL Dorner, R TI Photoelectron diffraction mapping: Molecules illuminated from within SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID K-SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION; ORIENTED CO MOLECULES; IN-SPACE MOLECULES; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; SHAPE RESONANCES AB We demonstrate the use of a multiparticle coincidence technique to image the diffraction of an electron wave whose source is placed at a specific site in a free molecule. Core-level photoelectrons are used to illuminate the molecule from within. By measuring the vector momenta of two molecular fragments and the photoelectron, a richly structured electron diffraction pattern is obtained in a body-fixed frame of the randomly oriented molecule in the gas phase. We illustrate this technique for CO, creating a photoelectron from the C(1s) shell and scanning its energy from zero to 30 eV. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Caen, ISMRA, CNRS, CEA,CIRIL, F-14070 Caen 5, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Landers, A (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM allen.landers@wmich.edu RI Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Landers, Allen/C-1213-2013; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; Cassimi, Amine/J-9165-2014 OI Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; Cassimi, Amine/0000-0002-3367-4066 NR 16 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 AR 013002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.013002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451VK UT WOS:000169822900015 PM 11461463 ER PT J AU Osborn, R Goremychkin, EA Kolesnikov, AI Hinks, DG AF Osborn, R Goremychkin, EA Kolesnikov, AI Hinks, DG TI Phonon density of states in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS AB We report inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the phonon density of states in (MgB2)-B-11, which has a superconducting transition at 39.2 K. The acoustic phonons extend in energy to 36 meV, and there are highly dispersive optic branches peaking at 54, 78, 89, and 97 meV. A simple Born-von Karman model reproduces the mode energies, and provides an estimate of the electron-phonon coupling of lambda similar to 0.9. Furthermore, the estimated boron and magnesium contributions to the isotope effect art: in qualitative agreement with experiment. The data confirm that a conventional phonon mechanism, with moderately strong electron-phonon coupling, can explain the observed superconductivity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Osborn, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140; Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 16 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 AR 017005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.017005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451VK UT WOS:000169822900041 ER PT J AU Zaliznyak, IA Lee, SH Petrov, SV AF Zaliznyak, IA Lee, SH Petrov, SV TI Continuum in the spin-excitation spectrum of a haldane chain observed by neutron scattering in CsNiCl3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL ANTIFERROMAGNET; ELEMENTARY EXCITATIONS; MONTE-CARLO; GAP ANTIFERROMAGNETS; DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES; MAGNETIZATION; CONJECTURE; MODEL AB The spin-excitation continuum, expected to dominate the low-energy fluctuation spectrum in the Haldane spin chain around the Brillouin zone center, q = 0, is directly observed by inelastic magnetic neutron scattering in the S = 1 quasi-1D antiferromagnet CsNiCl3. We find that the single mode approximation fails, and that a finite energy width appears in the dynamic correlation function S(q,omega) for q less than or similar to 0.5 pi. The width increases with decreasing q, while S(q,omega) acquires an asymmetric shape qualitatively similar to that predicted for the two-magnon continuum in the nonlinear sigma -model. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. PL Kapitza Phys Problems Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. RP Zaliznyak, IA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Zaliznyak, Igor/E-8532-2014 OI Zaliznyak, Igor/0000-0002-9886-3255 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 AR 017202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.017202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451VK UT WOS:000169822900045 PM 11461493 ER PT J AU Timmermans, E Furuya, K Milonni, PW Kerman, AK AF Timmermans, E Furuya, K Milonni, PW Kerman, AK TI Prospect of creating a composite Fermi-Bose superfluid SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; FESHBACH RESONANCES; ATOMIC GAS AB We show that composite Fermi-Bose superfluids can be created in cold-atom traps by employing a Feshbach resonance or coherent photoassociation. The bosonic molecular condensate created in this way implies a new fermion pairing mechanism associated with the exchange of fermion pairs between the molecular condensate and an atomic fermion superfluid. We predict macroscopically coherent, Josephson-Like oscillations of the atomic and molecular populations in response to a sudden change of the molecular energy, and suggest that these oscillations will provide an experimental signature of the pairing. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Timmermans, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T4, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 NR 25 TC 302 Z9 304 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 3-4 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(01)00346-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 451EB UT WOS:000169787200019 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, HL Perkins, EJ Bridges, TS Tonucci, RJ Fleming, JK Nagel, A Diedrich, K Mendez-Tenorio, A Doktycz, MJ Beattie, KL AF Fredrickson, HL Perkins, EJ Bridges, TS Tonucci, RJ Fleming, JK Nagel, A Diedrich, K Mendez-Tenorio, A Doktycz, MJ Beattie, KL TI Towards environmental toxicogenomics - development of a flow-through, high-density DNA hybridization array and its application to ecotoxicity assessment SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment Approaches for the 21st Century CY APR 10-13, 2000 CL KINGS ISL, OH SP Tri Serv USAF, USA, USN Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE genosensor; stress-response genes; transcriptional-level toxic response ID NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA ANNELIDA; TETHERED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; BIOASSAY; SEDIMENT; GLASS; OPTIMIZATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Assessment of the environmental hazard posed by soils/sediments containing low to moderate levels of contaminants using standard analytical chemical methods is uncertain due (in part) to a lack of information on contaminant bioavailability, the unknown interactive effects of contaminant mixtures, our inability to determine the species of a metal in an environmental matrix, and the relative sensitivity of bioassay species. Regulatory agencies compensate for this uncertainty by lowering cleanup goals, but in this process they effectively exclude otherwise attractive cleanup options (i.e. bioremediation). Direct evaluations of soil and sediment toxicity preclude uncertainty from most of these sources. However, the time and cost of chronic toxicity tests limits their general application to higher levels of tiered toxicity assessments. Transcriptional level (mRNA) toxicity assessments offer great advantages in terms of speed, cost and sample throughput. These advantages are currently offset by questions about the environmental relevance of molecular level responses. To this end a flow-through, high-density DNA hybridization array (genosensor) system specifically designed for environmental risk assessment was developed. The genosensor is based on highly regular microchannel glass wafers to which gene probes are covalently bound at discrete (200-mum diameter spot) and addressable (250-mum spot pitch) locations. The flow-through design enables hybridization and washing times to be reduced from approximately 18 h to 20 min. The genosensor was configured so that DNA from 28 environmental samples can be simultaneously hybridized with up to 64 different gene probes. The standard microscopic slide format facilitates data capture with most automated array readers and, thus high sample throughput (> 350 sample/h). In conclusion, hardware development for molecular analysis is enabling very tractable means for analyzing RNA and DNA. These developments have underscored the need for further developmental work in probe design software, and the need to relate transcriptional level data to whale-organism toxicity indicators. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Fredrickson, HL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM fredrih@wes.army.mil RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00739-2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450EH UT WOS:000169728200013 PM 11453290 ER PT J AU Efroymson, RA Murphy, DL AF Efroymson, RA Murphy, DL TI Ecological risk assessment of multimedia hazardous air pollutants: estimating exposure and effects SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment Approaches for the 21st Century CY APR 10-13, 2000 CL KINGS ISL, OHIO SP Tri Serv USAF, USA, USN Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE air pollution; multimedia model; ecological risk assessment; exposure ID MODEL; CHEMICALS AB Hazardous air pollutants, some of which have the potential far multimedia distribution, raise several hurdles for ecological risk assessment including: (1) the development of an adequate transport, fate and exposure model; and (2) the selection of exposure-response models that can accommodate multiple exposure routes for ecological receptors. To address the first issue, the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards has developed TRIM.FaTE, a mass-balance, fate, transport, and ecological exposure model that is a component of the Total Risk Integrated Methodology (TRIM) for air pollutants. In addition to abiotic transfers and transformations, TRIM.FaTE estimates the uptake of a chemical by terrestrial and aquatic organisms with time. Measures of exposure that TRIM.FaTE can provide include: (1) body burdens or tissue concentrations; (2) doses averaged over any time period; or (3) concentrations of chemicals in abiotic media. The model provides the user with the flexibility to choose the exposure-response thresholds or dose-response relationships that are best suited to data availability, routes of exposure, and the mechanism of toxicity of the chemical to an ecological receptor. One of the challenges of incorporating TRIM.FaTE into a risk assessment methodology lies in defining a streamlined model simulation scenario for initial screening-level risk assessments. These assessments may encompass multiple facilities that emit a variety of pollutants near diverse ecosystems. The information on ecological risk assessment methodology that is described is applicable to the EPA Residual Risk Program with emphasis on multimedia pollutants and the role of TRIM.FaTE. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00745-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450EH UT WOS:000169728200020 PM 11453299 ER PT J AU Sydelko, PJ Hlohowskyj, I Majerus, K Christiansen, J Dolph, J AF Sydelko, PJ Hlohowskyj, I Majerus, K Christiansen, J Dolph, J TI An object-oriented framework for dynamic ecosystem modeling: application for integrated risk assessment SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment Approaches for the 21st Century CY APR 10-13, 2000 CL KINGS ISL, OHIO SP Tri Serv USAF, USA, USN Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE integrated ecological risk assessment; ecological modeling; fate and transport modeling; object-oriented architecture; code reuse; dynamic information architecture system (DIAS) ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKES; GIS AB Ecological risk assessment requires the integration of a wide range of data on anthropogenic processes, ecological processes and on processes related to environmental fate and transport. It is a major challenge to assemble a simulation system that can successfully capture the dynamics of complex ecological systems and an even more serious challenge to be able to adapt such a simulation to shifting and expanding analytical requirements and contexts. The dynamic information architecture system (DIAS) is a flexible, extensible, object-based framework for developing and maintaining complex simulations. DIAS supports simulations in which the real-world entities that make up ecological systems are represented as software 'entity objects'. The object-oriented integrated dynamic landscape analysis and modeling system (OO-IDLAMS) provides a good example of how DIAS has been used to build a suite of models for the purpose of assessing the ecological impacts of military land use and land management practices. OO-IDLAMS is a prototype conservation modeling suite that provides military environmental managers and decision-makers with a strategic, integrated and adaptive approach to natural resources planning and ecosystem management. The OO-IDLAMS prototype used Fort Riley, Kansas as a case study to demonstrate DIAS' capabilities to offer flexibility, interprocess dynamics and cost-effective reuse of code for ecosystem modeling and simulation. DIAS can also readily lend itself to other applications in ecological risk assessment. It has great potential for the integration of ecological models (associated with biological uptake and effects) with environmental fate and transport models. A DIAS ecological risk assessment application could be used to predict the magnitude and extent of ecological risks and evaluate remedy effectiveness in a timely and cost-effective manner. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP Sydelko, PJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,DIS-900, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00748-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450EH UT WOS:000169728200023 PM 11453302 ER PT J AU Miller, JS Manson, JL AF Miller, JS Manson, JL TI Designer magnets containing cyanides and nitriles SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID MOLECULE-BASED MAGNETS; 1-D COORDINATION POLYMERS; SPIN-GLASS BEHAVIOR; M = CO; PRUSSIAN BLUE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ORDERING TEMPERATURE; DICYANAMIDE ANION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; THIN-FILM AB Magnets synthesized from molecules have contributed to the renaissance in the study of magnetic materials. Three-dimensional network solids exhibiting magnetic ordering have been made from several first-row metal ions and bridging unsaturated cyanide, tricyanomethanide, and/or dicyanamide ligands. These materials possess several different structural motifs, and the shorter the bridge, the stronger the interaction (i.e., -C dropN- > -N dropC-N much greater than N dropC-N-C dropN-=N dropC-C-C dropN-). Cyanide additionally has the ability to discriminate between C- and N-bonding to form ordered heterobimetallic magnets, and the strong coupling can lead to ferro- or ferrimagnetic ordering substantially above room temperature, Tricoordination of tricyanomethanide results in spin-frustrated systems, which possess interpenetrating rutile-like networks. In contrast, single rutile-like frameworks are formed by mu (3)-bonded dicyanamide, which leads to ferromagnetics and weak ferromagnetics. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miller, JS (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, 315 S 1400 E Rm 2124, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 61 TC 341 Z9 345 U1 9 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 34 IS 7 BP 563 EP 570 DI 10.1021/ar0000354 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 458BT UT WOS:000170173900005 PM 11456474 ER PT J AU Foster, I AF Foster, I TI Opening plenary - Parallel computing in 2010: Opportunities and challenges in a networked world - Abstracts SO ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Foster, Ian/A-1357-2007 OI Foster, Ian/0000-0003-2129-5269 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0362-1340 J9 ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES JI ACM Sigplan Not. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1145/568014.379546 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 458QW UT WOS:000170206900002 ER PT J AU Vetter, JS McCracken, MO AF Vetter, JS McCracken, MO TI Statistical scalability analysis of communication operations in distributed applications SO ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on the Principles and Practice of Parallel Computing CY JUN 18-19, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UTAH AB Current trends in high performance computing suggest that users will soon have widespread access to clusters of multiprocessors with hundreds, if not thousands, of processors. This unprecedented degree of parallelism will undoubtedly expose scalability limitations in existing applications, where scalability is the ability of a parallel algorithm on a parallel architecture to effectively utilize an increasing number of processors. Users will need precise and automated techniques for detecting the cause of limited scalability. This paper addresses this dilemma. First, we argue that users face numerous challenges in understanding application scalability: managing substantial amounts of experiment data, extracting useful trends from this data, and reconciling performance information with their application's design. Second, we propose a solution to automate this data analysis problem by applying fundamental statistical techniques to scalability experiment data. Finally, we evaluate our operational prototype on several applications, and show that statistical techniques offer an effective strategy for assessing application scalability. In particular, we find that non-parametric correlation of the number of tasks to the ratio of the time for communication operations to overall communication time provides a reliable measure for identifying communication operations that scale poorly. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vetter, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0362-1340 J9 ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES JI ACM Sigplan Not. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 36 IS 7 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1145/568014.379590 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 458QW UT WOS:000170206900016 ER PT J AU Gertsman, VY AF Gertsman, VY TI Geometrical theory of triple junctions of CSL boundaries SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID COINCIDENCE-SITE LATTICE AB When three grain boundaries having misorientations generating coincidence site lattices (CSLs) meet at a triple junction, a common (triple-junction) CSL is formed. A theory is developed as a set of theorems establishing the relationships between the geometrical parameters of the grain-boundary and triple-junction CSLs. Application of the theory is demonstrated in detail for the case of the cubic crystal system. It is also shown how the theory can be extended to an arbitrary crystal lattice. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gertsman, VY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,P8-16, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JUL PY 2001 VL 57 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1107/S0108767301000654 PN 4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 446TY UT WOS:000169531300001 PM 11418746 ER PT J AU Dauter, Z Adamiak, DA AF Dauter, Z Adamiak, DA TI Anomalous signal of phosphorus used for phasing DNA oligomer: importance of data redundancy SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; HELICAL DNA; SCATTERING; PROTEIN; REFINEMENT; DISPERSION AB The crystal structure of a left-handed Z-DNA hexamer duplex d(CGCGCG)(2) has been solved based on the anomalous diffraction signal of inherent P atoms using data collected at the single wavelength of 1.54 Angstrom. The anomalous signal of about 2% of the total diffracted intensity, constant for all nucleic acids, may be generally useful for solving crystal structures of DNA and RNA oligomers. The multiplicity of intensity measurements is shown to crucially affect the data quality and the ability to solve the phase problem. The anisotropic model refined to an R factor of 8.9% at 0.95 Angstrom resolution. C1 NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bioorgan Chem, PL-617 Poznan, Poland. RP Dauter, Z (reprint author), NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Bldg 725A-X9, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dauter@bnl.gov NR 39 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 57 BP 990 EP 995 DI 10.1107/S0907444901006382 PN 7 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 446VK UT WOS:000169534700008 PM 11418767 ER PT J AU Nagem, RAP Dauter, Z Polikarpov, I AF Nagem, RAP Dauter, Z Polikarpov, I TI Protein crystal structure solution by fast incorporation of negatively and positively charged anomalous scatterers SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PHASE REFINEMENT; DIFFRACTION AB The preparation of derivatives by the traditional methods of soaking is one of the most time-consuming steps in protein crystal structure solution by X-ray diffraction techniques. The `quick cryosoaking' procedure for derivatization with halides (monovalent anions) offers the possibility of significantly speeding up this process [Dauter et al. (2000), Acta Cryst. D56, 232-237]. In the present work, an extension of this technique is proposed and the use of two different classes of compounds (monovalent and polyvalent cations) that can be successfully utilized in the quick cryosoaking procedure for the derivatization and phasing of protein crystals is described. This approach has been tested on hen egg-white lysozyme and has been successfully used to solve the structure of a novel trypsin inhibitor. The possibility of using cations in the fast cryosoaking procedure gives additional flexibility in the process of derivatization and increases the chances of success in phase determination. This method can be applied to high-throughput crystallographic projects. C1 Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. UNICAMP, Dept Fis, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Polikarpov, I (reprint author), Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, Caixa Postal 6192, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RI Nagem, Ronaldo/K-3995-2012; Polikarpov, Igor/D-2575-2012; OI Nagem, Ronaldo/0000-0001-7219-1625 NR 25 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 57 BP 996 EP 1002 DI 10.1107/S0907444901007260 PN 7 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 446VK UT WOS:000169534700009 PM 11418768 ER PT J AU Korolev, S Dementieva, I Sanishvili, R Minor, W Otwinowski, Z Joachimiak, A AF Korolev, S Dementieva, I Sanishvili, R Minor, W Otwinowski, Z Joachimiak, A TI Using surface-bound rubidium ions for protein phasing SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION MAD; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SELENOMETHIONYL PROTEINS; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; BINDING-SITE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; WAVELENGTHS; RECOGNITION AB Rubidium is a monovalent metal that can be used as a counterion in protein solutions. X-ray anomalous scattering from rubidium ions bound to the protein surface was used for phasing of the crystal structure of the hsp60 apical domain from Thermus thermophilus. Multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) data were collected from a crystal obtained from a solution containing 0.2 M rubidium salt. One molecule of protein (147 amino acids) binds one well ordered and one poorly ordered Rb atom. Phases calculated with the program SHARP were sufficient for automatic tracing and side-chain assignment using the program ARP/wARP. The data show that bound rubidium ions can be used to determine protein structures and to study the interaction of monovalent metal ions with proteins and other macromolecules. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. RP Joachimiak, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Otwinowski, Zbyszek/F-3665-2011; Minor, Wladek/F-3096-2014; OI Minor, Wladek/0000-0001-7075-7090 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062414] NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 57 BP 1008 EP 1012 DI 10.1107/S0907444901007302 PN 7 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 446VK UT WOS:000169534700011 PM 11418770 ER PT J AU Zhao, P Kennedy, M Dor, J Xie, EJ Du, SP Shuster, D Jin, J AF Zhao, P Kennedy, M Dor, J Xie, EJ Du, SP Shuster, D Jin, J TI Noble gases constraints on the origin and evolution of geothermal fluids from the Yangbajain geothermal field, Tibet. SO ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA LA Chinese DT Article DE noble gas isotope; geothermal fluid; conceptual model; Yangbajain AB The relative abundances and isotopic composition of noble gases in selected wells were determined to identify heat source, the relationship between shallow and deep thermal fluids, and fluid migration. The thermal fluids contain large He-4 excesses with He-3/He-4 ratios of 0.087 similar to0.259 times the ratio in air. Heat source in the region is inferred to be partial melting of the crust at depth. The dense cold groundwater pulled by gravity moves down through the pediment fault of the Nyainquentanglha Mts. Along the flow path, the water absorbs heat from wallrock and gradually loses its density. Differential densities between the thermal and cold waters drive the thermal water to shallow depths. The deep thermal fluid found only in the northern part of the field has the highest He-4-enrichment [F(He-4)-7500] and the highest He-3/He-4 ratio (0.259Ra). When the thermal water approaches the surface, the pressure in the fracture zone decreases so that the thermal water can boil CO2- and H2S-rich steam escaping from the boiling water along its ascent channel. Production wells ZK354 and ZK357, located in the upwelling zone, have slightly higher He-3/He-4 ratios and F (He-4) values than the others nearby. When the upflow of the deep thermal water is blocked, the pressure drives it laterally toward the southeast where it enters the shallow reservoir after mixing with the cold groundwater. The shallow reservoir consists of Quaternary alluvium and altered granite, opal and calcite precipitate from the thermal water to form a self-sealed alluvium cap. As the shallow thermal fluid migrates towards the southeast, helium will escape from the reservoir through a thin and loose alluvium cap while at the same time radiogenic helium produced in the underlying granite, will be added to the migrating fluid. These cause the He-3/He-4 ratios and F (He-4) values decrease from northwest to southeast. The relationship between F (Kr-84) and F (Xe-132) values implies that krypton and xenon components are of a meteoric origin for both the shallow and deep thermal fluids. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Geothermal Geol Team Tibet, Lhasa, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-0569 J9 ACTA PETROL SIN JI Acta Petrol. Sin. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 497 EP 503 PG 7 WC Geology SC Geology GA 459HE UT WOS:000170244300020 ER PT J AU Ward, BFL AF Ward, BFL TI Size of penguin pollution of the CKM CP violating phase in (B)over-bar(s) -> rho K-S SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article ID 2-BODY B-DECAYS; UNITARITY TRIANGLE; BRANCHING RATIOS; FACTORIZATION APPROACH; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; NONLEPTONIC DECAYS; STANDARD MODEL; FORM-FACTORS; ASYMMETRIES; MESONS AB We use the perturbative QCD methods of Lepage and Brodsky to calculate the rate for (B) over bar (s) --> rhoK(S), with an eye toward the CP violating unitarity triangle angle gamma. We show that, although the penguins are large, there are regions of the allowed parameter space of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) mixing matrix wherein gamma is measurable in the sense that penguins change of the value of sin(2 gamma) one would extract from the attendant time dependent asymmetry measurement by less than 29%, so that a 3 sigma measurement of sin(2 gamma) as being different from 0 is allowed by the corresponding theoretical uncertainty. This would establish CP violation in B-s decays. The rates which we find tend to favour the type of luminosities now envisioned for hadron-based B-factories. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PRESS PI KRAKOW PA UL MICHALOWSKIEGO 9-2, KRAKOW, 31126, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 32 IS 7-8 BP 2059 EP 2080 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 461MZ UT WOS:000170369200002 ER PT J AU Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB AF Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB TI Characterization of thermal barrier coatings using thermal methods SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Although low thermal conductivity was one of the major reasons for the development of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) based on yttria stablilized zirconia (YSZ), its mechanical properties are often considered crucial in failure analysis and assessment of coatings. Thermal properties usually are treated as just basic material parameters and have not been utilized widely in TBC characterization and failure analysis. In fact, thermal transport properties such as thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are closely related to the microstructural changes of the TBC. In this paper, a brief overview of characterization of TBCs using thermal thermophysical properties and temperature mapping is presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 3 IS 7 BP 465 EP 468 DI 10.1002/1527-2648(200107)3:7<465::AID-ADEM465>3.0.CO;2-G PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 459EH UT WOS:000170237700009 ER PT J AU Herling, DR Grant, GJ Hunt, W AF Herling, DR Grant, GJ Hunt, W TI Low-cost aluminum metal-matrix composites SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB The economics of the MC-21 rapid mixing process and lower-cost raw materials show a strong potential for being able to produce a castable 359/SiC/20p aluminum MMC product for close to $2.20 per kg ($1 per pound). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Aluminium Consultants Grp, Murrysville, PA USA. RP Herling, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MS P8-35, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 159 IS 7 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 449VQ UT WOS:000169708200005 ER PT J AU Gerdemann, SJ AF Gerdemann, SJ TI Titanium process technologies SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB When titanium became available after World War II, many thought that it would become as commonplace as aluminium. That has not happened because titanium remains very expensive, mostly due to the high cost of extraction. C1 US Bur Mines, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Gerdemann, SJ (reprint author), US Bur Mines, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 159 IS 7 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 449VQ UT WOS:000169708200006 ER PT J AU Jones, JE Woodward, CS AF Jones, JE Woodward, CS TI Newton-Krylov-multigrid solvers for large-scale, highly heterogeneous, variably saturated flow problems SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE variably saturated flow; Richards' equation; preconditioning; Newton-Krylov; multigrid; anisotropy ID RICHARDS EQUATION; POROUS-MEDIA; UNSATURATED FLOW; ALGORITHM; SOILS; COEFFICIENTS; CONVERGENCE; MACHINES; SYSTEMS; FORM AB In this paper, we present a class of solvers developed for the parallel solution of Richards' equation, a model used in variably saturated flow simulations. These solvers take advantage of the fast, robust convergence of globalized Newton methods as well as the parallel scalability of multigrid preconditioners. We compare two multigrid methods. The methods differ primarily in their handling of discontinuous and anisotropic permeability fields, with one method invoking a simple pointwise smoothing technique and the other a more expensive plane smoother. Computational results are presented to show the effectiveness of the entire nonlinear solution procedure, to demonstrate the effect of discontinuities and anisotropies, and to explore parallel efficiencies. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Woodward, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Woodward, Carol/M-4008-2014; OI Jones, Jim/0000-0002-0144-6130 NR 29 TC 129 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 24 IS 7 BP 763 EP 774 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(00)00075-0 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 446LF UT WOS:000169514200005 ER PT J AU Buzorius, G AF Buzorius, G TI Cut-off sizes and time constants of the CPC TSI 3010 operating at 1-3 lpm flow rates SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COUNTER AB Recently, condensation particle counters have been applied in the rapidly changing number concentration measurements. In addition to cut-off size, a dynamic characteristic as time constant becomes important. It shows a time scale of the fastest possible changes in concentration to be measured by the instrument. In this study, the time constant of the condensation particle counter TSI 3010 was determined to be 0.83, 0.56, and 0.40 s at 1, 2, and 3 lpm sampling flow rates. In increasing the flow rate, the time constant of the instrument decreases. Changes in cut-off sizes due to changes in the sampling flow rate at various temperature differences were studied. The experiments showed that the CPCTSI 3010 has almost the same cut-off size at the default (1 lpm sampling flow rate and 17 degrees difference between the temperatures of the condenser and saturator chambers) settings as at a 3 lpm sampling flow rate and 23 degrees difference. The CPC TSI 3010 response to the step and sinusoidal changes in number concentration are analyzed. The increasing sinusoidal oscillation frequency attenuates the CPC output. At 1/2 Hz frequency the CPC TSI 3025 is able to register almost the full amplitude of oscillations, while the CPC TSI 3010 attenuates around half of the amplitude. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. RP Buzorius, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Labs, Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 577 EP 585 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 451HZ UT WOS:000169797800004 ER PT J AU Ross, SM King, JR Izaurralde, RC O'Donovan, JT AF Ross, SM King, JR Izaurralde, RC O'Donovan, JT TI Weed suppression by seven clover species SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COVER CROPS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREEN MANURE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; ANNUAL LEGUMES; GROUND COVER; GROWTH; COMPONENTS; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY AB Used as cover crops, clover species may differ in their ability to suppress weed growth. Field trials were conducted in Alberta, Canada to measure the growth of brown mustard [Brassica juneca (L.) Czern.], in mowed and nonmowed production, as influenced by alsike (Trifolium hybridum L.), balansa [T. michelianum Savi var. balansae (Boiss.) Azn.], berseem (T. alexandrinum L.), crimson (T. incarnatum L,), Persian (T. resupinatum L.), red (T. pratense L,), and white Dutch (T. repens L.) clover and tall rye (Secale cereale L.). In 1997, clovers reduced mustard biomass in nonmowed treatments by 29% on a high-fertility soil (Typic Cryoboroll) at Edmonton and by 57% on a low-fertility soil (Typic Cryoboralf) at Breton, At Edmonton, nonmowed mustard biomass was reduced by alsike and berseem clover in 1996 and by alsike, balansa, berseem, and crimson clover in 1997, At Breton, all seven clover species suppressed weed biomass, A negative correlation was noted among clover and mustard biomass at Edmonton but not at Breton, The effects of mowing varied with location, timing, and species. Mowing was beneficial to crop/weed proportion at Edmonton but not at Breton. Mowing at early flowering of mustard produced greater benefit than mowing at late flowering. With early mowing, all clover species suppressed mustard growth at Edmonton. Clovers reduced mustard regrowth (g plant(-1)) and the number of mustard plants producing regrowth, The characteristics of berseem clover (upright growth, long stems, high biomass, and late flowering) would support its use as a cover crop or forage in north-central Alberta. C1 Univ Alberta, Agr Forestry Ctr 410, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. Battelle Pacif Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, No Agr Res Ctr, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada. RP King, JR (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Agr Forestry Ctr 410, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. RI Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012 NR 42 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 93 IS 4 BP 820 EP 827 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 455VB UT WOS:000170047500010 ER PT J AU Moyer, ES Smith, SJ Wood, GO AF Moyer, ES Smith, SJ Wood, GO TI Carbon tetrachloride replacement compounds for organic vapor air-purifying respirator cartridge and activated carbon testing - A review SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; carbon tetrachloride; cartridges; respirators; substitution AB This article reviews efforts by researchers and organizations around the world to identify chemicals as substitutes for carbon tetrachloride in measuring activated carbon activity (adsorption capacity) or organic vapor air-purifying respirator cartridge (or other packed carbon bed) breakthrough times. Such measurements usually are done to determine if a minimum performance standard is met. Different criteria have been established, supporting data developed and used, and conclusions reached. This article presents relevant published, unpublished, obscure, and recalculated data which the reader can use to make a choice of replacement chemical and testing conditions. No recommendations for a specific replacement chemical are endorsed or promoted in this review. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Hyg & Safety Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Lab Res Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. 3M Canada, Brockville, ON K6V 5V8, Canada. RP Wood, GO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Hyg & Safety Grp, ESH-5 Mail Stop K486, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 62 IS 4 BP 494 EP 507 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(2001)062<0494:CTRCFO>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 466YH UT WOS:000170673400012 PM 11549144 ER PT J AU Armitage, RA Brady, JE Cobb, A Southon, JR Rowe, MW AF Armitage, RA Brady, JE Cobb, A Southon, JR Rowe, MW TI Mass spectrometric radiocarbon dates from three rock paintings of known age SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FORESTS; AMS; RATIOS; CAVE; ART AB Radiocarbon age determinations are presented on three hieroglyphic texts from Naj Tunich cave in Guatemala containing Maya calendar dates. The ages obtained are on average 110-140 years older than the calendar dates. Several possible reasons are discussed for this discrepancy: one that is applicable to all radiocarbon dates on charcoal, one that applies to rock paintings, and one that is specific for the tropics. Possible problems with the ages ascribed to the Maya calendar dates are also discussed. Even with the potential problems that may exist, these dates still fall within 110-140 years of the ascribed calendar dates. Caution is urged in the interpretation of dates on charcoal pigments from rock paintings; consideration of the "old wood" and "old charcoal" factors is important. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Armitage, RA (reprint author), St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Chem, Div Nat Sci & Math, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 66 IS 3 BP 471 EP 480 DI 10.2307/2694245 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 455DV UT WOS:000170013000005 ER PT J AU Diaz-Granados, C Rowe, MW Hyman, M Duncan, JR Southon, JR AF Diaz-Granados, C Rowe, MW Hyman, M Duncan, JR Southon, JR TI AMS radiocarbon dates for charcoal from three Missouri pictographs and their associated iconography SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID C-14 AB The report presents four radiocarbon dates of charcoal pigments from Picture Cave, a site located in a remote wooded area in east-central Missouri. Carbon from charcoal pigments was extracted from three rock drawings on the wall of this cave. The four pigment samples contained sufficient carbon for accelerator mass spectrometric radiocarbon analysis. These black pigments samples (red and white paints are also present in the cave) yielded dates that place their affiliated motifs in a time-frame associated with Cahokia ca. 950 years ago. The dates are somewhat earlier than expected. We discuss the dates in connection with the iconography of three motif panels tested. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lab Accelerator Mass Spect, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Diaz-Granados, C (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 66 IS 3 BP 481 EP 492 DI 10.2307/2694246 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 455DV UT WOS:000170013000006 ER PT J AU Van Meter, JR Carlip, S Hartemann, FV AF Van Meter, JR Carlip, S Hartemann, FV TI Reflection of plane waves from a uniformly accelerating mirror SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZERO-POINT RADIATION; CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS; SPACE-TIME; VANDERWAALS FORCES; PARTICLE; RINDLER; DECOHERENCE; OSCILLATOR; DETECTOR; RECOILS AB The problem of the reflection of a plane wave at normal incidence to a perfectly conducting mirror with uniform proper acceleration is investigated. The reflected wave is found to be frequency chirped, as expected, but with the somewhat surprising feature that its amplitude decreases rapidly (as z(-2)) with distance. In order to fully elucidate the underlying physics involved, this result is obtained by two different methods, one employing the Rindler transform and one employing the Lorentz transform. (C) 2001 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Van Meter, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI van meter, james/E-7893-2011 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 69 IS 7 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1119/1.1359517 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 445FF UT WOS:000169446900007 ER PT J AU Becker, U Rosso, KM AF Becker, U Rosso, KM TI Step edges on galena (100): Probing the basis for defect driven surface reactivity at the atomic scale SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; STM IMAGES; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; SULFIDE MINERALS; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; PYRITE(100) SURFACES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; CLUSTER-MODELS AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of the PbS (100) surface with a step and several kinks were obtained with atomic resolution. These images show an increased tunneling current at step edge sites and an apparent deformation of the lattice near the step. The experimental images are compared with theoretical ab initio calculations for which we developed a hybrid method of constant current and constant height mode STM image simulation. With these calculations, we find that the apparent deformation is mainly an electronic effect rather than relaxation of atoms. In addition, with the help of these calculations, we can identify the changes of individual terrace-like and step-like orbitals that are observed using the STM in terms of the energy, density and shape of these states. This detailed knowledge of the electronic behavior of the PbS surface near a step can be used as a basis for explaining adsorption, acid/base, and redox behavior on PbS terraces and at steps, and the differences between the two. C1 Univ Munster, Inst Mineral, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Becker, U (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Mineral, Corrensstr 24, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RI Becker, Udo/F-7339-2011 OI Becker, Udo/0000-0002-1550-0484 NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 86 IS 7-8 BP 862 EP 870 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 451PG UT WOS:000169810000009 ER PT J AU Shen, YF Tolic, N Zhao, R Pasa-Tolic, L Li, LJ Berger, SJ Harkewicz, R Anderson, GA Belov, ME Smith, RD AF Shen, YF Tolic, N Zhao, R Pasa-Tolic, L Li, LJ Berger, SJ Harkewicz, R Anderson, GA Belov, ME Smith, RD TI High-throughput proteomics using high efficiency multiple-capillary liquid chromatography with on-line high-performance ESI FTICR mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; EXPRESSION AB We report on the design and application of a high-efficiency multiple-capillary liquid chromatography (LC) system for high-throughput proteome analysis, The multiple-capillary LC system using commercial LC pumps was operated at a pressure of 10 000 psi to deliver mobile phases through a novel passive feedback valve arrangement that permitted mobile-phase now path switching and efficient sample introduction, The multiple-capillary LC system uses several serially connected dual-capillary column devices. The dual-capillary column approach eliminates the time delays for column regeneration (or equilibration) since one capillary column was used for a separation while the other was being washed. Several serially connected dual-capillary columns and electrospray ionization (ESI) sources were operated independently and can be used either for "backup" operation or for parallel operation with other mass spectrometers. This high-efficiency multiple-capillary LC system utilizes switching valves for all operations, enabling automated operation. The separation efficiency of the dual-capillary column arrangement, optimal capillary dimensions (column length and packed particle size), capillary regeneration conditions, and mobile-phase compositions and their compatibility with electrospray ionization were investigated. A high magnetic field (11.4 T) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer was coupled on-line with this high-efficiency multiple-capillary LC system using an ESI interface. The capillary LC provided a peak capacity of similar to 650, and the 2-D capillary LC-FTICR analysis provided a combined resolving power of > 6 x 10(7) components. For yeast cytosolic tryptic digests > 100 000 polypeptides were detected, and similar to 1000 proteins could be characterized from a single capillary LC-FTICR analysis using the high mass measurement accuracy (similar to1 ppm) of FTICR, and likely more if LC retention time information were also exploited for peptide identification. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 81654] NR 31 TC 175 Z9 177 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 13 BP 3011 EP 3021 DI 10.1021/ac001393n PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 448ZP UT WOS:000169660100036 PM 11467548 ER PT J AU Cook, HA Hu, WZ Fritz, JS Haddad, PR AF Cook, HA Hu, WZ Fritz, JS Haddad, PR TI A mechanism of separation in electrostatic ion chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ZWITTERIONIC STATIONARY-PHASE; INORGANIC ANIONS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CATIONS; SURFACTANTS; BEHAVIORS; PROTEINS; MICELLES; WATER AB The retention mechanism of electrostatic ion chromatography (EIC) is currently under debate and is the focus of this paper. A comprehensive set of retention data has been obtained on a C18 column coated with the zwitterionic surfactant 3-(N,N-dimethylmyristylammonio)propane-sulfonate used with a range of mobile phases in which both the mobile-phase anion and cation have been varied systematically. Electro-osmotic flow measurements were also obtained on fused-silica capillaries coated with the zwitterion (and also some monofunctional surfactants) and were used to evaluate the nature of the surface charge on the layer of adsorbed surfactant in the presence of various background electrolytes. A new retention mechanism for EIC was developed on the basis of these data. This mechanism proposes that equilibration of the bound zwitterions with a mobile phase containing a suitable electrolyte causes the establishment of a charged layer created by the terminal sulfonate groups of the zwitterion, which acts as a Donnan membrane. The magnitude and polarity of the charge on this membrane depends on the nature of the mobile-phase ions. The Donnan membrane exerts weak electrostatic repulsion or attraction effects on analyte anions. A second component of the retention mechanism is chaotropic interaction of the analyte anion with the quaternary ammonium functional group of the zwitterion. This interaction exerts the major effect on the separation selectivity of EIC, such that analyte anions are eluted in order of increasing chaotropic interactions in accordance with the Hofmeister series. C1 Univ Tasmania, Sch Chem, Australian Ctr Res Separat Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Chem, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Haddad, PR (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Chem, Australian Ctr Res Separat Sci, GPO Box 252-75, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. NR 21 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 13 BP 3022 EP 3027 DI 10.1021/ac001442w PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 448ZP UT WOS:000169660100037 PM 11467549 ER PT J AU Miyabe, K Guiochon, G AF Miyabe, K Guiochon, G TI Analysis of the surface diffusion of alkylbenzenes and p-alkylphenols in reversed phase liquid chromatography using the surface-restricted molecular diffusion model SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; COLUMN RADIAL HETEROGENEITY; TRANSFER RATE COEFFICIENT; MASS-TRANSFER KINETICS; ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; IMPRINTED STATIONARY-PHASE; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; LINEAR CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; ENANTIOMERIC SEPARATION AB Surface diffusion of alkylbenzene and p-alkylphenol derivatives was measured in reversed-phase liquid chromatography on a C-18-silica column with a methanol/water mixture (70/30, v/v) as the mobile phase. They were analyzed on the basis of the restricted molecular diffusion model for surface diffusion, The temperature dependence of the surface diffusion coefficient (D-s) arises probably from that of molecular diffusivity, suggesting a correlation between surface and molecular diffusion. Other correlations were also observed: (1) an enthalpy-entropy compensation of the retention equilibrium constant, (2) a linear free energy relationship between the retention and surface diffusion, and (3) a linear correlation between the restriction energy of surface diffusion and the isosteric heat of adsorption, The physical meaning of parameters involved in the surface-restricted molecular diffusion model is discussed on the basis of these results. A practical and convenient procedure for the estimation of D-s is also suggested. This study demonstrates how surface diffusion phenomena can be accounted for on the basis of the correlation between surface and molecular diffusion. C1 Toyama Univ, Fac Educ, Toyama 9308555, Japan. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Toyama Univ, Fac Educ, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 9308555, Japan. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 13 BP 3096 EP 3106 DI 10.1021/ac001477w PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 448ZP UT WOS:000169660100047 PM 11467559 ER PT J AU Szmuk, P Rabb, MF Baumgartner, JE Berry, JM Sessler, AM Sessler, DI AF Szmuk, P Rabb, MF Baumgartner, JE Berry, JM Sessler, AM Sessler, DI TI Body morphology and the speed of cutaneous rewarming SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Anesthesiologists CY OCT 17-21, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Anesthesiol ID TISSUE HEAT-CONTENT; MILD HYPOTHERMIA; NONSHIVERING THERMOGENESIS; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; ANESTHETIZED HUMANS; ISCHEMIA; INFANTS; TEMPERATURE; BRAIN; NORMOTHERMIA AB Background: Infants and children cool quickly because their surface area land therefore heat loss) is large compared with their metabolic rate, which is mostly a function of body mass. Rewarming rate is a function of cutaneous heat transfer plus metabolic heat production divided by body mass. Therefore, the authors tested the hypothesis that the rate of forced-air rewarming is inversely related to body size. Methods: Isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and fentanyl anesthesia were administered to infants, children, and adults scheduled to undergo hypothermic neurosurgery. All fluids were warmed to 37 degreesC and ambient temperature was maintained near 21 degreesC, Patients were covered with a full-body, forced-air cover of the appropriate size. The heater was set to low or ambient temperature to reduce core temperature to 34 degreesC in time for dural opening. Blower temperature was then adjusted to maintain core temperature at 34 degreesC for 1 h, Subsequently, the forced-ak heater temperature was set to high (approximate to 43 degreesC). Rewarming continued for the duration of surgery and postoperatively until core temperature exceeded 36.5 degreesC. The rewarming rate in individual patients was determined by linear regression. Results: Rewarming rates were highly linear over time, with correlations coefficients (r(2)) averaging 0.98 +/- 0.02. There was a Linear relation between rewarming rate (degreesC/h) and body surface area (BSA; m(2)): Rate (degreesC/h) = -0.59 (.) BSA(m(2)) + 1.9, r(2) = 0.74. Halving BSA thus nearly doubled the rewarming rate. Conclusions: Infants and children rewarm two to three times faster than adults, thus rapidly recovering from accidental or therapeutic hypothermia. C1 Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Anesthesiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Pediat Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Louisville, Outcomes Res TM Inst, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Anesthesiol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Szmuk, P (reprint author), Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Anesthesiol, 6431 Fannin,MSB 5-020, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 58273] NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD JUL PY 2001 VL 95 IS 1 BP 18 EP 21 DI 10.1097/00000542-200107000-00008 PG 4 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 448YN UT WOS:000169657700004 PM 11465556 ER PT J AU Yahnin, AG Sergeev, VA Bosinger, T Sergienko, TI Kornilov, IA Borodkova, NL Thomsen, MF Belian, RD Sauvaud, JA Lutsenko, VN Skalsky, AA AF Yahnin, AG Sergeev, VA Bosinger, T Sergienko, TI Kornilov, IA Borodkova, NL Thomsen, MF Belian, RD Sauvaud, JA Lutsenko, VN Skalsky, AA TI Correlated interball/ground-based observations of isolated substorm: The pseudobreakup phase SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; particle precipitation; magnetospheric physics; auroral phenomena; plasma sheet ID MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA ANALYZER; LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; AURORAL-ZONE; MAGNETOTAIL; SPACECRAFT; SIGNATURES; SATELLITE; EXPANSION; ONSET AB We study the isolated substorm that occurred after a long quiet period, which showed all of the substorm signatures except for the first half hour of the expansion phase, which could be characterized as a pseudobreakup sequence, rather than a full-scale substorm onset. During the considered event, the substorm's instability leads to a current disruption, which starts at the near-Earth plasma sheet and then propagates tailward. Based on auroral observations, the analysis of geosynchronous plasma injections, and the plasma sheet observations at similar to 15 R-E at the meridian of auroral substorm development we show that (1) before and probably during "pseudobreakup phase", the plasma sheet stayed cold and dense, (2) during the pseudobreakup phase, particle injections at 6.6 R-E were only seen in unusually low energy components, and (3) the electron precipitation into the ionosphere was very soft. We conclude that the basic difference between pseudobreakups and "real" substorm activations was found in the low energy of all manifestations. We suggest that high density and low electron temperature in the plasma sheet are the reasons for low energization in the magnetic reconnection operated on closed field lines in the plasma sheet, as well as the weak field-aligned acceleration, as predicted by the Knight's relationship. The low Hall conductivity could then be the reason for the weal, ground magnetic effects observed. This explanation suggests that the role of the ionospheric conductivity is "passive" as the plasma sheet, rather than the ionosphere, controls the development of the magneto spheric instability. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Polar Geophys Inst, Apatity, Russia. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Oulu, Inst Space Phys, Oulu, Finland. Moscow Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. CNRS, CESR, Toulouse, France. RP Yahnin, AG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Polar Geophys Inst, Apatity, Russia. RI Yahnin, Alexander/B-5254-2014; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013 OI Yahnin, Alexander/0000-0003-1650-5436; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS JI Ann. Geophys. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 19 IS 7 BP 687 EP 698 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 468RU UT WOS:000170772600003 ER PT J AU Khericha, ST AF Khericha, ST TI Development of two-energy group, two-dimensional, frequency dependent detector adjoint function based on the nodal method SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON NOISE DIAGNOSTICS; CONTROL ROD VIBRATIONS; MODEL AB A nodalization technique has been demonstrated to calculate the response of a detector to a vibrating absorber in a reactor con using a concept of local/global components, based on the frequency dependent detector adjoint function. The technique was developed for two-energy group one-dimensional or one-energy group two-dimensional reactor core geometry. The purpose of this research was to expand the applicability of a nodalization model technique to calculate the real and the imaginary parts of the detector adjoint function for two-energy group two-dimensional reactor geometry. The frequency dependent detector adjoint functions presented by complex equations were expanded into real and imaginary parts. In the nodalization technique, the flux or detector adjoint function is expanded into polynomials about the center point of each node. A computer code was developed to calculate static flux for two-energy group, two-dimensional reactor geometry. The eigen value (k(eff)) and static flux were calculated for the Iowa State University UTR-10 reactor and the results were compared against the values calculated using the computer code EXTERMINATOR. The eigen values were within less than 0.1% agreement. The phase angle and the detector adjoint function for the frequency of 10 rad/s were calculated for a detector located in the center of ii 60 x 60 cm reactor. The phase angle calculated by the nodalization model technique varied from 0.2 degrees near the source to 0.4 degrees away from the source. These values are well within the range of the phase angle value of 0.2 degrees calculated using the zero power transfer function. The thermal detector adjoint function peaked in the center as expected. The discontinuity in the current of the real thermal detector adjoint function at the detector position was observed as expected. The average current based on the polynomials on the left node of the interface and the right node of the interface matched within 1% of the average value at the interface. The current of the imaginary fast and thermal detector adjoint function on both sides of the interface varied +/-2% from the average value at the interface. No discontinuity in the current was observed in the case of the fast real and imaginary and thermal imaginary components of the detector adjoint function at the detector location. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Envirom Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Khericha, ST (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Envirom Lab, POB 1625,MS 3850, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD JUL PY 2001 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1049 EP 1068 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(00)00115-8 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 434AV UT WOS:000168793700002 ER PT J AU Chang, YJ Peacock, AD Long, PE Stephen, JR McKinley, JP Macnaughton, SJ Hussain, AKMA Saxton, AM White, DC AF Chang, YJ Peacock, AD Long, PE Stephen, JR McKinley, JP Macnaughton, SJ Hussain, AKMA Saxton, AM White, DC TI Diversity and characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria in groundwater at a uranium mill tailings site SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSIMILATORY SULFITE REDUCTASE; FATTY-ACID BIOMARKERS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; HYBRIDIZATION; SEDIMENTS; PROFILES; GENES; PCR AB Microbially mediated reduction and immobilization of U(VI) to U(TV) plays a role in both natural attenuation and accelerated bioremediation of uranium contaminated sites. To realize bioremediation potential and accurately predict natural attenuation, it is important to first understand the microbial diversity of such sites. In this paper, the distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in contaminated groundwater associated with a uranium mill tailings disposal site at Shiprock, N.Mex,, was investigated. Two culture-independent analyses were employed: sequencing of clone libraries of PCR-amplified dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DSR) gene fragments and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarker analysis. A remarkable diversity among the DSR sequences was revealed, including sequences from F-Proteobacteria, gram-positive organisms, and the Nitrospira division. PLFA analysis detected at least,52 different mid-chain-branched saturate PLFA and included a high proportion of 10me16:0, Desulfotomaculum and Desulfotomaculum-like sequences were the most dominant DSR genes detected. Those belonging to SRB within F-Proteobacteria were mainly recovered from low-uranium (less than or equal to 302 ppb) samples. One Desulfotomaculum like sequence cluster overwhelmingly dominated high-U (>1,500 ppb) sites. Logistic regression showed a significant influence of uranium concentration over the dominance of this cluster of sequences (P = 0.0001), This strong association indicates that Desulfotomaculum has remarkable tolerance and adaptation to high levels of uranium and suggests the organism's possible involvement in natural attenuation of uranium. The in situ activity level of Desulfotomaculum in uranium-contaminated environments and its comparison to the activities of other SRB and other functional groups should be an important area for future research. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Hort Res Int, Crop & Weed Sci, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. AEA Technol Environm, Abingdon OX14 3BD, Oxon, England. RP White, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, 10515 Res Dr,Suite 300, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RI Long, Philip/F-5728-2013 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682 NR 53 TC 142 Z9 148 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 67 IS 7 BP 3149 EP 3160 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.7.3149-3160.2001 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 448AV UT WOS:000169605400039 PM 11425735 ER PT J AU Knauss, KG Dibley, MJ Bourcier, WL Shaw, HF AF Knauss, KG Dibley, MJ Bourcier, WL Shaw, HF TI Ti(IV) hydrolysis constants derived from rutile solubility measurements made from 100 to 300 degrees C SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; TITANIUM(IV) OXIDE; ICP-MS; BEHAVIOR; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; FLUIDS; CELL AB Using a Au-Ir hydrothermal reaction cell and dilute buffer solutions to control pH, the isobaric solubility of rutile (TiO2) was measured over a broad pH range from pH 1 to 13 between 100 and 300 degreesC. The solubility data were regressed to derive the cumulative and stepwise hydrolysis constants for Ti(IV) in aqueous solution. The data were accurately modeled using the hydrolysis species: Ti(OH)(3)(+), Ti(OH)(4)(aq) and Ti(OH)(5)(-). The following cumulative (K-s3, K-s4, K-s5) hydrolysis constants (log K and error, reactions written with respect to the solid oxide) and stepwise (K-34, K-45) hydrolysis constants (log K and error) were determined by regression: [GRAPHICS] These data are required to model the chemical behavior of Ti(IV) in aqueous solutions and provide a baseline for the Ti-solubility-limited dissolution of titanates. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Knauss, KG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Shaw, Henry/B-6445-2012; knauss, kevin/K-2827-2012 OI Shaw, Henry/0000-0003-0681-5430; NR 34 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 16 IS 9-10 BP 1115 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(00)00081-0 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 429AA UT WOS:000168492800009 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, ND Gdowski, GE Knauss, KG AF Rosenberg, ND Gdowski, GE Knauss, KG TI Evaporative chemical evolution of natural waters at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED ZONE; REPOSITORY; MODEL; FLOW; TUFF AB The authors report results from experiments on the evaporative chemical evolution of the two major types of natural waters present at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The first is represented by J13 well water, a dilute Na-HCO3-CO3 water similar to saturated horizons in volcanic tuffs across the western United States. The second is represented by Ca-Cl-SO4-rich pore water that has a higher dissolved ion content, from the unsaturated zone above the repository horizon. Data include anion and cation analysis and qualitative mineral identification for a series of open system experiments, with and without crushed tuff present, conducted at sub-boiling temperatures (75-85 degreesC). This work is motivated by a need to characterize the chemistry of concentrated aqueous films that might form on engineered components at the potential high-level, nuclear-waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada and lead to electrochemical corrosion. The experiments indicate the evolution of high pH, Na-HCO3-CO3 brines from J13-like waters and the evolution of near neutral pH brines from the pore water compositions. The minerals recovered after complete evaporation of the J13 water alone experiments include amorphous silica, aragonite, calcite, halite, niter, thermonatrite and, possibly, gypsum, anhydrite and hectorite. Tachyhydrite and gypsum were observed to form in equivalent experiments with pore waters from the unsaturated zone. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rosenberg, ND (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, 700 E Ave L-204, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI knauss, kevin/K-2827-2012 NR 17 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 16 IS 9-10 BP 1231 EP 1240 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00013-0 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 429AA UT WOS:000168492800018 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI The four-paint diamond configuration SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article AB It is widely regarded as impossible to estimate interaction and quadratic coefficients from four data taken at the end points of a cross. This manuscript illustrates four methods for approximating the desired coefficients, and compares them to the coefficients obtained from Taylor expansions of the generating functions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0307-904X J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 25 IS 7 BP 629 EP 634 DI 10.1016/S0307-904X(01)00011-7 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 442FM UT WOS:000169274600006 ER PT J AU Schoonover, JR Zhang, SLL Bridgewater, JS Havrilla, GJ Fletcher, MA Lightfoot, JM AF Schoonover, JR Zhang, SLL Bridgewater, JS Havrilla, GJ Fletcher, MA Lightfoot, JM TI Polymer degradation study by factor analysis of GPC-FT-IR data SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE factor analysis; FT-IR; GPC; polymer degradation ID MULTIVARIATE CURVE RESOLUTION; RAMAN AB Factor analysis has been performed on gel permeation chromatography (GPC)-Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic data sets for one control and two artificially aged, multicomponent polymer systems. This approach was utilized to provide insight into degradation chemistry and to obtain component spectra (factors) and their concentration profiles (scores). The results are evaluated in terms of the infrared spectra of the chemical species present, their concentration profiles, and the different aging environments. For the formulation of a poly(ester urethane) with added plasticizer, and stabilizer, the results demonstrate that chain scission and nitration of the poly(ester urethane) are dominant degradation pathways under radiolytic aging conditions. Thermal aging conditions induce some chain scission. In both aging studies, branching is shown not to be a dominant degradation pathway. However, because branching processes produce insoluble cross-linked material, this possibility was not further investigated in this study. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Unilever Res, Edgewater, NJ 07020 USA. RP Schoonover, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 7 BP 927 EP 934 DI 10.1366/0003702011952749 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 461MT UT WOS:000170368600021 ER PT J AU Keller, SC Grebel, EK Miller, GJ Yoss, KM AF Keller, SC Grebel, EK Miller, GJ Yoss, KM TI UBVI and H alpha photometry of the h and chi Persei cluster SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (NGC 869, NGC 884); stars : emission-line, Be; stars : evolution; techniques : photometric ID B-TYPE PULSATORS; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; RADIATIVE OPACITIES; CCD PHOTOMETRY; MASSIVE STARS; EVOLUTION; MODELS; FIELD AB UBVI and H alpha photometry is presented for 17319 stars in vicinity of the young double cluster h and chi Persei. Our photometry extends over a 37' x 1 degrees field centered on the association. We construct reddening contours within the imaged field. We find that the two clusters share a common distance modulus of 11.75 +/- 0.05 and ages of log age(yr) = 7.1 +/- 0.1. From the V-H alpha color, a measure of the H alpha emission strength, we conduct a survey for emission line objects within the association. We detect a sample of 33 Be stars, eight of which are new detections. We present a scenario of evolutionary enhancement of the Be phenomenon to account for the peak in Be fraction toward the top of the main sequence in the population of h and chi Persei and similar young clusters. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Southwestern Coll, Chula Vista, CA 91910 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Keller, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 42 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 122 IS 1 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1086/321139 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 453XK UT WOS:000169943300019 ER PT J AU Pentericci, L McCarthy, PJ Rottgering, HJA Miley, GK van Breugel, WJM Fosbury, R AF Pentericci, L McCarthy, PJ Rottgering, HJA Miley, GK van Breugel, WJM Fosbury, R TI NICMOS observations of high-redshift radio galaxies: Witnessing the formation of bright elliptical galaxies? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; infrared : galaxies ID INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; CLUSTER GALAXIES; MOLONGLO CATALOG; STAR-FORMATION; HST IMAGES; 4C 41.17; ALIGNMENT; ENVIRONMENTS; EVOLUTION; EMISSION AB We present the results of a near-infrared imaging program of a sample of 19 radio galaxies with redshift between 1.7 and 3.2, using the NICMOS Camera 2 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The galaxies were observed in H band, which, for 18 of the 19 targets, samples the rest-frame optical emission longward of the 4000 Angstrom break. For many sources this band contains emission lines, but we estimated that this causes relatively little confusion in most cases. The high angular resolution of the HST allows a detailed study of the host galaxies. The images show a wide range of morphologies, including (i) compact systems, (ii) systems with substructures such as multiple emission peaks, and (iii) systems comprised of several components spread over areas of up to 100 kpc. Three galaxies appear unresolved, and in two others a nuclear point source dominates the emission in the central region. The morphologies of some of the lowest redshift targets are well represented by de Vaucouleurs profiles, consistent with them being elliptical galaxies. Their average effective radius derived is a factor of 2 smaller than that of z similar to 1 3CR radio galaxies at similar rest-frame wavelength. The near-infrared continuum light is generally well aligned with the radio axis, and the aligned light is very red, with typical V - H colors of similar to3.5-4. For several galaxies, where WFPC2 V - or R-band images were available, we computed a high-resolution map of the optical-to-infrared spectral indices : all multicomponent systems present net color differences between the various clumps, and we argue that most probably the continuum emission has a stellar origin. Indicative ages of these stellar populations, as determined by the amplitude of the 4000 break AZ vary between 0.5 and 1.3 Gyr. Finally, in many of the small NICMOS frames we observe nearby faint objects close to the high-redshift radio galaxies. The number density of these faint objects is slightly higher than that observed in the deep NICMOS parallel observations of random fields : furthermore, these objects tend to be aligned with the direction of the main axis of the radio sources, suggesting that they may be related to the presence of the AGN. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94459 USA. Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 70 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 135 IS 1 BP 63 EP 85 DI 10.1086/321781 PN 1 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 447DP UT WOS:000169554700004 ER PT J AU Rea, AW Lindberg, SE Keeler, GJ AF Rea, AW Lindberg, SE Keeler, GJ TI Dry deposition and foliar leaching of mercury and selected trace elements in deciduous forest throughfall SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical cycling; atmospheric deposition; foliar leaching; throughfall; mercury; trace elements ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; PLANT UPTAKE; EXCHANGE; VAPOR; TRANSPORT; CANOPY; METHYLMERCURY; CALCIUM; LEAVES; SOILS AB The estimated annual throughfall deposition flux of Hg in a northern mixed-hardwood forest in the Lake Huron Watershed was 10.5 +/- 1.0 mug m(-2) compared to an annual precipitation Hg flux of 8.7 +/- 0.5 mug m(-2) (June 1999-June 1997). The source of this additional Hg in throughfall is often attributed to wash-off of dry deposition, but foliar leaching of Hg may also be important. To determine the influence of both dry deposition and foliar leaching of Hg and other elements in throughfall, we measured a suite of trace elements (Hg, Al, Mg, V, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Cd, Ba, La, Ce, and Pb) in throughfall, precipitation, and ambient air samples from a northern mixed-hardwood forest. Based on a multiple linear regression model, dry deposition had the most important influence on Hg, Al, La, Ce, V, As, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb fluxes while foliar leaching strongly influenced Mg, Mn, Rb, Sr, and Ba fluxes in net: throughfall. The Hg dry deposition flux was estimated using gaseous and aerosol Hg measurements and modeled deposition velocities. The calculated dry deposition flux (similar to 12-14 mug m(-2)) of Hg to the canopy indicated that atmospheric deposition of Hg could easily account for all of the Hg deposited in net throughfall (1.9 +/- 0.1 mug m(-2)). Although there is a large uncertainty associated with these techniques, the modeling estimates indicate that atmospheric Hg may account for all of the Hg deposited in litterfall (11.4 d +/- 2.8 mug m(-2)). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rea, AW (reprint author), US EPA, MD-56, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rea.anne@epa.gov NR 38 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 4 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 35 IS 20 BP 3453 EP 3462 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00133-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 453VX UT WOS:000169938100009 ER PT J AU Groom, DE Mokhov, NV Striganov, SI AF Groom, DE Mokhov, NV Striganov, SI TI Muon stopping power and range tables 10 MeV-100 TeV SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS; CHARGED-PARTICLES; IONIZATION LOSS; ATOMIC ELECTRONS; PAIR PRODUCTION; ELEMENTS; PROTONS; COLLISION; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; SUBSTANCES AB The mean stopping power for high-energy muons in matter can be described by (-dE/dx) = a(E) + b(E)E, where a(E) is the electronic stopping power and b(E) is the energy-scaled contribution from radiative processes-bremsstrahlung, pair production, and photonuclear interactions. a(E) and b(E) are both slowly varying functions of the muon energy E where radiative effects are important. Tables of these stopping power contributions and continuous-slowing-down-approximation ranges (which neglect multiple scattering and range straggling) are given for a selection of elements, compounds, mixtures, and biological materials for incident kinetic energies in the range of 10 MeV to 100 TeV. Tables of the contributions to b(E) are given for the same materials. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94556 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. IHEP, Protvino, Russia. RP Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94556 USA. EM deg@lbl.gov; mokhov@fnal.gov; strigano@fnal.gov NR 70 TC 140 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X EI 1090-2090 J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JUL PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 183 EP 356 DI 10.1006/adnd.2001.0861 PG 174 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 463WA UT WOS:000170499200001 ER PT J AU Yue, Y Powell, CF Poola, R Wang, J Schaller, JK AF Yue, Y Powell, CF Poola, R Wang, J Schaller, JK TI Quantitative measurements of diesel fuel spray characteristics in the near-nozzle region using X-ray absorption SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article AB The mass distribution of diesel fuel sprays close to the nozzle has been determined by using absorption techniques with a monochromatic, synchrotron X-ray beam. The measurements were highly quantitative, with a temporal resolution better than 1 mus. The radial mass distribution of the fuel can be well described by a Gaussian distribution near the nozzle. The calculated volume fraction of the fuel indicates that the so-called liquid core near the nozzle did not exist under the test conditions examined (20-80 MPa injection pressure, 0.3-0.6 ms injection duration). Rather, the bulk of the spray was composed of a liquid/gas mixture with liquid content not exceeding 50% by volume. The maximum-density region was found at the front edge of the sprays, where the fuel volume fraction can reach 80%, and was limited to a thin layer (1-2 mm) perpendicular to the spray axis. The penetration of the front edge was found to be nonlinear with respect to injection duration within 20 mm from the nozzle. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany. RP Yue, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 11 IS 4 BP 471 EP 490 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 488QG UT WOS:000171946700010 ER PT J AU Jenssen, TA Lovern, MB Congdon, JD AF Jenssen, TA Lovern, MB Congdon, JD TI Field-testing the protandry-based mating system for the lizard, Anolis carolinesis: does the model organism have the right model? SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anolis lizards; mate choice; mating system; protandry; sexual selection ID MATE-CHOICE; TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; TREE LIZARD; SAGREI; CORTICOSTERONE; COMPETITION; UROSAURUS; EVOLUTION; DOMINANCE AB Using the lizard Anolis carolinensis as its subject an early and enduring model of psychobiology was presented in which neuroendocrines and social behavior interact to coordinate reproduction between the sexes. The adaptive context for the model was protandry, here defined as a "male-first" emergence pattern from winter dormancy to the onset of breeding. In the protandry scenario, males emerge, become reproductive, and contest for territories. Then, pre-reproductive females emerge to settle on male territories, whereby ovarian recrudescence is facilitated by the behavior of courting males. A collateral inference of the protandry sequence is that females are choosing their future mates from among local males and their territories (i.e., intersexual selection). The model and its assumptions, though never validated by field data, have served as the paradigm for many laboratory experiments on A. carolinensis. Recently, however, field studies described an intrasexually selected mating system for A. carolinensis, without evidence of direct female choice. Differences between the selective inferences from the two perspectives led us to test in the field a number of protandry-based characteristics previously ascribed to A. carolinensis. We monitored free-ranging adults across the winter-to-breeding period using data on sex ratios, social behavior, gut contents, sex steroids, and gonadal condition. We found no evidence of protandry, and little support for any of the associated assumptions. Instead, the sexes broadly overlapped in their temporal transition from winter retreats to an active status in the habitat, with average male reproductive development about 1-2 weeks in advance of females. We replace the traditional protandry-based ii. carolinensis paradigm with a realistic onset sequence into the breeding season and a new model for the species' mating system. Our study underscores the need for field validation when laboratory-generated data are fitted to adaptive paradigms. C1 Virginia Tech, Biol Dept, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Jenssen, TA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Biol Dept, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM tjenssen@vt.edu NR 46 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 50 IS 2 BP 162 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s002650100349 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 454FL UT WOS:000169961700009 ER PT J AU With, KA King, AW AF With, KA King, AW TI Analysis of landscape sources and sinks: the effect of spatial pattern on avian demography SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT BIRDS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CRITICAL THRESHOLDS; FRACTAL LANDSCAPES; MIGRATORY BIRDS; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; BREEDING BIRDS; POPULATION; SUCCESS AB To develop theoretical insights into the relationship between spatial pattern and demography, we coupled a spatially structured demographic model with neutral landscape models to investigate how landscape structure affected population persistence and the source-sink potential of landscapes for a generalized, territorial migratory songbird. Four species-types, with different sensitivities to habitat area and edge effects, were simulated on replicated landscapes across a range of habitat abundance (1-90%) and fragmentation or spatial contagion (random, fractal with minimal contagion, and fractal with maximum contagion). For each species-type in each landscape, the expected number of female offspring produced per female (fecundity, b) was modeled as an explicit function of habitat area and spatial structure (patch edge-to-area ratio). Fecundity estimates (b) were combined with survivorship in a life-table analysis to estimate the net lifetime reproductive output; (R-0) for the population of each landscape. Landscapes for which R-0<1 were identified as population sinks, and as potential population sources when R-0>1. As expected, reproductive output (R-0) was generally highest on fractal landscapes with maximum clumping (minimum fragmentation) and lowest on random landscapes (maximum fragmentation), especially for species with high edge sensitivity. For species with low edge sensitivity, population persistence was unlikely when the landscape had < 40% habitat (i.e. R-0 < 1.0 in these landscapes and were population sinks). Thus, thresholds in population persistence could be identified for different species in these landscapes, but the level of habitat required for persistence ranged widely from 5 to 90% depending upon the species' response to habitat fragmentation (edge sensitivity) and the specific landscape pattern. Our results caution against the adoption of general rules or 'cookbook prescriptions' in conservation regarding the amount of habitat required for population persistence (e.g. the '20% rule'). Landscape configuration (the 'details of how habitat is arranged') can mitigate the effects of habitat loss and enhance population persistence in fragmented landscapes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP With, KA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kwith@ksu.edu RI With, Kimberly/J-5124-2014 OI With, Kimberly/0000-0001-5570-1515 NR 53 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 100 IS 1 BP 75 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00209-3 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445WJ UT WOS:000169481300009 ER PT J AU Callaham, MA Blair, JM Hendrix, PF AF Callaham, MA Blair, JM Hendrix, PF TI Different behavioral patterns of the earthworms Octolasion tyrtaeum and Diplocardia spp. in tallgrass prairie soils: potential influences on plant growth SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE grassland; microbial biomass; soil invertebrates; nitrogen; stable isotopes ID FOREST SOILS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; NITROGEN; USA AB This study addressed differences between Diplocardia spp. (a native North American earthworm) and Octolasion tyrtaeum tan introduced European species), with respect to behavior, influence on soil microbial biomass, and plant uptake of N in tallgrass prairie soils. We manipulated earthworms in PVC-encased soil cores (20 cm diameter) over a 45-day period under field conditions. Treatments included: (1) control with no earthworms, (2) Diplocardia spp. only, and (3) O. tyrtaeum only. Prior to addition of earthworms, seedlings of Andropogon gerardii (a dominant tallgrass) were established in each core, and a dilute solution of C-13-labeled glucose and N-15-labeled (NH4)(2)SO4 was added to the soil to facilitate examination of earthworm/microbe/plant interactions. We found that Diplocardia spp, were significantly more active than O. tyrtaeum, and quickly assimilated C-13 and N-15 from the tracer. Individuals of Diplocardia spp. were present at shallower soil depths than O. tyrtaeum throughout the study. Contrary to expectation, this greater activity of Diplocardia spp. did not result in increased plant productivity. Rather, the activity of Diplocardia spp. was associated with less plant growth and smaller amounts of N acquired by A. gerardii seedlings compared to controls or O. tyrtaeum treatments. We observed few significant influences of earthworm treatments on microbial biomass C or N pool sizes, but the microbial C/N ratio was consistently greater in the presence of Diplocardia spp. relative to O. tyrtaeum. Results of this study indicate that activity of earthworms may enhance competition for N between microbes and plants during the growing season in tall grass prairie. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Callaham, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Blair, John/I-4082-2014 OI Blair, John/0000-0003-0072-0721 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 2001 VL 34 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s003740100370 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 454FJ UT WOS:000169961500008 ER PT J AU Lee, KYC Majewski, J Kuhl, TL Howes, PB Kjaer, K Lipp, MM Waring, AJ Zasadzinski, JA Smith, GS AF Lee, KYC Majewski, J Kuhl, TL Howes, PB Kjaer, K Lipp, MM Waring, AJ Zasadzinski, JA Smith, GS TI Synchrotron X-ray study of lung surfactant-specific protein SP-B in lipid monolayers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; BOVINE PULMONARY SURFACTANT; N-TERMINAL SEGMENT; PALMITIC ACID; LANGMUIR MONOLAYERS; DEFICIENT RATS; SQUEEZE-OUT; PHASE; DIFFRACTION; REFLECTION AB This work reports the first x-ray scattering measurements to determine the effects of SP-B(1-25), the N-terminus peptide of lung surfactant-specific protein SP-B, on the structure of palmitic acid (PA) monolayers. In-plane diffraction shows that the peptide fluidizes a portion of the monolayer but does not affect the packing of the residual ordered phase. This implies that the peptide resides in the disordered phase, and that the ordered phase is essentially pure lipid, in agreement with fluorescence microscopy studies. X-ray reflectivity shows that the peptide is oriented in the lipid monolayer at an angle of similar to 56 degrees relative to the interface normal, with one end protruding past the hydrophilic region into the fluid subphase and the other end embedded in the hydrophobic region of the monolayer. The quantitative insights afforded by this study lead to a better understanding of the lipid/protein interactions found in lung surfactant systems. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Chem Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Adv Inhalat Res Alkermes, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Martin Lurther King Jr Drew Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Lee, KYC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM kayeelee@uchicago.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA33572]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL51177, HL55534] NR 39 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 10 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 BP 572 EP 585 PG 14 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 447RZ UT WOS:000169587400050 PM 11423439 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Mahdavi, A AF Kumar, S Mahdavi, A TI Integrating thermal comfort field data analysis in a case-based building simulation environment SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Building Simulation 99 Conference CY 1999 CL KYOTO, JAPAN DE thermal comfort; case-based approach; building performance; design support; knowledge-based system; bidirectional support; design variable; performance variable AB Despite the obvious importance of thermal comfort in the design of indoor environments, it has not been effectively integrated with design support tools. The reasons can be attributed in part to an absence of modular and flexible software architecture that facilitates dynamic data transfer between building performance simulation modules. Research has shown that the mathematical models of thermal comfort sometimes fail to accurately describe or predict thermal comfort in workplace settings even when the values of environmental and personal parameters are known. Thus, there is a critical need to provide a thermal comfort evaluation framework that, in addition to the algorithmic implementation of mathematical thermal comfort prediction models, would make use of the empirical knowledge base accumulated over the last 20 years from field experiments around the world. This paper first talks about an integrated simulation environment SEMPER that allows for multiple performance evaluation including thermal comfort analysis from a shared object model of building. Then, it discusses the results of a detailed thermal comfort analysis performed to find the reasons for the discrepancy between the predicted and observed values and the factors responsible for such discrepancy. Finally, the paper shows how the results of the empirical thermal comfort analysis can be used in designing better thermal environments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 901 D St SW,Suite 950, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 36 IS 6 BP 711 EP 720 DI 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00064-0 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 442PE UT WOS:000169293500006 ER PT J AU Karagiozis, A Salonvaara, M AF Karagiozis, A Salonvaara, M TI Hygrothermal system-performance of a whole building SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Building Simulation 99 Conference CY 1999 CL KYOTO, JAPAN DE moisture control; moisture engineering; building envelope modeling; whole building performance; aerated concrete ID ENERGY WHEEL EFFECTIVENESS AB In this paper the full house hygrothermal performance of an aerated concrete wall system is examined for the hot and humid climate of Miami. The results clearly demonstrated the limited drying potential for the wall system in that climate. The selected exterior thermal insulation strategies and interior vapor control strategies in this study show the critical behavior of the full house with respect to drying initial construction moisture. Moisture related problems such as mold growth are simulated and discussed. From these results moisture control strategies are identified for the whole house hygrothermal performance. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Bldg Technol Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Salonvaara, M (reprint author), VTT Bldg Technol, Espoo, Finland. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 36 IS 6 BP 779 EP 787 DI 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00063-9 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 442PE UT WOS:000169293500013 ER PT J AU Kinney, JH Pople, JA Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ AF Kinney, JH Pople, JA Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ TI Collagen orientation and crystallite size in human dentin: A small angle X-ray scattering study SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE dentin; collagen; mineralization; SAXS; dentinogenesis; orientation ID MINERAL CRYSTALS; BONE; FIBRILS; MODEL; SAXS AB The mechanical properties of dentin are largely determined by the intertubular dentin matrix, which is a complex composite of type I collagen fibers and a carbonate-rich apatite mineral phase. We performed a small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study on fully mineralized human dentin to quantify this fiber/mineral composite architecture from the nanoscopic through continuum length scales. The SAXS results were consistent with nucleation and growth of the apatite phase within periodic gaps in the collagen fibers. These mineralized fibers were perpendicular to the dentinal tubules and parallel with the mineralization growth front, Within the plane of the mineralization front, the mineralized collagen fibers were isotropic near the pulp, but became mildly anisotropic in the ni-id-dentin. Analysis of the data also indicated that near the pulp the mineral crystallites were approximately needle-like, and progressed to a more plate-like shape near the dentino-enamel junction. The thickness of these crystallites, similar to5 mn., did not vary significantly with position in the tooth. These results were considered within the context of dentinogenesis and maturation. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kinney, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, 707 Parnassus Ave,Box 0758, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE09859] NR 21 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 69 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s00223-001-0006-5 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 457FD UT WOS:000170125700006 PM 11685431 ER PT J AU Ruffner, KL Martin, PJ Hussell, S Nourigat, C Fisher, DR Bernstein, ID Matthews, DC AF Ruffner, KL Martin, PJ Hussell, S Nourigat, C Fisher, DR Bernstein, ID Matthews, DC TI Immunosuppressive effects of I-131-anti-CD45 antibody in unsensitized and donor antigen-presensitized H2-matched, minor antigen-mismatched murine transplant models SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-BODY IRRADIATION; I-131 ANTI-CD45 ANTIBODY; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; BONE-MARROW ENGRAFTMENT; DOSE-RATE; RADIATION; FRACTIONATION; TISSUE AB Iodine-131-laheled anti-CD45 antibody has been added to conventional hematopoietic stem cell transplant preparative regimens to deliver targeted radiation to hematopoietic tissues, with the goal of decreasing relapse rates without increasing toxicity. However higher radiation doses could be delivered to leukemia cells by antibody if the systemic therapy mere decreased or eliminated, To examine the ability of T-131-anti-CD45 antibody to provide sufficient immunosuppression for transplantation across allogeneic barriers, T-cell-depleted BALB.B marrow was transplanted into H2-compatible B6-Ly(5a) mice after I-131-30F11 (rat antimurine CD45) antibody with or without varying dose levels of total body irradiation (TBI), Groups of five or six recipient mice per I-131 Or TBI dose level per experiment were given tail vein injections of 100 mug of I-131-labeled 30F11 antibody 4 days before marrow infusion, with or without TBI on day 0, Engraftment, defined as greater than or equal to 50% donor B cells at 3 months post-transptant, was determined by two-color flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood granulocytes, T cells, and B cells using antibodies specific for donor and host (CD45 allotypes and for CD3, Donor engraftment of greater than or equal to 80% recipient mice was achieved with either 8 Gy of TBI or 0.75 mCi of I-131-30F11 antibody, which delivers an estimated 26 Gy to bone marrow. Subsequent experiments determined the dose of TBI alone or TBI plus 0.75 mCi of I-131-30F11 antibody necessary for engraftment in recipient mice that had been presensitized to donor antigens before transplant, a setting requirings more stringent immunosuppression, Engraftment was seen in greater than or equal to 80% of presensitized recipients surviving after 14-16 Gy of TBI of 12-14 Gy of TBI and 0.75 mCi of I-131-30F11 antibody. However, only 28 of 69 (41%) presensitized mice receiving 10-16 Gy of TBI alone survived, presumably because of rejection of donor marrow and ablation of host hematopoiesis, In contrast, 29 of 35 (53%) presensitized mice receiving I-131-30F11 antibody and 12-14 Gy of TBI survived, presumably because the additional immunosuppression provided by estimated radiation doses of 53 Gy to lymph nodes and 81 Gy to spleen from 0.75 mCi of I-131-30F11 antibody permitted engraftment of donor marrow. These results suggest that targeted radiation delivered by I-131-anti-CD45 antibody provides sufficient immunosuppression to replace an appreciable portion of the TBI dose used in matched sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplant. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ruffner, KL (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, 1100 Fairview Ave N D1-100, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA71077, T32 CA009515] NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 61 IS 13 BP 5126 EP 5131 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 447GJ UT WOS:000169563300032 PM 11431350 ER PT J AU Malfatti, MA Felton, JS AF Malfatti, MA Felton, JS TI N-Glucuronidation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and N-hydroxy-PhIP by specific human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID CDNA-EXPRESSED HUMAN; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; LIVER-MICROSOMES; RAT-LIVER; IDENTIFICATION; 2-HYDROXYAMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE; METABOLITES; ACTIVATION; CHICKEN; 2-AMINO-3,8-DIMETHYLIMIDAZO<4,5-F>QUINOXALINE AB Glucuronidation is a major metabolic pathway in the biotransformation of many xenobiotics, Recent studies have shown that in humans, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated glucuronidation plays a critical role in the detoxification of food-borne carcinogenic heterocyclic amines, 2-A mino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), the most abundant carcinogenic heterocyclic amine found in well-cooked meats, has been shown to be extensively glucuronidated in humans. To determine which UGT isozymes are involved in the biotransformation of PhIP and the cytochrome P4501A2-mediated reactive intermediate N-hydroxy-PhIP, microsomes expressing human UGT1A1, -1A4, -1A6 or -1A9 were incubated with PhIP and N-hydroxy-PhIP and the reaction products analyzed by HPLC and ESI-MS, Incubations containing N-hydroxy-PhIP and UGT1A1 expressing microsomes, with an apparent K-m of 4.58 muM and a V-max of 4.18 pmol/min/mg protein, had the highest capacity to convert N-hydroxy-PhIP to N-hydroxy-PhIP-N-2-glucuronide. Microsomes expressing UGT1A9 produced N-hydroxy-PhIP-N3-glucuronide at the highest rate with an apparent K, and V,, of 3.73 muM and 4.07 pmol/min/mg, respectively. A third previously undefined glucuronide accounted for 31% of the total glucuronides formed from the UGT1A4 expressing microsomes. No glucuronide conjugates were detected from microsomes expressing UGT1A6, Incubations containing PhIP as substrate formed direct PhIP-glucuronides in microsomes expressing UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT1A9 but at levels averaging 53-fold lower than when N-hydroxy-PhIP was used as the substrate. Knowing the glucuronidation capacity of the specific UGT isozymes involved in PhIP and N-hydroxy-PhIP glucuronidation should help in determining the individual susceptibility to the potential cancer risk from exposure to PhIP. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Felton, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 26 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JUL PY 2001 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1087 EP 1093 DI 10.1093/carcin/22.7.1087 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 451QH UT WOS:000169812400013 PM 11408353 ER PT J AU Perkins, RB Palmer, CD AF Perkins, RB Palmer, CD TI Solubility of chromate hydrocalumite (3CaO center dot Al2O3 center dot CaCrO4 center dot nH(2)O) 5-75 degrees C SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrocalumite; chromate; monosulfate; thermodynamic calculations ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SOLID-SOLUTION; AQUEOUS IONS; ETTRINGITE; 3CAO.AL2O3.3CASO4.32H2O; CHROMIUM; DAMAGE; WATER AB A secondary precipitate was consistently observed in a series of dissolution and precipitation experiments conducted on synthesized Ca-6[Al(OH)(6)](2)(CrO4)(3). 26H(2)O. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and solid digest analyses demonstrate that d-spacings, crystal morphology, water content, and Ca/Cr/Al ratios for the secondary solid are consistent with chromate hydrocalumite (3CaO . Al2O3. CaCrO4. 15H(2)O). Steady-state aqueous ion concentrations indicate that the experimental aqueous solutions were in apparent equilibrium with both the Cr(VI) analog of ettringite and chromate hydrocalumite. Over the pH range 10.9 to 12.2, the log of the solubility product (log K-SP) for the reaction 3CaO . Al2O3. CaCrO4. 15H(2)O=4Ca(2+) + 2Al(OH)(4)(-) + CrO42- + 4OH(-) + 9H(2)O at 25 degreesC is -30.38 0.28. The temperature dependence of the log K-SP obtained from six additional temperatures from 5 degreesC to 75 degreesC is logK(SP) = (-2042.1/T) -23.480. Delta Gr(r)(o) and DeltaH(r)(o) for the reaction are 173.1 +/- 3.7 and 39.1 +/- 3.2 0 mol(-1) and DeltaS(r)(o) is -450 +/- 10 J mol(-1) K-1. Using these values and published partial molal quantities for constituent ions, we calculate DeltaG(f,298)degrees= -9905 +/- 15.7 kJ mol(-1), DeltaH(f)(o) = -11303 +/- 8.3 kJ mol(-1), and DeltaS degrees = 1439 +/- 89 J mol(-1) K-1 for 3CaO . Al2O3. CaCrO4. 15H(2)O. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Palmer, CD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS 2107, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 31 IS 7 BP 983 EP 992 DI 10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00507-5 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 456NN UT WOS:000170089100002 ER PT J AU Bildstein, O Worden, RH Brosse, E AF Bildstein, O Worden, RH Brosse, E TI Assessment of anhydrite dissolution as the rate-limiting step during thermochemical sulfate reduction SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermochemical sulfate reduction; numerical modeling; shrinking-core; methane; calcite precipitation; hydrogen sulfide; anhydrite dissolution ID FORMATION WATER SALINITY; JURASSIC SMACKOVER FORMATION; CARBONATE GAS-RESERVOIRS; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; BURIAL DIAGENESIS; DESTRUCTION; TRANSPORT; SULFIDE; CANADA; IONS AB Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) is a process observed in some gas and oil reservoirs above a temperature about 120-145 degreesC. During this process, petroleum compounds such as methane react with anhydrite to form calcite, H,S and other minor components. This reaction can lead to the complete destruction of petroleum accompanied by the generation of a large amount of H,S. TSR consists of a variety of more elementary steps, including dissolution of reactants, diffusion to the point of reaction, geochemical interaction in the aqueous phase and mineral precipitation. The rate-controlling step for TSR is as yet unknown, although thermodynamic data suggest that the assemblage of hydrocarbons and anhydrite is very reactive. Experimental work revealed relatively high dissolution rates for anhydrite. Modeling TSR as complex multiphase. multistep reaction confirms that if the intrinsic dissolution of anhydrite were the rate-limiting step, the reaction could be complete within a year and would be effective even at low temperatures (e.g., 80 degreesC). Other controls on the transformation must therefore be invoked. At the reservoir scale, a limited reactive volume at the gas-water transition zone may localize and thus limit the rate of TSR. Textural evidence indicates, however. that the controls on the reaction rate at the grain scale are more important. In model simulations, calcite precipitation on the outer edge of anhydrite nodules leads to progressive isolation of the remaining anhydrite from the petroleum phase and a dramatic decrease in the anhydrite dissolution rate. With the reactants forced to diffuse through the calcite armoring, the simulations predict completion of TSR in 200,000-300,000 years. The simulation results match closely the observed trend of reaction extent as a function of depth for temperature higher than 140 degreesC, but overestimates this extent at lower temperature. Thus, the modeling suggests that the rate-controlling step of TSR evolves initially from (1) the rate of aqueous redox interaction between sulfate and petroleum to (2) the rare of diffusion-controlled dissolution of anhydrite. This could explain the high minimum temperature of reaction as well as the coexistence of anhydrite and petroleum even in reservoirs TSR is at an advanced stage. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Francais Petr, Dept Geol & Geochim, Rueil Malmaison, France. Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Sci, Liverpool L69 7GP, Merseyside, England. RP Bildstein, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 53 TC 33 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 176 IS 1-4 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00398-3 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 436BW UT WOS:000168917500009 ER PT J AU Weber, TJ Huang, QH Monks, TJ Lau, SS AF Weber, TJ Huang, QH Monks, TJ Lau, SS TI Differential regulation of redox responsive transcription factors by the nephrocarcinogen 2,3,5-tris(glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-KAPPA-B; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; TUBULAR EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; DNA-DAMAGE; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; JB6 CELLS; AP-1 TRANSACTIVATION; GADD153 EXPRESSION AB 2,3,5-Tris( glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone [TGHQ] is a potent nephro-toxicant and nephro-carcinogen, and induces a spectrum of mutations in human and bacterial cells consistent with those attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Studies were conducted to determine whether the oxidative stress induced by TGHQ in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (LLC-PK1) modulates transcriptional activities widely implicated in transformation responses, namely 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) responsive element (TRE)- and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)-binding activity. TGHQ increased TRE- and NF-kappaB-binding activity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Catalase fully inhibited peak TGHQ-mediated TRE- and NF-kappaB-binding activity. In contrast, although deferoxamine fully inhibited TGHQ-mediated TRE-binding activity, it had only a marginal effect on NF-kappaB-binding activity. Collectively, these data indicate that TGHQ modulates TRE- and NF-kappaB-binding activity in an ROS-dependent fashion. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D fully inhibited TGHQ-mediated TRE-binding activity, but in the absence of TGHQ increased NF-kappaB-binding activity. Although protein kinase C (PKC) is widely implicated in stress response signaling, pretreatment of cells with PKC inhibitors (H-89, calphostin C) did not modulate TGHQ-mediated DNA-binding activities. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with (PD098059), a mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, markedly reduced TGHQ-mediated TRE-binding activity, but enhanced TGHQ-mediated NF-kappaB-binding activity. We conclude that TGHQ-mediated TRE- and NF-kappaB-binding activities are ROS-dependent. Although there is a common requirement for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the regulation of these DNA-binding activities, there appears to be divergent regulation after H2O2 generation in renal epithelial cells. C1 Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Pharmacol & Toxicol, Ctr Mol & Cellular Toxicol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lau, SS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Pharmacol & Toxicol, Ctr Mol & Cellular Toxicol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES 07247, ES 07884]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM39338] NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 14 IS 7 BP 814 EP 821 DI 10.1021/tx000190r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 454YP UT WOS:000169999600005 PM 11453727 ER PT J AU Tolbert, SH Landry, CC Stucky, GD Chmelka, BF Norby, P Hanson, JC Monnier, A AF Tolbert, SH Landry, CC Stucky, GD Chmelka, BF Norby, P Hanson, JC Monnier, A TI Phase transitions in mesostructured silica/surfactant composites: Surfactant packing and the role of charge density matching SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; LYOTROPIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL; RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; EPITAXIAL RELATIONSHIPS; KINETICS; TRANSFORMATIONS; BEHAVIOR; SILICA; MCM-41 AB Time-resolved X-ray diffraction is utilized to follow phase transitions in nanostructured silica/surfactant composites in real time under hydrothermal conditions. The data allow us both to obtain kinetic parameters and to observe intermediate phases. In all cases, changes in the packing of the organic component of these composites drives the transformation, indicating that surfactant packing is a dominant factor in determining the overall structure of these materials. For materials heated in pure water, however, high activation energies for transformation were measured, suggesting that large kinetic barriers can stabilize structures against surfactant-driven rearrangements. Matching between the interfacial charge density of the inorganic silica framework and the charge density of the surfactant headgroups is also found to affect the kinetics of transformation. Lamellar-to-hexagonal transitions, which complement condensation-induced changes in charge density, are observed to be continuous, while hexagonal-to-lamellar transitions, which proceed contrary to these charge density changes, are discontinuous. For materials heated in their high-pH synthesis solutions, more complex phase behaviors are observed. Hexagonal (p6mm) structures transform either to a bicontinuous cubic phase (Ia3d) or to a lamellar structure. Lamellar phases are observed at either long or short polymerization times, while cubic phases dominate at intermediate polymerization times. The production of these different phases can be understood by considering the interplay between organic packing, charge density matching, and changing activation energies. At short times, high charge on the inorganic framework favors transformation to the low-curvature lamellar structures. At very long times, silica condensation both reduces this charge density and cross-links the framework. This crosslinking raises kinetic barriers for transformation and again favors the topologically simpler hexagonal-to-lamellar transition. Transformations to the cubic phase are only observed at intermediate times, when these effects are balanced. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Chem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Dept Chim Phys Sci 2, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Tolbert, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Norby, Poul/B-9047-2014; Tolbert, Sarah/L-2321-2016 OI Norby, Poul/0000-0002-2590-7050; NR 44 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 13 IS 7 BP 2247 EP 2256 DI 10.1021/cm0003727 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 455ZD UT WOS:000170056900006 ER PT J AU Allen, PG Gash, AE Dorhout, PK Strauss, SH AF Allen, PG Gash, AE Dorhout, PK Strauss, SH TI XAFS studies of soft-heavy-metal-ion-intercalated MxMoS2 (M = Hg2+, Ag+) solids SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSITION-METALS; EXFOLIATED MOS2; RESTACKED MOS2; LITHIUM; ENCAPSULATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; DIFFUSION; SULFIDES AB XAFS studies were performed on two new soft-heavy-metal-ion-intercalated materials MxMoS2 (M = Hg2+, Ag+). For the compound Hg0.32MoS2, EXAFS results show an average Hg coordination environment consisting of approximate to2 S atoms at 2.38 Angstrom and approximate to0.2 (+/- 35%) Kg atoms at 2.55 Angstrom. Along with Hg XANES analysis, these data indicate that the Hg atoms in this compound are present as a mixture of mercuric and mercurous ions. Ag EXAFS analysis of the compound Ag0.61MoS2 indicates a Ag coordination environment consisting of approximate to2 S atoms at 2.43 Angstrom. Ag EXAFS and XANES results for heat-treated Ag0.61MoS2 indicate that the Ag coordination environment has changed to that nearly identical for silver metal with several Ag-Ag interactions detected. The results suggest that heat treatment of Ag0.61MoS2 facilitates the chemical reduction of the intercalated silver ions to elemental silver. In addition, Mo EXAFS and XANES analyses indicate that both the Hg- and Ag-intercalated compounds have significant amounts of the 1T-phase of MoS2 in them. Prolonged exposure of both of these materials to an aerobic atmosphere does not affect their Mo EXAFS. Comparison of these results with those for exfoliated and restacked MoS2 suggests that different intercalated guest ions afford different oxidative stabilities to the host MoS2 layers. This hypothesis is used to rationalize some inconsistencies in previous reports of MxMoS2 XAFS studies. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dorhout, PK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 13 IS 7 BP 2257 EP 2265 DI 10.1021/cm000389p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 455ZD UT WOS:000170056900007 ER PT J AU Wang, EG Liu, BG Wu, J Li, MZ Yao, YG Zhu, WG Zhong, JX Wendelken, J Niu, Q Zhang, ZY AF Wang, EG Liu, BG Wu, J Li, MZ Yao, YG Zhu, WG Zhong, JX Wendelken, J Niu, Q Zhang, ZY TI Novel formation and decay mechanisms of nanostructures on the surface SO CHINESE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Chinese-German Workshop on Characterization and Development on Nanosystems CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2000 CL SINO GERMAN CTR RES PROMOT, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA HO SINO GERMAN CTR RES PROMOT DE nanostructures on the surface; formation and decay; kinetic monte carlo simulation; rate equation analysis ID MEDIATED EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; ADSORPTION; DIFFUSION; EXCHANGE; PT(111) AB For decades the research on thin-film growth has attracted considerable attention as these kinds of materials have the potential for a new generation of device application. It is known that the nuclei at the initial stage of the islands are more stable than others and certain atoms are inert while others are active. In this paper, by using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we will show that, when a surfactant layer is used to mediate the growth, a counter-intuitive fractal-to-compact island shape transition can be induced by increasing deposition flux or decreasing growth temperature. Specifically, we introduce a reaction-limited aggregation (RLA) theory, where the physical process controlling the island shape transition is the shielding effect of adatoms stuck to the stable islands on the incoming adatoms. Moreover, the origin of a transition from triangular to hexagonal and then to inverted triangular as well as the decay characteristics of three-dimensional islands on the surface and relations of our unique predictions with recent experiments will be discussed. Furthermore, we will present a novel idea to make use of the condensation energy of adatoms to control the island evolution along a special direction. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wang, EG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RI Zhang, Jian-Min/A-7757-2012; Yao, Yugui/A-8411-2012; Niu, Qian/G-9908-2013 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-1963 J9 CHINESE PHYS JI Chin. Phys. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 10 SU S BP S144 EP S150 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 470ZG UT WOS:000170901900028 ER PT J AU Im, HG Chen, JH AF Im, HG Chen, JH TI Effects of flow strain on triple flame propagation SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article AB The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of strain rate and scalar dissipation rate on the instantaneous local displacement speed at the triple flame edge. This is accomplished by performing direct numerical simulations of a hydrogen-air triple flame subjected to an unsteady strain field induced by a pair of counter-rotating vortices. It is observed that the triple flames maintain a positive displacement speed when the vortex strength is weak, such that they penetrate into the channel between the vortices. For the stronger vortex cases, the intense compressive strain field induced by the vortex pair yields a negative displacement speed and partial quenching of the leading edge of the flame in an extreme case. The displacement speed variations are analyzed in terms of curvature, and effective Karlovitz and Damkohler numbers. It is found that the triple flame tip speed is predominantly governed by the curvature-induced compressive strain rather than by scalar dissipation rate. As a result, the displacement speed measured at the triple flame tip exhibits a strong correlation with flame stretch and curvature, and not with scalar dissipation rate. The correlation with flame stretch is similar to results found in earlier studies of turbulent premixed flames, suggesting that the propagation aspects of triple flames are the same as for a premixed flame. The trailing diffusion flame essentially has minimal impact on the propagation of the leading edge. A secondary observation is that for real chemical systems, ambiguity in the definition of the "leading edge" can lead to significant differences in the propagation response to strain. For instance, the displacement speed measured at the maximum heat release location rather than at the leading edge remains positive throughout the entire duration of interaction. Ibis suggests that care should be taken in identifying the triple flame speed subjected to a large strain field. (C) 2001 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Im, HG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Im, Hong/J-4317-2012 NR 17 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2001 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 1384 EP 1392 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00261-9 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 467ZR UT WOS:000170734100003 ER PT J AU Alber, MS Camassa, R Fedorov, YN Holm, DD Marsden, JE AF Alber, MS Camassa, R Fedorov, YN Holm, DD Marsden, JE TI The complex geometry of weak piecewise smooth solutions of integrable nonlinear PDE's of shallow water and dym type SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE EULER-POINCARE; SCHRODINGER-OPERATORS; HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM; BILLIARD SOLUTIONS; PEAKED SOLITONS; TRACE FORMULAS; EQUATION; FACTORIZATION; GEODESICS; JACOBIANS AB An extension of the algebraic-geometric method for nonlinear integrable PDE's is shown to lead to new piecewise smooth weak solutions of a class of N-component systems of nonlinear evolution equations. This class includes, among others, equations from the Dym and shallow water equation hierarchies. The main goal of the paper is to give explicit theta-functional expressions for piecewise smooth weak solutions of these nonlinear PDE's, which are associated to nonlinear subvarieties of hyperelliptic Jacobians. The main results of the present paper are twofold. First, we exhibit some of the special features of integrable PDE's that admit piecewise smooth weak solutions, which make them different from equations whose solutions are globally meromorphic, such as the KdV equation. Second, we blend the techniques of algebraic geometry and weak solutions of PDE's to gain further insight into, and explicit formulas for, piecewise-smooth finite-gap solutions. The basic technique used to achieve these aims is rather different from earlier papers dealing with peaked solutions. First, profiles of the finite-gap piecewise smooth solutions are linked to certain finite dimensional billiard dynamical systems and ellipsoidal billiards. Second, after reducing the solution of certain finite dimensional Hamiltonian stems on Riemann surfaces to the solution of a nonstandard Jacobi inversion problem, this is resolved by introducing new parametrizations. Amongst other natural consequences of the algebraic-geometric approach, we find finite dimensional integrable Hamiltonian dynamical systems describing the motion of Peaks in the finite-gap as well a. the limiting (soliton) cases, and noise them exactly. The dynamics of the peaks is also obtained by using Jacobi inversion problems. Finally, we relate our method to the shock wave approach for weak solutions of wave equations by determining jump conditions at the peak location. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Math, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Math, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Math & Mech, Moscow 119899, Russia. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Math, Bldg 380,MC 2125, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM malber@math.stanford.edu; camassa@math.unc.edu; fedorov@mech.math.msu.su; dholm@lanl.gov; marsden@cds.caltech.edu OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 70 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-3616 EI 1432-0916 J9 COMMUN MATH PHYS JI Commun. Math. Phys. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 221 IS 1 BP 197 EP 227 DI 10.1007/PL00005573 PG 31 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 460XQ UT WOS:000170335500009 ER PT J AU Rowe, CL Hopkins, WA Zehnder, C Congdon, JD AF Rowe, CL Hopkins, WA Zehnder, C Congdon, JD TI Metabolic costs incurred by crayfish (Procambarus acutus) in a trace element-polluted habitat: further evidence of similar responses among diverse taxonomic groups SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coal ash; contaminants; energy budget; growth; heavy metals; metabolic rate; respiration; sublethal stress; trace elements ID COAL COMBUSTION WASTE; BULLFROGS RANA-CATESBEIANA; PHYSIOLOGICAL ENERGETICS; PROTEIN-TURNOVER; ORAL DEFORMITIES; BUFO-TERRESTRIS; SOUTHERN TOADS; STRESS; GROWTH; MOLLUSKS AB Recent studies of several vertebrates and an invertebrate have shown elevated standard metabolic rate (SMR) following chronic exposure to a mixture of trace elements in a contaminated habitat. In this study, we examined whether another invertebrate, a crayfish (Procambarus acutus), also experienced elevated SMR in response to the same contaminants. We compared SMR of individuals inhabiting the contaminated site with SMR of individuals from uncontaminated reference sites. We also examined SMR of individuals collected from the reference areas and exposed in the laboratory for 50 days to sediment and food derived from the contaminated site. Individuals collected from the contaminated site had elevated SMR compared to individuals collected from the unpolluted areas (25.1 vs. 19.2 J g(-1) day(-1)). Individuals exposed to contaminated sediment and food in the laboratory experienced elevations in SMR compared to controls after 27 days of exposure (35.2 vs. 29.4 J g(-1) day(-1)), but after 50 days of exposure, metabolic rate no longer differed between treatments. Growth of contaminant-exposed individuals was lower than growth of reference animals throughout the laboratory study. Elevated SMR associated with contaminant exposure may reflect energy demanding mechanisms required to combat deleterious effects of contaminants. Our results support the prediction that increases in energy expenditure in the contaminated habitat would negatively influence production processes, such as growth. Results from this study in conjunction with observations from other species suggest that increased SMR is a common response among several taxa to the mixture of contaminants in the study site. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Rowe, CL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RI Rowe, Christopher/D-5271-2012 NR 32 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 129 IS 3 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00204-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 454BW UT WOS:000169953400008 PM 11461842 ER PT J AU Swaminarayan, S LeSar, R AF Swaminarayan, S LeSar, R TI A Monte Carlo method for simulating dislocation microstructures in three dimensions SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MESOSCOPIC SCALE; DYNAMICS; ALGORITHM; CRYSTALS; SYSTEMS AB We present an energy-based Monte Carlo (MC) approach for modeling discrete dislocation microstructures in three dimensions. We discuss the energetics of dislocation interactions and the various discretization procedures for the dislocation loops. The choice of MC trial moves for the dislocation segments is presented and discussed. We show results from some relatively simple trial calculations, showing the convergence of the calculations to known results as well as the flexibility of the MC approach. Comparisons with other types of dislocation simulations are made, indicating the range of suitability for the present method. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lesar@lanl.gov RI LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 339 EP 359 DI 10.1016/S0927-0256(01)00150-1 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 456NT UT WOS:000170089500007 ER PT J AU Waghmare, UV Kim, H Park, IJ Modine, N Maragakis, P Kaxiras, E AF Waghmare, UV Kim, H Park, IJ Modine, N Maragakis, P Kaxiras, E TI HARES: an efficient method for first-principles electronic structure calculations of complex systems SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DIFFERENCE-PSEUDOPOTENTIAL METHOD; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FINITE-DIFFERENCE; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION; LUTTINGER LIQUID; SOLIDS; METALS AB We discuss our new implementation of the Real-space Electronic Structure method for studying the atomic and electronic structure of infinite periodic as well as finite systems, based on density functional theory. This improved version which Eye call HARES (for High-performance-Fortran Adaptive grid Real-space Electronic Structure) aims at making the method widely applicable and efficient, using high performance Fortran on parallel architectures. The scaling of various parts of a HARES calculation is analyzed and compared to that of plane-wave based methods. The new developments that lead to enhanced performance, and their parallel implementation, are presented in detail. We illustrate the application of HARES to the study of elemental crystalline solids, molecules and complex crystalline materials, such as blue bronze and zeolites. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM maragakis@cmt.harvard.edu RI Maragakis, Paul/A-2360-2010 NR 64 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 137 IS 3 BP 341 EP 360 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(01)00152-7 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 454XL UT WOS:000169997000001 ER PT J AU von Laszewski, G Foster, I Gawor, J Lane, P AF von Laszewski, G Foster, I Gawor, J Lane, P TI A Java commodity grid kit SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ACM Java Grande Conference CY JUN 02-04, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP ACM DE Commodity Grid Toolkits; Java CoG Kit; Computational Grid AB Developing advanced applications for the emerging national-scale 'Computational Grid' infrastructures is still a difficult task. Although Grid services are available that assist the application developers in authentication, remote access to computers, resource management, and infrastructure discovery, they provide a challenge because these services may not be compatible with the commodity distributed-computing technologies and frameworks used previously. The Commodity Grid project is working to overcome this difficulty by creating what we call Commodity Grid Toolkits (CoG Kits) that define mappings and interfaces between Grid and particular commodity frameworks, In this paper, we explain why CoG Kits are important, describe the design and implementation of a Java CoG Kit, and use examples to illustrate how CoG Kits can enable new approaches to application development based on the integrated use of commodity and Grid technologies, Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP von Laszewski, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gregor@mcs.anl.gov RI Foster, Ian/A-1357-2007; von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI Foster, Ian/0000-0003-2129-5269; von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 13 IS 8-9 BP 645 EP 662 DI 10.1002/cpe.572.abs PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 451UQ UT WOS:000169821100002 ER PT J AU Bonachea, D Dickens, P Thakur, R AF Bonachea, D Dickens, P Thakur, R TI High-performance file I/O in Java: Existing approaches and bulk I/O extensions SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ACM Java Grande Conference CY JUN 02-04, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP ACM DE Java; I/O; bulk I/O; high perfomance; titanium ID PARALLEL APPLICATIONS AB There is a growing interest in using Java as the language for developing high-performance computing applications. To be successful in the high-performance computing domain, however, Java must not only be able to provide high computational performance, but also high-performance I/O. In this paper, we first examine several approaches that attempt to provide high-performance I/O in Java-many of which are not obvious at first glance-and evaluate their performance on two parallel machines, the IBM SP and the SGI Origin2000. We then propose extensions to the Java I/O Library that address the deficiencies in the Java I/O API and improve performance dramatically. The extensions add bulk (array) I/O operations to Java, thereby removing much of the overhead currently associated with array I/O in Java. We have implemented the extensions in two ways: in a standard JVM using the Java Native Interface (JNI) and in a high-performance parallel dialect of Java called Titanium. We describe the two implementations and present performance results that demonstrate the benefits of the proposed extensions. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, EECS Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bonachea, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, EECS Dept, 575 Soda Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bonachea@cs.berkeley.edu NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 13 IS 8-9 BP 713 EP 736 DI 10.1002/cpe.576 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 451UQ UT WOS:000169821100005 ER PT J AU Wiseman, GA White, CA Sparks, RB Erwin, WD Podoloff, DA Lamonica, D Bartlett, NL Parker, JA Dunn, WL Spies, SM Belanger, R Witzig, TE Leigh, BR AF Wiseman, GA White, CA Sparks, RB Erwin, WD Podoloff, DA Lamonica, D Bartlett, NL Parker, JA Dunn, WL Spies, SM Belanger, R Witzig, TE Leigh, BR TI Biodistribution and dosimetry results from a phase III prospectively randomized controlled trial of Zevalin (TM) radioimmunotherapy for low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy CY MAR 02-04, 2000 CL PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY SP Garden State Canc Ctr, Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc, DEC Pharmaceut Co, Immunomedics Inc, Johnson & Johnson, Merck Res Lab, Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, New Jersey Commiss Canc Res, Scher Oncol Biotech DE dosimetry; radioimmunotherapy; Y-90 Zevalin; IDEC-Y2BS; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; rituximab ID ANTI-CD20 MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IDEC-Y2B8 RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; I-131 AB Radiation dosimetry studies were performed in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) treated with Y-90 Zevalin (TM) ((90)yttrium ibritumomab tiuxetan, IDEC-Y2B8) on a Phase III open-label prospectively randomized multicenter trial. The trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Y-90 Zevalin radioimmunotherapy compared to rituximab (Rituxan (R), MabThera (R)) immunotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed NHL. An important secondary objective was to determine if radiation dosimetry prior to Y-90 Zevalin administration is required for safe treatment in this patient population. Methods: Patients randomized into the Zevalin arm were given a tracer dose of 5 mCi (185 MBq) In-111 Zevalin ((111)indium ibritumomab tiuxetan) on Day 0, evaluated with dosimetry, and then administered a therapeutic dose of 0.4 mCi/kg (15 MBq/kg) Y-90 Zevalin on Day 7. Both Zevalin doses were preceded by an infusion of 250 mg/m(2) rituximab to clear peripheral B-cells and improve Zevalin biodistribution. Following administration of In-111 Zevalin, serial anterior and posterior whole-body scans. were acquired and blood samples were obtained. Residence times for 90Y were estimated for major organs, and the MIRDOSE3 computer software program was used to calculate organ-specific and total body radiation absorbed dose. Patients randomized into the rituximab arm received a standard course of rituximab immunotherapy (375 mg/m(2) weekly x 4). Results: In a prospectively defined 90 patient interim analysis, the overall response rate was 80% for Zevalin vs. 44% for rituximab. Wr all patients with Zevalin dosimetry data (N = 72), radiation absorbed doses were estimated to be below the protocol-defined upper limits of 300 cGy to red marrow and 2000 cGy to normal organs. The median estimated radiation absorbed doses were 71 cGy to red marrow (range: 18-221 cGy), 216 cGy to lungs (94-457 cGy), 532 cGy to liver (range: 234-1586 cGy), 848 cGy to spleen (range: 76-1902 cGy), 15 cGy to kidneys (0.27-76 cGy) and 1484 cGy to tumor (range: 61-24 274 cGy). Toxicity was primarily hematologic, transient, and reversible. The severity of hematologic nadir did not correlate with estimates of effective half-life (half-life) or residence time of Y-90 in blood, or radiation absorbed dose to the red marrow or total body. Conclusions Y-90 Zevalin administered to NHL patients at non-myeloablative maximum tolerated doses delivers acceptable radiation absorbed doses to uninvolved organs. Lack of, correlation between dosimetric or pharmacokinetic parameters and the severity of hematologic nadir suggest that hematologic toxicity is more dependent on bone marrow reserve in this heavily pre-treated population. Based on these findings, it is safe to administer Y-90 Zevalin in this defined patient population without pre-treatment In-111-based radiation dosimetry. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Nucl Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. IDEC Pharmaceut Co, San Diego, CA USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Knoxville, TN USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Robert H Lurie Canc Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Ctr, Buffalo, NY USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ryan Belanger Associates, San Diego, CA USA. RP Wiseman, GA (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Nucl Med, 200 1st St SW,Charlton Bldg,1-223, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 21 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1040-8428 J9 CRIT REV ONCOL HEMAT JI Crit. Rev. Oncol./Hematol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S1040-8428(01)00107-X PG 14 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA 450DC UT WOS:000169725400020 PM 11418315 ER PT J AU Mangel, WF McGrath, WJ Brown, MT Baniecki, ML Barnard, DL Pang, YP AF Mangel, WF McGrath, WJ Brown, MT Baniecki, ML Barnard, DL Pang, YP TI A new form of antiviral combination therapy predicted to prevent resistance from arising, and a model system to test it SO CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Protease Inhibitors CY DEC 03-06, 1999 CL GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA ID HUMAN ADENOVIRUS PROTEINASE; COLI RNA-POLYMERASE; VIRAL-DNA; PEPTIDE; BINDING; TEMPERATURE; INHIBITION; SUBSTRATE; KINETICS; PROTEASE AB Combination therapy in the treatment of viral infections in which, for example, three different drugs against three different targets on three independent proteins are administered, has been highly successful clinically. However, it is only a matter of time before a virus will arise resistant to all three drugs, because the mutations leading to drug resistance are independent of each other. But, what if the mutations leading to drug resistance are not independent of each other, but confer some cost to the virus? If the cost is too great, than resistance may not arise. To impose such a cost in the clinical treatment of viral infections, we propose a new form of combination therapy. Here, three different drugs against three different targets on the same virus-coded protein are administered. If the physiological functions of the three different target sites are not independent of each other, then, a mutation at one site may alter the physiological functions at the other sites. We present a model system in which to test the efficacy of this new form of triple combination therapy. Human adenovirus has a virus-coded proteinase that is essential for the synthesis of infectious virus. It contains an active site and two cofactor binding sites; the functions of the active site are dependent upon the cofactors interacting with their binding sites. We describe how to obtain drugs against the three different sites. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Utah State Univ, Inst Antiviral Res, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Pharmacol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Mangel, WF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI41599, N01-AI35178] NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-8673 J9 CURR MED CHEM JI Curr. Med. Chem. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 8 IS 8 BP 933 EP 939 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 450WB UT WOS:000169766900005 PM 11375760 ER PT J AU Cheyette, BNR Miller, JR Khlebtsova, N Takemaru, KI Sheldahl, LC Waxman, JS Earnest, T Moon, RT AF Cheyette, BNR Miller, JR Khlebtsova, N Takemaru, KI Sheldahl, LC Waxman, JS Earnest, T Moon, RT TI Dpr, a Wnt signaling antagonist, binds to the Dsh PDZ domain and colocalizes with Dsh. SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Macromol Crystallog Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cheyette, Benjamin/K-5535-2014 OI Cheyette, Benjamin/0000-0001-9934-7941 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 235 IS 1 MA 379 BP 254 EP 254 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 449RN UT WOS:000169701100346 ER PT J AU Fransson, LML Vaughey, JT Benedek, R Edstrom, K Thomas, JO Thackeray, MM AF Fransson, LML Vaughey, JT Benedek, R Edstrom, K Thomas, JO Thackeray, MM TI Phase transitions in lithiated Cu2Sb anodes for lithium batteries: an in situ X-ray diffraction study SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium battery; negative electrode; copper antimonide; structure ID ION-BATTERIES; LI; ELECTRODES; COMPOSITES; TIN AB Copper antimonide, Cu(2)sb, has been investigated as a negative electrode (anode) for rechargeable lithium batteries by in situ X-ray diffraction of Li/Cu2Sb cells. The data show that lithium is inserted into Cu2Sb with a concomitant extrusion of copper, which initiates a phase transition to a lithiated zinc-blende-type structure, LixCu2-ySb for 02 and 0 less than or equal toy less than or equal to1, yielding Li2CuSb at x = 2, y = 1. Further lithiation results in the displacement of the remaining copper to yield Liz(2+z)Cu(1-z)Sb compositions (0 < z 1) with the end member Li3Sb. The Sb array remains intact in a face-centred arrangement throughout these reactions, despite a 42% expansion of the array. The reactions are reversible; they occur between 1.0 and 0 V vs. Li-0, and deliver a steady capacity of approximately 290 mAh/g after one conditioning cycle. The lithium insertion/metal extrusion reactions with the Cu2Sb structure bear a resemblance to those observed previously with Cu6Sn5 and InSb. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, Dept Chem Mat, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Thackeray, MM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129; Edstroem, Kristina/0000-0003-4440-2952 NR 19 TC 154 Z9 157 U1 7 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 3 IS 7 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1016/S1388-2481(01)00140-0 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 445KQ UT WOS:000169457000001 ER PT J AU Zhang, YH He, Y Yeung, ES AF Zhang, YH He, Y Yeung, ES TI High-throughput polymerase chain reaction analysis of clinical samples by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Capillary Electrophoresis and Related Microscale Techniques (APCE 2000) CY JUN 14-17, 2000 CL HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA DE polymerase chain reaction; multiplexed absorption detection; DNA analysis ID BUCCAL CELL-DNA; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ABSORPTION DETECTION; BLOOD; AMPLIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; POLYMORPHISMS; FRAGMENTS; VIRUS; HIV-1 AB Routine genetic analysis of large numbers of individuals by polymerase chain reaction Ames, A USA (PCR) using capillary electrophoresis is often restricted by the low throughput of standard protocols and the tedious sample preparation process. Here, we demonstrate that capillary electrophoresis with UV detection can be used in PCR-based DNA analysis starting from clinical samples without purification or complicated sample manipulation. After PCR reaction using cheek cells, blood, or HIV-1 gag DNA, the reaction mixtures were injected into a capillary array either on-line or off-line by base stacking. The use of multiplexed absorption detection and the elimination of any purification steps both before and after PCR reaction can potentially provide significant benefits compared to current methods for DNA analysis with regard to time, cost, and labor. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUL PY 2001 VL 22 IS 11 BP 2296 EP 2302 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(20017)22:11<2296::AID-ELPS2296>3.0.CO;2-H PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 458CN UT WOS:000170175800025 PM 11504065 ER PT J AU Dyrkacz, G AF Dyrkacz, G TI The nature of the binary solvent N-methylpyrrolidone/carbon disulfide SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR NETWORK STRUCTURE; SELF-ASSOCIATION; MIXED-SOLVENT; BITUMINOUS COALS; EXCESS VOLUMES; ELECTRON-DONOR; LEWIS-BASES; AB-INITIO; EXTRACTION; MIXTURES AB The solvent properties of the binary solvent carbon disulfide/N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) have been investigated using density, viscosity, solvatochromic, and FTIR measurements. The excess molar volumes were negative throughout the entire range of CS2/NMP ratios suggesting complex formation or preferred solvent structures at intermediate ratios of the solvents. The viscosity measurements suggested either complex formation between CS2 and NMP or very complex self-association equilibria. FTIR data did not support the idea of specific interactions between CS2 and NMP, but did show that complex changes in self-association were occurring. The solvatochromic studies indicated that at approximately a 1:1 volume ratio, the dipolar state of the binary solvents was greater than for either solvent separately. All the information together suggested that some type of NMP chain oligomer may be an important factor in understanding the synergistic extraction of coal in CS2/NMP solvent. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dyrkacz, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 72 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP 918 EP 929 DI 10.1021/ef010003e PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 455HY UT WOS:000170022500021 ER PT J AU Schipper, L Murtishaw, S Khrushch, M Ting, M Karbuz, S Unander, F AF Schipper, L Murtishaw, S Khrushch, M Ting, M Karbuz, S Unander, F TI Carbon emissions from manufacturing energy use in 13 IEA countries: long-term trends through 1995 SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE industrial CO2 emissions; decomposition analysis; international comparisons ID OECD COUNTRIES; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; DECOMPOSITION; INTENSITIES AB This paper analyses the evolution of carbon emissions from the manufacturing sectors of 13 IEA countries, based on national data at the 2 or 3 sector ISIC level of disaggregation. We carry out an Adaptive-Weighting-Divisia decomposition of changes into factors representing sub-sectoral branch energy intensities, output mix or structure, final fuel mix, and utility fuel mix. We also carry out a detailed comparison of emissions by country and sub-sector for 1994. We find that by the mid-1990s, emissions from manufacturing in most countries were close to their 1973 levels. The main reasons were lower branch energy intensities and in some countries changes in utility fuel mix. Changes in the mix of output had small downward effects in a few large countries (Japan and the United States), while these shifts increased emissions in others (Australia, Norway, Netherlands). Fuel mix changes lowered emissions slightly, principally through moves away from coal and oil towards gas. The comparison of countries shows that after overall output, energy intensities explain most of the differences in per capita emissions from manufacturing Fuel mix and utility fuel mix play an important role for some countries with very CO2 - free power sectors (Sweden, Norway, France) or CO2 intensive power sectors (Australia). Some of the differences in energy intensities, however, arise because of hidden sub-sectoral mix effects that cannot be resolved at the 3-digit ISIC level of disaggregation. Emissions have been rising since 1990, largely because energy intensities are not falling as fast as they did before 1990. What this means for the Kyoto Accord and other concerns related to global carbon emissions remains to be seen. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Int Energy Agcy, F-75739 Paris 15, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. London Business Sch, London NW1 4SA, England. RP Schipper, L (reprint author), Int Energy Agcy, 9 Rue Federat, F-75739 Paris 15, France. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JUL PY 2001 VL 29 IS 9 BP 667 EP 688 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00163-4 PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418RM UT WOS:000167905200002 ER PT J AU Mongia, P Schumacher, K Sathaye, J AF Mongia, P Schumacher, K Sathaye, J TI Policy reforms and productivity growth in India's energy intensive industries SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE policy reform; productivity growth; Indian manufacturing industries AB India had a highly restrictive industrial and trade policy regime until the end of the 1960s. This regime while succeeding to some extent in creating a diversified industrial base introduced gross inefficiencies in many sectors of the economy. Beginning in the early 1970s, Indian economic policies have been marked by deregulation, decontrol and progressive liberalization. In this paper, we assess the impact of policy reforms on total productivity growth in India's energy intensive sectors: aluminum, cement, fertilizer, iron and steel and paper. Assuming a translog specification of a four input (KLEM) production function, we use growth accounting to decompose the growth of output into growth of inputs and a residual representing total productivity growth. We relate changes in productivity indices to changes in technologies, processes and production conditions, which policy reforms helped bring about. A major finding of this paper is that overall productivity growth in these industries was quite low during 1973-1994. However, there were significant differences in productivity growth across industries during this time period. These differences can to a large extent be explained by the nature and timing of policy changes in individual sectors. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Delhi Sch Econ, Delhi 110007, India. RP Schumacher, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JUL PY 2001 VL 29 IS 9 BP 715 EP 724 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(01)00004-0 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418RM UT WOS:000167905200005 ER PT J AU Ahlert, RC Peters, RW AF Ahlert, RC Peters, RW TI Treatment of PCB-contaminated soils: I. Evaluation of in situ reductive dechlorination of PCBs SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; BIODEGRADATION; BIPHENYL; DEGRADATION; SEDIMENTS AB Soil samples were obtained from a site contaminated with PCBs. PCB contamination is not uniform at the source of the samples, Some may, be present as isolated "hot spots. " The anaerobic phase of a two-stage bioremediation process was evaluated. Populations of native organisms were very low, Species capable of dechlorination of PCBs did not proliferate under anaerobic conditions in the laboratory. Reductive dechlorination did not occur. In situ reductive dechlorination of heavily substituted PCB congeners is not likely to make a useful contribution to elimination at the site represented by the soil samples. C1 RAMS Environm Inc, Ormond Beach, FL 32175 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahlert, RC (reprint author), RAMS Environm Inc, POB 1985, Ormond Beach, FL 32175 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1002/ep.670200214 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 457JC UT WOS:000170132800009 ER PT J AU Leiby, P Rubin, J AF Leiby, P Rubin, J TI Intertemporal permit trading for the control of greenhouse gas emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE emission trading; greenhouse gases; marketable permits; stock pollutant ID MARKETS; BANKING AB This paper integrates two themes in the intertemporal permit literature through the construction of an intertemporal banking system for a pollutant that creates both stock and flow damages. A permit banking system for the special case of a pollutant that only causes stock damages is also developed. This latter, simpler case corresponds roughly to the greenhouse gas emission reduction regime proposed by the U.S. Department of State as a means of fulfilling the U.S. commitment to the Framework Convention on Climate Change. This paper shows that environmental regulators can achieve the socially optimal level of emissions and output through time by setting the correct total sum of allowable emissions, and specifying the correct intertemporal trading ratio for banking and borrowing. For the case of greenhouse gases, we show that the optimal growth rate of permit prices, and therefore the optimal intertemporal trading rate, has the closed-form solution equal to the ratio of current marginal stock damages to the discounted future value of marginal stock damages less the decay rate of emissions in the atmosphere. Given a non-optimal negotiated emission path we then derive a permit banking system that has the potential to lower net social costs by adjusting the intertemporal trading ratio taking into account the behavior of private agents. We use a simple numerical simulation model to illustrate the potential gains from various possible banking systems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Resource Econ & Policy, Margaret Chase Smith Ctr Publ Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Leiby, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, POB 2008,MS 6205, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 19 IS 3 BP 229 EP 256 DI 10.1023/A:1011124215404 PG 28 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448GJ UT WOS:000169618800002 ER PT J AU Gariboldi, JC Bryan, AL Jagoe, CH AF Gariboldi, JC Bryan, AL Jagoe, CH TI Annual and regional variation in mercury concentrations in wood stork nestlings SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; Mycteria americana; wood stork; freshwater; salt water ID MYCTERIA-AMERICANA; FEATHERS; GEORGIA; CONTAMINATION; METHYLMERCURY; SEABIRDS; FLORIDA; BIOACCUMULATION; ENVIRONMENT; MOLT AB Mercury concentrations were measured in blood, down, and feathers from approximately 300 wood stork nestlings in one South Carolina, USA, and four Georgia, USA. colonies from 1996 to 1999. Coastal nestlings generally had lower mercury concentrations than those from inland colonies. Interyear differences were also apparent, particularly for coastal colonies, where nestling mercury concentrations were higher in 1998 than in 1997 or 1999. In 1998, a wet winter followed by a dry spring and summer produced ideal freshwater foraging conditions and mercury concentrations in coastal nestlings were higher than during the two dry years. There was little interyear variation in mercury concentrations in nestlings from inland colonies. as parent stories from these colonies forage exclusively in freshwater habitats regardless of rainfall patterns. These results suggest that greater risk of mercury exposure to nestlings is associated with use of freshwater foraging habitats. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1551 EP 1556 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<1551:AARVIM>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 446TC UT WOS:000169527700019 PM 11434297 ER PT J AU Maclay, GJ Fearn, H Milonni, PW AF Maclay, GJ Fearn, H Milonni, PW TI Of some theoretical significance: implications of Casimir effects SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT PROBLEM; VACUUM; FORCE; PLATES AB We will describe some aspects of Casimir effects that appear to be of particular significance now, more than half a century after Casimir's famous paper. C1 Quantum Fields LLC, Richland Ctr, WI 53581 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Phys, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. RP Maclay, GJ (reprint author), Quantum Fields LLC, 20876 Wildflower Lane, Richland Ctr, WI 53581 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/22/4/323 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 493XE UT WOS:000172248100026 ER PT J AU Heister, A Schael, S Barate, R De Bonis, I Decamp, D Ghez, P Goy, C Jezequel, S Lees, JP Martin, F Merle, E Minard, MN Pietrzyk, B Trocme, B Bravo, S Casado, MP Chmeissani, M Crespo, JM Fernandez, E Fernandez-Bosman, M Garrido, L Grauges, E Lopez, J Martinez, M Merino, G Miquel, R Mir, LM Pacheco, A Paneque, D Ruiz, H Colaleo, A Creanza, D De Filippis, N de Palma, M Iaselli, G Maggi, G Maggi, M Nuzzo, S Ranieri, A Raso, G Ruggieri, F Selvaggi, G Silvestris, L Tempesta, P Tricomi, A Zito, G Huang, X Lin, J Ouyang, Q Wang, T Xie, Y Xu, R Xue, S Zhang, J Zhang, L Zhao, W Abbaneo, D Azzurri, P Barklow, T Boix, G Buchmuller, O Cattaneo, M Cerutti, F Clerbaux, B Dissertori, G Drevermann, H Forty, RW Frank, M Gianotti, F Greening, TC Hansen, JB Harvey, J Hutchcroft, DE Janot, P Jost, B Kado, M Lemaitre, V Maley, P Mato, P Moutoussi, A Ranjard, F Rolandi, L Schlatter, D Spagnolo, P Tejessy, W Teubert, F Tournefier, E Valassi, A Ward, JJ Wright, AE Ajaltouni, Z Badaud, F Dessagne, S Falvard, A Fayolle, D Gay, P Henrard, P Jousset, J Michel, B Monteil, S Montret, JC Pallin, D Pascolo, JM Perret, P Podlyski, F Hansen, JD Hansen, JR Hansen, PH Nilsson, BS Waananen, A Daskalakis, G Kyriakis, A Markou, C Simopoulou, E Vayaki, A Blondel, A Brient, JC Machefert, F Rouge, A Swynghedauw, M Tanaka, R Videau, H Focardi, E Parrini, G Zachariadou, K Antonelli, A Antonelli, M Bencivenni, G Bologna, G Bossi, F Campana, P Capon, G Chiarella, V Laurelli, P Mannocchi, G Murtas, F Murtas, GP Passalacqua, L Pepe-Altarelli, M Chalmers, M Halley, AW Kennedy, J Lynch, JG Negus, P O'Shea, V Raeven, B Smith, D Thompson, AS Wasserbaeck, S Cavanaugh, R Dhamotharan, S Geweniger, C Hanke, P Hepp, V Kluge, EE Leibenguth, G Putzer, A Tittel, K Werner, S Wunsch, M Beuselinck, R Binnie, DM Cameron, W Davies, G Dornan, PJ Girone, M Marinelli, N Nowell, J Przysiezniak, H Rutherford, S Sedgbeer, JK Thompson, JC White, R Ghete, VM Girtler, P Kneringer, E Kuhn, D Rudolph, G Bouhova-Thacker, E Bowdery, CK Clarke, DP Ellis, G Finch, AJ Foster, F Hughes, G Jones, RWL Pearson, MR Robertson, NA Smizanska, M Giehl, I Holldorfer, F Jakobs, K Kleinknecht, K Krocker, M Muller, AS Nurnberger, HA Quast, G Renk, B Rohne, E Sander, HG Schmeling, S Wachsmuth, H Zeitnitz, C Ziegler, T Bonissent, A Carr, J Coyle, P Curtil, C Ealet, A Fouchez, D Leroy, O Kachelhoffer, T Payre, P Rousseau, D Tilquin, A Aleppo, M Gilardoni, S Ragusa, F David, A Dietl, H Ganis, G Huttmann, K Lutjens, G Mannert, C Manner, W Moser, HG Settles, R Stenzel, H Wolf, G Boucrot, J Callot, O Davier, M Duflot, L Grivaz, JF Heusse, P Jacholkowska, A Serin, L Veillet, JJ Videau, I de Regie, JBD Yuan, C Bagliesi, G Boccali, T Calderini, G Ciulli, V Foa, L Giammanco, A Giassi, A Ligabue, F Messineo, A Palla, F Sanguinetti, G Sciaba, A Sguazzoni, G Tenchini, R Venturi, A Verdini, PG Awunor, O Blair, GA Coles, J Cowan, G Garcia-Bellido, A Green, MG Jones, LT Medcalf, T Misiejuk, A Strong, JA Teixeira-Dias, P Clifft, RW Edgecock, TR Norton, PR Tomalin, IR Bloch-Devaux, B Boumediene, D Colas, P Fabbro, B Lancon, E Lemaire, MC Locci, E Perez, P Rander, J Renardy, JF Rosowsky, A Seager, P Trabelsi, A Tuchming, B Vallage, B Konstantinidis, N Litke, AM Loomis, C Taylor, G Booth, CN Cartwright, S Combley, F Hodgson, PN Lehto, M Thompson, LF Affholderbach, K Bohrer, A Brandt, S Grupen, C Hess, J Ngac, A Prange, G Sieler, U Borean, C Giannini, G He, H Putz, J Rothberg, J Armstrong, SR Cranmer, K Elmer, P Ferguson, DPS Gao, Y Gonzalez, S Hayes, OJ Hu, H Jin, S Kile, J McNamara, PA Nielsen, J Orejudos, W Pan, YB Saadi, Y Scott, LJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Walsh, J Wiedenmann, W Wu, J Wu, SL Wu, X Zobernig, G AF Heister, A Schael, S Barate, R De Bonis, I Decamp, D Ghez, P Goy, C Jezequel, S Lees, JP Martin, F Merle, E Minard, MN Pietrzyk, B Trocme, B Bravo, S Casado, MP Chmeissani, M Crespo, JM Fernandez, E Fernandez-Bosman, M Garrido, L Grauges, E Lopez, J Martinez, M Merino, G Miquel, R Mir, LM Pacheco, A Paneque, D Ruiz, H Colaleo, A Creanza, D De Filippis, N de Palma, M Iaselli, G Maggi, G Maggi, M Nuzzo, S Ranieri, A Raso, G Ruggieri, F Selvaggi, G Silvestris, L Tempesta, P Tricomi, A Zito, G Huang, X Lin, J Ouyang, Q Wang, T Xie, Y Xu, R Xue, S Zhang, J Zhang, L Zhao, W Abbaneo, D Azzurri, P Barklow, T Boix, G Buchmuller, O Cattaneo, M Cerutti, F Clerbaux, B Dissertori, G Drevermann, H Forty, RW Frank, M Gianotti, F Greening, TC Hansen, JB Harvey, J Hutchcroft, DE Janot, P Jost, B Kado, M Lemaitre, V Maley, P Mato, P Moutoussi, A Ranjard, F Rolandi, L Schlatter, D Spagnolo, P Tejessy, W Teubert, F Tournefier, E Valassi, A Ward, JJ Wright, AE Ajaltouni, Z Badaud, F Dessagne, S Falvard, A Fayolle, D Gay, P Henrard, P Jousset, J Michel, B Monteil, S Montret, JC Pallin, D Pascolo, JM Perret, P Podlyski, F Hansen, JD Hansen, JR Hansen, PH Nilsson, BS Waananen, A Daskalakis, G Kyriakis, A Markou, C Simopoulou, E Vayaki, A Blondel, A Brient, JC Machefert, F Rouge, A Swynghedauw, M Tanaka, R Videau, H Focardi, E Parrini, G Zachariadou, K Antonelli, A Antonelli, M Bencivenni, G Bologna, G Bossi, F Campana, P Capon, G Chiarella, V Laurelli, P Mannocchi, G Murtas, F Murtas, GP Passalacqua, L Pepe-Altarelli, M Chalmers, M Halley, AW Kennedy, J Lynch, JG Negus, P O'Shea, V Raeven, B Smith, D Thompson, AS Wasserbaeck, S Cavanaugh, R Dhamotharan, S Geweniger, C Hanke, P Hepp, V Kluge, EE Leibenguth, G Putzer, A Tittel, K Werner, S Wunsch, M Beuselinck, R Binnie, DM Cameron, W Davies, G Dornan, PJ Girone, M Marinelli, N Nowell, J Przysiezniak, H Rutherford, S Sedgbeer, JK Thompson, JC White, R Ghete, VM Girtler, P Kneringer, E Kuhn, D Rudolph, G Bouhova-Thacker, E Bowdery, CK Clarke, DP Ellis, G Finch, AJ Foster, F Hughes, G Jones, RWL Pearson, MR Robertson, NA Smizanska, M Giehl, I Holldorfer, F Jakobs, K Kleinknecht, K Krocker, M Muller, AS Nurnberger, HA Quast, G Renk, B Rohne, E Sander, HG Schmeling, S Wachsmuth, H Zeitnitz, C Ziegler, T Bonissent, A Carr, J Coyle, P Curtil, C Ealet, A Fouchez, D Leroy, O Kachelhoffer, T Payre, P Rousseau, D Tilquin, A Aleppo, M Gilardoni, S Ragusa, F David, A Dietl, H Ganis, G Huttmann, K Lutjens, G Mannert, C Manner, W Moser, HG Settles, R Stenzel, H Wolf, G Boucrot, J Callot, O Davier, M Duflot, L Grivaz, JF Heusse, P Jacholkowska, A Serin, L Veillet, JJ Videau, I de Regie, JBD Yuan, C Bagliesi, G Boccali, T Calderini, G Ciulli, V Foa, L Giammanco, A Giassi, A Ligabue, F Messineo, A Palla, F Sanguinetti, G Sciaba, A Sguazzoni, G Tenchini, R Venturi, A Verdini, PG Awunor, O Blair, GA Coles, J Cowan, G Garcia-Bellido, A Green, MG Jones, LT Medcalf, T Misiejuk, A Strong, JA Teixeira-Dias, P Clifft, RW Edgecock, TR Norton, PR Tomalin, IR Bloch-Devaux, B Boumediene, D Colas, P Fabbro, B Lancon, E Lemaire, MC Locci, E Perez, P Rander, J Renardy, JF Rosowsky, A Seager, P Trabelsi, A Tuchming, B Vallage, B Konstantinidis, N Litke, AM Loomis, C Taylor, G Booth, CN Cartwright, S Combley, F Hodgson, PN Lehto, M Thompson, LF Affholderbach, K Bohrer, A Brandt, S Grupen, C Hess, J Ngac, A Prange, G Sieler, U Borean, C Giannini, G He, H Putz, J Rothberg, J Armstrong, SR Cranmer, K Elmer, P Ferguson, DPS Gao, Y Gonzalez, S Hayes, OJ Hu, H Jin, S Kile, J McNamara, PA Nielsen, J Orejudos, W Pan, YB Saadi, Y Scott, LJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Walsh, J Wiedenmann, W Wu, J Wu, SL Wu, X Zobernig, G CA ALEPH Collaboration TI Measurement of triple gauge-boson couplings at LEP energies up to 189 GeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; PAIR PRODUCTION; OPTIMAL OBSERVABLES; EVENT GENERATION; VECTOR BOSONS; SINGLE; E(+)E(-); COLLIDERS; E+E-->W+W AB The triple gauge-boson couplings involving the W are determined using data samples collected with the ALEPH detector at mean centre-of-mass energies of 183 GeV and 189 GeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 57 pb(-1) and 174 pb(-1), respectively. The couplings, g(1)(Z), kappa (gamma) and lambda (gamma) are measured using W-pair events, single-W production and single-gamma production. Each coupling is measured individually with the other two couplings fixed at their standard model value. Including ALEPH results from lower energies, the 95% confidence level intervals for the deviation to the standard model are -0.087 < Deltag(1)(Z) < 0.141, -0.200 < Delta kappa (gamma) < 0.258, and - 0.062 < lambda (gamma) < 0.147. Fits are also presented where two or all three couplings are allowed to vary. In addition, W-pair events are used to set limits on the C- or P-violating couplings g(4)(V), g(5)(V), <()over tilde>(V) and <()over tilde>(V), where Vdenotes either gamma or Z. No deviations from the standard model expectations are observed. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. CNRS, LAPP, IN2P3, F-74019 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Acad Sinica, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Clermont Ferrand, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Democritos Nucl Res Ctr, Athens 15310, Greece. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Haverford Coll, Dept Phys, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, F-13288 Marseille, France. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst Phys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, IN2P3, CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Particle Phys Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. LAPP, F-74019 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Dipartimento Fis, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy. CNR, Ist Cosmogeofis, I-10133 Turin, Italy. Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Fis & Tecnol Relat, Palermo, Italy. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RI Ligabue, Franco/F-3432-2014; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Hansen, John/B-9058-2015; Sguazzoni, Giacomo/J-4620-2015; Murtas, Fabrizio/B-5729-2012; Booth, Christopher/B-5263-2016; Pacheco Pages, Andres/C-5353-2011; Casado, Pilar/H-1484-2015; Colas, Paul/F-2876-2013; Ruiz, Hugo/H-4141-2013; Jones, Roger/H-5578-2011; O'Shea, Val/G-1279-2010; Fernandez, Enrique/L-5387-2014; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; Chmeissani, Mokhtar/G-4346-2015; ANTONELLI, ANTONELLA/C-6238-2011; Passalacqua, Luca/F-5127-2011; Focardi, Ettore/E-7376-2012; Venturi, Andrea/J-1877-2012; Valassi, Andrea/K-7506-2012; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/E-8563-2013 OI Cranmer, Kyle/0000-0002-5769-7094; Murtas, Fabrizio/0000-0002-7041-6541; Garrido Beltran, Lluis/0000-0001-8883-6539; Miquel, Ramon/0000-0002-6610-4836; Merino, Gonzalo/0000-0002-9540-5742; Ligabue, Franco/0000-0002-1549-7107; Tricomi, Alessia Rita/0000-0002-5071-5501; Ciulli, Vitaliano/0000-0003-1947-3396; Boccali, Tommaso/0000-0002-9930-9299; Yuan, Chang-Zheng/0000-0002-1652-6686; Chiarella, Vitaliano/0000-0002-4210-2924; Nielsen, Jason/0000-0002-9175-4419; Beuselinck, Raymond/0000-0003-2613-7446; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Hansen, John/0000-0002-8422-5543; Sguazzoni, Giacomo/0000-0002-0791-3350; Booth, Christopher/0000-0002-6051-2847; Pacheco Pages, Andres/0000-0001-8210-1734; Casado, Pilar/0000-0002-0394-5646; Bloch-Devaux, Brigitte/0000-0002-2463-1232; RASO, Giuseppe/0000-0002-5660-3711; Jones, Roger/0000-0002-6427-3513; O'Shea, Val/0000-0001-7183-1205; Fernandez, Enrique/0000-0002-6405-9488; Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X; Chmeissani, Mokhtar/0000-0002-2287-4791; Focardi, Ettore/0000-0002-3763-5267; Valassi, Andrea/0000-0001-9322-9565; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/0000-0002-0635-274X NR 65 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. 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Mellado, B Paganis, S Sampson, S Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Mindur, B Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Szuba, D Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Borras, K Chiochia, V Crittenden, J Dannheim, D Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hebbel, K Hillert, S Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labes, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Martens, J Martinez, M Milite, M Mortiz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stonjek, S Wolf, G Wollmer, U Whitmore, JJ Wichmann, R Youngman, C Zeuner, W Coldewey, C Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Lee, SW Lupi, A McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Bodmann, JB Gendner, N Holm, U Salehi, H Wick, K Yildirim, A Ziegler, A Carli, T Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Lohrmann, E Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Ahn, SH Lee, SB Park, SK Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Garcia, G Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Bashkirov, V Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Maddox, E Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Schagen, S Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tunin, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grosse-Knetter, J Matsushita, T Quadt, A Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Adamczyk, L Iannotti, L Oh, BY Saull, PRB Toothacker, WS Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Williams, DC Park, IH Pavel, AN Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kohno, T Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, J Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Sztuk, J Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Breitweg, J Chapin, D Cross, R Kcira, D Lammers, S Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Straub, VWHPB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Menary, S AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Stanek, R Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Brock, I Deffner, R Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, W Liu, X Mellado, B Paganis, S Sampson, S Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Mindur, B Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Szuba, D Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Borras, K Chiochia, V Crittenden, J Dannheim, D Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hebbel, K Hillert, S Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labes, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Martens, J Martinez, M Milite, M Mortiz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stonjek, S Wolf, G Wollmer, U Whitmore, JJ Wichmann, R Youngman, C Zeuner, W Coldewey, C Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Lee, SW Lupi, A McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Bodmann, JB Gendner, N Holm, U Salehi, H Wick, K Yildirim, A Ziegler, A Carli, T Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Lohrmann, E Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Ahn, SH Lee, SB Park, SK Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Garcia, G Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Bashkirov, V Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Maddox, E Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Schagen, S Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tunin, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grosse-Knetter, J Matsushita, T Quadt, A Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Adamczyk, L Iannotti, L Oh, BY Saull, PRB Toothacker, WS Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Williams, DC Park, IH Pavel, AN Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kohno, T Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, J Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Sztuk, J Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Breitweg, J Chapin, D Cross, R Kcira, D Lammers, S Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Straub, VWHPB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Menary, S CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of the neutral current cross section and F-2 structure function for deep inelastic e(+)p scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; DEUTERON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; GLOBAL QCD ANALYSIS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; REAR CALORIMETER; MUON SCATTERING; PROTON; NUCLEON AB The cross section and the proton structure function F-2 fur neutral current deep inelastic e(+)p scattering have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 30 pb(-1). The data were collected in 1996 and 1997 at a centre-of-mass energy of 300 GeV. They cover the kinematic range 2.7 < Q(2) < 30000 GeV2 and 6.10(-5) < x < 0.65. The variation of F-2 with x and Q(2) is well described by next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD as implemented in the DGLAP evolution equations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Techniques, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015 OI Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Bailey, David C/0000-0002-7970-7839; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; NR 55 TC 353 Z9 355 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 443 EP 471 DI 10.1007/s100520100749 PG 29 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 478EC UT WOS:000171329100005 ER PT J AU Klein, SR Nystrand, J Vogt, R AF Klein, SR Nystrand, J Vogt, R TI Photoproduction of top quarks in peripheral heavy ion collisions SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID VECTOR-MESON PRODUCTION; PHOTON-GLUON FUSION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; LEADING ORDER; DEPENDENCE AB In relativistic heavy ion collisions, top quarks can be produced by photon-gluon fusion when a photon from the Weizsacker-Williams virtual photon field of one nucleus interacts vith a gluon in the other nucleus. Photoproduction with heavy ions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the first accessible non-hadronic top production channel. We calculate the t (t) over bar photoproduction cross sections, pair mass and top quark rapidity distributions in peripheral lead-lead and oxygen-oxygen collisions. The cross sections are sensitive to the top quark charge and the large-Q(2) gluon distribution in the nucleus. We find a cross section of 15 pb in oxygen-oxygen collisions, leading to 210 pairs in a one month (10(6) s) LHC run. In pA collisions, the rate is higher, 1100 pairs per month for pO. A comparison of the AA and pA data might allow for a study of gluon shadowing at high Q(2). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Klein, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 563 EP 566 DI 10.1007/s100520100739 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 478EC UT WOS:000171329100015 ER PT J AU Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Arrington, J Aschenauer, EC Avakian, H Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Bains, B Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Bottcher, H Borissov, A Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brauksiepe, S Braun, B Bruckner, W Brull, A Budz, P Bulten, HJ Capitani, GP Carter, P Chumney, P Cisbani, E Court, GR Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E De Schepper, D Devitsin, E Huberts, PKAD Di Nezza, P Djordjadze, V Duren, M Dvoredsky, A Elbakian, G Ely, J Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Ferro-Luzzi, M Fiedler, K Filippone, BW Fischer, H Fox, B Franz, J Frullani, S Garber, Y Garibaldi, F Garutti, E Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Golendukhin, A Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Green, PW Greeniaus, LG Gute, A Haeberli, W Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Heinsius, FH Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hoffmann-Rothe, P Hofman, G Holler, Y Holt, RJ Hommez, B Hoprich, W Iarygin, G Ihssen, H Iodice, M Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Kanesaka, J Kinney, E Kisselev, A Kitching, P Kobayashi, H Koch, N Konigsmann, K Kolster, H Korotkov, V Kotik, E Kozlov, V Krivokhijine, VG Kyle, G Lagamba, L Laziev, A Lenisa, P Lindemann, T Lorenzon, W Makins, NCR Martin, JW Marukyan, H Masoli, F McAndrew, M McIlhany, K McKeown, RD Meissner, F Menden, F Metz, A Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Milner, R Muccifora, V Mussa, R Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Nowak, WD O'Neill, TG Openshaw, R Ouyang, J Owen, BR Pate, SF Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Rakness, G Redwine, R Reggiani, D Reolon, AR Ristinen, R Rith, K Robinson, D Rostomyan, A Ruh, M Ryckbosch, D Sakemi, Y Sato, F Savin, I Scarlett, C Schafer, A Schill, C Schmidt, F Schmitt, M Schnell, G Schuler, KP Schwind, A Seibert, J Shibata, TA Shin, T Shutov, V Simani, MC Simon, A Sinram, K Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stewart, J Stosslein, U Suetsugu, K Sutter, M Tallini, H Taroian, S Terkulov, A Tessarin, S Thomas, E Tipton, B Tytgat, M Urciuoli, GM van den Brand, JFJ van der Steenhoven, G van de Vyver, R van Hunen, JJ Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Visser, J Volk, E Weiskopf, C Wendland, J Wilbert, J Wise, T Woller, K Yoneyama, S Zohrabian, H AF Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Arrington, J Aschenauer, EC Avakian, H Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Bains, B Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Bottcher, H Borissov, A Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brauksiepe, S Braun, B Bruckner, W Brull, A Budz, P Bulten, HJ Capitani, GP Carter, P Chumney, P Cisbani, E Court, GR Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E De Schepper, D Devitsin, E Huberts, PKAD Di Nezza, P Djordjadze, V Duren, M Dvoredsky, A Elbakian, G Ely, J Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Ferro-Luzzi, M Fiedler, K Filippone, BW Fischer, H Fox, B Franz, J Frullani, S Garber, Y Garibaldi, F Garutti, E Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Golendukhin, A Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Green, PW Greeniaus, LG Gute, A Haeberli, W Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Heinsius, FH Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hoffmann-Rothe, P Hofman, G Holler, Y Holt, RJ Hommez, B Hoprich, W Iarygin, G Ihssen, H Iodice, M Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Kanesaka, J Kinney, E Kisselev, A Kitching, P Kobayashi, H Koch, N Konigsmann, K Kolster, H Korotkov, V Kotik, E Kozlov, V Krivokhijine, VG Kyle, G Lagamba, L Laziev, A Lenisa, P Lindemann, T Lorenzon, W Makins, NCR Martin, JW Marukyan, H Masoli, F McAndrew, M McIlhany, K McKeown, RD Meissner, F Menden, F Metz, A Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Milner, R Muccifora, V Mussa, R Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Nowak, WD O'Neill, TG Openshaw, R Ouyang, J Owen, BR Pate, SF Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Rakness, G Redwine, R Reggiani, D Reolon, AR Ristinen, R Rith, K Robinson, D Rostomyan, A Ruh, M Ryckbosch, D Sakemi, Y Sato, F Savin, I Scarlett, C Schafer, A Schill, C Schmidt, F Schmitt, M Schnell, G Schuler, KP Schwind, A Seibert, J Shibata, TA Shin, T Shutov, V Simani, MC Simon, A Sinram, K Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stewart, J Stosslein, U Suetsugu, K Sutter, M Tallini, H Taroian, S Terkulov, A Tessarin, S Thomas, E Tipton, B Tytgat, M Urciuoli, GM van den Brand, JFJ van der Steenhoven, G van de Vyver, R van Hunen, JJ Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Visser, J Volk, E Weiskopf, C Wendland, J Wilbert, J Wise, T Woller, K Yoneyama, S Zohrabian, H CA HERMES Collaboration TI Multiplicity of charged and neutral pions in deep-inelastic scattering of 27.5 GeV positrons on hydrogen SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING ORDER; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; BREIT FRAME; PI-0 MESONS; MU-P; DISTRIBUTIONS; DEPENDENCE; HADRONS; QUARK; ELECTROPRODUCTION AB Measurements of the individual multiplicities of pi (+), pi (-) and pi (0) produced in thc deep-inelastic scattering of 27.5 GeV positrons on hydrogen are presented. The average charged pion multiplicity is the same as for neutral pions, up to z approximate to 0.7, where z is the fraction of the energy transferred in the scattering process carried by the pion. This result (below z approximate to 0.7) is consistent with isospin invariance. The total energy fraction associated with charged and neutral pions is 0.51 +/- 0.01(stat.) +/- 0.08 (syst.) and 0.26 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.04(syst.), respectively. For fixed z, the measured multiplicities depend oil both the negative squared four momentum transfer Q(2) and the Bjorken variable x. The observed dependence oil Q(2) agrees qualitatively with the expected behaviour based oil NLO-QCD evolution, while, the dependence on x is consistent with that of previous data after corrections have been made for the expected Q(2)-dependence. C1 Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sez Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70124 Bari, Italy. CALTECH, WK Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Colorado, Phys Nucl Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. DESY, Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. State Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Ist Super Sanita, Grp Sanita & Phys Lab, Sez Roma 1, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Airapetian, A (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Messier, Claude/A-2322-2008; Kozlov, Valentin/M-8000-2015; Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015; Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Messier, Claude/0000-0002-4791-1763; Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Lagamba, Luigi/0000-0002-0233-9812; Heinsius, Fritz-Herbert/0000-0002-9545-5117; Mussa, Roberto/0000-0002-0294-9071 NR 37 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 599 EP 606 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 494HR UT WOS:000172276700001 ER PT J AU Muller, S Wolverton, C Wang, LW Zunger, A AF Muller, S Wolverton, C Wang, LW Zunger, A TI Prediction of alloy precipitate shapes from first principles SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GUINIER-PRESTON ZONES; AL-CU ALLOYS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TOTAL ENERGY; COHERENT; SOLIDS; ZN AB We have elucidated the physical mechanisms governing the observed size- and temperature dependence of precipitate shapes in Al-Zn alloys via quantum-mechanical first-principles simulations. In remarkable quantitative agreement with alloy aging experiments, we nd that with decreasing temperature and increasing average size, the precipitates change from spherical to plate-like shape. Although the precipitates are created by an inherently kinetic heat treatment process, the entire series of their size vs. shape relation can be explained in terms of thermodynamic arguments and understood in terms of strain and chemical energies. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Ford Motor Co, Res Lab, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Festkorperphys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Muller, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Wolverton, Christopher/B-7542-2009; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1209/epl/i2001-00377-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 450TU UT WOS:000169759800006 ER PT J AU Schmidt, HJ Schnack, J Luban, M AF Schmidt, HJ Schnack, J Luban, M TI Bounding and approximating parabolas for the spectrum of Heisenberg spin systems SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENTRAPPING ALKALINE IONS; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; CLUSTERS AB We prove that for a wide class of quantum spin systems with isotropic Heisenberg coupling the energy eigenvalues which belong to a total spin quantum number S have upper and lower bounds depending at most quadratically on S. The only assumption adopted is that the mean coupling strength of any spin with respect to its neighbours is constant for all N spins. The coefficients of the bounding parabolas are given in terms of special eigenvalues of the N x N coupling matrix which are usually easily evaluated. In addition, we show that the bounding parabolas, if properly shifted, provide very good approximations of the true boundaries of the spectrum. We present numerical examples of frustrated rings, a cube, and an icosahedron. C1 Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. RI Schnack, Jurgen/A-4079-2008 OI Schnack, Jurgen/0000-0003-0702-2723 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1209/epl/i2001-00388-9 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 450TU UT WOS:000169759800017 ER PT J AU Hanson, KM Hemez, FM AF Hanson, KM Hemez, FM TI A framework for assessing confidence in computational predictions - Computational validation series: Part 3 SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Methods Adv Sci Simulat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hanson, KM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Methods Adv Sci Simulat Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 25 IS 4 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2001.tb00034.x PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 463XX UT WOS:000170503500013 ER PT J AU Rempe, SB Pratt, LR AF Rempe, SB Pratt, LR TI The hydration number of Na(+) in liquid water SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV Colorado, Boulder, CO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties HO UNIV Colorado DE ab initio molecular dynamics; dielectric continuum; electronic structure; hydration; information theory; quasi-chemical theory; sodium ion ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; METAL-CATIONS; X-RAY; IONS; MOBILITY; CL; THERMODYNAMICS; 25-DEGREES-C; SELECTIVITY AB An ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of a Na(+) ion in aqueous solution is presented and discussed. The calculation treats a Na(+) ion and 32 water molecules with periodic boundary conditions on a cubic volume with water density 0.996 g/cm(3) and at a temperature of 344 +/- 24 K. Analysis of the last half of the 12 ps trajectory shows 4.6 water molecules occupying the inner hydration shell of the Na+ ion on average, with 5 being the most probable occupancy. The self-diffusion coefficient observed for the Na(+) is 1.0 x 10(-5) cm(2)/s. The quasi-chemical theory of solutions provides the framework for two more calculations. First a complementary calculation, based on electronic structure results for ion-water clusters and a dielectric continuum model of outer sphere hydration contributions, predicts an average hydration shell occupancy of 4.0. This underestimate is attributed to the harmonic approximation for the clusters in conjunction with the approximate dielectric continuum model treatment of outer sphere contributions. Finally a maximum entropy fitting of inner sphere occupancies that leads to insensitive composite free energy approximations suggests a value in the neighborhood of -68 kcal/mol for the hydration free energy of Na(+) (aq) under these conditions with no contribution supplied for packing or van der Waals interactions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pratt, LR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lrp@lanl.gov RI Rempe, Susan/H-1979-2011; Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451 NR 36 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 7 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 183 SI SI BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00426-5 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 461WB UT WOS:000170385600012 ER PT J AU Yezdimer, EM Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT AF Yezdimer, EM Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT TI Chain length effects on aqueous alkane solubility near the solvent's critical point SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV Colorado, Boulder, CO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties HO UNIV Colorado DE equation of state; residual (properties); molecular simulation; butane; octane; solubility ID MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE COEXISTENCE; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; GROUP ADDITIVITY; FORCE-FIELDS; SIMULATIONS; STATE; EQUATION; PRESSURES; WATER AB Free energy of hydration calculations for butane and octane were conducted at several state points. A relatively new method of performing the alkane insertion was used and it was found to perform quite well. Our preliminary simulation results are in good agreement with the recent equation of state (EOS) predictions of Yezdimer et al. [Chem. Geol. 164 (2000) 259] and suggest that at near-critical conditions the isobaric solubility curves for a series of alkane chain molecules may unexpectedly reverse. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All lights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Yezdimer, EM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM eric@flory.engr.utk.edu RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 183 SI SI BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00440-X PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 461WB UT WOS:000170385600026 ER PT J AU Predota, M Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT AF Predota, M Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT TI On the determination of the vapor-liquid envelope for polarizable models by Monte Carlo simulation SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comm Thermophys Properties Heat Transfer Div, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab HO UNIV COLORADO DE Monte Carlo simulation; vapor-liquid equilibria; polarizable model; Gibbs ensemble ID FORCE-FIELDS; SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GIBBS ENSEMBLE; WATER MODELS; AMBIENT AB We present Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) simulations of SCPDP polarizable model for water. Our results seem to be more consistent and accurate than the literature data. Our simulations suggest that GEMC of polarizable models with exact treatment of the polarizable interactions is feasible, though its efficiency is rather low. The application of a newly proposed approximate method to treat the polarizable interactions in Monte Carlo is expected to remedy this deficiency. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn Chem & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Predota, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Predota, Milan/A-2256-2009; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; OI Predota, Milan/0000-0003-3902-0992; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 183 SI SI BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00441-1 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 461WB UT WOS:000170385600027 ER PT J AU Striolo, A Bratko, D Prausnitz, JM Elvassore, N Bertucco, A AF Striolo, A Bratko, D Prausnitz, JM Elvassore, N Bertucco, A TI Influence of polymer structure upon active-ingredient loading: a Monte Carlo simulation study for design of drug-delivery devices SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comm Thermophys Properties Heat Transfer Div, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab HO UNIV COLORADO DE drug delivery; Monte Carlo molecular simulation; ensemble-growth ID MICROENCAPSULATION; MICROSPHERES; RELEASE; MICROPARTICLES; MACROMOLECULES; PRECIPITATION; DEGRADATION; COPOLYMERS; EQUATION; ANTIGEN AB Drug-loaded polymers and polymeric microparticles provide an attractive form for controlled drug-delivery systems. Design of new systems requires knowledge of polymer-drug interactions. The effect of polymer architecture and chemistry upon active-ingredient loading is investigated by Monte Carlo simulation. The ensemble-growth method is used to sample conformations of a model polymer comprising polar and nonpolar segments. The polymer is a block copolymer, linear or branched. In our calculations, the polar portion of the polymer contains 21 segments. The polymers are dissolved in either of two types of solvent models, In the first, nonpolar solvent, the polar segments tend to collapse, but the bulky nonpolar groups, easily soluble in the medium, create some cavities in the polymer. These cavities are suitable hosts for the slightly polar active ingredient. In the second solvent, polar, the nonpolar segments contribute to attract the active ingredient within the polymer segments, therefore lowering the burst-release rate. The relative uptake of the active ingredient, proportional to the probability of finding an active ingredient within the radius of gyration of the polymer, is computed as a function of the number of nonpolar segments in the polymer. Simulation results are reported for active ingredients of two different sizes. For given size of the polar portion, short nonpolar tails increase the active-ingredient relative uptake in both solvents considered. Linear block copolymers look promising for obtaining higher entrapment efficiency for the active ingredient and for controlled release. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Padua, Ist Impianti Chim, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Striolo, Alberto/G-2926-2011 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 183 SI SI BP 341 EP 350 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00446-0 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 461WB UT WOS:000170385600032 ER PT J AU McCabe, C Cui, ST Cummings, PT AF McCabe, C Cui, ST Cummings, PT TI Characterizing the viscosity-temperature dependence of lubricants by molecular simulation SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comm Thermophys Properties Heat Transfer Div, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab HO UNIV COLORADO DE molecular dynamics; simulation; alkanes; viscosity number ID N-ALKANES; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; BRANCHED ALKANES; DYNAMICS; DECANE; HEXADECANE; EICOSANE AB An understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and lubricant performance is highly desirable from both a fundamental and a practical perspective, such knowledge being vital to improve the performance of mineral oils and to guide the design of future synthetic lubricants. The rheological properties of alkanes of intermediate molecular size (C-20-C-40) are of particular interest as they form the main constituents of lubricant basestocks. In this work, we determine the viscosity number (VN) for a number of alkanes in the mass range of interest by molecular simulation, Quantitative agreement with experimental data for all systems studied is achieved, further illustrating the value of molecular simulation in predicting lubricant properties and its potential for providing guidance in the design of synthetic lubricants with desired properties. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP McCabe, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 183 SI SI BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00448-4 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 461WB UT WOS:000170385600034 ER PT J AU Cui, ST Cummings, PT Cochran, HD AF Cui, ST Cummings, PT Cochran, HD TI Structural transition and solid-like behavior of alkane films confined in nano-spacing SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comm Thermophys Properties Heat Transfer Div, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab HO UNIV COLORADO DE confined fluid; dodecane; mica; solid-like structure; orientational order ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SIMPLE LIQUIDS; FLUIDS; SHEAR AB By carrying out accurate molecular simulation of dodecane fluid confined between mica surfaces using molecular models appropriately describing wall-fluid interaction, we show that the state condition of the confined fluid is strongly influenced by the wall-fluid interaction. At ambient condition, for strongly attractive surfaces, the effective density is significantly higher than the bulk density and increases with the narrowing of the confinement spacing. This increase results in the density crossing over into a density region higher than bulk freezing density when the confined film becomes narrower than about six molecular layers, driving the transition to solid-like structure. At six molecular layers, the confined film forms distinct layers as well as in-plane orientational order and inter-plane packing, correlation. The results suggest that the strong interfacial interaction is the driving force for the dramatic effects observed in experiment. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cui, ST (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 183 SI SI BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00450-2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 461WB UT WOS:000170385600036 ER PT J AU Muller, P Bushaw, BA Blaum, K Diel, S Geppert, C Nahler, A Trautmann, N Nortershauser, W Wendt, K AF Muller, P Bushaw, BA Blaum, K Diel, S Geppert, C Nahler, A Trautmann, N Nortershauser, W Wendt, K TI Ca-41 ultratrace determination with isotopic selectivity > 10(12) by diode-laser-based RIMS SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; FUTURE; SHIFTS AB Ca-41 ultratrace determination by diode-laser-based resonance ionization mass spectrometry with extremely high isotopic selectivity is presented. Application to environmental dosimetry of nuclear reactor components, to cosmochemical investigations of production cross sections, and biomedical isotope-tracer studies of human calcium kinetics are discussed. Future investigations are possible use in Ca-41-radiodating. Depending on the application, Ca-41 isotopic abundances in the range of 10(-9) to 10(-15) relative to the dominant stable isotope Ca-40 must be determined. Either double- or triple-resonance optical excitation with narrow-band extended cavity diode lasers and subsequent non-resonant photoionization of calcium in a collimated atomic beam were used. The resulting photoions are detected with a quadrupole mass spectrometer optimized for background reduction and neighboring mass suppression. Applying the full triple-resonance scheme provides a selectivity of similar to 5 x 10(12) in the suppression of neighboring isotopes and > 10(8) for isobars, together with an overall detection efficiency of similar to 5 x 10(-5). Measurements on a variety of sample types are discussed; the accuracy and reproducibility of the resulting Ca-41/Ca-40 isotope ratios was better than 5%. C1 Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wendt, K (reprint author), Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011; Wendt, Klaus/D-7306-2011; Nortershauser, Wilfried/A-6671-2013 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191; Wendt, Klaus/0000-0002-9033-9336; Nortershauser, Wilfried/0000-0001-7432-3687 NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 370 IS 5 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.1007/s002160100815 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 457AP UT WOS:000170115200010 PM 11496979 ER PT J AU Williams, MC AF Williams, Mark C. TI Status and Promise of Fuel Cell Technology SO FUEL CELLS LA English DT Review AB The niche or early entry market penetration by ONSI and its phosphoric acid fuel cell technology has proven that fuel cells are reliable and suitable for premium power and other opportunity fuel niche market applications. Now, new fuel cell technologies - solid oxide fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells - are being developed for near-term distributed generation shortly after 2003. Some of the evolving fuel cell systems are incorporating gas turbines in hybrid configurations. The combination of the gas turbine with the fuel cell promises to lower system costs and increase efficiency to enhance market penetration. Market estimates indicate that significant early entry markets exist to sustain the initially high cost of some distributed generation technologies. However, distributed generation technologies must have low introductory first cost, low installation cost, and high system reliability to be viable options in competitive commercial and industrial markets. In the long-term, solid state fuel cell technology with stack costs under $100/kilowatt (kW) promises deeper and wider market penetration in a range of applications including a residential, auxillary power, and the mature distributed generation markets. The Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) with its vision for fuel cells in 2010 was recently formed to commercialize solid state fuel cells and realize the full potential of the fuel cell technology. Ultimately, the SECA concept could lead to megawatt-size fuel-cell systems for commercial and industrial applications and Vision 21 fuel cell turbine hybrid energy plants in 2015. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Williams, Mark C.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Williams, MC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM mark.williams@netl.doe.gov NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1615-6846 J9 FUEL CELLS JI Fuel Cells PD JUL PY 2001 VL 1 IS 2 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1002/1615-6854(200107)1:2<87::AID-FUCE87>3.0.CO;2-R PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA V20AQ UT WOS:000208113300001 ER PT J AU Markovic, NM Schmidt, TJ Stamenkovic, V Ross, PN AF Markovic, N. M. Schmidt, T. J. Stamenkovic, V. Ross, P. N. TI Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt and Pt Bimetallic Surfaces: A Selective Review SO FUEL CELLS LA English DT Review ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; HYDROGEN OXIDATION REACTIONS; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; ACID-SOLUTIONS; FUEL-CELLS; PLATINUM; PT(111); ELECTROCATALYSIS; ADSORPTION; ALLOYS AB In this review we selectively summarize recent progress, primarily from our laboratory, in the development of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysis on well-defined surfaces. The focus is on two type of metallic surfaces: platinum single crystals and bimetallic surfaces based on platinum. The single crystal results provide insight into the effects of the platinum structure on the kinetics of the ORR, and create a fundamental link between the specific activity of Pt (rate per unit area) and particle size (for various particle shapes). The results show that the structure sensitive kinetics of the ORR arise primarily due to structure sensitive adsorption of anions. In the absence of specific adsorption, such as in Nafion polymer electrolyte, no particle size effect is expected. The knowledge of the electrocatalysis of the ORR on model bimetallic surfaces on Pt-Ni and Pt-Co bulk alloys was used to resolve the enhanced ORR kinetics on supported Pt-Ni and Pt-Co catalysts. Finally, we show that the ORR on platinum modified with pseudomorphic Pd metal film in alkaline solution is the best catalysts ever used in O(2) reduction. For both bimetallic systems, we demonstrated that the ability to make a controlled and well characterized arrangement of two elements in the electrode surface region presage a new era of advances in the ORR electrocatalysis. C1 [Markovic, N. M.; Schmidt, T. J.; Stamenkovic, V.; Ross, P. N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nmmarkovic@lbl.gov RI Schmidt, Thomas/A-2586-2010; Thandavarayan, Maiyalagan/C-5716-2011 OI Schmidt, Thomas/0000-0002-1636-367X; Thandavarayan, Maiyalagan/0000-0003-3528-3824 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Transportation Technologies, Fuel Cell Systems [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, and the Office of Advanced Transportation Technologies, Fuel Cell Systems, under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 55 TC 558 Z9 564 U1 107 U2 833 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1615-6846 J9 FUEL CELLS JI Fuel Cells PD JUL PY 2001 VL 1 IS 2 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1002/1615-6854(200107)1:2<105::AID-FUCE105>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA V20AQ UT WOS:000208113300004 ER PT J AU Tsuji, H Egorov, S Minervini, J Martovetsky, M Okuno, K Takahashi, Y Thome, RJ AF Tsuji, H Egorov, S Minervini, J Martovetsky, M Okuno, K Takahashi, Y Thome, RJ TI ITER R&D: Magnets: Central solenoid model coil SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID OUTER MODULE; FABRICATION; COMPLETION C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Superconducting Magnet Lab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Sci Tech Ctr SINTEZ, Inst Electrophys Apparatus, DV Efremov Sci Res, St Petersburg 196641, Russia. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. ITER Naka Joint Work Site, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Takahashi, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Superconducting Magnet Lab, 801-1 Mukouyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. NR 17 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00204-6 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 456FL UT WOS:000170072400008 ER PT J AU Danner, W Cardella, A Ioki, K Mattas, R Ohara, Y Strebkov, Y AF Danner, W Cardella, A Ioki, K Mattas, R Ohara, Y Strebkov, Y TI ITER R&D: Vacuum vessel and in-vessel components: Shield blanket module SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID BERYLLIUM C1 Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, ITER Garching Joint Work Site, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Program, Tecnol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Fus Engn Res, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. RDIPE ENTEK, Res & Dev Inst Power Engn, Moscow 107140, Russia. RP Danner, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, EFDA, Boltzmanstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00210-1 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 456FL UT WOS:000170072400012 ER PT J AU Tivey, R Akiba, M Driemeyer, D Mazul, I Merola, M Ulrickson, M AF Tivey, R Akiba, M Driemeyer, D Mazul, I Merola, M Ulrickson, M TI ITER R&D: Vacuum vessel and in-vessel components: Divertor cassette SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, ITER Garching Joint Work Site, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Boeing Corp, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. Efremov Inst, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EFDA, Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tivey, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, ITER Garching Joint Work Site, Boltzmanstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM tiveyr@itereu.de NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00212-5 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 456FL UT WOS:000170072400013 ER PT J AU Kalinin, G Barabash, V Fabritsiev, S Kawamura, H Mazul, I Ulrickson, M Wu, C Zinkle, S AF Kalinin, G Barabash, V Fabritsiev, S Kawamura, H Mazul, I Ulrickson, M Wu, C Zinkle, S TI ITER R&D: Vacuum vessel and in-vessel components: Materials development and test SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BERYLLIUM C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, ITER Garching Joint Work Site, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Efremov Inst, NIIEFA, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. JAERI, IMTR Project, Oarai, Ibaraki 31113, Japan. Efremov Inst, St Petersburg 196641, Russia. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Close Support Unit, EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kalinin, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, ITER Garching Joint Work Site, Boltzmanstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM kalinig@itereu.de OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 65 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 231 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00213-7 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 456FL UT WOS:000170072400014 ER PT J AU Bosia, G Kock, R Swain, DW AF Bosia, G Kock, R Swain, DW TI ITER R&D: Auxiliary systems: Ion cyclotron heating and current drive system SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article C1 CE Cadarache, GSAC, SCCP, DRFC, F-13108 St Paul Durance, France. Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, IPP T, Inst Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bosia, G (reprint author), CE Cadarache, GSAC, SCCP, DRFC, F-13108 St Paul Durance, France. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00205-8 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 456FL UT WOS:000170072400019 ER PT J AU Ladd, P Gouge, MJ Murdoch, D Saksaganskiy, GL AF Ladd, P Gouge, MJ Murdoch, D Saksaganskiy, GL TI ITER R&D: Auxiliary systems: Fuelling and vacuum pumping system SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID PELLET C1 Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, ITER Garching Joint Work Site, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, CSU, EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. DV Efremov Sci Res Inst Electrophys Apparatus, St Petersburg 196641, Russia. RP Ladd, P (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, ITER Garching Joint Work Site, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00197-1 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 456FL UT WOS:000170072400022 ER PT J AU Yoshida, H Murdoch, D Nishi, M Tebus, V Willms, S AF Yoshida, H Murdoch, D Nishi, M Tebus, V Willms, S TI ITER R&D: Auxiliary systems: Tritium systems SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article C1 ITER Naka Joint Work Site, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, CSU, EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tritium Engn Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. AA Bochvar Inorgan Mat Res Inst, Moscow 123606, Russia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yoshida, H (reprint author), ITER Naka Joint Work Site, 8011 Mukouyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00198-3 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 456FL UT WOS:000170072400023 ER PT J AU Costley, AE Campbell, DJ Kasai, S Young, KE Zaveriaev, V AF Costley, AE Campbell, DJ Kasai, S Young, KE Zaveriaev, V TI ITER R&D: Auxiliary systems: Plasma diagnostics SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND RADIATION DETECTOR; COLLECTIVE THOMSON SCATTERING; THERMONUCLEAR EXPERIMENTAL REACTOR; OPTICAL-FIBERS; PULSED CO2-LASER; NUCLEAR-REACTOR; FISSION REACTOR; IRRADIATION; CRYSTAL; WINDOWS C1 ITER Naka Joint Work Site, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EDFA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Fus Engn Res, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Costley, AE (reprint author), ITER Naka Joint Work Site, 801-1 Mukouyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM costlea@itergps.naka.jaeri.go.jp NR 80 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 331 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00200-9 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 456FL UT WOS:000170072400025 ER PT J AU Gordon, C Gulden, W Kolbasov, B Petti, D Takase, K AF Gordon, C Gulden, W Kolbasov, B Petti, D Takase, K TI ITER R&D: Auxiliary systems: Safety related R&D SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK VACUUM VESSEL; FUSION-REACTOR; PARTICLE-SIZE; DUST; BERYLLIUM; TRITIUM; EVENTS; CODE; MOBILIZATION; INGRESS C1 Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, ITER Garching Joint Work Site, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Kuchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Nucl Fus Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Thermal & Fluid Engn Grp, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Gordon, C (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, ITER Garching Joint Work Site, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00201-0 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 456FL UT WOS:000170072400026 ER PT J AU Sheffield, J Brown, W Garrett, G Hilley, J McCloud, D Ogden, J Shields, T Wagner, L AF Sheffield, J Brown, W Garrett, G Hilley, J McCloud, D Ogden, J Shields, T Wagner, L TI A study of options for the deployment of large fusion power plants SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; fusion; energy ID REACTOR AB One option for making fusion power plants that could be competitive with other power plants operating during the 21st century is to make them large, e.g., 3 GW(electric) or more, to take advantage of the expected economies of scale. This study examines the effects on electrical utility system hardware, operations, and reliability of incorporating such large generating units. In addition, the study evaluates the use of the coproduction of hydrogen to reduce the grid-supplied electricity and offer the possibility for electrical load-following. The estimated additional cost of electricity (COE)for a large powerplant is similar to5 mills/kW .h. The estimated total COE for 3- to 4-GW(electric) fusion power plants lies in the range of 37 to 60 mills/kW .h. Future hydrogen costs from a variety of sources are estimated to lie in the range of 8 to 10 $/GJ, when allowance is made for some increase in natural gas price and for the possible need for greenhouse gas emission limitations. A number of combinations effusion plant and electrolyzer were considered, including hot electrolyzers that use heat from the fusion plant. For the optimum cases, hydrogen produced from off-peak power from a 3- to 4-GW(electric) plant is estimated to have a competitive cost. Of particular interest, the cost would also be competitive if some hydrogen were produced during on-peak electricity cost periods. Thus, for a 4-GW(electric) plant, only up to 3 GW(electric) might be supplied to the grid, and load-following would be possible, which would be a benefit to the utility system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Inst Energy & Environm, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Duke Engn & Serv, Charlotte, NC 28201 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. Princeton Univ, Ctr Energy & Environm Studies, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Sheffield, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB Y, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 36 PG 36 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 453DM UT WOS:000169901300002 ER PT J AU Jassby, DL Schmidt, JA AF Jassby, DL Schmidt, JA TI Electrical energy requirements for accelerator and fusion neutrons SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutrons; fusion; accelerator transmutation of waste AB The electrical energy requirements and costs of accelerator transmutation of waste (ATW) and fusion plants designed to transmute nuclides of fission wastes are compared. Both systems use the same blanket concept, but tritium breeding is taken into account for the fusion system. The ATW and fusion plants are found to have the same electrical energy requirement per available blanket neutron when the blanket coverage is comparable and the fusion energy gain is near breakeven (Q approximate to 1), but the fusion plant has only a fraction of the energy requirement when Q much greater than 1. If the blanket thermal energy is converted to electricity, the fusion plant and ATW have comparable net electricity energy outputs per available neutron when Q greater than or equal to 1.5 and the blanket neutron multiplication is large. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Jassby, DL (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 52 EP 55 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 453DM UT WOS:000169901300004 ER PT J AU Yaghoubi, SS Wu, L Liang, Q Toyokuni, T Barrio, JR Namavari, M Satyamurthy, N Phelps, ME Herschman, HR Gambhir, SS AF Yaghoubi, SS Wu, L Liang, Q Toyokuni, T Barrio, JR Namavari, M Satyamurthy, N Phelps, ME Herschman, HR Gambhir, SS TI Direct correlation between positron emission tomographic images of two reporter genes delivered by two distinct adenoviral vectors SO GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article DE therapeutic transgene; positron emission tomography reporter genes; herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase; dopamine 2 receptor; adenoviral vectors ID VIRUS THYMIDINE KINASE; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; LUNG-CANCER CELLS; LIVING ANIMALS; IN-VIVO; RETROVIRAL VECTOR; MEDIATED TRANSFER; EXPRESSION; THERAPY; MICE AB Biodistribution, magnitude and duration of a therapeutic transgene's expression may be assessed by linking it to the expression of a positron emission tomography (PET) reporter gene (PRG) and then imaging the PRG's expression by a PET reporter probe (PRP) in living animals. We validate the simple approach of co-administering two distinct but otherwise identical adenoviruses, one expressing a therapeutic transgene and the other expressing the PPG, to track the therapeutic gene's expression. Two PET reporter genes, a mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-sr39tk) and dopamine-2 receptor (D2R), each regulated by the same cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, have been inserted into separate adenoviral vectors (Ad). We demonstrate that cells co-infected with equivalent titers of Ad-CMV-HSV1-sr39tk and Ad-CMV-D2R express both reporter genes with good correlation (r(2) = 0.93). Similarly, a high correlation (r(2) = 0.97) was observed between the expression of both PRGs in the livers of mice co-infected via tail-vein injection with equivalent titers of these two adeno viruses. Finally, microPET imaging of HSV1-sr39tk and D2R expression with 9-(4-[F-18]fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl) guanine ([F-18]FHBG) and 3-(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)spiperone ([F-18]FESP), utilizing several adenovirus-mediated delivery routes, illustrates the feasibility of evaluating relative levels of transgene expression in living animals, using this approach. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Div Nucl Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Crump Inst Biol Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Gambhir, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Div Nucl Med, 700 Westwood Plaza,B3-399A BRI, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA82214-01] NR 42 TC 84 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0969-7128 J9 GENE THER JI Gene Ther. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 8 IS 14 BP 1072 EP 1080 DI 10.1038/sj.gt.3301490 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 460CT UT WOS:000170288800004 PM 11526454 ER PT J AU Elkin, CJ Richardson, PM Fourcade, HM Hammon, NM Pollard, MJ Predki, PF Glavina, T Hawkins, TL AF Elkin, CJ Richardson, PM Fourcade, HM Hammon, NM Pollard, MJ Predki, PF Glavina, T Hawkins, TL TI High-throughput plasmid purification for capillary sequencing SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE; DNA AB The need for expeditious and inexpensive methods for high-throughput DNA sequencing has been highlighted by the accelerated pace of genome DNA sequencing over the past year. At the joint Genome Institute, the throughput in terms of high-quality bases per day has increased over 20-fold during the past 18 mo, reaching an average of 18.3 million Phred 20 bases per day. To support this unprecedented scaleup, we developed an inexpensive automated method for the isolation and purification of double-stranded plasmid DNA clones for sequencing that is tailored to meet the more stringent needs of the newer capillary electrophoresis DNA sequencing machines. The protocol is based on the magnetic bead method of solid phase reversible immobilization that has been automated by using a CRS-based robotic system. The method described here has enabled us to meet our increases in production while reducing labor and materials costs significantly. C1 Dept Energy, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Hawkins, TL (reprint author), Dept Energy, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 14 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1269 EP 1274 DI 10.1101/gr.167801 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 448VF UT WOS:000169650100017 PM 11435410 ER PT J AU Palmer, DA Benezeth, P Wesolowski, DJ AF Palmer, DA Benezeth, P Wesolowski, DJ TI Aqueous high-temperature solubility studies. I. The solubility of boehmite as functions of ionic strength (to 5 molal, NaCl), temperature (100-290 degrees C), and pH as determined by in situ measurements SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; ALUMINUM SPECIATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; HYDROLYSIS; EQUILIBRIA; GIBBSITE; WATER; ELECTROLYTES; FLUIDS AB The solubility of boehmite, gamma -AlOOH, was measured in a modified hydrogen-electrode concentration cell, which provided continuous in situ measurements of hydrogen ion molality over the range of ionic strengths from 0.1 to 5.0 mol (.) kg(-1) (NaCl) at temperatures from 100 to 290 degreesC. A series of conventional solubility measurements was also carried out in acidic solutions over the same temperature range (i.e., pH was not monitored, but rather calculated from mass balance). The combined results yielded the molal solubility quotients, Q(s0) and Q(s4) for the equilibria: AlOOH(cr) + 3H(+) reversible arrow Al3+ + 2H(2)O Q(s0) = [Al3+]/[H+](3) AlOOH(cr) + 2H(2)O reversible arrow Al(OH)(4)(-) + H+ Q(s4) = [Al(OH)(4)(-)][H+] In the repression of each isothermal data set, the values for the first hydrolysis quotient, Al3+ + H2O reversible arrow Al(OH)(2+) + H+ Q(1.1) = [Al(OH)(2+)][H+]/[Al3+] were fixed according to a previous potentiometric study (Palmer and Wesolowski, 1993). Moreover, for one series of titrations at 0.1 mol (.) kg(-1) ionic strength at 150 degreesC, the remaining two solubility quotients, Q(s2) and Q(s3), were determined simultaneously from the regression. However, at all other conditions, the values of Q(s2) and Q(s3) were also fixed at values consistent with the corresponding 0.03 mol kg-l ionic strength results (Benezeth et al., 2001) by invoking the isocoulombic assumption (i.e., an assumption of minimal ionic strength dependence for reactions with no net change in charge). The stability field with respect to pH of the Al(OH)(2)(+) and Al(OH)(3)(0) aqueous species were found to be very narrow, and hence assumptions concerning their stabilities had little effect on the predicted shape of the solubility profiles at high ionic strength. Global fits were made of the log Q(s0) and log Q(s4) values as functions of temperature and ionic strength after combining with corresponding values from an analogous study at 0.03 mol (.) kg(-1) ionic strength (Benezeth et al., 2001), as well as appropriate constants taken from the literature. The fits were further constrained by inclusion of gibbsite solubility data (< 100 degreesC) in NaCl media (Wesolowski, 1992; Palmer and Wesolowski, 1992) after adjustment for the relative free energies of formation of gibbsite and boehmite. This treatment ensured that a continuous empirical model exists for Al3+ and Al(OH)(4)(-) from ambient conditions to 300 degreesC and infinite dilution to five mol (.) kg(-1) ionic strength. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Palmer, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI BENEZETH, Pascale/H-7969-2014 OI BENEZETH, Pascale/0000-0002-1841-2383 NR 28 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2001 VL 65 IS 13 BP 2081 EP 2095 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00584-1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 453JA UT WOS:000169911700006 ER PT J AU Benezeth, P Palmer, DA Wesolowski, DJ AF Benezeth, P Palmer, DA Wesolowski, DJ TI Aqueous high-temperature solubility studies. II. The solubility of boehmite at 0.03 m ionic strength as a function of temperature and pH as determined by in situ measurements SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; MOLAR HEAT-CAPACITIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ALUMINUM SPECIATION; GIBBSITE SOLUBILITY; EQUILIBRIA; 10-DEGREES-C; 55-DEGREES-C; CONSTANTS; COMPLEXES AB The solubility of pure synthetic boehmite (gamma -AlOOH) has been measured over a wide range of pH (2-10, depending on temperature), and temperature (100-290 degreesC) at 0.03 mol (.) kg(-1) ionic strength (NaCl) in a hydrogen-electrode concentration cell (HECC), which provided continuous in situ measurement of hydrogen ion molality (Palmer et al. 2001). A least-squares regression of the results obtained was used to determine the molal solubility quotients (Q(s0) to Q(s4)) of boehmite. The solubility products (Q(sn)) were extrapolated to infinite dilution (K-sn), permitting calculation of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous species of aluminum for comparison with previous works, such as Bourcier et al. (1993) and Castet er al. (1993). These results are generally consistent with the latter study conducted near infinite dilution, although some significant differences are apparent, particularly near the solubility minimum. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Benezeth, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI BENEZETH, Pascale/H-7969-2014 OI BENEZETH, Pascale/0000-0002-1841-2383 NR 41 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2001 VL 65 IS 13 BP 2097 EP 2111 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00585-3 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 453JA UT WOS:000169911700007 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Horita, J Cole, DR Zhou, JZ Lovley, DR Phelps, TJ AF Zhang, CL Horita, J Cole, DR Zhou, JZ Lovley, DR Phelps, TJ TI Temperature-dependent oxygen and carbon isotope fractionations of biogenic siderite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID BANDED IRON-FORMATION; DIAGENETIC SIDERITE; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; DEEP SUBSURFACE; WATER; CONCRETIONS; MAGNETITE; EQUILIBRIUM; BACTERIA; MINERALIZATION AB Isotopic compositions of biogenic iron minerals may be used to infer environmental conditions under which bacterial iron reduction occurs. The major goal of this study is to examine temperature-dependent isotope fractionations associated with biogenic siderite (FeCO3). Experiments were performed by using both mesophilic (< 35 degreesC) and thermophilic (> 45 degreesC) iron-reducing bacteria. In addition, control experiments were performed to examine fractionations under nonbiologic conditions. Temperature-dependent oxygen isotope fractionation occurred between biogenic siderite and water from which the mineral was precipitated. Samples in thermophilic cultures (45-75 degreesC) gave the best linear correlation, which can be described as 10(3) ln alpha (sid-wt) = 2.56 X 10(6) T-2 (K) + 1.69. This empirical equation agrees with that derived from inorganically precipitated siderite by Carothers et al. (1988) and may be used to approximate equilibrium fractionation. Carbon isotope fractionation between biogenic siderite and CO2, based on limited data, also varied with temperature and was consistent with the inorganically precipitated siderite of Carothers et al. (1988). These results indicate that temperature is a controlling factor for isotopic variations in biogenic minerals examined in this study. The temperature-dependent fractionations under laboratory conditions, however, could be complicated by other factors including incubation time and concentration of bicarbonate. Early precipitated siderite at 120-mM initial bicarbonate tended to be enriched in O-18. Siderite formed at < 30 mM of bicarbonate tended to be depleted in O-18. Other variables, such as isotopic compositions of water, types of bacterial species, or bacterial growth rates, had little effect on the fractionation. In addition, siderite formed in abiotic controls had similar oxygen isotopic compositions as those of biogenic siderite at the same temperature, suggesting that microbial fractionations cannot be distinguished from abiotic fractionations under conditions examined here. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011 NR 47 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2001 VL 65 IS 14 BP 2257 EP 2271 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00596-8 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 451ZM UT WOS:000169832700005 ER PT J AU Timofeeff, MN Lowenstein, TK Brennan, ST Demicco, RV Zimmermann, H Horita, J von Borstel, LE AF Timofeeff, MN Lowenstein, TK Brennan, ST Demicco, RV Zimmermann, H Horita, J von Borstel, LE TI Evaluating seawater chemistry from fluid inclusions in halite: Examples from modern marine and nonmarine environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; POTASH EVAPORITES; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; SECULAR VARIATION; BRINE INCLUSIONS; QAIDAM BASIN; ICP-MS; ORIGIN; EVAPORATION; EVOLUTION AB Fluid inclusions from marine halites have long been studied to determine the chemical composition of ancient seawater. Chemical analyses of the major ions in fluid inclusions in halites from the solar saltwork of Great Inagua Island, Bahamas, and from the supratidal sabkha, Baja California, Mexico, show that modern marine halites faithfully record the chemical signature of seawater. The major ions in Great Inagua and Baja California fluid inclusions display distinctive linear trends when plotted against one another (ie., Na+, K+, and SO42- vs. Mg2+ and Cl-), which track the evaporation path of seawater as it evolved during the crystallization of halite. These evaporation paths defined for the major ions by fluid inclusions in halite overlap findings of computer simulations of the evaporation of modern seawater by the Harvie, Moller, and Weare (HMW) computer program. The close match between the HMW seawater evaporation paths and the Great Inagua fluid inclusion data is not surprising considering the carefully controlled inflow, evaporation, and discharge of seawater at the Great Inagua saltwork. The major ion chemistry of fluid inclusions from the Baja California halites matches the HMW seawater evaporation paths int most respects, but one Baja fluid inclusion has lower concentrations of Mg2+ than evaporated seawater. Nonmarine inflows and syndepositional recycling of preexisting salts in the Baja California supratidal setting were not large enough to override the chemical signature of evaporating seawater as the primary control on the Baja fluid inclusion compositions. Fluid inclusions in halites from the nonmarine Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province, western China, have a distinctly different major ion chemical signature than does "global" seawater. The fluid inclusion chemistries from the Qaidam Basin halites do not lie on the evaporation pathways defined by modern seawater and can clearly be differentiated from fluid inclusions containing evaporated seawater. If fluid inclusions in halites from modern natural settings contain unmistakable samples of evaporated seawater, then evaluation of the chemistry of ancient seawater by chemical analysis of fluid inclusions in ancient marine halites by means of the same approach should be valid. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Gottingen, IGDL, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Lowenstein, TK (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2001 VL 65 IS 14 BP 2293 EP 2300 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00591-9 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 451ZM UT WOS:000169832700007 ER PT J AU Kohn, MJ Catlos, EJ Ryerson, FJ Harrison, TM AF Kohn, MJ Catlos, EJ Ryerson, FJ Harrison, TM TI Pressure-temperature-time path discontinuity in the Main Central thrust zone, central Nepal SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Himalaya; P-T-t paths; geothermometry; geobarometry; geochronology ID INVERTED METAMORPHISM; COLLISIONAL OROGENS; CENTRAL HIMALAYA; LANGTANG VALLEY; EVOLUTION; GARNET; HEAT; CALIBRATION; ANNAPURNA; ANATEXIS AB Metapelites collected in central Nepal reveal a discontinuity in metamorphic pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) paths near the base of the Main Central thrust zone, despite an absence of obvious structural breaks. Garnets in the structurally lowest rocks grew with increasing T and P (loading), whereas garnets 1-3 km upsection grew with increasing T, but decreasing P (exhumation), Monazite grains in structurally lower rocks yield ion-microprobe Th-Pb ages of 8-9 Ma, Structurally higher monazite grains range from 10 to 22 Ma, The P-T-t paths confirm previous interpretations that footwall metamorphism in part resulted from thrust reactivation ca, 8 Ma, but also reflect thermal relaxation following older (20 Ma or older) thrust movement. The Main Central thrust zone formed during pulses of movement that resulted in progressive transfer of material from the lower to upper plate. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kohn, MJ (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RI Catlos, Elizabeth/B-7943-2011; Harrison, Timothy/E-7443-2012; Kohn, Matthew/A-2562-2012; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011 NR 38 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2001 VL 29 IS 7 BP 571 EP 574 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0571:PTTPDI>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 449EL UT WOS:000169671300001 ER PT J AU Kirchner, JW Finkel, RC Riebe, CS Granger, DE Clayton, JL King, JG Megahan, WF AF Kirchner, JW Finkel, RC Riebe, CS Granger, DE Clayton, JL King, JG Megahan, WF TI Mountain erosion over 10 yr, 10 k.y., and 10 m.y. time scales SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE erosion rates; sediment yield; Idaho batholith; variability; time scales ID SITU-PRODUCED BE-10; POSTGLACIAL VEGETATION; DENUDATION RATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT; CLIMATIC CONTROL; IDAHO BATHOLITH; PUERTO-RICO; HISTORY; EQUILIBRIUM AB We used cosmogenic (10)Be to measure erosion rates over 10 k.y. time scales at 32 Idaho mountain catchments, ranging from small experimental watersheds (0.2 km(2)) to large river basins (35 000 km(2)), These long-term sediment yields are, on average, 17 times higher than stream sediment fluxes measured over 10-84 yr, but are consistent with 10 m.y. erosion rates measured by apatite fission tracks. Our results imply that conventional sediment-yield measurements - even those made over decades - can greatly underestimate long-term average rates of sediment delivery and thus overestimate the life spans of engineered reservoirs. Our observations also suggest that sediment delivery from mountainous terrain is extremely episodic, sporadically subjecting mountain stream ecosystems to extensive disturbance. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Rocky Mt Expt Stn, Boise, ID USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Kirchner, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kirchner@seismo.berkeley.edu RI Kirchner, James/B-6126-2009; Riebe, Clifford/B-7670-2012 OI Kirchner, James/0000-0001-6577-3619; NR 36 TC 267 Z9 272 U1 10 U2 65 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-8505 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2001 VL 29 IS 7 BP 591 EP 594 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0591:MEOYKY>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 449EL UT WOS:000169671300006 ER PT J AU Provencio, PP Polyak, VJ AF Provencio, PP Polyak, VJ TI Iron oxide-rich filaments: Possible fossil bacteria in Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE caves; fossil bacteria; goethite; iron-oxidizing bacteria; Lechuguilla Cave; Leptospirillum; stalactites ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; LEPTOSPIRILLUM-FERROOXIDANS; STROMATOLITES; SULFATE; SULFUR; MICROORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENT; COMMUNITY; OXIDATION AB Reddish filaments in two fragments of unusual iron oxide bearing stalactites, "the Rusticles" from Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, are found only within the central canals of the Rusticles. The curved, helical, and/or vibrioidal filaments vary from 1 to 6 mum in outer diameter and 10 to >50 mum in length. SEM and TEM show the filaments have 0.5-mum diameter central tubes, with goethite crystals radiating outwardly along their lengths. The diameter of the central tubes is consistent with the diameter of many iron-oxidizing filamentous bacteria. Although most iron oxide depositing bacteria do not deposit well-crystallized radiating goethite, we propose thick hydrous iron oxide was slowly crystallized from amorphous material to goethite, in place, over a relatively long period of time. From the gross morphology and the particular setting, we suggest this represents an occurrence of fossilized, acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Provencio, PP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Polyak, Victor/0000-0002-2010-1066 NR 56 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.1080/01490450152467804 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 461FW UT WOS:000170355100006 ER PT J AU Hoversten, GM Newman, GA Morrison, HF Gasperikova, E Berg, JI AF Hoversten, GM Newman, GA Morrison, HF Gasperikova, E Berg, JI TI Reservoir characterization using crosswell electromagnetic inversion: A feasibility study for the Snorre field, North Sea SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOMOGRAPHY AB The spatial resolution of a commercially available crosswell electromagnetic (EM) system is demonstrated using models derived from three time steps from a reservoir simulation of the Snorre field in the North Sea. The numerical simulation of the Snorre field waterflood shows that crosswell EM field measurements provide high sensitivity to changes in the reservoir over time. This sensitivity is achieved by combining the reservoir geometry derived from surface 3-D seismic interpretation, reservoir conductivities at well locations, and constrained EM inversion of the reservoir's electrical conductivity. Inversions of 2-D and 3-D numerical models show that the changes in electrical conductivity attributable to changes in water saturation can be quantitatively mapped as a function of time. The inversions provide smooth estimates of the spatial variation of reservoir electrical conductivity that can discriminate between the level of water saturation at different stages of the waterflood. Inversions performed on 2-D data show that for the Snorre example, 3%-5% Gaussian random noise (depending on the model) can be added without a significant degradation in the inverse models. Two-dimensional inversions of the full 3-D data in the Snorre example can map the vertical average electrical conductivity within the reservoir in the interwell region almost as well as when the model is two dimensional (constant in strike direction). The effect of 3-D structure does not seriously degrade 2-D inversion in the Snorre example-even between wells that lie in a line parallel to structure. A series of 2-D inversions where various constraints and starting models are used demonstrates the importance of incorporating a priori information in the form of starting models and restricting the inversion domain to the reservoir zone. These tests show that totally unconstrained, smooth inversions of the interwell volume provide very limited quantitative information. However, when the reservoir geometry is constrained by seismic data and starting models are provided by linear interpolation of conductivities at well locations, the reservoir's vertical average electrical conductivity can be predicted to within a few percent by 2-D inversion. The Snorre field consists of a full-scale reservoir with interwell spacings that exceed 1 km where previous work has demonstrated the applicability of crosswell EM in shallow reservoirs with well separations on the order of 100 m. The simulations show that, given current transmitter and receiver technology, the magnetic fields could be measured in the Snorre field in steel-eased wells separated from the transmitter by up to 725 m. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Geophys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Saga Petr ASA, N-1301 Sandvika, Norway. RP Hoversten, GM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Gasperikova, Erika/D-1117-2015; Newman, Gregory/G-2813-2015 OI Gasperikova, Erika/0000-0003-1553-4569; NR 24 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 66 IS 4 BP 1177 EP 1189 DI 10.1190/1.1487064 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 463AQ UT WOS:000170455000019 ER PT J AU Johnson, GS Cosgrove, DM Frederick, DB AF Johnson, GS Cosgrove, DM Frederick, DB TI A numerical model and spreadsheet interface for pumping test analysis SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID WATER-TABLE AQUIFER; NONUNIFORM AQUIFERS; FLOW; WELL AB Curve-matching techniques have been the standard method of aquifer test analysis for several decades. A variety of techniques provide the capability of evaluating test data from confined, unconfined, leaky aquitard, and other conditions. Each technique, however, is accompanied by a set of assumptions, and evaluation of a combination of conditions can be complicated or impossible due to intractable mathematics or nonuniqueness of the solution. Numerical modeling of pumping tests provides two major advantages: (1) the user can choose which properties to calibrate and what assumptions to make; and (2) in the calibration process the user is gaining insights into the conceptual model of the flow system and uncertainties in the analysis. Routine numerical modeling of pumping tests is now practical due to computer hardware and software advances of the last decade. The RADFLOW model and spreadsheet interface presented in this paper is an easy-to-use numerical model for estimation of aquifer properties from pumping test data, Layered conceptual models and their properties are evaluated in a trial-and-error estimation procedure. The RADFLOW model can treat most combinations of confined, unconfined, leaky aquitard, partial penetration, and borehole storage conditions. RADFLOW is especially useful in stratified aquifer systems with no identifiable lateral boundaries. It has been verified to several analytical solutions and has been applied in the Snake River Plain Aquifer to develop and test conceptual models and provide estimates of aquifer properties. Because the model assumes axially symmetrical flow, it is limited to representing multiple aquifer layers that are laterally continuous. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. INEEL Oversight Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Johnson, GS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, 1776 Sci Ctr Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 582 EP 592 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02346.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 448NK UT WOS:000169632800014 PM 11447858 ER PT J AU Strom, DJ MacLellan, JA AF Strom, DJ MacLellan, JA TI Evaluation of eight decision rules for low-level radioactivity counting SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE statistics; radioactivity; bioassay; dosimetry; internal AB In low-level radioactivity measurements, it is often important to decide whether a measurement differs from background. A traditional formula for decision level (DL) is given in numerous sources, including the recent ANSI/HPS N13.30-1996, Performance Criteria for Radiobioassay and the Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site investigation Manual (MARSSIM), This formula, which we dub the N13.30 rule, does not adequately account for the discrete nature of the Poisson distribution for paired blank (equal count times for background and sample) measurements, especially at low numbers of counts, We calculate the actual false positive rates that occur using the N13.30 DL formula as a function of a priori false positive rate alpha and background Poisson mean mu = rhot, where rho is the underlying Poisson rate and t is the counting time, False positive rates exceed alpha by significant amounts for alpha less than or equal to 0.2 and mu < 100 counts, peaking at 25% at mu congruent to 0.71, nearly independent of alpha. Monte Carlo simulations verified calculations. Currie's derivation of the N13.30 DL was based on knowing a good estimate of the mean and standard deviation of background, a case that does not hold for paired blanks and low background rates. We propose one new decision rule (simply add I to the number of background counts), and we present six additional decision rules from various sources, We evaluate the actual false positive rate for all eight decision rules as a function of a priori false positive rate and background mean, All of the seven alternative rules perform better than the N13.30 rule. Each has advantages and drawbacks. Given these results, we believe that many regulations, national standards, guidance documents, and texts should be corrected or modified to use a better decision rule. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strom, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM daniel.j.strom@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1097/00004032-200107000-00005 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 451GZ UT WOS:000169794300009 PM 11414621 ER PT J AU Kaurin, DGL Baum, JW Carsten, AL Schaefer, CW Forbes, PD AF Kaurin, DGL Baum, JW Carsten, AL Schaefer, CW Forbes, PD TI Scab diameters on pig skin resulting from hot particle exposures under varying conditions SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hot particles; beta particles; radiation damage; skin dose ID IRRADIATION; DOSIMETRY AB The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) in NCRP Report Number 106 recommended a limit of 10(10) beta particles emitted from radioactive particles with sizes less than 1 mm (hot particles) to prevent acute deep ulceration. This recommendation was determined, in part, by regressing the diameter of the scabs induced by fissioned (UC2)-U-235 hot particles as a function of the logarithm of the number of beta particles emitted from the sources for one study. To validate this recommendation and the approach used by the NCRP, external irradiations of pig skin using radioactive sources of less than 600 mum in the largest dimension were carried out. The hot particles used included fissioned (UC2)-U-235 and activated Tm-170, Yb-175, and Sc-46. Results indicated a strong correlation between scab diameter and dose for scabs induced using fissioned (UC2)-U-235, activated Tm-170, and Sc-46, but not for Yb-175. The correlation value decreased with decreasing beta particle energy, with the exception of Sc-46, which had scabs with diameters greater than twice the maximum beta particle range, The larger scabs from Sc-46 are thought to be due to dose contributions from the gamma rays. The results also give an ulceration threshold less than that given by NCRP to prevent acute deep ulceration. It was concluded that regression analysis of scab diameter as a function of either number of beta particles emitted from the hot particles or dose did not yield either precise or accurate thresholds but was useful in determining probable ranges of doses which lead to scab induction. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Radiol Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Charles River Labs Inc, Argus Div, Horsham, PA 19044 USA. RP Kaurin, DGL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, B902 TVC, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM darryl.kaurin@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1097/00004032-200107000-00006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 451GZ UT WOS:000169794300010 PM 11414623 ER PT J AU Kaurin, DGL Baum, JW Carsten, AL Schaefer, CW AF Kaurin, DGL Baum, JW Carsten, AL Schaefer, CW TI Scab incidence on pig skin resulting from hot particle exposures under varying conditions SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hot particles; beta particles; radiation damage; skin dose AB External irradiations of pig skin using radioactive sources of less than 600 mum in the largest dimension (hot particles) were carried out. The objective of the study was to determine a threshold for scab induction. Hot particles used included fissioned U-235 and activated Tm-170, Yb-175, and Sc-46 with maximum beta-particle energies of similar to1.8 (average), 0.97, 0.47, and 0.35 MeV, respectively. The photon emissions from the fissioned U-235 were about 1 MeV per disintegration. The photon emissions from Sc-46 were 0.89 and 1.12 MeV, with 100% abundance. Photon emissions from Tm-170 and Yb-175 were negligible. Responses followed cumulative normal probability distributions; thus, no true thresholds could be determined. Hence, 10% and 50% scab incidence rates (ED10 and ED50, respectively) were determined using probit analysis. For dose averaged over 1 cm(2) at a depth of 70 mum, the ED10 (and 95% confidence limits) were 5.1 (2.7-7.2) Gy for Sc-46, 1.3 (0.89-1.8) Gy for Yb-175, 2.8 (1.9-3.5) Gy for Tm-170, 8.5 (5.7-9.8) Gy for on-skin fissioned UC2, and 4.5 (0.9-7.2) GS for off-skin fissioned UC2. The ED50 values were 12 (8.8-17) Gy for Sc-46, 6.0 (4.3-9.7) Gy for Yb-175, 5.9 (5.1-6.7) Gy for Tm-170, 11 (9.9-19) Gy for on-skin fissioned (UC2)-U-235, and 11 (6.2-14) Gy for off-skin fissioned (UC2)-U-235. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Radiol Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kaurin, DGL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, B902 TVC, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM darryl.kaurin@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1097/00004032-200107000-00007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 451GZ UT WOS:000169794300011 PM 11414624 ER PT J AU Sahai, V Aceves, SM AF Sahai, V Aceves, SM TI Determination of heat transfer during gear blank quenching SO HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INVERSE AB This article presents experimental and numerical results for the quench of a gear blank in agitated and stagnant oil. The time history of temperature is determined with a whole-domain optimizer technique inverse solution method. This article offers a procedure to calculate the surface heat transfer on the quenched part by utilizing a straightforward minimization of an appropriate nor m. The article presents 10 variations in setting Icp this inverse problem. The results indicate that dividing the boundary of the gear blank into four zones and assigning a fixed heat transfer coefficient or heat flux to each zone yields an average error of 40 K. This error c an be reduced by either increasing the number of zones or by allowing the heat transfer coefficient or heat flux to vary within the zones. Of these possibilities, variation of heat transfer within the,ones results in a greater reduction of the average error for the required level of computational effort. C1 Cheng Fluids Syst, Mt View, CA 94040 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sahai, V (reprint author), Cheng Fluids Syst, 480 San Antonio Rd,Suite 120, Mt View, CA 94040 USA. RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 USA SN 0145-7632 J9 HEAT TRANSFER ENG JI Heat Transf. Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 56 EP 66 DI 10.1080/014576301750215805 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 447BN UT WOS:000169548800006 ER PT J AU Johnson, D AF Johnson, D TI ORNL mouse program provides powerful tools for studying human genes - Connecting sequence and function SO HUMAN GENOME NEWS LA English DT Article C1 ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johnson, D (reprint author), ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN GENOME MANAGE INF SYSTEM PI OAK RIDGE PA OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, 1060 COMMERCE PARK, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA SN 1050-6101 J9 HUM GENOME NEWS JI Hum. Genome News PD JUL PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 467TE UT WOS:000170719200021 ER PT J AU Rubin, E AF Rubin, E TI VISTA software widens comparative view SO HUMAN GENOME NEWS LA English DT Article C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Rubin, E (reprint author), LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN GENOME MANAGE INF SYSTEM PI OAK RIDGE PA OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, 1060 COMMERCE PARK, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA SN 1050-6101 J9 HUM GENOME NEWS JI Hum. Genome News PD JUL PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 467TE UT WOS:000170719200026 ER PT J AU Ahrens, J Brislawn, K Martin, K Geveci, B Law, CC Papka, M AF Ahrens, J Brislawn, K Martin, K Geveci, B Law, CC Papka, M TI Large-scale data visualization using parallel data streaming SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT AB We present an architectural approach based on parallel data streaming to enable visualizations on a parallel cluster. Our approach requires less memory than other visualizations while achieving high code reuse. C1 Kitware, Clifton Pk, NY USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Futures Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kitware, 469 Dlifton Corp Pkwy, Clifton Pk, NY USA. EM ken.martin@kitware.com NR 22 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 EI 1558-1756 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1109/38.933522 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 447CG UT WOS:000169550500007 ER PT J AU Kniss, J McCormick, P McPherson, A Ahrens, J Painter, J Keahey, A Hansen, C AF Kniss, J McCormick, P McPherson, A Ahrens, J Painter, J Keahey, A Hansen, C TI Interactive texture-based volume rendering for large data sets SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB To employ direct volume rendering, TRex uses parallel graphics hardware, software-based compositing, and highperformance I/O to provide near-interactive display rates for time-varying, terabyte-sized data sets. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Comp, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kniss, J (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Comp, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, 50 S Cent Campus Dr,Rm 3490, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 5 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1109/38.933524 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 447CG UT WOS:000169550500009 ER PT J AU Wylie, B Pavlakos, C Lewis, V Moreland, K AF Wylie, B Pavlakos, C Lewis, V Moreland, K TI Scalable rendering on PC clusters SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PARALLEL AB Sandia National Laboratories use PC clusters and commodity graphics cards to achieve higher rendering performance on extreme data sets. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bnwylie@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 EI 1558-1756 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1109/38.933525 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 447CG UT WOS:000169550500010 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, G Siders, CW Guo, CL Taylor, AJ AF Rodriguez, G Siders, CW Guo, CL Taylor, AJ TI Coherent ultrafast MI-FROG spectroscopy of optical field ionization in molecular H-2, N-2, and O-2 SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE diatomic molecules; frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG); ionization; optical propagation in plasma media; ultrafast optics ID ULTRASHORT LASER-PULSES; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; BARRIER SUPPRESSION; HARMONIC-GENERATION; NOBLE-GASES; SINGLE-SHOT; PHASE; PROPAGATION; INTENSITY; DYNAMICS AB Quantitative phase-sensitive measurements of ultra-fast optical-field ionization rates in molecular H-2, N-2, and O-2 are obtained using a temporally gated frequency-domain interferometric pulse measurement technique: multipulse inteferometric frequency-resolved optical gating (MI-FROG). By measuring the pump-induced frequency change on a weak copropagating probe pulse, the optical field ionization dynamics can be completely time-resolved with subpulsewidth time resolution. A one-dimensional nonrelativistic electromagnetic fluid code model is used to compute the ionization dynamics and optical field propagation through the plasma. Using the Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (ADK) tunnel ionization rate model originally developed for atoms, the relatively simple model proposed here has been shown to compare favorably with the MI-FROG measured ionization rates in noble gases in the intermediate intensity regime (10(14) W/cm(2)) [1]. We attempt to unify our studies in noble gases and molecules by performing experiments on N-2 and O-2, which have nearly identical ionization potentials as Ar and Xe, respectively. For the molecules studied here, we show that an ADK-like description of molecular ionization rates calculated from the model agree with the experimentally measured rates using the MI-FROG technique for H2 and N2. In the case Of O-2, however, the experimentally measured ionization rate is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than that expected from the standard ADK formula. This is in agreement with the previously observed suppressed O-2 ionization rate in ion mass spectroscopy studies [2]. We attribute the suppressed ionization rate in O-2 to a multielectron screening effect and show that a modified version of the ADK formula, taking into account the electron screening as proposed in [2], well approximates the MI-FROG O-2 ionization rate data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriguez, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 579 EP 591 DI 10.1109/2944.974229 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 509VT UT WOS:000173170900010 ER PT J AU Chiang, SS Chang, CI Ginsberg, IW AF Chiang, SS Chang, CI Ginsberg, IW TI Unsupervised target detection in hyperspectral images using projection pursuit SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE evolutional algorithm; hyperspectral imagery; kurtosis; projection index; projection pursuit (PP); skewness; target detection ID CLASSIFICATION; REDUCTION AB In this paper, we present a projection pursuit (PP) approach to target detection. Unlike most of developed target detection algorithms that require statistical models such as linear mixture, the proposed PP is to project a high dimensional data set into a low dimensional data space while retaining desired information of interest. It utilizes a projection index to explore projections of interestingness. For target detection applications in hyperspectral imagery, an interesting structure of an image scene is the one caused by man-made targets in a large unknown background. Such targets can be viewed as anomalies in an image scene due to the fact that their size is relatively small compared to their background surroundings. As a result, detecting small targets in an unknown image scene is reduced to finding the outliers of background distributions. It is known that "skewness," is defined by normalized third moment of the sample distribution, measures the asymmetry of the distribution and "kurtosis" is defined by normalized fourth moment of the sample distribution measures the flatness of the distribution. They both are susceptible to outliers. So, using skewness and kurtosis as a base to design a projection index may be effective for target detection. In order to find an optimal projection index, an evolutionary algorithm is also developed to avoid trapping local optima. The hyperspectral image experiments show that the proposed PP method provides an effective means for target detection. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Remote Sensing Signal & Image Proc Lab, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. US Dept Energy, Remote Sensing Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89191 USA. RP Chiang, SS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Remote Sensing Signal & Image Proc Lab, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 21 TC 74 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2001 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1380 EP 1391 DI 10.1109/36.934071 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 457EE UT WOS:000170123500006 ER PT J AU Funk, CC Theiler, J Roberts, DA Borel, CC AF Funk, CC Theiler, J Roberts, DA Borel, CC TI Clustering to improve matched filter detection of weak gas plumes in hyperspectral thermal imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE clustering; endmember decomposition; gas plumes; hyperspectral; image classification; image partitioning; matched filter; signal detection; spectral mixture analysis; trace element detection ID SUBSPACE PROJECTION APPROACH; EMISSIVITY; TEMPERATURE; INFORMATION; ALGORITHM; SIGNALS AB The use of matched filters on hyperspectral data has made it possible to detect faint signatures. This study uses a modified k-means clustering to improve matched filter performance. Several simple bivariate cases are examined in detail, and the interaction of filtering and partitioning is discussed. We show that clustering can reduce within-class variance and group pixels with similar correlation structures. Both of these features improve filter performance. The traditional k-means algorithm is modified to work with a sample of the image at each iteration and is tested against two hyperspectral datasets. A new "extreme" centroid initialization technique is introduced and shown to speed convergence. Several matched filtering formulations (the simple matched filter, the clutter matched filter, and the saturated matched filter) are compared for a variety of number of classes and synthetic hyperspectral images. The performance of the various clutter matched filter formulations is similar, all are about an order of magnitude better than the simple matched filter. Clustering is found to improve the performance of all matched filter formulations by a factor of two to five. Clustering in conjunction with clutter matched filtering can improve fifty-fold over the simple case, enabling very weak signals to be detected in hyperspectral images. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Funk, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. RI Borel, Christoph/P-2528-2014 NR 30 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2001 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1410 EP 1420 DI 10.1109/36.934073 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 457EE UT WOS:000170123500008 ER PT J AU Grogger, W Krishnan, KM AF Grogger, W Krishnan, KM TI Scatter diagram analysis of Cr segregation in Co-Cr based recording media SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE Cr segregation; energy-filtered TEM; recording media; scatter diagrams ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILM MEDIA; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The segregation of Cr in Co-Cr based thin film recording media was measured using energy-filtered TEM images and quantitatively evaluated by the scatter diagram (SD) method. Following a description of such SD analysis it is applied to the measurement of Cr segregation in two CoCrPtB thin film recording media with different Cr contents. Taking the entire data sets into account, the two dimensional distribution of the nonmagnetic, high Cr phase can be visualized and determined quantitatively. Cr segregates to the intergranular regions and the sample with the higher Cr content shows a significantly higher and more uniform distribution of the nonmagnetic phase at the boundaries. This leads to better magnetic isolation between the grains and correlates with the better recording performance observed in the same sample. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grogger, W (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1465 EP 1467 DI 10.1109/20.950872 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900072 ER PT J AU Kools, JCS Sant, SB Rook, K Xiong, W Dahmani, F Ye, W Nunez-Regueiro, J Kawana, Y Mao, M Koi, K Iwasaki, H Sahashi, M AF Kools, JCS Sant, SB Rook, K Xiong, W Dahmani, F Ye, W Nunez-Regueiro, J Kawana, Y Mao, M Koi, K Iwasaki, H Sahashi, M TI Magnetic properties of specular spin-valves containing nano-oxide layers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE magnetoresistance; specular reflection; spin-valve AB Nano-Oxide Layers (NOL) have been introduced recently as a means to enhance the degree of specular scattering at the outer surfaces in a spin-valve, while still using metallic antiferromagnets such as PtMn or IrMn. A key requirement of the NOL layer in the pinned layer is to be able to provide strong ferromagnetic coupling between two ferromagnetic layers. In this paper, a quantitative study of the ferromagnetic interlayer coupling over the NOL-layer is presented. A Stoner-Wohlfarth model is developed to allow for quantitative analysis. The effect of different metal deposition methods (PVD or IBD), different pinning structures (PtMn and IrMn; simple and synthetic) and different oxidation methods on the coupling is compared. C1 Veeco Instruments, San Jose, CA 95119 USA. Read Rite Corp, Fremont, CA 94123 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Toshiba Corp, Ctr Corp Res & Dev, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2128552, Japan. RP Kools, JCS (reprint author), Veeco Instruments, San Jose, CA 95119 USA. RI Kools, Jacques/A-3863-2013 NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1783 EP 1785 DI 10.1109/20.950967 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900167 ER PT J AU Ahn, JP Cheng, N Lograsso, T Krishnan, KM AF Ahn, JP Cheng, N Lograsso, T Krishnan, KM TI Magnetic properties, structure and shape-memory transitions in Ni-Mn-Ga thin films grown by ion-beam sputtering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE ion beam sputtering; magnetic actuation in MEMS; Ni-Mn-Ga; shape memory alloy thin films ID MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; NI2MNGA; ALLOYS AB Ni1-2xMnxGax (x similar to 0.2 and 0.25) alloys in thin film form were prepared by ion-beam sputtering from alloy targets. For Si(001) substrates the structure/texture of the films are a function of the growth temperature (T-g). The tetragonal martensite structure with a (220) texture was obtained for an optimal T-g similar to 300-350 degreesC. At higher temperatures a cubic silicide (Mn12Ni4Si3) was obtained. At room temperature, optimal films with the stoichiometric composition (x similar to 0.2) showed a ferromagnetic hysteresis behavior characterized by significant in-plane rotation. The coercivity of the films was 310 Oe and temperature-dependent measurements confirmed a Curie temperature, T-c similar to 340 K. At room temperature the films show a modulated 7M martensite structure which was observed in in situ heating experiments to transforms to the cubic austenite phase at 500 degreesC. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Mat Preparat Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ahn, JP (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ceram Proc Res Ctr, Seoul 130650, South Korea. NR 6 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2141 EP 2143 DI 10.1109/20.951103 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900279 ER PT J AU McCallum, RW Fisher, IR Anderson, NE Canfield, PC Kramer, MJ Dennis, KW AF McCallum, RW Fisher, IR Anderson, NE Canfield, PC Kramer, MJ Dennis, KW TI Reentrant behavior in the temperature dependence of metamagnetic transitions in single crystal Nd6Fe13-xAl1+x SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE DC SQUID Magnetometry; metamagnetism; R6Fe13-xAl1+x ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; AL SYSTEM; ND; PHASE; ND6FE13SI AB Nd6Fe13-xAl1+x, (delta) is a complex antiferromagnet with a Neel temperature that ranges from similar to 250 K to similar to 350 K. Studies of polycrystalline samples of the Nd compound have shown that the material undergoes a series of metamagnetic transitions as a function of magnetic field. In the present study, single crystals of delta have been grown and characterized. Low temperature magnetization studies demonstrate that there are a number of competing magnetic interactions in the material, which have different temperature dependencies. As a result, for a narrow range of fields, the delta crystals exhibit unique reentrant magnetization versus temperature behavior. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP McCallum, RW (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2147 EP 2149 DI 10.1109/20.951106 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900281 ER EF