FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Chan, GCY Chan, WT Mao, XL Russo, RE AF Chan, GCY Chan, WT Mao, XL Russo, RE TI Investigation of matrix effects in inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy using laser ablation and solution nebulization - effect of second ionization potential SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE matrix effects; ICP; laser ablation; plasma diagnostics; helium; mixed-gas plasma; interference mechanism ID EASILY IONIZABLE ELEMENTS; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; ARGON PLASMA; SPECTROMETRY; ICP; INTERFERENCES; DIAGNOSTICS; MAGNESIUM; CALCIUM; LECTURE AB Plasma-related non-spectroscopic matrix effects of 31 elements in inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-atomic emission spectrometry were investigated using both laser ablation and solution nebulization as sample introduction techniques. Matrix effects were studied by monitoring the excitation conditions of the plasma using the ionic to atomic spectral line intensity ratios of zinc and magnesium. A new kind of matrix interference was found in the ICP that appears to be related to matrices with elements of low second ionization potential. The matrix effects do not correlate with the first ionization potential of the element. Only those matrix elements with low second ionization potential showed severe matrix effects. Increasing the forward power of the ICP or replacing the carrier gas with a 50%/50% argon-helium mixture did not significantly reduce this matrix effect. However, using 100% helium as the carrier gas greatly reduced the extent of this matrix effect, suggesting that argon is involved in the interference mechanism. The interference mechanism may involve interactions between doubly-charged matrix ions and argon species. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 56 IS 1 BP 77 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(00)00295-0 PG 16 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 400TM UT WOS:000166887800008 ER PT J AU Ji, Z Haynes, JA Ferber, MK Rigsbee, JM AF Ji, Z Haynes, JA Ferber, MK Rigsbee, JM TI Metastable tetragonal zirconia formation and transformation in reactively sputter deposited zirconia coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coating; zirconia; magnetron sputter deposition; phase transformation ID PHASE AB Zirconia coatings were produced by reactive d.c. magnetron sputter deposition using a system with multiple sputter sources and a biased substrate stage. Crystal structure and phase stability of the coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tetragonal zirconia with either a random orientation or a highly (111) preferred orientation was deposited when a substrate bias was applied, whereas coatings grown with no substrate bias had the equilibrium monoclinic structure. It was revealed that bias sputtering effectively decreased crystallite size in the as-deposited coatings, which resulted in room temperature stabilization of the metastable tetragonal phase. XRD analysis of annealed coatings showed that the volume fraction and stability of the tetragonal phase was strongly dependent on substrate bias and annealing temperature. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Surface Proc & Mech Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Haynes, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Surface Proc & Mech Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 135 IS 2-3 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00910-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 392DM UT WOS:000166395400001 ER PT J AU Saxena, A Kivshar, YS Bishop, AR AF Saxena, A Kivshar, YS Bishop, AR TI Optical nonlinearities in polyenes: role of intrinsic localized modes SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Conference on Optical Probes on Pi-Conjugated Polymers and Photonic Crystals CY FEB 15-19, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Univ Utah, Dept Energy, Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Honeywell, Elsevier, Los Alamos Natl Lab DE optical nonlinearities; intrinsic localized modes; C40H42 ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BREATHERS; FEMTOCHEMISTRY; SYSTEMS AB Within a simple theoretical model we demonstrate analytically the effect of intrinsic localized modes such as breathers on nonlinear optical properties. We have earlier observed enhancement of optical nonlinearities in ab initio numerical simulations of finite polyenes, specifically C40H42. We also discuss experimental implications of our results. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Opt Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00512-9 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 393JL UT WOS:000166465400013 ER PT J AU List, EJW Kim, CH Shinar, J Pogantsch, A Petritsch, K Leising, G Graupner, W AF List, EJW Kim, CH Shinar, J Pogantsch, A Petritsch, K Leising, G Graupner, W TI Defect characterization of highly emissive para-phenylene-type molecular films by photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance and thermally stimulated charge transport SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Conference on Optical Probes on Pi-Conjugated Polymers and Photonic Crystals CY FEB 15-19, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Univ Utah, Dept Energy, Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Honeywell, Elsevier, Los Alamos Natl Lab DE poly(para-phenylene); photoluminescence; optically-detected magnetic resonance ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; LADDER POLYMER AB A new combined photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) and thermally stimulated current (TSC) study of defects in wide bandgap amorphous methyl-substituted ladder-type poly(para-phenylene) (m-LPPP) and polycrystalline para-hexaphenyl (PHP) films, both with PL quantum yields of similar to 30%, is described. As TSC probes the density of mobile charge carriers after detrapping and PLDMR reveals the influence of trapped charges on the FL, their combination yields the concentration of traps, their energetic position, and their contribution to PL quenching. The TSC measurements reveal trap densities greater than or equal to 1.6 x 10(16) and 1.4 x 10(14) cm(-3) for m-LPPP and PHP, respectively. From a comparison of the PLDMR and TSC results one finds that the interaction and hence the nonradiative quenching of singlet excitons at polarons is stronger in PHP than in m-LPPP due to a higher diffusivity of singlet excitons in PHP. Furthermore we show that PLDMR results are in agreement with photoinduced absorption results of pristine and photo-oxidized m-LPPP. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Graz Tech Univ, Inst Festkorperphys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP List, EJW (reprint author), Graz Tech Univ, Inst Festkorperphys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RI List-Kratochvil, Emil/M-5312-2013 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00520-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 393JL UT WOS:000166465400021 ER PT J AU Rohlfing, M Tiago, ML Louie, SG AF Rohlfing, M Tiago, ML Louie, SG TI First-principles calculation of optical absorption spectra in conjugated polymers: role of electron-hole interaction SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Conference on Optical Probes on Pi-Conjugated Polymers and Photonic Crystals CY FEB 15-19, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Univ Utah, Dept Energy, Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Honeywell, Elsevier, Los Alamos Natl Lab DE optical absorption spectra; conjugated polymers; electron-hole interaction; density function theory ID AB-INITIO CALCULATION; PARTICLE BAND-STRUCTURE; TRANS-POLYACETYLENE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; INTRINSIC DEFECTS; SEMICONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; EXCITATIONS; SURFACE; GAPS AB Experimental and theoretical studies have shown that excitonic effects play an important role in the optical properties of conjugated polymers. The optical absorption spectrum of trans-polyacetylene, for example, can be understood as completely dominated by the formation of exciton bound states. We review a recently developed first-principles method for computing the excitonic effects and optical spectrum, with no adjustable parameters. This theory is used to study the absorption spectrum of two conjugated polymers: transpolyacetylene and poly-phenylene-vinylene (PPV). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Munster, Inst Theoret Phys Festkorperphys 2, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rohlfing, M (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Theoret Phys Festkorperphys 2, Wilhelm Klemm Str 10, D-48149 Munster, Germany. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00524-5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 393JL UT WOS:000166465400025 ER PT J AU List, EJW Partee, J Shinar, J Gadermaier, C Leising, G Graupner, W AF List, EJW Partee, J Shinar, J Gadermaier, C Leising, G Graupner, W TI Excitation energy migration in highly emissive semiconducting polymer blends probed by photoluminescence detected magnetic resonance SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Conference on Optical Probes on Pi-Conjugated Polymers and Photonic Crystals CY FEB 15-19, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Univ Utah, Dept Energy, Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Honeywell, Elsevier, Los Alamos Natl Lab DE poly(para-phenylene); photoluminescence; optically detected magnetic resonance; photoinduced absorption spectroscopy ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; LOWEST SINGLET; DYNAMICS; STATES AB The excitation energy migration (EEM) in methyl-substituted ladder-type poly(pai a-phenylene) (m-LPPP) doped with small amounts of the red emitter poly(perylene-co-diethynylbenzene) (PPDB) was studied by photoluminescence (PL) detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR). It is suggested that the EEM process proceeds via two steps: (1) migration within the host and (2) transfer from the host to the guest. The contributions of the emissions from m-LPPP and PPDB to the PL-enhancing polaron PLDMR at g = 2, which are due to a reduction in the density of polarons acting as singlet exciton (SE) quenching centers, evolve differently with temperature. This provides clear evidence for SE migration in m-LPPP. The tripler exciton (TE) PLDMR at g = 4 shows a distinct peak for each polymer, with the intensity of the PPDB feature being proportional to its concentration. However, the spectral dependence recorded at the peak of each resonance is the same. This rules out the triplet-triplet-annihilation-mechanism in these blends for simple energetic reasons. Instead we propose that the resonance at g = 4 is due to a SE-quenching mechanism similar to that for the polaron resonance at g = 2. At the field-for-resonance the number of TE's decreases, and hence the PL increases. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Graz Tech Univ, Inst Festkorperphys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP List, EJW (reprint author), Graz Tech Univ, Inst Festkorperphys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RI Gadermaier, Christoph/O-4834-2016; List-Kratochvil, Emil/M-5312-2013 OI Gadermaier, Christoph/0000-0001-6613-9644; NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00483-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 393JL UT WOS:000166465400042 ER PT J AU Chen, LX Jager, WJH Gosztola, DJ Niemczyk, MP Wasielewski, MR AF Chen, LX Jager, WJH Gosztola, DJ Niemczyk, MP Wasielewski, MR TI Effects of chemical modifications on photophysics and exciton dynamics of pi-conjugation attenuated and metal-chelated photoconducting polymers SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Conference on Optical Probes on Pi-Conjugated Polymers and Photonic Crystals CY FEB 15-19, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Univ Utah, Dept Energy, Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Honeywell, Elsevier, Los Alamos Natl Lab DE poly(phenylene vinylene) derivatives; molecular aggregates; pi-conjugation; time-resolved fast spectroscopy; chemical synthesis; semi-empirical and model calculations ID COMPLEXES; LIGAND; DESIGN AB Effects of two types of chemical modifications on photoconducting polymers consisting of polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) derivatives are studied by static and ultrafast transient optical spectroscopy as well as semi-empirical ZINDD calculations. The first type of modification inserts 2,2'-bipyridyl-5-vinylene (bpyV) units in the PPV backbone, and the second type involves metal-chelation with the bpy sites. Photoluminescence (PL) and exciton dynamics of polymers 1 and 2 with PV:bpyV ratios of I and 3 were examined in solution, and compared with those of the homo-polymer, poly(2,5-bis(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (BEH-PPV). Similar studies were carried out for several metal-chelated polymers. These results can be explained by changes in pi -conjugation throughout the polymer backbone. The attenuation in pi -conjugation by the chemical modifications transforms a conducting polymer from one-dimensional semiconductor to molecular aggregates. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Chen, LX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gosztola, David/D-9320-2011 OI Gosztola, David/0000-0003-2674-1379 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00458-6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 393JL UT WOS:000166465400051 ER PT J AU Huser, T Yan, M AF Huser, T Yan, M TI Aggregation quenching in thin films of MEH-PPV studied by near-field scanning optical microscopy and spectroscopy SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Conference on Optical Probes on Pi-Conjugated Polymers and Photonic Crystals CY FEB 15-19, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Univ Utah, Dept Energy, Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Honeywell, Elsevier, Los Alamos Natl Lab DE NSOM; photoluminescence; MEH-PPV; conjugated polymers; aggregates ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; LUMINESCENCE AB Aggregates in thin films of conjugated polymers form excimer states and significantly reduce the photo- and electroluminescence efficiency in devices produced from these materials. We have studied the aggregate formation in thin films of poly(2-methoxy,5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene-vinylene) (MEH-PPV) by near-field scanning optical microscopy and spectroscopy. Local photoluminescence spectroscopy and photo-bleaching experiments have been used to show that thin films of MEH-PPV are homogeneously aggregated and do not form aggregated domains. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Huser, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, M-S L-250, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00432-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 393JL UT WOS:000166465400071 ER PT J AU Dexheimer, SL Van Pelt, AD Brozik, JA Swanson, BI AF Dexheimer, SL Van Pelt, AD Brozik, JA Swanson, BI TI Dynamics of the formation of the self-trapped exciton in the MX complex PtBr(en) SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Conference on Optical Probes on Pi-Conjugated Polymers and Photonic Crystals CY FEB 15-19, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Univ Utah, Dept Energy, Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Honeywell, Elsevier, Los Alamos Natl Lab DE time-resolved fast spectroscopy; photo-induced absorption spectroscopy ID VALENCE METAL-COMPLEXES; NONLINEAR LATTICE-RELAXATION; FEMTOSECOND IMPULSIVE EXCITATION; CHARGE-TRANSFER EXCITATION; ONE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEM; VIBRATIONAL DYNAMICS; GROUND-STATE; CHAIN; SPECTROSCOPY; BACTERIORHODOPSIN AB We have directly time-resolved the coupled electronic and vibrational dynamics of the self-trapping process in a quasi-one-dimensional system, the halide-bridged mixed-valence transition metal linear chain (MX) complex [Pt(en)(2)][Pt(en)(2)Br(2)].(PF(6))(4), (en: ethylenediamine, C(2)H(8)N(2)) using femtosecond spectroscopic techniques in the vibrationally impulsive limit. In these experiments, we impulsively excite the optical intervalence charge-transfer transition with light pulses 35 fs in duration, short compared to the period of the characteristic chain-axis vibrational motion. The red-shifted absorbance of the self-trapped exciton state, which forms on a time scale of similar to 200 fs, is modulated by vibrational wavepacket oscillations that correspond to lattice motions induced by the optical excitation. In addition to detecting an oscillatory response consistent with impulsive stimulated Raman excitation of the ground-stare symmetric chain-axis stretching mode at similar to 175 cm(-1), and its harmonics, we find that the self-trapped exciton absorbance is strongly modulated by a heavily damped, low frequency wavepacket component at similar to 110 cm(-1). The coherence time of this new frequency component closely parallels the induction of the self-trapped exciton absorbance, consistent with a wavepacket corresponding to the lattice motion that carries the excited system to the self-trapped state. The spectral evolution of the low-frequency wavepacket oscillation provides a detailed picture of the coupled electron-lattice dynamics of the photo-excited state. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Dexheimer, SL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00444-6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 393JL UT WOS:000166465400083 ER PT J AU Zakhidov, AA Baughman, RH Khayrullin, II Udod, IA Kozlov, M Eradat, N Vardeny, VZ Sigalas, M Biswas, R AF Zakhidov, AA Baughman, RH Khayrullin, II Udod, IA Kozlov, M Eradat, N Vardeny, VZ Sigalas, M Biswas, R TI Three-dimensionally periodic conductive nanostructures: network versus cermet topologies for metallic PBG SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Conference on Optical Probes on Pi-Conjugated Polymers and Photonic Crystals CY FEB 15-19, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Univ Utah, Dept Energy, Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Honeywell, Elsevier, Los Alamos Natl Lab DE Bragg scattering; cermet; metallic photonic band gap ID PHOTONIC BAND-GAP; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTALS; LIGHT; LOCALIZATION; OPALS AB Highly periodic three-dimensional metallic mesh composites with silica have been prepared by micromolding synthetic opals using melts of metals and semimetals. These metallic photonic crystals show photonic and electronic properties, which strongly depend on their geometry. Network topology, created in a form of interconnected spherical cages of 200-400 nm diameter, shows a reflectivity peak in the infrared (IR) spectral range, due to a metallic photonic band gap (MPBG), reminiscent of plasmon edge of bulk metal, which is significantly shifted to longer wavelengths. On the other hand, a discontinuous topology of separated clusters in a matrix (so called cermet topology) obtained by three distinct techniques involved controlling the pressure and temperature of the melt during the infiltration process, do not show any MPBG. In the visible spectral range, bright sharp colors of Bragg scattering are observed from both topologies, which are more intense than in conventional, dielectric gem opals in agreement with computer modeling of light reflection from cermet metallo-dielectric photonic crystals. This metallic PBG structures can be used as novel type TR reflectors, color mirrors and conductive electrodes having properties controlled by the topology of 3-D superstructure. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Honeywell Inc, Res & Technol, Morristown, NJ 07962 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zakhidov, AA (reprint author), Honeywell Inc, Res & Technol, Morristown, NJ 07962 USA. OI Zakhidov, Anvar/0000-0003-3983-2229 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00407-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 393JL UT WOS:000166465400089 ER PT J AU Subramania, G Constant, K Biswas, R Sigalas, MM Ho, KM AF Subramania, G Constant, K Biswas, R Sigalas, MM Ho, KM TI Synthesis of thin film photonic crystals SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Conference on Optical Probes on Pi-Conjugated Polymers and Photonic Crystals CY FEB 15-19, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Univ Utah, Dept Energy, Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Honeywell, Elsevier, Los Alamos Natl Lab DE photonic crystals; Moire pattern; X-ray diffraction ID ORDERED MACROPOROUS MATERIALS; OPTICAL WAVELENGTHS; COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS AB We describe a synthesis procedure for fabricating thin him photonic crystals at optical length scales from a ceramic slurry of nanocrystalline titania and polystyrene spheres. Self assembly of the spheres is performed simultaneously with the introduction of the dielectric background. Thin film photonic crystals are grown on glass or semiconductor substrates. The photonic crystals are characterized with both surface and cross-sectional scanning electron microscope images. The photonic crystals exhibit a reflection peak and transmission dip at the wavelength of the first stop band. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Subramania, G (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Constant, Kristen/C-3673-2014 OI Constant, Kristen/0000-0001-7138-9365 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 445 EP 448 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00411-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 393JL UT WOS:000166465400093 ER PT J AU Gray, SK Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Barnes, MD AF Gray, SK Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Barnes, MD TI Quantum mechanical model of localized electrons on the surface of polymer nanospheres SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; DROPS AB We examine the quantum mechanics of a simple model for charged dielectric nanospheres called quantum drops. The model, previously introduced in semiclassical quantization work, involves one electron moving in an effective potential field due to N - 1 other electrons on the surface of a nanosphere. We discuss how electron confinement occurs and how energy levels exhibit scaling properties similar to those expected for a particle moving in a restricted, two-dimensional area. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gray, SK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2001 VL 333 IS 3-4 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)01377-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 393KY UT WOS:000166468800017 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Cape, SP Chi, E Raffen, R Wilkins-Stevens, P Stevens, FJ Manning, MC Randolph, TW Solomon, A Carpenter, JF AF Kim, YS Cape, SP Chi, E Raffen, R Wilkins-Stevens, P Stevens, FJ Manning, MC Randolph, TW Solomon, A Carpenter, JF TI Counteracting effects of renal solutes on amyloid fibril formation by immunoglobulin light chains SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PREFERENTIAL HYDRATION; CHEMICAL CHAPERONES; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; IN-VITRO; AGGREGATION; DISEASE; SCRAPIE; FIBRILLOGENESIS; TRANSTHYRETIN; CONSEQUENCES AB In primary (light chain-associated) amyloidosis, immunoglobulin light chains deposit as amyloid fibrils in vital organs, especially the kidney. Because the kidney contains high concentrations of urea that can destabilize light chains as well as solutes such as betaine and sorbitol that serve as protein stabilizers, we investigated the effects of these solutes on in vitro amyloid fibril formation and thermodynamic stability of light chains, Two recombinant light chain proteins, one amyloidogenic and the other nonamyloidogenic, were used as models, For both light chains, urea enhanced fibril formation by reducing the nucleation lag time and diminished protein thermodynamic stability. Conversely, betaine or sorbitol increased thermodynamic stability of the proteins and partially inhibited fibril formation. These solutes also counteracted urea-induced reduction in protein thermodynamic stability and accelerated fibril formation. Betaine was more effective than sorbitol. A model is presented to explain how the thermodynamic effects of the solutes on protein state equilibria can alter nucleation lag time and, hence, fibril formation kinetics. Our results provide evidence that renal solutes control thermodynamic and kinetic stability of light chains and thus may modulate amyloid fibril formation in the kidney. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Human Immunol & Canc Program, Grad Sch Med, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. RP Carpenter, JF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RI randolph, theodore/A-3301-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA10050] NR 47 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 2 BP 1626 EP 1633 DI 10.1074/jbc.M007766200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 392UL UT WOS:000166430900102 PM 11050093 ER PT J AU Riordan, M Rowson, PC Wu, SL AF Riordan, M Rowson, PC Wu, SL TI Perspective: Particle physics - The search for the Higgs boson SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Riordan, M (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 12 PY 2001 VL 291 IS 5502 BP 259 EP 260 DI 10.1126/science.1057739 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 391JM UT WOS:000166352900031 PM 11253214 ER PT J AU Ruscic, B Feller, D Dixon, DA Peterson, KA Harding, LB Asher, RL Wagner, AF AF Ruscic, B Feller, D Dixon, DA Peterson, KA Harding, LB Asher, RL Wagner, AF TI Evidence for a lower enthalpy of formation of hydroxyl radical and a lower gas-phase bond dissociation energy of water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Letter ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; OD RADICALS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; TRIPLE EXCITATIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; PHOTOIONIZATION; OH; HYDROGEN AB There are two experimental approaches to determining DeltaH(f0)degrees (OH), which produce values of this key thermodynamic quantity that differ by >0.5 kcal/mol. The apparent uncertainty of the positive ion cycle approach resides in the measurement of the appearance energy of OH+ from H2O, while the uncertainty of the spectroscopic approach resides in the determination of the dissociation energy of OH(A(2)Sigma (+)). In this note we present an independent experimental determination of the appearance energy that confirms the accuracy and enhances the precision of the existing positive ion cycle value for DeltaH(f0)degrees (OH). We also present electronic structure calculations of the OH(A(2)Sigma (+)) potential energy curve. which suggest that the extrapolation method used to obtain the spectroscopic dissociation energy is in error. Finally, we present the largest ab initio electronic structure calculations ever performed for DeltaH(f0)degrees (OH) that have an apparent uncertainty much less than 0.5 kcal/mol and support only the positive ion cycle value. Although all major thermochemical tables recommend a value of DeltaH(f0)degrees (OH) based on the spectroscopic approach, the comet value is that of the positive ion cycle, DeltaH(f0)degrees (OH) = 8.83 +/- 0.09 kcal/mol, D-0(H-OH) = 117.57 +/- 0.09 kcal/mol, and D-0(OH) = 101.79 +/- 0.09 kcal/mol. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ruscic, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 49 TC 155 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1021/jp003711s PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 390XF UT WOS:000166324500001 ER PT J AU Pavao, AC Taft, CA Guimaraes, TCF Leao, MBC Mohallem, JR Lester, WA AF Pavao, AC Taft, CA Guimaraes, TCF Leao, MBC Mohallem, JR Lester, WA TI Interdisciplinary applications of Pauling's metallic orbital and unsynchronized resonance to problems of modern physical chemistry: Conductivity, magnetism, molecular stability, superconductivity, catalysis, photoconductivity, and chemical reactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CO INTERACTION; VALENCE-BOND; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; LITHIUM CLUSTERS; CR(110) SURFACE; D-2H ISOMER; TRANSITION; O-4; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; DISSOCIATION AB The resonating valence bond theory, emphasizing unsynchronized resonance and metallic orbitals, introduced by Pauling 50 years ago, has become an easily visualized tool for describing some electron-transfer processes. It has yielded simple, qualitative and useful descriptions of a wide variety of phenomena including the stability and geometry of molecules, conductivity, photoconductivity, superconductivity, magnetism, surface catalyzed reactions, chemical carcinogenesis as well as the stability of the metallic state. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Dept Mat Condensada & Fis Estat, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Bahia, Dept Ciencias Exatas & Terra, Salvador, BA, Brazil. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Exatas, Dept Fis, BR-30161970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Quim Fundamental, BR-50740540 Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Lester, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Mohallem, Jose/A-4669-2008; Pavao, Antonio/I-8002-2014 NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 DI 10.1021/jp0018549 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 390XF UT WOS:000166324500002 ER PT J AU Curtiss, LA Raghavachari, K Redfern, PC Kedziora, GS Pople, JA AF Curtiss, LA Raghavachari, K Redfern, PC Kedziora, GS Pople, JA TI On comparison of experimental thermochemical data with G3 theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; SILICON; COMPUTATION; GAUSSIAN-2 AB The results of assessments of methods for computing molecular thermochemical data can depend significantly on how comparison with experimental data is done. This is illustrated for two cases involving G3 theory: the energy of SiF4 and the G2/97 test set. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Curtiss, LA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 1 BP 227 EP 228 DI 10.1021/jp0026585 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 390XF UT WOS:000166324500031 ER PT J AU Eckert, J Barthes, M Klooster, WT Albinati, A Aznar, R Koetzle, TF AF Eckert, J Barthes, M Klooster, WT Albinati, A Aznar, R Koetzle, TF TI No evidence for proton transfer along the N-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bond in N-methylacetamide: Neutron single crystal structure at 250 and 276 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING; ABINITIO; SPECTRA AB The crystal structure of N-methylacetamide (C3H7NO), M-r = 73.095, has been determined from single-crystal neutron diffraction data at two temperatures, 250 and 276 K, above and below the previously reported phase transition located at 274 K in this work. Crystal data: 250 K [276 K]: space group Pn2la [Pn2(1)m], a = 9.671(2) [4.878(1)] Angstrom, b = 6.613(6) [6.567(1)] Angstrom, c = 7.218(1) [7.332(2)] Angstrom; V = 465.7(6) [234.9(5)] Angstrom (3); D-n = 1.043 [1.034] g.cm(-3), R(F-2) = 0.168 [0.134], wR(F-2) = 0.062 [0.051], S = 1.18 [1.11]. This new investigation of the structure of N-methylacetamide was undertaken in order to assess a recent suggestion based on inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy that transfer of the amide proton along the peptide hydrogen bond may be responsible for the vibrational anomalies. While we found no evidence for proton transfer along the N-H...O hydrogen bond (d(NH) = 1.025(17) Angstrom, and d(H...O) 1.856(14) Angstrom for at T = 250 K) at either temperature evidence for some molecular disorder is present in accord with our previous C-13 NMR studies. In addition, we find short intramolecular contacts between the amide hydrogen atom and those on both neighboring methyls, which may well affect the vibrational properties of the respective molecular groups. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, GDPC, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. Univ Milan, Ist Chim Farmaceut, I-20131 Milan, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Eckert, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Mail Stop H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Albinati, Alberto/I-1262-2015 OI Albinati, Alberto/0000-0002-8779-3327 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1021/jp000267k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 390XE UT WOS:000166324400005 ER PT J AU Qiang, J Ryne, RD Blind, B Billen, JH Bhatia, T Garnett, RW Neuschaefer, G Takeda, H AF Qiang, J Ryne, RD Blind, B Billen, JH Bhatia, T Garnett, RW Neuschaefer, G Takeda, H TI High-resolution parallel particle-in-cell simulations of beam dynamics in the spallation neutron source linac SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we present results of using high-performance parallel computers to simulate beam dynamics in an early design of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linac. These are among the most detailed linac simulations ever performed. The simulations have been performed using up to 500 million macroparticles, which is close to the number of particles in the physical system. The simulations are fully three-dimensional, and utilize RF cavity field data from modeling over 400 RF cavities. Furthermore, they use an improved model of the beam dynamics within the cavities. Traditionally, small-scale two-dimensional simulations have been performed on PCs or workstations. While such simulations are sufficient for rapid design and for predicting root mean square properties of the beam, large-scale simulations are essential for modeling the tails of the beam. The large-scale parallel simulation results presented here represent a three order of magnitude improvement in simulation capability, in terms of problem size and speed of execution, compared with typical two-dimensional serial simulations. In this paper we will show how large-scale simulations can be used to predict the extent of the beam halo and facilitate design decisions related to the choice of beam pipe aperture. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Qiang, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H817,LANSCE-1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00705-1 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 397NU UT WOS:000166702400001 ER PT J AU Abramov, VV Acharya, BS Akchurin, N Atanasov, I Baiatian, G Ball, A Banerjee, S Banerjee, S de Barbaro, P Barnes, V Bencze, G Bodek, A Booke, M Budd, H Cremaldi, L Cushman, P Dugad, SR Dimitrov, L Dyshkant, A Elias, J Evdokimov, VN Fong, D Freeman, J Genchev, V Goncharov, PI Green, D Gurtu, A Hagopian, V Iaydjiev, P Korneev, Y Krinitsyn, A Krishnaswami, G Krishnaswamy, MR Kryshkin, V Kunori, S Laasanen, A Lazic, D Levchuk, L Litov, L Mondal, NK Moulik, T Narasimham, VS Nemashkalo, A Onel, Y Petrov, P Petukhov, Y Piperov, S Popov, V Reidy, J Ronzhin, A Ruchti, R Singh, JB Shen, Q Sirunyan, A Skuja, A Skup, E Sorokin, P Sudhakar, K Summers, D Szoncso, F Tereshenko, SI Timmermans, C Tonwar, SC Turchanovich, L Tyukov, V Volodko, A Yukaev, A Zaitchenko, A Zatserklyaniy, A AF Abramov, VV Acharya, BS Akchurin, N Atanasov, I Baiatian, G Ball, A Banerjee, S Banerjee, S de Barbaro, P Barnes, V Bencze, G Bodek, A Booke, M Budd, H Cremaldi, L Cushman, P Dugad, SR Dimitrov, L Dyshkant, A Elias, J Evdokimov, VN Fong, D Freeman, J Genchev, V Goncharov, PI Green, D Gurtu, A Hagopian, V Iaydjiev, P Korneev, Y Krinitsyn, A Krishnaswami, G Krishnaswamy, MR Kryshkin, V Kunori, S Laasanen, A Lazic, D Levchuk, L Litov, L Mondal, NK Moulik, T Narasimham, VS Nemashkalo, A Onel, Y Petrov, P Petukhov, Y Piperov, S Popov, V Reidy, J Ronzhin, A Ruchti, R Singh, JB Shen, Q Sirunyan, A Skuja, A Skup, E Sorokin, P Sudhakar, K Summers, D Szoncso, F Tereshenko, SI Timmermans, C Tonwar, SC Turchanovich, L Tyukov, V Volodko, A Yukaev, A Zaitchenko, A Zatserklyaniy, A CA CMS-HCAL Collaboration TI Studies of the response of the prototype CMS hadron calorimeter, including magnetic field effects, to pion, electron, and muon beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE hadron sampling calorimeters; magnetic field effects ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO; SCINTILLATORS; RESOLUTION; URANIUM AB We report on the response of a prototype CMS hadron calorimeter module to charged particle beams of pions, muons, and electrons with momenta up to 375 GeV/c. The data were taken at the H2 and H4 beamlines at CERN in 1995 and 1996. The prototype sampling calorimeter used copper absorber plates and scintillator tiles with wavelength shifting fibers for readout. The effects of a magnetic field of up to 3 T on the response of the calorimeter to muons, electrons, and pions are presented, and the effects of an upstream lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter on the linearity and energy resolution of the combined calorimetric system to hadrons are evaluated. The results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations and are used to optimize the choice of total absorber depth, sampling frequency, and longitudinal readout segmentation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, HECR Grp, Mumbai, India. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, EHEP Grp, Mumbai, India. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, Natl Sci Ctr, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Univ Sofia, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP de Barbaro, P (reprint author), Univ Rochester, FERMILAB MS 318, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Tioukov, Valeri/H-9939-2016 OI Tioukov, Valeri/0000-0001-5981-5296 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00711-7 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 397NU UT WOS:000166702400007 ER PT J AU Atwood, E Atwood, W Bhatnager, B Bloom, E Broeder, J Chen, V Clark, J Cotton, N Silva, EDE Feerick, B Giebels, B Godfrey, G Handa, T Hernando, JA Hirayama, M Johnson, RP Kamae, T Kashiguine, S Kroeger, W Milbury, C Miller, W Millican, O Nikolaou, M Nordby, M Ohsugi, T Paliaga, G Ponslet, E Rowe, W Sadrozinski, HFW Spencer, E Stromberg, S Swensen, E Takayuki, M Tournear, D Webster, A Winkler, G Yamamoto, K Yamamura, K Yoshida, S AF Atwood, E Atwood, W Bhatnager, B Bloom, E Broeder, J Chen, V Clark, J Cotton, N Silva, EDE Feerick, B Giebels, B Godfrey, G Handa, T Hernando, JA Hirayama, M Johnson, RP Kamae, T Kashiguine, S Kroeger, W Milbury, C Miller, W Millican, O Nikolaou, M Nordby, M Ohsugi, T Paliaga, G Ponslet, E Rowe, W Sadrozinski, HFW Spencer, E Stromberg, S Swensen, E Takayuki, M Tournear, D Webster, A Winkler, G Yamamoto, K Yamamura, K Yoshida, S TI The silicon tracker of the beam test engineering model of the GLAST large-area telescope SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE silicon microstrip detectors; space; gamma-ray AB The silicon tracker for the engineering model of the GLAST Large-Area Telescope (LAT) has at least two unique features: it employs self-triggering readout electronics, dissipating less than 200 muW per channel and to date represents the largest surface of silicon microstrip detectors assembled in a tracker (2.7 m(2)). It demonstrates the feasibility of employing this technology for satellite based experiments, in which low power consumption, large effective areas and high reliability are required. This note describes the construction of this silicon tracker, which was installed in a beam test of positrons. hadrons and tagged photons at SLAG in December 1999 and January 2000. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, SCIPP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Hytec Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Hamamatsu Photon, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4308587, Japan. RP Silva, EDE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Ms 98,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Hernando Morata, Jose Angel/L-7642-2014 OI Hernando Morata, Jose Angel/0000-0002-8683-5142 NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00764-6 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 397NU UT WOS:000166702400011 ER PT J AU Danby, GT Addessi, L Armoza, Z Benante, J Brown, HN Bunce, G Cottingham, JC Cullen, J Geller, J Hseuh, H Jackson, JW Jia, L Kochis, S Koniczny, D Larsen, R Lee, YY Mapes, M Meier, RE Meng, W Morse, WM O'Toole, M Pai, C Polk, I Prigl, R Semertzidis, YK Shutt, R Snydstrup, L Soukas, A Tallerico, T Toldo, F Von Lintig, D Woodle, K Carey, RM Earle, W Hazen, ES Krienen, F Miller, JP Ouyang, J Roberts, BL Sulak, LR Worstell, WA Orlov, Y Winn, D Grossmann, A Jungmann, K Putlitz, GZ von Walter, P Debevec, PT Deninger, WJ Hertzog, DW Sedykh, S Urner, D Green, MA Haeberlen, U Cushman, P Giron, S Kindem, J Miller, D Timmermans, C Zimmerman, D Druzhinin, VP Fedotovich, GV Grigorev, DN Khazin, BI Ryskulov, NM Serednyakov, S Shatunov, YM Solodov, E Endo, K Hirabayashi, H Mizumachi, Y Yamamoto, A Dhawan, SK Disco, A Farley, FJM Fei, X Grosse-Perdekamp, M Hughes, VW Kawall, D Redin, SI AF Danby, GT Addessi, L Armoza, Z Benante, J Brown, HN Bunce, G Cottingham, JC Cullen, J Geller, J Hseuh, H Jackson, JW Jia, L Kochis, S Koniczny, D Larsen, R Lee, YY Mapes, M Meier, RE Meng, W Morse, WM O'Toole, M Pai, C Polk, I Prigl, R Semertzidis, YK Shutt, R Snydstrup, L Soukas, A Tallerico, T Toldo, F Von Lintig, D Woodle, K Carey, RM Earle, W Hazen, ES Krienen, F Miller, JP Ouyang, J Roberts, BL Sulak, LR Worstell, WA Orlov, Y Winn, D Grossmann, A Jungmann, K Putlitz, GZ von Walter, P Debevec, PT Deninger, WJ Hertzog, DW Sedykh, S Urner, D Green, MA Haeberlen, U Cushman, P Giron, S Kindem, J Miller, D Timmermans, C Zimmerman, D Druzhinin, VP Fedotovich, GV Grigorev, DN Khazin, BI Ryskulov, NM Serednyakov, S Shatunov, YM Solodov, E Endo, K Hirabayashi, H Mizumachi, Y Yamamoto, A Dhawan, SK Disco, A Farley, FJM Fei, X Grosse-Perdekamp, M Hughes, VW Kawall, D Redin, SI TI The Brookhaven muon storage ring magnet SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE superconducting magnet; muon g-2; storage ring; large superconducting coils AB The muon g-2 experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory has the goal of determining the muon anomalous g-value a(mu) ( = (g - 2)/2) to the very high precision of 0.35 parts per million and thus requires a storage ring magnet with great stability and homogeniety. A superferric storage ring with a radius of 7.11 m and a magnetic field of 1.45 T has been constructed in which the field quality is largely determined by the iron, and the excitation is provided by superconducting coils operating at a current of 5200 A. The storage ring has been constructed with maximum attention to azimuthal symmetry and to tight mechanical tolerances and with many features to allow obtaining a homogenous magnetic field. The fabrication of the storage ring, its cryogenics and quench protection systems, and its initial testing and operation are described. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Med Res, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Bunce, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Jungmann, Klaus/A-7142-2010; jungmann, klaus/H-1581-2013; Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013 OI jungmann, klaus/0000-0003-0571-4072; NR 16 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00704-X PG 24 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 397NU UT WOS:000166702400013 ER PT J AU Berdoz, AR Birchall, J Bland, JB Bowman, JD Campbell, JR Coombes, GH Davis, CA Green, PW Hamian, AA Kuznetsov, Y Lee, L Levy, CDP Mischke, RE Page, SA Ramsay, WD Reitzner, SD Ries, T Roy, G Sekulovich, AM Soukup, J Stocki, T Sum, V Titov, NA van Oers, WTH Woo, RJ Zelenski, AN AF Berdoz, AR Birchall, J Bland, JB Bowman, JD Campbell, JR Coombes, GH Davis, CA Green, PW Hamian, AA Kuznetsov, Y Lee, L Levy, CDP Mischke, RE Page, SA Ramsay, WD Reitzner, SD Ries, T Roy, G Sekulovich, AM Soukup, J Stocki, T Sum, V Titov, NA van Oers, WTH Woo, RJ Zelenski, AN TI A monitor of beam polarization profiles for the TRIUMF parity experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE beams; polarimeter; parity violation ID PROTON-PROTON-SCATTERING; VIOLATION; NONCONSERVATION AB TRIUMF experiment E497 is a study of parity violation in pp scattering at an energy where the leading term in the analyzing power is expected to vanish, thus measuring a unique combination of weak-interaction flavor-conserving terms. It is desired to reach a level of sensitivity of 2 x 10(-8) in both statistical and systematic errors. The leading systematic errors depend on transverse polarization components and, at least, the first moment of transverse polarization. A novel polarimeter that measures profiles of both transverse components of polarization as a function of position is described. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. RP Davis, CA (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00767-1 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 397NU UT WOS:000166702400027 ER PT J AU Palarczyk, M Rapaport, J Hautala, C Hicks, K Prout, DL Taddeucci, TN Foster, CC Goodman, CD van Heerden, IJ Rinckel, T Savupulos, G Yang, X Yoder, D Sugarbaker, E Cooper, DC Luther, B AF Palarczyk, M Rapaport, J Hautala, C Hicks, K Prout, DL Taddeucci, TN Foster, CC Goodman, CD van Heerden, IJ Rinckel, T Savupulos, G Yang, X Yoder, D Sugarbaker, E Cooper, DC Luther, B TI INPOL - the Indiana University Neutron Polarimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron polarimeter ID POLARIZATION TRANSFER; P,N; STRENGTH; PROTONS AB We describe the upgraded time-of-flight facility at the Indiana University Cyclotron which has been used to measure the polarization transfer induced in ((p) over right arrow, (n) over right arrow) reactions at intermediate energies, E-p = 100-200 MeV, The Indiana Neutron POLarimeter (INPOL) is able to measure simultaneously two orthogonal neutron spin polarizations induced in charge exchange reactions with polarized proton beams oriented in each of the three spin states, normal ((N) over right arrow), sideways ((S) over right arrow) and longitudinal((L) over right arrow). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Western Cape, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. Motorola Inc, Arlington Hts, IL 60004 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. Concordia Coll, Moorhead, MN 56562 USA. RP Rapaport, J (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 309 EP 331 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00706-3 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 397NU UT WOS:000166702400029 ER PT J AU Seeger, PA Daemen, LL AF Seeger, PA Daemen, LL TI Numerical solution of Bloch's equation for neutron spin precession SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron; polarization; Monte Carlo AB The increasing importance of polarization in neutron scattering instrumentation for condensed matter research means that Monte Carlo design tools must be able to track neutron spin during neutron transport. In particular, we must be able to solve Bloch's precession equation for arbitrary magnetic induction configurations, including time-dependence. Since Monte Carlo simulations require averaging a large number of neutron histories, the computational procedure must be fast, as well as accurate and precise. A suitable algorithm is presented here, in the context of the Neutron Instrument Simulation Package (NISP), a Monte Carlo package developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory for neutron scattering instrument design. Accuracy is assessed by the comparison to simple cases for which analytical expressions are known, and precision and execution time are shown for a case with a non-uniform magnetic induction field. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Seeger, PA (reprint author), 239 Loma Escolar, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 338 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00769-5 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 397NU UT WOS:000166702400031 ER PT J AU Eugenio, P Adams, GS Adams, T Bar-Yam, Z Bishop, JM Bodyagin, VA Brabson, BB Brown, DS Cason, NM Chung, SU Crittenden, RR Cummings, JP Demianov, AI Denisov, S Dorofeev, V Dowd, JP Dzierba, AR Gribushin, AM Gunter, J Hackenburg, RW Hayek, M Ivanov, EI Kachaev, I Kern, W King, E Kodolova, OL Korotkikh, VL Kostin, MA Kuhn, J Lindenbusch, R Lipaev, V LoSecco, JM Manak, JJ Napolitano, J Nozar, M Olchanski, C Ostrovidov, AI Pedlar, TK Popov, A Rust, DR Ryabchikov, D Sanjari, AH Sarycheva, LI Scott, E Seth, KK Shenhav, N Shepherd, WD Sinev, NB Smith, JA Smith, PT Stienike, DL Sulanke, T Taegar, SA Teige, S Thompson, DR Vardanyan, IN Weygand, DP White, D Willutzki, HJ Wise, J Witkowski, M Yershov, AA Zhao, D AF Eugenio, P Adams, GS Adams, T Bar-Yam, Z Bishop, JM Bodyagin, VA Brabson, BB Brown, DS Cason, NM Chung, SU Crittenden, RR Cummings, JP Demianov, AI Denisov, S Dorofeev, V Dowd, JP Dzierba, AR Gribushin, AM Gunter, J Hackenburg, RW Hayek, M Ivanov, EI Kachaev, I Kern, W King, E Kodolova, OL Korotkikh, VL Kostin, MA Kuhn, J Lindenbusch, R Lipaev, V LoSecco, JM Manak, JJ Napolitano, J Nozar, M Olchanski, C Ostrovidov, AI Pedlar, TK Popov, A Rust, DR Ryabchikov, D Sanjari, AH Sarycheva, LI Scott, E Seth, KK Shenhav, N Shepherd, WD Sinev, NB Smith, JA Smith, PT Stienike, DL Sulanke, T Taegar, SA Teige, S Thompson, DR Vardanyan, IN Weygand, DP White, D Willutzki, HJ Wise, J Witkowski, M Yershov, AA Zhao, D CA BNL-E852 Collaboration TI Observation of a new J(PC)=1(+-) isoscalar state in the reaction pi(-)p ->omega eta n at 18 GeV/c SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MESON AB Results are presented on a partial wave analysis of the omega eta final state produced in pi (-)p interactions at 18 GeV/e where omega --> pi (+)pi (-)pi (0), pi (0) --> 2 gamma, and eta --> 2 gamma. We observe the previously unreported decay mode omega (1650) --> omega eta and a new 1(+-) meson state h(1)(1595) with a mass M = 1594(+/-15)((+10)(-60)) MeV/c(2) and a width Gamma = 384(+/-60)((+70)(-100)) MeV/c(2). The h(1)(1595) state exhibits resonant-like phase motion relative to the omega (1650). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142284, Russia. RP Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM eugenio@ernest.phys.emu.edu RI Demianov, Andrei/E-4565-2012; Vardanyan, Irina/K-7981-2012; Gribushin, Andrei/J-4225-2012 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 497 IS 3-4 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(00)01347-2 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 393CC UT WOS:000166450800002 ER PT J AU Scoccimarro, RN Feldman, HA Fry, JN Frieman, JA AF Scoccimarro, RN Feldman, HA Fry, JN Frieman, JA TI The bispectrum of IRAS redshift catalogs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; large-scale structure of universe; methods : statistical ID 3-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; POWER-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; DARK-MATTER COSMOGONY; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; GRAVITATIONAL-INSTABILITY; LAGRANGIAN APPROACH; SKEWNESS; SPACE; BIAS; DISTORTIONS AB We compute the bispectrum for the galaxy distribution in the IRAS QDOT, 2 Jy, and 1.2 Jy redshift catalogs for wavenumbers 0.05 less than or equal to k less than or equal to 0.2 h Mpc(-1) and compare the results with predictions from gravitational instability in perturbation theory. Taking into account redshift-space distortions, nonlinear evolution, the survey selection function, and discreteness and finite-volume effects, all three catalogs show evidence for the dependence of the bispectrum on the configuration shape predicted by gravitational instability. Assuming Gaussian initial conditions and local biasing parameterized by linear and nonlinear bias parameters b(1) and b(2), a likelihood analysis yields 1/b(1) = 1.32(-0.58)(+0.36), 1.15(-0.39)(+0.39) and b(2)/b(1)(2) = -0.57-(+0.45)(0.30), -0.50(-0.51)(+0.31) for the 2 and 1.2 Jy samples, respectively. This implies that IRAS galaxies trace dark matter increasingly weakly as the density contrast increases, consistent with their being under-represented in clusters. In a model with chi (2) non-Gausian initial conditions, the bispectrum displays an amplitude and scale dependence different from that found in the Gaussian case; if IRAS galaxies do not have bias b(1) >1 at large scales, chi (2) non-Gaussian initial conditions are ruled out at the 95% confidence level. The IRAS data do not distinguish between Lagrangian and Eulerian local bias. C1 CITA, McLennan Phys Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM scoccima@ias.edu; feldman@ukans.edu; fry@ufl.edu; frieman@fnal.gov NR 44 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 2 BP 652 EP 664 DI 10.1086/318284 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 393GH UT WOS:000166460500004 ER PT J AU Brotherton, MS Tran, HD Becker, RH Gregg, MD Laurent-Muehleisen, SA White, RL AF Brotherton, MS Tran, HD Becker, RH Gregg, MD Laurent-Muehleisen, SA White, RL TI Composite spectra from the FIRST Bright Quasar Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : emission lines; quasars : general ID BROAD-ABSORPTION-LINE; RADIO-LOUD QUASARS; QSO SURVEY; EQUATORIAL FIELDS; STELLAR OBJECTS; EMISSION-LINES; CONTINUUM; GALAXIES AB We present a very high signal-to-noise ratio composite spectrum created using 657 radio-selected quasars from the FIRST Bright Quasar Survey. The spectrum spans rest-frame wavelengths 900-7500 Angstrom. Additionally, we present composite spectra formed from subsets of the total data set in order to investigate the spectral dependence on radio loudness and the presence of broad absorption lines. In particular, radio-loud quasars are red compared to radio-quiet quasars, and quasars showing low-ionization broad absorption lines are red compared to other quasars. We compare our composites with those from the Large Bright Quasar Survey. Composite quasar spectra have proved to be valuable tools for a host of applications, and in that spirit we make these publicly available via the FIRST survey web page. C1 Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave,POB 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012 NR 40 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 2 BP 775 EP 781 DI 10.1086/318309 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 393GH UT WOS:000166460500014 ER PT J AU Rice, SF Croiset, E AF Rice, SF Croiset, E TI Oxidation of simple alcohols in supercritical water III. Formation of intermediates from ethanol SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENT; CARBON-MONOXIDE; METHANE OXIDATION; REACTION-KINETICS; HYDROGEN; MODEL; DECOMPOSITION; FORMALDEHYDE; CONVERSION; MECHANISM AB Raman spectroscopy is used as an in situ diagnostic to measure the oxidation of ethanol by oxygen in supercritical water. An elementary reaction mechanism based on the work of Marinov is shown to predict accurately many of the experimental observations. Experimental measurements are reported at 24.5 MPa over a temperature range of 410-470 degreesC in supercritical water with reaction times ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 s. Concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, methanol, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide are measured as functions of time and temperature. The data show that the formaldehyde is the primary stable organic intermediate. An elementary reaction mechanism, modified for supercritical water conditions and supplemented with key methylperoxyl reactions, is used to interpret the observations. The experimental data are consistent with the purely radical chain oxidation process represented by this mechanism. Analysis of the mechanism identifies the primary oxidation pathway proceeding through acetaldehyde with oxidation routes involving initial abstraction of the hydroxyl hydrogen or a hydrogen atom from the secondary carbon. A pathway originating from H-abstraction from the methyl group of the ethanol molecule contributes to the overall conversion to a lesser degree. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rice, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS-9052,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Croiset, Eric/0000-0002-6923-5751 NR 29 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1021/ie000372g PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 390HW UT WOS:000166290500014 ER PT J AU McCabe, C Bedrov, D Smith, GD Cummings, PT AF McCabe, C Bedrov, D Smith, GD Cummings, PT TI Discriminating between correlations of experimental viscosity data for perfluorobutane using molecular simulation SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AMPHIPHILES; MONOLAYERS; DYNAMICS; FLUIDS AB As part of a long-term project aimed at examining the rheology of fluorinated compounds of industrial importance, we have in an initial study been examining the ability of different potential models to predict the viscosity of perfluoroalkanes. Here we present a comparison of the viscosity of perfluorobutane predicted by molecular dynamics simulations using two different potential models with two experimentally based correlations, one of which is used in the DIPPR database, We find that the simulation data enables us to discriminate between two sets of published correlations for the viscosity of perfluorobutane. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cummings, PT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 473 EP 475 DI 10.1021/ie000659d PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 390HW UT WOS:000166290500062 ER PT J AU Halpern, MB Wang, JE AF Halpern, MB Wang, JE TI More about all current-algebraic orbifolds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID CONFORMAL FIELD-THEORY; GENERAL VIRASORO CONSTRUCTION; PION-QUARK MODEL; CYCLIC PERMUTATIONS; LIE-ALGEBRAS; AFFINE-G; 2 FACES; STRINGS; EXTENSIONS; CHARACTERS AB Recently a construction was given for the stress tensors of all sectors of the general current-algebraic orbifold A(H)/H, where A(H) is any current-algebraic conformal field theory with a finite symmetry group H. Here we extend and further analyze this construction to obtain the mode formulation of each sector of each orbifold A(H)IH, including the twisted current algebra, the Virasoro generators, the orbifold adjoint operation and the commutator of the Virasoro generators with the modes of the twisted currents. As applications, general expressions are obtained for the twisted current-current correlator and ground state conformal weight of each twisted sector of any permutation orbifold A(H)/H, H subset of S-N. Systematics are also outlined for the orbifolds A(Lieh(H))/H of the (H and Lie h)-invariant conformal field theories, which include the general WZW orbifold and the general coset orbifold. Finally, two new large examples are worked out in further detail: the general SN permutation orbifold A(S-N)/S-N and the general inner-automorphic orbifold A(H(d))/H(d). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Halpern, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM halpern@physics.berkeley.edu; hllywd2@physics.berkeley.edu NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 97 EP 162 PG 66 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 400RL UT WOS:000166885400006 ER PT J AU Sohlberg, K Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ AF Sohlberg, K Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ TI Surface reconstruction and the difference in surface acidity between gamma- and eta-alumina SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LEWIS ACIDITY; AB-INITIO; TRANSITION ALUMINAS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CATALYTIC ALUMINAS; TOTAL-ENERGY; GAMMA-AL2O3; SITES; MODEL; NMR AB The surfaces of the gamma and eta forms of alumina are well known to differ significantly in Lewis acidity. Surface reconstructions observed on gamma- and eta -alumina are also qualitatively different, despite the close similarity of the bulk structures. Here we demonstrate through first-principles calculations that subtle differences in the bulk point defect distribution between these two forms of alumina give rise to the major differences in the mode of surface reconstruction and correlate with the different levels of Lewis acidity. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 40 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 26 EP 29 DI 10.1021/ja002095a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 389VF UT WOS:000166258800004 PM 11273597 ER PT J AU Song, WG Nicholas, JB Haw, JF AF Song, WG Nicholas, JB Haw, JF TI Acid-base chemistry of a carbenium ion in a zeolite under equilibrium conditions: Verification of a theoretical explanation of carbenium ion stability SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU NMR; SOLID-STATE NMR; CATALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; REACTOR AB The 1,3-dimethylcyclopentenyl carbenium ion (C7H11+) was reproducibly prepared on zeolite HZSM-5 using a pulse-quench reactor, and then each of a number of bases was coadsorbed into the catalyst channels to either compete with the cation for protonation or to possibly react with it as a nucleophile. For seven bases with proton affinities (PA) between 142 and 212.1 kcal/mol, there was no reaction with C7H11+ Coadsorption of smaller amounts of dimethylacetamide (PA = 217 kcal/mol) also produced no reaction, but with a higher loading, a proton was transferred from the carbenium ion to the base to leave 1,3-dimethylcyclopenta-1,3-diene in the zeolite as a neutral olefin. Deprotonation was the primary reaction with coadsorption of either pyridine (PA = 222 kcal/mol) or trimethylphosphine (PA = 229.2 kcal/mol). The estimated experimental deprotonation enthalpy for C7H11+, similar to 217 kcal/mol in the zeolite, is in excellent agreement with MP4/6-311G* gas-phase value of 215.6 kcal/mol. Coadsorption of either NH3 (PA = 204.0 kcal/mol) or PH3 (PA = 188 kcal/mol) does not deprotonate the carbenium ion, but these species do react as nucleophiles to form onium ion derivatives of C7H11+ Analogous onium complexes with pyridine or trimethylphosphine formed in lower yields due to steric constraints in the zeolite channels. The essential experimental observations were all predicted and explained by density functional calculations (B3LYP/6-311G**) and extensions of our recently developed theory of carbenium ion stability in zeolites. In addition, we report theoretical geometries for several complexes which contain unusual C-H---X hydrogen bonds. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nicholas, JB (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Univ Pk, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Song, Weiguo/D-6041-2016 OI Song, Weiguo/0000-0001-5390-6787 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1021/ja002775d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 389VF UT WOS:000166258800015 PM 11273608 ER PT J AU Qi, F Sorkhabi, O Suits, AG Chien, SH Li, WK AF Qi, F Sorkhabi, O Suits, AG Chien, SH Li, WK TI Photodissociation of ethylene sulfide at 193 nm: A photofragment translational spectroscopy study with VUV synchrotron radiation and ab initio calculations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET RESONANCE RAMAN; ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; ELECTRON-IMPACT; EXCITED-STATES; ATOMIC SULFUR; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-BEAM; TRIPLET-STATE; EXCITATION; THIIRANE AB Photodissociation of ethylene sulfide at 193 nm has been studied using photofragment translational spectroscopy and ab initio theoretical calculations. Tunable synchrotron radiation was used as a universal;out selective probe of the reaction products to reveal new aspects of the photodissociation dynamics. The channel giving S + C2H4 was found to be dominated by production of;ground-state sulfur atoms (S(P-3):S(D-1) = 1.44:1), mostly through a spin-forbidden process. The results also suggest the presence of a channel giving S(P-3) in conjunction with triplet ethylene C2H4 (B-3(tu)) and allow insight into the energy of the latter species near its equilibrium geometry, in which the two methylene groups occupy perpendicular planes, in addition, a channel leading to the production of HS with C2H2 also has been observed. Our experimental results are supported and elaborated by theoretical calculations. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Qi, F (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fqi@lbl.gov RI Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012 NR 67 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 148 EP 161 DI 10.1021/ja003314v PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 389VF UT WOS:000166258800019 PM 11273612 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Huang, QZ Lynn, JW Koo, HJ Whangbo, MH Bateman, R Otsuka, T Wada, N Argyriou, DN Miller, JS AF Manson, JL Huang, QZ Lynn, JW Koo, HJ Whangbo, MH Bateman, R Otsuka, T Wada, N Argyriou, DN Miller, JS TI Long-range magnetic order in Mn[N(CN)(2)](2)(pyz) {pyz = pyrazine} susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat, and neutron diffraction measurements and electronic structure calculations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BRIDGED COPPER(II) COMPLEXES; 1-D COORDINATION POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-BASED MAGNETS; SPIN-SPIN INTERACTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LINEAR-CHAIN; SUPEREXCHANGE MECHANISM; DICYANAMIDE; FERROMAGNETS; TEMPERATURE AB Using de magnetization, ac susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron diffraction, we have studied the magnetic properties of Mn[N(CN)(2)](2)(pyz) {pyz pyrazine} in detail. The material crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 7.3238(2), b = 16.7369(4), and c = 8.7905 (2) Angstrom, beta = 89.596 (2)degrees, V = 1077.65(7) Angstrom (3), and Z = 4, as determined by Rietveld refinement of neutron powder diffraction data at 1.35 K. The 5 K neutron powder diffraction data reflect very little variation in the crystal structure. Interpenetrating ReO3-like networks are formed from axially elongated Mn2+ octahedra and edges made up of mu -bonded [N(CN)(2)](-) anions and neutral pyz ligands. A three-dimensional antiferromagnetic ordering occurs below T-N = 2.53(2) K. The magnetic unit cell is double the nuclear one along the a- and c-axes, giving the (1/2, 0, 1/2) superstructure. The crystallographic and antiferromagnetic structures are commensurate and consist of collinear Mn2+ moments, each with a magnitude of 4.15(6) mu (B) aligned parallel to the a-direction (Mn-pyz-Mn chains). Electronic structure calculations indicate that the exchange interaction is much stronger along the Mn-pyz-Mn chain axis than along the Mn-NCNCN-Mn axes by a factor of approximately 40, giving rise to a predominantly one-dimensional magnetic system. Thus, the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data are well described by a Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain model, giving g = 2.01(1) and J/k(B) = -0.27(1) K. Owing to single-ion anisotropy of the Mn2+ ion, field-induced phenomena ascribed to spin-flop and paramagnetic transitions are observed at 0.43 and 2.83 T, respectively. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oxford Res Instruments, Abingdon OX13 5QX, Oxon, England. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Basic Sci, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 92 TC 144 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 162 EP 172 DI 10.1021/ja0024791 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 389VF UT WOS:000166258800020 PM 11273613 ER PT J AU Wang, WR Kim, R Jancarik, J Yokota, H Kim, SH AF Wang, WR Kim, R Jancarik, J Yokota, H Kim, SH TI Crystal structure of phosphoserine phosphatase from Methanococcus jannaschii, a hyperthermophile, at 1.8 angstrom resolution SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE ATPASE; RESPONSE REGULATOR PROTEIN; D-SERINE; RECEIVER DOMAIN; NMDA RECEPTORS; L-2-HALOACID DEHALOGENASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GLYCINE; SITE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB Background: D-Serine is a co-agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptors, a major neurotransmitter receptor family in mammalian nervous systems. D-Serine is converted from L-serine, 90% of which is the product of the enzyme phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP). PSP from M. jannaschii (MJ) shares significant sequence homology with human PSP. PSPs and P-type ATPases are members of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD)-like hydrolase family, and all members share three conserved sequence motifs. PSP and P-type ATPases utilize a common mechanism that involves Mg2+-dependent phosphorylation and autodephosphorylation at an aspartyl side chain in the active site. The strong resemblance in sequence and mechanism implies structural similarity among these enzymes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 12 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTES AVE,, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(00)00558-X PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 426AZ UT WOS:000168328200011 PM 11342136 ER PT J AU Raghavan, S Wang, H Porter, WD Dinwiddie, RB Mayo, MJ AF Raghavan, S Wang, H Porter, WD Dinwiddie, RB Mayo, MJ TI Thermal properties of zirconia co-doped with trivalent and pentavalent oxides SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE zirconia; thermal conductivity ID TEMPERATURE PHASE-STABILITY; BARRIER COATINGS; TETRAGONAL ZRO2; CONDUCTIVITY; YTTRIA; DIFFUSIVITY; CERAMICS AB Zirconia doped with 6-8 wt% (3.2-4.2 mol%) yttria (6-8YSZ), the most common thermal barrier coating material, relies mostly on oxygen vacancies to provide the phonon scattering necessary for low thermal conductivity. The present study examines whether specific substitutional defects-in addition to, or instead of, oxygen vacancies-can provide similar or greater reductions in conductivity. To this end a series of zirconia samples co-doped with varying levels of yttrium (trivalent) and tantalum/niobium (pentavalent) oxides were synthesized, thereby allowing oxygen vacancy and substitutional atom concentration to be varied independently. The results show that Nb-Y and Ta-Y co-doped zirconia samples containing only substitutional defects produce stable single-phase tetragonal materials with thermal conductivities very close to that of the conventional 6-8YSZ. In these samples, Nb(5+) and Td(5+) are similarly effective in lowering thermal conductivity, in contradiction to phonon scattering theories that consider primarily mass effects and thereby predict significantly greater conductivity reduction due to Ta(5+) doping than Nb(5+) doping. Finally, Nb(5+)/Ta(5+)- Y(3+) doped samples, which contain both oxygen vacancies and substitutional defects, are found not to be stable in single-phase form; however, the thermal conductivities of the two-phase tetragonal + cubic mixtures are again as low as that of the conventional 6-8YSZ. (C) 2001 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Raghavan, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sxr36@psu.edu RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 27 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 49 IS 1 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00295-0 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 397EX UT WOS:000166681300017 ER PT J AU Schneider, JM Anders, A Yushkov, GY AF Schneider, JM Anders, A Yushkov, GY TI Magnetic-field-dependent plasma composition of a pulsed aluminum arc in an oxygen ambient SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VACUUM; FILMS; STREAM AB A variety of plasma-based deposition techniques utilize magnetic fields to affect the degree of ionization as well as for focusing and guiding of plasma beams. Here we use time-of-flight charge-to-mass spectrometry to describe the effect of a magnetic field on the plasma composition of a pulsed Al plasma stream in an ambient containing intentionally introduced oxygen as well as for high vacuum conditions typical residual gas. The plasma composition evolution was found to be strongly dependent on the magnetic field strength and can be understood by invoking two electron impact ionization routes: ionization of the intentionally introduced gas as well as ionization of the residual gas. These results are characteristic of plasma-based techniques where magnetic fields are employed in a high-vacuum ambient. In effect, the impurity incorporation during reactive thin-film growth pertains to the present findings. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys, Thin Film Phys Div, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. RP Schneider, JM (reprint author), Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys, Thin Film Phys Div, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RI Schneider, Jochen/A-4701-2012; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009; Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505; Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 150 EP 152 DI 10.1063/1.1339847 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 388ZJ UT WOS:000166212700005 ER PT J AU Yan, Y Albin, D Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, Y Albin, D Al-Jassim, MM TI Do grain boundaries assist S diffusion in polycrystalline CdS/CdTe heterojunctions? SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CDTE SOLAR-CELL; SULFUR DIFFUSION; INTERFACE AB We report on a transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy study of S diffusion in polycrystalline CdS/CdTe heterojunctions. We find that grain boundaries significantly assist S diffusion in the CdTe layer when the CdTe is grown without the presence of oxygen, i.e., the S diffuses more easily along the grain boundaries than in the grains. However, grain boundaries do not enhance the S diffusion in CdTe when it is grown in the presence of oxygen. The reason is likely to be the formation of Cd-O bonds at the grain boundaries, which are resistance to the S diffusion. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 171 EP 173 DI 10.1063/1.1338969 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 388ZJ UT WOS:000166212700012 ER PT J AU Wright, AF Leung, K van Schilfgaarde, M AF Wright, AF Leung, K van Schilfgaarde, M TI Effects of biaxial strain and chemical ordering on the band gap of InGaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PHASE-SEPARATION; IN(X)GA1-XN ALLOYS; ELECTRON-GAS; ZINCBLENDE; LAYERS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GA1-XINXN; ENERGY; INN AB We have performed first-principles calculations to examine the effects of biaxial strain and chemical ordering on the band gap of wurtzite InxGa1-xN in the range 0 less than or equal tox less than or equal to0.5. Our results for random unstrained alloys are in good agreement with theoretical estimates and measurements on unstrained zinc-blende alloys, but are in poor agreement with recent measurements on strained wurtzite alloys which display significantly lower band gaps. Biaxial strain is found to have a nonlinear effect on alloy band gaps, increasing them for x <0.25 and decreasing them for x >0.25. However, the overall agreement with measurements on wurtzite alloys remains poor. Chemical ordering along the [0001] direction in strained alloys is found to decrease their band gaps considerably, reducing the discrepancy with measurements. We discuss our results with regard to the current understanding of InGaN alloys. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM afwrigh@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 189 EP 191 DI 10.1063/1.1338490 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 388ZJ UT WOS:000166212700018 ER PT J AU Laudon, M Carlson, NN Masquelier, MP Daw, MS Windl, W AF Laudon, M Carlson, NN Masquelier, MP Daw, MS Windl, W TI Multiscale modeling of stress-mediated diffusion in silicon: Ab initio to continuum SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; BORON-DIFFUSION; ACTIVATION VOLUME; SELF-DIFFUSION; STRAINED FILMS; PRESSURE; DEFECTS; DESIGN; METALS AB In this letter, we present the development of a complete methodology to simulate the effects of general anisotropic nonuniform stress on dopant diffusion in silicon. The macroscopic diffusion equation is derived from microscopic transition-state theory; the microscopic parameters are calculated from first principles; a feature-scale stress-prediction methodology based on stress measurements in the relevant materials as a function of temperature has been developed. The developed methodology, implemented in a continuum solver, is used to investigate a TiN metal gate system. A compressive stress field is predicted in the substrate, resulting in an enhancement in lateral boron diffusion. This enhancement, which our model attributes mostly to solubility effects, is in good agreement with experiment. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Motorola Inc, Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Mat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Motorola Inc, Computat Mat Grp, Austin, TX 78721 USA. RP Laudon, M (reprint author), Motorola Inc, Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Mat Grp, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Windl, Wolfgang/C-7255-2012 OI Windl, Wolfgang/0000-0001-5892-0684 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 201 EP 203 DI 10.1063/1.1336158 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 388ZJ UT WOS:000166212700022 ER PT J AU Li, JH Holy, V Zhong, Z Kulik, J Moss, SC Norman, AG Mascarenhas, A Reno, JL Follstaedt, DM AF Li, JH Holy, V Zhong, Z Kulik, J Moss, SC Norman, AG Mascarenhas, A Reno, JL Follstaedt, DM TI X-ray analysis of spontaneous lateral modulation in (InAs)(n)/(AlAs)(m) short-period superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The lateral composition modulation in (InAs)(n)/(AlAs)(m) short-period superlattices was studied by means of synchrotron x-ray diffraction. By choosing specific diffraction vectors having a large component closely parallel to the modulation direction, we are able to observe a number of lateral satellite peaks around the zero-order short-period superlattice peak. A model, incorporating both composition and strain, is used to simulate the intensities of these satellites. Our results provide a quantitative fit and permit the evaluation of the composition amplitude. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Solid State Phys, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. RP Li, JH (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010; Holy, Vaclav/E-1508-2017 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X; Holy, Vaclav/0000-0002-0370-6928 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 219 EP 221 DI 10.1063/1.1338499 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 388ZJ UT WOS:000166212700028 ER PT J AU Nogales, E Grigorieff, N AF Nogales, E Grigorieff, N TI Molecular machines: Putting the pieces together SO JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI RIBOSOME; NUCLEAR-PORE COMPLEX; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; F-ACTIN; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; II CHAPERONIN; ATOMIC MODEL C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brandeis Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, WM Keck Inst Cellular Visualizat, Rosenstiel Basic Med Res Ctr, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. RP Nogales, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, LSA 355, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 66 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0021-9525 J9 J CELL BIOL JI J. Cell Biol. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 152 IS 1 BP F1 EP F10 DI 10.1083/jcb.152.1.F1 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 391QR UT WOS:000166367100001 PM 11149934 ER PT J AU Garza, J Vargas, R Nichols, JA Dixon, DA AF Garza, J Vargas, R Nichols, JA Dixon, DA TI Orbital energy analysis with respect to LDA and self-interaction corrected exchange-only potentials SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LOCAL-SPIN-DENSITY; KOHN-SHAM ORBITALS; HARTREE-FOCK; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; INTRACAVITY ELECTRONS; STATISTICAL EXCHANGE; APPROXIMATIONS; STATES; SYSTEMS AB The self-interaction correction of Perdew and Zunger with the optimized effective potential using the Krieger-Li-Iafrate approximation is analyzed for atomic and molecular systems in the exchange-only context. Including the self-interaction correction (SIC) orbital by orbital shows that the appropriate asymptotic behavior of the exchange potential can be achieved if just the contribution of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is considered. However, if a good description of the exchange potential in the valence region is required, and consequently a good description of the HOMO energy, then all electrons of the valence shell must be taken into account. In contrast, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is described adequately if just the HOMO SIC contribution is employed. In addition, if the lowest occupied orbital is also considered in the SIC approximation, there is an improvement in the description of the exchange potential in inner regions of an atom. When all electrons in an atom or in a molecule are considered in the SIC approximation, there exists a linear relationship between their occupied orbital energies and those obtained with the local density approximation (LDA). This indicates that the SIC and LDA occupied orbital energies are related by a shift. Furthermore, for a set of atoms or molecules there is a linear relationship between HOMO energies obtained with LDA and those obtained with the SIC approximation. Using both observations, the shift between the occupied orbital energies LDA and SIC is reported. We found that this shift (obtained for the occupied orbitals) cannot be applied to the virtual orbitals, in particular to the LUMO. However, we do find an additional linear relationship between LUMO energies obtained with LDA and those obtained with the SIC approximation. The difference between the LUMO and HOMO energy (GAP) obtained with the LDA and SIC approximations is compared with that obtained with an exact local-multiplicative exchange potential and all are compared with experimental vertical excitation energies. Whereas the LDA GAP underestimates the excitation energies, the GAP obtained with the SIC approximation and with an exact local-multiplicative exchange potential overestimates this quantity. From an analysis of the exchange energy for simple molecules, and with a similar approach to the modified X-alpha method, we found a linear relationship between the SIC and Hartree-Fock (HF) methods. We show numerically that the nondiagonal terms of the exact orbital representation of the exchange energy can be approximated by the SIC approach. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Quim, Div Ciencias Basicas & Ingn, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Quim, Div Ciencias Basicas & Ingn, AP 55-534, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. RI Garza, Jorge/H-9395-2016; Garza-Olguin, Jorge/N-3106-2016; OI Garza, Jorge/0000-0003-4249-6078; Garza-Olguin, Jorge/0000-0003-4249-6078; Nichols, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5454-9726 NR 99 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 2 BP 639 EP 651 DI 10.1063/1.1327269 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 388ZM UT WOS:000166213000005 ER PT J AU Dallos, M Muller, T Lischka, H Shepard, R AF Dallos, M Muller, T Lischka, H Shepard, R TI Geometry optimization of excited valence states of formaldehyde using analytical multireference configuration interaction singles and doubles and multireference averaged quadratic coupled-cluster gradients, and the conical intersection formed by the 1 B-1(1)(sigma-pi(*)) and 2 (1)A(1)(pi-pi(*)) states SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ELECTRONIC STATES; BASIS-SETS; AB-INITIO; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; DIPOLE-MOMENTS; SPECTROSCOPY; CI; TRANSITION; ATOMS AB Extended MR-CISD (multireference configuration interaction singles and doubles), MR-CISD+Q (multireference configuration interaction singles, doubles, and quadrupole), and MR-AQCC (multireference averaged quadratic coupled clusters) calculations have been performed on the following valence states of formaldehyde: 1 (1)A(1) (planar ground state), 1 (1)A(2) and 1 (1)A(') (planar and nonplanar n-pi* state), 1 B-1(1) and 2 (1)A(1) (planar sigma-pi* and pi-pi* states) and their nonplanar counterparts 2 (1)A(') and 3 (1)A('). Full geometry optimizations have been performed using analytic gradient techniques developed for the MR-CISD and MR-AQCC methods as implemented into the COLUMBUS program system. Basis set extrapolation techniques have been used for the determination of high-accuracy geometries and adiabatic excitation energies. Harmonic vibrational frequencies have been computed also. Agreement between calculated and available experimental data is very good. Especially for the sigma-pi* and pi-pi* states experimental information is extremely scarce and our results provide reliable predictions. The major new result of our work is the finding that for the 2 (1)A(1)(pi-pi*) state the structure optimized under planarity constraints is only a saddle point and not a minimum. This fact is the result of a conical intersection between the sigma-pi* and pi-pi* states (1 B-1(1) and 2 (1)A(1)). The final result is that neither on the 2 (1)A(') nor on the 3 (1)A(') surface a stationary minimum can be assigned to the pi-pi* state. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem & Struct Biol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Theoret Chem Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lischka, H (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem & Struct Biol, Wahringerstr 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM Hans.Lischka@univie.ac.at RI Lischka, Hans/A-8802-2015 NR 59 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 2 BP 746 EP 757 DI 10.1063/1.1331107 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 388ZM UT WOS:000166213000013 ER PT J AU Wang, WD Guzei, IA Espenson, JH AF Wang, WD Guzei, IA Espenson, JH TI Structural and mechanistic studies of ore-transfer reactions of bis(arylimido)oxorhenium (VII) SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID ATOM TRANSFER-REACTIONS; OXYGEN-TRANSFER REACTIONS; MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS; MULTIPLE BONDS; PHOSPHORUS LIGANDS; TRANSITION-METALS; COMPLEXES; KINETICS; MOLYBDENUM; OXIDATION AB Kinetic, spectroscopic, and crystallographic studies have been carried out on products derived from the compound MeRe(NAr)(2)(O) (1, Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) in reactions with PRn(OR)(3-n), abbreviated PY3. This reaction yields Y3P=O and a mononuclear Re(V) compound, MeRe(NAr)(2)(PY3)(2). The molecular structures of MeRe(NAr)(2)(PMe2Ph)(2) (3a) and MeRe(NAr)(2)(dmpe)(2) (3j, dmpe 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) were determined by X-ray crystallography. In benzene solution at room temperature 3a exchanges with free PMe2Ph, based on variable-temperature H-1 and P-31 NMR data. A kinetic study of the reactions between 1 and PRn(OR)(3-n) revealed that 3 forms at a rate proportional to the concentrations of PY3 and 1. Alkoxy-containing compounds are highly reactive compared with others; for example, for P(OMe)(2)Ph and PMe2Ph, the respective values of k/L mol(-1) s(-1) at 298 K in benzene solution are 7.2 x 10(1) and 2.1 x 10(-4). The rate-enhancing effect of alkoxy groups can be found in all comparable reagents used in this work. The kinetic data were analyzed by considering sigma -bonding effects (as represented by pK(a) values), steric effects (in terms of cone angles), and composite quantities (such as the stereoelectronic parameter chi) The pi -activity of PY3 appears to play a dominant role, suggesting an intermediate, [Re]-O-PY3, the stability of which depends strongly upon the pi -acidity of PY3 and thus governs the reaction rate. This strong acceleration of reactivity by an OR group bound to phosphorus appears unprecedented. The role of competitive Lewis pi -acids appears to be predominant in these reactions. This mechanism is supported by the activation parameters: DeltaS(double dagger) is nearly invariant, whereas the variation of DeltaH(double dagger) determines the trend in reactivity. When the reaction between 1 and an insufficient quantity of P(OMe)(n)Ph3-n (n = 1-3) was carried out, the product was a Re-VII-Re-V adduct, MeRe(NAr)(2)O.MeRe(NAr)(2) (2'), suggesting a step in which the nonligated Re(V) intermediate MeRe(NAr)(2) reacts with 1, when the concentration of P(OMe)(n)Phs(3-n) does not allow its reaction with MeRe(NAr)(2). Compound 2' slowly rearranged to an isolable compound, {MeRe(NAr)(2)}(2)(mu -O) (2), which has been structurally characterized. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Espenson, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1021/om000554a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 390ZV UT WOS:000166330400022 ER PT J AU Page, PR Goldman, T Ginocchio, JN AF Page, PR Goldman, T Ginocchio, JN TI Relativistic symmetry suppresses quark spin-orbit splitting SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARK; SPECTROSCOPY; MESONS; CONFINEMENT; PSEUDOSPIN; NUCLEI AB Experimental data indicate small spin-orbit splittings in hadrons. For heavy-light mesons we identify a relativistic symmetry that suppresses these splittings. We suggest an experimental test in electron-positron annihilation. Furthermore, we argue that the dynamics necessary for this symmetry are possible in QCD. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, PR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 36 TC 152 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 2 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 389GZ UT WOS:000166231400005 PM 11177792 ER PT J AU Di Ventra, M Kim, SG Pantelides, ST Lang, ND AF Di Ventra, M Kim, SG Pantelides, ST Lang, ND TI Temperature effects on the transport properties of molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTANCE; RESISTANCE AB Recent experiments found an unusual temperature-induced large shift in the resonant-tunneling voltage of certain molecules. We report first-principles calculations showing that such behavior can be caused by the excitation of rotational modes of ligands. These modes have classical characteristics, i.e., the maximum excursion is dominant, while at the same rime they have a significant effect on the energy levels responsible for resonant tunneling. The proposed mechanism of ligand rotations is unique to molecules and accounts for the fact that the effect is not seen in semiconductor nanostructures. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Di Ventra, Massimiliano/E-1667-2011 OI Di Ventra, Massimiliano/0000-0001-9416-189X NR 19 TC 182 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 2 BP 288 EP 291 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.288 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 389GZ UT WOS:000166231400026 PM 11177813 ER PT J AU Eskildsen, MR Abrahamsen, AB Lopez, D Gammel, PL Bishop, DJ Andersen, NH Mortensen, K Canfield, PC AF Eskildsen, MR Abrahamsen, AB Lopez, D Gammel, PL Bishop, DJ Andersen, NH Mortensen, K Canfield, PC TI Flux line lattice reorientation in the borocarbide superconductors with H parallel to a SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNIAXIAL SUPERCONDUCTORS; ERNI2B2C; LU(NI1-XCOX)(2)B2C; COEXISTENCE; TRANSITIONS; MAGNETISM; YNI2B2C AB Small angle neutron scattering studies of the flux line lattice in LuNi2B2C and ErNi2B2C induced by a held parallel to the a axis reveal a first order flux Line lattice reorientation transition. Below the transition the Bur line lattice nearest neighbor direction is parallel to the b axis, and above the transition it is parallel to the c axis. This transition cannot be explained using nonlocal corrections to the London model. In addition, the anisotropy of the penetration depth lambda and the coherence length xi change at the transition. C1 Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Eskildsen, MR (reprint author), Univ Geneva, DPMC, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RI Mortensen, Kell/A-5066-2009; Eskildsen, Morten/E-7779-2011; Andersen, Niels/A-3872-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Mortensen, Kell/0000-0002-8998-9390; NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 2 BP 320 EP 323 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.320 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 389GZ UT WOS:000166231400034 PM 11177821 ER PT J AU Schafer, W Lovenich, R Fromer, NA Chemla, DS AF Schafer, W Lovenich, R Fromer, NA Chemla, DS TI From coherently excited highly correlated states to incoherent relaxation processes in semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COULOMB SCATTERING; DENSITY-MATRICES; QUANTUM-WELLS; DYNAMICS; HIERARCHY; EQUATIONS; SIGNALS; OPTICS; GAAS AB Recent theories of highly excited semiconductors are based on two formalisms, referring to complementary experimental conditions, the real-time nonequilibrium Green's function techniques and the coherently controlled truncation of the many-particle problem. We present a novel many-particle theory containing both of these methods as limiting cases. As a first example of its application, we investigate four-particle correlations in a strong magnetic field including dephasing resulting from the: growth of incoherent one-particle distribution functions. Our results are the first rigorous solution concerning formation and decay of four-particle correlations in semiconductors. They are in excellent agreement with experimental data. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, John von Neumann Inst Comp, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schafer, W (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, John von Neumann Inst Comp, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 2 BP 344 EP 347 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.344 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 389GZ UT WOS:000166231400040 PM 11177827 ER PT J AU Mortveit, HS Reidys, CM AF Mortveit, HS Reidys, CM TI Discrete, sequential dynamical systems SO DISCRETE MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE sequential dynamical system; orderings; symmetries; graph automorphisms ID RANDOM GRAPHS AB We study a class of discrete dynamical systems that consists of the following data: (a) a finite loop-free graph Y with vertex set {1,...,n} where each vertex has a binary state, (b) a vertex labeled multi-set of functions (Fi,Y : F-2(n) --> F-2(n))(i) and (c) a permutation pi epsilon S-n. The function F-i,F-Y updates the state of vertex i as a function of the states of vertex i and its Y-neighbors and leaves the states of all other vertices fixed. The permutation n represents a Y-vertex ordering according to which the functions F-i,F-Y are applied. By composing the functions F-i,F-Y in the order given by n we obtain the dynamical system [J(Y), pi] = Pi (n)(i=l) F-pi (i),F-Y : F-2(n) --> F-2(n), which we refer to as a sequential dynamical system (SDS). PLmong various basic results on SDS we will study their invertibility and analyze the set \{[J(Y),n]\ \pi epsilon S-n}\ for fixed Y and (F-i,F-Y)(i). Finally, we give an estimate for the number of non-isomorphic digraphs Gamma [J(Y), pi] (having vertex sets F-2(n) and directed edges {(x, [J(Y), pi](x)) \x delta F-2(n)}) for a fixed graph Y and a fixed multi-set (F-i,F-Y)(i). (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, TSA, DO SA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math Sci, N-7091 Trondheim, Norway. RP Mortveit, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, TSA, DO SA, Mailstop TA-0,SM-1237,MS M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-365X J9 DISCRETE MATH JI Discret. Math. PD JAN 6 PY 2001 VL 226 IS 1-3 BP 281 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0012-365X(00)00115-1 PG 15 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 389NR UT WOS:000166245100018 ER PT J AU Robblee, JH Cinco, RM Yachandra, VK AF Robblee, JH Cinco, RM Yachandra, VK TI X-ray spectroscopy-based structure of the Mn cluster and mechanism of photosynthetic oxygen evolution SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Review DE photosystem II; oxygen evolving complex; extended X-ray absorption fine structure; X-ray absorption near-edge structure; electron paramagnetic resonance; S-states; oxygen evolution; X-ray emission spectroscopy ID EVOLVING PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; MANGANESE O2-EVOLVING COMPLEX; SUBSTRATE WATER MOLECULE; EPR MULTILINE SIGNAL; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; O-2-EVOLVING COMPLEX; CALCIUM DEPLETION; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS AB The mechanism by which the Mn-containing oxygen evolving complex (OEC) produces oxygen from water has been of great interest for over 40 years. This review focuses on how X-ray spectroscopy has provided important information about the structure of this Mn complex and its intermediates, or S-states, in the water oxidation cycle. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy and high-resolution Mn K beta X-ray emission spectroscopy experiments have identified the oxidation states of the Mn in the OEC in each of the intermediate S-states, while extended X-ray absorption fine structure experiments have shown that 2.7 Angstrom Mn-Mn di-mu -oxo and 3.3 Angstrom Mn-Mn mono-CL-oxo motifs are present in the OEC. X-ray spectroscopy has also been used to probe the two essential cofactors in the OEC, Ca2+ and Cl-, and has shown that Ca2+ is an integral component of the OEC and is proximal to Mn. In addition, dichroism studies on oriented PS II membranes have provided angular information about the Mn-Mn and Mn-Ca vectors. Based on these X-ray spectroscopy data, refined models for the structure of the OEC and a mechanism for oxygen evolution by the OEC are presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Melvin Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yachandra, VK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Melvin Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM055302, R56 GM055302, GM 55302] NR 115 TC 160 Z9 162 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PD JAN 5 PY 2001 VL 1503 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0005-2728(00)00217-6 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 388JJ UT WOS:000166177100003 PM 11115621 ER PT J AU Yousef, GM Scorilas, A Jung, K Ashworth, LK Diamandis, EP AF Yousef, GM Scorilas, A Jung, K Ashworth, LK Diamandis, EP TI Molecular cloning of the human kallikrein 15 gene (KLK15) - Up-regulation in prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORNEUM CHYMOTRYPTIC ENZYME; HUMAN GLANDULAR KALLIKREIN; SERINE-PROTEASE; MESSENGER-RNA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; HUMAN NEUROPSIN; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN; BREAST; IDENTIFICATION AB Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases with diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis. By using molecular cloning techniques, we identified a new human kallikrein gene, tentatively named KLK15 (for Kallikrein 15 gene). This new gene maps to chromosome 19q13.4 and is located between the KLK1 and KLK3 genes. KLK15 is formed of five coding exons and four introns, and shows structural similarity to other kallikreins and kallikrein-like genes. KLK15 has three alternatively spliced forms and is primarily expressed in the thyroid gland and to a lower extent in the prostate, salivary, and adrenal glands and in the colon testis and kidney. Our preliminary results indicate that the expression of KLK15 is up-regulated by steroid hormones in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. The KLK15 gene is also up-regulated, at the mRNA level, in prostate cancer in comparison to normal prostatic tissue. KLK15 up-regulation was found to be associated with more aggressive forms of prostate cancer. This newly discovered gene has the potential of being used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker for prostate cancer. C1 Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada. Humboldt Univ, Univ Hosp Berlin, Charite, Dept Urol, D-10048 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Diamandis, EP (reprint author), Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 600 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. OI Diamandis, Eleftherios/0000-0002-1589-820X NR 55 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 5 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 390DP UT WOS:000166280700009 PM 11010966 ER PT J AU Gotmar, G Fornstedt, T Andersson, M Guiochon, G AF Gotmar, G Fornstedt, T Andersson, M Guiochon, G TI Influence of the solute hydrophobicity on the enantioselective adsorption of beta-blockers on a cellulase protein used as the chiral selector SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE hydrophobicity; enantiomer separation; adsorption isotherms; chiral stationary phases, LC; immobilized proteins; beta-blockers; alprenolol; propranolol; metoprolol ID HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; CBH-I-SILICA; CHROMATOGRAPHIC BAND PROFILES; STATIONARY-PHASE; PROPRANOLOL ENANTIOMERS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALPHA-1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN; STEREOCHEMICAL RESOLUTION; AMINO-ACIDS; SEPARATION AB Adsorption isotherm data were acquired at different eluent pH values for the enantiomers of several P-blockers on cellobiohydrolase I on silica gel. They fit well to the biLangmuir model, allowing the determination of the equilibrium constants and the monolayer capacities for chiral and nonselective adsorption. The adsorption of the S-enantiomers (eluted second) is exothermic at low pH, endothermic at high pH, and athermal in a narrow pH range depending on the P-blocker. This transition pH range is lower for S-alprenolol than for the more hydrophobic S-propranolol, although their endothermic adsorption originates from hydrophobic interactions. This surprising observation is explained by the relative values of the isotherm coefficients. S-Alprenolol seems to have a more pronounced endothermic behavior than S-propranolol because the nonselective interactions of both compounds with the stationary phase are exothermic but their contribution to retention, relative to that of the endothermic chiral interactions, is less important for alprenolol. The order of increasing energy of the chiral interactions is the same as that of hydrophobicity, propranolol > alprenolol > metoprolol. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. BMC, Dept Pharm, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 5 PY 2001 VL 905 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00971-7 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 391DV UT WOS:000166339600002 PM 11206798 ER PT J AU Yeo, IH Johnson, DC AF Yeo, IH Johnson, DC TI Electrochemical response of small organic molecules at nickel-copper alloy electrodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glycine; cysteine; glucose; anodic response; Ni-Cu alloy electrodes; voltammetry; chronoamperometry; rotated electrodes ID POTENTIAL AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMINO-ACIDS; ALKALINE-SOLUTION; OXIDATION; SYSTEMS AB Voltammetric and chronoamperometric response characteristics are summarized for glucose, cysteine and glycine over the potential range 0.00-0.70 V versus SCE at Ni-Cu alloy electrodes in 0.10 M NaOH. The response observed for all NixCu100-x electrodes tested (x = 10, 25, 50, 75) is concluded to involve a redox-mediated mechanism. It is also observed that the overpotential for O-2 evolution increases as a function of increasing x value in the alloy electrodes. Among the alloys tested, the Ni,,Cu,, electrode yields a significantly higher response for glucose and glycine than that observed for Cu and Ni electrodes. However, the response for cysteine at the Ni10Cu90 electrode is similar to that observed at the Cu electrode. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, 3751 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 28 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD JAN 5 PY 2001 VL 495 IS 2 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00401-0 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 393VZ UT WOS:000166491500005 ER PT J AU Sasaki, DY Singh, S Cox, JD Pohl, PI AF Sasaki, DY Singh, S Cox, JD Pohl, PI TI Fluorescence detection of nitrogen dioxide with perylene/PMMA thin films SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE nitrogen dioxide; optical sensor; fluorescence; perylene; nitroperylene ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; PHTHALOCYANINE; SENSOR; NO2; MOLECULES AB Thin films of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) doped with perylene provide selective, robust and easily prepared optical sensor films for NO2 gas with suitable response times for materials aging applications. The materials are readily formed as 200 nm thin spin cast films on glass from chlorobenzene solution. The fluorescence emission of the films (lambda (max) = 442 nm) is quenched upon exposure to NO2 gas through an irreversible reaction forming non-fluorescent nitroperylene. Infrared, UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopies confirmed the presence of the nitro adduct in the films. In other atmospheres examined, such as air and 1000 ppm concentrations of SO2, CO, Cl-2 and NH3, the films exhibited no loss of fluorescence intensity over a period of days to weeks. Response curves were obtained for 1000. 100 and 10 ppm NO? at room temperature with equilibration times varying from hours to weeks. The response curves were fit using a numerical solution to the coupled diffusion and a nonlinear chemical reaction problem assuming that the situation is reaction limiting. The forward reaction constant fitted to experimental data was k(f) similar to 0.06 (ppm min)(-1). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interface Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sasaki, DY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interface Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 8 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JAN 5 PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00632-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 391EF UT WOS:000166340600007 ER PT J AU Jin, Z Su, YX Duan, YX AF Jin, Z Su, YX Duan, YX TI Development of a polyaniline-based optical ammonia sensor SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE optical sensor; polyaniline; ammonia ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; POLYPYRROLE FILMS; THIN-FILMS; GAS AB A polyaniline film was deposited on polyethylene surface by chemical oxidation of aniline monomer at room temperature. The ammonia gas sensing capabilities of the polyaniline film were studied using absorption spectroscopy method. A significant change was observed in the absorption spectra of the film after it was exposed to ammonia gas. The optical ammonia gas sensors have a response time of less than 15 s and a fast regeneration time of less than 2 min at room temperature. The sensors have a detection limit of 1 ppm (v/v) for ammonia. with a linear dynamic range from 180 to 18 000 ppm. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duan, YX (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, CST-9,MS K-484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 7 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JAN 5 PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00636-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 391EF UT WOS:000166340600011 ER PT J AU Knill, E Laflamme, R Milburn, GJ AF Knill, E Laflamme, R Milburn, GJ TI A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PODOLSKY-ROSEN CHANNELS; EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; ERROR-CORRECTION; TELEPORTATION; STATE; ENTANGLEMENT; ALGORITHMS; CODES AB Quantum computers promise to increase greatly the efficiency of solving problems such as factoring large integers, combinatorial optimization and quantum physics simulation. One of the greatest challenges now is to implement the basic quantum-computational elements in a physical system and to demonstrate that they can be reliably and scalably controlled. One of the earliest proposals for quantum computation is based on implementing a quantum bit with two optical modes containing one photon. The proposal is appealing because of the ease with which photon interference can be observed. Until now, it suffered from the requirement for non-linear couplings between optical modes containing few photons. Here we show that efficient quantum computation is possible using only beam splitters, phase shifters, single photon sources and photo-detectors. Our methods exploit feedback from photo-detectors and are robust against errors from photon loss and detector inefficiency. The basic elements are accessible to experimental investigation with current technology. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Queensland, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. RP Knill, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM knill@lanl.gov RI MIlburn, Gerard/B-6381-2008 OI MIlburn, Gerard/0000-0002-5404-9681 NR 45 TC 2832 Z9 2877 U1 55 U2 350 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 4 PY 2001 VL 409 IS 6816 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1038/35051009 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 388HT UT WOS:000166175600033 PM 11343107 ER PT J AU Zhang, PH Crespi, VH Chang, E Louie, SG Cohen, ML AF Zhang, PH Crespi, VH Chang, E Louie, SG Cohen, ML TI Computational design of direct-bandgap semiconductors that lattice-match silicon SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS; GROWTH; HETEROSTRUCTURES; GAPS AB Crystalline silicon is an indirect-bandgap semiconductor, making it an inefficient emitter of light. The successful integration of silicon-based electronics with optical components will therefore require optically active (for example, direct-bandgap) materials that can be grown on silicon with high-quality interfaces. For well ordered materials, this effectively translates into the requirement that such materials lattice-match silicon: lattice mismatch generally causes cracks and poor interface properties once the mismatched overlayer exceeds a very thin critical thickness. But no direct-bandgap semiconductor has yet been produced that can lattice-match silicon, and previously suggested structures(1) pose formidable challenges for synthesis. Much recent work has therefore focused on introducing compliant transition layers between the mismatched components(2-4). Here we propose a more direct solution to integrating silicon electronics with optical components. We have computationally designed two hypothetical direct-bandgap semiconductor alloys, the synthesis of which should be possible through the deposition of specific group-IV precursor molecules(5,6) and which lattice-match silicon to 0.5-1% along lattice planes with low Miller indices. The calculated bandgaps (and hence the frequency of emitted light) lie in the window of minimal absorption in current optical fibres. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Crespi, VH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Zhang, Peihong/D-2787-2012; OI Crespi, Vincent/0000-0003-3846-3193 NR 19 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 19 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 4 PY 2001 VL 409 IS 6816 BP 69 EP 71 DI 10.1038/35051054 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 388HT UT WOS:000166175600039 PM 11343113 ER PT J AU Falkenstein, Z Hakovirta, M Nastasi, M AF Falkenstein, Z Hakovirta, M Nastasi, M TI Oxide removal from copper by using argon and fluorocarbon plasma treatment SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE plasma processing and deposition; etching; sputtering; oxidation ID SOURCE ION-IMPLANTATION; SURFACE; CARBON; OXYGEN; FILMS AB Oxidized copper was treated with an inductively coupled argon plasma or pulsed glow discharge (PGD) fluorocarbon plasma. In both cases the Cu substrate was biased to a negative voltage of 4 kV to promote sputtering and etching of the oxide layer. In the case of argon sputtering, spectrophotometer data were taken in situ to evaluate the oxide removal as a function of time. In addition, the amount of oxide was measured before and after the argon sputtering and C2F6 etching using resonance Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The spectrophotometer data showed saturation of the oxide removal process after 2 h of argon sputtering. From the resonance RES measurements the oxide on the surface of copper was found to drop by 70% after 2 h of argon plasma sputtering and 90% after 2 h of C2F6 plasma etching. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hakovirta, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 2 PY 2001 VL 381 IS 1 BP 84 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01537-6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 393KM UT WOS:000166467800014 ER PT B AU Keahey, K Fasel, P Mniszewski, S AF Keahey, K Fasel, P Mniszewski, S GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI PAWS: Collective interactions and data transfers SO 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY AUG 07-09, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Processing, Univ Arizona, Microsoft, NASA Ames Res Ctr, IBM, Argonne Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab AB In this paper we discuss problems and solutions pertaining to the interaction of components representing parallel applications. We introduce the notion of a collective port which is an extension of the Common Component Architecture (CCA) ports and allows collective components representing parallel applications to interact as one entity. We further describe a class of translation components, which translate between the distributed data format used by one parallel implementation to that used by another, A well known example of such components is the MxN component which translates between data distributed on ill processors to data distributed on N processors. We describe its implementation in Parallel Application Work Space (PAWS), as well as the data structures PAWS uses to support it. We also present a mechanism allowing the frame work to invoke this component on the programmer's behalf whenever such translation is necessary, freeing the programmer from treating collective component interactions as a special case. In doing that we introduce framework-based, user-defined distributed type casts. Finally, we discuss our initial experiments in building optimized complex translation components out of atomic functionalities. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM keahey@mcs.anl.gov; pkf@lanl.gov; smm@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1296-8 PY 2001 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1109/HPDC.2001.945175 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT53X UT WOS:000173292600005 ER PT B AU Terekhov, I Pordes, R White, V Lueking, L Carpenter, L Schellman, H Trumbo, J Veseli, S Vranicar, M White, S AF Terekhov, I Pordes, R White, V Lueking, L Carpenter, L Schellman, H Trumbo, J Veseli, S Vranicar, M White, S GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Distributed data access and resource management in the D0 SAM system SO 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY AUG 07-09, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Processing, Univ Arizona, Microsoft, NASA Ames Res Ctr, IBM, Argonne Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab AB SAM (Sequential Access through Meta-data) is the data access and job management system for the DO high energy physics experiment at Fermilab. The SAM system is being developed and used to handle the Petabyte-scale experiment data, accessed by, hundreds of DO collaborators scattered around the world. In this paper, we present solutions to some of the distributed data processing problems from the perspective of real experience dealing with mission-critical data, We concentrate on the distributed disk caching, resource management and job control. The system has elements of the Grid Computing and has features applicable to data -intensive computing in general. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Terekhov, I (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1296-8 PY 2001 BP 87 EP 92 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT53X UT WOS:000173292600009 ER PT B AU Novotny, J Tuecke, S Welch, V AF Novotny, J Tuecke, S Welch, V GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI An online credential repository for the Grid: MyProxy SO 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY AUG 07-09, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Processing, Univ Arizona, Microsoft, NASA Ames Res Ctr, IBM, Argonne Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab ID INFRASTRUCTURE AB Grid Portals, based on standard Web technologies, are increasingly used to provide user interfaces for Computational and Data Grids. However such Grid Portals do not integrate cleanly with existing Grid security systems such as the Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI), due to lack of delegation capabilities in Web security mechanisms. We solve this problem using an online credentials repository system, called MyProxy. MyProxy allows Grid Portals to use the GSI to interact with Grid resources in a standard, secure manner. We examine the requirements of Grid Portals, give an overview of the GSI, and demonstrate how MyProxy enables them to function together The architecture and security of the MyProxy system are described in detail. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Novotny, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Khan, Mohammad Rezwan/E-1422-2011 OI Khan, Mohammad Rezwan/0000-0002-1532-0598 NR 12 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1296-8 PY 2001 BP 104 EP 111 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT53X UT WOS:000173292600011 ER PT B AU Weigle, E Feng, WC AF Weigle, E Feng, WC GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI A case for TCP Vegas in high-performance computational grids SO 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY AUG 07-09, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Processing, Univ Arizona, Microsoft, NASA Ames Res Ctr, IBM, Argonne Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE computational grid; distributed computing; networking; TCP; Reno; Vegas AB Computational grids such as the Information Power Grid [1], Particle Physics Data Grid [2], and Earth System Grid [3] depend on TCP to provide reliable communication between nodes across a wide-area network (WAN). Of the available TCP implementations, TCP Reno and its variants are the most widely deployed; however; Reno's performance in computational grids is mediocre at best. Due to conflicting results in the evaluation of TCP implementations [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13], we present a detailed simulation study that unifies the conflicting results and demonstrates the limitations of earlier work. We focus on the two most debated versions of TCP - Reno and Vegas. Using real traffic distributions, we show that Vegas performs well over modern high-performance links and better than Reno with the proper selection of the Vegas parameters a and. Our results exhibit ways to significantly enhance the performance of distributed computational grids that rely, on TCP. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res & Dev Adv Network Technol, RADIANT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Weigle, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res & Dev Adv Network Technol, RADIANT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1296-8 PY 2001 BP 158 EP 167 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT53X UT WOS:000173292600016 ER PT B AU Schuchardt, K Myers, J Stephan, E AF Schuchardt, K Myers, J Stephan, E GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Open data management solutions for problem solving environments: Application of distributed authoring and versioning to the Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment SO 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY AUG 07-09, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Processing, Univ Arizona, Microsoft, NASA Ames Res Ctr, IBM, Argonne Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE metadata; problem solving environments; scientific data management; self-describing dynamic schemas; WebDAV protocol; XML AB Next-generation problem solving environments (PSEs) promise significant advances over those now available. They, will span scientific disciplines and incorporate collaboration capabilities. They will host feature-detection and other agents, allow data mining and pedigree tracking, and provide access from a wide range of devices. Fundamental changes in PSE architecture are required to realize these and other PSE goals. This paper focuses specifically on issues related to data management and recommends an approach based on open, metadata-driven repositories with loosely defined, dynamic schemas. Benefits of this approach are discussed and the redesign of the Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment's (Ecce) data storage architecture to use such a repository is described, based on the distributed authoring and versioning (DAV) standard. The suitability of DAV for scientific data, the mapping of the Ecce schema to DAV, and promising initial results are presented. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schuchardt, K (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Stephan, Eric/0000-0002-8155-6806; Myers, James/0000-0001-8462-650X NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1296-8 PY 2001 BP 228 EP 238 DI 10.1109/HPDC.2001.945192 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT53X UT WOS:000173292600022 ER PT B AU Tierney, BL Gunter, D Lee, J Stoufer, M Evans, JB AF Tierney, BL Gunter, D Lee, J Stoufer, M Evans, JB GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Enabling network-aware applications SO 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY AUG 07-09, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Processing, Univ Arizona, Microsoft, NASA Ames Res Ctr, IBM, Argonne Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab AB Many high performance distributed applications use only a small fraction of their available bandwidth. A common cause of this problem is not a flaw in the application design, but rather improperly tuned network settings. Proper tuning techniques, such as setting the correct TCP buffers and using parallel streams, are well known in the net-working community, but outside the networking community they are infrequently applied. In this paper, we describe a service that makes the task of network tuning trivial for application developers and users. Widespread use of this service should virtually eliminate a common stumbling block for high performance distributed applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Comp Sci Directorate, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tierney, BL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Comp Sci Directorate, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1296-8 PY 2001 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1109/HPDC.2001.945196 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT53X UT WOS:000173292600026 ER PT B AU Jin, GJ Yang, G Crowley, BR Agarwal, DA AF Jin, GJ Yang, G Crowley, BR Agarwal, DA GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Network characterization service (NCS) SO 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY AUG 07-09, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Processing, Univ Arizona, Microsoft, NASA Ames Res Ctr, IBM, Argonne Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab AB Distributed applications require information to effectively utilize the network. Some of the information they require is the current and maximum bandwidth, current and minimum latency, bottlenecks, burst frequency, and congestion extent. This type of information allows applications to determine parameters like optimal TCP buffer size. In this paper, we present a cooperative information-gathering tool called the network characterization service (NCS). NCS runs in user space and is used to acquire net-work information. Its protocol is designed for scalable and distributed deployment, similar to DNS. Its algorithms provide efficient, speedy and accurate detection of bottlenecks, especially dynamic bottlenecks. On current and future networks, dynamic bottlenecks do and will affect network performance dramatically. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Distributed Syst Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jin, GJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Distributed Syst Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1296-8 PY 2001 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1109/HPDC.2001.945197 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT53X UT WOS:000173292600027 ER PT B AU Toonen, B Ashton, D Lusk, E Foster, I Gropp, W Gabriel, E Butler, R Karonis, N AF Toonen, B Ashton, D Lusk, E Foster, I Gropp, W Gabriel, E Butler, R Karonis, N GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Interfacing parallel jobs to process managers SO 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY AUG 07-09, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Processing, Univ Arizona, Microsoft, NASA Ames Res Ctr, IBM, Argonne Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab ID MPI C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM toonen@mcs.anl.gov; ashton@mcs.anl.gov; lusk@mcs.anl.gov; foster@mcs.anl.gov; gropp@mcs.anl.gov; gabriel@hlrs.de; rbutler@mtsu.edu; karonis@cs.niu.edu OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1296-8 PY 2001 BP 431 EP 432 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT53X UT WOS:000173292600042 ER PT B AU Johnston, WE Jackson, KR Talwar, S AF Johnston, WE Jackson, KR Talwar, S GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Overview of security considerations for computational and data Grids SO 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY AUG 07-09, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Processing, Univ Arizona, Microsoft, NASA Ames Res Ctr, IBM, Argonne Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab AB Large-scale science and engineering is frequently done through the interaction of collaborating groups, heterogeneous computing resources, information systems, and instruments, all of which are geographically and organizationally dispersed. The overall motivation for "Grids" is to enable the routine interactions of these resources to enhance this type of large-scale science and engineering, and thus substantially increase the computing and data handling capabilities available to science and engineering projects. However, even if this environment works in every other way, it will not be viable if it is constantly disrupted by hackers and their kin. Distributed applications are potentially more vulnerable than conventional scientific problem solving environments because there are substantially more targets to attack in order to impact a single application. Much of the overall security of Grids is inherited from the security of the underlying systems. There are, however, some security considerations at the Grid level that are independent of the underlying systems, and we focus on this later aspect. C1 NASA Ames Res Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Johnston, WE (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1296-8 PY 2001 BP 439 EP 440 DI 10.1109/HPDC.2001.945216 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT53X UT WOS:000173292600046 ER PT B AU Barnard, JC Liljegren, JC Min, QL Doran, JC AF Barnard, JC Liljegren, JC Min, QL Doran, JC GP AMS AMS TI The use of rotating shadowband radiometers and microwave radiometers to obtain cloud properties in arctic environments SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; SOLAR-RADIATION C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Barnard, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400037 ER PT B AU Liljegren, JC Lesht, BM Kato, S Clothiaux, EE AF Liljegren, JC Lesht, BM Kato, S Clothiaux, EE GP AMS AMS TI Initial evaluation of profiles of temperature, water vapor and cloud liquid water from a new microwave radiometer SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; APPROXIMATION; ATMOSPHERES; MODEL C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liljegren, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400070 ER PT B AU Parker, MJ Garrett, AJ AF Parker, MJ Garrett, AJ GP AMS AMS TI Ground-truth surface water and paved surface temperature measurements for DOE's MTI satellite SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Parker, MJ (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Bldg 735-7A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 349 EP 349 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400079 ER PT B AU Buckley, RL Parker, MJ Shea, D AF Buckley, RL Parker, MJ Shea, D GP AMS AMS TI Soil moisture measurements and their applications at the Savannah river site SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Buckley, RL (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Bldg 773A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 350 EP 355 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400080 ER PT B AU Bradley, PA AF Bradley, PA BE Provencal, JL Shipman, HL MacDonald, J Goodchild, S TI The structure of the ZZ Ceti stars L 19-2 and GD 165 SO 12TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON WHITE DWARF STARS, PROCEEDINGS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Conference on White Dwarf Stars CY JUN 12-16, 2000 CL UNIV DELAWARE, NEWARK, DE HO UNIV DELAWARE ID THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; EARTH TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; WHITE-DWARFS; MASS AB We infer the structure of the ZZ Ceti stars L 19-2 and GD 165 by comparing the observed periods with periods predicted from an extensive grid of evolutionary white dwarf models. The observed period structure of these two stars is similar, and the models for both stars have a helium layer mass of about 10(-2)M(star) and a hydrogen layer mass of about 10(-4)M(star). The core of these models is 20:80 C/O that extends to 0.60 to 0.65M(star) with a linear ramp to pure carbon by 0.90M(star). The differences in the observed effective temperature, log g, and periods imply different stellar masses for these two stars. L 19-2 has a favored stellar mass of 0.72M(circle dot) and GD 165 has a favored stellar mass range of 0.65 to 0.68M(star). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, X2, MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradley, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X2, MS B220, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-058-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 226 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS48U UT WOS:000170040900054 ER PT B AU Kim, JW Miller, NL Kim, TK Aritt, RW Gutowski, WJ Pan, ZT Takle, ES AF Kim, JW Miller, NL Kim, TK Aritt, RW Gutowski, WJ Pan, ZT Takle, ES GP AMS AMS TI Downscaled climate change scenario for the western US using MAS-SPS model nested within the HadCM2 scenario SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SIMULATION C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kim, JW (reprint author), LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Rd,90-1116, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 76 EP 79 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900024 ER PT B AU Kaiser, DP AF Kaiser, DP GP AMS AMS TI Assessing observed temperature and cloud, amount trends for China over the last half of the twentieth century: What can the sunshine duration record tell us? SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID URBAN C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kaiser, DP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS-6335, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 283 EP 284 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900087 ER PT S AU Kelley, SS Wang, XM Khan, N Allred, RE Gosau, JM AF Kelley, SS Wang, XM Khan, N Allred, RE Gosau, JM BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Production of phenolic resins from oils produced by recycling thermoset composites SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE environmental/recycling/pollution prevention; phenol-formaldehyde (PF); composite materials AB An effective recycling technology for fiber-reinforced composites will increase their use in many applications while decreasing the environmental burden associated with their disposal. Recycling technologies that allow for the recovery of the fibers are of particular interest, especially in the case of valuable carbon fibers. Adherent Technologies, Inc. has developed a chemical recycling technology that allows for the recovery of the carbon fibers and also produces a phenolic oil mixture that can be used for the formulation of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins. The goal of this study was to use well-defined phenolic model compounds to study the gelation process for complex mixtures of phenolics. The model compound work follows the simple statistical approaches developed by Flory and Stockmayer. These phenolic model compounds simulate the behavior of the complex products obtained from the recycling of thermoset composites. These results show that these complex phenolics will be incorporated into the PF polymer network and that high performance networks can be produced. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kelley, SS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 193 EP 202 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800018 ER PT S AU Roach, D AF Roach, D BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Commercial application of composite doublers for DC-10 fuselage repairs SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn AB The number of commercial airframes exceeding twenty years of service continues to grow. A typical aircraft can experience over 2,000 fatigue cycles (cabin pressurizations) and even greater flight hours in a single year. An unavoidable by-product of aircraft use is that crack and corrosion flaws develop throughout the aircraffs skin and substructure elements. Economic barriers to the purchase of new aircraft have created an aging aircraft fleet and placed even greater demands on efficient and safe repair methods. The use of bonded composite doublers offers the airframe manufacturers and aircraft maintenance facilities a cost effective method to safely extend the lives of their aircraft. Instead of riveting multiple steel or aluminum plates to facilitate an aircraft repair, it is now possible to bond a single Boron-Epoxy composite doubler to the damaged structure. The FAA's Airworthiness Assurance Center at Sandia National Labs (AANC) is conducting a program with Boeing and Federal Express to validate and introduce composite doubler repair technology to the U.S. commercial aircraft industry. This project focuses on repair of DC-10 structure and builds on the foundation of the successful L-1011 door corner repair that was completed by the AANC, Lockheed-Martin, and Delta Air Lines. The L-1011 composite doubler repair was installed in 1997 and has not developed any flaws in over three years of service. As a follow-on effort, this DC-10 repair program investigated design, analysis, performance (durability, Raw containment, reliability), installation, and nondestructive inspection issues. Current activities are demonstrating regular use of composite doubler repairs on commercial aircraft. The primary goal of this program is to move the technology into niche applications, and to streamline the design-to-installation process. Using the data accumulated to date, the team has designed and analyzed repairs and developed inspection techniques for an array of composite. doubler repairs with high-use fuselage skin applications. The general DC-10 repair areas which provide a high payoff to FedEx and which minimize design and installation complexities have been identified as follows: 1) gouges, dents, lightning strike, and impact skin damage, and 2) corrosion grind outs in surface skin. This paper presents the engineering activities that have been completed in order to make this technology available for widespread commercial aircraft use. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, FAA Airworthiness Assurance Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roach, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, FAA Airworthiness Assurance Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 1160 EP 1173 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800102 ER PT S AU Giunta, RK Kent, MS Hall, J Emerson, JA Woerdeman, DL AF Giunta, RK Kent, MS Hall, J Emerson, JA Woerdeman, DL BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Methods to fabricate strong micron-thick bondlines for microsystems SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE epoxy; contact mechanics; dewetting ID POLYMER-FILMS; JKR; ADHESION AB As electronic and optical components reach the micro- and nano-scales, efficient assembly and packaging requires using adhesive bonds. Several fundamental issues are unresolved in the transition from macro- to micro- to nano- bonding. A primary issue is monitoring the surface properties of parts to be bonded. At sub-millimeter scales, traditional means of evaluating surface energy cannot be applied. Here, contact mechanics is used to evaluate surface properties of mum-scale parts. Another issue is that as bondline thicknesses decrease, knowledge of the stability and dewetting dynamics of thin adhesive films is important for obtaining robust, void-free adhesive bonds. While researchers have studied dewetting dynamics of thin films of model, non-polar polymers, little experimental work has been done regarding the dewetting dynamics of thin adhesive films that exhibit more complex, short-range interactions. In resolving these adhesive-bonding issues, significantly smaller devices can be designed and fabricated, and the manufacturability and reliability of these devices will increase. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Giunta, RK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 1498 EP 1505 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800134 ER PT S AU DeTeresa, SJ Allison, LM Freeman, DC Groves, SE AF DeTeresa, SJ Allison, LM Freeman, DC Groves, SE BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Matrix-dominated performance of thick-section fiber composites for flywheel applications SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE applications-flywheel; failure criteria/mechanisms; fatigue ID INSULATION AB An Achilles heel for the performance of thick-section, cylindrical fiber composite flywheels is the poor interlaminar properties of the material. Methods that have been used to minimize or eliminate radial tensile stresses include prestressing concentric cylinders and mass loading. There can also be significant interlaminar shear stresses at the edges of mass-loaded flywheels and in flywheels for high-power density applications where abrupt braking results in high torque levels. To specify adequate safety factors for thick-section flywheels used in these applications, the failure envelope and fatigue behavior under combined interlaminar stresses are required. Using a hollow cylindrical specimen, which was subjected to combined axial compression and torsion, results for fatigue and failure were generated for several flywheel material systems. Interlaminar compression resulted in significant enhancements to the interlaminar shear strength and results were compared to the predictions of proposed three-dimensional composite failure models. The interlaminar shear fatigue behavior of a carbon/epoxy system was also studied and compression was found to greatly enhance fatigue life. The results demonstrate that radial compression stresses can yield improvements in the interlaminar shear strength and fatigue lifetimes of composite flywheel rotors. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP DeTeresa, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 1631 EP 1642 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800147 ER PT S AU DeTeresa, SJ Groves, SE AF DeTeresa, SJ Groves, SE BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Properties of fiber composites for advanced flywheel energy storage devices SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE fiber composites; flywheels; stress-rupture AB The performance of commercial high-performance fibers is examined for application to flywheel power supplies. It is shown that actual delivered performance depends on multiple factors such as inherent fiber strength, strength translation and stress-rupture lifetime. Experimental results for recent stress-rupture studies of carbon fibers will be presented and compared with other candidate reinforcement materials. Based on an evaluation of all of the performance factors, it is concluded that carbon fibers are preferred for highest performance and E-glass fibers for lowest cost. The inferior performance of the low-cost E-glass fibers can be improved to some extent by retarding the stress-corrosion of the material due to moisture and practical approaches to mitigating this corrosion are discussed. Many flywheel designs are limited not by fiber failure, but by matrix-dominated failure modes. Unfortunately, very few experimental results for stress-rupture under transverse tensile loading are available. As a consequence, significant efforts are made in flywheel design to avoid generating any transverse tensile stresses. Recent results for stress-rupture of a carbon fiber/epoxy composite under transverse tensile load reveal that these materials are surprisingly durable under the transverse loading condition and that some radial tensile stress could be tolerated in flywheel applications. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP DeTeresa, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 1643 EP 1656 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800148 ER PT S AU Janke, CJ Lomax, RD Robitaille, S Duggan, S Serranzana, RC Lopata, VJ AF Janke, CJ Lomax, RD Robitaille, S Duggan, S Serranzana, RC Lopata, VJ BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Improved epoxy resins cured by electron beam irradiation SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE electron beam curing; polymer composites; epoxy AB A Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) sponsored by the Department of Energy Office of Science, NASA Langley Research Center, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Laboratory, and several industrial partners has developed or improved several toughened cationic epoxy resins cured by electron beam irradiation. These resin systems have mechanical, thermal, and physical properties that are significantly better than earlier electron beam curable resins, and are comparable to many thermally cured, high performance, toughened and untoughened epoxies. Neat resin test results and comparatives data on fracture toughness properties, tensile properties, thermal properties, water absorption values, cured resin densities and resin viscosities are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Janke, CJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Janke, Christopher/E-1598-2017 OI Janke, Christopher/0000-0002-6076-7188 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 2048 EP 2062 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800182 ER PT S AU Dabestani, R Ivanov, IN AF Dabestani, R Ivanov, IN BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Cure kinetics of cationic polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) and Tactix123 using CD-1012 as photoinitiator SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE electron beam; radiation kinetics; pulse radiolysis; transients ID EPOXY-RESINS; ELECTRON AB Cationic polymerization of epoxy resins can be induced by UV or electron beam radiation and proceeds very efficiently in the presence of appropriate photoinitiators. Although good thermal properties have been obtained for some electron beam cured epoxy resins, other important mechanical properties such as interlaminar shear strength, fracture toughness, and compression are poor and do not meet the manufacturers standards. We have initiated a comprehensive study to investigate the kinetics and mechanism of UV and electron beam cured cationic polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether, PGE, (model compound) and Tactix123 in the presence of CD-1012 as the photoinitiator. The objectives of this study is to see whether or not the same reaction conditions and kinetic parameters (e.g., radiation dose, concentration, temperature) control the properties of final polymeric products under both radiation conditions. The ultimate goal of this study is to identify the parameters that give rise to improved thermal and mechanical properties of the final composite prepared by electron beam curing. We have employed fast kinetic spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanism of polymerization and identify the reactive intermediates involved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dabestani, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015 OI ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 2075 EP 2089 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800184 ER PT S AU Ledebuhr, AG Ng, LC Jones, MS Wilson, BA Gaughan, RJ Breitfeller, EF Taylor, WG Robinson, JA Antelman, DR Nielsen, DP AF Ledebuhr, AG Ng, LC Jones, MS Wilson, BA Gaughan, RJ Breitfeller, EF Taylor, WG Robinson, JA Antelman, DR Nielsen, DP GP IEEE IEEE TI Micro-satellite ground test vehicle for proximity and docking operations development SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID CLEMENTINE MISSION; CAMERA AB This paper updates the ongoing effort at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to develop autonomous, agile micro-satellites (MicroSats). The objective of this development effort is to develop MicroSats weighing only a few tens of kilograms, that are able to autonomously perform precision maneuvers and can be used telerobotically in a variety of mission modes. The capabilities under development include satellite rendezvous, inspection, proximity-operations, formation-flying, docking, and servicing. The focus of this paper is on the development of several ground test vehicles and the demonstration of proximity operations on a dynamic air bearing table. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ledebuhr, AG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 2493 EP 2504 DI 10.1109/AERO.2001.931210 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700255 ER PT S AU Dixon, WE Walker, ID Dawson, DM AF Dixon, WE Walker, ID Dawson, DM GP IEEE IEEE TI Fault detection for wheeled mobile robots with parametric uncertainty SO 2001 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I AND II SE IEEE ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM 01) CY JUL 08-12, 2001 CL COMO, ITALY SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Dynam Syst & Control Div, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEE Japan, ISCIE, IFAC, JSME, JSPE, Robot Soc Japan, SICE ID SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we develop a new method for Wheeled Mobile Robot (WMR) fault detection. Specifically, we develop kinematic and dynamic models of the WMR in the presence of faults such as a change in the wheel radius (e.g., deformation, broken spoke, flat tire) or general kinematic disturbances that model slipping or skidding faults. Utilizing the WMR models, we employ a torque filtering technique to develop a prediction error based fault detection residual. The structure of the prediction error allows for fault detection despite parametric uncertainty in the WMR model. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dixonwe@ornl.gov; ianw@ces.clemson.edu; ddawson@ces.clemson.edu NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-6255 BN 0-7803-6736-7 J9 IEEE ASME INT C ADV PY 2001 BP 1245 EP 1250 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BS94R UT WOS:000171467700214 ER PT S AU Price, JR Gee, TF Tobin, KW AF Price, JR Gee, TF Tobin, KW GP IEEE IEEE TI Blur estimation in limited-control environments SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: VOL I: SPEECH PROCESSING 1; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING 2 IND TECHNOL TRACK DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS NEURALNETWORKS FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL III: IMAGE & MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 07-11, 2001 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Signal Processing Soc ID IMAGE; IDENTIFICATION; RESTORATION AB In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the blur of a fixed imaging system, without control of camera position or lighting, using an inexpensive target. Such a method is applicable, for example, in the restoration of surveillance imagery where the imaging system is available, but with only limited-control of the imaging conditions. We extend a previously proposed parametric blur model and maximum likelihood technique to estimate a more general family of blur functions. The requirements for an appropriate characterization target are also discussed. Experimental results with artificial and real data are presented to validate the proposed approach. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Price, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pricejr@ornl.gov; geetf@ornl.gov; tobinkwjr@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7041-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2001 BP 1669 EP 1672 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BT70T UT WOS:000173806500419 ER PT S AU Fitch, JP Ng, J Sokhansanj, BA AF Fitch, JP Ng, J Sokhansanj, BA GP IEEE IEEE TI Matrix formulation of a universal microbial transcript profiling system SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: VOL I: SPEECH PROCESSING 1; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING 2 IND TECHNOL TRACK DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS NEURALNETWORKS FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL III: IMAGE & MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 07-11, 2001 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Signal Processing Soc AB DNA chips and microarrays are used to profile gene transcription. Unfortunately, the initial fabrication cost for a chip and the reagent costs to amplify thousands of open reading frames for a microarray are over $100K for a typical 4 Mbase bacterial genome. To avoid these expensive steps, a matrix formulation of a universal hybrid chip-microarray approach to transcript profiling is demonstrated for synthetic data. Initial considerations for application to the 4.3 Mbase bacterium Yersinia pestis are also presented. This approach can be applied to arbitrary bacteria by recalculating a matrix and pseudoinverse. This approach avoids the large upfront expenses associated with DNA chips and microarrays. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-452,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7041-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2001 BP 3453 EP 3456 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BT70T UT WOS:000173806500865 ER PT B AU Ding, CHQ He, XF Zha, HY Gu, M Simon, HD AF Ding, CHQ He, XF Zha, HY Gu, M Simon, HD BE Cercone, N Lin, TY Wi, XD TI A min-max cut algorithm for graph partitioning and data clustering SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCPAMI, IEEE Comp Soc, TFVI, Insightful Corp, Microsoft Res, NARAX Inc, Springer Verlag, New York, StatSoft Inc ID EIGENVECTORS; MATRICES AB An important application of graph partitioning is data clustering using a graph model - the pairwise similarities between all data objects form a weighted graph adjacency matrix that contains all necessary information for clustering. Here we propose a new algorithm for graph partition with an objective function that follows the min-max clustering principle. The relaxed version of the optimization of the min-max cut objective function leads to the Fiedler vector in spectral graph partition. Theoretical analyses of min-max cut indicate that it leads to balanced partitions, and lower bonds are derived. The min-max cut algorithm is tested on news-group datasets and is found to outperform other current popular partitioning/clustering methods. The linkage-based refinements in the algorithm further improve the quality of clustering substantially. We also demonstrate that the linearized search order based on linkage differential is better than that based on the Fiedler vector, providing another effective partition method. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, NERSC Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ding, CHQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NERSC Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 196 Z9 241 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1119-8 PY 2001 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1109/ICDM.2001.989507 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT50G UT WOS:000173158200014 ER PT S AU Cunningham, CT Roberts, RS AF Cunningham, CT Roberts, RS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI An adaptive path planning algorithm for cooperating unmanned air vehicles SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 21-26, 2001 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE AB An adaptive path planning algorithm is presented for cooperating Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) that are used to deploy and operate land-based sensor networks. The algorithm employs a global cost function to generate paths for the UAVS, and adapts the paths to exceptions that might occur. Examples are provided of the paths and adaptation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roberts, RS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-181, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-6576-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2001 BP 3981 EP 3986 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT31J UT WOS:000172615800634 ER PT B AU Braudaway, DW AF Braudaway, DW GP IEEE IEEE TI How artificial intelligence has helped and hindered calibration SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON VIRTUAL AND INTELLIGENT MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Workshop on Virtual and Intelligent Measurement Systems (VIMS 2001) CY MAY 19-20, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Tech Comm Virtual Syst, IEEE Tech Comm Intelligent Measurement Syst, Instrumentat, Syst & Automat Soc AB Calibration is one area of technology that shows early application of rudimentary artificial intelligence. Most applications are found in work called "Automation." Presented is an example from the early 1960's showing the steps then necessary to accomplish the result. The Automatic Standard Cell Comparator described achieved measurements with both resolution and repeatability of one part in 10(7). Unavailability of desktop computers or modern integrated circuits required building the needed functions into hardware and somewhat limited the results. Modern measuring instruments and calibrators benefit from artificial intelligence algorithms that are used to optimize the measurement function internally and the external interface properties. Calibration of instruments or devices that use artificial intelligence requires evaluating the behavior over the full range of possible functions and needs full knowledge of device operation and capability. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6568-2 PY 2001 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1109/VIMS.2001.924907 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BS75C UT WOS:000171046600017 ER PT B AU DeBlasio, RD Basso, TS AF DeBlasio, RD Basso, TS GP IEEE IEEE TI Status on developing IEEE standard P1547 for distributed power resources and electric power systems interconnection SO 2001 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2: DEVELOPING NEW PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE, PES DE certification; dispersed storage and generation; fuel cells; interconnected power systems; photovoltaic power systems; power distribution; power generation; regulation; standards; test AB There are major issues and obstacles to an orderly transition to using and integrating all distributed power resources with electric power systems (grid or utility grid). The lack of national interconnection standards and tests for interconnection operation and certification, as well as the lack of national building, electrical, and safety codes, are understood and resolving that needs reasonable lead time to develop and promulgate consensus. The IEEE P1547 interconnection standard should prove to be a benchmark milestone for both the IEEE standards consensus process and as a model for developing further national standards dedicated to the ongoing success of our nation's electric power system. Based on a fast-track timeline, the P1547 working group voted unanimously to complete a final P1547 draft so it could be ready for submittal to the IEEE Standards Association Standards Board for no later than their December 2001 meeting. The working group met its tat-get of March 2001 for a balloted P1547 draft. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP DeBlasio, RD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7285-9 PY 2001 BP 941 EP 944 DI 10.1109/TDC.2001.971367 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV11R UT WOS:000177854200163 ER PT B AU Marnay, C Rubio, FJ Siddiqui, AS AF Marnay, C Rubio, FJ Siddiqui, AS GP IEEE IEEE TI Shape of the microgrid SO 2001 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY WINTER MEETING, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Meeting of the IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2001 CL COLUMBUS, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Power Engn Soc C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Marnay, C (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6672-7 PY 2001 BP 150 EP 153 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BT20M UT WOS:000172264200040 ER PT B AU Eto, J Martinez, C Dyer, J Budhraja, V AF Eto, J Martinez, C Dyer, J Budhraja, V GP IEEE IEEE TI Grid reliability management tools SO 2001 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY WINTER MEETING, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Meeting of the IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2001 CL COLUMBUS, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Power Engn Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eto, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6672-7 PY 2001 BP 386 EP 390 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BT20M UT WOS:000172264200090 ER PT B AU Daley, JG Hawsey, RA Badin, JS AF Daley, JG Hawsey, RA Badin, JS GP IEEE IEEE TI Superconducting power: Meeting the challenges SO 2001 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY WINTER MEETING, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Meeting of the IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2001 CL COLUMBUS, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Power Engn Soc DE high temperature superconductors; superconductivity; electrical equipment; electric power applications AB Superconductivity has the potential to bring a more fundamental change to electric power technologies than has occurred since electricity use became widespread over a century ago. The potential is for an energy revolution as profound as the impact fiber optics has had on communications. The fiber optic "information superhighway" was constructed by replacing copper wires with a higher capacity alternative. Superconductivity provides an "energy superhighway" that greatly improves efficiency and capacity. The economic and energy impacts are predicted to be huge. Many challenges had to be addressed in order that superconductivity could play this important role in the U.S. electric power system. The U.S. Department of Energy has worked in partnership with industry to solve the difficult challenge of manufacturing electrical wire from the ceramic high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials, while in parallel, creating designs of super efficient power devices that use these wires. The benefits will be substantial: HTS wires that are a resistance-free alternative to conventional wires while carrying 100 times the amount of electricity; and electrical equipment that is environmentally benign, with half the energy losses and half the size of conventional alternatives. C1 US DOE, Superconductiv Program Elect Power, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Daley, JG (reprint author), US DOE, Superconductiv Program Elect Power, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6672-7 PY 2001 BP 427 EP 431 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BT20M UT WOS:000172264200097 ER PT B AU Mao, XTS Liu, JC Lum, G AF Mao, XTS Liu, JC Lum, G GP IEEE IEEE TI Photon and neutron responses of optical absorption dosimeters used at SLAC SO 2001 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) held in conjunction with the 38th Annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE AB This paper reports the photon and neutron responses of four types of optical absorption dosimeters used at SLAC. The neutron responses are about 50% of their photon responses when expressed as ICRU tissue dose responses. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Mao, XTS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7199-2 PY 2001 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1109/REDW.2001.960463 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BT43B UT WOS:000172972300022 ER PT S AU Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP Arrowood, LF Lakhani, F AF Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP Arrowood, LF Lakhani, F GP IEEE IEEE TI Field test results of an automated image retrieval system SO 2001 IEEE/SEMI ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CONFERENCE SE ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference (ASMC) CY APR 23-24, 2001 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, SEMI, IEEE, MICRO, CMPT DE yield management; yield learning; image management; datamining; content-based image retrieval; automated image retrieval; approximate nearest-neighbors searching; visual similarity AB The rapid identification of yield detracting mechanisms through integrated yield management is the primary goal of defect sourcing and yield learning. At future technology nodes, yield learning must proceed at an accelerated rate to maintain current defect sourcing cycle times despite the growth in circuit complexity and the amount of data acquired on a given wafer lot [1]. As integrated circuit fabrication processes increase in complexity, it has been determined that data collection, retention, and retrieval rates will continue to increase at an alarming rate. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been working with International SEMATECH (ISMT) to develop methods for managing the large volumes of image data that are being generated to monitor the status of the manufacturing process [2, 3]. This data contains an historical record that can be used to assist the yield engineer in the rapid resolution of manufacturing problems, To date there are no efficient methods of sorting and analyzing the vast repositories of imagery collected by off-line review tools for failure analysis, particle monitoring, line width control, and overlay metrology. In this paper we will describe a new method for organizing, searching, and retrieving defect imagery based on visual similarity. The results of an industry field test of the ORNL image management system at two independent manufacturing sites will also be described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Escarabajal, Juan Antonio/C-5644-2012 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1078-8743 BN 0-7803-6555-0 J9 ASMC PROC PY 2001 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1109/ASMC.2001.925642 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT43C UT WOS:000172972400030 ER PT S AU Kwiatkowski, C Sinha, DN AF Kwiatkowski, C Sinha, DN BE Yuhas, DE Schneider, SC TI Ultrasonic frequency difference generation to characterize fluids in saturated Berea sandstone SO 2001 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Ultrason, Ferrelect, & Frequency Control Soc AB The use of nonlinear acoustics to characterize fluids in porous media is presented. The acoustic nonlinearity in sandstone is affected by the presence of water or oil. This difference in properties that affect the sound propagation through such media can be used to determine whether a piece of sandstone contains water or oil. Traditional methods of characterizing porous media usually rely on the transmission or reflection of a single ultrasonic probe pulse. The technique presented in this paper uses a method of generating a probe pulse inside the porous medium from the interaction of two pulses. Information about the medium is then contained in the propagation of this probe signal back to a receiver. The main advantage of this approach is that it allows implementation of this technique inside a borehole for characterizing the porous media outside. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kwiatkowski, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, MS D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-7177-1 J9 ULTRASON PY 2001 BP 475 EP 478 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75C UT WOS:000176890800102 ER PT S AU Pappas, RA Bamberger, JA Bond, LJ Greenwood, MS Panetta, PD Pfund, DM AF Pappas, RA Bamberger, JA Bond, LJ Greenwood, MS Panetta, PD Pfund, DM BE Yuhas, DE Schneider, SC TI Ultrasonic methods for characterization of liquids and slurries SO 2001 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Ultrason, Ferrelect, & Frequency Control Soc ID PROCESS ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pappas, RA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-7177-1 J9 ULTRASON PY 2001 BP 563 EP 566 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75C UT WOS:000176890800120 ER PT S AU Kaduchak, G Sinha, DN AF Kaduchak, G Sinha, DN BE Yuhas, DE Schneider, SC TI Low-power acoustic harvesting of aerosols SO 2001 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Ultrason, Ferrelect, & Frequency Control Soc AB A new acoustic device for levitation and/or concentration of aerosols and small liquid/solid samples (up to several millimeters in diameter) in air has been developed. The device is inexpensive, low-power, and, in its simplest embodiment, does not require accurate alignment of a resonant cavity. It is constructed from a cylindrical PZT tube of outside diameter D = 19.0 mm and thickness-to-radius ratio h/a similar to 0.03. The lowest-order breathing mode of the tube is tuned to match a resonant mode of the interior air-filled cylindrical cavity. A high Q cavity results that can be driven efficiently. An acoustic standing wave is created in the interior cavity of the cylindrical shell where particle concentration takes place at the nodal planes of the field. It is shown that drops of water in excess of 1 mm. in diameter may be levitated against the force of gravity for approximately 100 mW of input electrical power. The main objective of the research is to implement this low-power device to concentrate and harvest aerosols in a flowing system. Several different cavity geometries are presented for efficient collection of the concentrated aerosols. Concentration factors greater than 40 are demonstrated for particles of size 0.7 mu in a flow volume of 50 L/minute. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kaduchak, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-7177-1 J9 ULTRASON PY 2001 BP 607 EP 610 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75C UT WOS:000176890800129 ER PT S AU MacIntosh, S Sinha, DN Kaduchak, G AF MacIntosh, S Sinha, DN Kaduchak, G BE Yuhas, DE Schneider, SC TI Noninvasive noncontact fluid detection in submerged containers using swept frequency ultrasonic technique SO 2001 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Ultrason, Ferrelect, & Frequency Control Soc AB A noncontact technique has been developed for the remote interrogation of submerged and limited access metal containers for determining the presence of fluid inside, The technique is based on the radiation damping effect of water on the thickness mode resonance of the container wall. A transmitter-receiver pair of piezoelectric transducers is placed at a standoff distance of 5 mm from the container wall with the water outside the container providing ultrasonic coupling medium, The excitation frequency applied to the transmitter is swept between 0.8-4.0 MHz and the receiver transducer detects the signal, in the form of a frequency spectrum, returned from the wall. By analyzing the variation in the observed spectrum, it is straightforward to determine whether the container is fluid or air backed thereby detecting if the container has leaked. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP MacIntosh, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-7177-1 J9 ULTRASON PY 2001 BP 689 EP 692 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75C UT WOS:000176890800145 ER PT S AU Telschow, KL Deason, VA AF Telschow, KL Deason, VA BE Yuhas, DE Schneider, SC TI Imaging laser ultrasonics measurement of the elastodynamic properties of paper SO 2001 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Ultrason, Ferrelect, & Frequency Control Soc ID TRANSIENT LAMB WAVES; OPTICAL-DETECTION; GENERATION; PLATES AB Many sheet and plate material industries (e.g. paper) desire knowledge of the anisotropic stiffness properties of their material to optimize the manufacturing process. A determination of the anisotropic elastic matrix would be very beneficial for determination of parameters, such as microstructural texture, fiber or grain orientation and stiffness. The propagation of ultrasonic waves in plates is a method for determining the anisotropic elastic properties in a nondestructive manner. Laser ultrasonics offers a noncontacting means to implement these measurements in the workplace by employing pulsed or modulated light to excite symmetric and antisymmetric plate waves concurrent with optical interferometric detection. Measurements can then be performed along the machine and cross directions to obtain parameters that are used empirically for process monitoring. Recently, the INEEL has developed a full-field view laser based ultrasonic imaging method that allows simultaneous measurement of plate wave motion in all planar directions within a single image without scanning. The imaging measurements are based on dynamic holography using photorefractive materials for interferometric detection and are operated at normal video rates. Results from this laser based imaging approach are presented that record Lamb wave mode wavefronts in all planar directions from localized sources in a single image. Specific numerical predictions for flexural wave propagation in distinctly different types of paper accounting fully for orthotropic anisotropy are presented and compared with direct imaging measurements. Very good agreement with theoretical calculations is obtained for the lowest antisymmetric plate mode in all planar directions using paper properties independently determined by others. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-7177-1 J9 ULTRASON PY 2001 BP 737 EP 745 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75C UT WOS:000176890800157 ER PT B AU Keiser, J Singbeil, D Sarma, G Choudhury, K Singh, P Hubbard, C Swindeman, R Ely, T Kish, J Kenik, E Maziasz, P Bailey, S AF Keiser, J Singbeil, D Sarma, G Choudhury, K Singh, P Hubbard, C Swindeman, R Ely, T Kish, J Kenik, E Maziasz, P Bailey, S GP PPTAC PPTAC TI Comparison of cracking in recovery boiler composite floor and primary air port tubes SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL RECOVERY CONFERENCE: CHANGING RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Chemical Recovery Conference CY JUN 11-14, 2001 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Pulp & Paper Tech Assoc Canada, TAPPI AB Cracking of the stainless steel outer layer of co-extruded 304L stainless steel/SA210GdA1 carbon steel tubes in kraft recovery boilers has been the subject of intensive worldwide investigation for more than a decade. One such multi-task project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and launched in 1994, focused initially on cracking which occurred in co-extruded floor tubes. Results of this study led to recommendations on selection of alternate tube materials as well as operating practices to minimize cracking. More recently, new reports of extensive cracking in co-extruded tubes that form primary air ports caused this research program to be broadened to include cracking around primary air ports. In this paper, the cracking in the two locations is compared, and the similarities and differences in the mechanisms are described, based on the findings of the DOE-funded project. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Keiser, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PULP PAPER TECHNICAL ASSOC CANADA-P A P T A C PI MONTREAL PA 740 NOTRE DAME WEST, STE 810, MONTREAL, QUEBEC H3C 3X6, CANADA BN 1-896742-69-6 PY 2001 BP 21 EP 26 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BT53Z UT WOS:000173292800004 ER PT B AU Baxter, LL Lind, T Rumminger, M Kauppinen, E AF Baxter, LL Lind, T Rumminger, M Kauppinen, E GP PPTAC PPTAC TI Particle size distributions in recovery boilers SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL RECOVERY CONFERENCE: CHANGING RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Chemical Recovery Conference CY JUN 11-14, 2001 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Pulp & Paper Tech Assoc Canada, TAPPI ID SALT AB This investigation summarizes results from field tests conducted at a commercial recovery boiler. The discussion focuses on the size distribution of entrained particles and droplets. Replicated experiments conducted in front of the superheaters and in the middle of the boiler bank form the basis for most of the conclusions. Fume particle (< 1 mum) size distributions peaked at about 0.7 mum physical diameter (about 1 mum aerodynamic diameter) in the recovery boiler. Neither the size nor the concentration of these particles changes significantly as the particles pass through the convection pass. Intermediate-size particle (ISP) size distributions (1-100 mum) could not be reliably sampled. Crude estimates of their maximum concentration are as high as 50% of the total particle loading. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Baxter, LL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PULP PAPER TECHNICAL ASSOC CANADA-P A P T A C PI MONTREAL PA 740 NOTRE DAME WEST, STE 810, MONTREAL, QUEBEC H3C 3X6, CANADA BN 1-896742-69-6 PY 2001 BP 65 EP 69 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BT53Z UT WOS:000173292800011 ER PT B AU Peascoe, RA Keiser, JR Hubbard, CR Gorog, JP Brown, CA Nilsson, BH AF Peascoe, RA Keiser, JR Hubbard, CR Gorog, JP Brown, CA Nilsson, BH GP PPTAC PPTAC TI Comparison of refractory performance in black liquor gasifiers and a smelt test system SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL RECOVERY CONFERENCE: CHANGING RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Chemical Recovery Conference CY JUN 11-14, 2001 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Pulp & Paper Tech Assoc Canada, TAPPI AB Prior laboratory corrosion studies along with experience at the black liquor gasifier in New Bern, North Carolina, clearly demonstrate that serious material problems exist with the gasifier'S refractory lining. Mullite-based and alumina-based refractories used at the New Bern facility suffered significant degradation even though they reportedly performed adequately in smaller scale systems. Oak Ridge National Laboratory's involvement in the failure analysis, and the initial exploration of suitable replacement materials, led to the realization that a simple and reliable, complementary method for refractory screening was needed. The development of a laboratory test system and its suitability for simulating the environment of black liquor gasifiers was undertaken. Identification and characterization of corrosion products were used to evaluate the test system as a rapid screening tool for refractory performance and as a predictor of refractory lifetime. Results from the test systems and plants were qualitatively similar. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peascoe, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PULP PAPER TECHNICAL ASSOC CANADA-P A P T A C PI MONTREAL PA 740 NOTRE DAME WEST, STE 810, MONTREAL, QUEBEC H3C 3X6, CANADA BN 1-896742-69-6 PY 2001 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BT53Z UT WOS:000173292800042 ER PT B AU Baxter, LL Lind, T Kauppinen, E Robinson, A AF Baxter, LL Lind, T Kauppinen, E Robinson, A GP PPTAC PPTAC TI Thermal properties of recovery boiler deposits SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL RECOVERY CONFERENCE: CHANGING RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Chemical Recovery Conference CY JUN 11-14, 2001 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Pulp & Paper Tech Assoc Canada, TAPPI ID INFRARED-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; COAL ASH DEPOSITS; CONDUCTIVITY; SIMULATION; MINERALS AB This experimental and theoretical investigation focuses on process-relevant properties of deposits from recovery boilers (thermal conductivity, emissivity, and strength). Experiments indicate that deposit structures in recovery boilers are highly anisotropic and that this anisotropy strongly affects deposit properties. Theoretical analyses of deposit properties illustrate the major factors that affect their values. Experimental techniques are designed around these factors to provide accurate characterization of deposit properties These in situ experimental techniques demonstrate the dependence of thermal conductivity and emissivity on structure and size under boiler-relevant conditions. This paper represents the first data of this type to be reported for recovery boilers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Baxter, LL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PULP PAPER TECHNICAL ASSOC CANADA-P A P T A C PI MONTREAL PA 740 NOTRE DAME WEST, STE 810, MONTREAL, QUEBEC H3C 3X6, CANADA BN 1-896742-69-6 PY 2001 BP P133 EP P138 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BT53Z UT WOS:000173292800096 ER PT B AU Tarman, TD Witzke, EL Bauer, KC Kellogg, BR Young, WF AF Tarman, TD Witzke, EL Bauer, KC Kellogg, BR Young, WF GP IEEE IEEE TI Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) intrusion detection SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE AB ATM networks are the foundation for a number of public and private networks, and their correct operation is critical to the availability of higher layer protocols (such as IP) and applications. However, ATM uses a number of protocols for connection establishment and routing, and if these protocols are not functioning correctly (e.g., due to misconfiguration, component failure, or active attack), denial of service may result. Since ATM protocol irregularities occur below IP, they are not detectable by the IP intrusion detection systems that are prevalent in today's networks. This paper describes an implementation of an intrusion detection system that detects ATM protocol attacks. This system uses a centralized assessment engine to collect network, event notifications from a distributed set of sensors. These sensors monitor ATM protocol activity and send the filtered events to the assessment engine. The assessment engine compares the incoming event traffic against a set of attack templates, and if a match is encountered, it (optionally) activates a set of responses. In addition, this paper describes results that have been obtained from the proof-of-concept implementation, along with initial experience with its use in operational networks. Future research directions that address other unique challenges presented by ATM intrusion detection and response are also described. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tarman, TD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600017 ER PT B AU Martinez, LG Brenkosh, JP AF Martinez, LG Brenkosh, JP GP IEEE IEEE TI High performance networking for supercomputers SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE AB Acquisition of a supercomputer is not a guarantee that maximum benefits will be obtained from such an investment. Typically, such machines are used to process huge datasets (100 Gigabytes) and produce datasets on the magnitude of the input datasets. These datasets must be stored, preprocessed and postprocessed (often graphically). Other special purpose machines perform these functions. Because of this, maximum attention needs to be given to the underlying network, which connects these machines. If this network is highly bandwidth limited, a sizable portion of the performance gains of the supercomputer will often be negated. This paper provides a case study in how a high performance network was designed and implemented for the world's fastest supercomputer, i.e. ASCI Red at Sandia National Laboratories. It presents the methodology that increased the throughput of ASCI Red from less than I Megabyte/sec. to 60 Megabytes/sec. This methodology is based upon viewing the network as a whole and not merely disjoint components that arc connected together. The case study analyzes the many variables which affect throughput, including network technology, transport media, distance between nodes, memory, buffer size, maximum transfer unit size, protocol, achieving parallelism, and IP stack tuning. This paper begins by briefly describing some of the special purpose machines which comprise the Sandia National Laboratories High Performance Computing Environment. It then discusses how these machines and the above variables were optimized in an integrated network. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martinez, LG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 623 EP 627 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600115 ER PT B AU Swift, W Fiskum, R AF Swift, W Fiskum, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Fuel cells for buildings program SO 2001 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY SUMMER MEETING, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Summer Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc, IEEE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Swift, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7173-9 PY 2001 BP 717 EP 718 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BU57Y UT WOS:000176406700156 ER PT B AU Williams, MC AF Williams, MC GP IEEE IEEE TI Fuel cells and the world energy future SO 2001 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY SUMMER MEETING, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Summer Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc, IEEE C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Williams, MC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7173-9 PY 2001 BP 725 EP 725 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BU57Y UT WOS:000176406700158 ER PT B AU Overholt, PN AF Overholt, PN GP IEEE IEEE TI A consortium for electric reliability technology research under competition SO 2001 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY SUMMER MEETING, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Summer Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc, IEEE C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Overholt, PN (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7173-9 PY 2001 BP 1092 EP 1094 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BU57Y UT WOS:000176406700235 ER PT B AU Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Schittenhelm, I Fan, XD Britt, PF Guillorn, MA Simpson, ML Merkulov, VI AF Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Schittenhelm, I Fan, XD Britt, PF Guillorn, MA Simpson, ML Merkulov, VI GP LIA LIA TI Laser-synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes with time-resolved in situ diagnostics SO 20TH ICALEO 2001, VOLS 92 & 93, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics (ICALEO 2001) CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL JACKSONVILLE, FL SP Laser Inst Amer ID VAPORIZATION; ABLATION; DYNAMICS; CHEMISTRY; GROWTH; ROPES AB Laser vaporization (LV) is a remarkably versatile technique for the catalytically-aided synthesis of nanomaterials, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). SWNT show remarkable promise for future generations of electronics and structural materials, however their application and commercialization has been hampered by a lack of control over the synthesis process, and low production quantities. Time-resolved in situ spectroscopic investigations of the laser-vaporization SWNT-synthesis process are described which are yielding some of the first direct determinations of carbon nanotube growth mechanisms and rates necessary to evaluate strategies for controllable synthesis and large-scale production. Our measurements indicate that SWNT grow over extended annealing times during the LV process by the conversion of condensed phase nanoparticulate feedstock. These measurements were extended to grow carbon nanotubcs by CO2-laser-annealing heat treatments of carbon and metal nanoparticle mixtures, offering an alternative synthesis approach to vapor-phase methods. These results present opportunities for scaled-up production of nanomaterials compatible with commercial high-power laser technology. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Geohegan, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-73-0 PY 2001 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU94V UT WOS:000177444200002 ER PT B AU Xu, Z Konercki, G Reed, CB Gahan, BC Parker, RA Batarseh, S Graves, RM AF Xu, Z Konercki, G Reed, CB Gahan, BC Parker, RA Batarseh, S Graves, RM GP LIA LIA TI Specific energy for laser removal of rocks SO 20TH ICALEO 2001, VOLS 92 & 93, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics (ICALEO 2001) CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL JACKSONVILLE, FL SP Laser Inst Amer ID DELIVERY AB Application of advanced high power laser technology into oil and gas well drilling has been attracting significant research interests recently among research institutes, Petroleum industries, and universities. Potential laser or laser-aided oil and gas well drilling has many advantages over the conventional rotary drilling, such as high penetration rate, reduction or elimination of tripping, casing, and bit costs, and enhanced well control, perforating and side-tracking capabilities. The energy required to remove a unit volume of rock, namely the specific energy (SE), is a critical rock property data that can be used to determine both the technical and economic feasibility of laser oil and gas well drilling. When a high power laser beam is applied on a rock, it can remove the rock by thermal-spallation, melting or vaporization depending on the applied laser energy and the way the energy is applied. The most efficient rock removal mechanism would be the one that requires the minimum energy to remove a unit volume of rock. First, studies were carried out to investigate the correlation between the rock removal mechanisms and laser processing parameters. Then the test matrixes were carefully designed and performed based on the established correlation to quantitatively determine the nearly true specific energy. A 1.6 kW pulsed Nd:YAG laser, with a unique control capacity over laser parameters, is utilized to perform beam application tests on the rocks. The effect of laser processing parameters, such as beam irradiance, energy per pulse, exposure time, and pulse repetition rate, on the removal of rocks are investigated. The study found that different laser-rock interaction zones from intense melting to scorching could be produced in the rock depending on the applied beam irradiance and exposure time. However, the most efficient rock removal mechanism was found to be thermal-spallation where the rock was thermally fractured and removed from the hole before any further melting or vaporizing (which requires much higher energy). The study also found that increasing beam repetition rate within the same material removal mechanism would increase the material removal rate due to an increase of maximum temperature, thermal cycling frequency, and intensity of laser-driven shock wave within the rock. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60540 USA. RP Xu, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60540 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-73-0 PY 2001 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU94V UT WOS:000177444200011 ER PT B AU Dickey, FM AF Dickey, FM GP LIA LIA TI Theory and techniques for laser beam shaping SO 20TH ICALEO 2001, VOLS 92 & 93, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics (ICALEO 2001) CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL JACKSONVILLE, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Many basic experiments as well as industrial and military applications require laser beams that have specified shape or irradiance profile. A common requirement is a laser profile that is uniform over some cross-section. Such applications include laser/material processing, laser material interaction studies, fiber injection systems, optical data/image processing, lithography, medical applications, optical metrology, and military systems. Laser beam shaping techniques can be divided in to three areas: apertured beams, field mappers, and multi-aperture beam integrators. An uncertainty relation exists for laser beam shaping that puts constraints on system design. In this paper we review the basics of laser beam shaping and discuss the limitations of the three major techniques. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dickey, FM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-73-0 PY 2001 BP 1393 EP 1402 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU94V UT WOS:000177444200154 ER PT B AU Weichman, LS Setchell, RE Berry, DM AF Weichman, LS Setchell, RE Berry, DM GP LIA LIA TI High-power fiber injection criteria and system design SO 20TH ICALEO 2001, VOLS 92 & 93, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics (ICALEO 2001) CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL JACKSONVILLE, FL SP Laser Inst Amer DE optical fiber; fiber polishing; fiber injection; beam shaping; laser damage; beam profiles; beam forming ID DAMAGE THRESHOLDS; LASER-BEAM; TRANSMISSION; DELIVERY AB Over the past decade we have investigated a number of laser induced damage mechanisms that can occur during the injection and transmission of high-power, Q-switched laser pulses into fused silica fibers. In the course of our studies we have shown that maximizing fiber throughput and minimizing optical damage requires controlling a number of fiber injection parameters. The location and type of damage mechanism observed has been shown to have a strong correlation to the laser source, the design and alignment of the fiber injection optics, fiber end face preparation, and localized stresses introduced due to fixturing or bends in the fiber path. In this paper we review and summarize our earlier work developing injection criteria that should be considered in the component selection and design of a fiber injection system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weichman, LS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-73-0 PY 2001 BP 1424 EP 1433 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU94V UT WOS:000177444200157 ER PT B AU Knorovsky, GA MacCallum, DO AF Knorovsky, GA MacCallum, DO GP LIA LIA TI The effect of laser welding on LIGA materials SO 20TH ICALEO 2001, VOLS 92 & 93, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics (ICALEO 2001) CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL JACKSONVILLE, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB An increasingly important production process for microminiature mechanical parts is the LIGA process. LIGA parts (with in-plane features from a few pin to several mm) are electroplated into lithographically-produced molds. In this paper we shall show the effect of pulses of laser energy used to spot weld LIGA-produced parts. As-plated LIGA material is exceptionally fine grained, and has high hardness and mechanical strength. Presence of appreciably weakened heat affected and/or fusion zones, or porosity in such a part could seriously affect its service performance. An examination of laser and resistance spot welds on LIGA Ni, and laser welds on LIGA Ni-Fe and Ni-Co alloys by metallography and microhardness traverses is reported. Issues of heat input, thermal cycles, recrystallization kinetics, pore formation and final mechanical properties are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Joining & Coating Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knorovsky, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Joining & Coating Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-73-0 PY 2001 BP 1783 EP 1792 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU94V UT WOS:000177444200196 ER PT S AU Frank, AM Wilkins, PR AF Frank, AM Wilkins, PR BE Takayama, K Saito, T Kleine, H Timofeev, E TI Nanosecond frame cameras SO 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY SEP 24-29, 2000 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Inst Fluid Sci, Shock Wave Res Ctr, Iwate Med Univ, Natl Inst Mat & Chem Res DE high speed photography; nanosecond framing; transient imaging AB The advent of CCD cameras and computerized data recording has spurred the development of several new cameras and techniques for recording nanosecond images. We have made a side by side comparison of three nanosecond frame cameras, examining them for both performance and operational characteristics. The cameras include; Micro-Channel Plate / CCD, Image Diode / CCD and Image Diode / Film; combinations of gating / data recording. The advantages and disadvantages of each device will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Frank, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-281,Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3846-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4183 BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.1117/12.424266 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS87W UT WOS:000171311700017 ER PT S AU Goosman, DR Avara, GR Perry, SJ AF Goosman, DR Avara, GR Perry, SJ BE Takayama, K Saito, T Kleine, H Timofeev, E TI Efficient optical probes for fast surface velocimetry: multiple frequency issues for Fabry and VISAR methods SO 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY SEP 24-29, 2000 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Inst Fluid Sci, Shock Wave Res Ctr, Iwate Med Univ, Natl Inst Mat & Chem Res DE velocimetry; efficient probes; nested lenses; Fabry vs. VISAR AB We have in the past used several types of optical probe lenses for delivering and collecting laser light to an experiment for laser velocimetry. When the test surface was in focus, however, the collected light would fill mostly the laser fiber rather than the collection fiber(s). We have designed, developed and used for 8 years nested-lens probe assemblies that solve this problem. Our first version used a commercial AR-coated glass achromat, which we cored to remove the inner fourth of its area. The core was then reinserted with its optical center offset from that of the annulus by an amount slightly less than the separation between the laser and collector fibers. The laser and collector fibers are placed in contact with each other behind the lens and have NA values of 0.11 and 0.22, respectively. Because most of the collected light now focussed on the collection fiber, this system was far superior to the single lens systems, but was laborious. For the last five years we used injection-molded acrylic aspheric nested lenses, which are inexpensive in quantity and require little labor to install into a probe. Only an azimuthal rotation and positioning of the fiber plane are needed to incorporate the plastic lens into a probe. Special ray-trace codes were written and used to design the lens, and many iterations by the molder were required to develop the injection processing parameters to produce a good lens, since it was thick for its diameter. These probes have real light collection efficiencies of 75% of theoretical, work well over a wide range of distances, with collection depths of field matching theory. The lenses can take 100 watts of pulsed power many times without damage, since the lens is designed so that reflections from the lens surfaces do not focus within the lens. The collection fiber size is designed to work with our manybeam velocimeter facility reported in a previous Congress, where the collection NA times collection fiber size exceeds the acceptance of the velocimeter. The Doppler-shifted light enters the collection fiber with angles between 0.11 and 0.2, with little light in the 0 to 0.11 NA region. However, the manybeam velocimeter uses just the light in the 0 to 0.11 NA range, except when we link two analyser tables together. A slight amount of mode scrambling of the Doppler shifted light converts the light into a uniformly filled NA = 0.2 angular range before entering the velocimeter analyser table. We have expended seven hundred plastic nested lenses in various experiments. The most recent version of the fiber cable assembly will be shown. Six situations will be discussed where multiple reflected frequencies were observed in experiments, illustrating an advantage of the Fabry-Perot vs. the VISAR method. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Goosman, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-281, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3846-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4183 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1117/12.424305 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS87W UT WOS:000171311700046 ER PT S AU Paisley, DL Swift, DC Forsman, AC Kyrala, GA Johnson, RP Wark, JS Allen, A Loveridge, A Kopp, RA AF Paisley, DL Swift, DC Forsman, AC Kyrala, GA Johnson, RP Wark, JS Allen, A Loveridge, A Kopp, RA BE Takayama, K Saito, T Kleine, H Timofeev, E TI High-speed optical and x-ray methods for evaluating laser-generated shock-waves in materials, and the corresponding dynamic material response SO 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY SEP 24-29, 2000 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Inst Fluid Sci, Shock Wave Res Ctr, Iwate Med Univ, Natl Inst Mat & Chem Res ID DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS AB Optical diagnostic techniques including interferometry, electronic streak photography, and transient x-ray diffraction are used to study the, dynamic material response to shock loading by dmd laser irradiation and impact by laser-launched plates. The Los Alamos Trident laser is one of several lasers, that have been used to generate shocks of 10 Kbar to several Mbar in single crystal and polycrystalline materials. Incorporating optical velocity interferometry (line-VISAR and point-VISAR) with. transient x-ray diffraction can provide a complete understanding of the dynamic material response to shock compression and release. Laser-launched flyer plates provide an ideal method to generate one-dimensional shocks in materials. The quality of the one-dimensionality of the launch and acceleration of plates is evaluated by line-imaging VISAR. The line-imaging VISAR images the fringes along a line across the diameter of the plate. Each fringe maxima and minima provide acceleration and velocity information at the specific point on the plate. By varying the fringe constant, number of fringes and fringe spacing on the plate, detailed experimental data can be obtained. For our experiments, most plates are 3-mm diameter and accelerated to 0.2 - >6 km/sec. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paisley, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3846-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4183 BP 556 EP 565 DI 10.1117/12.424325 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS87W UT WOS:000171311700064 ER PT S AU Prestridge, K Vorobieff, P Rightley, PM Benjamin, RF AF Prestridge, K Vorobieff, P Rightley, PM Benjamin, RF BE Takayama, K Saito, T Kleine, H Timofeev, E TI PIV measurements of a shock-accelerated fluid instability SO 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY SEP 24-29, 2000 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Inst Fluid Sci, Shock Wave Res Ctr, Iwate Med Univ, Natl Inst Mat & Chem Res DE Richtmyer-Meshkov; shock; instability; fluid; particle image velocimetry ID LAYER; PATTERNS; MODELS; GROWTH; DRIVEN AB A varicose-profile, thin layer of heavy gas (SF6) in lighter gas (air) is impulsively accelerated by a planar, Mach 1.2 shock, producing Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. We present the first measurements of the circulation in the curtain during the vortex-dominated, nonlinear stage of the instability evolution. These measurements, based on particle image velocimetry data, axe employed to validate an idealized model of the nonlinear perturbation growth. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Prestridge, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Prestridge, Kathy/C-1137-2012 OI Prestridge, Kathy/0000-0003-2425-5086 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3846-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4183 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.1117/12.424332 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS87W UT WOS:000171311700070 ER PT S AU Petrovic, JJ Castro, RG Vaidya, RU Peters, MI Mendoza, D Hoover, RC Gallegos, DE AF Petrovic, JJ Castro, RG Vaidya, RU Peters, MI Mendoza, D Hoover, RC Gallegos, DE BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Molybdenum disilicide materials for glass melting sensor sheaths SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: A SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Sensors for measuring the properties of molten glass require protective sensor sheaths in order to shield them from the extremely corrosive molten glass environment. MoSi2 has been shown to possess excellent corrosion resistance in molten glass, making it a candidate material for advanced sensor sheath applications. MoSi2-coated Al2O3 tubes, MoSi2-Al2O3 laminate composite tubes, and MoSi2-Al2O3 functionally graded composite tubes have been produced by plasma spray-forming techniques for such applications. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrovic, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85N UT WOS:000183407900007 ER PT S AU Petrovic, JJ Sharif, AA Kukla, AM Romero, RS Mendoza, D Pitek, FM AF Petrovic, JJ Sharif, AA Kukla, AM Romero, RS Mendoza, D Pitek, FM BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Mechanical behavior of erbium oxide single crystals SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: A SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Er2O3 single crystals were synthesized by optical floating zone single crystal techniques. The average room temperature hardness of these crystals was 7 GPa, while the average room temperature indentation fracture toughness was 0.86 MPa m(1/2). Hardness decreased with increasing temperature, while fracture toughness increased at 1200 degreesC and above. Cleavage planes observed in erbia were {110} and {111}. Macroscopic compressive deformation occurred in erbia at 1640 degreesC. The observed slip system was {110}<111>. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrovic, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 151 EP 158 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85N UT WOS:000183407900017 ER PT S AU Lin, HT Waters, SB More, KL Wimmer, J Li, CW AF Lin, HT Waters, SB More, KL Wimmer, J Li, CW BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Evaluation of creep property of AS800 silicon nitride from as-processed surface regions SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: A SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID TENSILE CREEP; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; BEHAVIOR AB Tensile creep studies were carried out to evaluate the creep performance of AS800 silicon nitride samples extracted from the surface and bulk regions of as-processed billets at 1350degreesC in air. The objective of this study was to understand the creep properties of the silicon nitride in the as-processed surface region and determine if they are comparable to those obtained from the bulk region. The results indicated that samples from the as-processed surface region exhibited higher creep rates and shorter lifetimes as compared with those obtained from the bulk region. The poor creep performance of material from the as-processed surface region was due to the higher content of glassy phase enriched with oxygen and sintering additive elements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85N UT WOS:000183407900020 ER PT S AU Sun, JG Deemer, C Erdman, S Ellingson, WA AF Sun, JG Deemer, C Erdman, S Ellingson, WA BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Thermal imaging detection and characterization of normal cracks SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: A SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB This paper describes a flash thermal imaging method for detecting and characterizing of normal cracks in flat test specimens. The method is based on measuring distributions of lateral thermal diffusivity in a specimen. During the flash thermal imaging test, pulsed heat energy is applied to a specimen's partially shielded back surface, and the change of temperature distribution on the front surface is monitored by an infrared thermal imaging system. The temperature distribution represents the effect of both normal heat transfer through the specimen's thickness and lateral heat transfer through the interface between the shielded and unshielded back-surface regions. Because normal cracks restrict lateral heat flow in the specimen, the effective lateral thermal diffusivity is reduced. By correlating the diffusivity reduction with the crack depth, the method can be used to characterize normal cracks in ceramic composites. Discussions of the method and experimental results are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85N UT WOS:000183407900029 ER PT S AU Biner, SB AF Biner, SB BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI An analysis of crack growth resistance of microcracking brittle solids and composites SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: A SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID AL2O3 BEND SPECIMENS; CERAMICS; ALUMINA AB A set of numerical analyses of crack growth was performed to elucidate the fracture behavior of microcracking brittle solids and composites. The random nucleation, orientation and size effects of discrete nucleating microcracks and resulting interactions are fully accounted for in a hybrid finite element model. The results obtained from the finite element analysis are compared with the continuum description of the microcracking. Although continuum description can provide a reasonable estimation of shielding, it fails to resolve the details of toughening. Moreover, as seen in the composite cases, the local events leading to toughening behavior may not be associated with the microcraking even in the presence of a large population of microcracks. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85N UT WOS:000183407900030 ER PT S AU Steffler, ED Wright, JK Windes, WE AF Steffler, ED Wright, JK Windes, WE BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Crack growth observations in a graded composite using PSMI SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: A SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The fracture behavior of a Ni-Al2O3 Functionally Graded Material (FGM) was investigated using Phase Shifted Moire Interferometry (PSMI). A relatively thick (similar to 8mm) tri-layer FGM compact tension specimen geometry was used. Experimental result provide quantitative displacement data for comparisons to numerical models of near crack tip deformations. Fracture path analysis verified that the crack. propagated through the brittle alumina phases or as intergranular fracture around the ductile nickel particles. These results demonstrate the value of PSMI to measure the displacement fields surrounding advancing cracks in graded structures. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Steffler, ED (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, 3251 N Blvd MS 2218, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Wright, Jill/0000-0001-8909-8144 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85N UT WOS:000183407900037 ER PT S AU Lara-Curzio, E Garcia, D AF Lara-Curzio, E Garcia, D BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI The effect of diameter variation along a fiber on the determination of fiber strengths and the parameters of their distribution SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: A SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The effect of variable fiber diameter among fibers in a bundle, and along the length of individual fibers, on the determination of individual fiber strength values and on the estimates of the parameters of the distribution of fiber strengths was investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. In this analysis it is assumed that the average fiber diameters in a bundle are distributed according to a known distribution (e.g. normal), that the diameter of a fiber varies randomly along its length, and that fiber strengths are distributed according to a two-parameter Weibull distribution. It is shown that the magnitude of the error that is incurred in the determination of a fiber strength, when the fiber diameter is measured at a location that doesn't coincide with the fracture plane, increases with the magnitude of the variability of diameter along the fiber length. Similarly, the error in the determination of the Weibull modulus, for example, increases with the variability of average fiber diameters in a bundle when fiber strengths are calculated using the average of the cross-sectional area of the fibers in the bundle. The implications of these findings on the development of a standardized test method for the tensile evaluation of single fibers are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mech Characterizat & Anal Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lara-Curzio, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mech Characterizat & Anal Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 363 EP 370 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85N UT WOS:000183407900043 ER PT S AU Unal, O Bansal, NP AF Unal, O Bansal, NP BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Interlaminar shear strength of a unidirectional fiber-reinforced celsian composite by short-beam and double-notched shear tests SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: A SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID MATRIX COMPOSITES AB Interlaminar shear strengths of a unidirectional Hi-Nicalon-(BaSr)Al2Si2O8 celsian composite were measured by both the short-beam shear and double-notch shear test methods between room temperature and 1200degreesC. Test results clearly indicated that the shear strength depends on the test method used. At low temperatures the strength values by the short-beam shear test were about 60% higher than those by the double-notch shear test. At high temperatures, however, the shear strength by both test methods dropped sharply due to the viscous flow of the residual amorphous phase in the composite and the values converged. The comparison of stress distribution in both test specimens suggests that the high stress concentration associated with the notches was responsible for the low strength values by the double-notch test method. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Unal, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 585 EP 595 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85N UT WOS:000183407900068 ER PT S AU Tiegs, TN Crow, JB Bawazer, L Barker, DL AF Tiegs, TN Crow, JB Bawazer, L Barker, DL BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Oxide coatings on silicon nitride by displacement reactions SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID METAL PENETRATION; MOLTEN ALUMINUM; COMPOSITES; INFILTRATION AB Environmental barrier coatings are currently of intense interest for protection of silicon nitride components in gas turbine engine environments. Solid-liquid displacement reactions are characterized by the penetration and reaction of molten metals with ceramics. Various liquid metals, including Al, Sn-Zr, and Sn-Ti, were reacted with dense silicon nitride ceramics having a silicate surface layer. Reactions between the two resulted in the formation of oxide surface coatings whose composition depend on the molten metal used. Preliminary data indicate there was a reaction gradient extending from the surface coating into the silicon nitride base material. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tiegs, TN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 337 EP 341 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85P UT WOS:000183408400041 ER PT S AU Nair, B Singh, JP Grimsditch, M AF Nair, B Singh, JP Grimsditch, M BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Analytical modeling of stress evolution in air-plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Understanding stress evolution at rough interfaces in air-plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings due to thermal exposure in service is critical for failure prediction. This study analyzes stress evolution in these coatings by a concentric cylinder model. Contributions due to thermal mismatch, oxide growth, and microstructural changes in the coatings are discussed. Our analysis indicates an initial increase and a subsequent decrease in stress at the interface with exposure time. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nair, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 417 EP 425 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85P UT WOS:000183408400050 ER PT S AU Bakel, AJ Siddiqui, MM Zhang, NZ Anusavice, KJ Holly, JL Tsai, Y AF Bakel, AJ Siddiqui, MM Zhang, NZ Anusavice, KJ Holly, JL Tsai, Y BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Corrosion of a fluorocanasite dental glass-ceramic SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB We investigated the corrosion behavior of a fluorocanasite glass-ceramic developed as a dental ceramic. Our investigation was aimed at determining the major corrosion processes. A series of water-dominated static corrosion tests was conducted for up to 14 days. In these tests, the pH of the leachates increased, along with the concentrations of Na, Al, Si, K, and Ca after one day of reaction. The concentrations of K and Na, normalized to their concentrations in the glass-ceramic, were higher than the normalized concentrations of the other elements. These results are consistent with an exchange of H+ and K+ or Na+ in the glass-ceramic as an important corrosion reaction. Microstructural examination of the reacted glass-ceramic showed that the glass phase is more affected by corrosion than the crystalline fluorocanasite. In addition, corrosion is most prevalent near the edge of the glass-ceramic body where large glass regions and crystals are present. We propose that exchange of H+ for K+ and Na+ in the glass phase was the dominant reaction in the corrosion of this glass-ceramic during these short-term tests. Changes in the chemistry of the glass phase might lead to a decrease in this rate of this exchange. In addition, if changes in the processing of this material could eliminate the large glass regions, then the corrosion behavior of the material might be improved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bakel, AJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 607 EP 612 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85P UT WOS:000183408400069 ER PT S AU Lewinsohn, CA Jones, RH Singh, M Nozawa, T Kotani, M Katoh, Y Kohyama, A AF Lewinsohn, CA Jones, RH Singh, M Nozawa, T Kotani, M Katoh, Y Kohyama, A BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Silicon carbide based joining materials for fusion energy and other high-temperature, structural applications SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CERAMICS AB Three methods for obtaining joints consisting of silicon carbide based material were evaluated: reaction-forming, reaction bonding, and pyrolysis of preceramic polymers. Joints were successfully fabricated without evidence of deleterious reactions with silicon carbide substrates. A direct comparison of the bending strength and through-thickness shear strength of butt joints was made using four-point bending and asymmetric four-point bending. The values of the bending strengths varied from 53-134 MPa. The through-thickness shear strength of the reaction formed was approximately 40% of the bend strength. Reaction-formed joints between composites were stronger than those between monolithic substrates. Various joints were heat treated at 1100 C, in flowing argon, for 100 h to investigate the high temperature stability of the joints. The bending strength of the reaction bonded joints improved, the bending strength of polymer derived joints did not change significantly, and the through-thickness shear strength of reaction-formed joints decreased. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lewinsohn, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 621 EP 625 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85P UT WOS:000183408400071 ER PT B AU Price, JR Gee, TF AF Price, JR Gee, TF BE Cohen, CJ TI Towards robust face recognition from video SO 30TH APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS: ANALYSIS AND UNDERSTANDING OF TIME VARYING IMAGERY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR 2001) CY OCT 10-12, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence ID EIGENFACES AB A novel, template-based method for face recognition is presented. The goals of the proposed method are to integrate multiple observations for improved robustness and to provide auxiliary confidence data for subsequent use in an automated video surveillance system. The proposed framework consists of a parallel system of classifiers, referred to as observers, where each observer is trained on one face region. The observer outputs are combined to yield the final recognition result. Three of the four confounding factors expression, illumination, and decoration - are specifically addressed in this paper. The extension of the proposed approach to address the fourth confounding factor - pose is straightforward and well supported in previous work. A further contribution of the proposed approach is the computation of a revealing confidence measure. This confidence measure will aid the subsequent application of the proposed method to video surveillance scenarios. Results are reported for a database comprising 676 images of 160 subjects under a variety of challenging circumstances. These results indicate significant performance improvements over previous methods and demonstrate the usefulness of the confidence data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pricejr@ornl.gov; geetf@ornl.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1245-3 PY 2001 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1109/AIPR.2001.991209 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT89D UT WOS:000174364500015 ER PT B AU Gee, TF Mersereau, RM AF Gee, TF Mersereau, RM BE Cohen, CJ TI Model-based face tracking for dense motion field estimation SO 30TH APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS: ANALYSIS AND UNDERSTANDING OF TIME VARYING IMAGERY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR 2001) CY OCT 10-12, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB When estimating the dense motion field of a video sequence, if little is known or assumed about the content, a limited constraint approach such as optical flow must be used. Since optical flow algorithms generally use a small spatial area in the determination of each motion vector the resulting motion field can be noisy, particularly if the input video sequence is noisy. If the moving subject is known to be a face, then we may use that constraint to improve the motion field results. Pus paper describes a method for deriving dense motion field data using a face tracking approach. A face model is manually initialized to fit a face at the beginning of the input sequence. Then a Kalman filtering approach is used to track the face movements and successively fit the face model to the face in each frame. The 2D displacement vectors are calculated from the projection of the facial model, which is allowed to move in 3D space and may have a 3D shape. Me have experimented with planar, cylindrical, and Candide face models. The resulting motion field is used in multiple frame restoration of a face in noisy video. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gee, TF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1245-3 PY 2001 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1109/AIPR.2001.991218 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT89D UT WOS:000174364500024 ER PT S AU Holmes, VP Linebarger, JM Miller, DJ Vandewart, RL Crowley, CP AF Holmes, VP Linebarger, JM Miller, DJ Vandewart, RL Crowley, CP GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Evolving the Web-based distributed SI/PDO architecture for high-performance visualization SO 34TH ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Simulation Symposium CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int AB We have extended the SI/PDO architecture to allow web access to visualization tools running on MP systems. We make these tools more easily accessible by providing web-based interfaces and by shielding the user from the details of these computing environments. We use a multi-tier architecture, where the Java-based GUI tier runs on a web browser and provides image display and control functions. The visualization tier runs on MP machines. The middle tiers provide custom communication with MP machines, remote file selection, remote launching of services, and load balancing. The system allows for adding and removing of tiers depending upon the situation. This architecture is based on the requirements of our environment: huge data volumes (that cannot be easily moved), use of multiple middleware protocols, MP platform portability, rapid development of the visualization tools, distributed resource management (of MP resources), and the use of existing visualization tools. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM vpholme@sandia.gov; jmlineb@sandia.gov; djmille@sandia.gov; rlvande@sandia.gov; crowley@cs.unm.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1080-241X BN 0-7695-1092-2 J9 PROC ANNU SIMUL SYMP PY 2001 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1109/SIMSYM.2001.922127 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BS33Q UT WOS:000169528000020 ER PT B AU Smith, GD Piechowski, CJ Pocratsky, CA Sparks, MH AF Smith, GD Piechowski, CJ Pocratsky, CA Sparks, MH BE Sanson, LD TI U.S. Department of Energy security technologies SO 35TH ANNUAL 2001 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 16-19, 2001 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Chiao Tung Univ AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has had a program that develops technologies to protect sensitive nuclear weapons facilities for more than 40 years. Basic security system engineering concepts are still valid, but the details of the system at DOE facilities must constantly be updated to respond to the escalating terrorist threat and need to replace aging components and systems. The mission of the program is overwhelmingly diverse, as it must be, to protect an array of assets such as nuclear weapons, special nuclear material in various forms, components of nuclear weapons, classified nuclear weapons design information, nuclear facilities, national laboratories, and U.S. energy infrastructure. Considering the facts that the nuclear weapons complex consists of dozens of facilities that are scattered all over the United States, and that no two facilities are alike, the technology development mission is very challenging. C1 US DOE, Off Safeguards & Secur, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Smith, GD (reprint author), US DOE, Off Safeguards & Secur, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6636-0 PY 2001 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT18A UT WOS:000172166300001 ER PT B AU Pritchard, DA Adams, DG AF Pritchard, DA Adams, DG BE Sanson, LD TI Historical alarm and near-realtime facility data analysis SO 35TH ANNUAL 2001 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 16-19, 2001 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Chiao Tung Univ AB This paper describes the current effort to analyze historical alarm data and discusses applications and methods for secure, near-realtime communications of data. The objective of analyzing historical alarm data is to determine if trends in system or subsystem performance can be detected that may affect system maintenance activities and operational costs. A wealth of data is potentially available, and this paper will discuss initial efforts to extract useful information from that data. As an example, some sensors may report excessive nuisance alarms that correlate well with certain weather conditions, and sensor re-installation may prove remedial. In the future, fielded sensors that report ID codes could also report serial numbers that map into a vendor's database with manufacturing dates and recall information. In a more timely context, system maintainers often require the assistance of others - either component manufacturers, system integrators, or simply "recognized experts" - to diagnose problems and effect appropriate repairs. The ability to "reach back" to assistance personnel from a remote location is highly desirable. The type and amount of data, communications, data analysis, and security are all critical parts of this project. Historical and near-realtime data may consist of alarm logs, sensor repair history, video snapshots or clips, and other status or performance information. Two-way communications would facilitate remote diagnostics and could be used to establish a virtual presence, Since system performance and status will always be a classification issue with security of a facility, the appropriateness of commercially available, standard methods for protection of this information during transit is also being researched and will be highlighted. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Technol Dept 5838, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pritchard, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Technol Dept 5838, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6636-0 PY 2001 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT18A UT WOS:000172166300017 ER PT B AU Karagiozis, AN AF Karagiozis, AN BE Tichy, RJ Wolcott, MP TI Advanced hygrothermal modeling of building materials using MOISTURE-EXPERT 1.0 SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL PARTICLEBOARD/COMPOSITE MATERIALS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Particleboard/Composite Materials Symposium CY APR 03-05, 2001 CL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA HO WASHINGTON STATE UNIV ID TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS; CRITICAL HUMIDITY; SPRUCE SAPWOOD; TIME FACTOR; PINE AB Mold growth may occur when high moisture content conditions are maintained within a building envelope for a sufficient time favorable for biological activity. The appearance of mold in construction materials and the mechanics of its growth are dependent upon a multitude of factors, some not fully understood. In recent years, models have been developed to predict heat, air, and moisture (hygrothermal) transfer. These models include the important transport processes, which provide building envelope designers with methods to predict the response of an envelope system to exterior and interior excitation. Several advanced hygrothermal models have been used, but most have serious limitations in predicting the actual performance of a building envelope structure, specifically walls, roofs, and basements. This paper presents a state-of-the-art hygrothermal model called MOISTURE-EXPERT, which using eliminates several of the limitations. Recently, supplementary models have been developed to evaluate and assess risk associated with the onset of biological degradation and mold growth. These models may be coupled with moisture engineering models to help rank the performance of alternative designs and systems. In this paper, a method for assessing the hygrothermal performance of a wall system is presented. Five levels of unintentional water penetration were examined, and the hygrothermal performance of a conventional stucco-clad wood frame wall was investigated numerically. The response of the envelope wall system is evaluated by determining the ability of the structure to dry during an acceptable period, and the concept of using growth index modeling is demonstrated. This approach to moisture engineering assessment of building envelope systems provides a useful and fair method for evaluating and optimizing their designs. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Karagiozis, AN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 641067, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA PY 2001 BP 39 EP 47 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BV90P UT WOS:000180356600005 ER PT B AU Tanner, DM Walraven, JA Barnes, SM Smith, NF Bitsie, F Swanson, SE AF Tanner, DM Walraven, JA Barnes, SM Smith, NF Bitsie, F Swanson, SE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Reliability of a MEMS Torsional Ratcheting Actuator SO 39TH ANNUAL PROCEEDINGS: INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2001 SE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc ID SURFACE MICROMACHINED MICROENGINE AB A new surface-micromachined actuator, the Torsional Ratcheting Actuator (TRA) has been characterized and stress tested for reliability. The most prominent failure mechanism when running at high speeds (ratcheting frequencies of 333, 1000, or 3000 Hz) is wear on rubbing surfaces leading to adhesion between the ring gear and the alignment guide. We have also observed failure when running at low speeds (5 Hz) due to misalignment of the ring gear preventing the ratchet pawl from engaging. A wear model war; developed which closely predicts the normal force promoting the wear and is in agreement with supporting calculations. We observed multiple ratcheting in the TRA during calibration and solved the equations of motion to confirm that it was due to the moment of inertia of the large ring gear. Damping was shown to have an effect also. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tanner, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1081, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6587-9 J9 INT REL PHY PY 2001 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2001.922886 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BS25M UT WOS:000169198000015 ER PT S AU Smith, NF Tanner, DM Swanson, SE Miller, SL AF Smith, NF Tanner, DM Swanson, SE Miller, SL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Non-destructive resonant frequency measurement on MEMS actuators SO 39TH ANNUAL PROCEEDINGS: INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2001 SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc ID SYSTEM AB Resonant frequency measurements provide useful insight into the repeatability of MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) manufacturing processes. Several techniques are available for making this measurement. All of these techniques however, tend to be destructive to devices which experience sliding friction, since they require the device to be operated at resonance. A non-destructive technique will be presented which does not require the device to be continually driven at resonance. This technique was demonstrated on a variety of MEMS actuators. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1081, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smithnf@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 0-7803-6587-9 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2001 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2001.922888 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BS25M UT WOS:000169198000017 ER PT S AU Smith, MS AF Smith, MS BE Arnould, M Lewitowicz, M Oganessian, YT Akimune, H Ohta, M Utsunomiya, H Wada, T Yamagata, T TI Radioactive beams in nuclear astrophysics SO 4TH SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-07, 2000 CL KONAN UNIV, TOURS, FRANCE HO KONAN UNIV ID ACCRETING NEUTRON-STARS; REACTION CROSS-SECTION; RAPID-PROTON-CAPTURE; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; COULOMB BREAK-UP; ION-BEAM; R-PROCESS; F-18(P,ALPHA)O-15 REACTION; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; RECOIL SEPARATOR AB Reactions on unstable nuclei play an important role in a diverse range of astrophysical phenomena including stellar explosions such as novae, X-ray bursts, and supernovae. They also play a role in the evolution of our own Sun, red giant stars, supermassive stars, the early universe, and other astrophysical environments. Beams of radioactive nuclei are now offering a direct probe of the nuclear physics occurring in these sites. The astrophysical motivation for radioactive beam development and the techniques to produce these beams are discussed. Some important radioactive beam measurements and plans for future radioactive beam facilities are also presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM msmith@mail.phy.orni.gov NR 120 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-996-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 561 BP 102 EP 115 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BS20E UT WOS:000169066200013 ER PT S AU Moller, P Madland, DG Sierk, AJ Iwamoto, A AF Moller, P Madland, DG Sierk, AJ Iwamoto, A BE Arnould, M Lewitowicz, M Oganessian, YT Akimune, H Ohta, M Utsunomiya, H Wada, T Yamagata, T TI Five-dimensional potential-energy surfaces and coexisting fission modes in heavy nuclei SO 4TH SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-07, 2000 CL KONAN UNIV, TOURS, FRANCE HO KONAN UNIV ID HEAVIEST ELEMENTS; GROUND-STATE; SHAPES AB Pie calculate complete fission potential-energy surfaces versus five shape coordinates: elongation, neck diameter, light-fragment deformation, heavy-fragment deformation, and mass asymmetry for even nuclei in the range 82 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 100. The potential energy is calculated in terms of the macroscopic-microscopic model with a folded-Yukawa single-particle potential and a Yukawa-plus-exponential macroscopic model in the three-quadratic-surface parameterization. The structure of the calculated energy landscapes exhibits multiple valleys leading to different scission configurations. The properties of these valleys and the saddle-points at the beginning of these valleys can be directly related to bimodal fission properties observed in the radium region, in the light-actinide region, and in the fermium region(1-4)). The rms deviation between calculated and experimental fission-barrier heights is only 1.08 MeV for 31 nuclei from Se-70 to Cf-252. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moller, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-996-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 561 BP 455 EP 468 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BS20E UT WOS:000169066200046 ER PT S AU Sloan, LR Sullivan, CT Tigges, CP Sandoval, CE Palmer, DW Hietala, S Christenson, TR Dyck, CW Plut, TA Schuster, GR AF Sloan, LR Sullivan, CT Tigges, CP Sandoval, CE Palmer, DW Hietala, S Christenson, TR Dyck, CW Plut, TA Schuster, GR GP IEEE IEEE TI RF micromechanical switches that can be post processed on commercial MMICs SO 51ST ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Electr Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB The application need for and specification of RF microelectro-mechanical (MEM) switches are discussed. The design, low temperature processing, and RF characteristics of a coplanar waveguide MEMs switch are presented. This switch can be integrated onto previously fabricated MMICs or transistor chips. These switches demonstrate 0.2dB loss while in the "on" state (closed), need approximately 10 volts to operate, and can carry more than 200 mW RF. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sloan, LR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 0-7803-7038-4 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2001 BP 323 EP 326 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2001.927743 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BS31N UT WOS:000169430500054 ER PT S AU Cardoso, G Zimmermann, S Kwan, SW Andresen, J Appel, JA Cancelo, G Christian, DC Cihangir, S Downing, R Hall, BK Hoff, J Kasper, PA Mekkaoui, A Yarema, R AF Cardoso, G Zimmermann, S Kwan, SW Andresen, J Appel, JA Cancelo, G Christian, DC Cihangir, S Downing, R Hall, BK Hoff, J Kasper, PA Mekkaoui, A Yarema, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Development of a high density pixel multichip module at Fermilab SO 51ST ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Electr Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB At Fermilab, both pixel detector multichip module and sensor hybridization are being developed for the BTeV experiment. The BTeV pixel detector is based on a design relying on a hybrid approach. With this approach, the readout chip and the sensor array are developed separately and the detector is constructed by flip-chip mating the two together. This method offers maximum flexibility in the development process, choice of fabrication technologies, and the choice of sensor material. This paper presents strategies to handle the required data rate and performance results of the first prototype acid detector hybridization. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cardoso, G (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 0-7803-7038-4 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2001 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2001.927781 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BS31N UT WOS:000169430500093 ER PT S AU Kwong, J Bennett, JP AF Kwong, J Bennett, JP GP ISS ISS TI Achieving MgO saturated foamy slags in the EAF SO 59TH ELECTRIC FURNACE CONFERENCE AND 19TH PROCESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTRIC FURNACE CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Electric Furnace Conference/19th Process Technology Conference CY NOV 11-14, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Iron & Steel Soc, Elect Furnace Div, Iron & Steel Soc, Process Technol Div DE refractory; slag foaming; saturated slags; model; EAF; service life C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Kwong, J (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave,SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IRON & STEEL SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 186 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7528 USA SN 0096-0128 BN 1-886362-57-2 J9 ELECT FURN CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 19 BP 277 EP 285 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BT63U UT WOS:000173566400022 ER PT S AU Bennett, JP Kwong, KS Oxnard, RT AF Bennett, JP Kwong, KS Oxnard, RT GP ISS ISS TI Evaluating practices to Reuse/Recycle spent refractory materials in the steel industry SO 59TH ELECTRIC FURNACE CONFERENCE AND 19TH PROCESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTRIC FURNACE CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Electric Furnace Conference/19th Process Technology Conference CY NOV 11-14, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Iron & Steel Soc, Elect Furnace Div, Iron & Steel Soc, Process Technol Div DE refractory; recycling; reuse; beneficiation C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave,SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IRON & STEEL SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 186 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7528 USA SN 0096-0128 BN 1-886362-57-2 J9 ELECT FURN CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 19 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BT63U UT WOS:000173566400024 ER PT S AU Palmer, TA AF Palmer, TA GP ISS ISS TI Numerical modeling of enhanced nitrogen dissolution during gas tungsten arc welding SO 59TH ELECTRIC FURNACE CONFERENCE AND 19TH PROCESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTRIC FURNACE CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Electric Furnace Conference/19th Process Technology Conference CY NOV 11-14, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Iron & Steel Soc, Elect Furnace Div, Iron & Steel Soc, Process Technol Div DE nitrogen dissolution; arc welding; iron; plasma; mathematical modeling ID MOVING HEAT-SOURCE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PARTITION FUNCTIONS; PLASMA ENVIRONMENT; IRON; METAL; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN; OXYGEN C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Palmer, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-355, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM palmer18@llnl.gov NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IRON & STEEL SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 186 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7528 USA SN 0096-0128 BN 1-886362-57-2 J9 ELECT FURN CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 19 BP 647 EP 659 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BT63U UT WOS:000173566400050 ER PT J AU Wozniak, PR Udalski, A Szymanski, M Kubiak, M Pietrzynski, G Soszynski, I Zebrun, K AF Wozniak, PR Udalski, A Szymanski, M Kubiak, M Pietrzynski, G Soszynski, I Zebrun, K TI Difference image analysis of the OGLE-II bulge data. II. Microlensing events SO ACTA ASTRONOMICA LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; dark matter; Galaxy : center; Catalogs ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; GALACTIC BULGE; MACHO PROJECT; OPTICAL DEPTH; SUBTRACTION AB We present a sample of microlensing events discovered in the Difference Image Analysis (DIA) of the OGLE-II images collected during three observing seasons, 1997-1999. 4424 light curves pass our criteria on the presence of a brightening episode on top of a constant baseline. Among those, 512 candidate microlensing events were selected visually. We designed an automated procedure, which unambiguously selects up to 237 best events. Including eight candidate events recovered by other means, a total of 520 light curves are presented in this work. In addition to microlensing events, the larger sample contains certain types of transients, but is also strongly contaminated by artifacts. All 4424 light curves in the weakly filtered group are available electronically, with the intent of showing the gray zone between microlensing events and variable stars, as well as artifacts, to some extent inevitable in massive data reductions. We welcome suggestions for improving the selection process before the full analysis of complete four seasons of the OGLE-H bulge data. Selection criteria for binary events can also be investigated with our extended sample. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Concepcion, Dept Fis, Concepcion, Chile. RP Wozniak, PR (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM wozniak@lanl.gov; udalski@astrouw.edu.pl; msz@astrouw.edu.pl; mk@astrouw.edu.pl; pietrzyn@hubble.cfm.udec.cl; soszynsk@astrouw.edu.pl; zebrun@astrouw.edu.pl NR 23 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS FOUNDATION POLISH ASTRONOMY PI WARSAW PA AL UJAZDOWSKIE 4, 00-478 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0001-5237 J9 ACTA ASTRONOM JI Acta Astron. PY 2001 VL 51 IS 3 BP 175 EP 219 PG 45 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483FD UT WOS:000171622200001 ER PT J AU Kuzay, TM Kazmierczak, M Hsieh, BJ AF Kuzay, TM Kazmierczak, M Hsieh, BJ TI X-ray beam/biomaterial thermal interactions in third-generation synchrotron sources SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CRYOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CRYSTALS AB Third-generation synchrotron sources generate strong X-ray beams. The beam's interaction with biomaterials gives rise to concerns related to thermal damage and radiation damage. Of the two issues, the thermal interaction is conducive to rigorous analysis from first principles, although this has not been performed to date in a comprehensive manner. In this study, the interaction of the X-ray beam emanating from a third-generation synchrotron with a typical frozen biocrystal is theoretically studied, focusing specifically on the resulting unsteady (time-dependent) and steady heat-transfer phenomena. A unique regime map is developed to explain and to identify, on the basis of Fourier and Biot numbers as governing parameters, the applicable mathematical models that predict the subsequent thermal behavior. Depending on the values of these parameters, some simplified but realistic 'generic' solutions are generated that are suitable for that particular domain of applicability. Classical heat-transfer theory was used to describe the third-generation X-ray beam and biomaterial thermal interaction. Besides the generalized approach presented, numerous illustrative cases were solved and the resulting temperature levels are explicitly presented. Overall, the resulting thermal behavior of the system, i.e. peak and local temperature distribution, during both early transient development and for sustained long-time steady-state conditions, depends on a number of factors including the amount of energy absorbed, convective heat-transfer film coefficient and gas temperature, the sample size and shape, and the thermophysical properties of the sample and cooling gas. Results of the analysis revealed the strong influence that convection has on the transient and final steady-state temperature of the sample and the impact of internal heat conduction. The characteristic timescales of the important and dominant thermal processes with respect to the two types of thermal models are clearly identified. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kazmierczak, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 57 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1107/S0907444900013299 PN 1 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 388BN UT WOS:000166157700009 PM 11134929 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC Burrell, AK Kubas, GJ AF Bryan, JC Burrell, AK Kubas, GJ TI [TcCl(CS)(dppe)(2)]center dot C6H6 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID TECHNETIUM AB The title compound, chlorobis[1,2-ethanediylbis(diphenylphosphine)-P,P'](thiocarbonyl-C)technetium benzene solvate, [TcCl(C46H42P4)(CS)] . C6H6, was obtained as one of two Tc-containing products isolated from the reaction between CS2 and the electron-dfircient complex [TcCl\-th>(dppe)(2)], where dppe is 1,2-ethanediylbis(diphenylphosphine). The structure exhibits an unusually short Tc-C distance [1.819 (6) Angstrom], suggesting some multiple-bond character. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JAN PY 2001 VL 57 BP M23 EP M24 DI 10.1107/S1600536800019486 PN 1 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 478BF UT WOS:000171322500014 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC Burrell, AK Kubas, GJ AF Bryan, JC Burrell, AK Kubas, GJ TI Bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane-P,P ']- (dithioformato-S,S ')technetium tris(benzene) solvate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COMPLEXES; DEPE AB Two Tc-containing products were isolated from the reaction between CS2 and the electron-deficient complex TcCl(dppe)(2). The title dithioformate complex, [Tc(S2CH)(dppe)(2)]. 3C(6)H(6), where dppe is 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (C26H24P2), exhibits Tc-P bond lengths ranging from 2.3566 (14) to 2.3884 (14) Angstrom, which are little shorter than normally found. The other product is [TcCl(CS)(dppe)(2)], and is the first reported Tc-thiocarbonyl complex. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JAN PY 2001 VL 57 BP M1 EP M2 DI 10.1107/S1600536800017840 PN 1 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 478BF UT WOS:000171322500004 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC Marchand, AP Hazlewood, A AF Bryan, JC Marchand, AP Hazlewood, A TI N,N '-diacetyl-1,13-diaza-24-crown-8 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB Half of the title compound (N,N'-diacetyl-1,4,7,13,16,19-hexaoxa-10,22-diazacyclotetracosane), C20H38N2O8, makes up the asymmetric unit. The crown ring is relatively flat, and though collapsed in on itself, would require little change to adopt a binding conformation. C-H . . .O bonding is also observed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JAN PY 2001 VL 57 BP O13 EP O15 DI 10.1107/S1600536800017852 PN 1 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 478BF UT WOS:000171322500032 ER PT J AU Tanojo, H Hostynek, JJ Mountford, HS Maibach, HI AF Tanojo, H Hostynek, JJ Mountford, HS Maibach, HI TI In vitro permeation of nickel salts through human stratum corneum SO ACTA DERMATO-VENEREOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE human; in vitro; nickel salts; percutaneous absorption; stratum corneum ID HUMAN-SKIN INVITRO; PATCH AB Allergic contact dermatitis due to nickel salts is common. It is therefore important to measure the permeation of these salts through the stratum corneum (SC), the primary rate-limiting domain in skin. An advanced diffusion system and analytical techniques now enable better measurement of the flux than was possible in earlier experiments. Human SC was prepared by trypsinization of dermatomed cadaver leg skin. The diffusion system included diffusion cells with a spiral line. Aqueous solutions of nickel salts (Ni(NO3)(2), NiSO4, NiCl2 and Ni(-OOCCH3)(2) at 1% Ni2+ concentration) were used as the donor solution (400 muL/cell). The receptor fluid, pure water, was collected up to 96 li after application of the donor solutions. Nickel concentrations in the donor and receptor fluid, as well as in the SC, were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with a confidence limit of 0.5 ppb. Based on the total recovery of nickel from the experiments, about 98% of the dose remained in the donor solution, whereas 1% or less was retained in SC and less than 1% was found in the receptor fluid. Following an early surge, nickel permeates slowly across SC. The steady-state permeability coefficients of nickel were calculated from the flux data (approximately 5.2-8.5 x 10(-7) cm/h) with no significant difference among the salts. The results concur in principle with earlier studies conducted using the full-thickness human skin in vitro, and suggest that in vivo nickel ions may, permeate simultaneously by routes of diffusion such as the shunt pathway, apart from slow transcellular/intercellular diffusion alone. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Euramer Technol Resources Inc, Lafayette, CA 94549 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hostynek, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Box 0989,90 Med Ctr Way,Surge 110, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0001-5555 J9 ACTA DERM-VENEREOL JI Acta Derm.-Venereol. PY 2001 SU 212 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 506KE UT WOS:000172969000004 PM 11802473 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Mehrabadi, MM AF Massoudi, M Mehrabadi, MM TI A continuum model for granular materials: Considering dilatancy and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article ID ANTIGRANULOCYTES MATERIALS; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; DISSIPATIVE MATERIALS; STRESS CALCULATIONS; DEBRIS FLOW; RAPID FLOW; FLUID; ASSEMBLIES; PLASTICITY; MECHANICS AB In this paper we will explore the consequences of the Mohr-Coulomb criterion on the constitutive equation proposed by Rajagopal and Massoudi [1]. This contunuum model which is based on the earlier works of Cowin [2] has also the ability to predict the dilatancy effect which is related to the normal stress effects. At the same time, if a proper representation is given to some of the material parameters, this model would also comply with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. We also present, as a special case, an exact solution for the case of simple shear flows. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 91 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PY 2001 VL 152 IS 1-4 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1007/BF01176949 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 500JE UT WOS:000172622800009 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX AF Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX TI Fully developed flow of a modified second grade fluid with temperature dependent viscosity SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article ID NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID; COAL-WATER MIXTURES; DRIVEN FILM FLOW; POWER-LAW FLUIDS; HEAT-TRANSFER; VISCOUS DISSIPATION; VARIABLE VISCOSITY; INCLINED PLANE; STABILITY; THERMODYNAMICS AB In this paper we will study the fully developed flow of a modified (and sometimes referred to as the generalized) second grade fluid down an inclined plane. The reasons for using such a model for the flow of non-Newtonian fluids are (i) the capability of predicting the normal stress differences and (ii) allowing for the possibility of shear dependent viscosity. The boundary value problem is solved numerically, and the special case of constant viscosity amends itself an exact solution (as previously reported in the literature) which serves as a test case to check the accuracy of our numerical scheme. The velocity and temperature profiles are obtained for various dimensionless numbers, for the case where the viscosity is also a function of temperature. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PY 2001 VL 150 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1007/BF01178542 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 467FV UT WOS:000170692500003 ER PT J AU Dienes, JK AF Dienes, JK TI Crack dynamics via Lagrange's equations and generalized coordinates SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article AB Cracks that are subjected to a sudden, sufficiently large, increase in stress respond with a combination of opening and unstable growth. This behavior is idealized here by representing the opening and growth as two generalized coordinates and determining the corresponding Lagrangean. Then the equation of motion are established for an arbitrary time-dependent driving pressure. Lagrange`s equations are especially appropriate for systems involving dissipation, nonholonomic constraints, and other such processes that can not be accounted for in a Hamiltonian formulation. It is shown that the standard results for crack opening and stability are consequences of the Lagrange formulation. as is an algebraic expression for crack speed. Of course, the solution for the crack dynamics is approximate, but solving the full PDEs for the unstable cracks in a brittle structure (similar to 10,000 cracks/cc) is not practical, nor would it be appropriate since the details of the cracks vary between samples. Thus, the Lagrange formulation makes it possible to analyze brittle materials containing an ensemble of cracks in an efficient manner. In an example the ODEs are integrated numerically and it is shown that the results are consistent with analytic results. In that work the surface energy is considered constant, but when the stresses are modest, crack growth is governed by creep processes. It is shown that this slow growth can be accounted for by letting the surface energy depend on the stress-intensity factor in a manner that is based on crack-speed data. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dienes, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PY 2001 VL 148 IS 1-4 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1007/BF01183670 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 447PY UT WOS:000169582700006 ER PT J AU Rydberg, B AF Rydberg, B TI Radiation-induced DNA damage and chromatin structure SO ACTA ONCOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nobel Conference 2000 CY AUG 19-22, 2000 CL KAROLINSKA INST, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN HO KAROLINSKA INST ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; LINEAR-ENERGY-TRANSFER; IONIZING-RADIATION; PARTICLE IRRADIATION; X-RAY; FRAGMENTS; CELLS; MODEL; FIBROBLASTS; CLUSTERS AB DNA lesions induced by ionizing radiation in cells are clustered and not randomly distributed, For low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation this clustering occurs mainly on the small scales of DNA molecules and nucleosomes, For example, experimental evidence suggests that both strands of DNA on the nucleosomal surface can be damaged in single events and that this damage occurs with a 10-bp modulation because of protection by histories. For high LET radiation, clustering also occurs on a larger scale and depends on chromatin organization. A particularly significant clustering occurs when an ionizing particle traverses the 30 nm chromatin fiber with generation of heavily damaged DNA regions with an average size of about 2 kbp. On an even larger scale, high LET radiation can produce several DNA double-strand breaks in closer proximity than expected from randomness. It is suggested that this increases the probability of misrejoining of DNA ends and generation of lethal chromosome aberrations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rydberg, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 74-157,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA80207] NR 15 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0284-186X J9 ACTA ONCOL JI Acta Oncol. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 6 BP 682 EP 685 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 495GM UT WOS:000172331900002 PM 11765060 ER PT J AU Bertulani, CA AF Bertulani, CA TI Peripheral collisions of relativistic heavy ions SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Issues in Elementary Matter CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL BAD HONNEF, GERMANY DE heavy ions; relativistic; peripheral ID POSITRON PAIR PRODUCTION; IMPACT-PARAMETER DEPENDENCE; DIRAC-EQUATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC PRODUCTION; COULOMB DISSOCIATION; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTION; IONIZATION; COLLIDERS; PHYSICS AB The physics of peripheral collisions with relativistic heavy ions (PCRHI) is reviewed. One- and two-photon processes are discussed. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bertulani, CA (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1556/APH.14.2001.1-4.7 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481LJ UT WOS:000171520500007 ER PT J AU Dumitru, A Brachmann, J Fraga, ES Greiner, W Jackson, AD Lenaghan, JT Scavenius, O Stocker, H AF Dumitru, A Brachmann, J Fraga, ES Greiner, W Jackson, AD Lenaghan, JT Scavenius, O Stocker, H TI Hydrodynamic models for heavy-ion collisions and beyond SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Issues in Elementary Matter CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL BAD HONNEF, GERMANY DE quark-gluon plasma; chiral symmetries; collective flow; relativistic heavy-ion collisions ID TEMPERATURE PHASE-DIAGRAM; IMPROVED WILSON FERMIONS; FLOW; QCD; TRANSITION; EQUATION; MATTER; POINT; STATE AB A generic property of a first-order phase transition in equilibrium, and in the limit of large entropy per unit of conserved charge, is the smallness of the isentropic speed of sound in the "mixed phase". A specific prediction is that this should lead to a non-isotropic momentum distribution of nucleons in the reaction plane (for energies similar to 40 A GeV in our model calculation). On the other hand, we show that from present effective theories for low-energy QCD one does not expect the thermal transition rate between various states of the effective potential to be much larger than the expansion rate, questioning the applicability of the idealized Maxwell/Gibbs construction. Experimental data could soon provide essential information on the dynamics of the phase transition. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theor Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Dumitru, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013; Fraga, Eduardo/H-6010-2016 OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664; Fraga, Eduardo/0000-0001-5340-156X NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1556/APH.14.2001.1-4.12 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481LJ UT WOS:000171520500012 ER PT J AU Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV Ginter, TN Beyer, CJ Kormicki, J Zhang, XQ Rodin, AM Fomichev, AS Kliman, J Krupa, L Jandel, J Oganessian, YT Greiner, W Poenaru, DN Chubaryan, G Seweryniak, D Janssens, RVF Rasmussen, JO Wu, SC Donangelo, R Ma, WC Piercey, RB Cole, JD AF Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV Ginter, TN Beyer, CJ Kormicki, J Zhang, XQ Rodin, AM Fomichev, AS Kliman, J Krupa, L Jandel, J Oganessian, YT Greiner, W Poenaru, DN Chubaryan, G Seweryniak, D Janssens, RVF Rasmussen, JO Wu, SC Donangelo, R Ma, WC Piercey, RB Cole, JD TI Behavior of nuclear matter under extreme conditions in fission SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Issues in Elementary Matter CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL BAD HONNEF, GERMANY DE spontaneous fission of Cf-252; alpha and Be ternary fission; Mo-Ba split; the Gammasphere and particle detectors ID CF-252 SPONTANEOUS FISSION; EMISSION AB The spontaneous fission of Cf-252 has been studied via gamma-gamma-gamma coincidence and gamma-gamma light charged particle coincidence with Gammasphere. The binary fission yields of correlated Mo-Ba pairs with 0-10 neutron emission have been remeasured. The existence of "hot" fission mode with 8-1.0 neutron emission seen previously in the Mo-Ba split is confirmed but with lower intensities. By gating on the light charged particles detected in DeltaE-E detectors and a gamma ray in one partner, the relative yields of correlated pairs in alpha ternary SF with zero to 6n emission are observed for the first time with the distribution peaked at 2.5n. New correlated pairs are identified in Be-10 ternary SF. We observed essentially only cold, On Be-10 and little, if any, hot, xn Be-10. New gamma-gamma-gamma data with 2.3 times the total events show weak non-Doppler broadened high energy peaks in coincidence with transitions in correlated pairs in Be-10 SF shifted by the same 6,1 to 26 keV from the 2-0 energy in Be-10 as seen earlier. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Idaho Natl Engr & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Bratislava, Slovakia. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. JINR, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. RP Hamilton, JH (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Poenaru, Dorin/B-7455-2008; Chubarian, Grigor/H-2519-2014; OI Hwang, Jae-Kwang/0000-0002-4100-3473 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1556/APH.14.2001.1-4.16 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481LJ UT WOS:000171520500016 ER PT J AU Koch, V Bleicher, M Jeon, S AF Koch, V Bleicher, M Jeon, S TI Event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Issues in Elementary Matter CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL BAD HONNEF, GERMANY DE relativistic heavy ion collisions; quark-gluon plasma ID QCD AB We discuss the physics underlying event-by-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collision. We will emphasize how the fluctuations of particle ratios can be utilzed to explore the properties of the matter created in these collisions. In particular we will argue that the fluctutions of the ratio of positively over negatively charged particles may serve as a unique signature for the Quark-Gluon Plasma. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bleicher, Marcus/A-2758-2010 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1556/APH.14.2001.1-4.22 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481LJ UT WOS:000171520500022 ER PT J AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, L TI New results on theory of AA collisions at RHIC energy SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Issues in Elementary Matter CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL BAD HONNEF, GERMANY DE quark-gluon plasma; color glass condensate; ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QUARK; QCD AB I discuss recent theoretical work about AA collisions at RHIC energies, largely from our group at BNL and the group at the RIKEN-BNL Center. Most of the discussion is about the impact of the Color Glass Condensate on the production and evolution of matter in heavy ion collisions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11979 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11979 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1556/APH.14.2001.1-4.24 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481LJ UT WOS:000171520500024 ER PT J AU Rischke, DH AF Rischke, DH TI Properties of gluons in color superconductors SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Issues in Elementary Matter CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL BAD HONNEF, GERMANY DE quark-gluon plasma; quarks; gluons; and QCD in nuclei ID HIGH-DENSITY QCD; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY BREAKING; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; FINITE BARYON DENSITY; STRANGE QUARK MATTER; RANDOM-MATRIX MODEL; FLAVOR-LOCKING; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; MESON MASS; ART. AB I give an introduction to color superconductivity in cold, dense quark matter. I focus in particular on how the solution to the gap equation is qualitatively different in ordinary BCS theory with local four-fermion interactions, in theories with non-local, but screened boson exchange, and in QCD, where magnetic gluon exchange is not screened at zero temperature. I argue that a reliable computation of the gap parameter requires knowledge of the gluon self-energy in a color superconductor. As a first step to determine the gluon self-energy, I report calculations of the Debye and Meissner masses in two- and three-flavor color superconductors. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 329 EP 340 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481LJ UT WOS:000171520500031 ER PT J AU Zschiesche, D Bass, S Bleicher, M Brachmann, J Gerland, L Paech, K Scherer, S Soff, S Spieles, C Weber, H Stocker, H Greiner, W AF Zschiesche, D Bass, S Bleicher, M Brachmann, J Gerland, L Paech, K Scherer, S Soff, S Spieles, C Weber, H Stocker, H Greiner, W TI Current status of quark-gluon plasma signals SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Issues in Elementary Matter CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL BAD HONNEF, GERMANY DE QGP signals; strangeness; J/psi; particle ratios; flow; dileptons ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PLUS PB COLLISIONS; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; PHASE-TRANSITION; J/PSI PRODUCTION; SUPPRESSION; STRANGENESS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; MULTIPLICITIES AB Compelling evidence for the creation of a new form of matter has been claimed to be found in Pb+Pb collisions at SPS. We discuss the uniqueness of often proposed experimental signatures for quark matter formation in relativistic heavy ion collisions. It is demonstrated that so far none of the proposed signals like J/psi, meson production/suppression, strangeness enhancement, dileptons, and directed flow unambiguously show that a phase of deconfined matter has been formed in SPS Pb+Pb collisions. We emphasize the need for systematic future measurements to search for simultaneous irregularities in the excitation functions of several observables in order to come close to pinning the properties of hot, dense QCD matter from data. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zschiesche, D (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Bleicher, Marcus/A-2758-2010; Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013; OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664; Bass, Steffen/0000-0002-9451-0954 NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 425 EP 438 DI 10.1556/APH.14.2001.1-4.40 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481LJ UT WOS:000171520500040 ER PT J AU Dioszegi, I Mazumdar, I Paul, P AF Dioszegi, I Mazumdar, I Paul, P TI Nuclear viscosity of hot rotating Cf-240 SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exotic Nuclear Structures (ENS 2000) CY MAY 15-20, 2000 CL DEBRECEN, HUNGARY SP Kernfis Versneller Inst DE Cf-140; GDR; modified statistical model AB In a detailed investigation of giant dipole resonance (GDR) gamma -ray yield from Cf-240 populated in the S-32 + Pb-208 reaction, the absolute gamma -ray/fission multiplicities are extracted over a wide range of excitation energy and angular momentum. The enhanced yield of GDR decay gamma rays has been analyzed within the framework of a modified statistical model containing the nuclear viscosity as a free parameter. The extracted nuclear dissipation coefficient is found to be independent of the temperature. Large constant dissipation during the saddle-to-scission path provides good fits to the gamma -ray spectra. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Dioszegi, I (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1-3 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1556/APH.13.2001.1-3.24 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 435TZ UT WOS:000168898400024 ER PT J AU Randrup, J AF Randrup, J TI Phase structure of the semi-classical linear sigma model SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE relativistic heavy-ion collisions; linear sigma model; phase structure ID DISORIENTED CHIRAL CONDENSATE; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; DCC AB In order to establish a quantitative framework for assessing the reliability of dynamical simulations of DCC phenomena with the send-classical mean-field treatment of the linear sigma model, we determine and discuss the phase structure implied by this approximate treatment. While the results appear to be physically reasonable for realistic scenarios, where the pion mass and the volume are finite, the approximate treatment might be less appropriate for idealized scenarios involving small masses and large volumes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Randrup, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 4 BP 229 EP 242 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 456WJ UT WOS:000170105500005 ER PT S AU Olivier, SS AF Olivier, SS BE Tyson, RK Bonaccini, D Roggemann, MC TI Advanced adaptive optics technology development SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology II CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; wavefront control; MEMS; deformable mirror; liquid crystal; spatial light modulator ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR AB The NSF Center for Adaptive Optics (CfAO) is supporting research on advanced adaptive optics technologies. CfAO research activities include development and characterization of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) deformable mirror (DM) technology, as well as development and characterization of high-resolution adaptive optics systems using liquid crystal (LC) spatial light modulator (SLM) technology. This paper presents an overview of the CfAO advanced adaptive optics technology development activities including current status and future plans. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Olivier, SS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-290, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4208-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4494 BP 1 EP 10 AR UNSP 4494-01 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU15M UT WOS:000175163000001 ER PT S AU Bauman, BJ Gavel, DT Waltjen, KE Freeze, GJ Hurd, RL Gates, EL Max, CE Olivier, SS Pennington, DM AF Bauman, BJ Gavel, DT Waltjen, KE Freeze, GJ Hurd, RL Gates, EL Max, CE Olivier, SS Pennington, DM BE Tyson, RK Bonaccini, D Roggemann, MC TI Update on optical design of adaptive optics system at Lick Observatory SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology II CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; deformable mirrors; wavefront sensors; Lick Observatory; laser guide star; sodium guide star ID IMAGE IMPROVEMENT AB In 1999, we presented our plan to upgrade the adaptive optics (AO) system on the Lick Observatory Shane telescope (3m) from a prototype instrument pressed into field service to a facility instrument.(1) This paper updates the progress of that plan and details several important improvements in the alignment and calibration of the AO bench. The paper also includes a discussion of the problems seen in the original design of the tip/tilt (t/t) sensor used in laser guide star mode, and how these problems were corrected with excellent results. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bauman, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,MS L-290, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4208-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4494 BP 19 EP 29 AR UNSP 4494-03 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU15M UT WOS:000175163000003 ER PT S AU Macintosh, BA Olivier, S Bauman, B Brase, J Carr, E Carrano, CJ Gavel, D Max, CE Patience, J AF Macintosh, BA Olivier, S Bauman, B Brase, J Carr, E Carrano, CJ Gavel, D Max, CE Patience, J BE Tyson, RK Bonaccini, D Roggemann, MC TI Practical high-order adaptive optics systems for extrasolar planet searches SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology II CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; astronomy; extrasolar planets AB Direct detection of photons emitted or reflected by an extrasolar planet is an extremely difficult but extremely exciting application of adaptive optics. Typical contrast levels for an extrasolar planet would be 10(9) - Jupiter is a billion times fainter than the sun. Current adaptive optics systems can only achieve contrast levels of 106, but so-called "extreme" adaptive optics systems with 10(4)-10(5) degrees of freedom could potentially detect extrasolar planets. We explore the scaling laws defining the performance of these systems, first set out by Angel (1994), and derive a different definition of an optimal system. Our sensitivity predictions are somewhat more pessimistic than the original paper. due largely to slow decorrelation timescales for some noise sources, though choosing to site an ExAO system at a location with exceptional r(0) (e.g. Mauna Kea) can offset this. We also explore the effects of segment aberrations in a Keck-like telescope on ExAO. although the effects are significant, they can be mitigated through Lyot coronagraphy. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Macintosh, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-413, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4208-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4494 BP 60 EP 68 AR UNSP 4494-07 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU15M UT WOS:000175163000007 ER PT S AU Bauman, BJ Gavel, DT Flath, LM Hurd, RL Max, CE Olivier, SS AF Bauman, BJ Gavel, DT Flath, LM Hurd, RL Max, CE Olivier, SS BE Tyson, RK Bonaccini, D Roggemann, MC TI Proposed multiconjugate adaptive optics experiment at Lick Observatory SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology II CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE multi-conjugate adaptive optics; adaptive optics; laser guide star; sodium guide star; testbed; demonstration; Lick Observatory AB While the theory behind design of multiconjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) systems is growing, there is still a paucity of experience building and testing such instruments. We propose using the Lick adaptive optics (AO) system as a basis for demonstrating the feasibility/workability of MCAO systems, testing underlying assumptions, and experimenting with different approaches to solving MCAO system issues. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bauman, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-290, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4208-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4494 BP 81 EP 88 AR UNSP 4494-12 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU15M UT WOS:000175163000009 ER PT S AU Thompson, CA Wilks, SC Brase, JM Young, RA Johnson, GW Ruggiero, AJ AF Thompson, CA Wilks, SC Brase, JM Young, RA Johnson, GW Ruggiero, AJ BE Tyson, RK Bonaccini, D Roggemann, MC TI Horizontal path laser communications employing MEMS Adaptive Optics correction SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology II CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; optical communications; laser communications; free space optical propagation; free space laser communications; horizontal path communications; horizontal path optical communications; horizontal path laser communications ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; LINK; TURBULENCE AB Horizontal path laser communications are beginning to provide attractive alternatives for high-speed optical communications. In particular, companies are beginning to sell fiberless alternatives for intranet and sporting event video. These applications are primarily aimed at short distance applications (on the order of 1 km pathlength). There exists a potential need to extend this pathlength to distances much greater than a I km. For cases of long distance optical propagation, atmospheric turbulence Will ultimately limit the maximum achievable data rate. In this paper, we propose a method of improved signal quality through the use of adaptive optics. In particular, we show work in progress toward a high-speed, small footprint Adaptive Optics system for horizontal path laser communications. Such a system relies heavily on recent progress in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) deformable mirrors as well as improved communication and computational components. In this paper we detail two Adaptive Optics approaches for improved through-put, the first is the compensated receiver (the traditional Adaptive Optics approach), the second is the compensated transmitter/receiver. The second approach allows for correction of the optical wavefront before transmission from the transmitter and prior to detection at the receiver. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Thompson, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-290, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4208-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4494 BP 89 EP 95 AR UNSP 4494-13 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU15M UT WOS:000175163000010 ER PT S AU Gavel, DT AF Gavel, DT BE Tyson, RK Bonaccini, D Roggemann, MC TI Adaptive optics control strategies for extremely large telescopes SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology II CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB Adaptive optics for the 30-100 meter class telescopes now being considered will require an extension in almost every area of AO system component technology. In this paper, we present scaling laws and strawman error budgets for AO systems on extremely large telescopes (ELTs) and discuss the implications for component technology and computational architecture. In the component technology area, we discuss the advanced efforts being pursued at the NSF Center for Adaptive Optics (CfAO) in the development of large number of degrees of freedom deformable mirrors, wavefront sensors, and guidestar lasers. It is important to note that the scaling of present wavefront reconstructor algorithms will become computationally intractable for ELTs and will require the development of new algorithms and advanced numerical mathematics techniques. We present the computational issues and discuss the characteristics of new algorithmic approaches that show promise in scaling to ELT AO systems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gavel, DT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4208-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4494 BP 215 EP 220 AR UNSP 4494-27 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU15M UT WOS:000175163000021 ER PT S AU Gavel, DT Max, CE Olivier, SS Bauman, B Pennington, DM Macintosh, BA Patience, J Brown, CG Danforth, PM Hurd, RL Gates, EL Severson, SA Lloyd, JP AF Gavel, DT Max, CE Olivier, SS Bauman, B Pennington, DM Macintosh, BA Patience, J Brown, CG Danforth, PM Hurd, RL Gates, EL Severson, SA Lloyd, JP BE Tyson, RK Bonaccini, D Roggemann, MC TI Science with Laser Guide Stars at Lick Observatory SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology II CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM AB The Lick Observatory laser guide star adaptive optics system has been significantly upgraded over the past two years in order to establish it as a facility science instrument on the Shane 3 meter telescope. Natural Guide Star (NGS) mode has been in use in regular science observing programs for over a year. The Laser Guide Star (LGS) mode has been tested in engineering runs and is now starting to do science observing. In good seeing conditions, the system produces K-band Strehl ratios >0.7 (NGS) and >0.6 (LGS). In LGS mode tip/tilt guiding is achieved with a Vsimilar to16 natural star anywhere inside a 1 arcminute radius field, which provides about 50% sky coverage. This enables diffraction-limited imaging of regions where few bright guidestars suitable for NGS mode are available. NGS mode requires at least a Vsimilar to13 guidestar and has a sky coverage of <1%. LGS science programs will include high resolution studies of galaxies, active galactic nuclei. QSO host galaxies and dim pre-main sequence stars. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gavel, DT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4208-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4494 BP 336 EP 342 AR UNSP 4494-41 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU15M UT WOS:000175163000033 ER PT S AU Wilks, SC Thompson, CA Olivier, SS Bauman, BJ Flath, L Silva, D Sawvel, R AF Wilks, SC Thompson, CA Olivier, SS Bauman, BJ Flath, L Silva, D Sawvel, R BE Tyson, RK Bonaccini, D Roggemann, MC TI High-resolution adaptive optics test-bed for vision science SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology II CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; liquid crystal; spatial light modulator; vision; ophthalmology; visual acuity ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; HUMAN EYE; CRYSTAL; PERFORMANCE AB We discuss the design and implementation of a low-cost, high-resolution adaptive optics test-bed for vision research. It is well known that high-order aberrations in the human eye reduce optical resolution and limit visual acuity. However, the effects of aberration-free eyesight on vision are only now beginning to be studied using adaptive optics to sense and correct the aberrations in the eye.(1) We are developing a high-resolution adaptive optics system for this purpose using a Hamamatsu Parallel Aligned Nematic Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator. Phase-wrapping is used to extend the effective stroke of the device, and the wavefront sensing and wavefront correction are done at different wavelengths. Issues associated with these techniques will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilks, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4208-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4494 BP 349 EP 356 AR UNSP 4494-45 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU15M UT WOS:000175163000035 ER PT S AU Tajima, T AF Tajima, T BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Tribute to John M. Dawson: "Pre-historic days" of the Dawson-Tajima 1979 paper SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tajima, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 23 EP 25 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300002 ER PT S AU Colby, ER Gai, W AF Colby, ER Gai, W BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Summary report of the working group on electromagnetic structure-based acceleration concepts SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div AB Significant progress in both the study of new acceleration structures and in the production and experimental testing of a variety of structures has taken place since the last Conference. Staging of laser accelerator sections and acceleration of particles by a microwave inverse FEL was demonstrated for the first time, fabrication of 92 GHz structures compatible with high power was demonstrated, new experimental results on dielectric based acceleration concept were presented, and detailed analysis of a new accelerator scheme, the inverted medium accelerator, was discussed. Novel structure development continued apace, with twisted waveguide structures, resonantly driven dielectric wakefield accelerators, and evanescent-mode capillary guide laser accelerators all being introduced. Power sources present and future and their impact on structure development were examined together with the need for renewed vigor in studying rf breakdown at higher frequencies. The needs and potential applications for table top radiation sources were discussed, with the expectation that development efforts in this area would directly impact the design of a future collider. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Colby, ER (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Mail Stop 07,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 47 EP 56 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300006 ER PT S AU Conde, ME Katsouleas, T AF Conde, ME Katsouleas, T BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Summary report: Working Group 5 on "Electron beam-driven plasma and structure based acceleration concepts" SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div AB The talks presented and the work performed on electron beam-driven accelerators in plasmas and structures are summarized. Highlights of the working group include new experimental results from the E-157 Plasma Wakefield Experiment, the E-150 Plasma Lens Experiment and the Argonne Dielectric Structure Wakefield experiments. The presentations inspired discussion and analysis of three working topics: electron hose instability, ion channel lasers and the plasma afterburner. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Conde, ME (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 362, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300008 ER PT S AU Tajima, T AF Tajima, T BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Summary of Working Group 7 on "Exotic acceleration schemes" SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div AB Exotic concepts of advanced acceleration technologies have been explored by Group 7 under the leadership of T. Tajima and T. Smith (who could not attend) at the AAC. Explored concepts are: (1) proton (ion) acceleration by laser, (2) additional ion acceleration methods, (3) crystal x-rays and acceleration, (4) vacuum acceleration, (5) active medium acceleration, and (6) some advanced methods in laser wakefield. The first subject of laser photon acceleration was discussed jointly with Group 1 and in the end the participants came to an agreement on the mechanism of proton acceleration by laser irradiation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tajima, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300010 ER PT S AU Leemans, WP Rodgers, D Catravas, PE Fubiani, G Geddes, CGR Esarey, E Shadwick, BA Brussaard, GJH van Tilborg, J Chattopadhyay, S Wurtele, JS Archambault, L Dickinson, MR DiMaggio, S Short, R Barat, KL Donahue, R Floyd, J Smith, A Wong, E AF Leemans, WP Rodgers, D Catravas, PE Fubiani, G Geddes, CGR Esarey, E Shadwick, BA Brussaard, GJH van Tilborg, J Chattopadhyay, S Wurtele, JS Archambault, L Dickinson, MR DiMaggio, S Short, R Barat, KL Donahue, R Floyd, J Smith, A Wong, E BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Laser wakefield accelerator experiments at LBNL SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID PLASMA-BASED ACCELERATORS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; PULSES; GENERATION; INJECTION; CHANNEL; WAVES AB The status is presented of the laser wakefield acceleration research at the l'OASIS laboratory of the Center for Beam Physics at LBNL. Experiments have been performed on laser driven production of relativistic electron beams from plasmas using a high repetition rate (10 Hz), high power (10 TW) Ti:sapphire (0.8 mum) laser system. Large amplitude plasma waves have been excited in the self-modulated laser wakefield regime by tightly focusing (spot diameter 8 mum) a single high power (less than or equal to 10 TW), ultra-short (greater than or equal to 50 fs) laser pulse onto a high density (> 10(19) cm(-3)) pulsed gasjet (length 1.2 mm). Nuclear activation measurements in lead and copper targets indicate the production of electrons with energy in excess of 25 MeV. This result was confirmed by electron distribution measurements using a bending magnet spectrometer. Progress on implementing the colliding pulse laser injection method is also presented. This method is expected to produce low emittance (< 1 pi mm-mrad), low energy spread (< 1%), ultrashort (fs), 40 MeV electron bunches containing 10(7) electrons/bunch. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leemans, WP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Brussaard, Seth/A-3771-2013; wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 136 EP 145 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300017 ER PT S AU Shvets, G AF Shvets, G BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Parametric excitation of plasma waves by counter-propagating laser beams detuned by 2 omega(P) SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID AMPLIFICATION; ACCELERATION; PULSES AB Short and long wavelength plasma waves can become strongly coupled in the presence of two counter-propagating laser pulses detuned by twice the cold plasma frequency omega (p). This coupling leads to the exponential amplification of the plasma waves at a rate proportional to the product of the laser amplitudes. A minimum product of the laser intensities is required for the instability when the laser detuning differs from 2 omega (p). Even for significant departures from the optimal detuning, this finite intensity threshold remains modest and achievable using modern lasers. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shvets, G (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 195 EP 203 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300023 ER PT S AU Shvets, G Li, XH AF Shvets, G Li, XH BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Suppression of Raman forward scattering in plasma channels SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID INTENSE LASER-PULSE; SELF-MODULATION; PROPAGATION; INSTABILITY AB Raman Forward Scattering (RFS) instability of an intense laser pulse in a single-moded plasma channel is studied in the slab geometry. For a particular class of channels the growth rate is found to be significantly smaller than in the homogeneous plasma. This reduction, appreciable even for sub-relativistic laser intensities and shallow plasma channels, is caused by the radial shear of the plasma frequency and the existence of the collisionlessly damped hybrid (electrostatic/electromagnetic) modes of the transversely inhomogeneous plasma. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shvets, G (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 204 EP 213 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300024 ER PT S AU Esarey, E Shadwick, BA Schroeder, CB Wurtele, JS Leemans, WP AF Esarey, E Shadwick, BA Schroeder, CB Wurtele, JS Leemans, WP BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Nonparaxial propagation of intense laser pulses in plasmas SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID PREFORMED PLASMA; SELF-MODULATION; TENUOUS PLASMAS; WAVE-GUIDE; CHANNELS; RAMAN; SCATTERING; GENERATION; ULTRASHORT AB Non-paraxial propagation of ultrashort, high power laser pulses in plasma channels is examined. In the adiabatic limit, pulse, energy conservation, nonlinear group velocity, damped betatron oscillations, self-steepening, self-phase modulation, and shock formation are analyzed. In the non-adiabatic limit, the coupling of forward Raman scattering (FRS) and the self-modulation instability (SMI) is analyzed and growth rates are derived, including regimes of reduced growth. The SMI is found to dominate FRS in most regimes of interest. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Esarey, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 214 EP 222 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300025 ER PT S AU Power, JG Conde, ME Gai, W Kanareyken, A Konecny, R Schoessow, P AF Power, JG Conde, ME Gai, W Kanareyken, A Konecny, R Schoessow, P BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Experimental measurements of wakefields in a multimode, dielectric structure driven by a train of electron bunches SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID WAKE-FIELD AB We report on the experimental result, of a new wakefield acceleration scheme. The multibunch driven, multinode, dielectric wakefield accelerator was demonstrated at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA). In this experiment, a bunch train of 4, 5 nC electron bunches, separated by 760 ps, was passed through a 60 cm long dielectric-lined cylindrical waveguide. The separation was chosen to match the net acceleration wavelength of the multimode structure. By carefully measuring the energy spectrum of the 4 beams after they passed through the waveguide, we demonstrated that the wakefield is indeed enhanced by a train of periodically spaced electron bunches. The analysis of the multinode structure driven by a bunch train was done by a trivial extension to the existing theory since we ire operating ill the linear regime. This work represents the first experimental demonstration of this concept and also shows that multibunch operation of wakefield accelerators is worthy of further investigation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Power, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 258 EP 265 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300030 ER PT S AU Gai, W Conde, ME Konecny, R Power, JG Schoessow, P Sun, X Zou, P AF Gai, W Conde, ME Konecny, R Power, JG Schoessow, P Sun, X Zou, P BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Experimental demonstration of dielectric structure based two beam acceleration SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div AB We report on the experimental results of the dielectric based two beam accelerator (step-up transformer). By using a single high charge beam, we have generated and extracted a high power RF pulse from a 7.8 GHz primary dielectric structure and then subsequently transferred to a second accelerating structure with higher dielectric constant and smaller transverse dimensions. We have measured the energy change of a second (witness) beam passing through the acceleration stage. The measured gradient is > 4 times the deceleration gradient. The detailed experiment of set-up and results of the measurements are discussed. Future plans for the development of a 100 MeV demonstration accelerator based on this technique is presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gai, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300033 ER PT S AU Kang, YW AF Kang, YW BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Twisted waveguide accelerating structure SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div AB Regular straight hollow waveguides have phase velocities of propagating electromagnetic waves greater than the free-space speed of light. However, it has been found that, if the waveguide is twisted, the phase velocities of the waveguide modes become slower. By choosing optimum shape of the cross section and pitch angle of a twisted waveguide, a desired phase velocity of the accelerating mode can be obtained for accelerating charged particles. This type of accelerating structure may have advantages over the conventional iris-loaded structures. The twisted waveguide structure has been modeled and computer simulated in 3-D electromagnetic solvers to show the slow-wave properties of the accelerating mode. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kang, YW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 335 EP 339 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300038 ER PT S AU Le Sage, GP Anderson, SG Cowan, TE Crane, JK Ditmire, T Rosenzweig, JB AF Le Sage, GP Anderson, SG Cowan, TE Crane, JK Ditmire, T Rosenzweig, JB BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI RF photoinjector development for a short-pulse, hard X-ray Thomson scattering source SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID LASER-PULSES; PLASMAS; BEAMS AB An important motivation in the development of the next generation x-ray light sources is to achieve picosecond and sub-ps pulses of hard x-rays for dynamic studies of a variety of physical, chemical and biological processes. Present hard x-ray sources are either pulse-width or intensity limited, which allows ps-scale temporal resolution only for signal averaging of highly repetitive processes. A much faster and brighter hard x-ray source is being developed at LLNL, based on Thomson scattering of fs-laser pulses by a relativistic electron beam, which will enable x-ray characterization of the transient structure of a sample in a single shot. Experimental and diagnostic techniques relevant to the development of next generation sources including the Linac Coherent Light Source can be tested with the Thomson scattering hard x-ray source. This source will combine an. RF photoinjector with it 100 MeV S-band linac. The photoinjector and linac also provide an ideal test-bed for examining space-charge induced emittance growth effects. A program of beam dynamics and diagnostic experiments are planned in parallel with Thomson source development. Our experimental progress and future plans will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Le Sage, GP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 391 EP 404 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300043 ER PT S AU Fubiani, G Leemans, W Esarey, E AF Fubiani, G Leemans, W Esarey, E BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Studies of space-charge effects in ultrashort electron bunches SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID COLLIDING LASER-PULSES; ACCELERATION; GENERATION; WAKEFIELD AB Laser-driven plasma-based accelerators are capable of producing ultrashort electron bunches in which the longitudinal size is much smaller than the transverse size. We present theoretical studies of the transport of such electron bunches in vacuum. Space charge forces acting on the bunch are calculated using an ellipsoidal bunch shape model. The effects of space charge forces and energy spread on longitudinal and transverse bunch properties are evaluated for various bunch lengths, energies and amount of charge. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fubiani, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 423 EP 435 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300046 ER PT S AU Hartemann, FV Le Foll, A Kerman, AK Rupp, B Gibson, DJ Landahl, EC Troha, AL Luhmann, NC Baldis, HA AF Hartemann, FV Le Foll, A Kerman, AK Rupp, B Gibson, DJ Landahl, EC Troha, AL Luhmann, NC Baldis, HA BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Three-dimensional theory of emittance in Compton scattering SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID INTENSE LASER-PULSES; THOMSON SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ELECTRONS; VACUUM; DESIGN; BEAMS AB A three-dimensional theory of Compton scattering is described, which accounts for the effects the electron beam emittance and energy spread on the scattered x-ray brightness. The radiation scattered by an electron subjected to an arbitrary electromagnetic field in vacuum is derived in the linear regime, neglecting radiative corrections; it is found that each vacuum eigenmode gives rise to a single Doppler-shifted classical dipole excitation. This formalism is then applied to Compton scattering in a three-dimensional laser focus, and yields a complete description of the influence of the electron beam phase-space topology on the x-ray brightness; analytical expressions including the effects of emittance and energy spread are also obtained in the one-dimensional limit. With these results, the x-ray brightness generated by a 25 MeV electron beam is modeled, taking into account the beam emittance, energy spread, and the three-dimensional nature of the laser focus; its application to x-ray protein crystallography is outlined. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hartemann, FV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 450 EP 464 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300048 ER PT S AU Esarey, E Catravas, P Leemans, WP AF Esarey, E Catravas, P Leemans, WP BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Betatron radiation from electron beams in plasma focusing channels SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID ACCELERATION; LASER AB Spontaneous radiation emitted from an electron undergoing betatron motion is a plasma focusing channel is analyzed and applications to plasma wakefield accelerator experiments and to the ion channel laser (ICL) are discussed. Important similarities and differences between a free electron laser (FEL) and in an ICL are delineated. It is shown that the frequency of spontaneous radiation is a strong function of the betatron strength parameter alpha (beta), which plays a similar role to that of the wiggler strength parameter in a conventional FEL. For alpha (beta) greater than or similar to 1, radiation is emitted in numerous harmonics. Furthermore, alpha (beta) is proportional to the amplitude of the betatron orbit, which varies for every electron in the beam. This places serious limits on the possibility of realizing an ICL. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Esarey, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 473 EP 486 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300050 ER PT S AU Ng, JST Chen, P Baldis, HA Bolton, P Cline, D Craddock, W Crawford, C Decker, FJ Field, RC Fukui, Y Kumar, V Hogan, MJ Iverson, R King, F Kirby, RE Kotseroglou, T Nakajima, K Noble, R Ogata, A Raimondi, P Walz, D Weidemann, AW AF Ng, JST Chen, P Baldis, HA Bolton, P Cline, D Craddock, W Crawford, C Decker, FJ Field, RC Fukui, Y Kumar, V Hogan, MJ Iverson, R King, F Kirby, RE Kotseroglou, T Nakajima, K Noble, R Ogata, A Raimondi, P Walz, D Weidemann, AW BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Plasma focusing of high energy density electron and positron beams SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID LENS AB We present results from the SLAC E-150 experiment oil plasma focusing of high energy density electron and, for the first thue, positron beams. We also prc sent results on plasma lens-induced synchrotron radiation, longitudinal dynamics of plasma focusing, and laser- and beam-plasma interactions. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ng, JST (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 518 EP 528 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300053 ER PT S AU Carlsten, BE AF Carlsten, BE BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI High-brightness electron beam production, transport, and measurement SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID EMITTANCE COMPENSATION; PHOTOINJECTORS; INTENSE AB This paper will review some of the recent developments in the area of high-brightness electron beams, Most of the paper will be devoted to emittance compensation concepts relating to high-brightness beam production in photoinjectors. Recent interpretation of emittance compensation and the residual emittance after compensation in terms of wave breaking has provided valuable insights into the process. Wave breaking also appears to have an influence on emittance growth and halo production in transport lines, which we will briefly discuss. There has been advances in understanding the emittance growth of bunches in circular motion, particularly related to the cancellation of longitudinal and transverse energy-independent forces. Finally, some non-intercepting bunch length and emittance diagnostic approaches will be reviewed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 529 EP 543 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300054 ER PT S AU Clendenin, JE AF Clendenin, JE BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Recent advances in electron and positron sources SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID LINEAR COLLIDERS; POLARIZED ELECTRONS; BEAMS AB Recent advances in electron and positron sources have resulted in new capabilities driven in most cases by the increasing demands of advanced accelerating systems. Electron sources for brighter beams and for high average-current beams are described. The status and remaining challenges for polarized electron beams are also discussed. For positron sources, recent activity in the development of polarized positron beams for future colliders is reviewed. Finally, a new proposal for combining laser cooling with beam polarization is presented. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Clendenin, JE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 563 EP 570 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300057 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV Ben-Zvi, I Hirose, T Kashiwagi, S Kusche, K Kumita, T Omori, T Yakimenko, V Yokoya, K Urakawa, J Washio, M AF Pogorelsky, IV Ben-Zvi, I Hirose, T Kashiwagi, S Kusche, K Kumita, T Omori, T Yakimenko, V Yokoya, K Urakawa, J Washio, M BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Development of high-brightness laser synchrotron source at BNL ATF SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID X-RAY; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; THOMSON SCATTERING; PULSES; BEAMS AB The counter-propagating picosecond CO2 laser pulse and picosecond or femtosecond electron bunch produced by the photocathode linac shape the optimum configuration for the ultra-bright relativistic Thomson scattering x-ray source. Using these components, a proof-of-principle experiment at the ATF reached the x-ray photon yield of 8x10(6) measured in the 1.8-2.3 Angstrom window per 3.5 ps pulse. Upon completion of the ongoing upgrade of the ATF laser and linac, 300 fs x-ray pulses With intensity of 5X10(22) photon/second will be obtained. This will provide also an opportunity for fundamental study of the nonlinear Thomson scattering at the laser strength parameter close to 1. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of a high repetition rate Thomson source and how plasma channels facilitate this design. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, 725 C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 571 EP 582 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300058 ER PT S AU Parsa, Z AF Parsa, Z BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Muon cooling - Emittance exchange SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div AB Muon Cooling is the key factor in building of a Muon collider, to a less degree) Muon storage ring, and a Neutrino Factory. Muon colliders potential to provide a probe for fundamental particle physics is very interesting, but may take a considerable time to realize, as much more work and study is needed. Utilizing high intensity Muon sources - Neutrino Factories, and other intermediate steps are very important and will greatly expand our abilities and confidence in the credibility of high energy muon colliders. To obtain the needed collider luminosity, the phase-space volume must be greatly reduced within the muon life time. The Ionization cooling is the preferred method used to compress the phase space and reduce the emittance to obtain high luminosity muon beams. We note that, the ionization losses results not only in damping, but also heating. The use of alternating solenoid lattices has been proposed, where the emittance are large. We present an overview of the cooling and discuss formalism, solenoid magnets and some beam dynamics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Parsa, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 583 EP 590 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300059 ER PT S AU Power, JG Gai, W Kanareykin, A AF Power, JG Gai, W Kanareykin, A BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Transformer ratio enhancement using a ramped bunch train in a collinear wakefield accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID WAKE-FIELD AB We present a practical method for achieving a transformer ratio (R) greater than 2 with any collinear wakefield accelerator - i.e. with either plasma or structure based wakefield accelerators. It is known that the transformer ratio cannot generally be greater than 2 for a symmetric drive bunch in a collinear wakefield accelerator. However, using a Tamped bunch train (RBT) where a train of n electron drive bunches, with increasing ('ramping') charge, one can achieve R = 2n after the bunch train. We believe this method is feasible from an engineering standpoint using existing technology and an experiment to be preformed at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) is planned. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Power, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 605 EP 615 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300061 ER PT S AU Zou, P Gai, W Konecny, R Sun, X Wong, T AF Zou, P Gai, W Konecny, R Sun, X Wong, T BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI X-band dielectric loaded traveling-wave acceleration structure SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID WAKE-FIELD AB We report on the construction, numerical modeling and experimental testing of a traveling-wave acceleration structure based on a dielectric-lined circular waveguide. This type of structure has similar acceleration properties to disk-loaded metal slow wave structures but with some distinct advantages in terms of simplicity of fabrication, suppression of parasitic wakefield effects, and having no dark current. Efficient coupling of external RF power to the cylindrical dielectric waveguide is a technical challenge, particularly to structures loaded with very high dielectric constant materials. We have designed and constructed an 11.4GHz structure loaded with ceramic with dielectric constant of 20, to be powered by an external RF power source. High efficiency RF coupling has been achieved using a combination of a tapered dielectric end section and a carefully adjusted coupling slot. Beach tests using a network analyzer have demonstrated a power coupling efficiency in excess of 95% with bandwidth of 30 MHz, and vacuum tests have also shown that this dielectric loaded structure can be operated in an ultra-high vacuum environment. Thus, this work provides a necessary basis for construction of an accelerator using this kind of structure. We have also simulated the parameters of this structure using MAFI Lambda. Within the limits of the approximations used, the results are in agreement with the bench measurements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zou, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 679 EP 685 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300067 ER PT S AU Houck, T Lidia, S Westenskow, G AF Houck, T Lidia, S Westenskow, G BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI RTA beam dynamics experiments: Limiting cumulative transverse instability growth in a linear periodic system SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div AB A critical issue for a Two-Beam accelerator based upon extended relativistic klystrons is controlling the cumulative dipole instability growth We describe a theoretical scheme to reduce the growth front an exponential to a more manageable linear rate, and a new experiment to test this concept. The experiment utilizes a 1-MeV, 600-Amp. 200-ns electron beam and a short beamline of periodically spaced RF dipole pillbox cavities and solenoid magnets for transport. Descriptions of the RTA injector and the planned beamline are presented. followed by theoretical studies of the beam transport and dipole mode growth. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Houck, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-645, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 686 EP 694 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300068 ER PT S AU Nantista, CD Tantawi, SG AF Nantista, CD Tantawi, SG BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Multi-moded passive RF pulse compression development at SLAC SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div AB The design of a pulse compressing power distribution system for the Next Linear Collider has evolved significantly in the past few years. This system allows the combined power of several klystrons to be directed, by means of drive Phase manipulation, to different accelerator feeds at different times during each pulse. The desire to reduce the amount of required low-loss. circular-waveguide delay line has led to multi-moded schemes [1], in which different modes are propagated through the same waveguide to different destinations. We will present current plans, for a system utilizing two modes, in which manipulations are done primarily iii overmoded rectangular guide. We will describe several novel, passive waveguide components developed for this system. Because these must carry up to 600 MW pulsed if power, features that invite breakdown, such as coupling slots, irises, and septa, are avoided, and li-plane Symmetry is exploited to allow the use of overheight waveguide. This X-hand pulse compressor is scalable to higher frequencies. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Nantista, CD (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 702 EP 711 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300070 ER PT S AU Scheitrum, G Caryotakis, G Haase, A Song, L Arfin, B Cheng, Y Shew, B James, B AF Scheitrum, G Caryotakis, G Haase, A Song, L Arfin, B Cheng, Y Shew, B James, B BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Design and fabrication of a 94 GHz klystron SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div AB The design and fabrication issues arising from the development of a 94 GHz, 100kW klystron are discussed. The klystron beam, is focused using, periodic permanent magnets that are mounted in the vacuum envelope. Several circuit fabrication processes were considered before the "LIGA" lithographic process was chosen. LIGA has the dimensional tolerances and surface finish required for klystron operation at 94 GHz. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Scheitrum, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 712 EP 724 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300071 ER PT S AU Xie, M AF Xie, M BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Principle of alternating gradient acceleration SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div AB Principle of alternating gradient acceleration ib proposed to overcome one of the major limitations on laser acceleration: phase slippage due to the difference between phase velocity of acceleration wave and longitudinal speed of accelerated particle. According to the principle, net acceleration can be achieved in various ways even under continuous phase slippage. Single particle dynamics of both longitudinal and transverse motions are investigated under alternating gradient acceleration. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xie, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 850 EP 857 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300083 ER PT S AU Parsa, Z AF Parsa, Z BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI Muon sources - nu factory to mu(+/-) colliders SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID STORAGE-RINGS; NEUTRINO AB Employing intense muon sources to carry out forefront low energy research, such as the search for muon - number non conservation, or for the purpose of providing intense high energy neutrino beams (nu factory) represents very interesting possibilities. If successful, such efforts would significantly advance the state of muon technology and provides intermediate steps in technologies required for a future high energy muon collider complex. High intensity muon: production, capture, cooling, acceleration and multiturn muon storage rings axe some of the key technology issues that needs more studies and development. A muon collider require basically same number of muons as for the muon storage ring Neutrino Factory, but would require more cooling, and simultaneus capture of both +/- mu. We present air overview of Muon Sources - Neutrino Factories, example of a muon storage ring at BNL, and possible upgrades to a full Muon Collider. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Parsa, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 890 EP 902 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300088 ER PT S AU Chen, P Cheshkov, S Ruth, R Tajima, T AF Chen, P Cheshkov, S Ruth, R Tajima, T BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI An ultra-high gradient Plasma Wakefield booster SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATION; ELECTRON-BEAM; DYNAMICS AB We present a Plasma Wakefield Acceleration (PWFA) scheme that can in principle provide an acceleration gradient above 100 GeV/m, based on a reasonable modification of the existing SLAC beam parameters. We also study a possible up-grade of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) to hundreds of GeV center-of-mass energy using such a PWFA as a booster. The emittance degradation of the accelerated beams by the plasma wakefield focus is relatively small due to a uniform transverse distribution of the driving beam and the single stage acceleration. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 903 EP 913 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300089 ER PT S AU Bhat, PC AF Bhat, PC BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Advanced analysis methods in high energy physics SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst ID TEVATRON AB During the coming decade, high energy physics experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron and around the globe will use very sophisticated equipment to record unprecedented amounts of data in the hope of making major discoveries that may unravel some of Nature's deepest mysteries. The discovery of the Higgs boson and signals of new physics may be around the corner. The use of advanced analysis techniques will be crucial in achieving these goals. I will discuss some of the novel methods of analysis that could prove to be particularly valuable for finding evidence of any new physics, for improving precision measurements and for exploring parameter spaces of theoretical models. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bhat, PC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500003 ER PT S AU Foster, I AF Foster, I BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Grid computing SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB The term "Grid Computing" refers to the use, for computational purposes, of emerging distributed Grid infrastructures: that is, network and middleware services designed to provide on-demand and high-performance access to all important computational resources within an organization or community. Grid computing promises to enable both evolutionary and revolutionary changes in the practice of computational science and engineering based on new application modalities such as high-speed distributed analysis of large datasets, collaborative engineering and visualization, desktop access to computation via "science portals," rapid parameter studies and Monte Carlo simulations that use all available resources within an organization, and online analysis of data from scientific instruments. In this article. I examine the status of Grid computing circa 2000, briefly reviewing some relevant history, outlining major current Grid research and development activities, and pointing out likely directions for future work. I also present a number of case studies, selected to illustrate the potential of Grid computing in various areas of science. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM itf@mcs.anl.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500007 ER PT S AU McCrory, ES Michelotti, L Ostiguy, JF AF McCrory, ES Michelotti, L Ostiguy, JF BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Online modeling of the Fermilab accelerators SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB We have implemented access to beam physics models of the Fermilab accelerators and beamlines through the Fermilab control system. The models run on Unix workstations, communicating with legacy controls software through a front end redirection mechanism (the open access server), a relational database and a simple text-based protocol over TCPAP. The clients and the server are implemented in object-oriented C++. We discuss limitations of our approach and the difficulties that arise from it. Some of the obstacles may be overcome by introducing a new layer of abstraction. To maintain compatibility with the next generation of accelerator control software currently under development at the laboratory, this layer would be implemented in Java. We discuss the implications of that choice. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP McCrory, ES (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 122 EP 124 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500026 ER PT S AU Ostiguy, JF AF Ostiguy, JF BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI A Beamline Matching application based on open source software SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB An interactive Beamline Matching application has been developed using beamline and automatic differentiation class libraries. Various freely available components were used; in particular, the user interface is based on FLTK, a C++ toolkit distributed under the terms of the GNU Public License (GPL). The result is an application that compiles without modifications under both X-Windows and Win32 and offers the same look and feel under both operating environments. In this paper, we discuss some of the practical issues that were confronted and the choices that were made. In particular, we discuss object-based event propagation mechanisms, multithreading, language mixing and persistence. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Beam Phys Dept, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ostiguy, JF (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Beam Phys Dept, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 125 EP 127 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500027 ER PT S AU Gaines, I Qian, S AF Gaines, I Qian, S BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI More performance results and implementation of an object oriented track reconstruction model in different OO frameworks SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB This is an update of the report about an Object Oriented (OO) track reconstruction model, which was presented in the previous AIHENP'99 at Crete, Greece. The OO model for the Kalman filtering method has been designed for high energy physics experiments at high luminosity hadron colliders. It has been coded in the C++ programming language and successfully implemented into a few different OO computing environments of the CMS and ATLAS experiments at the future Large Hadron Collider at CERN. We shall report: (1) more performance result; (2) implementing the OO model into the new SW OO framework "Athena" of ATLAS experiment and some upgrades of the OO model itself. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gaines, I (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500030 ER PT S AU Allcock, W Foster, I Tuecke, S Chervenak, A Kesselman, C AF Allcock, W Foster, I Tuecke, S Chervenak, A Kesselman, C BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Protocols and services for distributed data-intensive science SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB We describe work being performed in the Globus project to develop enabling protocols and services for distributed data-intensive science. These services include: High-performance, secure data transfer protocols based on FTP, plus a range of libraries and tools that use these protocols Replica catalog services supporting the creation and location of file replicas in distributed systems These components leverage the substantial body of "Grid" services and protocols developed within the Globus project and by its collaborators, and are being used in a number of data-intensive application projects. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allcock, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 161 EP 163 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500038 ER PT S AU Heinemeyer, S AF Heinemeyer, S BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Two-loop calculations in the MSSM with FeynArts SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst ID EVEN HIGGS BOSONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; WEINBERG MODEL; MASSES AB Recent electroweak two-loop corrections in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) are reviewed. They have been obtained with the help of the programs FeynArts and TwoCalc, making use of the recently finished MSSM model file for FeynArts. Short examples of how to use the two codes together with the analytic result for the O(G(F)(2)m(t)(4)) corrections to the rho -parameter in the MSSM are presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, HET, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Heinemeyer, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, HET, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 205 EP 207 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500051 ER PT S AU MacLachlan, JA AF MacLachlan, JA BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Simple scaling for faster tracking simulation in accelerator multiparticle dynamics SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB Macroparticle tracking is a direct and attractive approach to following the evolution of a phase space distribution. When the particles interact through short range wake fields or when inter-particle force is included, calculations of this kind require a large number of macroparticles. It is possible to reduce both the number of macroparticles required and the number of tracking steps per unit simulated time by employing a simple scaling which can be inferred directly from the single-particle equations of motion. In many cases of practical importance the speed of calculation improves with the fourth power of the scaling constant. Scaling has been implemented in an existing longitudinal tracking code; early experience supports the concept and promises major time savings. Limitations on the scaling are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP MacLachlan, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 220 EP 222 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500055 ER PT S AU Di Pierro, M AF Di Pierro, M BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Matrix distributed processing and FermiQCD SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB Matrix Distributed Processing (MDP) is a collection of classes and functions written in C++ for fast development of efficient parallel algorithms for the most general lattice/grid application. FermiQCD is an Object Oriented Lattice QCD application of MDP, under development at Fermilab. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Di Pierro, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 226 EP 228 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500057 ER PT S AU Annis, J Garzoglio, G Ruthsmandorfer, K Stoughton, C AF Annis, J Garzoglio, G Ruthsmandorfer, K Stoughton, C BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI A Terabyte Analysis Machine for SDSS data SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey data has driven us to design the Terabyte Analysis Machine, a high-I/O compute cluster built on a cluster of commodity computers, a fibre channel network, and a large disk tower; on Linux, on a new cluster file system called GFS, and on the sophisticated SX database. Our initial implementation is a 7 dual processor nodes with 500 Gb of local disk and 730 Gb of global disk. We expect to use the TAM to search the first 1000 sq-degrees of the SDSS for clusters of galaxies. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Annis, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 229 EP 231 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500058 ER PT S AU Terekhov, I White, V Lueking, L Carpenter, L Schellman, H Trumbo, J Veseli, S Vranicar, M AF Terekhov, I White, V Lueking, L Carpenter, L Schellman, H Trumbo, J Veseli, S Vranicar, M BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI SAM for D0 - a fully distributed data access system SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB The SAM (Sequential Access through Meta-data) system is being built as a distributed cache management and data access layer for the DO experiment at Fermilab. The innovation of the project is the fully distributed architecture of the system which is designed to be deployable worldwide. It uses a central database for the mesa-data and a hierarchy of CORBA servers for the actual data movement. SAM provides distributed disk caching, data routing and replication and therefore has components attractive to the Grid. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Terekhov, I (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 247 EP 249 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500064 ER PT S AU Calafiura, P AF Calafiura, P BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI The control actions framework SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB We have developed a prototype application framework that controls the execution of HEP software modules. The control actions framework is based on the well-known "hooks" architecture that many HEP developers are familiar with since the Fortran days. This design focuses on the critical association among the module instances and the controller component and features strongly typed associations, extensive run-time configurability and minimal compile-time dependency. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Calafiura, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 250 EP 252 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500065 ER PT S AU Nogiec, JM Sim, J Trombly-Freytag, K Walbridge, D AF Nogiec, JM Sim, J Trombly-Freytag, K Walbridge, D BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI EMS: A framework for data acquisition and analysis SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB The Extensible Measurement System (EMS) is a universal Java framework for building data analysis and test systems. The objective of the EMS project is to replace a multitude of different existing systems with a single expandable system, capable of accommodating various test and analysis scenarios and varying algorithms. The EMS framework is based on component technology, graphical assembly of systems, introspection and flexibility to accommodate various data processing and data acquisition components. Core system components, common to many application domains, have been identified and designed together with the domain-specific components for the measurement of accelerator magnets. The EMS employs several modern technologies and the result is a highly portable, configurable, and potentially distributed system, with the capability of parallel signal data processing, parameterized test scripting, and run-time reconfiguration. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nogiec, JM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 255 EP 257 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500066 ER PT S AU McGuigan, M Smith, G Spiletic, J Fine, V Nevski, P AF McGuigan, M Smith, G Spiletic, J Fine, V Nevski, P BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI High performance visual display for HENP detectors SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB A high end visual display for High Energy Nuclear Physics (HENP) detectors is necessary because of the sheer size and complexity of the detector. For BNL this display will be of special interest because of STAR and ATLAS. To load, rotate, query, and debug simulation code with a modern detector simply takes too long even on a powerful work station. To visualize the HEMP detectors with maximal performance we have developed software with the following characteristics. We develop a visual display of HEMP detectors on BNL multiprocessor visualization server at multiple level of detail. We work with general and generic detector framework consistent with ROOT, GAUDI etc, to avoid conflicting with the many graphic development groups associated with specific detectors like STAR and ATLAS. We develop advanced OpenGL features such as transparency and polarized stereoscopy. We enable collaborative viewing of detector and events by directly running the analysis in BNL stereoscopic theatre. We construct enhanced interactive control, including the ability to slice, search and mark areas of the detector. We incorporate the ability to make a high quality still image of a view of the detector and the ability to generate animations and a fly through of the detector and output these to MPEG or VRML models. We develop data compression hardware and software so that remote interactive visualization will be possible among dispersed collaborators. We obtain real time visual display for events accumulated during simulations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Informat Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McGuigan, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Informat Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 261 EP 263 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500068 ER PT S AU Garren, LA AF Garren, LA BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI A C++ particle data table interface SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB For some time, there has been a need for a C++ class embodying the information contained in the Review of Particle Properties(1). We have written HepPDT to fill this need. HepPDT allows access to particle name, particle ID, charge, nominal mass, total width, spin information, color information, constituent particles, and decay mode information. HepPDT is designed to be used by StdHepC++(2), HepMC(3), or any generated particle class. Generated particles will contain a pointer to the particle data information found in the HepPDT particle data table. HepPDT also has simple mechanisms to enable customized decay chains. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Garren, LA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 267 EP 269 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500070 ER PT S AU Fischler, M AF Fischler, M BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Summaries of recent computer-assisted Feynman diagram calculations SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst ID XF(3) STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; QCD ANALYSIS; CCFR DATA AB Recent results from several researchers, in the area of automated high-order computation of quantities in QCD, the Standard Model, and other models are summarized. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fischler, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 280 EP 284 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500074 ER PT S AU Paterno, M AF Paterno, M BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Experiences reviewing scientific C++ code SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB In this paper I present several issues related to the use of C++ in scientific code, drawing from my experience reviewing large bodies of such code for the Fermilab community, especially for the CDF and DO experiments at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Paterno, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 287 EP 290 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500075 ER PT S AU Michelotti, L AF Michelotti, L BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Reflections on a decade of object-oriented programming in accelerator physics SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Michelotti, L (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 291 EP 293 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500076 ER PT S AU Brown, WE AF Brown, WE BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI C++ in scientific application: A case study SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB This paper describes a project, SIunits. designed and implemented in C++. Addressing a problem that the author has been working on for nearly twenty years, SIunits could not have been implemented without the generic programming and meta-programming capabilities afforded by C++. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Brown, WE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 294 EP 296 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500077 ER PT S AU Murat, P AF Murat, P CA CDF Collaboration BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI CDF Monte Carlo'2000 SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB We present status of CDF Run II Monte Carlo project which is being developed for about 3 years. We discuss general architecture of the project, its major components, performance and future prospects. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Murat, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 307 EP 309 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500080 ER PT S AU Graham, GE AF Graham, GE BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI DZero Monte Carlo simulation SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB The DZero Monte Carlo is discussed. In particular, the generation and GEANT simulation programs are described. The DZero Parametrized Monte Carlo System (PMCS) is also discussed. Finally, the DZero Monte Carlo mass production system is described. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Graham, GE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 313 EP 315 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500082 ER PT S AU Wenzel, H AF Wenzel, H BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI CMS Monte Carlo status, performance and future plans SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB In this article we will discuss the current status of the CMS software. A first major Monte Carlo production was conducted in spring 2000. We will discuss the experiences we collected during this production. A Distributed Monte Carlo production is currently in progress (Fall 2000). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wenzel, H (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 319 EP 322 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500084 ER PT S AU Annis, J AF Annis, J BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Large scale cluster surveys and distributed computing SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey is among the first of the new generation of large scale sky surveys that enabling the construction of revolutionary new cluster catalogs. I describe here some of the experiences of creating a SDSS cluster catalog, some of the computational challenges we encountered, and what we can expect in the near future. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Annis, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 323 EP 325 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500085 ER PT S AU Elvira, VD AF Elvira, VD BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Simulation packages in accelerator studies for the v factory SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB The muon collider and the neutrino source are very challenging projects. Recently, a feasibility study for a 20 GeV muon storage ring yielding on the order of 10(19) muon decays per year has been successfully completed by the muon collider/neutrino source collaboration. Simulation tools are crucial to support these conceptual design efforts. In this paper, we will present different software packages used in simulations related to the neutrino factory study. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Elvira, VD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 326 EP 328 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500086 ER PT S AU Gaines, I AF Gaines, I BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Innovative software algorithms and tools parallel sessions summary SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB A variety of results were presented in the poster and 5 parallel sessions of the Innovative Software, Algorithms and Tools (ISAT) sessions. I will briefly summarize these presentations and attempt to identify some unifying trends. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gaines, I (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 342 EP 344 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500090 ER PT S AU Brown, WE Kowalkowski, J Fischler, M AF Brown, WE Kowalkowski, J Fischler, M BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Panel discussion: C++ in scientific computing SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB We summarize the issues and concerns voiced by the ACAT conference attendees regarding their experiences using the C++ programming language and attendant methodologies. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Brown, WE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 345 EP 347 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500091 ER PT S AU Panacek, S AF Panacek, S BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Advanced analysis environments - Summary SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB This is a summary of the panel discussion on Advanced Analysis Environments. Rene Brun, Tony Johnson, and Lassi Tuura shared their insights about the trends and challenges in analysis environments. This paper contains the initial questions, a summary of the speakers' presentation, and the questions asked by the audience. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Panacek, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 348 EP 350 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500092 ER PT S AU Gaines, I AF Gaines, I BE Bhat, PC Kasemann, M TI Worldwide computing working group summary SO ADVANCED COMPUTING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2000) CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Cisco Syst AB The worldwide computing working group brought together a number of experts in this rapidly emerging field. A combination of presented talks and discussion identified common interests and issues to be pursued in the future. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gaines, I (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0023-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 583 BP 357 EP 359 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT36R UT WOS:000172785500095 ER PT S AU Schley, RS Telschow, KL AF Schley, RS Telschow, KL BE VoDinh, T Buttgenbach, S TI "Containerless" photoacoustic spectroscopy using photorefractive interferometry SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental and Chemical Sensing Technology CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE photoacoustic; photothermal; photorefractive; interferometry; spectroscopy ID CRYSTAL AB Photoacoustic spectroscopy of gases is one of the most sensitive spectroscopic techniques available, often achieving part per million (ppm) or part per billion (ppb) sensitivity. This technique is usually performed by containing the gas sample within a cell coupled to an acoustic transducer. Imaging of photoacoustic response over an area requires scanning of the excitation beam. At the INEEL, research is underway to extend photorefractive dynamic holography to full field spectroscopic imaging without scanning. The photorefractive effect in Bismuth Silicon Oxide is exploited to demodulate the optical phase shift of a signal beam traversing the test gas and coincident with a tunable chopped excitation beam. Molecular absorption at the excitation wavelength produces heat that causes local expansion and subsequent acoustic wave radiation. A model of the photoacoustic absorption and optical phase detection process has been developed. Measurement and modeling results are presented that illustrate the ability of the method to detect water vapor and Hydrogen Fluoride concentrations in nitrogen atmosphere backgrounds near 800 nm, currently producing sensitivities in the 20-1000 ppm. Limitations of the technique and methods for extending to ppb sensitivities with infrared excitation are discussed. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Schley, RS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Schley, Robert/B-9124-2017 OI Schley, Robert/0000-0001-8907-6535 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3870-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4205 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1117/12.417451 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BS25V UT WOS:000169244400003 ER PT S AU Jenkins, MW Hughes, RC Patel, SV AF Jenkins, MW Hughes, RC Patel, SV BE VoDinh, T Buttgenbach, S TI Stabilizing the response of Pd/Ni alloy films to hydrogen with Ti adhesion layers SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental and Chemical Sensing Technology CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE hydrogen; sensors; palladium; drift; delaminations AB We have studied catalytic thin film resistors made from a Pd and Ni alloy, and propose a method for dramatically reducing the drift of the measured resistance. The resistances of Pd films increase monotonically when exposed to hydrogen, however a stable baseline is difficult to achieve and alpha to beta phase transitions result in hysteresis. It is known that at high hydrogen concentrations, the Pd film cracks and delaminates, however long-term exposures to low concentrations of hydrogen can also result in delaminations. Studies using Pd/Ni alloys show that the phase transition can be suppressed. High temperature anneals in 2 % hydrogen, and the addition of a Ti adhesion layer is shown to reduce drift. Usually long term studies on films are conducted in an ordinary air (oxidizing) atmosphere; however, we report here on studies carried out in a reducing atmosphere of 0.1% hydrogen in nitrogen for 6 months on two sensor structures, field effect transistors (FETs) and resistors. The Sandia Robust Hydrogen Sensor platform containing integrated heaters, temperature sensors, and hydrogen sensitive resistors and FETs was compared to a Sandia Wide Range Sensor containing a 10 atomic percent Ni/Pd (1000 Angstrom) alloy resistor with a (100 Angstrom) Ti adhesion layer. After six months the two hydrogen sensing resistors on the Robust platform, without an adhesion layer, read a hydrogen concentration of 61% and 2.3%, while the Wide Range Sensor read a hydrogen concentration of 0.102%, which is a dramatic improvement in limiting baseline drift. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jenkins, MW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1425, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Patel, Sanjay/D-2903-2014 OI Patel, Sanjay/0000-0001-9540-9957 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3870-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4205 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.417437 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BS25V UT WOS:000169244400013 ER PT S AU Morgan, C Mowry, C Manginell, R Frye-Mason, G Kottenstette, R Lewis, P AF Morgan, C Mowry, C Manginell, R Frye-Mason, G Kottenstette, R Lewis, P BE VoDinh, T Buttgenbach, S TI Rapid identification of bacteria with miniaturized pyrolysis/GC analysis SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental and Chemical Sensing Technology CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE microsensor; GC; gas chromatograph; fatty acid; pyrolysis ID LIPIDS AB Identification of bacteria and other biological moieties finds a broad range of applications in the environmental, biomedical, agricultural, industrial, and military arenas. Linking these applications are biological markers such as fatty acids, whose mass spectral profiles can be used to characterize biological samples and to distinguish bacteria at the gram-type, genera, and even species level. Common methods of sample analysis require sample preparation that is both lengthy and labor intensive, especially for whole cell bacteria. The background technique relied on here utilizes chemical derivatization of fatty acids to the more volatile fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which can be separated on a gas chromatograph column or input directly into a mass spectrometer. More recent publications demonstrate improved sample preparation time with in situ derivatization of whole bacterial samples using pyrolysis at the inlet; although much faster than traditional techniques, these systems still rely on bench-top analytical equipment and individual sample preparation. Development of a miniaturized pyrolysis/GC instrument by this group is intended to realize the benefits of FAME identification of bacteria and other biological samples while further facilitating sample handling and instrument portability. The technologies being fabricated and tested have the potential of achieving pyrolysis and FAME separation on a very small scale, with rapid detection time (1-10 min from introduction to result), and with a modular sample inlet. Performance results and sensor characterization will be presented for the first phase of instrument development, encompassing the microfabricated pyrolysis and gas chromatograph elements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Morgan, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3870-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4205 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1117/12.417450 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BS25V UT WOS:000169244400025 ER PT S AU Foy, BR McVey, BD Petrin, RR Tiee, JJ Wilson, C AF Foy, BR McVey, BD Petrin, RR Tiee, JJ Wilson, C BE VoDinh, T Buttgenbach, S TI Ground cover identification and mapping by CO2 lidar imaging SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental and Chemical Sensing Technology CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE lidar; multispectral imaging; matched-filter analysis; vegetation mapping ID CO2-LASER WAVELENGTHS; REFLECTANCE; TARGETS AB We report examples of the use of a scanning tunable CO2 laser lidar system in the 9-11 mum region to construct images of vegetation and rocks at ranges of up to 5 km from the instrument. Range information is combined with horizontal and vertical distances to yield an image with three spatial dimensions simultaneous with the classification of target type. Reflectance spectra in this region are sufficiently distinct to discriminate between several tree species, between trees and scrub vegetation, and between natural and artificial targets. Limitations imposed by laser speckle noise are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Foy, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3870-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4205 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1117/12.417454 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BS25V UT WOS:000169244400028 ER PT S AU Kemme, SA Sullivan, CT AF Kemme, SA Sullivan, CT BE McKerrow, AJ ShachamDiamand, Y Zaima, S Ohba, T TI Optical interconnects review and insertion opportunities in digital systems SO ADVANCED METALLIZATION CONFERENCE 2001 (AMC 2001) SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Metallization Conference (AMC) CY OCT 08-11, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Univ Calif Berkeley, Continuing Educ Engn, Univ Extens ID PARALLEL AB Essentially all long distance telecommunication interconnections are optical instead of electrical these days. This is due to optical fiber's demonstrated superior high bandwidth with low power dissipation for long haul communications ( > 1 km). Significant technological accomplishments such as high quality fiber fabrication and large volume commercial interest were the cost drivers that made these long distance optical interconnects economically feasible. Optical interconnects are recently commercially available at the local area network (LAN) or short haul level (10 in to < 1 km), At first glance it may appear that optical interconnects are routinely replacing electrical interconnects in progressively shorter and shorter link regimes. But closer inspection of successful optical interconnect insertion points reveals technology advances specific to the distance regime. In the short haul case, 1-D Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) arrays and multimode optical fiber ribbon made optical interconnects an economic reality. Do optical interconnects make sense in the next distance regimes: board-to-board and chip-to-chip? Arguments for the replacement of electrical interconnects with optical interconnects often center on such metrics as higher bandwidth, lower power dissipation, immunity to electromagnetic interference, greater I/O capacity, scalability, lighter system weight, lower system volume, and reduced skew and latency. These upper-level arguments are necessary to begin meaningful debate and quantitative comparison. However, the impact of technological leaps cannot be understated and must be present to demonstrate a clear economical advantage in ceasing the traditional fabrication process and initiating a new manufacturing route. We will examine some of these technological breakthroughs that enabled the insertion of optical interconnects in various interconnect distance regimes to date. Next, we will survey the cur-rent state of the art in the laboratory. These include massively parallel board-to-board and chip-to-chip interconnects realized in both free-space and guided-wave formats. Finally, a critical look at optical interconnect implementation challenges will be discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kemme, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-670-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 2001 BP 419 EP 426 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU94H UT WOS:000177438500064 ER PT S AU Olewine, MC Saiz, KF Mahatdejkul, T Dondero, R AF Olewine, MC Saiz, KF Mahatdejkul, T Dondero, R BE McKerrow, AJ ShachamDiamand, Y Zaima, S Ohba, T TI Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors for RF-BiCMOS technology SO ADVANCED METALLIZATION CONFERENCE 2001 (AMC 2001) SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Metallization Conference (AMC) CY OCT 08-11, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Univ Calif Berkeley, Continuing Educ Engn, Univ Extens DE metal-insulator-metal capacitors; MIM; tantalum pentoxide; silicon nitride; RF; BiCMOS ID TA2O5 THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; TANTALUM PENTOXIDE; LEAKAGE CURRENT; POLYCRYSTALLINE; MECHANISM AB To reduce the cost of telecommunications products, integrated devices such as metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors are replacing discrete passive components. The merits of the dielectric tantalum pentoxide were investigated for MIM capacitors. The capacitance density and leakage currents were measured for MIM capacitors integrated into a high performance 0.25 mum RF BiCMOS technology. The tantalum pentoxide MIM dielectric had a superior capacitance density compared to silicon nitride. Although the leakage current density for tantalum pentoxide was several orders of magnitude greater than reported for silicon nitride, the leakage was still low enough for MIM applications in RF BiCMOS technology. Problems with metal hillocks and dielectric cracks are resolved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olewine, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-670-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 2001 BP 479 EP 485 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU94H UT WOS:000177438500072 ER PT B AU Prael, RE AF Prael, RE BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Hadronic Monte Carlo transport: A very personal view SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prael, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp, POB 1663,X-5,MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200003 ER PT B AU Krivosheev, OE Mokhov, NV AF Krivosheev, OE Mokhov, NV BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Status of MARS electromagnetic physics SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL ID BREMSSTRAHLUNG AB New modules for simulating electromagnetic showers at energies from 1 keV to a multi-TeV region have been developed and implemented into the MARS code. The entire shower and several "non-standard" processes essential at high energies are treated either exclusively or inclusively, according to the user's choice. Results of calculations are in a good agreement with data. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Krivosheev, OE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200024 ER PT B AU Fasso, A Ferrari, A Sala, PR AF Fasso, A Ferrari, A Sala, PR BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Electron-photon transport in FLUKA: Status SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Fasso, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200027 ER PT B AU Stewart, RD Traub, RJ AF Stewart, RD Traub, RJ BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Radiobiological modeling in voxel constructs SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL ID LETHAL; REPAIR AB Although great strides have been made towards integrating the anatomical characteristics of specific patients into Monte Carlo dosimetry calculations, efforts to further improve the effectiveness of radiation treatments for cancer are ultimately limited by our ability to predict, for specific patients, the cell-killing effects of temporally and spatially complex irradiation schemes. To better integrate patient- and tumor-specific data into the treatment planning process and provide the research community with the enabling technologies needed to exploit the full potential of radiation therapy, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is developing new software to estimate tumor control probabilities (TCPs) using three-dimensional tissue constructs. To illustrate the potential impact on treatment planning of more detailed tumor response modeling, we present the results of several studies characterizing the effects on the TCP of modulating the temporal and spatial distribution of radiation delivered to an idealized tumor with heterogeneous biophysical properties. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stewart, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Stewart, Rob/A-2511-2009 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200045 ER PT B AU Booth, TE AF Booth, TE BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI An alternative Monte Carlo method for the kappa-eigenfunction? SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB Major Monte Carlo codes such as MCNP (1) typically use variations on the power iteration [1,2] method to obtain the fundamental mode k-eigenvalue and eigenfunction. This paper describes an alternative to the power iteration method. The new method builds the eigenfunction, one source particle at a time, by starting each new source particle at a location chosen so that the source density tends to better approximate the fundamental eigenfunction. That is, the method adds new source points to regions where the empirical source density appears too low to satisfy the eigenfunction equation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Booth, TE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 609 EP 612 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200097 ER PT B AU Emmett, MB Hollenbach, DF AF Emmett, MB Hollenbach, DF BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Current status of the Oak Ridge Monte Carlo codes: MORSE/SAS4 and KENO SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB Over the years, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory staff have developed a number of Monte Carlo codes. KENO V.a and KENO-VI are criticality safety codes that can be run stand-alone or by using the criticality safety analysis sequences CSAS and CSAS6. MORSE is a shielding analysis code that can be run stand-alone or through use of the shielding analysis sequences SAS3 and SAS4. All of these codes are part of the SCALE code system, which is widely distributed and used all over the world. As with any major computer code system, changes and improvements are inevitable. These changes occur for multiple reasons, including release of new compilers, faster and improved computers, and changing customer requirements. This paper provides a current overview of these Monte Carlo codes and a look at possible future enhancements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Emmett, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS-6370, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 631 EP 636 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200101 ER PT B AU Selcow, EC McKinney, GW Booth, TE Briesmeister, JF Cox, LJ Forster, RA Hendricks, JS Mosteller, RD Prael, RE Sood, A White, SW AF Selcow, EC McKinney, GW Booth, TE Briesmeister, JF Cox, LJ Forster, RA Hendricks, JS Mosteller, RD Prael, RE Sood, A White, SW BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI MCNP capabilities at the dawn of the 21(st) century: Neutron-gamma applications SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB The Los Alamos National Laboratory Monte Carlo N-Particle radiation transport code, MCNP, has become an international standard for a wide spectrum of neutron-gamma radiation transport applications. These include nuclear criticality safety, radiation shielding, nuclear safeguards, nuclear oil-well logging, fission and fusion reactor design, accelerator target design, detector design and analysis, health physics, medical radiation therapy and imaging, radiography, decontamination and decommissioning, and waste storage and disposal. The latest version of the code, MCNP4C (1), was released to the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC) in February 2000. This paper describes the new features and capabilities of the code, and discusses the specific applicability to neutron-gamma problems. We will also discuss some of the future directions for MCNP code development. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Selcow, EC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp, X-5,POB 1663,MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 643 EP 650 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200103 ER PT B AU Little, RC Frankle, SC White, MC MacFarlane, RE Werner, CJ Campbell, JM AF Little, RC Frankle, SC White, MC MacFarlane, RE Werner, CJ Campbell, JM BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Modern nuclear data for Monte Carlo codes SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Little, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 657 EP 662 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200105 ER PT B AU Rearden, BT AF Rearden, BT BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for nuclear criticality safety using KENO in the SCALE code system SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB Sensitivity and uncertainty methods have been developed to aid in the establishment of areas of applicability and validation of computer codes and nuclear data for nuclear criticality safety studies. A key component in this work is the generation of sensitivity and uncertainty parameters for typically several hundred benchmarks experiments used in validation exercises. Previously, only one-dimensional sensitivity tools were available for this task, which necessitated the remodeling of multidimensional inputs in order for such an analysis to be performed. This paper describes the development of the SEN3 Monte Carlo based sensitivity analysis sequence for SCALE. Two options in the SEN3 package for the reconstruction of angular-dependent forward and adjoint fluxes are described and contrasted, These options are the direct calculation of flux moments versus the calculation of angular fluxes, with subsequent conversion to flux moments prior to sensitivity coefficient generation. The latter technique is found to be significantly more efficient. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rearden, BT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS-6370, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 725 EP 730 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200115 ER PT B AU Valentine, T AF Valentine, T BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Benchmarking Monte Carlo codes for criticality safety using subcritical measurements SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB Monte Carlo codes that are used for criticality safety evaluations are typically validated using critical experiments in which the neutron multiplication factor is unity. However, the conditions for most fissile material operations do not coincide to those of the critical experiments. This paper demonstrates that Monte Carlo methods and nuclear data can be validated using subcritical measurements whose conditions may coincide more closely to actual configurations of fissile material. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Valentine, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 743 EP 747 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200118 ER PT B AU Schwarz, R Carter, L AF Schwarz, R Carter, L BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Current state of Monte Carlo visualization tools SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB The purpose of a Monte Carlo visualization tool is to aid in the generation of the input file while enabling the user to efficiently debug the input file and to optionally allow the user to display output information including random walks. This paper will provide an overview of three different aspects of Monte Carlo code visualization: 1) input file creation; 2) geometry visualization; and 3) output visualization. A brief description of some of the tools available in each area will be presented. However, the focus will be on the capabilities of the MCNP Visual Editor because it is the code most familiar to the authors. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schwarz, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 815 EP 819 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200130 ER PT B AU Mokhov, NV Krivosheev, OE AF Mokhov, NV Krivosheev, OE BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI MARS code status SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB Recent developments of the MARS Monte Carlo code system for simulation of hadronic and electromagnetic cascades in shielding, accelerator and detector components in the energy range from a fraction of an electronvolt up to 100 TeV are described. These include hadron production model, unified treatment of heavy particle electromagnetic interactions and absorption, interface to MCNP for low-energy neutrons, and newly created electromagnetic shower module (down to 1 keV), MAD-MARS Beam Line Builder and Graphical-User Interface. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mokhov, NV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 943 EP 948 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200151 ER PT B AU Fasso, A Ferrari, A Sala, PR Ranft, J AF Fasso, A Ferrari, A Sala, PR Ranft, J BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI FLUKA: Status and prospects for hadronic applications SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Dept Radiat Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Fasso, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Dept Radiat Phys, Ms 48,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 955 EP 960 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200153 ER PT B AU Hughes, HG Chadwick, MB Corzine, RK Egdorf, HW Gallmeier, FX Little, RC MacFarlane, RE Mashnik, SG Pitcher, EJ Prael, RE Sierk, AJ Snow, EC Waters, LS White, MC Young, PG AF Hughes, HG Chadwick, MB Corzine, RK Egdorf, HW Gallmeier, FX Little, RC MacFarlane, RE Mashnik, SG Pitcher, EJ Prael, RE Sierk, AJ Snow, EC Waters, LS White, MC Young, PG BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Status of the MCNPX transport code SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hughes, HG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 961 EP 966 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200154 ER PT B AU Chadwick, MB Hughes, HG Little, RC Pitcher, EJ Young, PG AF Chadwick, MB Hughes, HG Little, RC Pitcher, EJ Young, PG BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Physics models and nuclear data evaluations for enhanced Monte Carlo transport SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL ID PROTONS AB We describe recent evaluations of neutron and proton interaction cross sections up to 150 MeV in the LA150 Data Library, for use in MCNPX computer code simulations of accelerator-driven systems (ADS). An overview is provided of the nuclear theory used. A number of benchmark comparisons against experiments are described, for thin and thick-target neutron production, neutron transmission through macroscopic slabs, and neutron heating and damage. Future data needs for waste transmutation are also briefly described. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 967 EP 972 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200155 ER PT B AU Mokhov, N Striganov, S Van Ginneken, A AF Mokhov, N Striganov, S Van Ginneken, A BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Muons and neutrinos at high-energy accelerators SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB Background levels in detectors and radiation problems at future colliders - whether pp, e(+)e(-) or mu(+)mu(-) - are in large part determined by the presence of muons. Neutrinos from muon decay at muon colliders or storage rings are highly collimated and propagate outward within a narrow disk in which significant radiation doses persist out to very large distances. This paper highlights physics models and Monte Carlo algorithms developed mainly for studying these problems as well as some typical results. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mokhov, N (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 985 EP 990 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200158 ER PT B AU Johnson, JO AF Johnson, JO BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Utilization of Monte Carlo calculations in radiation transport analyses to support the design of the US Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL ID CODE AB The Department of Energy (DOE) has given the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project approval to begin Title I design of the proposed facility to be built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and construction is scheduled to commence in FY01. The SNS initially will consist of an accelerator system capable of delivering an approximately 0.5 microsecond pulse of 1 GeV protons, at a 60 Hz frequency, with 1 MW of beam power, into a single target station. The SNS will eventually be upgraded to a 2 MW facility with two target stations (a 60 Hz station and a 10 Hz station). The radiation transport analysis, which includes the neutronic, shielding, activation, and safety analyses, is critical to the design of an intense high-energy accelerator facility like the proposed SNS, and the Monte Carlo method is the cornerstone of the radiation transport analyses. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johnson, JO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6363, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 991 EP 996 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200159 ER PT B AU Difilippo, FC AF Difilippo, FC BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Design and effects of the proton window of the spallation neutron source SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB Design parameters for the target region of the Spallation Neutron Source were calculated by following histories of 1 GeV protons and their shower of particles with the Monte Carlo code MCNPX. In particular, neutron currents, radiation damages, doses and heat distributions for the target region of the facility along the path of the proton beam are presented from the point of view of the perturbation effects of the proton beam window. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Difilippo, FC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 1009 EP 1014 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200162 ER PT B AU Roesler, S Engel, R Ranft, J AF Roesler, S Engel, R Ranft, J BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI The Monte Carlo event generator DPMJET-III SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL ID DUAL PARTON MODEL; PHOTON INTERACTIONS; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SCATTERING; PARTICLE; PHOTOPRODUCTION; DIFFRACTION; ENERGIES; POMERON AB A new version of the Monte Carlo event generator DPMJET is presented. It is a code system based on the Dual Parton Model and unifies all features of the DTUNUC-2, DPMJET-II and PHOJET1.12 event generators. DPMJET-III allows the simulation of hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, nucleus-nucleus, photon-hadron, photon-photon and photon-nucleus interactions from a few GeV up to the highest cosmic ray energies. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Roesler, S (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 1033 EP 1038 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200166 ER PT B AU Valentine, T Rugama, Y Munoz-Cobo, JL Perez, R AF Valentine, T Rugama, Y Munoz-Cobo, JL Perez, R BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI Coupling MCNP-DSP and LAHET Monte Carlo codes for designing subcriticality monitors for accelerator-driven systems SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB The design of reactivity monitoring systems for accelerator-driven systems must be investigated to ensure that such systems remain subcritical during operation. The Monte Carlo codes LAHET and MCNP-DSP were combined together to facilitate the design of reactivity monitoring systems. The coupling of LAHET and MCNP-DSP provides a tool that can be used to simulate a variety of subcritical measurements such as the pulsed neutron, Rossi-alpha, or noise analysis measurements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Valentine, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 1081 EP 1084 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200174 ER PT S AU Farrar, CR Sohn, H Fugate, ML Czarnecki, JJ AF Farrar, CR Sohn, H Fugate, ML Czarnecki, JJ BE Kundu, T TI Integrated structural health monitoring SO ADVANCED NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL HEALTH MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation for Structural and Biological Health Monitoring CY MAR 06-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE DE structural health monitoring; statistical pattern; recognition; NMMS; time series analysis; and damage detection AB Structural health monitoring is the implementation of a damage detection strategy for aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering infrastructure. Typical damage experienced by this infrastructure might be the development of fatigue cracks, degradation of structural connections, or bearing wear in rotating machinery. The goal of the research effort reported herein is to develop a robust and cost-effective structural health monitoring solution by integrating and extending technologies from various engineering and information technology disciplines. It is the authors'. opinion that all structural health monitoring systems must be application specific. Therefore, a specific application, monitoring welded moment resisting steel frame connections in structures subjected to seismic excitation, is described along with the motivation for choosing this application. The structural health monitoring solution for this application will integrate structural dynamics, wireless data acquisition, local actuation, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, and statistical pattern recognition algorithms. The proposed system is based on an assessment of the deficiencies associated with many current structural health monitoring technologies including past efforts by the authors. This paper provides an example of the integrated approach to structural health monitoring being undertaken at Los Alamos National Laboratory and summarizes progress to date on various aspects of the technology development. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, MS P-946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4021-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4335 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1117/12.434158 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BU37T UT WOS:000175830100002 ER PT S AU Bayramian, AJ Bibeau, C Beach, RJ Chanteloup, JC Ebbers, CA Kanz, K Nakano, H Payne, SA Powell, HT Schaffers, KI Seppala, L Skulina, K Smith, LK Sutton, SB Zapata, LE AF Bayramian, AJ Bibeau, C Beach, RJ Chanteloup, JC Ebbers, CA Kanz, K Nakano, H Payne, SA Powell, HT Schaffers, KI Seppala, L Skulina, K Smith, LK Sutton, SB Zapata, LE BE Marshall, C TI Activation of the Mercury Laser: A diode-pumped solid-state laser driver for inertial fusion SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB Initial measurements are reported for the Mercury laser system, a scalable driver for rep-rated high energy density physics research. The performance goals include 10% electrical efficiency at 10 Hz and 100 J with a 2-10 ns pulse length. This laser is an angularly multiplexed 4-pass gas-cooled amplifier system based on image relaying to minimize wavefront distortion and optical damage risk at the 10 Hz operating point. The efficiency requirements are fulfilled using diode laser pumping of ytterbium doped strontium fluorapatite crystals. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bayramian, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI chanteloup, jean-christophe/H-6514-2013 OI chanteloup, jean-christophe/0000-0002-5643-0056 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-661-3 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 50 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT71R UT WOS:000173833500006 ER PT S AU Freitas, BL Skidmore, JA Crawford, J Satariano, J Utterback, E DiMercurio, L Cutter, K Kanz, K Sutton, S Beach, RJ AF Freitas, BL Skidmore, JA Crawford, J Satariano, J Utterback, E DiMercurio, L Cutter, K Kanz, K Sutton, S Beach, RJ BE Marshall, C TI Laser diode array packages in silicon using V-groove technology SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID MICROCHANNEL AB A new family of laser diode packages has been developed using silicon V-groove technology. Different versions of the package that tradeoff simplicity and performance for applications requiring low duty factor and high peak power operation, or high duty factor and high average power operation, have been demonstrated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Freitas, BL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508 L-482, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-661-3 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 50 BP 47 EP 49 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT71R UT WOS:000173833500011 ER PT S AU Alford, WJ Smith, AV AF Alford, WJ Smith, AV BE Marshall, C TI Testing Miller wavelength scaling of the second-order nonlinear coefficients of KNbO3, KTiOPO4, KTiOAsO4, LiNbO3, LiIO3., beta-BaB2O4, KH2OP4, and LiB3O5 SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID POTASSIUM TITANYL PHOSPHATE; OPTICAL COEFFICIENTS; GENERATION; MAGNITUDE; CRYSTALS; KTP AB We combine our new measurements of nonlinear coefficients over a range of wavelengths with previous values to compare their wavelength variation with that predicted by Miller scaling. We conclude that Miller scaling is a good approximation in most cases. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Laser Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alford, WJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Laser Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-661-3 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 50 BP 233 EP 235 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT71R UT WOS:000173833500049 ER PT S AU Nostrand, MC Page, RH AF Nostrand, MC Page, RH BE Marshall, C TI Nd : YAG effective emission cross section using novel method based on laser performance data SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID OPERATION; NM; GARNET AB We report a novel method for determining effective laser cross sections based on slope and threshold measurements of the laser transition. This method is demonstrated on the 1.06 mum line (R-2-->Y-3) of Nd:YAG, where an effective emission cross section was found to be 30.6 +/- 3.0 x 10(-19) cm(2). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nostrand, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-482, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-661-3 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 50 BP 438 EP 440 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT71R UT WOS:000173833500093 ER PT S AU Adams, JJ Ebbers, CA Schaffers, KI Payne, SA AF Adams, JJ Ebbers, CA Schaffers, KI Payne, SA BE Marshall, C TI Type I frequency doubling at 1064 nm in LaCa4O(BO3)(3) (LaCOB), GdCa4O(BO3)(3) (GdCOB), and YCa4O(BO3)(3) (YCOB) SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc DE (190.0190) nonlinear optics; (190.4-400) nonlinear optics; materials; (190.2620) frequency conversion ID MATCHED 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL COEFFICIENTS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH AB We have grown and characterized LaCOB, a new member to the GdCOB family of nonlinear crystals. LaCOB has a d(eff) of 0.52 +/- 0.05 pm/V and an angular sensitivity of 1224 184 (cm-rad)(-1) for type I frequency doubling at 1064 nm. The d(alphabetabeta) and d(gammabetabeta) coefficients of the nonlinear optical tensor for LaCOB, GdCOB, and YCOB were determined to have values of \0.26 +/- 0.04\ pm/V and \1.69 +/- 0.17\ pm/V, respectively. Results of phase-matching angle measurements at 1064 nm and 1047 nm predict LaCOB to be non-critically phase-matched (NCPM) at 1042 +/- 1.5 nm. We also estimate the thermal sensitivity of LaCOB to be less than 0.1 (cm-degreesC)(-1). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Adams, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-482,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-661-3 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 50 BP 615 EP 621 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT71R UT WOS:000173833500127 ER PT S AU Smith, AV Bowers, MS AF Smith, AV Bowers, MS BE Marshall, C TI Image-rotating cavity designs for improved beam quality in nanosecond optical parametric oscillators SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB We show by computer simulation that high beam quality can be achieved in high energy, nanosecond optical parametric oscillators by using image-rotating resonators. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-661-3 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 50 BP 666 EP 668 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT71R UT WOS:000173833500137 ER PT S AU Izaurralde, RC Rosenberg, NJ Lal, R AF Izaurralde, RC Rosenberg, NJ Lal, R BE Sparks, DL TI Mitigation of climatic change by soil carbon sequestration: Issues of science, monitoring, and degraded lands SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 70 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS; MESQUITE PROSOPIS-JULIFLORA; VULGARE L CULTIVARS; ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTHERN NIGERIA; GYPSUM APPLICATION; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; RAJASTHAN DESERT; KALAHARI DESERT; EASTERN BOLIVIA C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Izaurralde, RC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RI Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 264 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000770-3 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2001 VL 70 BP 1 EP 75 PG 75 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BR44J UT WOS:000166426800001 ER PT J AU Vitanov, NV Fleischhauer, M Shore, BW Bergmann, K AF Vitanov, NV Fleischhauer, M Shore, BW Bergmann, K TI Coherent manipulation of atoms and molecules by sequential laser pulses SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 46 SE ADVANCES IN ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ADIABATIC POPULATION TRANSFER; ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; INDUCED CONTINUUM STRUCTURE; LIGHT-INDUCED POTENTIALS; 3-LEVEL SYSTEM DRIVEN; SUPERNUMERARY ROTATIONAL RAINBOWS; PHOTON RECOIL ENERGY; N-LEVEL SYSTEMS; DELAYED PULSES C1 Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Sofia, Dept Phys, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria. RP Vitanov, NV (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, PL 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland. RI Fleischhauer, Michael/G-6716-2011; Vitanov, Nikolay/A-1248-2013; BERGMANN, KLAAS/D-5543-2011; OI Vitanov, Nikolay/0000-0002-8599-4766 NR 231 TC 325 Z9 330 U1 3 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2199 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY PY 2001 VL 46 BP 55 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S1049-250X(01)80063-X PG 136 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BT23M UT WOS:000172377400002 ER PT S AU Lazutin, L Starkov, G Meng, CI Sibeck, DG Stadsnes, J Bjordal, J Liou, K Kornilova, T Reeves, G AF Lazutin, L Starkov, G Meng, CI Sibeck, DG Stadsnes, J Bjordal, J Liou, K Kornilova, T Reeves, G BE Malingre, M TI Westward traveling surge dynamics and the local structure of an isolated substorm SO ADVANCES IN AURORAL PHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D3 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Int Union Radio Sci, Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geomagnet Aeronom, Comm Space Res ID MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; PLASMA AB We present a case study of a simple isolated substorm. We compare magnetic field and optical observations at Kola Peninsula with POLAR UVI, POLAR/PIXIE and LANL satellite data to examine the relationshipships between global and local auroral structures and their dynamics. In addition to the active phase of the substorm with a main onset, there are two additional Westward Traveling Surge (WTS) intensifications accompanied by energetic particle acceleration and magnetic field dipolarization in associated local sectors of the magnetosphere. The longitudinal dimensions of the main auroral bulge and the WTS were restricted and in neighboring sectors quite different types of activity were observed. The effects of the fragmentation of the night side auroral magnetosphere into sectors with simultaneous auroral bulge expansion and local growth phase may help explain the temporal structure of multiple-onset substorms. Related problems of the substorm geometry are briefly discussed. (C) 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Space Phys Div, Moscow 119899, Russia. Polar Geophys Inst, Apatity 184200, Murmansk Region, Russia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lazutin, L (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Space Phys Div, Moscow 119899, Russia. RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Kornilova, Tatyana/A-6533-2017; Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Kornilova, Tatyana/0000-0003-4242-4269; Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1623 EP 1629 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00489-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT60P UT WOS:000173496800008 ER PT S AU Besmann, TM McLaughlin, JC Lowden, RA Lara-Curzio, E AF Besmann, TM McLaughlin, JC Lowden, RA Lara-Curzio, E BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP Ustundag, E TI Development of short fiber, SiC-based composites SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES VI SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Matrix Composites Symposium held at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CERAMIC COMPOSITES AB Very high temperature composite materials for fossil-fuel applications will require the use of crystalline reinforcing fibers. The development of SiC fibrils which have the requisite properties is underway, but these materials are not yet available. It is expected that, unlike polymer precursor-derived fibers, the fibrils will not be easily woven and that short fibers will thus likely be used. In order to understand fundamental issues related to dispersed fiber-composites, short-fiber Nicalon-reinforced material was produced. Processing utilized slurry-molding for preform preparation and densification with SiC using forced-flow, thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration. Issues such as the need for fiber coatings, attainable fiber loading, ultimate density, and mechanical properties were explored. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Besmann, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-123-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 124 BP 43 EP 51 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BS75A UT WOS:000171046100004 ER PT S AU Tiegs, TN Montgomery, FC Menchhofer, PA Barker, DL Goranson, F Wittmer, DE AF Tiegs, TN Montgomery, FC Menchhofer, PA Barker, DL Goranson, F Wittmer, DE BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP Ustundag, E TI Grain growth inhibitors in intermetallic-bonded TiC composites SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES VI SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Matrix Composites Symposium held at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Composites of TiC-40 vol. % Ni3Al are under development for application in diesel engines because of their combination of mechanical properties, physical characteristics, corrosion resistance, and close match of thermal expansion to steel. Fine grain size is important for improved wear resistance and high strength for the applications of interest. Several approaches were taken to change the final TiC grain size. Grain growth inhibitor additions that resulted in grain size refinement in the sintered composites included VC, Cr23C6, and TiN. The Cr23C6 addition was also observed to change the TiC grain shape from highly faceted to round grains. Additionally, rapid sintering was examined as a method to limit grain growth, In general, lower densities were achieved through the use of a belt furnace with high heating rates as compared to a vacuum-low pressure hot-isostatic pressure sintering cycle. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tiegs, TN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Menchhofer, Paul/E-1529-2017 OI Menchhofer, Paul/0000-0001-9475-314X NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-123-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 124 BP 67 EP 76 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BS75A UT WOS:000171046100006 ER PT S AU Deemer, C Sun, JG Ellingson, WA AF Deemer, C Sun, JG Ellingson, WA BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP Ustundag, E TI One-sided infrared thermal imaging for flaw characterization of ceramic matrix composites SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES VI SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Matrix Composites Symposium held at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc AB one-sided infrared thermal imaging is being used to characterize voids and delaminations in SiC/SiC composites. Flaw depth is estimated by examining the decay of surface temperature after application of a thermal pulse. Digital analysis of the surface temperature/time relationship allows characterization of the sizes and positions of defects. Results show that defects of various sizes and depths can be characterized in SiC/SiC composites with the technique. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Deemer, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-123-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 124 BP 233 EP 240 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BS75A UT WOS:000171046100020 ER PT S AU Lewinsohn, CA Henager, CH Jones, RH Lin, HT AF Lewinsohn, CA Henager, CH Jones, RH Lin, HT BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP Ustundag, E TI The time dependence and environmental susceptibility of oxide and non-oxide ceramic matrix composites SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES VI SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Matrix Composites Symposium held at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CONTINUOUS-FIBER; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; MECHANICS; INTERFACE; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINA; CFCCS AB Ceramic matrix composites offer the promise of obtaining desirable properties of ceramic materials with greater mechanical reliability. Composites with continuous, small diameter fibers (< 20 mum), in a woven architecture exhibit superior mechanical properties. Although monotonic tensile behavior of these materials has been well characterized, time-dependent properties are less well understood. Non-oxide matrix composites are typically susceptible to oxidation and may fail by a variety of time-dependent, oxygen dependent failure mechanisms. On the other hand, high-temperature creep and enhanced stress corrosion cracking in the presence of moisture may lead to time-dependent mechanical properties in oxide matrix composites. Results of experimental investigations of these mechanisms, and their implications, will be described. The susceptibility of oxide matrix composites to environmental degradation will be compared with that of non-oxide matrix composites with similar architectures. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lewinsohn, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-123-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 124 BP 255 EP 266 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BS75A UT WOS:000171046100022 ER PT S AU Lewinsohn, CA Henager, CH Jones, RH AF Lewinsohn, CA Henager, CH Jones, RH BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP Ustundag, E TI Microscale mechanisms and macroscale crack growth in non-oxide ceramic matrix composites SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES VI SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Matrix Composites Symposium held at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CONTINUOUS-FIBER; INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES; STRESS-RUPTURE; INTERFACE; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; CREEP; CFCCS AB Experimental evidence supports a variety of mechanisms controlling crack growth in non-oxide ceramic matrix composites. Environmental conditions, namely oxygen concentration and temperature, determine the mechanisms controlling crack growth. Methods for detecting these mechanisms are described and microstructural and mechanical features of the mechanisms are discussed. Fiber compliance relations can be used to relate microstructural and environmental parameters with time-dependent, crack-opening displacements. Local crack opening displacements are used to predict the bridging stresses for a given crack and the time dependent growth of such cracks. Details of these concepts and their applications will be provided. Recent experimental data from composites with a boron-enhanced CVI-SiC matrix will be discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lewinsohn, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-123-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 124 BP 303 EP 314 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BS75A UT WOS:000171046100026 ER PT S AU Henager, CH Hoagland, RG AF Henager, CH Hoagland, RG BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP Ustundag, E TI An approach for describing crack growth in non-oxide ceramic matrix composites SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES VI SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Matrix Composites Symposium held at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID BRIDGED CRACKS; OPENING-DISPLACEMENT; CREEPING FIBERS; WEIGHT FUNCTION; SIC COMPOSITES; TIME; MECHANICS; INITIATION; INTERFACE; FRACTURE AB A dynamic crack-growth model using discrete, two-dimensional fiber bridges has been developed to predict slow crack growth in ceramic composites containing nonlinear, creeping fibers in an elastic matrix and for the case where fiber/matrix interphase removal occurs by volatile oxidation. Mechanics for frictional bridging, nonlinear fiber-creep equations, and appropriate fiber compliance expressions are used to compute crack extension dynamically. Predictions for crack lengths, crack-velocity, and kinetic data for Nicalon-CG and Hi-Nicalon composites in bending at 1173K to 1473K in inert and oxidative environments are in good agreement with experimental data. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Henager, CH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-123-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 124 BP 315 EP 326 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BS75A UT WOS:000171046100027 ER PT B AU De Yoreo, JJ Orme, CA Land, TA AF De Yoreo, JJ Orme, CA Land, TA BE Sato, K Furukawa, Y Nakajima, K TI Using atomic force microscopy to investigate solution crystal growth SO ADVANCES IN CRYSTAL GROWTH RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Summer School on Crystal Growth (ISSCG-11) CY JUL 24-29, 2001 CL SHIGA, JAPAN SP Japan Sco Appl Phys, Int Union Crystallog, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Doshisha Univ, Ase Inc ID POTASSIUM HYDROGEN PHTHALATE; SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; ABALONE SHELL PROTEINS; CARBON NANOTUBE TIPS; 101 ADP FACE; IN-SITU; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CALCITE CRYSTAL; CANAVALIN CRYSTALLIZATION; APOFERRITIN MOLECULES AB Over the past ten years, the atomic force microscope (AFM) has become a common tool for investigating the growth of crystal surfaces from solutions, In this chapter, we describe the basic operation of the AFM and present examples of its application to crystal growth science, we discuss the use of ex situ force microscopy to investigate surface morphology and coarsening in air, and describe the experimental arrangement used to investigate growth in situ. We use examples from a number of crystal systems to illustrate the use of in situ imaging to investigate dislocation source activity, 2D and 3D nucleation, critical step length, step kinetics, step roughness, and impurity-step interactions. Finally, we point out future directions for AFM investigations of solution crystal growth. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 86 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50747-7 PY 2001 BP 361 EP 380 DI 10.1016/B978-044450747-1/50048-X PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA BS92R UT WOS:000171392500021 ER PT S AU Steinkamp, JA Valdez, YE Lehnert, BE AF Steinkamp, JA Valdez, YE Lehnert, BE BE Lakowicz, JR Thompson, RB TI Flow cytometric, phase-resolved discrimination of damaged/dead cells by propidium iodide uptake in macrohages having phagocytized fluorescent microspheres SO ADVANCES IN FLUORESCENCE SENSING TECHNOLOGY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, ISS Inc, Spectra Phys ID SIGNALS AB Instilled particle burdens of uniform green-yellow fluorescent microspheres phagocytized by rat alveolar (lung) macrophages and cell viability, as indexed by propidium iodide uptake (red fluorescence), were assessed using flow cytometry. Since the spectral emission from phagocytized microspheres partially overlapped the propidium iodide fluorescence and interfered with the conventional flow cytometric measurement of damaged/dead cells without subtractive compensation, this caused errors when estimating the percentage of non-viable, propidium iodide positive, phagocytic macrophages. The interference was eliminated by employing phase-sensitive detection in the red fluorescence measurement channel based on differences in lifetimes between the fluorescent microspheres and propidium iodide. In addition, intrinsic cellular autofluorescence, whose fluorescence lifetime is approximately the same as the phagocytized microspheres, also was eliminated in the measurement process. Since there was no detectable spectral interference of propidium iodide in the green fluorescence (particle phagocytosis) measurement channel, conventional fluorescence detection was employed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3930-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4252 BP 104 EP 114 DI 10.1117/12.426730 PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS45V UT WOS:000169896000012 ER PT J AU Wawersik, WR Orr, FM Rudnicki, JW Ortoleva, PJ Dove, P Richter, F Harris, J Warpinski, NR Logan, JM Wilson, JL Pyrak-Nolte, L Wong, TF AF Wawersik, WR Orr, FM Rudnicki, JW Ortoleva, PJ Dove, P Richter, F Harris, J Warpinski, NR Logan, JM Wilson, JL Pyrak-Nolte, L Wong, TF TI Terrestrial sequestration of CO2: An assessment of research needs SO ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 43 SE ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC INTERFACE WAVES; POROUS-MEDIA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PERMEABILITY HETEROGENEITY; MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEMS; STRESS MEASUREMENTS; TRANSPORT PROCESSES; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; DEFORMATION BANDS; GRANULAR MATERIAL C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geosci & Environm Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Logan & Associates Inc, Bandon, OR USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Indiana Univ, Lab Computat Geodynam, Bloomington, IN USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Geophys Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wawersik, WR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geosci & Environm Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Rudnicki, John/B-7088-2009; Dove, Patricia/A-7911-2010 NR 193 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2687 J9 ADV GEOPHYS PY 2001 VL 43 BP 97 EP 177 DI 10.1006/ageo.2001.0002 PG 89 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BR16X UT WOS:000165803000002 ER PT S AU Volkov, VV Zhu, YM AF Volkov, VV Zhu, YM BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI Flux mapping and magnetic behavior of grain boundaries in Nd-Fe-B magnets SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MICROSTRUCTURE; COERCIVITY; MICROSCOPY; REMANENCE AB Advanced Fresnel- & Foucault-Lorentz microscopy were applied to analyze magnetic behavior of the grain boundaries in Nd-Fe-B hard magnets. In-situ TEM magnetizing experiments combined with these imaging methods revealed the process of magnetization reversal in polycrystalline sintered and die-upset Nd-Fe-B under various magnetic fields. Fine details of magnetic flux distribution, derived from the magnetic interferograms created by phase-coherent Foucault imaging, provide a quantitative description of the local variation of magnetic flux. Our study suggests that the grain boundaries play an important multi-functional role in the reversal of magnetization, by acting as (a) pinning centers of domain walls, (b) centers of nucleation of reversal domains, and (c) sinks or sources for migrating magnetostatic charges and/or dipoles. They also ensure a smooth transition for irreversible remagnetization in polycrystalline samples. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkov, VV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Volkov, Vyacheslav/D-9786-2016 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100003 ER PT S AU Michael, JR Goehner, RP AF Michael, JR Goehner, RP BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI Electron backscatter diffraction: A powerful tool for phase identification in the SEM SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID KIKUCHI-DIFFRACTION; PATTERNS AB EBSD in the SEM has been developed into a tool that can provide identification of unknown crystalline phases with a spatial resolution that is better than one micrometer. This technique has been applied to a wide range of materials. Use of the HOLZ rings in the EBSD patterns has enabled the reduced unit cell to be determined from unindexed EBSD patterns. This paper introduces EBSD for phase identification and illustrates the technique with examples from metal joining and particle analysis. Reduced unit cell determination from EBSD patterns is then discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Michael, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 39 EP 49 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100005 ER PT S AU Gao, HJ Duscher, G Fan, XD Pennycook, SJ Kumar, D Cho, KG Holloway, PH Singh, RK AF Gao, HJ Duscher, G Fan, XD Pennycook, SJ Kumar, D Cho, KG Holloway, PH Singh, RK BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI Relationship between structure and luminiscent properties of epitaxial grown Y2O3 : Eu thin films on LaAIO(3) substrates SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID YTTRIUM-OXIDE; SILICON; LUMINESCENCE; PHOSPHORS AB Cathodoluminescence images of individual pores have been obtained at nanometer resolution in europium-activated yttrium oxide (Y2O3:Eu) (001) thin films, epitaxially grown on LaAlO3 (001) substrates. Comparison with Z-contrast images, obtained simultaneously, directly show the "dead layer" to be about 5 nm thick. This "dead layer" is the origin of the reduced emission efficiency with increasing pore size. Pore sizes were varied by using different substrate temperatures and laser pulse repetition rates during film growth. These films are epitaxially aligned with the substrate, which is always Al terminated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gao, HJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100030 ER PT S AU Kadavanich, AV Kippeny, T Erwin, M Rosenthal, SJ Pennycook, SJ AF Kadavanich, AV Kippeny, T Erwin, M Rosenthal, SJ Pennycook, SJ BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI Nanocrystal thickness information from Z-STEM: 3-D imaging in one shot SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; RECONSTRUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; PIXON AB We have applied Atomic Number Contrast Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (Z-Contrast STEM) towards the study of colloidal CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in MEH-PPV polymer films. For typical nanocrystal thicknesses, the image intensity is a monotonic function of thickness. Hence an atomic column-resolved image provides information both on the lateral shape of the nanocrystal, as well as the relative thickness of the individual columns. We show that the Z-Contrast image of a single CdSe nanocrystal is consistent with the predicted 3-D model derived from considering HRTEM images of several nanocrystals in different orientations. We further discuss the possibility of measuring absolute thicknesses of atomic columns if the crystal structure is known. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kadavanich, AV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100034 ER PT S AU Sohlberg, K Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ AF Sohlberg, K Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI Theoretical explanation of Pt trimers observed by Z-contrast STEM SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SUPPORTED METAL-CLUSTERS; TRANSITION ALUMINAS; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; GAMMA-ALUMINA; TOTAL-ENERGY; GAMMA-AL2O3; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CATALYSTS; SURFACES; DYNAMICS AB First-principles quantum-mechanical calculations on gamma -alumina have revealed a fascinating "reactive sponge" phenomenon. gamma -alumina can store and release water, but in a unique, "reactive" way. This "reactive sponge process" facilitates the creation of aluminum and oxygen vacancies in the alumina surface. Earlier atomic-resolution Z-contrast STEM images of ultradispersed Pt atoms on a gamma -alumina support showed the individual atoms to form dimers and trimers with preferred spacings and orientations that are apparently dictated by the underlying support[1]. In turn, the reactive sponge property of gamma -alumina is the key to understanding the Pt clusters. Our calculations demonstrate that if three Pt atoms fill three vacancies created during the reactive sponge process, the resulting geometry precisely matches that of the Pt trimers observed in the Z-STEM images. Understanding the initial nucleation of small clusters on the complex gamma alumina surface is an essential first step in determining the origins of catalytic activity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100036 ER PT S AU Kilaas, R Radmilovic, V Dahmen, U AF Kilaas, R Radmilovic, V Dahmen, U BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI Structure refinement of S-phase precipitates in Al-Cu-Mg alloys by quantitative HRTEM SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; IMAGES; MORPHOLOGY; ALUMINUM AB The crystal structure of the Al2CuMg S-phase precipitate in an Al matrix has been determined by quantitative high resolution electron microscopy. This work combines techniques of image processing and quantitative comparison between experimental and simulated images with automatic refinement of imaging and structural parameters. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kilaas, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100041 ER PT S AU Kenik, EA Busby, JT Was, GS AF Kenik, EA Busby, JT Was, GS BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI High spatial resolution X-ray microanalysis of radiation-induced segregation in proton-irradiated stainless steels SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MICROSTRUCTURE AB The spatial redistribution of alloying elements and impurities near grain boundaries in several stainless steel alloys arising from non-equilibrium processes have been measured by analytical electron microscopy (AEM) in a field emission scanning transmission electron microscope. Radiation-induced segregation (RIS) has been shown to result in significant compositional changes at point defects sinks, such as grain boundaries. The influence of irradiation dose and temperature, alloy composition, prior heat treatment, and post-irradiation annealing on the grain boundary composition profiles have been investigated. Understanding the importance of these microchemical changes relative to the radiation-induced microstructural change in irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) of the irradiated materials is the primary goal of this study. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kenik, EA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100044 ER PT S AU Plitzko, JM Campbell, GH King, WE Foiles, SM AF Plitzko, JM Campbell, GH King, WE Foiles, SM BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI Investigation of copper segregation to the Sigma 5(310)/[001] symmetric tilt grain boundary in aluminum SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RECONSTRUCTION; RESOLUTION; SIMULATION AB The Sigma5 (310)/[001] symmetric tilt grain boundary (STGB) in the face centered cubic (FCC) metal aluminum. with 1at% copper has been studied. The model grain boundary has been fabricated by ultra-high vacuum diffusion bonding of alloy single crystals. The segregation of the copper has been encouraged by annealing the sample after bonding at 200 degreesC. TEM samples of this FCC-material were prepared with a new low voltage ion mill under very low angles. The atomic structure of the Sigma5(310)/[001] STGB for this system was modeled with electronic structure calculations. These theoretical calculations of the interface structure indicate that the Cu atoms segregate to distinct sites at the interface. High resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) and analytical electron microscopy including electron energy spectroscopic imaging and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry have been used to explore the segregation to the grain boundary. The HRTEM images and the analytical measurements were performed using different kinds of microscopes, including a Philips CM300 FEG equipped with an imaging energy filter. The amount of the segregated species at the interface was quantified in a preliminary way. To determine the atomic positions of the segregated atoms at the interface, HRTEM coupled with image simulation and a first attempt of a holographic reconstruction from a through-focal series have been used. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Plitzko, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010; Plitzko, Juergen/H-9576-2014 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100045 ER PT S AU Kotula, PG Keenan, MR Anderson, IM AF Kotula, PG Keenan, MR Anderson, IM BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI SEM/EDX spectrum imaging and statistical analysis of a metal/ceramic braze SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MULTIVARIATE AB Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging has been performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on a metal/ceramic braze to characterize the elemental distribution near the interface. Statistical methods were utilized to extract the relevant information (i.e., chemical phases and their distributions) from the spectrum image data set in a robust and unbiased way. The raw spectrum image was over 15 Mbytes (7500 spectra) while the statistical analysis resulted in five spectra and five images which describe the phases resolved above the noise level and their distribution in the microstructure. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kotula, PG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 329 EP 334 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100049 ER PT S AU Campbell, GH King, WE Belak, J Moriarty, JA Foiles, SM AF Campbell, GH King, WE Belak, J Moriarty, JA Foiles, SM BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI Electronic effects on grain boundary structure in BCC metals SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID TRANSITION-METALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; ANGULAR FORCES; MO AB The dominant factor in determining the atomic structure of grain boundaries is the crystal structure of the material, e.g. FCC vs. BCC. However, for a given crystal structure, the structure of grain boundaries can be influenced by electronic effects unique to the element comprising the crystal. Understanding and modeling the influence of electronic structure on defect structures is a key ingredient for successful atomistic simulations of materials with more complicated crystal structures than FCC. We have found that grain boundary structure is a critical test for interatomic potentials. To that end, we have fabricated the nominally identical Sigma5 (310)/[001] symmetric tilt grain boundary in three different BCC metals (Nb, Mo, and Ta) by diffusion bonding precisely oriented single crystals. The structure of these boundaries have been determined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The boundaries have been found to have different atomic structures. The structures of these boundaries have been modeled with atomistic simulations using interatomic potentials incorporating angularly dependent d-state interactions, as obtained from Model Generalized Pseudopotential Theory. We report here new experimental and theoretical results for Ta. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Campbell, GH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100052 ER PT S AU Evans, ND Imamura, PH Bentley, J Mecartney, ML AF Evans, ND Imamura, PH Bentley, J Mecartney, ML BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI Characterization of intergranular phases in doped zirconia polycrystals SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SUPERPLASTIC SIO2-DOPED TZP; GLASS; DEFORMATION; FLOW AB Analytical electron microscopy at high spatial resolution in a scanning-transmission mode has been used to investigate the effects of glassy or crystalline material additions on grain boundary chemistry in yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystals, Powders of additive phase were mixed into 3-mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals ('3Y-TZP') or 8-mol% yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia polycrystals ('8Y-CSZ'). Zirconias processed without additive phases were also examined. Without additives, grain boundaries were depleted in zirconium and enriched in yttrium. In 3Y-TZP with 1 wt% borosilicate glass, silicon was observed only at triple points, but not in grain boundaries. In 3Y-TZP with I wt% barium silicate glass, barium was observed both along grain boundaries and at triple points, whereas silicon was detected only within the triple points. This suggests either the composition of the additive phase at the grain boundary is different from that at the triple points, or that barium ions segregate to grain boundaries during processing. In 8Y-CSZ with 1 wt% silica, silicon was observed in grain boundaries by an EDS spatial differencing technique. In 8Y-CSZ with 10 wt% alumina, EDS revealed aluminum at all grain boundaries examined. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Evans, ND (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100058 ER PT S AU Bentley, J Walter, KC Evans, ND AF Bentley, J Walter, KC Evans, ND BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI Bonding in ion-implanted carbon films characterized by TEM spectrum lines and energy-filtered imaging SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID POSTCOLUMN AB Ion-implanted diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been characterized by techniques based on electron energy-loss spectrometry using an imaging energy filter on a 300kV TEM. Nitrogen implantation results in increased sp(2) bonding and a 1.3 eV shift to higher binding energies for carbon-K. Argon implantation results in a smaller increase in Sp(2) bonding with no detectable binding energy shift. The fraction of implanted species retained is much smaller for Ar than for N. Differences in behavior between N- and Ar-implanted DLC are consistent with expected chemical reactions. Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of mapping the pi* / sigma* intensity (sp(2) / sp(3)) ratio by energy-filtered TEM as an alternative to spectrum imaging in STEM mode. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bentley, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 395 EP 400 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100060 ER PT S AU Ward, D Fallon, P AF Ward, D Fallon, P BE Negele, JW Vogt, EW TI High spin properties of atomic nuclei SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 26 SE ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; MULTI-QUASI-PARTICLE; IDENTICAL SUPERDEFORMED BANDS; HIGH ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; RAPIDLY ROTATING NUCLEI; DIFFERENTIAL LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; FUSION-EVAPORATION REACTIONS; COINCIDENCE DATA SETS; RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; MASS REGION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 351 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2970 BN 0-306-46685-6 J9 ADV NUCL PHYS JI Adv. Nucl. Phys. PY 2001 VL 26 BP 167 EP 291 PG 125 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT67K UT WOS:000173704500003 ER PT S AU Garcon, M Van Orden, JW AF Garcon, M Van Orden, JW BE Negele, JW Vogt, EW TI The deuteron: Structure and form factors SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 26 SE ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID NUCLEON-NUCLEON-SCATTERING; LIGHT-FRONT DYNAMICS; BETHE-SALPETER-EQUATION; ELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; ONE-BOSON-EXCHANGE; COVARIANT CURRENT OPERATOR; LOW MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION A(Q(2)) C1 CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Garcon, M (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 289 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2970 BN 0-306-46685-6 J9 ADV NUCL PHYS JI Adv. Nucl. Phys. PY 2001 VL 26 BP 293 EP 378 PG 86 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT67K UT WOS:000173704500004 ER PT S AU Cooke, BM Mohandas, N Coppell, RL AF Cooke, BM Mohandas, N Coppell, RL BE Baker, JR Muller, R Rollinson, D TI The malaria-infected red blood cell: Structural and functional changes SO ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY, VOL 50 SE Advances in Parasitology LA English DT Review ID ERYTHROCYTE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEIN; PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; CHONDROITIN SULFATE-A; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE MEMBRANE; MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GLYCOPHORIN-BINDING PROTEIN C1 Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Lawrence Berkeley Labs, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Cooke, BM (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, POB 53, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124 NR 397 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0065-308X BN 0-12-031750-8 J9 ADV PARASIT JI Adv.Parasitol. PY 2001 VL 50 BP 1 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0065-308X(01)50029-9 PG 86 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA BT32Y UT WOS:000172671800001 PM 11757330 ER PT S AU Thompson, AC Underwood, JH Anderson, EH McHugo, SA Lai, B AF Thompson, AC Underwood, JH Anderson, EH McHugo, SA Lai, B BE Freund, AK Ishikawa, T Khounsary, AM Mancini, DC Michette, AG Oestreich, S TI Characterization of the focal quality of micron size beams from x-ray mirrors and zone plates SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT X-Ray Mirrors, Crystals, and Multilayers Conference CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE flare from x-ray optics; x-ray mirror; x-ray optics; x-ray zone plate AB With the development of high quality x-ray mirrors and x-ray zone plates, the use of micron-size x-ray beams is growing rapidly. The size of the focal spot is frequently characterized by measuring either the transmitted or fluorescence counting rate as a knife edge is scanned through the beam; the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the derivative of this scan is often quoted as the "resolution" of the system. Many systems have been built which are claimed to have a focal spot size of 1 mum(2) or less. Unfortunately, this parameter does not give an accurate presentation of the focal quality of the beam. We have developed a test using a pattern of microfabricated "dots" on a silicon wafer to measure the encircled energy in an x-ray focal spot as a function of radius. Using this test, we have found that focused x-ray beams frequently have a large, low intensity flare that is not represented in the beam profile as measured by the knife edge scan method. This flare can be produced by several factors including diffuse scattering from the mirror surfaces and higher orders of a zone plate. It can cause serious errors in when calculating elemental concentrations in heterogeneous samples. In addition, for micro-XAS experiments where the energy is scanned to identify the compound at a particular point, this flare may vary as a function of energy and therefore change the XAS spectra from a small particle in a complex sample. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thompson, AC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3790-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4145 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.411640 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BS06V UT WOS:000168538300003 ER PT S AU Tajiri, G Khounsary, A Mancini, D AF Tajiri, G Khounsary, A Mancini, D BE Freund, AK Ishikawa, T Khounsary, AM Mancini, DC Michette, AG Oestreich, S TI A simple and effective modification of a sagittally focusing x-ray diffraction optic SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT X-Ray Mirrors, Crystals, and Multilayers Conference CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; MONOCHROMATOR AB Some experiments performed at bending magnet beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) will benefit from a focused photon beam. A commercial sagittal focusing bender that uses a simple rectangular plate as the diffraction element could be utilized for this purpose. However, the thin rectangular diffracting plate, specified by the manufacturer, is susceptible to anticlastic bending. A simple ribbed plate that utilizes this commercial bender but that reduces anticlastic bending is proposed as a solution. This design uses a pair of sufficiently stiff ribs on the diffracting surface, which substantially suppresses anticlastic bending. The finite element analysis (FEA) method was used to predict the overall structural response of this sagittally bent plate and its anticlastic distortion. Results are compared with unribbed plates showing an effective reduction in anticlastic bending. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, User Program Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tajiri, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, User Program Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3790-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4145 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.411627 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BS06V UT WOS:000168538300015 ER PT S AU Ilinski, PP Lai, B Bassom, NJ Donald, J Athas, G AF Ilinski, PP Lai, B Bassom, NJ Donald, J Athas, G BE Freund, AK Ishikawa, T Khounsary, AM Mancini, DC Michette, AG Oestreich, S TI X-ray zone plate fabrication using a focused ion beam SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT X-Ray Mirrors, Crystals, and Multilayers Conference CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray; zone plate; focused ion beam; microfabrication ID DEPTH CONTROL; MICROFABRICATION; LITHOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION AB An x-ray zone plate was fabricated using the novel approach of focused ion beam (FIB) milling. The FIB technique was developed in recent years, it has been successfully used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation, lithographic mask repair, and failure analysis of semiconductor devices. During FIB milling, material is removed by the physical sputtering action of ion bombardment. The sputter yield is high enough to remove a substantial amount of material, therefore FIB can perform a direct patterning with submicron accuracy. We succeeded in fabricating an x-ray phase zone plate using the Micrion 9500HT FIB station, which has a 50 kV Ga(+) column. Circular Fresnel zones were milled in a 1.0-mum-thick TaSiN film deposited on a silicon wafer. The outermost zone width of the zone plate is 170 nn at a radius of 60 mum An achieved aspect ratio was 6:1. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ilinski, PP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ilinski@aps.anl.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3790-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4145 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1117/12.411652 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BS06V UT WOS:000168538300037 ER PT S AU Compere, AL Griffith, WL Leitten, CF Shaffer, JT AF Compere, AL Griffith, WL Leitten, CF Shaffer, JT BE Falcone, A Nelson, KM Albers, R Avery, WB TI Low cost carbon fiber from renewable resources SO ADVANCING AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn, Seattle Chapter DE carbon fiber precursor; lignin; cellulosic; recycled AB The Department of Energy Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles has shown that, by lowering overall weight, the use of carbon fiber composites could dramatically decrease domestic vehicle fuel consumption. For the automotive industry to benefit from carbon fiber technology, fiber production will need to be substantially increased and fiber price decreased to $7 / kg To achieve this cost objective, alternate precursors to pitch and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are being investigated as possible carbon fiber feedstocks. Additionally, sufficient fiber to provide 10 to 100 kg for each of the 13 million cars and light trucks produced annually in die U. S. will require an increase of 5 to 50-fold in worldwide carbon fiber production. High-volume, renewable or recycled materials, including lignin, cellulosic fibers, routinely recycled petrochemical fibers, and blends of these components, appear attractive because the cost of these materials is inherently both low and insensitive to changes in petroleum price. Current studies have shown that a number of recycled and renewable polymers can be incorporated into melt-spun fibers attractive as carbon fiber feedstocks. Highly-extrudable lignin blends have attractive yields and can be readily carbonized and graphitized. Examination of the physical structure and properties of carbonized and graphitized fibers indicates the feasibility of use in transportation composite applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Compere, AL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 29 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-91-3 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 33 BP 1306 EP 1314 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT76Y UT WOS:000173976200115 ER PT J AU Lewtas, J Pang, YB Booth, D Reimer, S Eatough, DJ Gundel, LA AF Lewtas, J Pang, YB Booth, D Reimer, S Eatough, DJ Gundel, LA TI Comparison of sampling methods for semi-volatile organic carbon associated with PM2.5 SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; AMBIENT AIR; PARTICULATE; SYSTEM; PHASE; GAS; ARTIFACT AB This study evaluates the influence of denuder sampling methods and filter collection media on the measurement of semi-volatile organic carbon (SVOC) associated with PM2.5. Two types of collection media, charcoal (activated carbon) and XAD, were used both in diffusion denuders and impregnated back-up filters in two different samplers, the VAPS and the PC-BOSS. The two organic diffusion denuders were XAD-coated glass annular denuders and charcoal-impregnated cellulose fiber filter (CIF) denuders. In addition, recently developed XAD-impregnated quartz filters were compared to CIF filters as back-up filter collection media. The two denuder types resulted in equivalent measurement of particulate organic carbon and particle mass. The major difference observed between the XAD and charcoal BOSS denuders is the higher efficiency of charcoal for collection of more volatile carbon. This more volatile carbon does not contribute substantially to the particle mass or SVOC measured as OC on quartz filters downstream of the denuders. This volatile carbon does result in high OC concentrations observed in charcoal filters placed behind quartz filters downstream of the SAD denuders and would result in overestimating the SVOC in that configuration. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Off Environm Assessment, Reg 10, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lewtas, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, OEA-095,1200 6th Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 40 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 34 IS 1 BP 9 EP 22 DI 10.1080/027868201300081905 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394LN UT WOS:000166525700002 ER PT J AU Thrall, KD Callahan, PJ Weitz, KK Edwards, JA Brinkman, MC Kenny, DV AF Thrall, KD Callahan, PJ Weitz, KK Edwards, JA Brinkman, MC Kenny, DV TI Design and evaluation of a breath-analysis system for biological monitoring of volatile compounds SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE breath analysis; exposure assessment; PBPK modeling; field studies ID EXPOSURE INDEXES; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; EXHALED BREATH; BENZENE; TOLUENE; HUMANS; RAT AB To ensure the health and safety of workers, integrated industrial hygiene methodologies often include biological monitoring of the workers to help understand their exposure to chemicals. To this end, a field-portable breath-analysis system was developed and tested to measure selected solvents in exhaled air. The exhaled breath data were evaluated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to relate exposure to tissue dose. The system was designed to monitor workers every time they entered or left a work environment-a vast improvement over current 8-hour integrated monitoring strategies. The system combines (1) chemical dosimeters to measure airborne contaminant levels (analyzed in the field/ workplace); (2) real-time breath analysis to quantitate exposure; and 3) PBPK models to estimate internal target tissue dose. To evaluate the system, field tests were conducted at two locations: (1) at an incinerator in Tennessee monitoring benzene and toluene exposures; and (2) a waste repackaging facility in Washington State where hexane, trimethylbenzene, and methylene chloride was monitored. Exhaled breath was sampled and analyzed before and after each specific job task, which ranged from 15 min to 8 hours in duration. In both field studies several volunteers had posttask breath levels higher than pretask levels. The greatest increase corresponded to 573 ppb for methylene chloride and 60 ppb for toluene. Compared with breath analysis, the chemical dosimeters underpredicted the dosimetry, particularly for longer sampling intervals when the volume of air sampled may have diluted exposures. The results of the field studies illustrate the utility of monitoring workers for exposures throughout the day, particularly when job-specific tasks may indicate a potential for exposure. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mol Biosci Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atmospher Sci & Appl Technol Dept, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Thrall, KD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mol Biosci Dept, POB 999 Mail Stop P7-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 62 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1080/15298660108984606 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 404DU UT WOS:000167082800004 PM 11258865 ER PT B AU Chan, ST Stevens, DE AF Chan, ST Stevens, DE BE Gryning, SE Schiermeier, FA TI An evaluation of two advanced turbulence models for simulating the flow and dispersion around buildings SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY MAY 15-19, 2000 CL BOULDER, CO SP NATO, CCMS, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Riso Natl Lab, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chan, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46534-5 PY 2001 BP 521 EP 530 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS21K UT WOS:000169088600053 ER PT B AU Leach, MJ Chin, HN AF Leach, MJ Chin, HN BE Gryning, SE Schiermeier, FA TI Uncertainty in dispersion forecasting using meteorological ensembles SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY MAY 15-19, 2000 CL BOULDER, CO SP NATO, CCMS, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Riso Natl Lab, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut ID MESOSCALE C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leach, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46534-5 PY 2001 BP 659 EP 664 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS21K UT WOS:000169088600066 ER PT B AU Slansky, R AF Slansky, R BE SaintAubin, Y Vinet, L TI Highest-weight representations of Borcherds algebras SO ALGEBRAIC METHODS IN PHYSICS: SYMPOSIUM FOR THE 60TH BIRTHDAYS OF JIRI PATERA AND PAVEL WINTERNITZ SE CRM SERIES IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honour of Jiri Patera and Pavel Winternitz on Algebraic Methods in Physics CY JAN, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA AB General features of highest-weight representations of Borcherds algebras are described. These algebras provide a way to extend a Kac-Moody algebra to include the Hamiltonian and number-changing operators in a generalized symmetry structure. To show their typical features, the weight systems of several representations of a Borcherds extension of su(2) are computed. Then the extension of affine-su(2) to a Borcherds algebra is examined. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Slansky, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B210, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95125-3 J9 CRM SER MATH PHYS PY 2001 BP 233 EP 245 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BT02M UT WOS:000171689400016 ER PT S AU Bell, WR Weber, PG AF Bell, WR Weber, PG BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Multispectral Thermal Imager - Overview SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE modeling; analysis; system design; multispectral imaging; thermal imaging; calibration AB The Multispectral Thermal Imager, MTI, is a research and development project sponsored by the United States Department of Energy. The primary mission is to demonstrate advanced multispectral and thermal imaging from a satellite, including new technologies, data processing and analysis techniques. The MTI builds on the efforts of a number of earlier efforts, including Landsat, NASA remote sensing missions, and others, but the MTI incorporates a unique combination of attributes. The MTI satellite was launched on 12 March 2000 into a 580 km X 610 km, sun-synchronous orbit with nominal 1 am and 1 pm equatorial crossing times. The Air Force Space Test Program provided the Orbital Sciences Taurus launch vehicle. The satellite has a design lifetime of a year, with a goal of three years. The satellite and payload can typically observe six sites per day, with either one or two observations per site from nadir and off-nadir angles. Data are stored in the satellite memory and down-linked to a ground station at Sandia National Laboratory. Data are then forwarded to the Data Processing and Analysis Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory for processing, analysis, and distribution to the MTI team and collaborators. We will provide an overview of the Project, a few examples of data products, and an introduction to more detailed presentations in this special session. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Bell, WR (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.437007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200018 ER PT S AU Decker, ML Kay, RR Rackley, NG AF Decker, ML Kay, RR Rackley, NG BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) satellite hardware status, tasking and operations SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB MTI is a comprehensive R&D project, featuring a single satellite in a sun-synchronous orbit designed to collect radiometrically accurate images of instrumented ground sites in 15 spectral bands ranging from visible to long-wave infrared. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg AFB on March 12, 2000 aboard an Orbital Sciences Corporation Taurus rocket. After launch, the operations team completed a 3-month turn-on, checkout and alignment procedure, and declared the satellite ready for its R&D mission on June 12, 2000. The satellite is currently healthy, having collected over 1,100 images during its first nine months of operation. This paper presents a brief satellite overview and documents on-orbit status and operational experience, including anomalies and their resolution. *Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under contract number DE-ACO4-94AL85000. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Decker, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 184 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.437008 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200019 ER PT S AU Szymanski, JJ Atkins, W Balick, L Borel, CC Clodius, WB Christensen, W Davis, AB Echohawk, JC Galbraith, A Hirsch, K Krone, JB Little, C Maclachlan, P Morrison, A Pollock, K Pope, P Novak, C Ramsey, K Riddle, E Rohde, C Roussel-Dupre, D Smith, BW Smith, K Starkovich, K Theiler, J Weber, PG AF Szymanski, JJ Atkins, W Balick, L Borel, CC Clodius, WB Christensen, W Davis, AB Echohawk, JC Galbraith, A Hirsch, K Krone, JB Little, C Maclachlan, P Morrison, A Pollock, K Pope, P Novak, C Ramsey, K Riddle, E Rohde, C Roussel-Dupre, D Smith, BW Smith, K Starkovich, K Theiler, J Weber, PG BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI MTI science, data products and ground data processing overview SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multispectral analysis; remote sensing algorithms; thermal infrared; data processing centers ID RETRIEVAL; SENSORS AB The mission of the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) satellite is to demonstrate the efficacy of highly accurate multispectral imaging for passive characterization of urban and industrial areas, as well as sites of environmental interest. The satellite makes top-of-atmosphere radiance measurements that are subsequently processed into estimates of surface properties such as vegetation health, temperatures, material composition and others. The MTI satellite also provides simultaneous data for atmospheric characterization at high spatial resolution. To utilize these data the NM science program has several coordinated components, including modeling, comprehensive ground-truth measurements, image acquisition planning, data processing and data interpretation and analysis. Algorithms have been developed to retrieve a multitude of physical quantities and these algorithms are integrated in a processing pipeline architecture that emphasizes automation, flexibility and programmability. In addition, the MTI science team has produced detailed site, system and atmospheric models to aid in system design and data analysis. This paper provides an overview of the MTI research objectives, data products and ground data processing. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Szymanski, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rohde, Charles/A-9614-2011 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1117/12.437009 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200020 ER PT S AU Rohde, CA Hirsch, KL Davis, AB AF Rohde, CA Hirsch, KL Davis, AB BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Performance of the interactive procedures for daytime detection of dense clouds in the MTI pipeline SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MTI; multispectral imaging; cloud detection AB Pixel-scale cloud detection relies on the simple fact that dense-enough clouds are generally brighter, whiter, and colder than the underlying surface. These plain-language statements are readily translated into threshold operations in the multispectral subspaces, thus providing a reasonable premise for searching data cubes for cloud signatures. To supplement this spectral input (VIS, NIR, and TIR channels), we remark that cloud tops are generally above most of the water vapor in the atmosphere column. An extra threshold in the MTI water vapor product can therefore be applied. This helps considerably in cases where one of the default cloud signatures becomes ambiguous. The resulting cloud mask is however still sensitive to the thresholds in brightness, whiteness, temperature, and col water content, especially since we also want to flag low-level clouds that axe not-so-dense. Clouds are also generally spatially large compared to pixel size. This implies that simple spatial morphological filters can be use to remove false positives and for expansion of the cloud mask. A false positive is indeed preferable to a miss in the view of MTI's mission in support of nuclear non-proliferation; non-local cloud radiative effects can otherwise bias retrievals in adjacent cloud-free areas. Therefore we use a data analyst to ensure builtin quality control for MTI cloud masks. When looking for low-level clouds, the analyst interacts with a GUI containing histograms, a customized RGB rendering of the input data, and an RGB diagnostic cloud mask for quick evaluation of all threshold values. We use MTI data to document the performance and analyst-sensitivity to this procedure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp NIS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rohde, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp NIS2, POB 1663,Mail Stop C-323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rohde, Charles/A-9614-2011 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.437010 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200021 ER PT S AU Borel, CC Clodius, W AF Borel, CC Clodius, W BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Recipes for writing algorithms for atmospheric corrections and temperature/emissivity separations in the thermal regime for a multi-spectral sensor SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MTI; multi-spectral imaging; water temperature; emissivity; atmospheric correction AB This paper discusses the algorithms created for the Multi-spectral Thermal Imager (MTI) to retrieve temperatures and emissivities. Recipes to create the physics based water temperature retrieval, emissivity of water surfaces are described. A simple radiative transfer model for multi-spectral sensors is developed. A method to create look-up-tables and the criterion of finding the optimum water temperature are covered. Practical aspects such as conversion from band-averaged radiances to brightness temperatures and effects of variations in the spectral response on the atmospheric transmission are discussed. A recipe for a temperature/emissivity separation algorithm when water surfaces axe present is given. Results of retrievals of skin water temperatures are compared with in-situ measurements of the bulk water temperature at two locations are shown. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borel, CC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Mail Stop C 323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1117/12.437011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200022 ER PT S AU Garrett, AJ Kurzeja, RJ O'steen, BL Parker, MJ Pendergast, MM Aleman, EV Pagnutti, MA AF Garrett, AJ Kurzeja, RJ O'steen, BL Parker, MJ Pendergast, MM Aleman, EV Pagnutti, MA BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Observations and model predictions of water skin temperatures at MTI core site lakes and reservoirs SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE remote sensing; water skin temperature; thermal imagery ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DIFFERENCE AB The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) measured water skin temperatures at four of the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) core sites. The depression of the skin temperature relative to the bulk water temperature (AT) a few centimeters below the surface is a complex function of the weather conditions, turbulent mixing in the water and the bulk water temperature. Observed skin temperature depressions range from near zero to more than 1.0 degreesC. Skin temperature depressions tend to be larger when the bulk water temperature is high, but large depressions were also observed in cool bodies of water in calm conditions at night. We compared AT predictions from three models (SRTC, Schlussel and Wick) against measured AT's from 15 data sets taken at the MTI core sites. The SRTC and Wick models performed somewhat better than the Schlussel model, with RMSE and average absolute errors of about 0.2 degreesC, relative to 0.4 degreesC for the Schlussel model. The average observed DeltaT for all 15 databases was -0.7 degreesC. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Garrett, AJ (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1117/12.437012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200023 ER PT S AU Brumby, SP Harvey, NR Bloch, JJ Theiler, J Perkins, S Young, AC Szymanski, JJ AF Brumby, SP Harvey, NR Bloch, JJ Theiler, J Perkins, S Young, AC Szymanski, JJ BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Evolving forest fire burn severity classification algorithms for multi-spectral imagery SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multispectral; imagery; genetic programming; supervised classification; forest fire; wildfire ID GENETIC ALGORITHM AB Between May 6 and May 18, 2000, the Cerro Grande/Los Alamos wildfire burned approximately 43,000 acres (17,500 ha) and 235 residences in the town of Los Alamos, NM. Initial estimates of forest damage included 17,000 acres (6,900 ha) of 70-100% tree mortality. Restoration efforts following the fire were complicated by the large scale of the fire, and by the presence of extensive natural and man-made hazards. These conditions forced a reliance on remote sensing techniques for mapping and classifying the burn region. During and after the fire, remote-sensing data was acquired from a variety of aircraft-based and satellite-based sensors, including Landsat 7. We now report on the application of a machine learning technique, implemented in a software package called GENIE, to the classification of forest fire burn severity using Landsat 7 ETM+ multispectral imagery. The details of this automatic classification are compared to the manually produced burn classification, which was derived from field observations and manual interpretation of high-resolution aerial color/infrared photography. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brumby, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1117/12.437013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200024 ER PT S AU Perkins, S Harvey, NR Brumby, SP Lacker, K AF Perkins, S Harvey, NR Brumby, SP Lacker, K BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Support vector machines for broad area feature classification in remotely sensed images SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE support vector machines; feature construction; supervised learning; image feature classification; remote sensing; multispectral imagery; hyperspectral imagery; spatial context AB Classification of broad area features in satellite imagery is one of the most important applications of remote sensing. It is often difficult and time-consuming to develop classifiers by hand, so many researchers have turned to techniques from the fields of statistics and machine learning to automatically generate classifiers. Common techniques include maximum likelihood classifiers, neural networks and genetic algorithms. We present a new system called AFREET, which uses a recently developed machine learning paradigm called Support Vector Machines (SVMs). In contrast to other techniques, SVMs offer a solid mathematical foundation that provides a probabilistic guarantee on how well the classifier will generalize to un een data. In addition the SVM training algorithm is guaranteed to converge to the globally optimal SVM classifier, can learn highly non-linear discrimination functions, copes extremely well with high-dimensional feature spaces (such as hyperspectral data), and scales well to large problem sizes. AFREET combines an SVM with a sophisticated spatio-spectral feature construction mechanism that allows it to classify spectrally ambiguous pixels. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the system by applying AFREET to several broad area classification problems in remote sensing, and provide a comparison with conventional maximun likelihood classification. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perkins, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 286 EP 295 DI 10.1117/12.437019 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200029 ER PT S AU Borel, CC Hirsch, KL Balick, LK AF Borel, CC Hirsch, KL Balick, LK BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Recipes for writing algorithms to retrieve columnar water vapor for 3-band multi-spectral data SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MTI; multi-spectral imaging; water vapor algorithms; CIBR; APDA AB Many papers have considered the theory of retrieving columnar water vapor using the continuum interpolated band ratio (CIBR) and a few the atmospherically pre-corrected differential absorption (APDA) methods. In this paper we aim at giving recipes to actually implement CIBR and APDA for the Multi-spectral Thermal Imager (MTI) with the hope that they can be easily adapted to other sensors such as MODIS, AVIRUS and HYDICE. The algorithms have the four following steps in common: (1) running a radiative transfer (RT) algorithm for a range of water vapor values and a particular observation geometry, (2) computation of sensor band-averaged radiances, (3) computation of a non-linear fit of channel ratios (CIBR or APDA) as a function of water vapor, (4) application of the inverse fit to retrieve columnar water vapor as a function of channel ratio. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borel, CC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Mailstop C 323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1117/12.437030 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200040 ER PT S AU Hirsch, KL Balick, L Borel, C McLachlan, P AF Hirsch, KL Balick, L Borel, C McLachlan, P BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI A comparison of four methods for determining precipitable water vapor content from multi-spectral data SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MTI; multispectral imaging; water vapor algorithms AB Determining columnar water vapor is a fundamental problem in remote sensing. This measurement is important both for understanding atmospheric variability and also fro removing atmospheric effects from remotely sensed data. Therefore, discovering a reliable, and if possible, automated method for determining water vapor column abundance is important. There are two standard methods for determining precipitable water vapor during the daytime from multi-spectral data. The first method is the Continuum Interpolated Band Ratio (CIBR) (see for example King, et al., 1996(1)). This method assumes a baseline and measures the depth of a water vapor feature as compared to this baseline. The second method is the Atmospheric Pre corrected Differential Absorption technique (APDA) (see Schlapfer, et al., 1998(2)); this method accounts for the path radiance contribution to the top of atmosphere radiance measurement, which is increasingly important at lower and lower reflectance values. We have also developed two methods of modifying CIBR. We use a simple curve fitting procedure to account for and remove any systematic errors due to low reflectance while still preserving the random spread of the CIBR values as a function of surface reflectance. We also have developed a two-dimensional look-up table for CIBR; CIBR, using this technique, is a function of both water vapor (as with all CIBR techniques) and surface reflectance. Here we use data recently acquired with the Multi-spectral Thermal Imager spacecraft (MTI) to compare these four methods of determining columnar water vapor content. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hirsch, KL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp NIS 2, POB 1663,Mail Stop C-323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 417 EP 428 DI 10.1117/12.437031 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200041 ER PT S AU Garrett, AJ Kurzeja, RJ Parker, MJ O' steen, BL Pendergast, MM Villa-Aleman, E AF Garrett, AJ Kurzeja, RJ Parker, MJ O' steen, BL Pendergast, MM Villa-Aleman, E BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Ground truth collections at the MTI core sites SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE validation; verification; ground truth; multispectral imaging AB The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) selected 13 sites across the continental US and one site in the western Pacific to serve as the primary or core site for collection of ground truth data for validation of MTI science algorithms. Imagery and ground truth data from several of these sites are presented in this paper. These sites are the Comanche Peak, Pilgrim and Turkey Point power plants, Ivanpah playas, Crater Lake, Stennis Space Center and the Tropical Western Pacific ARM site on the island of Nauru. Ground truth data includes water temperatures (bulk and skin), radiometric data, meteorological data and plant operating data. The organizations that manage these sites assist SRTC with its ground truth data collections and also give the MTI project a variety of ground truth measurements that they make for their own purposes. Collectively, the ground truth data from the 14 core sites constitute a comprehensive database for science algorithm validation. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Garrett, AJ (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1117/12.437032 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200042 ER PT S AU Balick, L Gillespie, A Abbott, E Sabol, D Kahle, A Borel, C Pendergast, M AF Balick, L Gillespie, A Abbott, E Sabol, D Kahle, A Borel, C Pendergast, M BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Multiscale thermal-infrared measurements of the Mauna Loa caldera, Hawai'i SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE temperature; scale; Mauna Loa; remote sensing ID RESOLUTION AB Until recently, most thermal infrared measurements of natural scenes have been made at disparate scales, typically 10(-3)-10(-2)m (spectra) and 10(2)-10(3)m (satellite images), with occasional airborne images (10(1)m) filling the gap. Temperature and emissivity fields are spatially heterogeneous over a similar range of scales, depending on scene composition. A common problem for the land surface, therefore, has been relating field spectral and temperature measurements to satellite data, yet in many cases this is necessary if satellite data are to be interpreted to yield meaningful information about the land surface. Recently, three new satellites with thermal imaging capability at the 10(1)-10(2)m scale have been launched: MTI, TERRA, and Landsat 7. MTI acquires multispectral images in the mid-infrared (3-5 mum) and longwave infrared (8-10 mum) with 20m resolution. ASTER and MODIS aboard TERRA acquire multispectral longwave images at 90m and 500-1000m, respectively, and MODIS also acquires multispectral mid-infrared images. Landsat 7 acquires broadband longwave images at 60m. As part of an experiment to validate the temperature and thermal emissivity values calculated from MTI and ASTER images, we have targeted the summit region of Mauna Loa for field characterization and near-simultaneous satellite imaging, both on daytime and nighttime overpasses, and compare the results to previously acquired 10(-1)m airborne images, ground-level multispectral FLIR images, and the field spectra. Mauna Loa was chosen in large part because the 4x6km summit caldera, flooded with fresh basalt in 1984, appears to be spectrally homogeneous at scales between 10(-1) and 10(2)m, facilitating the comparison of sensed temperature. The validation results suggest that, with careful atmospheric compensation, it is possible to match ground measurements with measurements from space, and to use the Mauna Loa validation site for cross-comparison of thermal infrared sensors and temperature/emissivity extraction algorithms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balick, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 440 EP 446 DI 10.1117/12.437033 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200043 ER PT S AU Smith, JL Motomatsu, SE Taylor, JG Jefferson, KJ Stallard, BR AF Smith, JL Motomatsu, SE Taylor, JG Jefferson, KJ Stallard, BR BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Semi-autonomous registration of satellite imagery using feature fitting SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Interband coregistration of multispectral satellite imagery is essential to exploiting the spectral information inherent in these data. A semi-automatic image registration method has been developed for Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) data. This registration method, based on feature fitting within the image, is applicable to the 14 MTI spectral bands that contain ground information; these spectral bands range from 0.45 to 10.7 mum. The feature fitting registration method requires selection of an appropriate scene feature in the image, usually a crossroad or other feature with moderately high contrast to compute the required shift in x and y for each band. This paper describes the algorithm and provides examples of images registered using this method. Preliminary results show that for MTI image registration, feature fitting yields better results than crosscorrelation. Results also show that this algorithm works well for a broad variety of scenes; this algorithm has been applied to images with scene content ranging from desert images with very little structure to heavily forested images. This method has been developed in support of the MTI mission, but may easily be extended for use on image data collected by other multispectral sensors. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0980, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 447 EP 454 DI 10.1117/12.437034 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200044 ER PT S AU Wehlburg, CM Wehlburg, JC Gentry, SM Smith, J AF Wehlburg, CM Wehlburg, JC Gentry, SM Smith, J BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Optimization and characterization of an imaging hadamard spectrometer SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Hadamard transform; spectral imaging; digital micro-mirror device; Offner relay; remote sensing; visible; near-IR; simulation; rejection ratio ID PROGRAMMABLE ARRAY MICROSCOPE; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ENCODING MASK AB Hadamard Transform Spectrometer (HTS) approaches share the multiplexing advantages found in Fourier transform spectrometers. Interest in Hadamard systems has been limited due to data storage/computational limitations and the inability to perform accurate high order masking in a reasonable amount of time. Advances in digital micro-mirror array (DMA) technology have opened the door to implementing an HTS for a variety of applications including fluorescent microscope imaging and Raman imaging. A Hadamard transform spectral imager (HTSI) for remote sensing offers a variety of unique capabilities in one pack-age such as variable spectral and temporal resolution, no moving parts (other than the micro-mirrors) and vibrational insensitivity. An HTSI for remote sensing using a Texas Instrument digital micro-mirror device (TM) (DMD (TM)) is being designed for use in the spectral region 1.25 - 2.5 mum. In an effort to optimize and characterize the system, an HTSI sensor system simulation has been concurrently developed. The design specifications and hardware components for the HTSI are presented together with results calculated by the HTSI simulation that include the effects of digital (vs. analog) scene data input, detector noise, DMD (TM) rejection ratios, multiple diffraction orders and multiple Hadamard mask orders. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wehlburg, CM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 506 EP 515 DI 10.1117/12.437042 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200051 ER PT S AU Doerry, A AF Doerry, A BE Zelnio, EG TI High-precision stereoscopic 3-D mapping accuracy SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VIII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE IFSAR; SAR; radar; stereo; mapping; topography; 3-D AB The state-of-the-art in extremely versatile fine-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems allows incredibly fine resolution and accurate images to be formed over a wide range of imaging geometries (squint angles and depression angles). This capability in turn is allowing the fusion of multiple views of targets and scenes into very accurate 3-dimensional renderings of the same scenes and targets. With proper imaging geometry selections, relative height accuracy within a scene can easily be on the order of the resolution of the original SAR images, thereby rivaling the finest IFSARs even on the drawing boards, and without the height ambiguities typically associated with large-baseline IFSARs. Absolute accuracy is typically limited to the accuracy of SAR flight path knowledge, bounded typically by GPS performance. This paper presents the relationship of height accuracy to imaging geometry (flight path) selection, and illustrates conditions for optimum height estimates. Furthermore, height accuracy is related to 3-D position accuracy and precision over a variety of imaging geometries. Performance claims of height precision on the order of resolution are validated with experimental results that are also presented. using multiple aspects of a target scene collected from a high-performance single-phase-center SAR. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Doerry, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0529, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4077-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4382 BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.1117/12.438240 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BT21S UT WOS:000172292500008 ER PT B AU Chum, H Overend, R AF Chum, H Overend, R BE Dyke, NB TI Poverty alleviation and renewable energy in a sustainable context SO ALLEVIATING GLOBAL POVERTY: TECHNOLOGY FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL UPLIFT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Alleviating Global Poverty - Technology for Economic and Social Uplift CY AUG 18-20, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Aspen Inst C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Bioenergy Syst Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASPEN INSTITUTE PI QUEENSTOWN PA WYE CENTER, PO BOX 222, QUEENSTOWN, MD 21658 USA BN 0-89843-304-5 PY 2001 BP 119 EP 138 PG 20 WC Economics; Social Issues SC Business & Economics; Social Issues GA BV79G UT WOS:000180067100009 ER PT B AU Herling, DR Grant, GJ Smith, MT Hunt, WH Schuster, DM Skibo, MD AF Herling, DR Grant, GJ Smith, MT Hunt, WH Schuster, DM Skibo, MD BE Das, SK Kaufman, JG Lienert, TJ TI Mechanical and physical property evaluation of a 359/SiC/20p MMC prepared by a novel rapid mixing technique SO ALUMINUM 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TMS 2001 ANNUAL MEETING ALUMINUM AUTOMOTIVE AND JOINING SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Automotive Aluminum 2001/Aluminum Joining Including Friction Stir Welding held at the 2001 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-14, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Aluminum Assoc, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID COMPOSITES AB Aluminum metal matrix composites (MMC) have found applications in many industries, from aerospace and automotive to sporting goods and electronics packaging. Nevertheless, relatively high materials costs have been the primary limit to widespread use of such a material family. The use of ceramic particulate instead of fibrous reinforcement has helped to reduce the over-all material cost, for those applications that do not require the additional strength obtained from a fiber-reinforced composite. However, for many cost sensitive industries, such as the transportation industry, widespread application of particulate reinforced MMC is still limited due to material cost. One source of cost is related to the compositing processes used to make aluminum MMC materials, which stir-casting techniques, such as the one employed by Alcan Aluminum Ltd. for their Duralcan product, have become the most common. Metal Matrix Composites for the 21(st) Century (MC-21, Inc.) in Carson City, Nevada, has developed a novel rapid mixing process for the production of MMC materials. This is a proprietary process, with the focus of rapidly mixing the particulate into the matrix alloy. The process claims to significantly reduce the time required for mixing, and therefore can reduce the labor and ultimately MMC material costs. In addition, it is proposed to place such a modular mixing unit at the site of a foundry, producing the composite material as needed and transferring the molten material directly to the casting floor, without the need for remelting of ingot. This would potentially aid in reducing costs. Further cost savings was found in the use of a low cost SiC material for the reinforcement, compared to the standard F-500 grade used in the industry. This paper presents the results of a study to compare the mechanical and physical properties of this lower cost aluminum MMC, with a standard Duralcan F3S.20S MMC product. The two compared materials were comprised of a 359 aluminum alloy, with 20% by volume SiC particulate reinforcement. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Herling, DR (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-509-3 PY 2001 BP 51 EP 64 PG 14 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Transportation Science & Technology SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Transportation GA BT17X UT WOS:000172165700005 ER PT J AU Ewsuk, KG Arguello, JG Zeuch, DH Farber, B Carini, L Kaniuk, J Keller, J Cloutier, C Gold, B Cass, RB French, JD Dinger, B Blumenthal, W AF Ewsuk, KG Arguello, JG Zeuch, DH Farber, B Carini, L Kaniuk, J Keller, J Cloutier, C Gold, B Cass, RB French, JD Dinger, B Blumenthal, W TI CRADA develops model for powder pressing and die design SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Zurcia Ubc, Solon, OH USA. Delphi Energy & Engine Mangement Syst, Flint, MI USA. Super Tech Ceram, St Albans, VT USA. Adv Cerametr Inc, Lambertville, NJ USA. CeramTec N Amer, Laurens, SC USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ewsuk, KG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 393XV UT WOS:000166495700004 ER PT J AU Xu, TF Pruess, K AF Xu, TF Pruess, K TI Modeling multiphase non-isothermal fluid flow and reactive geochemical transport in variably saturated fractured rocks: 1. Methodology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; MASS-TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; OXIDATION; PRECIPITATION; APPROXIMATION; TEMPERATURES; COEFFICIENTS; DISSOLUTION; GROUNDWATER AB Reactive fluid flow and geochemical transport in unsaturated fractured rocks have received increasing attention for studies of contaminant transport, ground-water quality, waste disposal, acid mine drainage remediation, mineral deposits, sedimentary diagenesis, and fluid-rock interactions in hydrothermal systems, This paper presents methods for modeling geochemical systems that emphasize: (1) involvement of the gas phase in addition to liquid and solid phases m fluid flow, mass transport, and chemical reactions; (2) treatment of physically and chemically heterogeneous and fractured rocks, (3) the effect of heat on fluid flow and reaction properties and processes, and (4) the kinetics of fluid-rock interaction. The physical and chemical process model is embodied in a system of partial differential equations for flow and transport, coupled to algebraic equations and ordinary differential equations for chemical interactions. For numerical solution, the continuum equations are discretized in space and time. Space discretization is based on a flexible integral finite difference approach that can use irregular gridding to model geologic structure; time is discretized fully implicitly as a first-order finite difference. Heterogeneous and fractured media are treated with a general multiple interacting continua method that includes double-porosity, dual-permeability, and multi-region models as special cases, A sequential iteration approach is used to treat the coupling between fluid flow and mass transport on the one hand, chemical reactions on the other. Applications of the methods developed here to variably saturated geochemical systems are presented in a companion paper (part 2, this issue). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 67 TC 141 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 47 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 301 IS 1 BP 16 EP 33 DI 10.2475/ajs.301.1.16 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 436HP UT WOS:000168930700002 ER PT J AU Xu, TF Sonnenthal, E Spycher, N Pruess, K Brimhall, G Apps, J AF Xu, TF Sonnenthal, E Spycher, N Pruess, K Brimhall, G Apps, J TI Modeling multiphase non-isothermal fluid flow and reactive geochemical transport in variably saturated fractured rocks: 2. Applications to supergene copper enrichment and hydrothermal flows SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATACAMA DESERT; NORTHERN CHILE; LA-ESCONDIDA; SYSTEMS; WATER; DISSOLUTION; KINETICS; MINERALS; PYRITE; QUARTZ AB Reactive fluid flow and geochemical transport in unsaturated fractured rocks has been of increasing interest to investigators in the areas of geo- and environmental- sciences, To test geochemical hypotheses based on petrologic observation and to predict geochemical reactions that occur through a complex dynamic interplay of physical and chemical processes, we use the methods presented in a companion paper (part 1, this issue p. 16-33) to investigate two problems: (1) supergene copper enrichment in unsaturated-saturated media and (2) predicted effects of thermohydrology on geochemistry during the Drift Scale Heater Test at the Yucca Mountain potential nuclear waste repository, Nevada. Through these two examples we address the importance of the following Issues on geochemical processes: (1) participation of gas phase in transport and reaction, (2) interactions between fractures and rock matrix for water and chemical constituents, (3) heat effects on fluid flow and reaction properties and processes. In the supergene enrichment system, oxygen gas diffusion from the land surface through fractured rock promotes the alteration of the primary sulfide minerals and the subsequent deposition of secondary minerals, Modeling of the large-scale heater test shows effects of fracture-matrix interaction, heat-driven vaporizing fluid flow, and CO2 degassing on mineral alteration patterns. The two examples also serve as a demonstration of our methods for reactive transport in variably saturated fractured rocks. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geol & Geophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, TF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sonnenthal, Eric/A-4336-2009; Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010 NR 38 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 301 IS 1 BP 34 EP 59 DI 10.2475/ajs.301.1.34 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 436HP UT WOS:000168930700003 ER PT J AU Ryan, TJ Winne, CT AF Ryan, TJ Winne, CT TI Effects of hydroperiod on metamorphosis in Rana sphenocephala SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; TADPOLES; COMPETITION; SALAMANDER; COMPLEX; FROGS; COMMUNITIES; PLASTICITY; TIME AB Hydroperiod, the time a temporary pond holds water, is an important factor influencing recruitment in amphibian populations and structuring amphibian communities. We conducted an experiment to test the effect of hydroperiod on metamorphic traits of the southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala), a common amphibian in the southeastern United States. We reared larval R. sphenocephala in artificial ponds at a density of 32 larvae per tank (initial volume = approximately 650 liter). We dried the tanks according to natural patterns, using three different hydroperiods (60, 75 and 90 d). Experimental hydroperiods had a significant effect on the number of metamorphs and the length of the larval period, but not on overall survival (larvae + metamorphs) nor size at metamorphosis. Our findings confirm a pattern observed in field studies and are similar to results of experimental investigations of closely related ranid frogs. Our results demonstrate that relatively small differences in hydroperiod length (i.e., as little as 15 d) may have large effects on juvenile recruitment in R. sphenocephala. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Ryan, TJ (reprint author), Furman Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 145 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2001)145[0046:EOHOMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397UE UT WOS:000166715100005 ER PT J AU Metts, BS Lanham, JD Russell, KR AF Metts, BS Lanham, JD Russell, KR TI Evaluation of herpetofaunal communities on upland streams and beaver-impounded streams in the upper Piedmont of South Carolina SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CASTOR-CANADENSIS; DYNAMICS AB Beavers (Coster canadensis) create numerous scattered wetlands ill the southeastern United States that alter the composition of aquatic and adjacent terrestrial communities. Howe rer, the influence of beaver ponds on communities of amphibians and reptiles (herpetofauna) is poorly known. We used drift fences, coverboards and aquatic traps to compare herpetofaunal communities from unimpounded streams (n = 3) with those of beaver ponds (n = 3) in the Piedmont of South Carolina during 1998 slid 1999. We also characterized differences in environmental and upland habitat attributes between beaver ponds and unimpounded streams. There were Ilo significant differences ill overall herpetofaunal abundance between unimpounded streams and beaver ponds, although significantly more salamanders were captured at unimpounded streams and significantly more anurans, lizards and turtles were captured at braver ponds. Estimates of amphibian and reptile species overlap were high for beaver ponds and unimpounded streams. However, the richness (S), diversity (H') and evenness (J') of amphibians were significantly higher at unimpounded streams than at beaver ponds. In contrast, the abundance, richness and diversity of reptiles were significantly higher at beaver impoundments. Differences in amphibian and reptile community attributes between beaver ponds were related to the lotic or lentic habitat requirements of individual species and the effects of beaver impoundments oil surrounding terrestrial habitats. Our study indicates that natural disturbances resulting fi om beaver-created wetlands increase regional abundance and diversity of herpetofauna. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Willamette Ind Inc, Coast Operat, Dallas, OR 97338 USA. RP Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM metts@srel.edu NR 48 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 145 IS 1 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2001)145[0054:EOHCOU]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397UE UT WOS:000166715100006 ER PT J AU Baker, LA Warren, RJ Diefenbach, DR James, WE AF Baker, LA Warren, RJ Diefenbach, DR James, WE TI Prey selection by reintroduced bobcats (Lynx rufus) on Cumberland Island, Georgia SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; PREDATOR; POPULATIONS; DIET AB We released bobcats (Lynx rufus) on Cumberland Island, Georgia during 1988 and 1989 as part of a cooperative effort to restore an extirpated predator to the island. We collected data on prey use and prey abundance three times a year during 2 y following the initial bobcat releases. We tested four hypotheses concerning bobcat prey selection: (1) use of a prey species was closely associated with its abundance (functional relationships), (2) the number of prey species included in bobcat diets increased as the abundance of principal prey species decreased (diet optimization), (3) the number of species included in bobcat diets and diet diversity increased as population density increased (interference) and (4) increases in the proportion of males resulted in increases in the use of large prey and decreases in the use of small prey Bobcats' use of marsh rabbits (Sylvilagus palustris) and cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) was positively correlated with each species' abundance as predicted by a hypothesis of functional relationships. The number of prey species in bobcat diets and diet diversity was negatively correlated with the abundance of marsh rabbits as predicted by a hypothesis of diet optimization. Changes in diet diversity in different regions of the island between years were not correlated with changes in bobcat density within each region, suggesting interference was not occuring at the bobcat densities observed irl our study. Changes in the use of Eastern grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) between years were negatively correlated with increases in the proportions of male bobcats ill different regions of the island. Our results suggest that diet optimization and functional responses are both useful models for describing bobcat-prey relationships. The diet optimization model had greater power to explain use of prey species that were not used in all seasons. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Baker, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS M887,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 25 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 145 IS 1 BP 80 EP 93 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2001)145[0080:PSBRBL]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397UE UT WOS:000166715100009 ER PT J AU Morin, G Juillot, F Ildefonse, P Calas, G Samama, JC Chevallier, P Brown, GE AF Morin, G Juillot, F Ildefonse, P Calas, G Samama, JC Chevallier, P Brown, GE TI Mineralogy of lead in a soil developed on a Pb-mineralized sandstone (Largentiere, France) SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MINE TAILINGS; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; CONTAMINATED SOILS; XAFS DETERMINATION; CRANDALLITE TYPE AB Lead speciation was determined in a soil developed on a geochemical anomaly arising from a Pb-Zn stratabound deposit in Largentiere (Ardeche, France). This geological setting offers the opportunity to determine the preferred form(s) of Pb following soil formation on this unique anomaly. In the soil profile studied, Pb concentrates in the B-horizon (2055 mg/kg Pb) relative to both the A- (1330 mg/kg Pb) and C- (1874 mg/kg Pb) horizons. Plumbogummite (PbAl3(PO4)(2)(OH)(5).H2O) is the main host of Pb in the soil profile. Pb also appears to be associated with Mn-(hydr)oxides, as shown by micro-analyses (EMPA, SEM-EDS, and mu -SXRF),in the form of inner-sphere Pb2+ complexes, as suggested by Ph L-HI-edge EXAFS spectroscopy. Linear least-squares fitting of background-subtracted, k(3)-weighted Pb L-III-edge EXAFS functions derived from balk soil samples was carried out using Ph L-III-EXAFS spectra of 22 Pb-containing model compounds. Quantitative assessment of Pb speciation revealed that, whereas plumbogummite is the most abundant Pb phase in the soil profile, Pb2+-Mn-(hydr)oxide surface complexes are gradually replaced by Pb2+-surface complexes with other phases, possibly Pb2+-organic complexes, upward in the soil profile. The presence of large amounts of Pb-phosphate in the Largentiere soil suggests that low solubility phosphates may be important long-term hosts of Pb in Pb-contaminated soils that have sufficiently high phosphorous activities to cause formation of these phases. C1 Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, UMR CNRS 7590, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75252 Paris, France. IPGP, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Ecole Natl Super Geol, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Nancy, France. Univ Paris 11, Lab Utilisat Rayonnement Electromagnet, F-91405 Orsay, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Morin, G (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Lab Mineral Cristallog, 4 Pl Jussieu,Case 115, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RI Calas, Georges/B-2445-2012; JUILLOT, Farid/G-7943-2016 OI Calas, Georges/0000-0003-0525-5734; NR 69 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 92 EP 104 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 391KT UT WOS:000166355700010 ER PT J AU Artioli, G Stahl, K Cruciani, G Gualtieri, A Hanson, JC AF Artioli, G Stahl, K Cruciani, G Gualtieri, A Hanson, JC TI In situ dehydration of yugawaralite SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; X-RAY AB The structural response of the natural zeolite yugawaralite (CaAl2Si6O16. 4H(2)O) upon thermally induced dehydration has been studied by Rietveld analysis of temperature-resolved powder diffraction data collected in situ in the temperature range 315-791 K using synchrotron radiation. The room-temperature monoclinic structure [Pc, a = 6.73200(9), b = 14.0157(2), c = 10.0607(1) Angstrom, beta = 111.189(1) degrees, Z = 2, at 315 K] has the Ca cations in the channels coordinated to four framework O atoms and to four water molecules, with two of the water sites (OW1 and OW4) showing positional disorder progressively disappearing as the dehydration proceeds. The yugawaralite structure reacts to the release of water molecules with small changes in the Ca-O bond distances and minor distortions of the tetrahedral framework up to about 695 K. Above this temperature the Ca coordination falls below 7 (four framework O atoms and three water molecules) and a major rearrangement in the cation coordination takes place, causing a first order phase transition involving both a large decrease in the cell volume and the change in the space group symmetry. A satisfactory structure model for the high-temperature phase stable in the range 695-791 K could not be obtained because of the complexity of the structure. A model approximately describing the average structure [Pn, a = 12.703(1), b = 13.067(1), c = 9.839(1) Angstrom, beta = 110.894(9), Z = 4, at 749 K] has been used to follow the temperature evolution of the cell parameters in the measured temperature range. This model involves a sixfold coordination of the Ca cations (five framework O atoms and one water molecule). There is no indication of significant structure changes before collapse, likely occurring when the last water molecule is expelled from the structure and the cation coordination drops below 6, as observed in other Ca-rich zeolites (i.e., laumontite, scolecite, mesolite). C1 Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-20133 Milan, Italy. CNR, Ctr Studio Geodinam Alpina & Quaternaria, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Danish Tech Univ, Dept Chem, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Univ Ferrara, Ist Mineral, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Modena, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Artioli, G (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Artioli, Gilberto/F-2149-2015; Gualtieri, Alessandro/L-9680-2015; OI Artioli, Gilberto/0000-0002-8693-7392; Gualtieri, Alessandro/0000-0002-4414-9603; Stahl, Kenny/0000-0002-4459-3026; Cruciani, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4269-697X NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 391KT UT WOS:000166355700021 ER PT B AU Lee, BD Walton, MR Meigio, JL AF Lee, BD Walton, MR Meigio, JL BE Magar, VS Fennell, DE Morse, JJ Alleman, BC Leeson, A TI Interaction of microbes and uranium during enrichment for TCE reductive dechlorination SO ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, IT Grp Inc, Parsons, Regenesis, USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, USN, Fac Engn Command ID BIOAUGMENTATION; FERRIHYDRITE; ADSORPTION AB Laboratory research was performed to understand the effect of anaerobic enrichments on the mobility of uranium in basaltic aquifers. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was used as a co-contaminant in the research. Interaction of uranium and hydrous iron oxide moieties on the mineral oxide surfaces was maximized by using iron oxide coated quartz from Oyster, VA. Results showed that adsorption and desorption of U(VI) to iron oxide coated sand appears to be affected by anaerobic enrichments and is culture dependent. Laboratory grown consortium enriched with or without sulfate caused the release of low concentrations of adsorbed uranium into the growth medium, followed by a steady decrease in the soluble fraction with a concomitant increase in particles filterable by a 0.2 mum filter. No chemical reduction of U(VI) was noted using the laboratory consortium. Bacteria from groundwater taken from the Test Area North (TAN) site at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) enriched with or without sulfate were able to chemically reduce the iron on the surface of the sand which may decrease the reactive surface area on mineral surfaces significantly affecting adsorption of uranium and subsequent mobility in the groundwater. Enrichments from the TAN groundwater demonstrated reduction of U(VI) to less reduced forms whether enriched with or without sulfate. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Lee, BD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-117-5 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 2001 VL 6 IS 7 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BU13A UT WOS:000175097900010 ER PT B AU Martin, JP Sorenson, KS Peterson, LN AF Martin, JP Sorenson, KS Peterson, LN BE Magar, VS Fennell, DE Morse, JJ Alleman, BC Leeson, A TI Favoring efficient in situ TCE dechlorination through amendment injection strategy SO ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, IT Grp Inc, Parsons, Regenesis, USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, USN, Fac Engn Command ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; HYDROGEN; CULTURE AB An enhanced in situ bioremediation field test has been ongoing at the Test Area North (TAN) Facility of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) since November 1998 to determine whether anaerobic reductive dechlorination (ARD) of a trichloroethene (TCE) source area could be enhanced through the addition of an electron donor (lactate). The results collected at TAN have led to five conclusions. (1) Propionate degradation in the absence of lactate fermentation supports a microbial population capable of more efficient TCE degradation. (2) Lactate injection strategy can be manipulated to create conditions that favor this population. (3) This strategy has successfully led to the complete dechlorination of TCE to a radius of 15-30 In around the injection well. (4) The area of active ARD does not encompass the entire residual source in the downgradient direction. (5) Additional lactate injection locations are required to achieve the necessary distribution of electron donor. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Martin, JP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-117-5 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 2001 VL 6 IS 7 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BU13A UT WOS:000175097900033 ER PT J AU Harnisch, JA Porter, MD AF Harnisch, JA Porter, MD TI Electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography: an electrochemical strategy for manipulating chromatographic retention SO ANALYST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the New Directions in Electroanalysis CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL SALFORD, ENGLAND ID POROUS GRAPHITIC CARBON; STATIONARY-PHASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEPARATIONS; POLYPYRROLE; SELECTIVITY; ELECTRODES; SURFACES; COLUMN; EMLC C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2001 VL 126 IS 11 BP 1841 EP 1849 DI 10.1039/b105249g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 492KK UT WOS:000172167400004 PM 11763053 ER PT J AU Stone, ML Gresham, GL Polson, LA AF Stone, ML Gresham, GL Polson, LA TI Characterization of two polyphosphazene materials as membranes in membrane introduction mass spectrometry (vol 407, pg 311, 2000) SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Correction C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Stone, ML (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 426 IS 1 BP 147 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)01159-4 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 389FA UT WOS:000166226900018 ER PT J AU Wang, J Dreessen, D Wiederin, DR Houk, RS AF Wang, J Dreessen, D Wiederin, DR Houk, RS TI Measurement of trace elements in proteins extracted from liver by size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with a magnetic sector mass spectrometer SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metalloproteins; ICP-MS; size exclusion; chromatography ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN SERUM; SPECIATION; METALLOTHIONEIN; KIDNEY; RESOLUTION; ALUMINUM; CADMIUM AB Proteins are extracted from liver into aqueous buffer at pH 7 and separated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with a magnetic sector mass spectrometer is used to identify those protein fractions that contain Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cd, S, P, Mo, Co, Ca, or Mg. The experimental setup provides very high sensitivity. Measurements at medium spectral resolution remove polyatomic interferences for some difficult elements like Fe, S, and P. Some elements are found in different molecular weight proteins; for example, cadmium binds to four different protein fractions (>400 kDa, 70 kDa, and metallothionein). Other elements like Mo, Ca, and Mg are present only in low-molecular-weight proteins or other small molecules. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Transgenom CETAC Technol Inc, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 288 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1006/abio.2000.4885 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 390ZC UT WOS:000166328800011 PM 11141310 ER PT J AU Alfonta, L Singh, AK Willner, I AF Alfonta, L Singh, AK Willner, I TI Liposomes labeled with biotin and horseradish peroxidase: A probe for the enhanced amplification of antigen-antibody or oligonucleotide-DNA sensing processes by the precipitation of an insoluble product on electrodes SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; QUARTZ CRYSTAL-MICROBALANCE; NUCLEIC-ACID PROBES; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; IMMUNOSENSORS; BIOSENSORS; RECOGNITION; CARBON; VESICLES AB Liposomes labeled with biotin and the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are used as a probe to amplify the sensing of antigen-antibody interactions or oligonucleotide-DNA binding. The HRP biocatalyzed oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol (1) in the presence of H2O2, and the precipitation of the insoluble;product 2 ion electrode supports, are used as an amplification route for the sensing processes. The anti-dinitrophenyl antibody (DNP-Ab) is sensed by a dinitrophenyl-L-cysteine antigen monolayer associated with an Au electrode. A biotinylated anti-IgG-antibody (Fc-specific) is linked to the antigen-DNP-Ab complex, and the biotin-labeled HRP-liposomes associate with the assembly through an avidin bridge. The biocatalyzed precipitation of 2 on the electrode increases the electron-transfer resistances at the electrode-solution interface or the electrode resistance itself. The binding events of the different proteins on the electrode and the biocatalyzed precipitation of 2 on the conductive support are followed by Faradaic impedance spectroscopy or constant-current chronopotentiometry, DNP-Ab concentrations as low as 1 x 10(-11) g.mL(-1) can be detected by this method. The labeled liposomes were also used for the amplified detection of DNA 3, The oligonucleotide 4, complementary to a part of the target DNA 3 that is a model nucleic acid sequence for the Tay-Sachs genetic disorder, is assembled on an Au electrode. Hybridization of the analyte 3 followed by the association of the biotin-tagged oligonucleotide 5 yields a three-component double-stranded assembly. Sensing of the analyte 3 is amplified by the,association of avidin, the labeled liposomes, and the subsequent biocatalyzed precipitation of 2 on the electrodes. The DNA 3 is detected with a sensitivity that corresponds to 6.5 x 10(-13) M. Faradaic impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometry were employed to follow the stepwise assembly of the systems and the electronic transduction of the detection of the analyte DNA 3. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Radiat Detect Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Willner, I (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RI Alfonta, Lital/B-6101-2012 OI Alfonta, Lital/0000-0002-3805-8625 NR 65 TC 194 Z9 206 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 1 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.1021/ac00819v PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 389WW UT WOS:000166262500022 PM 11195517 ER PT J AU Ni, J Zhong, CJ Coldiron, SJ Porter, MD AF Ni, J Zhong, CJ Coldiron, SJ Porter, MD TI Electrochemically actuated mercury pump for fluid flow and delivery SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; TECHNOLOGY; MICROCHIP; CHIPS AB This paper describes the development of a prototype pumping system with the potential for incorporation into miniaturized, fluid-based analytical instruments. The approach exploits the well-established electrocapillarity phenomena at a mercury/electrolyte interface as the mechanism for pump actuation. That is, electrochemically induced changes in the surface tension of mercury result in the pistonlike movement of a mercury column confined within a capillary. We present herein theoretical and experimental assessments of pump performance. The: design and construction of the pump are detailed, and the potential attributes of this design, including the generated pumping pressure, now rate, and power consumption, are discussed. The possible miniaturization of the pump for use as a field-deployable, fluid-delivery device is also briefly examined. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Zhong, Chuan-Jian/D-3394-2013 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1021/ac0007478 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 389WW UT WOS:000166262500023 PM 11195492 ER PT J AU Barber, TE Castro, J Hnatyshyn, S Ayala, NL Storey, JME Partridge, WP AF Barber, TE Castro, J Hnatyshyn, S Ayala, NL Storey, JME Partridge, WP TI Analysis of diesel engine exhaust by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE diesel exhaust; UV; photodiode array; sulfur dioxide; ammonia; nitric oxide ID GAS AB Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy was used for the analysis of exhaust from internal combustion engines. This technique employs a single pass absorption cell with a high speed photodiode array detector. Differential absorption was used to quantify analytes and to correct for changes in cell transmission. Sulfur dioxide, ammonia, and nitric oxide were detected with little interference from other species. The results obtained using this method compared very favorably with the results obtained using infrared absorption and chemiluminescence techniques. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barber, TE (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2001 VL 34 IS 14 BP 2493 EP 2506 DI 10.1081/AL-100107531 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 494ZJ UT WOS:000172315500009 ER PT J AU Matsuo, S Sakaguchi, N Obuchi, E Nakano, K Perera, RCC Watanabe, T Matsuo, T Wakita, H AF Matsuo, S Sakaguchi, N Obuchi, E Nakano, K Perera, RCC Watanabe, T Matsuo, T Wakita, H TI X-ray absorption spectral analyses by theoretical calculations for TiO2 and Ni-doped TiO2 thin films on glass plates SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TITANIA; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; TIO2(110); CATALYST; RUTILE; WATER; EDGE AB Ni L- and Ti L-edge as well as Ti K-edge X-ray absorption experiments for TiO2 thin films and Ni-doped TiO2 thin films coated on glass plates were performed using synchrotron radiation to investigate the structures around Ni and Ti ions in the films. The obtained spectra were compared with the results of theoretical calculations. It has consequently been found that the spectral features were affected by a change in the oxidizing form of Ni ions due to hydrogen reduction, by the charge variation and/or slight orbital splitting of Ti ions, and by the magnitude of the interaction between the center Ti ion and neighboring Ti ions. C1 Fukuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Fukuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem Engn, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. KOBELCO Res Inst Inc, Kobe, Hyogo 6512271, Japan. RP Matsuo, S (reprint author), Fukuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.2116/analsci.17.149 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 396ER UT WOS:000166623800027 PM 11993653 ER PT J AU Fuerstenau, SD Benner, WH Thomas, JJ Brugidou, C Bothner, B Siuzdak, G AF Fuerstenau, SD Benner, WH Thomas, JJ Brugidou, C Bothner, B Siuzdak, G TI Mass spectrometry of an intact virus SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY IONS; CHARGE; COMPLEXES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Ctr Mass Spectrometry, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Benner, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 70A-3363,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 542 EP 544 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 400XZ UT WOS:000166899100006 ER PT J AU Sessler, JL Seidel, D Vivian, AE Lynch, V Scott, BL Keogh, DW AF Sessler, JL Seidel, D Vivian, AE Lynch, V Scott, BL Keogh, DW TI Hexaphyrin(1.0.1.0.0.0): An expanded porphyrin ligand for the actinide cations uranyl (UO22+) and neptunyl (NpO2+) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION; INCLUSION COMPLEX; TRIVALENT URANIUM; CROWN-ETHERS; CHEMISTRY; EXAFS C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sessler, JL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Gorden, Anne/D-2477-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Gorden, Anne/0000-0001-6623-9880; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 39 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 591 EP 594 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20010202)40:3<591::AID-ANIE591>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 400XZ UT WOS:000166899100024 ER PT J AU He, C DuBois, JL Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Lippard, SJ AF He, C DuBois, JL Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Lippard, SJ TI A short copper-copper distance in a (mu-1,2-peroxo)dicopper(II) complex having a 1,8-naphthyridine unit as an additional bridge SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIOXYGEN; ACTIVATION; SUBSTRATE; ENZYMES; MODEL C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hedman, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 20 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1484 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20010417)40:8<1484::AID-ANIE1484>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 423UE UT WOS:000168195500024 ER PT J AU Li, X Zhang, HF Wang, LS Kuznetsov, AE Cannon, NA Boldyrev, AI AF Li, X Zhang, HF Wang, LS Kuznetsov, AE Cannon, NA Boldyrev, AI TI Experimental and theoretical observations of aromaticity in heterocyclic XAI(3)(-) (X = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) systems SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE aluminum; macrocycles; P-H activation; phosphanes ID COMBINED PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TETRACOORDINATE PLANAR CARBON; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; MES=2,4,6-ME(3)C(6)H(2) C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Kuznetsov, Aleksey/F-1345-2010; Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009 OI Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669 NR 16 TC 137 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1867 EP 1870 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20010518)40:10<1867::AID-ANIE1867>3.0.CO;2-W PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 435QH UT WOS:000168891800009 ER PT J AU Nitschke, JR Tilley, TD AF Nitschke, JR Tilley, TD TI Novel templating effect in the macrocyclization of functionalized diynes by zirconocene coupling SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES; EFFICIENT; ROUTE; BIPYRIDINE; STATE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nitschke, Jonathan/A-1664-2010 OI Nitschke, Jonathan/0000-0002-4060-5122 NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2142 EP 2145 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2142::AID-ANIE2142>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 440GT UT WOS:000169168100037 ER PT J AU Bitterwolf, TE Kline, DL Linehan, JC Yonker, CR Addleman, RS AF Bitterwolf, TE Kline, DL Linehan, JC Yonker, CR Addleman, RS TI Photochemical carbonylation of ethane under supercritical conditions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID C-H ACTIVATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; REACTION DYNAMICS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FLUID SOLUTION; RHCL(CO)(PME3)2; COMPLEXES; BENZENE C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bitterwolf, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 14 BP 2692 EP 2694 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20010716)40:14<2692::AID-ANIE2692>3.0.CO;2-P PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 454TR UT WOS:000169988300031 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV White, PS Carter, CA Meyer, TJ AF Huynh, MHV White, PS Carter, CA Meyer, TJ TI Formation and reactivity of the osmium(IV)-cyanoimido complex [Os-IV(bpy)(Cl)(3)(NCN)](-) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID OSMIUM HYDRAZIDO COMPLEXES; COUPLED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CYANAMIDE; OXIDATION C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Venable & Kenan Labs, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 16 BP 3037 EP 3039 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20010817)40:16<3037::AID-ANIE3037>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 465TK UT WOS:000170605900029 PM 12203641 ER PT J AU Duval, PB Burns, CJ Clark, DL Morris, DE Scott, BL Thompson, JD Werkema, EL Jia, L Andersen, RA AF Duval, PB Burns, CJ Clark, DL Morris, DE Scott, BL Thompson, JD Werkema, EL Jia, L Andersen, RA TI Synthesis and structural characterization of the first uranium cluster containing an isopolyoxometalate core SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, GT Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Burns, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J515, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; Morris, David/A-8577-2012; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 18 BP 3358 EP + PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 474FJ UT WOS:000171095400007 ER PT J AU Kuznetsov, AE Corbett, JD Wang, LS Boldyrev, AI AF Kuznetsov, AE Corbett, JD Wang, LS Boldyrev, AI TI Aromatic mercury clusters in ancient amalgams SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Kuznetsov, Aleksey/F-1345-2010; Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009 OI Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669 NR 14 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 18 BP 3369 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20010917)40:18<3369::AID-ANIE3369>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 474FJ UT WOS:000171095400011 ER PT J AU Schlaf, M Ghosh, P Fagan, PJ Hauptman, E Bullock, RM AF Schlaf, M Ghosh, P Fagan, PJ Hauptman, E Bullock, RM TI Metal-catalyzed selective deoxygenation of diols to alcohols SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE alcohols; deoxygenation; homogeneous catalysis; hydrido complexes; hydrogenation ID RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES; HYDROGENATION C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Dupont Co Inc, Dept Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Bullock, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bullock@bnl.gov RI Bullock, R. Morris/L-6802-2016 OI Bullock, R. Morris/0000-0001-6306-4851 NR 18 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 20 BP 3887 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20011015)40:20<3887::AID-ANIE3887>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 484PD UT WOS:000171698000033 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV White, PS John, KD Meyer, TJ AF Huynh, MHV White, PS John, KD Meyer, TJ TI Isolation and characterization of the osmium(V)-imido complex [Os-V(Tp)(Cl)(2)(NH)] SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE electrochemistry; N ligands; osmium; protonation; tripodal ligands ID LINEAR-IMIDO-COORDINATION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI John, Kevin/0000-0002-6181-9330 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 21 BP 4049 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20011105)40:21<4049::AID-ANIE4049>3.0.CO;2-W PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 491NN UT WOS:000172114900025 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Smyth, J Wetzler, M Mort, B Gong, PK Witham, LM Jameson, DL Geiger, DK Lasker, JM Charepoo, M Gornikiewicz, M Cintron, JM Imahori, G Sanchez, RR Marschilok, AC Krajkowski, LM Churchill, DG Churchill, MR Takeuchi, KJ AF Huynh, MHV Smyth, J Wetzler, M Mort, B Gong, PK Witham, LM Jameson, DL Geiger, DK Lasker, JM Charepoo, M Gornikiewicz, M Cintron, JM Imahori, G Sanchez, RR Marschilok, AC Krajkowski, LM Churchill, DG Churchill, MR Takeuchi, KJ TI Remarkable rate enhancement of ligand substitution promoted by geometrical arrangement of tridentate "spectator" ligands SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES; OXIDATION; RUTHENIUM(II); REACTIVITY; CHEMISTRY C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Div MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Gettysburg Coll, Dept Chem, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Chem, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Div MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Marschilok, Amy/D-1821-2014; OI Geiger, David/0000-0002-6168-8756 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 23 BP 4469 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20011203)40:23<4469::AID-ANIE4469>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500KP UT WOS:000172626600033 ER PT J AU Lee, CS Miller, GJ AF Lee, CS Miller, GJ TI Li10Mg6Zn31Al3: A new intermetallic phase containing building blocks for decagonal quasicrystals SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE electronic structure; intermetallic phases; quasicrystals; solid-state structures ID SOLIDS C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Miller, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 24 BP 4740 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20011217)40:24<4740::AID-ANIE4740>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 506JR UT WOS:000172967200045 ER PT J AU Zunger, A AF Zunger, A TI Quantum architecture of novel solids SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Quantum Theory Centenary CY DEC 11-15, 2000 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE crystal structures; Local Density Approximation; cluster expansion; structural selectivity ID COMPOSITION PHASE-DIAGRAMS; TRANSITION-METAL ALLOYS; SHORT-RANGE ORDER; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; LONG-RANGE; AG-AU AB The current status of our understanding of Quantum Mechanics is that if one specifies the chemical formula of a compound (e.g., CuAu, or GaAs, or NiPt) it is still impossible to predict if this material is a superconductor or not, but it is now possible to predict its crystal structure. This is a nontrivial accomplishment for there are as many as 2(N) possible structures for a binary compound. This article reviews this classic question of structural chemistry and condensed matter physics: How can one figure out which of the astronomic number of possible crystal structures is selected by Nature? C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 409HL UT WOS:000167378200008 ER PT S AU Ackley, SF Geiger, CA King, JC Hunke, EC Comiso, J AF Ackley, SF Geiger, CA King, JC Hunke, EC Comiso, J BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI The Ronne polynya of 1997/98: observations of air-ice-ocean interaction SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID BOTTOM WATER FORMATION; WEDDELL SEA AB The Ronne polynya formed in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, during the period November 1997-February 1998 to an extent not seen previously in the 25 years of all-weather satellite observations. The vessel HMS Endurance traversed the polynya region and took sea-ice, physical oceanographic and meteorological measurements during January and early February 1998. These observations, together with satellite imagery and weather records, were analyzed to determine the causes of the anomalous condition observed and to provide comparisons for numerical modeling experiments. The polynya area, analyzed from satellite imagery, showed a linear, nearly constant, increase with time from mid-November 1997 through February 1998. It had a maximum open-water area of 3 X 10(5) km(2) and extended 500 km north of the Ronne Ice Shelf (at 76degrees S) to 70degrees S. The ice and snow structure of floes at (lie northern edge of the polynya showed the ice there had formed in the previous mid- to late winter October 1997 or earlier) and had been advected there either from the eastern Weddell Sea or from the front of the Ronne Ice Shelf. Analyses of the wind fields showed anomalous spring -summer wind fields in the polynya year, with a strong southerly to southwesterly component compared to the mean easterly winds typical of summer conditions. These southerly wind conditions, ill both magnitude and direction, therefore account for the drift of ice northward. The predominant summer easterly winds usually fill the southern Weddell Sea with ice from the east, and the high-albedo surfaces reflect (lie solar radiation, preventing warming of the surface ocean waters and consequent sea-ice melt. Instead, high incident solar radiation From November 1997 to February 1998 was absorbed by (lie open water, rather than being reflected, thereby both melting ice and preventing ice formation, and thereby sustaining the polynya. We conclude that open-water-albedo feedback is necessary to allow the observed polynya formation, since similar drift conditions prevail in winter (arising from southerly winds also) and usually, result in extensive new ice formation in front of the Ronne Ice Shelf. The strong southerly winds therefore have quite opposing seasonal effects, leading to high ice production ill winter as usually found, and extensive open water if they occur in spring and Summer, as seen in this atypical event in 1997/98. In this case, the atypical southerly winds may be associated with all El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) -induced atmospheric circulation pattern. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Ctr Climat Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ackley, SF (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.3189/172756401781818725 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300067 ER PT J AU Naberejnev, DG AF Naberejnev, DG TI A model that takes into account the influence of chemical binding on neutron scattering in a resonance SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB The static model is widely in use in nuclear data processing codes, like NJOY, to describe neutron scattering in the resonance domain. With this model the influence of chemical binding on the transfer cross section is not taken into account since the nucleus is considered to be isolated and at rest in the laboratory system. Consequently, no gain of energy by the neutron is allowed. Further, the application of the free gas model to the resonant scattering of neutrons shows that the upscattering probability is strongly dependent on the incident neutron energy. If the latter is smaller than the resonance energy then the free gas model may predict an enormous chance for the neutron to gain energy after collision. The situation is opposite if the incident neutron energy is greater than the resonance energy. Neither static nor free gas model is adequate to describe the resonant scattering of neutrons in a solid state environment. This fact can induce non-negligible errors in reactor calculations and, in particular, in the estimation of Doppler coefficient. In the present paper I propose the study of the neutron resonant scattering in the harmonic crystal framework. The general description of the neutron scattering in crystals allows an approximation. This approximation enables one to take into account the influence of chemical binding on the transfer cross-section for heavy isotopes in the resonance domain and estimate the probabilities of up and down-scattering in the quantum mechanics framework. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CENS, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Naberejnev, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD JAN PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(00)00025-6 PG 24 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 362RW UT WOS:000089792900001 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Ferris, MC Linderoth, J AF Chen, Q Ferris, MC Linderoth, J TI FATCOP 2.0: Advanced features in an opportunistic mixed integer programming solver SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Optimization and Numerical Algebra CY SEP 27-30, 1999 CL NANJING NORMAL UNIV, NANJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Math Soc, Chinese Computat Mah Soc, Chinese Soc Math Programming, Inst Computat Math & Sci/Engn Comp, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Nanjing Univ Aeronatu & Asrtonaut HO NANJING NORMAL UNIV DE integer programming; Condor; PVM; parallel programming AB We describe FATCOP 2.0, a new parallel mixed integer program solver:that works in an opportunistic computing environment provided by the Condor resource management system. We outline changes to the search strategy of FATCOP 1.0 that are necessary to improve resource utilization, together with new techniques to exploit heterogeneous resources. We detail several advanced features in the code that are necessary for successful solution of a variety of mixed integer test problems, along with the different usage schemes that are pertinent to our particular computing environment. Computational results demonstrating the effects of the changes are provided and used to generate effective default strategies for the FATCOP solver. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Comp Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oracle Corp, Portland Dev Ctr, Portland, OR 97204 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ferris, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Comp Sci, 1210 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Linderoth, Jeffrey/B-4995-2013 OI Linderoth, Jeffrey/0000-0003-4442-3059 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PY 2001 VL 103 BP 17 EP 32 DI 10.1023/A:1012982400848 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 507TN UT WOS:000173045500002 ER PT S AU Bierbaum, RL Brown, TD Kerschen, TJ AF Bierbaum, RL Brown, TD Kerschen, TJ GP IEEE TI Model-based reliability analysis SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainaability Symposium CY JAN 22-25, 2001 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP IEEE, SAE, IIE, SLE, EST, Soc Reliability Engineers DE CAD/CAE/CAM/CIM; design margin; electrical modeling; life prediction; modeling; SPICE; weapon system AB Modeling, in conjunction with testing, is a rich source of insight. Model parameters are easily controlled and monitoring can be done unobtrusively. The ability to inject faults without otherwise affecting performance is particularly critical, Many iterations can be done quickly with a model while varying parameters and conditions based on a small number of validation tests. The objective of Model-Based Reliability Analysis (MBRA) is to identify ways to capitalize on the insights gained from modeling to make both qualitative and quantitative statements about product reliability. MBRA will be developed and exercised in the realm of weapon system development and maintenance, where the challenges of severe environmental requirements, limited production quantities, and use of one-shot devices can make testing prohibitively expensive. However, the general principles will also be applicable to other product types. There are many anticipated benefits from MBRA, especially in the context of weapon systems: Development time and required test assets will be reduced. In addition, there will be fewer design iterations necessary. Fewer modifications in the production processes will be needed, leading to a more homogeneous product. Furthermore, MBRA can be used to evaluate the impact of production and part changes if they do become necessary. Typically it has been challenging in the past to determine the generalized impact of an observed anomaly (i.e., how the anomalous behavior may manifest itself under different - but still valid - conditions). Often specific conditions cannot be varied in a controlled fashion in a testing situation. Use of a modeling framework permits one to inject hypothesized behaviors under different conditions and observe the consequences. This enables the effective leveraging of (often limited) test results that provide the initial foundation for model development. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bierbaum, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS9202, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-6615-8 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2001 BP 326 EP 332 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2001.902488 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR83F UT WOS:000167729400056 ER PT J AU Rao, CV Arkin, AP AF Rao, CV Arkin, AP TI Control motifs for intracellular regulatory networks SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE genetic circuits; biochemical reaction networks; genetic regulation; signal transduction; biological control ID AUTOREGULATORY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; BIOCHEMICAL REACTION NETWORKS; CELL-CYCLE CONTROL; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; MOLECULAR-MODEL AB A number of technological innovations are yielding unprecedented data on the networks of biochemical, genetic, and biophysical reactions that underlie cellular behavior and failure. These networks are composed of hundreds to thousands of chemical species and structures, interacting via nonlinear and possibly stochastic physical processes. A central goal of modem biology is to optimally use the data on these networks to understand how their design leads to the observed cellular behaviors and failures. Ultimately, this knowledge should enable cellular engineers to redesign cellular processes to meet industrial needs (such as optimal natural product synthesis), aid in choosing the most effective targets for pharmaceuticals, and tailor treatment for individual genotypes. The size and complexity of these networks and the inevitable lack of complete data, however, makes reaching these goals extremely difficult. If it proves possible to modularize these networks into functional subnetworks, then these smaller networks may be amenable to direct analysis and might serve as regulatory motifs. These motifs, recurring elements of control, may help to deduce the structure and function of partially known networks and form the basis for fulfilling the goals described above. A number of approaches to identifying and analyzing control motifs in intracellular networks are reviewed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley Phys Biosci Div,Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rao, CV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 161 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 6 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1523-9829 J9 ANNU REV BIOMED ENG JI Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. PY 2001 VL 3 BP 391 EP 419 DI 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.3.1.391 PG 29 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 468UA UT WOS:000170775500016 PM 11447069 ER PT J AU Brunger, AT AF Brunger, AT TI Structure of proteins involved in synaptic vesicle fusion in neurons SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Review DE exocytosis; vesicle fusion; neurotransmission; coiled coils; chaperone ID N-TERMINAL DOMAIN; SEA-URCHIN EGG; SNARE COMPLEX; MEMBRANE-FUSION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; T-SNARE; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; KINETIC COMPONENTS AB The fusion of vesicles with target membranes is controlled by a complex network of protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. Structures of the SNARE complex, synaptotagmin III, nSec 1, domains of the NSF chaperone and its adaptor SNAP, and Rab3 and some of its effecters provide the framework for developing molecular models of vesicle fusion and for designing experiments to test these models. C1 Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Brunger, AT (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 104 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-8700 J9 ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomolec. Struct. PY 2001 VL 30 BP 157 EP 171 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.30.1.157 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 446UB UT WOS:000169531600008 PM 11340056 ER PT J AU Nogales, E AF Nogales, E TI Structural insights into microtubule function SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Review DE tubulin; dynamic instability; antimitotic drugs; microtubule-associated proteins ID BACTERIAL-CELL-DIVISION; BETA-TUBULIN ISOTYPES; COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASE-2; GTP-BINDING-PROTEIN; GAMMA-TUBULIN; ALPHA-TUBULIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; DYNAMIC INSTABILITY; COLCHICINE-BINDING AB Microtubules are polymers that are essential for, among other functions, cell transport and cell division in all eukaryotes. The regulation of the microtubule system includes transcription of different tubulin isotypes, folding of alpha/beta -tubulin heterodimers, post-translation modification of tubulin, and nucleotide-based microtubule dynamics, as well as interaction with numerous microtubule-associated proteins that are themselves regulated. The result is the precise temporal and spatial pattern of microtubules that is observed throughout the cell cycle. The recent high-resolution analysis of the structure of tubulin and the microtubule has brought new insight to the study of microtubule function and regulation, as well as the mode of action of antimitotic drugs that disrupt normal microtubule behavior. The combination of structural, genetic, biochemical, and biophysical data should soon give us a fuller understanding of the exquisite details in the regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nogales, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 146 TC 195 Z9 202 U1 8 U2 26 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-8700 J9 ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomolec. Struct. PY 2001 VL 30 BP 397 EP 420 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.30.1.397 PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 446UB UT WOS:000169531600017 PM 11441808 ER PT J AU Saxon, E Bertozzi, CR AF Saxon, E Bertozzi, CR TI Chemical and biological strategies for engineering cell surface glycosylation SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE glycobiology; glycoprotein; glycolipid; glycosyltransferase inhibitor; unnatural carbohydrate ID ASPARAGINE-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; ACYL SIDE-CHAIN; BLOOD-GROUP-A; SIALIC-ACID; P-SELECTIN; OLIGOSACCHARYL TRANSFERASE; FUCOSYL-TRANSFERASE; ENZYMATIC TRANSFER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INFLUENZA-VIRUS AB Oligosaccharides play a crucial role in many of the recognition, signaling, and adhesion events that take place at the surface of cells. Abnormalities in the synthesis or presentation of these carbohydrates can lead to misfolded and inactive proteins, as well as to several debilitating disease states. However, their diverse structures, which are the key to their function, have hampered studies by biologists and chemists alike. This review presents an overview of techniques for examining and manipulating cell surface oligosaccharides through genetic, enzymatic, and chemical strategies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saxon, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM58867-01] NR 91 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 20 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1081-0706 J9 ANNU REV CELL DEV BI JI Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. PY 2001 VL 17 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.17.1.1 PG 27 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 497HF UT WOS:000172448800001 PM 11687482 ER PT J AU Durham, WB Stern, LA AF Durham, WB Stern, LA TI Rheological properties of water ice - Applications to satellites of the outer planets SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE high-pressure phases; grain-size-sensitive creep; deformation mechanisms; brittle-to-ductile transition; Europa ID RECRYSTALLIZED GRAIN-SIZE; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; GALILEAN SATELLITES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MANTLE CONVECTION; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; CRYSTAL SIZE; STATE FLOW; AGE ICE AB The icy moons of the outer solar system have not been quiescent bodies, in part because many have a substantial water component and have experienced significant internal heating. We can begin to understand the thermal evolution of the moons and the rate of viscous relaxation of surface topography because we now have good constraints on how ice (in several of its polymorphic forms) flows under deviatoric stress at planetary conditions. Details of laboratory-derived flow laws for pure, polycrystalline ice are reviewed in detail. One of the more important questions at hand is the role of ice grain size. Grain size may be a dynamic quantity within the icy moons, and it may (or may not) significantly affect theology. One recent beneficiary of revelations about grain-size-sensitive flow is the calculation of the theological structure of Europa's outer ice shell, which may be no thicker than 20 km. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Durham, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 124 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2001 VL 29 BP 295 EP 330 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.29.1.295 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 434JF UT WOS:000168810800011 ER PT J AU Schipper, L Unander, F Murtishaw, S Ting, M AF Schipper, L Unander, F Murtishaw, S Ting, M TI Indicators of energy use and carbon emissions: Explaining the energy economy link SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE energy efficiency; energy decomposition; international comparisons; carbon emissions from energy use ID OECD COUNTRIES; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE; INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES; INDEX DECOMPOSITION; EFFICIENCY; INTENSITY; TRENDS; SECTOR AB This article reviews energy indicators, which are developed to describe the links between energy use and human activity in a disaggregated manner. After briefly reviewing a number of early and current efforts to develop indicators, we discuss the basic concepts of various indicators and the methodologies used to derive them. We also review the use of decomposition methods to aid in the analysis of trends in energy use and comparisons of uses between countries. Findings from our comparative and time-series analyses of several industrialized countries illustrate the application of these methods. Using simplified methods for estimating the carbon released in direct combustion of fossil fuels, and in electricity and heat production, energy indicators can be extended to carbon emissions. These carbon indicators can play an important role in aiding negotiations over carbon reduction targets and evaluating progress toward meeting abatement goals. C1 Int Energy Agcy, Off Energy Efficiency Technol & R&D, F-75739 Paris 15, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schipper, L (reprint author), Int Energy Agcy, Off Energy Efficiency Technol & R&D, F-75739 Paris 15, France. NR 68 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 12 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 2001 VL 26 BP 49 EP 81 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.49 PG 37 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 499BV UT WOS:000172551900003 ER PT J AU Worrell, E Price, L Ruth, M AF Worrell, E Price, L Ruth, M TI Policy modeling for energy efficiency improvement in US industry SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE energy policy modeling; policy impact; industrial energy use ID EMISSIONS AB We are just beginning to evaluate and model the contributions policies make toward improving energy efficiency. In this article, three recent studies are reviewed. They represent an important step in the analyses of climate-change mitigation strategies. All studies model estimated policy impacts rather than the policies themselves. Often the policy impacts are based on assumptions, as the effects of a policy are not certain. Most models incorporate only economic (or price) tools, which, for estimating impacts, costs, and benefits of mitigation strategies, recent studies have proven are insufficient. The studies reviewed are a first effort to capture the effects of nonprice policies. They contribute to a better understanding of the role of policies in improving energy efficiency and mitigating climate change. All policy scenarios result in substantial energy savings compared with the baseline scenario used: they also result in substantial net benefits to the US economy. Because the industrial sector is the most diverse and, arguably, the most challenging energy-demand sector to model, studying policies for them is no easy task. The challenges, which are many, fall into two categories: appropriate level of detail (i.e., sector, technology, and policy) and representations of decision making. A better understanding of decision-making behavior, technology choice, and policy impact and effectiveness is needed to improve our understanding of the potential effectiveness of future energy efficiency policies as well as to improve policy modeling. With these developments, the current and next-generation policy models and studies have the potential to become richer representations of the industrial sector. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Worrell, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 2001 VL 26 BP 117 EP 143 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.117 PG 27 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 499BV UT WOS:000172551900005 ER PT J AU Worrell, E Price, L Martin, N Hendriks, C Meida, LO AF Worrell, E Price, L Martin, N Hendriks, C Meida, LO TI Carbon dioxide emissions from the global cement industry SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE calcination; climate change; clinker; energy AB The cement industry contributes about 5% to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, making the cement industry an important sector for CO2-emission mitigation strategies. CO2 is emitted from the calcination process of limestone, from combustion of fuels in the kiln, as well as from power generation. In this paper, we review the total CO2 emissions from cement making, including process and energy-related emissions. Currently, most available data only includes the process emissions. We also discuss CO2 emission mitigation options for the cement industry. Estimated total carbon emissions from cement production in 1994 were 307 million metric tons of carbon (MtC), 160 MtC from process carbon emissions, and 147 MtC from energy use. Overall, the top 10 cement-producing countries in 1994 accounted for 63% of global carbon emissions from cement production. The average intensity of carbon dioxide emissions from total global cement production is 222 kg of CA of cement. Emission mitigation options include energy efficiency improvement, new processes, a shift to low carbon fuels, application of waste fuels, increased use of additives in cement making, and, eventually, alternative cements and CO2 removal from flue gases in clinker kilns. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecofys, NL-3503 RK Utrecht, Netherlands. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Ingn, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Worrell, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 60 TC 298 Z9 308 U1 8 U2 101 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 2001 VL 26 BP 303 EP 329 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.303 PG 27 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 499BV UT WOS:000172551900011 ER PT J AU Holdren, JP Baldwin, SF AF Holdren, JP Baldwin, SF TI The PCAST energy studies: Toward a national consensus on energy research, development, demonstration, and deployment policy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE energy efficiency; fossil energy; nuclear energy; renewable energy; fusion ID FUSION; PLAN AB During the period 1995-1999, the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) produced three major energy studies, at President Clinton's request. The panels that conducted these studies were broadly constituted from the academic, industrial, and NGO (nongovernmental organization) sectors, and their recommendations were unanimous. These efforts (a) helped lay the foundation for several major energy initiatives of the second Clinton term, including the Climate Change Technology Initiative, the Nuclear Energy Research Initiative, and the International Clean Energy Initiative; (b) helped launch energy R&D activities on methane hydrates and geological sequestration of carbon dioxide; and (c) strengthened related activities, such as the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, the Partnership for Advancing Technologies in Housing, the fossil power Vision-21 Program, and the National Bioenergy Initiative. Federal budgets for research, development, demonstration, and deployment of advanced energy technologies have increased substantially over the past four years, but they still fall short of PCAST's recommendations; and a number of the PCAST recommendations on matters other than budget have yet to be fully implemented. The PCAST energy studies demonstrate the possibility of forging consensus around key energy issues and provide a foundation on which, it is hoped, the continuing pursuit of a coherent national policy on energy innovation will be able to build. C1 Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Holdren, JP (reprint author), Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 2001 VL 26 BP 391 EP 434 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.391 PG 44 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 499BV UT WOS:000172551900014 ER PT J AU Martin, PH Nabuurs, GJ Aubinet, M Karjalainen, T Vine, EL Kinsman, J Heath, LS AF Martin, PH Nabuurs, GJ Aubinet, M Karjalainen, T Vine, EL Kinsman, J Heath, LS TI Carbon sinks in temperate forests SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE carbon dioxide; climate; climate change; emissions; greenhouse gas; Kyoto protocol; negotiation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EUROPEAN FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; WOOD PRODUCTS; CYCLE; ECOSYSTEMS; DIOXIDE; MODEL; VEGETATION AB In addition to being scientifically exciting, commercially important, and environmentally essential, temperate forests have also become a key diplomatic item in international climate negotiations as potential sinks for carbon. This review presents the methods used to estimate carbon sequestration, identifies the constraints and opportunities for carbon sequestration in temperate forests, addresses the issues raised by the monitoring of carbon sequestration, and analyzes uncertainties pertaining to the sequestration of carbon by temperate forests. This review serves a dual purpose: It aims at informing policy makers about carbon sequestration in temperate forests and at making forest ecologists, biogeochemists, and atmospheric scientists aware of the structure of an international agreement to reduce CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions and some of the real, still answered scientific questions that it poses. C1 Commiss European Communities, Res Directorate Gen, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, ALTERRA, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Fac Univ Sci Agron, Unit Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. European Forest Inst, Joensuu, Finland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Edison Elect Inst, Washington, DC USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Martin, PH (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Res Directorate Gen, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. NR 86 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 2001 VL 26 BP 435 EP 465 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.435 PG 31 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 499BV UT WOS:000172551900015 ER PT J AU Tieszen, SR AF Tieszen, SR TI On the fluid mechanics of fires SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Review DE boundary layers; plumes; buoyancy; turbulence; nonpremixed combustion ID TURBULENT-DIFFUSION FLAMES; FINITE-RATE CHEMISTRY; HELIUM-AIR MIXTURES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; POOL FIRE; BUOYANT PLUMES; RADIATIVE TRANSPORT; SOOT FORMATION; THERMAL PLUME; DRIVEN FLOWS AB Fluid mechanics research related to fire is reviewed with a focus on canonical flows, multiphysics coupling aspects, and experimental and numerical techniques. Fire is a low-speed, chemically reacting flow in which buoyancy plays an important role. Fire research has focused on two canonical flows, the reacting boundary layer and the reacting free plume. There is rich, multilateral, bidirectional coupling among fluid mechanics and scalar transport, combustion, and radiation. There is only a limited experimental fluid mechanics database for fire owing to measurement difficulties in the harsh environment and to the focus within the fire community on thermal/chemical consequences. Increasingly, computational fluid dynamics techniques are being used to provide engineering guidance on thermal/chemical consequences and to study fire phenomenology. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, React Proc Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tieszen, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, React Proc Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 170 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 17 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4189 J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. PY 2001 VL 33 BP 67 EP 92 DI 10.1146/annurev.fluid.33.1.67 PG 26 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 414RM UT WOS:000167680000003 ER PT J AU Monteiro, OR AF Monteiro, OR TI Thin film synthesis by energetic condensation SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE physical vapor deposition; ion beam-assisted deposition; energetic condensation; diamond-like carbon films ID DIAMOND-LIKE-CARBON; CATHODIC-ARC DEPOSITION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; TETRAHEDRAL AMORPHOUS-CARBON; METAL PLASMA IMMERSION; STRUCTURE ZONE MODEL; VACUUM-ARC; SUBPLANTATION MODEL; THERMAL-STABILITY; ION ENERGY AB The use of energetic particles (ions and atoms) has become increasingly important in physical vapor deposition techniques. These deposition processes can be divided in two main classes: ion beam-assisted deposition and energetic condensation (or deposition). This review focuses on the latter, i.e. processes in which the actual depositing species have energies that far exceed ordinary thermal energies, namely energies greater than 20 eV. The phenomenology of the effect of these high-energy particles on the growth of thin films is first broadly presented, and then specific examples of film deposition are given. The examples drawn here are of films that have been prepared by metal plasma immersion implantation and deposition. The observed microstructures and functional properties of these films are discussed in terms of processing conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Monteiro, OR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 89 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 15 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANN REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2001 VL 31 BP 111 EP 137 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.111 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 486FX UT WOS:000171808700006 ER PT J AU Wiederrecht, GP AF Wiederrecht, GP TI Photorefractive liquid crystals SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE liquid crystal composites; photo-induced charge separation; gratings; holography; optical materials ID HOLOGRAPHIC GRATING FORMATION; HIGH-MOLAR-MASS; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; OPTICAL-PHASE CONJUGATION; RADICAL-ION PAIRS; MESOGENIC COMPOSITES; ACCEPTOR MOLECULES; RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS; CHARGE SEPARATION AB A review of the field of photorefractive liquid crystals is presented. The first reports of photorefractive liquid crystals occurred in 1994, and the performance of these materials has dramatically improved since that time. Liquid crystalline materials have proven to be highly versatile, showing photorefractive character under a wide range of conditions. For example, new composites based on high-molar-mass liquid crystals are now capable of forming volume (Bragg) gratings with high photorefractive gain coefficients of > 600 cm(-1). Formation times for photorefractive Bragg gratings of 15 ms with applied fields of only 0.1 V/mum have been reported. Low-molar-mass liquid crystals continue to be developed and show their largest photorefractive character in the thin (Raman-Nath) grating regime. Composites of nonmesogenic polymers and liquid crystals are also discussed. The experiments and theoretical work that have been used to characterize these materials are reviewed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wiederrecht, GP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 98 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 12 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANN REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2001 VL 31 BP 139 EP 169 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.139 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 486FX UT WOS:000171808700007 ER PT J AU Fried, LE Manaa, MR Pagoria, PF Simpson, RL AF Fried, LE Manaa, MR Pagoria, PF Simpson, RL TI Design and synthesis of energetic materials SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE high explosive; heterocycles; high-energy density material; property prediction ID VICARIOUS NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; POSSIBLE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; DETONATION PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DINITRAMIDE SALTS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; NITRO-DERIVATIVES; NEAT NITROMETHANE; DENSITY MATERIALS AB Energetic materials are chemical compounds or mixtures that store significant quantities of energy. In this review, we explore recent approaches to property prediction and new material synthesis. We show how the successful design of new energetic materials with tailored properties is becoming a practical reality. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fried, LE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 159 TC 232 Z9 243 U1 8 U2 62 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANN REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2001 VL 31 BP 291 EP 321 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.291 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 486FX UT WOS:000171808700013 ER PT J AU Pieper, SC Wiringa, RB AF Pieper, SC Wiringa, RB TI Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of light nuclei SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE nuclear many-body theory; structure; reactions; potentials ID TRITON GROUND-STATE; FEW-BODY NUCLEI; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; ALPHA-PARTICLE; ENERGY-LEVELS; PRECISION CALCULATION; POTENTIAL MODELS; CROSS-SECTION; NEUTRON DROPS; FORM-FACTORS AB Accurate quantum Monte Carlo calculations of ground states and low-lying excited states of light p-shell nuclei are now possible for realistic nuclear Hamiltonians that fit nucleon-nucleon scattering data. Results for more than 30 different (J(pi); T) states, plus isobaric analogs, in A less than or equal to 8 nuclei have been obtained with an excellent reproduction of the experimental energy spectrum, These microscopic calculations show that nuclear structure, including both single-particle and clustering aspects, can be explained starting from elementary two- and three-nucleon interactions. Various density and momentum distributions, electromagnetic form factors, and spectroscopic factors have also been computed, as well as electroweak capture reactions of astrophysical interest. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM spieper@anl.gov; wiringa@anl.gov RI Wiringa, Robert/M-4970-2015 NR 93 TC 527 Z9 532 U1 4 U2 21 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2001 VL 51 BP 53 EP 90 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.51.101701.132506 PG 42 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 507CX UT WOS:000173010300006 ER PT J AU Smith, MS Rehm, KE AF Smith, MS Rehm, KE TI Nuclear astrophysics measurements with radioactive beams SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE nucleosynthesis; radioactive ion beams; laboratory techniques; experimental facilities ID BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; HOT CNO CYCLE; RADIATIVE-CAPTURE REACTIONS; DEGENERATE NEUTRON CORES; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTION; RAPID-PROTON-CAPTURE; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; GIANT BRANCH STARS; COULOMB BREAK-UP AB Radioactive nuclei play an important role in a diverse range of astrophysical phenomena including the early universe, the sun, red giant stars, nova explosions, X-ray bursts, supernova explosions, and supermassive stars. Measurements of reactions with beams of short-lived radioactive nuclei can, for the first time, probe the nuclear reactions occurring in these cosmic phenomena. This article describes the astrophysical motivation for experiments with radioactive beams, the techniques to produce these beams and perform astrophysically relevant measurements, results from recent experiments, and plans for future facilities. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM msmith@mail.phy.ornl.gov; rehm@anlphy.phy.anl.gov NR 227 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2001 VL 51 BP 91 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.51.101701.132430 PG 41 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 507CX UT WOS:000173010300007 ER PT J AU Rowson, PC Su, D Willocq, S AF Rowson, PC Su, D Willocq, S TI Highlights of the SLD physics program at the SLAC linear collider SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE standard model; electroweak; polarization; heavy flavor; CP violation ID TOP-QUARK MASS; CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY; ART. NO. 052001; ENERGY-ENERGY CORRELATIONS; HADRONIC Z(0) DECAYS; Z-BOSON PRODUCTION; B-QUARK; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; STANDARD MODEL; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION AB Starting in 1989, and continuing through the 1990s, high-energy physics witnessed a flowering of precision measurements in general and tests of the standard model in particular, led by e(+)e(-) collider experiments operating at the Z(0) resonance. Key contributions to this work came from the SLD collaboration at the SLAC Linear Collider. By exploiting the unique capabilities of this pioneering accelerator and the SLD detector, including a polarized electron beam, exceptionally small beam dimensions, and a CCD pixel vertex detector, SLD produced a broad array of electroweak, heavy-flavor, and QCD measurements. Many of these results are one of a kind or represent the world's standard in precision. This article reviews the highlights of the SLD physics program, with an eye toward associated advances in experimental technique, and the contribution of these measurements to our dramatically improved present understanding of the standard model and its possible extensions. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Rowson, PC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 151 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2001 VL 51 BP 345 EP 412 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.51.101701.132413 PG 72 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 507CX UT WOS:000173010300014 ER PT J AU Leemann, CW Douglas, DR Krafft, GA AF Leemann, CW Douglas, DR Krafft, GA TI The continuous electron beam accelerator facility: CEBAF at the Jefferson laboratory SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE superconducting radiofrequency; polarization; recirculating accelerator; energy spread; high average current ID LASER; FEL; PERFORMANCE; CRYOMODULE; LINAC AB The Jefferson Laboratory's superconducting radiofrequency (srf) Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) provides multi-GeV continuous-wave (cw) beams for experiments at tire nuclear and particle physics interface. CEBAF comprises two antiparallel linacs linked by nine recirculation beam lines for up to five passes. By the early 1990s, accelerator installation was proceeding in parallel with commissioning. By the mid-1990s, CEBAF was providing simultaneous beams at different but correlated energies up to 4 GeV to three experimental halls. By 2000, with srf development having raised the average cavity gradient to 7.5 MV/m, energies up to nearly 6 GeV were routine, at 1-150 muA for two halls and 1-100 nA for the other. Also routine are beams of > 75% polarization. Physics results have led to new questions about the quark structure of nuclei, and therefore to user demand for a planned 12 GeV upgrade. CEBAF's enabling srf technology is also being applied in other projects. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM Leemann@JLab.org; Douglas@JLab.org; Krafft@JLab.org NR 127 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2001 VL 51 BP 413 EP 450 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.51.101701.132327 PG 38 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 507CX UT WOS:000173010300015 ER PT J AU Krauss, RM AF Krauss, RM TI Dietary and genetic effects on low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE LDL; genetics; diet; subclasses; coronary disease ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; LDL PARTICLE-SIZE; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATION; COMPLEX SEGREGATION ANALYSIS; INDUCED WEIGHT-LOSS; LOW-FAT DIET; SUBCLASS PATTERNS; HEPATIC LIPASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B AB We have tested whether differences in distribution and dietary responsiveness of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses contribute to the variability in the magnitude of LDL-cholesterol reduction induced by diets low in total and saturated fat and high in carbohydrate. Our studies have focused on a common, genetically influenced metabolic profile, characterized by a predominance of small, dense LDL particles (subclass pattern B), that is associated with a two- to threefold increase in risk for coronary artery disease. We have found that healthy normolipidemic individuals with this trait show a greater reduction in LDL cholesterol and particle number in response to low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets than do unaffected individuals (subclass pattern A). Moreover, such diets result in reduced LDL particle size, with induction of pattern B in a substantial proportion of pattern A men. Recent studies have indicated that this response is under genetic influence. Future identification of the specific genes involved may lead to improved targeting of dietary therapies aimed at reducing cardiovascular disease risk. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol Med, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krauss, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol Med, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 18574] NR 70 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0199-9885 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 2001 VL 21 BP 283 EP 295 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.283 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 463CN UT WOS:000170459400012 PM 11375438 ER PT J AU Taatjes, CA Hershberger, JF AF Taatjes, CA Hershberger, JF TI Recent progress in infrared absorption techniques for elementary gas-phase reaction kinetics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE branching fraction; vibrational energy distribution; kinetic isotope effect; linestrengths; photolysis ID PRODUCT BRANCHING RATIOS; CAVITY-RING-DOWN; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; RADICAL-RADICAL REACTION; TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; WAVELENGTH MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; VIBRATIONAL LEVEL DISTRIBUTION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; QUANTUM-CASCADE LASERS AB Sensitive and precise measurements of rate coefficients, branching fractions, and energy disposal from gas-phase radical reactions provide information about the mechanism of elementary reactions as well as furnish modelers of complicated chemical systems with rate data. This chapter describes the use of time-resolved infrared laser absorption as a tool for investigating gas-phase radical reactions, emphasizing the exploitation of the particular advantages of the technique. The reaction of Cl atoms with HD illustrates the complementarity of thermal kinetic measurements with molecular beam data. Measurements of second-order reactions, such as the self-reactions of SiH3 and C3H3 radicals, and determinations of product branching fractions in reactions such as CN + O-2 rely on the wide applicability of infrared absorption and on the straightforward relationship of absorption to absolute concentration. Finally, investigations of product vibrational distributions, as in the CN + H-2 reaction, provide additional insight into the details of reaction mechanisms. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Taatjes, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 167 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2001 VL 52 BP 41 EP 70 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.41 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 441TW UT WOS:000169246500004 PM 11326058 ER PT J AU Nozik, AJ AF Nozik, AJ TI Spectroscopy and hot electron relaxation dynamics in semiconductor quantum wells and quantum dots SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE hot-carrier cooling; high efficiency photovoltaics; semiconductor quantum dot arrays; superlattices; high efficiency photo electrochemistry ID TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROXIMATION; CADMIUM SELENIDE NANOCRYSTALS; ULTRAFAST CARRIER DYNAMICS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ENERGY-RELAXATION; PHONON BOTTLENECK; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BAND-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR PHOTOVOLTAICS AB Photoexcitation of a semiconductor with photons above the semiconductor band gap creates electrons and holes that are out of equilibrium. The rates at which the photogenerated charge carriers return to equilibrium via thermalization through carrier scattering, cooling by phonon emission, and radiative and nonradiative recombination are important issues, The relaxation processes can be greatly affected by quantization effects that arise when the carriers are confined to regions of space that are small compared with their deBroglie wavelength or the Bohr radius of bulk excitons. The effects of size quantization in semiconductor quantum wells (carrier confinement in one dimension) and quantum dots (carrier confinement in three dimensions) on the respective carrier relaxation processes are reviewed, with emphasis on electron cooling dynamics. The implications of these effects for applications involving radiant energy conversion are also discussed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nozik, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM anozik@nrel.nrel.gov RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 NR 180 TC 453 Z9 456 U1 21 U2 222 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2001 VL 52 BP 193 EP 231 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.193 PG 39 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 441TW UT WOS:000169246500010 PM 11326064 ER PT J AU Deniz, AA Laurence, TA Dahan, M Chemla, DS Schultz, PG Weiss, S AF Deniz, AA Laurence, TA Dahan, M Chemla, DS Schultz, PG Weiss, S TI Ratiometric single-molecule studies of freely diffusing biomolecules SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE protein folding; polymer physics; fluorescence resonance energy transfer; subpopulations; fluorescence lifetime ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; CROSS-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON-COUNTING HISTOGRAM; CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITOR-2; TRANSITION-STATE; CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS; FOLDING MECHANISMS; MULTIPLE PATHWAYS AB We outline recent developments in biological single-molecule fluorescence detection with particular emphasis on observations by ratiometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) of biomolecules freely diffusing in solution. Single-molecule-diffusion methodologies were developed to minimize perturbations introduced by interactions between molecules and surfaces. Confocal microscopy is used in combination with sensitive detectors to observe bursts of photons from fluorescently labeled biomolecules as they diffuse through the focal volume. These bursts are analyzed to extract ratiometric observables such as FRET efficiency and polarization anisotropy. We describe the development of single-molecule FRET methodology and its application to the observation of the Forster distance dependence and the study of protein folding and polymer physics problems. Finally, we discuss future advances in data acquisition and analysis techniques that can provide a more complete picture of the accessible molecular information. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Deniz, AA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, 10666 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM deniz@scripps.edu; tedal@uclink4.berkeley.edu; maxime.dahan@lkb.ens.fr; dschemla@lbl.gov; schultz@scripps.edu; sweiss@lbl.gov RI Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011; Dahan, Maxime /F-1740-2010; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X; weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59380, R01 GM49220-09] NR 105 TC 152 Z9 155 U1 5 U2 42 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2001 VL 52 BP 233 EP 253 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.233 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 441TW UT WOS:000169246500011 PM 11326065 ER PT J AU Neumark, DM AF Neumark, DM TI Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of molecules and clusters SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE photoelectron spectroscopy; picosecond and femtosecond lasers; clusters; negative ions ID STATE PROTON-TRANSFER; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; GEMINATE RECOMBINATION DYNAMICS; ULTRAFAST INTERNAL-CONVERSION; KINETIC-ENERGY PHOTOELECTRON; WAVE-PACKET DYNAMICS; I-XEN CLUSTERS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; PICOSECOND TIME AB Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) has become a powerful new tool in studying the dynamics of molecules and clusters. It has been applied to processes ranging from energy flow in electronically excited states of molecules to electron solvation dynamics in clusters. This review covers experimental and theoretical aspects of TRPES, focusing on studies of neutral and negatively charged species. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 116 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 5 U2 37 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2001 VL 52 BP 255 EP 277 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.255 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 441TW UT WOS:000169246500012 PM 11326066 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, AK Golumbfskie, AJ AF Chakraborty, AK Golumbfskie, AJ TI Polymer adsorption - Driven self-assembly of nanostructures SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE polymer adsorption; frustrated systems; disorder; nanostructures ID COPOLYMER THIN-FILMS; STRONGLY INHIBIT AGGLUTINATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; MEAN-FIELD-THEORY; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; PATTERNED SURFACES; HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; RANDOM HETEROPOLYMERS AB Driven by prospective applications, there is much interest in developing materials that can perform specific functions in response to external conditions. One way to design such materials is to create systems which, in response to external inputs, can self-assemble to form structures that are functionally useful. This review focuses on the principles that can be employed to design macromolecules that when presented with an appropriate two-dimensional surface, will self-assemble to form nanostructures that may be functionally useful. We discuss three specific examples: (a) biomimetic recognition between polymers and patterned surfaces. (b) control and manipulation of nanomechanical motion generated by biopolymer adsorption and binding, and (c) creation of patterned nanostructuctures by exposing molten diblock copolymers to patterned surfaces. The discussion serves to illustrate how polymer sequence can be manipulated to affect self-assembly characteristics near adsorbing surfaces. The focus of this review is on theoretical and computational work aimed toward elucidating the principles underlying the phenomena pertinent to the three topics noted above. However, synergistic experiments are also described in the appropriate context. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM arup@lolita.cchem.berkeley.edu NR 114 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 23 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2001 VL 52 BP 537 EP 573 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.537 PG 41 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 441TW UT WOS:000169246500020 PM 11326074 ER PT J AU Vitanov, NV Halfmann, T Shore, BW Bergmann, K AF Vitanov, NV Halfmann, T Shore, BW Bergmann, K TI Laser-induced population transfer by adiabatic passage techniques SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE stimulated Raman adiabatic passage; level crossing; coherent excitation; Landau-Zener model ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; LIGHT-INDUCED POTENTIALS; 3-LEVEL SYSTEM DRIVEN; INDUCED CONTINUUM STRUCTURE; LANDAU-ZENER CALCULATION; HIGH VIBRATIONAL-STATES; QUANTUM LADDER SYSTEM; PHOTON RECOIL ENERGY; N-LEVEL SYSTEMS; DELAYED PULSES AB We review some basic techniques for laser-induced adiabatic population transfer between discrete quantum states in atoms and molecules. C1 Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Sofia, Dept Phys, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Vitanov, NV (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Pl 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Vitanov, Nikolay/A-1248-2013; Halfmann, Thomas/O-4588-2014; BERGMANN, KLAAS/D-5543-2011; OI Halfmann, Thomas/0000-0002-1222-2669; Vitanov, Nikolay/0000-0002-8599-4766 NR 204 TC 571 Z9 578 U1 10 U2 70 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2001 VL 52 BP 763 EP 809 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.763 PG 47 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 441TW UT WOS:000169246500026 PM 11326080 ER PT B AU Li, H Peng, FZ Lawler, J AF Li, H Peng, FZ Lawler, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Modeling, simulation, and experimental verification of soft-switched bi-directional dc-dc converters SO APEC 2001: SIXTEENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition CY MAR 04-08, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, Power Electr Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, Power Source Manufacturers Assoc AB In this paper, an extended averaged model is developed for a soft-switched hi-directional de-de converter for high-power applications. The proposed technique can be applied to other bi-directional de-de converters with a high-frequency isolation transformer. Simulation results of Matlab/Simulink using the proposed average model are compared to those of detailed circuit simulation and experimental results to confirm the validity of this technique. C1 Univ Tennessee, ECE Dept, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, ECE Dept, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6618-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2001 BP 736 EP 742 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS02V UT WOS:000168376400110 ER PT S AU Su, GJ AF Su, GJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Design and analysis of a low cost, high performance single phase UPS system SO APEC 2001: SIXTEENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition CY MAR 04-08, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, Power Electr Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, Power Source Manufacturers Assoc AB This paper presents design considerations and performance analysis of an on-line low cost, high performance single-phase UPS system based on a novel converter topology. The converter, consisting of an ac-dc/dc-dc boost converter combined with a half bridge inverter, uses only five active switches to realize very desirable features. These include sinusoidal input currents, a common neutral connection - eliminating the requirement of an isolation transformer, capability of voltage balancing control for the de bus capacitors, low voltage storage battery as wed as its charge or discharge regulations. Further, voltage stresses on the switches in the boost converter are reduced to half of those in conventional half bridge converters. A new, unified boost converter control strategy is also presented. Detailed computer simulation and experimental results are included in this paper to demonstrate the superior performances of the UPS system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM sugj@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 0-7803-6618-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2001 BP 900 EP 906 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS02V UT WOS:000168376400133 ER PT S AU Krause, HF Vane, CR Datz, S AF Krause, HF Vane, CR Datz, S BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Electrostatic trap for keV ion beams SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID LIFETIME MEASUREMENT; STORAGE AB A reflecting ion beam electrostatic trap has been constructed and tested for the purpose of studying molecular ion physics. A trap of this type offers a large field-free region, wide mass range, and beam directionality that simplifies the detection of stored ions or breakup products. In our configuration, pulsed ions extracted Pram an ion source (5-10 mus) ate accelerated to keV energies and magnetically analyzed before injection into the trap. After the ions enter the trap, high-voltage electrostatic entrance and exit mirrors and Einzel lenses (operated by fast switches) cause the ions to oscillate between the mirrors in nearly parallel trajectories. Neutralized ions, detected by a channel plate located beyond the exit mirror, indicate the time dependence of the stored ion population. Voltages and pulsed timing of the beam and trap are controlled by computer (38 parameters). The computer can quickly find the optimum trapping conditions in successive fills using the detected neutral yield. Numerous atomic and molecular ions (energy of 1.3-3.0 keV and m < 100 amu) have been stored with a beam capture efficiency up to 2%. The storage lifetime, limited by neutralizing collisions with background gas, is typically 2-5 sec at a pressure of 2 x 10(-9) Torr. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krause, HF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 126 EP 129 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600032 ER PT S AU Wuosmaa, AH Back, BB Baker, MD Barton, DS Basilev, S Bates, BD Baum, R Betts, RR Bialas, A Bindel, R Bogucki, W Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Ceglia, M Chang, YH Chen, AE Coghen, T Conner, C Czyz, W Dabrowski, B Decowski, MP Despet, M Fita, P Fitch, J Friedl, M Galuska, K Ganz, R Garcia, E George, N Godlewski, J Gomes, C Griesmayer, E Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halik, J Halliwell, C Haridas, P Hayes, A Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Hollis, R Holynski, R Holzman, B Johnson, E Kane, J Katzy, J Kita, W Kotula, J Kraner, H Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Law, C Lemler, M Ligocki, J Lin, WT Manly, S McCleod, D Michalowski, J Mignerey, A Mulmenstadt, J Neal, M Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Patel, M Pernegger, H Plesko, M Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Ross, D Rosenberg, L Ryan, J Sanzgiri, A Sarin, P Sawicki, P Scaduto, J Shea, J Sinacore, J Skulski, W Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Steinberg, P Straczek, A Stodulski, M Strek, M Stopa, Z Sukhanov, A Surowiecka, K Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B Zalewski, K Zychowski, P AF Wuosmaa, AH Back, BB Baker, MD Barton, DS Basilev, S Bates, BD Baum, R Betts, RR Bialas, A Bindel, R Bogucki, W Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Ceglia, M Chang, YH Chen, AE Coghen, T Conner, C Czyz, W Dabrowski, B Decowski, MP Despet, M Fita, P Fitch, J Friedl, M Galuska, K Ganz, R Garcia, E George, N Godlewski, J Gomes, C Griesmayer, E Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halik, J Halliwell, C Haridas, P Hayes, A Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Hollis, R Holynski, R Holzman, B Johnson, E Kane, J Katzy, J Kita, W Kotula, J Kraner, H Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Law, C Lemler, M Ligocki, J Lin, WT Manly, S McCleod, D Michalowski, J Mignerey, A Mulmenstadt, J Neal, M Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Patel, M Pernegger, H Plesko, M Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Ross, D Rosenberg, L Ryan, J Sanzgiri, A Sarin, P Sawicki, P Scaduto, J Shea, J Sinacore, J Skulski, W Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Steinberg, P Straczek, A Stodulski, M Strek, M Stopa, Z Sukhanov, A Surowiecka, K Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B Zalewski, K Zychowski, P CA PHOBOS Collaboration BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI First results from the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; ENERGIES; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The PHOBOS experiment at RHIC has measured the charged-particle density dN/d eta at mid-rapidity for central Au+Au collisions at center of mass energies of roots(NN)=56, and 130 GeV. We deduce that dN/d eta =408 +/- 12(stat) +/- 30(syst) and 555 +/- 12(stat)+/- 35(syst) for collision energies of 56 GeV and 130 GeV, respectively. These numbers suggest energy densities that are some 70% higher than have been achieved in any heavy-ion collisions previously studied, and also 25-40% higher than nucleon-nucleon collisions at comparable center of mass energies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wuosmaa, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 231 EP 234 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600058 ER PT S AU Welton, RF Janney, MA Mueller, PE Ortman, WK Rauniyar, R Stracener, DW Williams, CL AF Welton, RF Janney, MA Mueller, PE Ortman, WK Rauniyar, R Stracener, DW Williams, CL BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Characterization and fabrication of target materials for RIB generation SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB This report discusses two techniques developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) that are employed for the fabrication and characterization of targets used in the production of Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBS). First, our method of in-house fabrication of uranium carbide targets is discussed. We have found that remarkably uniform coatings of UC2 can be formed on the microstructure of porous C matrices. The technique has been used to form UC2 layers on highly thermally conductive graphitic foams. Targets fabricated in this fashion have been tested under low-intensity proton bombardment and yields of selected radioactive species are reported. This report also describes an off-line test stand for the investigation of effusive and diffusive transport in RIB target/ion sources. Permeation rates of gases and vapors passing through a high temperature membrane or through an effusive channel constructed from the material under investigation are recorded. Diffusion coefficients and adsorption enthalpies, which characterize the interaction of RIB species with materials of the target/ion source, are extracted from the time profile of the recorded data. Examples of diffusion, effusion and conductance measurements are provided. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Welton, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 250 EP 253 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600062 ER PT S AU Stracener, DW AF Stracener, DW CA HRIBF Staff BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Radioactive ion beams at the HRIBF SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB The Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) is now delivering beams of radioactive ions for nuclear physics experiments. The radioactive ions are produced using the Isotope-Separator-On-Line (ISOL) technique and then injected into a 25 MV tandem electrostatic accelerator and accelerated to energies of 0.1 - 10 MeV per nucleon for light nuclei and up to 5 MeV per nucleon for nuclei heavier than 100 amu. In the past year, the facility has provided almost 1200 hours of F-17 and F-18 beams for research with intensities up to 3x10(6) ions/s on target. Also, the facility has provided beams of neutron-rich radioactive ions using proton-induced fission in a highly permeable uranium carbide target. The first such beam delivered to an experiment was Ag-118 with intensities up to 2x10(6) ions/s on target. Details of the techniques used to produce these beams and other beam development projects will be discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stracener, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 257 EP 260 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600064 ER PT S AU Rehm, KE Ahmad, I Blackmon, J Borasi, F Caggiano, J Chen, A Davids, CN Greene, J Harss, B Heinz, A Henderson, D Janssens, RVF Jiang, CL Nolen, J Pardo, RC Parker, P Paul, M Schiffer, JP Segel, RE Seweryniak, D Siemssen, RH Smith, MS Uusitalo, J Wang, TF Wiedenhover, I AF Rehm, KE Ahmad, I Blackmon, J Borasi, F Caggiano, J Chen, A Davids, CN Greene, J Harss, B Heinz, A Henderson, D Janssens, RVF Jiang, CL Nolen, J Pardo, RC Parker, P Paul, M Schiffer, JP Segel, RE Seweryniak, D Siemssen, RH Smith, MS Uusitalo, J Wang, TF Wiedenhover, I BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Experiments with radioactive beams at ATLAS SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID ION-BEAM AB Various beams of short- and long-lived radioactive nuclei have recently been produced at the ATLAS accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory, using either the so-called In-Flight or the Two-Accelerator method. The production techniques, as well as recent results with Ti-44 (T-1/2=60y) and F-17 (T-1/2=64s) beams, which are of interest to nucleosynthesis in supernovae and X-ray bursts, are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rehm, KE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 261 EP 264 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600065 ER PT S AU Liang, JF AF Liang, JF BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Research with radioactive beams at ORNL SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID HOT CNO CYCLE; F-18(P,ALPHA)O-15 REACTION; BREAKOUT; NUCLEI; NE-18; F-17 AB Radioactive F-17 and F-18 beams have been produced at the HRIBF using the ISOL technique. The beams were postaccelerated by the 25 MV tandem accelerator. Experiments were carried out to search for F(p,p) resonances, measure F(p,a) reaction rates, study two-proton decay from Ne-18 produced by F-17+p, and study the reaction mechanisms in F-17 + Pb-208. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liang, JF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600068 ER PT S AU Kirch, K Bowles, TJ Fillipone, B Geltenbort, P Hill, R Hino, M Hoedl, S Hogan, G Ito, TM Kawai, T Lamoreaux, SK Liu, CY Martin, JW Morris, C Pichlmaier, A Saunders, A Seestrom, S Serebrov, A Smith, D Tipton, B Utsuro, M Young, AR Yuan, J AF Kirch, K Bowles, TJ Fillipone, B Geltenbort, P Hill, R Hino, M Hoedl, S Hogan, G Ito, TM Kawai, T Lamoreaux, SK Liu, CY Martin, JW Morris, C Pichlmaier, A Saunders, A Seestrom, S Serebrov, A Smith, D Tipton, B Utsuro, M Young, AR Yuan, J BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Status of the new Los Alamos UCN source SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID SOLID-DEUTERIUM SOURCE; ULTRA-COLD NEUTRONS; RATES AB Ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) have been produced at reactors over the last 30 years. Although very successful, experiments often suffer from low UCN statistics - as limited by the traditional production scheme. A new type of UCN source has been developed at Los Alamos. The source combines a spallation target, a cold neutron flux trap, and a solid deuterium converter for the down-scattering of cold neutrons into the ultra-cold regime. The breakthroughs of the last year include the theoretical understanding of the production mechanism and its experimental verification. The new technique is capable of delivering orders of magnitude higher densities of UCN. The highest UCN density ever stored in an experiment is reported. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kirch@lanl.gov RI Kirch, Klaus/A-4601-2010 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600072 ER PT S AU Devlin, M Fotiades, N Johns, GD Nelson, RO Haight, RC Zanini, L Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Garrett, PE McGrath, CA McNabb, DP Younes, W Saladin, JX Aprahamian, A AF Devlin, M Fotiades, N Johns, GD Nelson, RO Haight, RC Zanini, L Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Garrett, PE McGrath, CA McNabb, DP Younes, W Saladin, JX Aprahamian, A BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Nuclear physics with fast neutrons at LANSCE/WNR: GEANIE and FIGARO SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID STATES; U-232 AB GEANIE is an array of 26 HpGe detectors used to study nuclear reaction dynamics and structure following reactions with high-energy (1 < E-n < 200 MeV) neutrons, for both basic and applied research projects. Studies have included the measurement of (n,xn) partial cross sections as a function of E-n for a variety of nuclei, particularly actinides. More recently, studies of n-induced fission-fragment distributions and nuclear structure in the actinide region have been started. A second beam line and experimental station (FIGARO) have been set up to complement and extend this program. Research conducted on this second beam line includes the use of conversion electron spectroscopy to explore nuclear structure, using the University of Pittsburgh ICEBall II array. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Devlin, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 309 EP 312 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600077 ER PT S AU Seabury, EH Haight, RC O'Donnell, JM Ulhmann, JL Wender, SA Akdogan, T Chtangeev, M Franklin, WA Hough, JB Matthews, JL Safkan, Y AF Seabury, EH Haight, RC O'Donnell, JM Ulhmann, JL Wender, SA Akdogan, T Chtangeev, M Franklin, WA Hough, JB Matthews, JL Safkan, Y BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Precision measurement of the n+p -> d+gamma cross section for testing big-bang nucleosynthesis models SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE AB The radiative neutron capture process plays an important role in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) models. Recent measurements of the deuterium abundance in high-redshift hydrogen clouds have allowed a precise comparison of the light elemental abundances with BBN-model predictions. These measurements have also demonstrated the need for more precise cross section data. In particular there are very few measurements of the np?d? cross section in the energy region of interest to BBN, none of which cover the important energy range of 50-400keV. Measurements of this cross section are bing undertaken at the WNR facility of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Seabury, EH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 339 EP 341 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600085 ER PT S AU Zanini, L Aprahamian, A Chadwick, MB Devlin, M Haight, RC Saladin, JX Young, PG AF Zanini, L Aprahamian, A Chadwick, MB Devlin, M Haight, RC Saladin, JX Young, PG BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Study of reactions of fast neutrons with nuclei with FIGARO at LANSCE SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB We present the new FIGARO facility under construction at the Weapons Neutron Research facility at LANSCE, for the measurement of gamma rays and neutrons from interactions of fast neutrons with nuclei. A first measurement was performed in 1999 with Co-59, using a single germanium detector. Prompt gamma rays from reactions with neutrons in the energy range from 1 to 200 MeV have been measured. Preliminary cross sections for gamma transitions from (n, n'), (n, 2n), (n, 3n), (n, p), (n,np), (n, 2np) and (n, alpha) reactions have been obtained. The results have been compared with existing data, and with calculations using the code GNASH. They indicate that with FIGARO high quality data can be obtained in the considered energy range. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zanini, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 346 EP 349 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600087 ER PT S AU Koehler, P AF Koehler, P BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Nuclear astrophysics measurements using neutrons SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID N,GAMMA CROSS-SECTIONS; TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENTS; S-PROCESS; ANOMALIES; CAPTURE; ORIGIN AB Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in experimental neutron nuclear astrophysics. New precision abundance determinations, recent changes and improvements in stellar models, and the realization of new ways in which neutron experiments could yield vital nuclear astrophysics data have all contributed to the need for new experiments. New (n gamma) and (n,alpha) cross-section data are needed for both stable and radioactive nuclides across a broader range of energies and with much higher precision than previously available. With the increase in precision of the (n,gamma) data, new inelastic neutron scattering data are needed so that the stellar enhancements of reaction rates measured in the laboratory can be determined. Recent improvements in experimental techniques have made it possible to begin to fulfill these needs. In addition, the extremely high fluxes at the new spallation neutron sources should enable a large expansion in (n,gamma) cross-section measurements on relatively short-lived radioactive nuclides as well as on stable nuclides having very small natural abundances. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Koehler, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 350 EP 353 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600088 ER PT S AU Keller, R AF Keller, R BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The Front-End Systems for the Spallation Neutron Source. SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB The Front-End Systems (FES) of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project are being built by Berkeley Lab and will deliver a 52-mA H- ion beam at 2.5 MeV energy to the subsequent Drift-Tube Linac, to be built by Los Alamos National Laboratory. The FES comprise a volume-production, cesium-enhanced Ion Source, an electrostatic Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), an RFQ accelerator, and a Medium-Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) that includes rebuncher cavities, magnetic quadrupoles, and beam diagnostics. The macro-pulse duty factor is 6%, and the macro pulses have to be chopped into a minipulse structure with a time scale of hundreds of ns, to reduce beam losses and component activation during extraction from the SNS Accumulator Ring. Delivery of the entire FES to the main SNS facility in Oak Ridge is planned for April 2002. This paper discusses the design features and status of the major FES subsystems with special emphasis on Ion Source and LEBT for which first experimental results have been obtained. After successful completion, the FES could be viewed as a prototype of a high-current, high duty-factor injector for other accelerator projects or, without the elaborate MEBT, as an independent 2.5-MeV accelerator for various applications. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keller, R (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 362 EP 365 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600091 ER PT S AU Gehrke, RJ Mandler, JW Helmer, RG Davidson, JR AF Gehrke, RJ Mandler, JW Helmer, RG Davidson, JR BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Extension of the electronic gamma-ray spectrum catalogue Web Site SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB The electronic version of the gamma -Ray Spectrum Catalogue, at the Web Site http://id.inel.gov/gamma/, has been extended to include additional radionuclides measured with modern Ge detectors. The set of data for each nuclide includes a new spectral plot, a complete decay scheme, and a table of gamma -ray energies and intensities downloaded from the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF). Each gamma -ray is color coded in the same way in each of these three presentations. gamma rays from daughter activities are identified in the spectrum by labeling the peak with the isotope with which it belongs. X-rays, artifact peaks (e.g., sum peaks), and contaminant radionuclides are distinctly colored. For each available nuclide, any available spectra from the earlier NaI(Tl) and Ge(Li) Catalogues have been included. The date of all of the downloaded ENSDF data is also recorded to provide a pedigree. Actinide decay chains allow hot links to other members of the decay chain. Links to other user information resources have been included. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Gehrke, RJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 366 EP 369 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600092 ER PT S AU Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V Adams, EM Maheswaran, S AF Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V Adams, EM Maheswaran, S BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI High energy ion beam analysis of buried alpha-Fe2O3(0001)/alpha-Al2O3(0001) interface SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID THIN-FILMS; EPITAXIAL-FILMS; GROWTH; FE3O4; ALPHA-FE2O3(0001); GAMMA-FE2O3 AB We have investigated the disordering at the buried interface of alpha -Fe2O3(0001)/alpha -Al2O3(0001) interface using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and channeling techniques. Although expitaxially-grown alpha -Fe2O3(0001)/alpha -Al2O3(0001) thin films exhibit about 1.5-2.5% of minimum yield, disordering at the interface is visible due to the misfit dislocations because of the lattice mismatch between the substrate and the film. Theoretical simulations-of surface and interface peak areas were simulated using VEGAS program and compared with the experimental data. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thevuthasan, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM theva@pnl.gov; shuttha@pnl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 432 EP 435 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600107 ER PT S AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V AF Jiang, W Weber, WJ Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Simultaneous analysis of multiple elements by combined ion-beam methods SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; GAN AB Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) in channeling geometry have been combined to study the accumulation and recovery of Au2+-induced disorder on both sublattices in 6H-SiC. Conventional He+ RBS/channeling is used to analyze the Ga disorder and Au profiles in Au2+-implanted GaN and the disorder on both the Sr and Ti sublattices in Au2+-implanted SrTiO3. Results on the disorder accumulation in these materials, disorder recovery in 6H-SiC, as well as the mobility of Au implants in GaN are presented and discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 447 EP 450 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600111 ER PT S AU Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Baer, DR Adams, EM Maheswaran, S Engelhard, MH Icenhower, JP McGrail, BP AF Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Baer, DR Adams, EM Maheswaran, S Engelhard, MH Icenhower, JP McGrail, BP BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Investigation of alkali ion exchange processes in waste glasses using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and nuclear reaction analysis SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB A series of dissolution experiments using isotopic labeled ((D2O)-O-18) aqueous solution were carried out to investigate the ion exchange mechanism in Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses with fixed Na2O and variable Al2O3 concentrations. The sodium removal and the deuterium and oxygen uptake in the glass coupons were measured using ion beam methods such as Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). Both RBS and NRA experimental spectra were simulated using the SIMNRA simulation code with a thin layer approximation. Na, D, and O-18 concentrations as a function of depth in reacted and non-reacted glasses were determined using simulated spectra. On the basis of the depth distributions of these elements, three different zones (reaction, transition and diffusion zones) were identified in both samples. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shutthanandan, V (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 454 EP 457 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600113 ER PT S AU Doyle, BL Vizkelethy, G Horn, KM Walsh, DS Dodd, PE AF Doyle, BL Vizkelethy, G Horn, KM Walsh, DS Dodd, PE BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Radiation effects microscopy SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID BEAM-INDUCED CHARGE; ION; COLLECTION; DETECTORS AB Nuclear microscopy is usually associated with the use of highly focused MeV ions to measure microscopically the composition of solids. Another use of such focused ions emerged 10 years ago with the introduction of radiation effects microscopy or REM. With REM one exploits the charge deposited by each ion, or the effect of this charge. The power of this new technique stems from the reproducible, and very well understood, linear charge density produced by ions in semiconductors, coupled with the capability of a nuclear microprobe to provide individual ions to a specimen with high spatial resolution. Several techniques form the bases for REM, and these can be categorized under the headings: ion beam induced charge collection (IBICC) and single event effects (SEE) imaging, this paper reviews these techniques, and gives examples of their use in studying charge transport, and the effects of this transport, in semiconductors and integrated circuits. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gvizkel@sandia.gov; kmhorn@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 516 EP 521 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600128 ER PT S AU Heinz, A Khoo, TL Reiter, P Ahmad, I Bhattacharyya, P Caggiano, J Carpenter, MP Cizewski, JA Davids, CN Henning, WF Janssens, RVF Jones, GD Julin, R Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Siem, S Sonzogni, AA Uusitalo, J Wiedenhover, I AF Heinz, A Khoo, TL Reiter, P Ahmad, I Bhattacharyya, P Caggiano, J Carpenter, MP Cizewski, JA Davids, CN Henning, WF Janssens, RVF Jones, GD Julin, R Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Siem, S Sonzogni, AA Uusitalo, J Wiedenhover, I BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The Argonne Fragment Mass Analyzer and measurements of entry distributions SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID FISSION AB The Argonne Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA) is designed to separate and identify evaporation residues according to their mass-to-charge ratio. The FMA in combination with GAMMASPHERE - an array of 100 compton-suppressed germanium detectors - allowed for a number of very interesting in-beam gamma-spectroscopy studies, as the FMA provided a very clean trigger on evaporation residues to obtain extremely background-free gamma-spectra. This setup was used to measure the total gamma-energy and multiplicity after particle evaporation - the so-called entry distribution - by exploiting the calorimetric properties of GAMMASPHERE, using its germanium detectors as well as its BGO shields for a maximum gamma efficiency. The entry distribution can be used to estimate the height of the fission barrier as a function of angular momentum. This method is especially favorable for unstable nuclei, for which the fission barrier is otherwise very difficult to measure. Here, the entry distributions of Th-220 at beam energies of 206 MeV and 219.5 MeV in the Yb-176(Ca-48,4n) reaction are presented. The results are compared to a previous measurement. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Heinz, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 559 EP 562 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600137 ER PT S AU Reeder, PL Bowyer, SM AF Reeder, PL Bowyer, SM BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Neutron and simultaneous gamma detection with LiBaF3 scintillator SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID CRYSTALS AB Pulse shape discrimination techniques using the scintillator LiBaF3 allow very clean separation of densely ionizing radiation (protons, tritons, alphas, etc.) from less densely ionizing radiation (electrons). The pulse shape discrimination is based on the presence of sub-nanosecond core-valence luminescence for gammas and electrons. We use a pulse discrimination based on integration of the signal over a short time interval compared to integration over a long time interval. Thermal neutron capture events, fast neutron capture events, and fast neutron elastic scattering events on Li have distinctive loci in a two-dimensional plot of the short gate pulse heights versus total gate pulse heights. Applications of this scintillator include measurements of fast to thermal neutron ratios, fast neutron spectroscopy, and alpha contamination, all in the presence of significant gamma radiation. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Reeder, PL (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 563 EP 566 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600138 ER PT S AU Sale, KE Hall, JM Brown, CM AF Sale, KE Hall, JM Brown, CM BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Pulse-height spectrum measurement experiment for code benchmarking: Initial results SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB We have completed a set of gamma-ray pulse-height benchmark experiments using a high-purity germanium detector to measure absolute counting rate spectra from Co-60, Cs-137 and Co-57 isotopic sources. The detector was carefully shielded and collimated so that the geometry of the system was well known. The measured absolute pulse-height spectrum counting rates are compared to energy-deposit spectra calculated using the Monte Carlo radiation transport code COG [1, 2]. We present here a small subset of our results. The agreement between the calculated and measured spectra and known sources of discrepancies will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sale, KE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600139 ER PT S AU Vetter, K AF Vetter, K BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The Gamma Ray Energy Tracking Array SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID GRETA; DETECTORS AB Gamma-ray tracking is anew concept for the detection of gamma radiation. One proposed implementation of this concept, called GRETA for Gamma Ray Energy Tracking Array, aims at an improvement in nuclear physics and is based on an array of highly segmented HPGe detectors. We have developed new techniques to determine three-dimensional positions and energies of interactions based on pulse-shape analysis in a two-dimensionally segmented Ge detector and algorithms which use these informations to reconstruct the scattering sequence of gamma rays, even if many grays hit the array at the same time. Such a detector will have a high efficiency and a good peak-to-background ratio, an excellent Doppler-shift correction and high count rate capability as well as a high polarization sensitivity. However, the concept will not only improve the sensitivity for gamma rays in nuclear physics but large potential gain is also possible in other areas, such as gamma -ray imaging used in astrophysics or medicine. Only recently we have shown the proof-of-principle of the proposed concept based on the measured position resolution of better than 1 mm in three dimensions in a 36-fold segmented Ge detector at an gamma -ray energy of 374 keV. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vetter, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 583 EP 586 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600143 ER PT S AU Schneider, LX AF Schneider, LX BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Conceptual design of a 100 MW electron beam accelerator module for the National Hypersonic Wind Tunnel program SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB The National Hypersonic Wind Tunnel program requires an unprecedented electron beam source capable of 1-2 MeV at a total average beam power of 100-200 MW for several seconds. Although a 100 MW module is a two-order extrapolation from demonstrated average power levels, the scaling of accelerator components appears reasonable. This paper will present an evaluation of component and system issues involved in the design of a 100 MW electron beam accelerator module with precision beam transport into a high pressure flowing air environment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Accelerator Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schneider, LX (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Accelerator Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 663 EP 666 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600162 ER PT S AU Grisham, LR Kuriyama, M Kawai, M Itoh, T Umeda, N AF Grisham, LR Kuriyama, M Kawai, M Itoh, T Umeda, N CA JT-60U Team BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Performance enhancement of negative ion sources for the JT-60U tokamak SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB The negative ion based neutral beam system now operating for plasma heating and current drive on the large JT-60U tokamak marked the first application of negative ion source technology to the production of high current, high voltage beams for conversion to neutral atomic beams. This pioneering system has demonstrated the technical feasibility of negative ion based neutral beams for future fusion devices. Because this was a very large advance in the state of the art with respect to all system parameters, the principal physical processes governing the performance of the ion source and accelerator were somewhat different than had been the case with earlier much smaller negative ion sources. We have explored the physical mechanisms limiting the power and pulse length capability of these large sources, and have implemented ameliorating changes to reduce power loading on the accelerator grids and increase the transmitted power fraction. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Grisham, LR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 759 EP 762 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600183 ER PT S AU Pitcher, EJ Cappiello, MW O'Brien, HA AF Pitcher, EJ Cappiello, MW O'Brien, HA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Proposal for a new high-energy isotope production facility at LANSCE SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB The original targeting system used for producing radionuclides via 800-MeV proton-induced spallation reactions at Los Alamos has been deactivated while a new 100-MeV targeting facility is being implemented. The feasibility of constructing another facility to retain the capability for 800-MeV proton bombardment has been examined. A new feature is the incorporation of tungsten targets to enhance energetic neutron production. A neutron flux of similar magnitude to the proton flux would result, aided by the placement of reflector shields to reduce escaping energetic particles. Interspersed among the tungsten targets are a total of 25 experimental target irradiation positions. A hydraulic target transfer system facilitates independent target insertion and retrieval. In many cases, this mixed neutron/proton irradiation environment significantly increases the radioisotope production rate above that of using protons alone. As a means of validating predicted isotope production rates for the new facility, predicted yields using the MCNPX and CINDER'90 codes were compared with measured yields obtained prior to the deactivation of the 800-MeV facility. Of the 10 isotopes for which measured data exist, activities at EOB are within 35% of the calculated yields. C1 Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pitcher, EJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 828 EP 832 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600197 ER PT S AU Mashnik, SG Wilson, WB Van Riper, KA AF Mashnik, SG Wilson, WB Van Riper, KA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Computer study of isotope production for medical and industrial applications in high power accelerators SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID PROTON-INDUCED REACTIONS; CASCADE-EXCITON MODEL AB Methods for radionuclide production calculation in a high power proton accelerator have been developed and applied to study production of 22 isotopes. These methods are readily applicable both to accelerator and reactor environments and to the production of other radioactive and stable isotopes. We have also developed methods for evaluating cross sections from a wide variety of sources into a single cross section set and have produced an evaluated library covering about a third of all natural elements that may be expanded to other reactions. A 684 page detailed report on this study, with 37 tables and 264 color figures is available on the Web at http://t2.lanl.gov/publications/. C1 LANL, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mashnik, SG (reprint author), LANL, Div Theoret, T-16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 833 EP 836 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600198 ER PT S AU Micklich, BJ Smith, DL Massey, TN Ingram, D Fessler, A AF Micklich, BJ Smith, DL Massey, TN Ingram, D Fessler, A BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI FIGARO: Detecting nuclear material using high-energy gamma rays from oxygen SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB Potential diversion of nuclear materials is a major international concern. Fissile (e.g., U, Pu) and other nuclear materials (e.g., D, Be) can be detected using 6-7 MeV gamma rays produced in the F-19(p,alpha gamma)O-16 reaction. These gamma rays will induce neutron emission via the photoneutron and photofission processes in nuclear materials. However, they are not energetic enough to generate significant numbers of neutrons from most common benign materials, thereby reducing the false alarm rate. Neutrons are counted using an array of BF3 counters in a polyethylene moderator. Experiments have shown a strong increase in neutron count rates for depleted uranium, Be, D2O, and Li-6, and little or no increase for other materials (e.g., H2O, SS, Cu, Al, C, Li-7). Gamma source measurements using solid targets of CaF2 and MgF2 and a SF6 gas target show that proton accelerators of 3 MeV and 10-100 microamperes average current could lead to acceptable detection sensitivity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Micklich, BJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 1053 EP 1056 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600252 ER PT S AU Parker, WE Buckley, WM Kreek, SA Caffrey, AJ Mauger, GJ Lavietes, AD Dougan, AD AF Parker, WE Buckley, WM Kreek, SA Caffrey, AJ Mauger, GJ Lavietes, AD Dougan, AD BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI A portable system for nuclear, chemical agent and explosives identification SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB The FRIS/PINS hybrid integrates the LLNL-developed Field Radionuclide Identification System (FRIS) with the INEEL-developed Portable Isotopic Neutron Spectroscopy (PINS) chemical assay system to yield a combined general radioisotope, special nuclear material, and chemical weapons/explosives detection and identification system. The PINS system uses a neutron source and a high-purity germanium gamma -ray detector. The FRIS system uses an electromechanically cooled germanium detector and its own analysis software to detect and identify special nuclear material and other radioisotopes. The FRIS/PINS combined system also uses the electromechanically-cooled germanium detector. There is no other currently available integrated technology that can combine a prompt-gamma neutron-activation analysis capability for CWE with a passive radioisotope measurement and identification capability for special nuclear material. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Parker, WE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Caffrey, Augustine/C-2005-2009 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 1073 EP 1076 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600257 ER PT S AU Rusnak, B Hall, J AF Rusnak, B Hall, J BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI An accelerator system for neutron radiography SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB The field of x-ray radiography is well established for performing non-destructive evaluation of a vast array of components, assemblies, and objects. While x-rays excel in many radiography applications, their effectiveness diminishes rapidly if the objects of interest are surrounded by thick, high-density materials that strongly attenuate photons. Due to the differences in interaction mechanisms, neutron radiography is highly effective in imaging details inside such objects. To obtain a high intensity neutron source suitable for neutron imaging, a 9-MeV linear accelerator is being evaluated for delivering a deuteron beam into a high-pressure deuterium gas cell. Since a windowless aperture is needed to transport the beam into the gas cell, a low emittance is needed to minimize losses along the high-energy beam transport (HEBT) and the end station. A description of the HEBT, the transport optics into the gas cell, and the requirements for the linac will be presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rusnak, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 1105 EP 1108 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600264 ER PT S AU Hall, J Dietrich, F Logan, C Rusnak, B AF Hall, J Dietrich, F Logan, C Rusnak, B BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Recent results in the development of fast neutron imaging techniques SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB We are proceeding with the development of fast (approximate to 12 MeV) neutron imaging techniques for use in NDE applications. Our goal is to develop a neutron imaging system capable of detecting sub-mm-scale cracks, cubic-mm-scale voids and other structural defects in heavily-shielded low-Z materials within thick sealed objects. The final system will be relatively compact (suitable for use in a small laboratory) and capable of acquiring both radiographic and full tomographic image sets. The design of a prototype imaging detector will be briefly reviewed and results from several recent imaging experiments will be presented. The concurrent development of an intense, accelerator-driven neutron source suitable for use with the final production imaging system will also be briefly discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hall, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,M-S L-050, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jmhall@llnl.gov; rusnak1@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 1113 EP 1117 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600266 ER PT S AU Klann, RT Fink, CL McGregor, DS Gersch, HK AF Klann, RT Fink, CL McGregor, DS Gersch, HK BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Development of semiconductor detectors for fast neutron radiography SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB A high-energy neutron detector has been developed using a semiconductor diode fabricated from bulk gallium arsenide wafers with a polyethylene neutron converter layer. Typical thickness of the diode layer is 250 to 300 mum with bias voltages of 30 to 150 volts. Converter thicknesses up to 2030 mum have been tested. GaAs neutron detectors offer many advantages over existing detectors including positional information, directional dependence, gamma discrimination, radiation hardness, and spectral tailoring. Polyethylene-coated detectors have been shown to detect 14 MeV neutrons directly from a D-T neutron generator without interference from gamma rays or scattered neutrons. An array of small diode detectors can be assembled to perform fast neutron radiography with direct digital readout and real-time display of the image produced. In addition, because the detectors are insensitive to gamma rays and low energy neutrons, highly radioactive samples (such as spent nuclear fuel or transuranic waste drums) could be radiographed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klann, RT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 1118 EP 1121 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600267 ER PT S AU Greene, JP Lauritsen, T AF Greene, JP Lauritsen, T BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Isotopic germanium targets for high beam current applications at GAMMASPHERE SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID ATLAS AB The creation of a specific heavy ion residue via heavy ion fusion can usually be achieved through a number of beam and target combinations. Sometimes it is necessary to choose combinations with rare beams and/or difficult targets in order to achieve the physics goals of an experiment. A case in point was a recent experiment to produce (152)Dy at very high spins and low excitation energy with detection of the residue in a recoil mass analyzer. Both to create the nucleus cold and with a small recoil-cone so that the efficiency of the mass analyzer would be high, it was necessary to use the (80)Se on (76)Ge reaction rather than the standard (48)Ca on (108)Pd reaction. Because the recoil velocity of the (152)Dy residues was very high using this symmetric reaction (5% v/c), it was furthermore necessary to use a stack of two thin targets to reduce the Doppler broadening. Germanium targets are fragile and do not withstand high beam currents, therefore the (76)Ge target stacks were mounted on a rotating target wheel. A description of the (76)Ge target stack preparation will be presented and the target performance described. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Greene, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM greene@anl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 1152 EP 1154 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600275 ER PT S AU Greene, JP Gabor, R Neubauer, J AF Greene, JP Gabor, R Neubauer, J BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Temperature calculations of heat loads in rotating target wheels exposed to high beam currents SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB In heavy-ion physics, high beam currents can eventually melt or destroy the target. Tightly focused beams on stationary targets of modest melting point will exhibit short lifetimes. Defocused or "wobbled" beams are employed to enhance target survival. Rotating targets using large diameter wheels can help overcome target melting and allow for higher beam currents to be used in experiments. The purpose of the calculations in this work is to try and predict the safe maximum beam currents which produce heat loads below the melting point of the target material. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Greene, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 1155 EP 1158 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600276 ER PT S AU Back, CA Davis, JL Gran, J Landen, OL Miller, MC Suter, LJ AF Back, CA Davis, JL Gran, J Landen, OL Miller, MC Suter, LJ BE Kyrala, GA Gauthier, JCJ TI Multi-kilovolt x-ray conversion efficiencies SO APPLICATIONS OF X RAYS GENERATED FROM LASERS AND OTHER BRIGHT SOURCES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Applications of X Rays Generated from Lasers and Other Bright Sources II Conference CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE multi-keV X-ray conversion efficiency; L-shell emission; laser-produced plasma; backlight source ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; EMISSION; TARGETS; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY AB X-ray sources in the 3-7 keV energy regime can be produced by laser-irradiating mid- and high-Z gas-filled targets with high-powered lasers. A series of experiments have been performed using underdense targets that are supersonically heated with similar to 35 0 of 0.35 in laser light. These targets were cylindrical Be enclosures that were filled with 1-2 atms of Xe or Ar gas. L-shell x-ray emission is emitted from the plasma and detected by Bragg crystal spectrometers and x-ray diodes. Absolute flux measurements show conversion efficiencies of similar to 10% in the multi-kilovolt x-ray emission. These sources can be used as bright x-ray backlighters or for material testing. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Back, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-21,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4218-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4504 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1117/12.448458 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT91V UT WOS:000174432000017 ER PT S AU Workman, J Kyrala, GA AF Workman, J Kyrala, GA BE Kyrala, GA Gauthier, JCJ TI Scaling of x-ray K-shell sources from laser-solid interactions SO APPLICATIONS OF X RAYS GENERATED FROM LASERS AND OTHER BRIGHT SOURCES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Applications of X Rays Generated from Lasers and Other Bright Sources II Conference CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray; conversion efficiency; x-ray yield; x-ray imaging; laser plasma; x-ray spectra ID PLASMA; BRIGHTNESS; TARGETS; SHOCK AB The application of x-ray sources to imaging of dense objects is a standard technique. The quality of the x-ray image depends both on the x-ray source wavelength and on the flux. To improve the flux of the x-ray source it is important to understand how the conversion efficiency scales with laser irradiance and target material. We present measurements of x-ray conversion efficiency in solid Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn and Ge targets as a function of the laser irradiance using the OMEGA laser facility. The results show a steep decrease in the conversion efficiency with increasing Z while the scaling of conversion efficiency with laser irradiance can show a peak. Values for x-ray yield are determined using time-integrated crystal spectrometer data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Workman, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop E-526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4218-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4504 BP 168 EP 179 DI 10.1117/12.448463 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT91V UT WOS:000174432000021 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, R Millard, CS Champion, K Clark, DP Donnelly, MI AF Chatterjee, R Millard, CS Champion, K Clark, DP Donnelly, MI TI Mutation of the ptsC gene results in increased production of succinate in fermentation of glucose by Escherichia coli SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ACID; DEHYDROGENASE; ENZYME; OVEREXPRESSION; EXPRESSION; GROWTH AB Escherichia coli NZN111 is blocked in the ability to grow fermentatively on glucose but gave rise spontaneously to a mutant that had this ability. The mutant carries out a balanced fermentation of glucose to give approximately 1 mol of succinate, 0.5 mol of acetate, and 0.5 mol of ethanol per mol of glucose. The causative mutation was mapped to the ptsG gene, which encodes the membrane-hound, glucose-specific permease of the phosphotransferase system, protein EIICBglc. Replacement of the chromosomal ptsG gene with an insertionally inactivated form also restored growth on glucose and resulted in the same distribution of fermentation products. The physiological characteristics of the spontaneous and null mutants were consistent with loss of function of the ptsG gene product; the mutants possessed greatly reduced glucose phosphotransferase activity and lacked normal glucose repression. Introduction of the null mutant into strains not blocked in the ability to ferment glucose also increased succinate production in those strains. This phenomenon was widespread, occurring in different lineages off. coli, including E. coli B. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Microbiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Donnelly, MI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 200 Rm BE111,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 34 TC 132 Z9 153 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 67 IS 1 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.1.148-154.2001 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 387YU UT WOS:000166151300019 PM 11133439 ER PT J AU Dunbar, J Ticknor, LO Kuske, CR AF Dunbar, J Ticknor, LO Kuske, CR TI Phylogenetic specificity and reproducibility and new method for analysis of terminal restriction fragment profiles of 16S rRNA genes from bacterial communities SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHANOGENIC ARCHAEAL COMMUNITY; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SOILS; AMPLIFICATION AB Terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis of 16S rRNA genes is an increasingly popular method for rapid comparison of microbial communities, but analysis of the data is still in a developmental stage. We assessed the phylogenetic resolution and reproducibility of TRF profiles in order to evaluate the limitations of the method, and we developed an essential analysis technique to improve the interpretation of TRF data. The theoretical phylogenetic resolution of TRF profiles was determined based on the specificity of TRFs predicted from 3,908 16S rRNA gene sequences. With sequences from the Proteobacteria or gram-positive division, as much as 73% of the TRFs were phylogenetically specific (representing strains from at most two general. However, the fraction decreased when sequences from the two divisions were combined. The data show that phylogenetic inference sill be most effective if TRF profiles represent only a single bacterial division or smaller group. The analytical precision of the TRF method was assessed by comparing nine replicate profiles of a single soil DNA sample. Despite meticulous care in producing the replicates, numerous small, irreproducible peaks were observed. As many as 85% of the 169 distinct TRFs found among the profiles were irreproducible (i.e., not present in all nine replicates). Substantial variation also occurred in the height of synonymous peaks. To make comparisons of microbial communities more reliable, we developed an analytical procedure that reduces variation and extracts a reproducible subset of data from replicate TRF profiles. The procedure can also be used with other DNA fingerprinting techniques for microbial communities or microbial genomes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Environm Mol Biol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safety Assessment Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dunbar, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Environm Mol Biol Grp, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 380 Z9 412 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 67 IS 1 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.1.190-197.2001 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 387YU UT WOS:000166151300025 PM 11133445 ER PT J AU Sturchio, NC Banner, JL Binz, CM Heraty, LB Musgrove, M AF Sturchio, NC Banner, JL Binz, CM Heraty, LB Musgrove, M TI Radium geochemistry of ground waters in Paleozoic carbonate aquifers, midcontinent, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SALINE GROUNDWATERS; RESERVOIR ROCKS; UNITED-STATES; URANIUM; BRINES; SR; TEMPERATURES; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; MISSOURI AB The purpose of this study was to elucidate the processes controlling the distribution and behavior of the longer-lived Ra isotopes in continuous Paleozoic carbonate aquifers of parts of Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Activities of (Ra-228) and (Ra-226) were analyzed in fresh and saline ground waters, brines, and rocks. The fluids have a wide salinity range (200-250,000 mg l(-1) total dissolved solids). The (Ra-226) activity ranges from 0.66-7660 dpm kg(-1) and correlates with salinity and other alkaline earth element (Ca, Sr, and Ba) concentrations. The range of (Ra-228:Ra-226) ratios in the fluids (0.06-1.48) is similar to that in the aquifer rocks (0.21-1.53). The relatively low mean fluid (Ra-228:Ra-226) ratio (0.30) reflects the low Th:U ratio of the predominant carbonate aquifer rock. Radium occurs mostly (greater than or equal to 77%) as Ra2+ species in the fluids. Salinity-dependent sorption-desorption processes (with log K values from 10(0)-10(4) and negatively correlated with salinity), involving Th-enriched surface coatings on aquifer flow channels, can explain the rapid solid-fluid transfer of Ra isotopes in the system and the correlation of Ra with salinity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Loras Coll, Dept Chem, Dubuque, IA 52001 USA. RP Sturchio, NC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Banner, Jay/C-8676-2011; OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864 NR 64 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(00)00014-7 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 372XQ UT WOS:000165259700008 ER PT J AU Poluektov, OG Utschig, LM Tang, J Dubinski, AA Schlesselman, S Thurnauer, MC AF Poluektov, OG Utschig, LM Tang, J Dubinski, AA Schlesselman, S Thurnauer, MC TI High-frequency EPR approach to the electron spin-polarization effects observed in the photosynthetic reaction Centers SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES R-26; RADICAL PAIRS; PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; HIGH-FIELD; SPECTROSCOPY; MODEL; EXCHANGE; SPECTRA AB Time-resolved high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was applied to study the structure and dynamics of the electron transfer pathways in the photosynthetic RC proteins. When the spin-polarized EPR spectra are recorded at the high field, the singlet-triplet mixing in the radical pairs becomes faster due to the increase of Zeeman interaction, and a sequential electron transfer polarization model, which includes both the primary and secondary radical pairs, should be considered. Application of the sequential electron transfer polarization model For the interpretation of the bacterial RC proteins with a "slow" electron transfer rate reveals the importance of the protein dynamics. It was shown that the reorganization energy for the electron transfer process between P(865)(+)H(-)Q(A) and P(865)(+)HQ(A)(-), but not the change in the structure of the donor-acceptor complex, is a dominant factor that alters the electron transfer rate. The relaxation data, obtained in the delay after laser flash experiment, have been used to estimate the magnetic interaction in the weakly coupled radical pair. High-frequency spin-polarized EPR spectra allow the quantitative characterization of isotopically labeled quinone exchange in the PS I reaction center proteins. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Phys, Moscow 117977, Russia. RP Poluektov, OG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Tang, Jau/D-8382-2012 OI Tang, Jau/0000-0003-2078-1513 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 311 EP 323 DI 10.1007/BF03162410 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 522ZT UT WOS:000173927400006 ER PT J AU Mirkarimi, PB Baker, SL Montcalm, C Folta, JA AF Mirkarimi, PB Baker, SL Montcalm, C Folta, JA TI Recovery of multilayer-coated Zerodur and ULE optics for extreme-ultraviolet lithography by recoating, reactive-ion etching, and wet-chemical processes SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY MIRRORS; REFLECTIVE COATINGS; MO-SI; PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; SCATTERING; MO/SI; FILMS AB Extreme-ultraviolet lithography requires expensive multilayer-coated Zerodur or ULE optics with extremely tight figure and finish specifications. Therefore it is desirable to develop methods to recover these optics if they are coated with a nonoptimum multilayer films or in the event that the coating deteriorates over time owing to long-term exposure to radiation, corrosion, or surface contamination. We evaluate recoating, reactive-ion etching, and wet-chemical techniques for the recovery of Mo/Si and Mo/Be multilayer films upon Zerodur and ULE test optics. The recoating technique was successfully employed in the recovery of Mo/Si-coated optics but has the drawback of limited applicability. A chlorine-based reactive-ion etch process was successfully used to recover Mo/Si-coated optics, and a particularly large process window was observed when ULE optics were employed; this is an advantageous for large, curved optics. Dilute HCl wet-chemical techniques were developed and successfully demonstrated for the recovery of Mo/Be-coated optics as well as for Mo/Si-coated optics when Mo/Be release layers were employed; however, there are questions about the extendability of the HCl process to large optics and multiple coat and strip cycles. The technique of using carbon barrier layers to protect the optic during removal of Mo/Si in HF:HNO3 also showed promise. OCIS codes: 230.4170, 220.4610, 240.0240, 310.0310, 110.3960, 260.7200. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mirkarimi, PB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, MS L-395,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mirkarimil@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1364/AO.40.000062 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 388VB UT WOS:000166202800006 PM 18356974 ER PT J AU Cochrane, K Bailey, JE Lake, P Carlson, A AF Cochrane, K Bailey, JE Lake, P Carlson, A TI Wavelength-dependent measurements of optical-fiber transit time, material dispersion, and attenuation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB A new, to our knowledge, method for measuring the wavelength dependence of the transit time, material dispersion, and attenuation of an optical fiber is described. We inject light from a 4-ns rise-time pulsed broadband flash lamp into fibers of various lengths and record the transmitted signals with a time-resolved spectrograph. Segments of data spanning a range of approximately 3000 Angstrom are recorded from a single flash-lamp pulse. Comparison of data acquired with short and long fibers enables the determination of the transit time and the material dispersion as functions of wavelength dependence for the entire recorded spectrum simultaneously. The wavelength-dependent attenuation is also determined from the signal intensities. The method is demonstrated with experiments using a step-index 200-mum- diameter SiO2 fiber. The results agree with the transit time determined from the bulk glass refractive index to within +/-0.035% for the visible (4000-7200-Angstrom) spectrum and 0.12% for the UV (2650-40005-Angstrom) spectrum and with the attenuation specified by the fiber manufacturer to within +/-10%. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 060.2300, 060.2310. C1 K Tech Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cochrane, K (reprint author), K Tech Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM jebaile@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1364/AO.40.000150 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 388VB UT WOS:000166202800018 PM 18356986 ER PT S AU Gropp, B AF Gropp, B BE Sorevik, T Manne, F Moe, R Gebremedhin, AH TI Solving CFD problems with open source parallel libraries SO APPLIED PARALLEL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS: NEW PARADIGMS FOR HPC IN INDUSTRY AND ACADEMIA SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing (PARA 2000) CY JUN 18-20, 2000 CL BERGEN, NORWAY SP City of Bergen, Res Council Norway, Sun Microsyst AS, SGI Norge AS, Univ Bergen C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41729-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 1947 BP 52 EP 52 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BS85J UT WOS:000171231400008 ER PT S AU Amestoy, PR Duff, IS L'Excellent, JY Koster, J AF Amestoy, PR Duff, IS L'Excellent, JY Koster, J BE Sorevik, T Manne, F Moe, R Gebremedhin, AH TI MUMPS: A general purpose distributed memory sparse solver SO APPLIED PARALLEL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS: NEW PARADIGMS FOR HPC IN INDUSTRY AND ACADEMIA SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing (PARA 2000) CY JUN 18-20, 2000 CL BERGEN, NORWAY SP City of Bergen, Res Council Norway, Sun Microsyst AS, SGI Norge AS, Univ Bergen AB MUMPS is a public domain software package for the multifrontal solution of large sparse linear systems on distributed memory computers. The matrices can be symmetric positive definite, general symmetric, or unsymmetric, and possibly rank deficient. MUMPS exploits parallelism coming from the sparsity in the matrix and parallelism available for dense matrices. Additionally, large computational tasks are divided into smaller subtasks to enhance parallelism. MUMPS uses a distributed dynamic scheduling technique that allows numerical pivoting and the migration of computational tasks to lightly loaded processors. Asynchronous communication is used to overlap communication with computation. In this paper, we report on recently integrated features and illustrate the present performance of the solver on an SGI Origin 2000 and a CRAY T3E. C1 IRIT, ENSEEIHT, F-31071 Toulouse, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CERFACS, F-31057 Toulouse, France. NAG LTD, Oxford OX2 8DR, England. Univ Bergen, Parallab, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Amestoy, PR (reprint author), IRIT, ENSEEIHT, 2 Rue Camichel, F-31071 Toulouse, France. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41729-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 1947 BP 121 EP 130 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BS85J UT WOS:000171231400016 ER PT J AU Moore, DS Gahagan, KT Reho, JH Funk, DJ Buelow, SJ Rabie, RL Lippert, T AF Moore, DS Gahagan, KT Reho, JH Funk, DJ Buelow, SJ Rabie, RL Lippert, T TI Ultrafast nonlinear optical method for generation of planar shocks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN INTERFEROMETER; TRANSPARENT MATERIALS; LASER; DIELECTRICS; PHASE; AMPLITUDE; BREAKDOWN AB Planar shocks generated by short pulse lasers are useful in studies of shock compression phenomena and may have applications in materials science, biology, and medicine. We have found the fluence profiles of 120-400 fs duration Gaussian spatial mode incident laser pulses are reproducibly flattened via surface optical breakdown and Kerr focusing in thin dielectric substrates at fluences just above the ablation threshold. These flat laser profiles have been used to produce planar shocks that are flat to 0.7 nm root-mean-square over a 75-100 mum diameter. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Moore, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013; Lippert, Thomas/N-2423-2016 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 1 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.1063/1.1337629 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387KP UT WOS:000166122000014 ER PT J AU Han, J Waldrip, KE Lee, SR Figiel, JJ Hearne, SJ Petersen, GA Myers, SM AF Han, J Waldrip, KE Lee, SR Figiel, JJ Hearne, SJ Petersen, GA Myers, SM TI Control and elimination of cracking of AlGaN using low-temperature AlGaN interlayers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAN; DISLOCATIONS; EVOLUTION; SAPPHIRE; GROWTH; STRESS AB We demonstrate that the insertion of low-temperature AlGaN interlayers is effective in reducing mismatch-induced tensile stress and suppressing the formation of cracks during growth of high-temperature AlGaN directly upon GaN epilayers. Stress evolution and relaxation is monitored using an in situ optical stress sensor. The combination of in situ and ex situ characterization techniques enables us to determine the degree of pseudomorphism in the interlayers. It is observed that the elastic tensile mismatch between AlGaN and GaN is mediated by the relaxation of interlayers; the use of interlayers offers tunability in the in-plane lattice parameters. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.1063/1.1336812 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387KP UT WOS:000166122000023 ER PT J AU Haaland, DM Melgaard, DK AF Haaland, DM Melgaard, DK TI New classical least-squares/partial least-squares hybrid algorithm for spectral analyses SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared spectra; multivariate calibration; classical least-squares; CLS; partial least-squares; PLS; prediction-augmented classical least-squares; PACLS; CLS/PLS hybrid algorithm ID FT-IR SPECTRA; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; CALIBRATION METHODS AB A new classical least-squares/partial least-squares (CLS/PLS) hybrid algorithm has been developed that demonstrates the best features of both the CLS and PLS algorithms during the analysis of spectroscopic data. By adding our recently reported prediction-augmented classical least-squares (PACLS) to the hybrid algorithm, we have the additional benefit that known or empirically derived spectral shape information can be incorporated into the hybrid algorithm to correct for the presence of unmodeled sources of spectral variation. A detailed step-by-step description of the new hybrid algorithm in calibration and prediction is presented. The powerful capabilities of the new PACLS/PLS hybrid are demonstrated for near-infrared spectra of dilute aqueous solutions containing the analytes urea, creatinine, and NaCl. The PACLS/PLS method is demonstrated to correct the detrimental effects of unmodeled solution temperature changes and spectrometer drift in the multivariate spectral calibration models. Initially, PLS and PACLS/PLS predictions of analytes from variable-temperature solution spectra were made with models based upon spectra previously taken of the samples at constant temperature. The presence of unmodeled temperature variations and system drift caused the prediction errors from these models to be inflated by more than an order of magnitude relative to the cross-validated errors from the calibrations. PLS achieved improved predictions of the variable-temperature spectra by adding spectra of a few variable-temperature samples into the original calibration data followed by recalibration. PACLS/PLS predictions were corrected for temperature variations and system drift by adding spectral differences of the same subset of samples collected under constant- and variable-temperature conditions to the PACLS prediction portion of the hybrid algorithm during either calibration or prediction. Comparisons of the prediction ability of the hybrid algorithm relative to the PLS method using the same calibration and subset information demonstrated hybrid prediction improvements that were significant at least at the 0.01 level for all three analytes. The new hybrid algorithm has widespread uses, some of which are also discussed in the paper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haaland, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 55 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1366/0003702011951353 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 400YM UT WOS:000166900300002 ER PT J AU Filippova, EM Fadeev, VV Chubarov, VV Dolenko, TA Glushkov, SM AF Filippova, EM Fadeev, VV Chubarov, VV Dolenko, TA Glushkov, SM TI Laser fluorescence spectroscopy as a method for studying humic substance SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE humic substances; fluorescence spectra; laser; fluorescence saturation spectroscopy ID COMPLICATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FULVIC-ACIDS; WATER; MARINE; DIAGNOSTICS; SPECTRA; MATTER AB This paper summarizes the results obtained by fluorescence spectroscopic techniques with conventional and laser light sources for the characterization of the spectral luminescent properties of aquatic humic substances (AHS). The band profiles of corrected absorption, fluorescence emission, and fluorescence excitation spectra are compared in graphical form with unique functions used for the axes. In order to calculate the quantum efficiency of fluorescence, we used the Raman signal from water molecules as an internal reference. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence spectra of humic matter has been recorded in solid (-160 degreesC to 0 degreesC) and in liquid (0 degreesC to +300 degreesC) aqueous solutions. The behavior of the fluorescence band shape is discussed. A new method of nonlinear fluorimetry is proposed to enhance the capabilities of fluorescence spectroscopy. This method is based on the fluorescence saturation effect manifesting itself under powerful laser pumping (excitation) conditions. The use of the technique allows one to determine certain photo-physical properties of molecules, as a complement to the normal spectral data. Using three different samples of aquatic humic substances with very similar fluorescence band shapes, it is demonstrated that these compounds have distinct molecular luminescent parameters and therefore. can be identified. The similarity of the fluorescence band shapes of humic substances in natural water of different types; the absence of any noticeable effect of temperature across a wide range and the fluorescence saturation on the fluorescence band contour can be explained. This assumes that in all of the samples of aquatic humic substances studied, with different molecular weight fractions, that there is a single dominant fluorescent functionality present. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys, Div Quantum Radiophys, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Filippova, EM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Dolenko, Tatiana/G-9076-2011 OI Dolenko, Tatiana/0000-0003-2884-8241 NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 13 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0570-4928 J9 APPL SPECTROSC REV JI Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 87 EP 117 DI 10.1081/ASR-100103091 PG 31 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 455BJ UT WOS:000170007400005 ER PT J AU Schultz, IR Orner, G Merdink, JL Skillman, A AF Schultz, IR Orner, G Merdink, JL Skillman, A TI Dose-response relationships and pharmacokinetics of vitellogenin in rainbow trout after intravascular administration of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol; vitellogenin; pharmacokinetics; intra-arterial injection; estrogen receptor; disposition ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; STW EFFLUENT; IDENTIFICATION; INDUCTION; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; PHARMACODYNAMICS; BIOMARKER AB A commonly used endpoint in bioassays testing the estrogenicity of chemicals is the induction of the egg yolk precursor vitellogenin (VTG) in male fish. However, relatively little is known about the kinetics of induction and elimination of VTG in fish exposed to xenoestrogens. In this study, we administered graded intra-arterial doses (0.001, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) of 17 alpha -ethynylestradiol (EE,) to male rainbow trout via a dorsal aortic cannula which allowed repetitive blood sampling from individual fish for up to 48 days after injection. The plasma concentrations of VTG was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure and the simultaneous concentrations of EE2 were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pattern of VTG induction was similar for all doses of EE2, with a 12-h lag-time before increase from basal levels (0.006-0.008 mug/ml), then increasing sharply to maximum levels within 7-9 days (C-max = 0.05, 711, 1521 and 2547 mug/ml VTG for the 0.001, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg doses, respectively). After induction by EE2 VTG declined mono-exponentially with an elimination half-life of 42-49 h. The half-life of VTG increased to 145 h in the 10 mg/kg treated fish. The pharmacokinetics of EE, were distinctly nonlinear with substantial increases in the elimination half-life with increasing dose. The plasma concentration-time profiles of EE, were influenced by enterohepatic recirculation that caused multiple or secondary peaks in the profiles. In a separate experiment, the pharmacokinetics of purified VTG was characterized after intra-arterial injection in trout. After direct injection of VTG, plasma levels declined tri-exponentially with an apparent steady-state volume of distribution of 837 ml/kg; total body clearance was 31.1 ml/h per kg, and the elimination half-life was 43.7 h. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle PNNL, Mol Biosci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Associated Western Univ, Richland, WA USA. Battelle PNNL, Environm Technol Div, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Schultz, IR (reprint author), Battelle PNNL, Mol Biosci Div, POB 999-P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Orner, Gayle/F-6876-2013 OI Orner, Gayle/0000-0002-4812-5297 NR 37 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 51 IS 3 BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(00)00118-1 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 377JU UT WOS:000165511100003 PM 11090892 ER PT S AU Buschelman, KR Gropp, WD McInnes, LC Smith, BF AF Buschelman, KR Gropp, WD McInnes, LC Smith, BF BE Boisvert, RF Tang, PTP TI PETSc and overture: Lessons learned developing an interface between components SO ARCHITECTURE OF SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Working Conference on the Architecture of Scientific Software CY OCT 02-04, 2000 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Int Federat Informat Processiong, TC2, WG2 5 DE components; interface; PETSc; overture; peer-to-peer interaction AB We consider two software packages that interact with each other as components: Overture and PETSc. An interface between these two packages could be of tremendous value to application developers in that Overture provides a simple mechanism for generating the large, sparse systems of linear equations that correspond to discretizations of a PDE, and PETSc provides a powerful collection of methods for solving these systems. Two types of interfaces are discussed: the internal interface between components, and the external interface for the application developer. We compare three basic approaches to developing the internal interface between Overture and PETSc, the final one of which is a peer to-peer model. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Buschelman, KR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 0-7923-7339-1 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2001 VL 60 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BS37Q UT WOS:000169679300004 ER PT S AU Epperly, T Kohn, S Kumfert, G AF Epperly, T Kohn, S Kumfert, G BE Boisvert, RF Tang, PTP TI Component technology for high-performance scientific simulation software SO ARCHITECTURE OF SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Working Conference on the Architecture of Scientific Software CY OCT 02-04, 2000 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Int Federat Informat Processiong, TC2, WG2 5 DE component technology; language interoperability; software repository; parallel high-performance scientific software AB We are developing scientific software component technology to manage the complexity of modern, parallel simulation software and increase the interoperability and re-use of scientific software packages. In this paper, we describe a language interoperability tool named Babel that enables the creation and distribution of language-independent software libraries using interface definition language (IDL) techniques. We have created a scientific IDL that focuses on the unique interface description needs of scientific software, such as complex numbers, dense multidimensional arrays, and parallel distributed objects. Preliminary results indicate that in addition to language interoperability, this approach provides useful tools for the design of modern object-oriented scientific software libraries. We also describe a web-based component repository called Alexandria that facilitates the distribution, documentation, and reuse of scientific components and libraries. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Epperly, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 0-7923-7339-1 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2001 VL 60 BP 69 EP 86 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BS37Q UT WOS:000169679300005 ER PT J AU Medland, VL Taylor, BE AF Medland, VL Taylor, BE TI Strategies of emergence from diapause for cyclopoid copepods in a temporary pond SO ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE cyclopoid copepod; temporary pond; cues; diapause; emergence; reserve population ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; FRESH-WATERS; RAINBOW BAY; TEMPERATURE; HABITAT; USA; TERMINATION; PHOTOPERIOD; ABUNDANCE; INDUCTION AB Many cyclopoid copepods employ diapause to survive periods of adverse conditions. Because emergence from diapause is irreversible, replenishment of the diapausing population depends on production of a new generation of diapausing animals. We hypothesized that cyclopoid copepods in Rainbow Bay, a temporary pond in South Carolina, USA, would use environmental cues to limit emergence to hydroperiods long enough to allow production of diapausing offspring. To test this hypothesis, we used classification trees to help us identify patterns of emergence. The data set included 16 hydroperiods over five years. From the emergence patterns for the copepods, we inferred five strategies: 1) emergence early in the hydroperiod in all seasons (Ancanthocyclops robustus and Microcyclops sp.); 2) emergence early in the hydroperiod in fall, winter, or spring (Diacyclops crassicaudis brachycercus and Diacyclops haueri); 3) emergence in spring, summer, or fall (Macrocyclops fuscus); 4) emergence in long photoperiod (Tropocyclops extensus); and 5) emergence in late summer (Mesocyclops americanus). We tested reliability of the inferred emergence strategies with a 15-yr record of 50 hydroperiods at the pond. Generally, the results do not support our hypothesis. For strategies 1-4, production of diapausing offspring was possible in only 50-61% of emergences, but in 13-14 of 15 yrs. For strategy 5, production of diapausing offspring was possible in 90% of emergences, but in only 8 of 15 yrs. We conclude that reserve populations of diapausing copepods must reduce the demographic impact of emergences into hydroperiods too short for production of diapausing offspring. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Medland, VL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, 2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-9136 J9 ARCH HYDROBIOL JI Arch. Hydrobiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 150 IS 2 BP 329 EP 349 PG 21 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 398BK UT WOS:000166735300009 ER PT S AU Vetter, PA AF Vetter, PA BE Budker, D Bucksbaum, PH Freedman, SJ TI Weak interactions of leptons and quarks using radioactive atomic beams SO ART AND SYMMETRY IN EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT FOR EUGENE D. COMMINS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ComminsFest Symposium on Art and Symmetry in Experimental Physics CY MAY 20-21, 2001 CL UNIC CALIF BERKELEY, PHYS DEPT, BERKELEY, CA HO UNIC CALIF BERKELEY, PHYS DEPT AB A major theme in Eugene Commins' career has been the use of atomic beam machines on radioactive isotopes, predominantly to study the Weak Interaction. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0040-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 596 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT70J UT WOS:000173805300002 ER PT S AU Perl, ML AF Perl, ML BE Budker, D Bucksbaum, PH Freedman, SJ TI Remarks on search methods for stable, massive, elementary particles SO ART AND SYMMETRY IN EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT FOR EUGENE D. COMMINS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ComminsFest Symposium on Art and Symmetry in Experimental Physics CY MAY 20-21, 2001 CL UNIC CALIF BERKELEY, PHYS DEPT, BERKELEY, CA HO UNIC CALIF BERKELEY, PHYS DEPT ID FRACTIONAL ELECTRIC CHARGE; DARK-MATTER; E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; HYDROGEN; LIMITS; WATER AB This paper was presented at the 69(th) birthday celebration of Professor Eugene Commins, honoring his research achievements. These remarks are about the experimental techniques used in the search for new stable, massive particles, particles at least as massive as the electron. A variety of experimental methods such as accelerator experiments, cosmic ray studies, searches for halo particles in the galaxy and searches for exotic particles in bulk matter are described. A summary is presented of the measured limits on the existence of new stable, massive particle. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Perl, ML (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0040-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 596 BP 156 EP 168 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT70J UT WOS:000173805300011 ER PT S AU Lu, ZT AF Lu, ZT BE Budker, D Bucksbaum, PH Freedman, SJ TI From helium-6 to krypton-81 SO ART AND SYMMETRY IN EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT FOR EUGENE D. COMMINS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ComminsFest Symposium on Art and Symmetry in Experimental Physics CY MAY 20-21, 2001 CL UNIC CALIF BERKELEY, PHYS DEPT, BERKELEY, CA HO UNIC CALIF BERKELEY, PHYS DEPT ID MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP AB A new method of ultrasensitive trace-isotope analysis has been developed based upon the technique of laser manipulation of neutral atoms. It has been used to Count individual Kr-85 and Kr-81 atoms present in a natural krypton sample with isotopic abundances in the range of 10(-11) and 10(113), respectively. The atom counts are free of contamination from other isotopes, elements, or molecules. The method is applicable to other trace-isotopes that can be efficiently captured with a magneto-optical trap, and has a broad range of potential applications. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lu, ZT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0040-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 596 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT70J UT WOS:000173805300012 ER PT S AU Perlmutter, S AF Perlmutter, S BE Budker, D Bucksbaum, PH Freedman, SJ TI Supernovae, dark energy, and the accelerating universe: What next? SO ART AND SYMMETRY IN EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT FOR EUGENE D. COMMINS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ComminsFest Symposium on Art and Symmetry in Experimental Physics CY MAY 20-21, 2001 CL UNIC CALIF BERKELEY, PHYS DEPT, BERKELEY, CA HO UNIC CALIF BERKELEY, PHYS DEPT ID STATE AB The recent supernova measurements of cosmological acceleration, together with the CMB and galaxy cluster measurements, raise new important questions: Do we have a reliable, consistent picture of cosmology? What is the identity of the previously unknown energy that is causing the acceleration? To address these questions, we are designing a new supernova experiment using a satellite with a telescope (called "SNAP," for SuperNova / Acceleration Probe). The goal of this project is to measure the expansion history of the universe at a 1%-2% level of precision. The various theories of the accelerating energy predict different histories of decelerations and accelerations in the universe's expansion. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Perlmutter, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50-232, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0040-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 596 BP 253 EP 274 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT70J UT WOS:000173805300019 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, S Baas, NA Mayer, B Nilsson, M Olesen, MW AF Rasmussen, S Baas, NA Mayer, B Nilsson, M Olesen, MW TI Ansatz for dynamical hierarchies SO ARTIFICIAL LIFE LA English DT Article DE self-assembly; self-organization; evolution; robustness; complexity measures; emergence ID SELF-REPRODUCTION; MICELLES; ORGANIZATION; AUTOPOIESIS; SIMULATIONS; AUTOMATA AB Complex, robust functionalities can be generated naturally in at least two ways: by the assembly of structures and by the evolution of structures. This work is concerned with spontaneous formation of structures. We define the notion of dynamical hierarchies in natural systems and show the importance of this particular kind of organization for living systems. We then define a framework that enables us to formulate, investigate, and manipulate such dynamical hierarchies. This framework allows us to simultaneously investigate different levels of description together with them interrelationship, which is necessary to understand the nature of dynamical hierarchies. Our framework is then applied to a concrete and very simple formal, physicochemical, dynamical hierarchy involving water and monomers at level one, polymers and water at level two, and micelles (polymer aggregates) and water at level three. Formulating this system as a simple two-dimensional molecular dynamics (MD) lattice gas allows us within one dynamical system to demonstrate the successive emergence of two higher levels (three levels all together) of robust structures with associated properties. Second, we demonstrate how the framework for dynamical hierarchies can be used for realistic (predictive) physicochemical simulation of molecular self-assembly and self-organization processes. We discuss the detailed process of micellation using the three-dimensional MD lattice gas. Finally, from these examples we can infer principles about formal dynamical hierarchies. We present an ansatz for how to generate robust, higher-order emergent properties in formal dynamical systems that is based on a conjecture of a necessary minimal complexity within the fundamental interacting structures once a particular simulation framework is chosen. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, TCNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. NTNU, Dept Math Sci, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Univ Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Tech Univ Denmark, Inst Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Rasmussen, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-6,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI nilsson jacobi, martin/C-9296-2012 NR 55 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1064-5462 J9 ARTIF LIFE JI Artif. Life PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 329 EP 353 DI 10.1162/106454601317296988 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 530QH UT WOS:000174370100002 PM 11911785 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, S Baas, NA Mayer, B Nilsson, M AF Rasmussen, S Baas, NA Mayer, B Nilsson, M TI Defense of the ansatz for dynamical hierarchies SO ARTIFICIAL LIFE LA English DT Article DE dynamical hierarchies; emergence; self-assembly; self-organization; complexity measures ID SIMULATION AB Gross and McMullin [Artificial Life, 7, 355-365] criticize the conclusions of our article on dynamical hierarchies [Artificial Life, 7, 329-353]. In this note we respond to their criticisms. After clarifying our ansatz, we argue that the simulations presented by Gross and McMullin present no evidence against the ansatz, in part because their simulations use a different simulation framework, and in pant because their simulations are no less complex than ours. We also clarify why the micelles in our simulations are third-order emergent structures, and why we emphasize realism in our simulation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. NTNU, Dept Math Sci, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Univ Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. RP Rasmussen, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-6,MS-T003,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI nilsson jacobi, martin/C-9296-2012 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1064-5462 J9 ARTIF LIFE JI Artif. Life PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1162/106454601317297004 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 530QH UT WOS:000174370100004 PM 11911787 ER PT S AU Warnick, W AF Warnick, W BE Aversa, E Manley, C TI The science information infrastructure: An integrated network for finding and using information about our physical world SO ASIST 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 64TH ASIST ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 38, 2001 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIST ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-Information-Science-and-Technology CY NOV 03-08, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Informat Sci Technol C1 US DOE, Germantown, MD USA. RP Warnick, W (reprint author), US DOE, Germantown, MD USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA SN 0044-7870 BN 1-57387-138-9 J9 P ASIST ANNU PY 2001 VL 38 BP 281 EP 289 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BU37V UT WOS:000175838000027 ER PT S AU Hodge, G Cotter, G Finch, W Frierson, E Molholm, K Shepanek, R Smith, K Warnick, W Carroll, B AF Hodge, G Cotter, G Finch, W Frierson, E Molholm, K Shepanek, R Smith, K Warnick, W Carroll, B BE Aversa, E Manley, C TI The Science.gov Alliance: Developing an interagency portal for science and technology SO ASIST 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 64TH ASIST ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 38, 2001 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIST ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-Information-Science-and-Technology CY NOV 03-08, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Informat Sci Technol C1 CENDI, Havertown, PA USA. Natl Biol Informat Infrastruct, Reston, VA USA. Natl Tech Informat Serv, Springfield, VA USA. Natl Agr Lib, Beltsville, MD USA. Def Tech Informat Ctr, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD USA. US DOE, Germantown, MD USA. CENDI, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Hodge, G (reprint author), CENDI, Havertown, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA SN 0044-7870 BN 1-57387-138-9 J9 P ASIST ANNU PY 2001 VL 38 BP 611 EP 611 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BU37V UT WOS:000175838000085 ER PT B AU Ryan, EM Werne, RW AF Ryan, EM Werne, RW GP ASQ ASQ TI The challenges of developing a quality management system in a research and development organization SO ASQ'S 55TH ANNUAL QUALITY CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Quality Congress CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Soc Qual, Int Inst Learning, Nortel Networks, ETQ, MINITAB, Smarter Solut, Achiever, George Grp DE quality; R&D; strategy AB Tailoring a quality management system to the specific needs of an organization is difficult to say the least. The existence of quality system models and standards help facilitate this process immensely. However, what does an organization do when its work is so unique that quality system models and standards for it do not exist? This and other obstacles are what the Nonproliferation, Arms Control, and International Security (NAI) Directorate at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), a world class R&D facility, encountered during its strategic initiatives to develop and integrate a new quality management system. This paper will answer this question to help similar initiatives by: Introducing NAI and its unique mission, organization, history, culture and the security environment in which it operates. Examining the obstacles to designing and integrating NAI's quality management system. Discussing the steps taken to ensure success of the strategic quality initiatives. Presenting the quality management system and plan that resulted from these efforts. Presenting the improvements in NAI and LLNL that resulted from these strategic initiatives. Presenting lessons learned and practical recommendations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Technol Engn Div, Pit Surveillance Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ryan, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Technol Engn Div, Pit Surveillance Program, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL PI MILWAUKEE PA 611 E WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 USA PY 2001 BP 134 EP 142 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BX68J UT WOS:000186110400018 ER PT J AU Nieh, TG AF Nieh, TG TI High strain rate, superplastic metal forming SO ASSEMBLY AUTOMATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE metal forming C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MCB U P LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0144-5154 J9 ASSEMBLY AUTOM JI Assem. Autom. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 490YD UT WOS:000172080500002 ER PT S AU Kamath, C Cantu-Paz, E Fodor, IK Tang, NA AF Kamath, C Cantu-Paz, E Fodor, IK Tang, NA BE Starck, JL Murtagh, FD TI Using data mining to find bent-double radio galaxies in the FIRST survey SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis CY AUG 02-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE data mining; astronomical surveys; radio-emitting galaxies AB In this paper, we describe the use of data mining techniques to search for radio-emitting galaxies with a bent-double morphology. In the past, astronomers from the FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm) survey identified these galaxies through visual inspection. This was not only subjective but also tedious as the on-going survey now covers 8000 square degrees, with each square degree containing about 90 galaxies. In this paper, we describe how data mining can be used to automate the identification of these galaxies. We discuss the challenges faced in defining meaningful features that represent the shape of a galaxy and our experiences with ensembles of decision trees for the classification of bent-double galaxies. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kamath, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4191-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4477 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.447166 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BT68L UT WOS:000173724200002 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Strauss, MA Richards, GT Newman, JA Becker, RH Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Davis, M White, RL Lupton, RH Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brunner, RJ Csabai, IN Doi, MM Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR McKay, TA Munn, JA Pier, JR Szalay, AS York, DG AF Fan, XH Strauss, MA Richards, GT Newman, JA Becker, RH Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Davis, M White, RL Lupton, RH Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brunner, RJ Csabai, IN Doi, MM Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR McKay, TA Munn, JA Pier, JR Szalay, AS York, DG TI High-redshift quasars found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. III. a color-selected sample at i* < 20 in the fall equatorial stripe SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : general; surveys ID LYMAN-LIMIT ABSORPTION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; DISTANT CLUSTERS; STELLAR OBJECTS; EMISSION-LINES; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES; SPECTRA; SYSTEM AB This is the third paper in a series aimed at finding high-redshift quasars from five-color (u'g'r'i'z') imaging data taken along the celestial equator by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) during its commissioning phase. In this paper, we first present the observations of 14 bright, high-redshift quasars (3.66 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 4.77, i* less than or similar to 20) discovered in the SDSS fall equatorial stripe, and the SDSS photometry of two previously known high-redshift quasars in the same region of the sky. Combined with the quasars presented in Paper I and by Schneider et al., we define a color-selected flux-limited sample of 39 quasars at 3.6 < z < 5.0 and i* less than or similar to 20, covering a total effective area of 182 deg(2). From this sample, we estimate the average spectral power-law slope in the rest-frame UV for quasars at z similar to 4 to be -0.79 with a standard deviation of 0.34, and the average rest-frame equivalent width of the Ly alpha + N v emission line to be 69 Angstrom with a standard deviation of 18 Angstrom. The selection completeness of this multicolor sample is determined from the model colors of high-redshift quasars, taking into account the distributions of emission-line strengths, intrinsic continuum slope, the line and continuum absorption from intervening material, and the effects of photometric errors. The average completeness of this sample is about 75%. The selection function calculated in this paper will be used to correct the incompleteness of this color-selected sample and to derive the high-redshift quasar luminosity function in a companion paper. In an appendix, we present the observations of an additional 18 faint quasars (3.57 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 4.80, 20.1 < i* < 20.8) discovered in the region on the sky that has been imaged twice. Several quasars presented in this paper exhibit interesting properties, including a radio-loud quasar at z = 4.77 and a narrow-line quasar (FWHM = 1500 km s(-1)) at z = 3.57. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009 OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150 NR 42 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 121 IS 1 BP 31 EP 53 DI 10.1086/318032 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 388GY UT WOS:000166173300004 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Becker, RH Davis, M Newman, JA Richards, GT White, RL Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brunner, RJ Csabai, IN Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Fukugita, M Kunszt, PZ Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR McKay, TA Munn, JA Pier, JR Szalay, AS York, DG AF Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Becker, RH Davis, M Newman, JA Richards, GT White, RL Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brunner, RJ Csabai, IN Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Fukugita, M Kunszt, PZ Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR McKay, TA Munn, JA Pier, JR Szalay, AS York, DG TI High-redshift quasars found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. IV. Luminosity function from the fall equatorial stripe sample SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : luminosity function; mass function; quasars : general; surveys ID COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; EVOLUTION; QSOS; Z-GREATER-THAN-4; UNIVERSE; GALAXIES; DENSITY AB This is the fourth paper in a series aimed at finding high-redshift quasars from five-color (u'g'r'i'z') imaging data taken along the celestial equator by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey during its commissioning phase. In this paper, we use the color-selected sample of 39 luminous high-redshift quasars presented in Paper III to derive the evolution of the quasar luminosity function over the range 3.6 < z < 5.0 and -27.5 < M-1450 < -25.5 (Ohm = 1, H-0 = 50 km s(-1) Mpc(-1)). We use the selection function derived in Paper III to correct for sample incompleteness. The luminosity function is estimated using three different methods: (1) the 1/V-a estimator; (2) a maximum likelihood solution, assuming that the density of quasars depends exponentially on redshift and as a power law in luminosity; and (3) Lynden-Bell's nonparametric C- estimator. All three methods yield consistent results. The luminous quasar density decreases by a factor of similar to6 from z = 3.5 to z = 5.0, consistent with the decline seen from several previous optical surveys at z < 4.5. The luminosity function follows (L) proportional to L-2.5 for z similar to 4 at the bright end, significantly flatter than the bright-end luminosity function psi (L) proportional to L-3.5 found in previous studies for z < 3, suggesting that the shape of the quasar luminosity function evolves with redshift as well, and that the quasar evolution from z = 2 to z = 5 cannot be described as pure luminosity evolution. Possible selection biases and the effect of dust extinction on the redshift evolution of the quasar density are also discussed. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009 OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150 NR 38 TC 338 Z9 339 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 121 IS 1 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1086/318033 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 388GY UT WOS:000166173300005 ER PT J AU Rudy, RJ Lynch, DK Mazuk, S Puetter, RC Dearborn, DSP AF Rudy, RJ Lynch, DK Mazuk, S Puetter, RC Dearborn, DSP TI The near-infrared spectrum of the planetary nebula IC 5117 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared radiation; planetary nebulae : individual (IC 5117) ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; RESOLUTION SPECTRA; ELECTRON-DENSITIES; LINE-INTENSITIES; ORION NEBULA; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; CO; CONTINUUM AB Infrared spectroscopy from 0.8 to 2.5 mum is presented for the planetary nebula IC 5117. The emission lines of IC 5117 span a wide range of ionization that includes He II, [S III], [S II], [N I], and H-2. The reddening measured from the hydrogen lines is E(B-V) = 0.79, most of which is probably interstellar in origin. The He/H abundance ratio is 0.113 +/- 0.015, with approximately 10% of the helium being doubly ionized. Using our measurements of [S II] and [S III] lines and published observations of [S IV], we find a sulfur abundance, relative to hydrogen, of N(S)/N(H) = 7.8 x 10(-6), or approximately half the solar value. Fluxes and flux limits for several lines of molecular hydrogen are presented. Measurements of 1-0 transitions, together with the limits on 2-1 transitions, indicate T-vib similar to T-rot = 1900 K, suggesting a purely collisional excitation mechanism. The ortho-to-para ratio is similar to3, a value that is also indicative of collisional excitation. The presence of [C I] lambda 9850 is consistent with previous studies of IC 5117 that indicated carbon is more abundant than oxygen. IC 5117 follows the trend of planetary nebulae that display bipolar outflows H-2 and emission to be carbon-rich. We confirm the results of Zhang & Kwok, who reported infrared continuum emission substantially in excess of that produced by the ionized gas. This emission is most likely due to hot dust (T similar to 1300 K) and accounts for roughly half of the continuum between 1.5 and 2 mum. C1 Aerospace Corp, Space Sci Applicat Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rudy, RJ (reprint author), Aerospace Corp, Space Sci Applicat Lab, M2-266, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 121 IS 1 BP 362 EP 370 DI 10.1086/318014 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 388GY UT WOS:000166173300029 ER PT J AU Arnaud, M Aghanim, N Gastaud, R Neumann, DM Lumb, D Briel, U Altieri, B Ghizzardi, S Mittaz, J Sasseen, TP Vestrand, WT AF Arnaud, M Aghanim, N Gastaud, R Neumann, DM Lumb, D Briel, U Altieri, B Ghizzardi, S Mittaz, J Sasseen, TP Vestrand, WT TI XMM-Newton observation of the Coma Galaxy cluster - The temperature structure in the central region SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : intergalactic medium; Cosmology : observations; Cosmology : dark matter; Cosmology : large-scale structure of the Universe; X-rays : general ID EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB We present a temperature map and a temperature profile of the central part (r < 20' or 1/4 virial radius) of the Coma cluster. We combined 5 overlapping pointings made with XMM/EPIC/MOS and extracted spectra in boxes of 3.5' x 3.5'. The temperature distribution around the two central galaxies is remarkably homogeneous (r < 10'), contrary to previous ASCA results, suggesting that the core is actually in a relaxed state. At larger distance from the cluster center we do see evidence for recent matter accretion. We confirm the cool area in the direction of NGC 4921, probably due to gas stripped from an infalling. group. We find ir;dications of a hot front in the South West, in the direction of NGC 4839, probably due to an adiabatic compression. C1 CEA, DSM, DAPNIA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France. CEA, DSM, DAPNIA Saclay, Serv Elect & Informat, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. European Space Agcy, Estec, Dept Space Sci, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. ESA, Dept Space Sci, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, Madrid 28080, Spain. CNR, IFC, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Catholic Univ Louvain, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Surrey, England. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93110 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP CEA, DSM, DAPNIA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, LOrme Merisiers,Bat 709, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM marnaud@discovery.saclay.cea.fr OI Ghizzardi, Simona/0000-0003-0879-7328; Altieri, Bruno/0000-0003-3936-0284 NR 22 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L67 EP L73 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000195 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300010 ER PT J AU Belsole, E Sauvageot, JL Bohringer, H Worrall, DM Matsushita, K Mushotzky, RF Sakelliou, I Molendi, S Ehle, M Kennea, J Stewart, G Vestrand, WT AF Belsole, E Sauvageot, JL Bohringer, H Worrall, DM Matsushita, K Mushotzky, RF Sakelliou, I Molendi, S Ehle, M Kennea, J Stewart, G Vestrand, WT TI An XMM-Newton study of the sub-structure in M 87's halo SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual : Virgo; galaxies : individual : M 87; radio continuum : galaxies; radio galaxies : individual : 3C 274; X-rays : galaxies ID PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; VIRGO CLUSTER; RADIO HALO; M87; GALAXIES; DISTANCE; MASS; GAS AB The high signal to noise and good point spread function of XMM have allowed the first detailed study of the interaction between the thermal and radio emitting plasma in the central regions of M 87. We show that the X-ray emitting structure, previously seen by ROSAT, is thermal in nature and that the east and southwest extensions in M 87's X-ray; halo have a significantly lower temperature (kT = 1.5 keV) than the surrounding ambient medium (kT = 2.3 keV). There is little or no evidence for non-thermal emission with an upper limit on the contribution of a power law component of spectral index flatter than 3 being less than 1% of the flux iu the region of the radio lobes. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Ist Fis Cosmica, I-20133 Milan, Italy. XMM Newton SOC, Madrid 28080, Spain. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Orme Merisiers,Bat 709, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM ebelsole@cea.fr NR 26 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L188 EP L194 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000239 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300030 ER PT J AU Bohringer, H Belsole, E Kennea, J Matsushita, K Molendi, S Worrall, DM Mushotzky, RF Ehle, M Guainazzi, M Sakelliou, I Stewart, G Vestrand, WT Dos Santos, S AF Bohringer, H Belsole, E Kennea, J Matsushita, K Molendi, S Worrall, DM Mushotzky, RF Ehle, M Guainazzi, M Sakelliou, I Stewart, G Vestrand, WT Dos Santos, S TI XMM-Newton observations of M 87 and its X-ray halo SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : M 87; galaxies : clusters : individual : Virgo; X-rays : galaxies; galaxies : active ID PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; HIGH-RESOLUTION; VIRGO CLUSTER; M87 JET; NUCLEUS; RADIO; BRIGHTNESS; TELESCOPE; GALAXIES; EMISSION AB We report performance verification observations of the giant elliptical galaxy M 87 in the Virgo Cluster with the MOS, pn, and optical monitor instruments on board of XMM-Newton. With the energy sensitive imaging instruments MOS and pn we obtain the first spatially constrained X-ray spectra of the nucleus and the jet of the galaxy. The good photon statistics of the pn and MOS allow a detailed analysis of the radial temperature and abundance distribution of 6 elements. The data provide no indication of a multi-temperature structure for radii greater than or equal to2'. An apparent sharp metal abundance drop deduced for the regions inside this radius is probably due to resonant line scattering. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Ist Fis Cosmica, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. ESA, XMM Newton SOC, VILSPA, Madrid 28080, Spain. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. OI Molendi, Silvano/0000-0002-2483-278X NR 35 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L181 EP L187 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000092 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300029 ER PT J AU Briel, UG Henry, JP Lumb, DH Arnaud, M Neumann, D Aghanim, N Gastaud, R Mittaz, JPD Sasseen, TP Vestrand, WT AF Briel, UG Henry, JP Lumb, DH Arnaud, M Neumann, D Aghanim, N Gastaud, R Mittaz, JPD Sasseen, TP Vestrand, WT TI A mosaic of the Coma cluster of galaxies with XMM-Newton SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coma; cluster of galaxies; intergalactic medium; large-scale structure of the Universe; X-rays ID ROSAT AB The Coma cluster of galaxies was observed with XMM-Newton in 12 partially overlapping pointings. We present here the resulting X-ray map in different energy bands and discuss the large scale structure of this cluster. Many point sources were found throughout the observed area, at least 11 of them are coincident with bright galaxies. We also give a hardness ratio map at the so far highest angular resolution obtained for a cluster of galaxies. In this map we found soft regions at the position of bright galaxies, little variation in the central 15 arcmin, but some harder regions north of the line NGC 4874 - NGC 4889. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. European Space Agcy, ESTEC, XMM Sci Operat Ctr, Div Space Sci, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 11, IAS, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. Mullard Space Sci Lab, Surrey RH6 6NT, England. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM ugb@mpe.mpg.de NR 19 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L60 EP L66 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000024 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300009 ER PT J AU den Herder, JW Brinkman, AC Kahn, SM Branduardi-Raymont, G Thomsen, K Aarts, H Audard, M Bixler, JV den Boggende, AJ Cottam, J Decker, T Dubbeldam, L Erd, C Goulooze, H Gudel, M Guttridge, P Hailey, CJ Al Janabi, K Kaastra, JS de Korte, PAJ van Leeuwen, BJ Mauche, C McCalden, AJ Mewe, R Naber, A Paerels, FB Peterson, JR Rasmussen, AP Rees, K Sakelliou, I Sako, M Spodek, J Stern, M Tamura, T Tandy, J de Vries, CP Welch, S Zehnder, A AF den Herder, JW Brinkman, AC Kahn, SM Branduardi-Raymont, G Thomsen, K Aarts, H Audard, M Bixler, JV den Boggende, AJ Cottam, J Decker, T Dubbeldam, L Erd, C Goulooze, H Gudel, M Guttridge, P Hailey, CJ Al Janabi, K Kaastra, JS de Korte, PAJ van Leeuwen, BJ Mauche, C McCalden, AJ Mewe, R Naber, A Paerels, FB Peterson, JR Rasmussen, AP Rees, K Sakelliou, I Sako, M Spodek, J Stern, M Tamura, T Tandy, J de Vries, CP Welch, S Zehnder, A TI The reflection grating spectrometer on board XMM-Newton SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE space vehicles; instruments; reflection gratings; XMM-Newton ID RAY; ARRAYS; CCDS AB The ESA X-ray Multi Mirror mission, XMM-Newton, carries two identical Reflection Crating Spectrometers (RGS) behind two of its three nested sets of Welter I type mirrors. The instrument allows high-resolution (E/DeltaE = 100 to 500) measurements in the soft X-ray range (6 to 38 Angstrom or 2.1 to 0.3 keV) with a maximum effective area of about 140 cm(2) at 15 Angstrom. Its design is optimized for the detection of the K-shell transitions of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, magnesium, and silicon, as well as the L shell transitions of iron. The present paper gives a full description of the design of the RGS and its operational modes. We also review details of the calibrations and in-orbit performance including the line spread function, the wavelength calibration, the effective area, and the instrumental background. C1 SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. European Space Agcy, Dept Space Sci, Div Astrophys, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP den Herder, JW (reprint author), SRON, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. RI Tamura, Takayuki/K-8236-2012; Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015 OI Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588 NR 15 TC 524 Z9 524 U1 3 U2 19 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L7 EP L17 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000058 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300003 ER PT J AU Mason, KO Breeveld, A Much, R Carter, M Cordova, FA Cropper, MS Fordham, J Huckle, H Ho, C Kawakami, H Kennea, J Kennedy, T Mittaz, J Pandel, D Priedhorsky, WC Sasseen, T Shirey, R Smith, P Vreux, JM AF Mason, KO Breeveld, A Much, R Carter, M Cordova, FA Cropper, MS Fordham, J Huckle, H Ho, C Kawakami, H Kennea, J Kennedy, T Mittaz, J Pandel, D Priedhorsky, WC Sasseen, T Shirey, R Smith, P Vreux, JM TI The XMM-Newton optical/UV monitor telescope SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE space vehicles : instruments; instrumentation : detectors; ultraviolet : general AB The XMM-OM instrument extends the spectral coverage of the XMM-Newton observatory into the ultraviolet and optical range. It provides imaging and time-resolved data on targets simultaneously with Observations in the EPIC and RGS. It also has the ability to track stars in its held of view, thus providing an improved post-facto aspect solution for the spacecraft. An overview of the XMM-OM and its operation is given, together with current information on the performance of the instrument. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. European Space Agcy, Dept Space Sci, Div Astrophys, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Univ Liege, Inst Astron & Geofis, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM kom@mssl.ucl.ac.uk OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138; Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586 NR 6 TC 265 Z9 265 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L36 EP L44 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000044 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300006 ER PT J AU Mittaz, JPD Kaastra, JS Tamura, T Fabian, AC Mushotzky, RF Peterson, JR Ikebe, Y Lumb, DH Paerels, F Stewart, G Trudolyubov, S AF Mittaz, JPD Kaastra, JS Tamura, T Fabian, AC Mushotzky, RF Peterson, JR Ikebe, Y Lumb, DH Paerels, F Stewart, G Trudolyubov, S TI UV observations of the galaxy cluster Abell 1795 with the optical monitor on XMM-Newton SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual Abell 1795; galaxies : stellar content; ultraviolet : galaxies ID RAY LUMINOUS CLUSTERS; COOLING FLOWS; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; CORES; DUST; GAS AB We present the results of an analysis of broad band UV observations of the central regions of Abell 1795 observed with the optical monitor on XMM-Newton. As have been found with other UV observations of the central regions of clusters of galaxies, we find evidence for star formation. However, we also find evidence for absorption in the cD galaxy on a more extended scale than has been seen with optical imaging. We also report the first UV observation of part of the filamentary structure seen in H alpha, X-rays and very deep U band imaging. The part of the filament we see is very blue with UV colours consistent with a very early (O/B) stellar population. This is the first direct evidence of a dominant population of early type stars at the centre of Abell 1795 and implies very recent star formation at the centre of this cluster. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Surrey, England. SRON, Space Res Lab, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. European Space Agcy, ESTEC, Div Astrophys, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mittaz, JPD (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Surrey, England. RI Tamura, Takayuki/K-8236-2012 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L93 EP L98 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000019 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300014 ER PT J AU Neumann, DM Arnaud, M Gastaud, R Aghanim, N Lumb, D Briel, UG Vestrand, WT Stewart, GC Molendi, S Mittaz, JPD AF Neumann, DM Arnaud, M Gastaud, R Aghanim, N Lumb, D Briel, UG Vestrand, WT Stewart, GC Molendi, S Mittaz, JPD TI The NGC 4839 group falling into the Coma cluster observed by XMM-Newton SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; intergalactic medium, general; Cosmology : observations; large-scale structure of the Universe; X-rays : general ID X-RAY; GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; PROFILES; DYNAMICS; ROSAT AB We present here the first analysis of the XMM-Newton EPIC-MOS data of the galaxy group around NGC 4839, which lies at a projected distance to the Coma cluster center of 1.6h(50)(-1) Mpc. In our analysis, which includes imaging, spectre-imaging and spectroscopy we find compelling evidence for the sub group being on its first infall onto the Coma cluster. The complex temperature structure around NGC 4839 is consistent with simulations of galaxies falling into a cluster environment. We see indications of a bow shuck and of ram pressure stripping around NGC 4839. Furthermore our data reveal a displacement between NGC 4839 and the center of the hot gas in the group of about 300h(50)(-1) kpc. With a simple approximation we can explain this displacement by the pressure force originating from the infall, which acts much stronger on the group gas than on the galaxies. C1 CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, SEI, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 11, IAS, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. European Space Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87454 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. CNR, IFC, I-20133 Milan, Italy. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Neumann, DM (reprint author), CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, LOrme Merisiers,Bat 709, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM ddon@cea.fr OI Molendi, Silvano/0000-0002-2483-278X NR 27 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L74 EP L79 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000182 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300011 ER PT J AU Page, MJ Mason, KO Carrera, FJ Clavel, J Kaastra, JS Puchnarewicz, EM Santos-Lleo, M Brunner, H Ferrigno, C George, IM Paerels, F Pounds, KA Trudolyubov, SP AF Page, MJ Mason, KO Carrera, FJ Clavel, J Kaastra, JS Puchnarewicz, EM Santos-Lleo, M Brunner, H Ferrigno, C George, IM Paerels, F Pounds, KA Trudolyubov, SP TI The variable XMM-Newton spectrum of Markarian 766 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies : Seyfert; X-rays : general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES; X-RAY-EMISSION; ACCRETION DISK; BLACK-HOLE; VARIABILITY; MCG-6-30-15; LINES AB The narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 766 was observed for GO ks with the XMM-Newton observatory. The source shows a complex X-ray spectrum. The 2-10 keV spectrum can be adequately represented by a power law and broad Fe Ka emission. Between 0.7 and 2 keV the spectrum is harder and exhibits a flux deficit with respect to the extrapolated medium energy slope. Below 0.7 keV, however, there is a strong excess of emission. The RGS spectrum shows an edge-like feature at 0.7 keV; the energy of this feature is inconsistent with that expected for an OVII edge from a warm absorber, Mrk 766 varies by a factor of similar to2 in overall count rate in the EPIC and RGS instruments on a timescale of a few thousand seconds, while no significant flux changes are observed in the ultraviolet with the Oh I. The X-ray variability is spectrally dependent with the largest amplitude variability occurring ill the 0.4-2 keV band. The spectral variability can be explained by a change in flux and slope of the medium energy continuum emission, superimposed on a less variable (or constant) low energy emission component. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Cantabria, Inst Fis Cantabria, CSIC, E-39005 Santander, Spain. ESA, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, Div Astrophys, Dept Space Sci, Madrid 28080, Spain. SRON, Space Res Lab, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray Astron Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, MJ (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM mjp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Ferrigno, Carlo/H-4139-2012 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L152 EP L157 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000240 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300024 ER PT J AU Pietsch, W Roberts, TP Sako, M Freyberg, MJ Read, AM Borozdin, KN Branduardi-Raymont, G Cappi, M Ehle, M Ferrando, P Kahn, SM Ponman, TJ Ptak, A Shirey, RE Ward, M AF Pietsch, W Roberts, TP Sako, M Freyberg, MJ Read, AM Borozdin, KN Branduardi-Raymont, G Cappi, M Ehle, M Ferrando, P Kahn, SM Ponman, TJ Ptak, A Shirey, RE Ward, M TI XMM-Newton observations of NGC 253: Resolving the emission components in the disk and nuclear area SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays : galaxies; galaxies : individual : NGC 253; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : starburst; interstellar medium : jets and outflows ID GALAXY NGC 253; NEARBY SPIRAL GALAXIES; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; STARBURST GALAXIES; GALACTIC SUPERWINDS; HOT GAS; HALO; RESOLUTION; SPECTRA AB We describe the first XMM-Newton observations of the starburst galaxy NGC 253. As known from previous X-ray observations, NGC 253 shows a mixture of extended (disk and halo) and point-source emission. The high XMM-Newton throughput allows a detailed investigation of the spatial, spectral and variability properties of these components simultaneously. We characterize the brightest sources by their hardness ratios, detect a bright X-ray transient similar to 70" SSW of the nucleus, and show the spectrum and light curve of the brightest point source ( similar to 30" SSW of the nucleus, most likely a black-hole X-ray binary, BHXRB). The unresolved emission of two disk regions can be modeled by two thin thermal plasma components (temperatures of similar to0.13 and 0.4 keV) plus residual harder emission: with the lower temperature component originating from above the disk. The nuclear spectrum can be modeled by a three temperature plasma (similar to0.6, 0.9, and 6 keV) with the higher temperatures increasingly absorbed. The high temperature component most likely originates from the starburst nucleus, as no non-thermal component, that would point at a significant contribution from an active nucleus (AGN), is needed. Assuming that typeIIa supernova remnants (SNRs) are mostly responsible for the E > 4 keV emission, the detection with EPIC of the 6.7 keV line allows us to estimate a supernova rate within the nuclear starburst of 0.2 yr(-1) The unprecedented combination of RGS and EPIC also sheds new light on the emission of the complex nuclear region, the X-ray plume and the disk diffuse emission. In particular, EPIC images reveal that the limb-brightening of the plume is mostly seen in higher ionization emission lines, while in the lower ionization lines, and below 0.5 keV, the plume is more homogeneously structured. The plume spectrum can again be modeled by a three temperature thermal plasma containing the two low temperature nuclear components (though less absorbed) plus an unabsorbed 0.15 keV component similar to the disk spc ci-ra. This points to new interpretations as to the make up of the starburst-driven outflow. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. CNR, Ist Tesre, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. XMM Newton SOC, Madrid 28080, Spain. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM wnp@mpe.mpg.de RI Ptak, Andrew/D-3574-2012; Cappi, Massimo/F-4813-2015; OI Cappi, Massimo/0000-0001-6966-8920 NR 24 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L174 EP L180 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000068 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300028 ER PT J AU Ramsay, G Poole, T Mason, K Cordova, F Priedhorsky, W Breeveld, A Much, R Osborne, J Pandel, D Potter, S West, J Wheatley, P AF Ramsay, G Poole, T Mason, K Cordova, F Priedhorsky, W Breeveld, A Much, R Osborne, J Pandel, D Potter, S West, J Wheatley, P TI First XMM-Newton observations of a cataclysmic variable I: Timing studies of OY Car SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : eclipsing; stars : individual : OY Car; novae, cataclysmic variables; X-rays : stars ID NOVA HT CASSIOPEIAE; X-RAY ECLIPSE; DWARF; CARINAE; QUIESCENCE; DISCOVERY; STARS; FLUX AB We present XMM-Newton observations of the eclipsing, disc accreting, cataclysmic variable OY Car which were obtained as part of the performance verification phase of the mission. The star was observed 4 days after an outburst and then again 5 weeks later when it way in a quiescent state. There is a quasi-stable modulation of the X-rays at similar to 2240 s, which is most prominent at the lowest energies. We speculate that this may be related to the spin period of the white dwarf. The duration of the eclipse ingress and egress in X-rays is 20-30 s. This indicates that the bulk of the X-ray emission originates from the boundary layer which has a negligible height above the surface of the white dwarf. The eclipse profile implies a white dwarf of mass M-1 = 0.9-1.1 M. and a secondary star of M-2 = 0.08-0.11 M.. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Estec, Div Astrophys, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. RP UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM gtbr@mssl.ucl.ac.uk NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L288 EP L293 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000039 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300047 ER PT J AU Sako, M Kahn, SM Behar, E Kaastra, JS Brinkman, AC Boller, T Puchnarewicz, EM Starling, R Liedahl, DA Clavel, J Santos-Lleo, M AF Sako, M Kahn, SM Behar, E Kaastra, JS Brinkman, AC Boller, T Puchnarewicz, EM Starling, R Liedahl, DA Clavel, J Santos-Lleo, M TI Complex resonance absorption structure in the X-ray spectrum of IRAS 13349+2438 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; line : formation; techniques : spectroscopic; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual : IRAS 13349+2438; X-rays : galaxies ID QUASAR IRAS 13349+2438; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES; XMM-NEWTON; INTRINSIC ABSORPTION; GRATING SPECTROMETER; WARM ABSORBER; ULTRAVIOLET; LINES; TELESCOPE AB The luminous infrared-loud quasar IRAS 13349+2438 was observed with the XMM-Newton Observatory as part of the Performance Verification program. The spectrum obtained by the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) exhibits broad (v similar to 1400 km s(-1) FWHM) absorption lines from highly ionized elements including hydrogen- and helium-like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and neon, and several iron L-shell ions (FeXVII XX). Also shown in the spectrum is the first astrophysical detection of a broad absorption feature around lambda = 16-17 Angstrom identified as an unresolved transition array (UTA) of 2p-3d inner-shell absorption by iron M-shell ions in a much cooler medium; a feature that might be misidentified as an O VII edge when observed with moderate resolution spectrometers. No absorption edges are clearly detected in the spectrum. We demonstrate that the RGS spectrum of IRAS 13349+2438 exhibits absorption lines from at least two distinct regions, one of which is tentatively associated with the medium that produces the optical/UV reddening. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. ESA, XMM Sci Operat, Div Astrophys, Dept Space Sci, Madrid 28080, Spain. RP Sako, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM masao@astro.columbia.edu NR 32 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L168 EP L173 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000081 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300027 ER PT J AU Shirey, R Soria, R Borozdin, K Osborne, JP Tiengo, A Guainazzi, M Hayter, C La Palombara, N Mason, K Molendi, S Paerels, F Pietsch, W Priedhorsky, W Read, AM Watson, MG West, RG AF Shirey, R Soria, R Borozdin, K Osborne, JP Tiengo, A Guainazzi, M Hayter, C La Palombara, N Mason, K Molendi, S Paerels, F Pietsch, W Priedhorsky, W Read, AM Watson, MG West, RG TI The central region of M 31 observed with XMM-Newton I. Group properties and diffuse emission SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : M 31; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : general; galaxies : ISM; X-rays : galaxies ID PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; M31; POPULATION AB We present the results of a study based on an XMM-Newton Performance Verification observation of the central 30' of the nearby spiral galaxy M 31. In the 34-ks European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) exposure, we detect 116 sources down to a limiting luminosity of 6 10(35) erg s(-1) (0.3-12 keV, d = 760 kpc). The luminosity distribution of the sources detected with XMM-Newton flattens at luminosities below similar to2.5 10(37) erg s(-1). We make use of hardness ratios for the detected sources in order to distinguish between classes of objects such as super-soft sources and intrinsically hard or highly absorbed sources. We demonstrate that the spectrum of the unresolved emission in the bulge of M 31 contains a soft excess which can be fitted with a similar to0.35-keV optically-thin thermal-plasma component; clearly distinct from the composite point-source spectrum. We suggest that this may represent diffuse gas in the centre of M 31, and we illustrate its extent in a wavelet-deconvolved image. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. ESA, XMM Newton SOC, VILSPA, Madrid 28080, Spain. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM shirey@xmmom.physics.ucsb.edu NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L195 EP L201 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000243 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300031 ER PT J AU Tamura, T Kaastra, JS Peterson, JR Paerels, FBS Mittaz, JPD Trudolyubov, SP Stewart, G Fabian, AC Mushotzky, RF Lumb, DH Ikebe, Y AF Tamura, T Kaastra, JS Peterson, JR Paerels, FBS Mittaz, JPD Trudolyubov, SP Stewart, G Fabian, AC Mushotzky, RF Lumb, DH Ikebe, Y TI X-ray spectroscopy of the cluster of galaxies Abell 1795 with XMM-Newton SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual : Abell 1795; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : cooling flows; X-rays : galaxies ID COOLING FLOWS; CENTRAL REGION; ABUNDANCES; DISCOVERY; SOLAR AB The initial results from XMM-Newton observations of the rich cluster of galaxies Abell 1795 are presented. The spatially-resolved X-ray spectra taken by the European Photon Imaging Cameras (EPIC) show a temperature drop at a radius of similar to 200 kpc from the cluster center, indicating that the ICM is cooling. Both the EPIC and the Reflection Grating Spectrometers (RGS) spectra extracted from the cluster center can be described by an isothermal model with a temperature of similar to4 keV. The volume emission measure of any cool component (< 1 keV) is less than a few % of the hot component at the cluster center. A strong O-VIII Lyman line was detected with the RGS from the cluster core. The O abundance and its ratio to Fe at the cluster center is 0.2-0,5 and 0.5-1.5 times the solar value, respectively. C1 SRON, Space Res Lab, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Columbia Univ, Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Surrey, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1, Leics, England. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. European Space Agcy, ESTEC, Div Astrophys, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP SRON, Space Res Lab, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM T.Tamura@sron.nl RI Tamura, Takayuki/K-8236-2012 NR 26 TC 230 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L87 EP L92 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000038 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300013 ER PT J AU Turner, MJL Reeves, JN Ponman, TJ Arnaud, M Barbera, M Bennie, PJ Boer, M Briel, U Butler, I Clavel, J Dhez, P Cordova, F Dos Santos, S Ferrando, P Ghizzardi, S Goodall, CV Griffiths, RG Hochedez, JF Holland, AD Jansen, F Kendziorra, E Lagostina, A Laine, R La Palombara, N Lortholary, M Mason, K Molendi, S Pigot, C Priedhorsky, W Reppin, C Rothenflug, R Salvetat, P Sauvageot, J Schmitt, D Sembay, S Short, A Struders, L Trifoglio, M Trumper, J Vercellone, S Vigroux, L Villa, G Ward, M AF Turner, MJL Reeves, JN Ponman, TJ Arnaud, M Barbera, M Bennie, PJ Boer, M Briel, U Butler, I Clavel, J Dhez, P Cordova, F Dos Santos, S Ferrando, P Ghizzardi, S Goodall, CV Griffiths, RG Hochedez, JF Holland, AD Jansen, F Kendziorra, E Lagostina, A Laine, R La Palombara, N Lortholary, M Mason, K Molendi, S Pigot, C Priedhorsky, W Reppin, C Rothenflug, R Salvetat, P Sauvageot, J Schmitt, D Sembay, S Short, A Struders, L Trifoglio, M Trumper, J Vercellone, S Vigroux, L Villa, G Ward, M TI XMM-Newton first-light observations of the Hickson galaxy group 16 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : starburst; X-rays : galaxies ID PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; COMPACT-GROUPS; TELESCOPE; EMISSION; HCG-16 AB This paper presents the XMM-Newton first-light observations of the Hickson-16 compact group of galaxies. Groups are possibly the oldest large-scale structures in the Universe, pre-dating clusters of galaxies, and are highly evolved. This group of small galaxies, at a redshift of 0.0132 (or 80 Mpc) is exceptional in the having the highest concentration of starburst or AGN activity in the nearby Universe. So it is a veritable laboratory for the study of the relationship between galaxy interactions and nuclear activity. Previous optical emission line studies indicated a strong ionising continuum in the galaxies, but its origin, whether from starbursts, or AGN, was unclear. Combined imaging and spectroscopy with the EPIC X-ray CCDs unequivocally reveals a heavily obscured AGN and a separately identified thermal (starburst) plasma, in NGC 835, NGC 833, & NGC 839. NGC 838 shows only starburst thermal emission. Starbursts and AGN can evidently coexist in members of this highly evolved system of merged and merging galaxies, implying a high probability for the formation of AGN as well as starbursts in post-merger galaxies. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray Astron Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CESr tOULOUSE, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. ESA, SOC, Madrid 28080, Spain. Univ Paris 11, LURE, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Res Off, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. IFC Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. PS Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Tubingen, IAAP, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. PX Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Osserv Astron Palermo, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. ITESRE, I-41010 Bologna, Italy. RP Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray Astron Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RI Trifoglio, Massimo/F-5302-2015; OI Trifoglio, Massimo/0000-0002-2505-3630; Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138; Ghizzardi, Simona/0000-0003-0879-7328; Vercellone, Stefano/0000-0003-1163-1396; Boer, Michel/0000-0001-9157-4349; Molendi, Silvano/0000-0002-2483-278X; Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420 NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 1 BP L110 EP L115 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20000070 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392RV UT WOS:000166426300017 ER PT B AU McGehee, PM AF McGehee, PM BE VonHippel, T Simpson, C Manset, N TI Star formation studies with the sloan digital sky survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL AGES AND TIME SCALES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astrophysical Ages and Time Scales CY FEB 05-09, 2001 CL HILO, HI SP Fujitsu Amer Inc, Mitsubishi Elect & Electr ID SEQUENCE; EMISSION; REGION AB The determination of time scales associated with planetary formation and circumstellar disk evolution requires large samples of stars having diverse environments and ages. Such a sample can be obtained using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (York et al. 2000), as it is systematically mapping one-quarter of the entire sky providing photometric data on over 100 million objects in five passbands (Gunn et al. 1998; Fukugita et al. 1996). Pre-main sequence stars have distinct colors in the SDSS u'g'r'i'z' photometric system as a consequence of their late-type photospheres and strong UV excess driven by the magnetospheric accretion shock. SDSS observations of known Orion population emission line stars cataloged by the Kiso objective prism survey reveal a color-based signature that correlates well with the Ha emission line strength. As the excess emission is a direct consequence of the presence of a circumstellar disk, we can constrain the duration of the planetary formation process by determining the age of the young star. Follow-on observations of SDSS T Tauri candidates have begun at the Astrophysical Research Consortium's 3.5 meter telescope using medium resolution (R = 5000) spectroscopy. The aim is to place these objects on theoretical evolutionary tracks using spectral indicators for effective temperature and surface gravity and to create a catalog for future studies including a circumstellar disk census. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGehee, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H820, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-083-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 245 BP 141 EP 143 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU34C UT WOS:000175724400021 ER PT B AU Popowski, P Vandehei, T Griest, K Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Geha, M Lelmer, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Quinn, PJ Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Welch, D AF Popowski, P Vandehei, T Griest, K Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Geha, M Lelmer, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Quinn, PJ Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Welch, D BE VonHippel, T Simpson, C Manset, N TI MACHO project analysis of the galactic bulge microlensing events with clump giants as sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL AGES AND TIME SCALES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astrophysical Ages and Time Scales CY FEB 05-09, 2001 CL HILO, HI SP Fujitsu Amer Inc, Mitsubishi Elect & Electr AB We present preliminary results of the analysis of 5 years of MACHO data on the Galactic bulge microlensing events with clump giants as sources. This class of events allows one to obtain robust conclusions, because relatively bright clump stars are not strongly affected by blending. We discuss: (1) the selection of clump giant events, (2) the distribution of event durations, and (3) the anomalous character of event durations and optical depth in the MACHO field 104 centered on (1, b) = (3.degrees1, -3.degrees0). We report the preliminary average optical depth of tau = (2.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(-6) (internal) at (1, b) = (3.degrees9, -3.degrees8), and present an optical depth spatial distribution map. When field 104 is removed from the sample, the optical depth drops to tau = (1.4 +/- 0.3) X 10(-6), in excellent agreement with infrared-based models of the central Galactic region. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Popowski, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-083-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 245 BP 358 EP 360 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU34C UT WOS:000175724400059 ER PT B AU Popowski, P AF Popowski, P BE VonHippel, T Simpson, C Manset, N TI Is the short distance scale a result of a problem with the LMC photometric zero point? SO ASTROPHYSICAL AGES AND TIME SCALES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astrophysical Ages and Time Scales CY FEB 05-09, 2001 CL HILO, HI SP Fujitsu Amer Inc, Mitsubishi Elect & Electr ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; MAGELLANIC-CLOUDS; CLUMP; CONSTRAINTS AB I present a promising route to harmonize distance measurements based on clump giants and RR Lyrae stars. This is achieved by comparing the brightness of these distance indicators in three environments: the solar neighborhood, Galactic bulge, and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). As a result of harmonizing the distance scales in the solar neighborhood and Baade's Window, I derive the new absolute magnitude of RR Lyrae stars, M-V(RR) at [Fe/H] = -1.6 in the range (0.59 +/- 0.05, 0.70 +/- 0.05). Being somewhat brighter than the statistical parallax solution but fainter than typical results of the main sequence fitting to HIPPARCOS data, these values of M-V(RR) favor intermediate or old ages of globular clusters. Harmonizing the distance scales in the LMC and Baade's Window, I show that the most likely distance modulus to the LMC, mu(LMC) is in the range 18.24-18.44. The Hubble constant of about 70 km s(-1) Mpc(-1) reported by the HST Key Project is based on the assumption that the distance modulus to the LMC equals 18.50. The results presented here indicate that the Hubble constant may be up to 12% higher. This in turn would call for a younger Universe and could result in some tension between the age of the Universe and the ages of globular clusters. I argue that the remaining uncertainty in the distance to the LMC is now a question of one, single photometric reference point rather than discrepancies between different standard candles. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Popowski, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-083-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 245 BP 361 EP 363 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU34C UT WOS:000175724400060 ER PT J AU Scoccimarro, RN Sheth, RK Hui, L Jain, B AF Scoccimarro, RN Sheth, RK Hui, L Jain, B TI How many galaxies fit in a halo? Constraints on galaxy formation efficiency from spatial clustering SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; COSMOLOGICAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; 3-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; GAUSSIAN INITIAL CONDITIONS; DARK-MATTER HALOES; HIERARCHICAL UNIVERSE; SKEWNESS; BIAS; CONDENSATION; STATISTICS AB We study galaxy clustering in the framework of halo models, where gravitational clustering is described in terms of dark matter halos. At small scales, dark matter clustering statistics are dominated by halo density profiles, whereas at large scales, correlations are the result of combining nonlinear perturbation theory with halo biasing. Galaxies are assumed to follow the dark matter profiles of the halo they inhabit, and galaxy formation efficiency is characterized by the number of galaxies that populate a halo of given mass. This approach leads to generic predictions : the galaxy power spectrum shows a power-law behavior even though the dark matter does not, and the galaxy higher order correlations show smaller amplitudes at small scales than their dark matter counterparts. Both are in qualitatively agreement with measurements in galaxy catalogs. We find that requiring the model to fit both the second- and third-order moments of the Automatic Plate Measuring Facility (APM) galaxies provides a strong constraint on galaxy formation models. The data at large scales require that galaxy formation be relatively efficient at small masses, m approximate to 10(10) M-. h(-1), whereas data at smaller scales require that the number of galaxies in a halo scale approximately as the mass to the 0.8th power in the high-mass limit. These constraints are independent of those derived from the luminosity function or Tully-Fisher relation. We also predict the power spectrum, bispectrum, and higher order moments of the mass density field in this framework. Although halo models agree well with measurements of the mass power spectrum and the higher order S-p parameters in N-body simulations, the model assumption that halos are spherical leads to disagreement in the configuration dependence of the bispectrum at small scales. We stress the importance of finite-volume effects in higher order statistics and show how they can be estimated in this approach. C1 Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Scoccimarro, RN (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 65 TC 408 Z9 410 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 1 BP 20 EP 34 DI 10.1086/318261 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 390DL UT WOS:000166280400002 ER PT J AU Brotherton, MS Arav, N Becker, RH Tran, HD Gregg, MD White, RL Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Hack, W AF Brotherton, MS Arav, N Becker, RH Tran, HD Gregg, MD White, RL Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Hack, W TI QSO 2359-1241: A bright, highly polarized, radio-moderate, reddened, low-ionization broad absorption line quasar SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : interactions; quasars : emission lines; quasars : general; quasars : individual (QSO J2359-1241) ID SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; POPULATION; STARBURSTS; EMISSION; SAMPLE; SKY AB We report the discovery of a bright quasar (E = 15.8, z = 0.868) associated with the flat-spectrum radio source NVSS J235953 - 124148. This quasar, which we designate QSO 2359 - 1241, possesses a rare combination of extreme properties that make it of special interest. These properties include intrinsic high-velocity outflow seen in absorption for both high- and low-ionization species, high optical polarization (similar to5%), significant radio emission, and dust reddening. The dereddened absolute magnitude of QSO 2359 - 1241 places it among the three most optically luminous quasars known at z < 1. High-resolution spectroscopy and a detailed analysis of the optical/ultraviolet absorption features will be given in a companion paper. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Brotherton, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 7000 E Ave,POB 808,L413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012 NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 1 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1086/318243 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 390DL UT WOS:000166280400010 ER PT J AU Arav, N Brotherton, MS Becker, RH Gregg, MD White, RL Price, T Hack, W AF Arav, N Brotherton, MS Becker, RH Gregg, MD White, RL Price, T Hack, W TI The intrinsic absorber in QSO 2359-1241: Keck and Hubble Space Telescope observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual (QSO J2359-1241) ID BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE; STELLAR OBJECTS; EMISSION-LINE; IONIZATION; QUASARS; SPECTRA; HIRES AB We present detailed analyses of the absorption spectrum seen in QSO 2359 - 1241 (NVSS J235953 - 124148). Keck HIRES data reveal absorption from 20 transitions arising from He I, Mg I, Mg II, Ca II, and Fe II. Hubble Space Telescope data show broad absorption lines (BALs) from Al III lambda 1857, C IV lambda 1549, Si IV lambda 1397, and N V lambda 1240. Absorption from excited Fe II states constrains the temperature of the absorber to 2000 less than or similar to T less than or similar to 10,000 K and puts a lower limit of 10(5) cm(-3) on the electron number density. Saturation diagnostics show that the real column densities of He I and Fe II can be determined, allowing us to derive meaningful constraints on the ionization equilibrium and abundances in the flow. The ionization parameter is constrained by the iron, helium, and magnesium data to -3.0 less than or similar to log (U) less than or similar to -2.5, and the observed column densities can be reproduced without assuming departure from solar abundances. From comparison of the He I and Fe II absorption features, we infer that the outflow seen in QSO 2359 - 1241 is not shielded by a hydrogen ionization front and therefore that the existence of low-ionization species in the outflow (e.g., Mg II, Al III, Fe II) does not necessitate the existence of such a front. We find that the velocity width of the absorption systematically increases as a function of ionization and to a lesser extent with abundance. Complementary analyses of the radio and polarization properties of the object are discussed in a companion paper (Brotherton et al.). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Arav, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 30 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 1 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1086/318244 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 390DL UT WOS:000166280400011 ER PT J AU Salmonson, JD AF Salmonson, JD TI On the kinematics of GRB 980425 and its association with SN 1998bw SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : theory; supernovae : individual (SN 1998bw) ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; 25 APRIL 1998; UNUSUAL SUPERNOVA; RADIO-EMISSION AB In this Letter, I put forward a model in which GRB 980425 is both associated with SN 1998bw and also a standard canonical (long; approximately a few seconds) gamma-ray burst (GRB). Herein it is argued that if GRBs are relativistic jets with the fastest moving material at the core, then the range of observed jet inclinations to the line of sight produces a range in the observed properties of GRBs, i. e., the lag-luminosity relationship. In particular, if the jet inclination is high enough, the observed emitter will move slowly enough to render relativistic beaming ineffective, thus distinguishing the jet from apparent isotropic emission. Thus, we expect a break in the lag-luminosity relationship. I propose that GRB 980425 defines that break. The position of this break gives important physical parameters such as the Lorentz factor (gamma (max) similar to 1000), the jet opening angle (similar to1 degrees), and thus the beaming fraction (similar to 10(-4)). Estimates of burst rates are consistent with observation. If correct, this model is evidence in favor of the collapsar mode as the progenitor of cosmological, long GRBs. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Salmonson, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 1 BP L29 EP L31 DI 10.1086/318063 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 393EV UT WOS:000166457000007 ER PT J AU Wu, JHP Balbi, A Borrill, J Ferreira, PG Hanany, S Jaffe, AH Lee, AT Oh, S Rabii, B Richards, PL Smoot, GF Stompor, R Winant, CD AF Wu, JHP Balbi, A Borrill, J Ferreira, PG Hanany, S Jaffe, AH Lee, AT Oh, S Rabii, B Richards, PL Smoot, GF Stompor, R Winant, CD TI Asymmetric beams in cosmic microwave background anisotropy experiments SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology : theory; large-scale structure of universe; methods : data analysis; methods : numerical AB We propose a new formalism to handle asymmetric beams in the data analysis of cosmic microwave background anisotropy experiments. For any beam shape, the formalism finds the optimal circularly symmetric equivalent and is thus easily adaptable to existing data analysis methods. We demonstrate certain key points by using a simulated highly elliptic beam and the beams and data of the MAXIMA-1 experiment, where the asymmetry is mild. We show that in both cases the formalism does not bias the angular power spectrum estimates. We analyze the limitations of the formalism and find that it is well suited for most practical situations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oxford, NAPL, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Inst Super Tecn, CENTRA, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. RP Wu, JHP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; OI WU, JIUN-HUEI/0000-0001-9608-7662 NR 10 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 132 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1086/318947 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 395QV UT WOS:000166593300001 ER PT S AU Fryer, CL AF Fryer, CL BE Centrella, JM TI Gravitational waves from stellar collapse SO ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES FOR GROUND-BASED GRAVITATIONAL WAVE DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Astrophysical Sources for Ground-Based Gravitational Wave Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2000 CL DREXEL UNIV, PHILADELPHIA, PA HO DREXEL UNIV ID CORE-COLLAPSE; WHITE-DWARFS; STARS; SIMULATIONS AB Stellar core-collapse plays an important role in nearly all facets of astronomy: cosmology (as standard candles), formation of compact objects, nucleosynthesis and energy deposition in galaxies. In addition, they release energy in powerful explosions of light over a range of energies, neutrinos, and the subject of this meeting, gravitational waves. Because of this broad range of importance, astronomers have discovered a number of constraints which can be used to help us understand the importance of stellar core-collapse as gravitational wave sources. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0014-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 575 BP 209 EP 220 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS56P UT WOS:000170337900019 ER PT S AU New, KCB Centrella, JM AF New, KCB Centrella, JM BE Centrella, JM TI Rotational instabilities and centrifugal hangup SO ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES FOR GROUND-BASED GRAVITATIONAL WAVE DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Astrophysical Sources for Ground-Based Gravitational Wave Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2000 CL DREXEL UNIV, PHILADELPHIA, PA HO DREXEL UNIV ID PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; STELLAR CORES; NEUTRON-STARS; COLLAPSE; POLYTROPES; DISKS; SIMULATIONS; STABILITY; THICK AB One interesting class of gravitational radiation sources includes rapidly rotating astrophysical objects that encounter dynamical instabilities. We have carried out a set of simulations of rotationally induced instabilities in differentially rotating polytropes. An n = 1.5 polytrope with the Maclaurin rotation law will encounter the m = 2 bar instability at T/\W \ greater than or similar to 0.27. Our results indicate that the remnant of this instability is a persistent bar-like structure that emits a long-lived gravitational radiation signal. Furthermore, dynamical instability is shown to occur in n = 3.33 polytropes with the j-constant rotation law at T/\W \ greater than or similar to 0.14. In this case, the dominant mode of instability is m = 1. Such instability may allow a centrifugally-hung core to begin collapsing to neutron star densities on a dynamical timescale. If it occurs in a supermassive star, it may produce gravitational radiation detectable by LISA. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP New, KCB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0014-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 575 BP 221 EP 233 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS56P UT WOS:000170337900020 ER PT J AU Ryutova, MP Tarbell, TD AF Ryutova, MP Tarbell, TD TI On the magnetic energy avalanche in the solar atmosphere SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Meeting of the Observatory CY JAN 10-14, 2000 CL PARIS OBSERVATORY, MEUDON, FRANCE HO PARIS OBSERVATORY AB We discuss a mechanism of energy production associated with the acoustic and MHD shocks produced by colliding and reconnecting flux tubes and present the observational results showing a connection between the dynamic changes in the photosphere and the high velocity and heating events in the transition region. We suggest that these processes may provide a constant energy supply for the origin of the fast wind and help to advance studies of coronal dynamics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Ryutova, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ryutova@beowulf.ucllnl.org; tarbell@lmsal.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2001 VL 277 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1023/A:1012221206817 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 486CC UT WOS:000171800000021 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, RM Wood, KS Hertz, P Lovellette, MN Ray, PS Wolff, MT Giebels, B Bloom, ED AF Bandyopadhyay, RM Wood, KS Hertz, P Lovellette, MN Ray, PS Wolff, MT Giebels, B Bloom, ED TI Observations of GRS 1915+105 from the USA experiment on ARGOS SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Microquasar Workshop on Galactic Relativistic Jet Sources CY SEP 11-13, 2000 CL GRANADA, SPAIN SP Inst Astrofis Andaluc, Spainish Consejo Super Invest Cientif, Univ Barcelona, Lab Astrofis Espacial Fis Fdn, Inst Nacl Tecn Aerosp ID GRS-1915+105 AB We present first results from a monitoring campaign of GRS 1915+105 undertaken with the USA X-ray timing experiment on the ARGOS satellite. A variety of behaviour has been observed, ranging from low, steady X-ray emission to rapid quasi-periodic flaring on timescales of approximately 10-120 seconds. C1 USN, Res Lab, NRC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, RM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NRC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2001 VL 276 SU S BP 23 EP 24 DI 10.1023/A:1011666227154 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 481BW UT WOS:000171500900008 ER PT J AU Schnopper, HW Silver, E Murray, S Romaine, S Bandler, S Jones, C Forman, W Madden, N Beeman, J Haller, E Christensen, F Westergaard, N Fabregat, J Reglero, V Gimenez, A Brosch, N Liebowitz, E Netzer, H Barbera, M Collura, A Sciortino, S AF Schnopper, HW Silver, E Murray, S Romaine, S Bandler, S Jones, C Forman, W Madden, N Beeman, J Haller, E Christensen, F Westergaard, N Fabregat, J Reglero, V Gimenez, A Brosch, N Liebowitz, E Netzer, H Barbera, M Collura, A Sciortino, S TI XRASE: The X-Ray Spectroscopic Explorer SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The X-Ray Spectroscopic Explorer (XRASE) has a unique combination of features that will make it possible to address many of NASA's scientific goals. These include how galaxy clusters form, the physics and chemistry of the ISM, the heating of stellar coronae, the amount and content of intergalactic baryonic matter, the mass of black holes and the formation of disks and jets in AGN and galactic binaries. XRASE has a thin foil, multilayered telescope with a large collecting area up to 10 keV, especially in the Fe K alpha region (1100 cm(2)). Its microcalorimeter array combines high energy resolution (7 eV at 6 keV) and efficiency with a field-of-view of 26 arcmin(2) . A deep orbit allows for long, continuous observations. Monitoring instruments in the optical (WOM-X), UV (TAUVEX) and hard X-RAY (GRAM) bands will offer exceptional opportunities to make simultaneous multi-wavelength observations. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Danish Space Res Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Valencia, Astron & Space Sci Grp, Edificio Invest, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. INTA, Lab Astrofis & Fis Fundamental, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Osservatorio Astron Palermo Giuseppe S Vaiana, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. RP Schnopper, HW (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Lab, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Brosch, Noah/C-7889-2009; Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Fabregat, Juan/F-9066-2016; OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Fabregat, Juan/0000-0002-5986-9347; collura, alfonso/0000-0001-9534-1235; Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2001 VL 276 IS 1 BP 49 EP 65 DI 10.1023/A:1012023012177 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 467VV UT WOS:000170725200007 ER PT J AU Hynes, RI Haswell, CA Chaty, S Shrader, CR Cui, W Mauche, CW AF Hynes, RI Haswell, CA Chaty, S Shrader, CR Cui, W Mauche, CW TI Recent Hubble space telescope results on X-ray novae SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Microquasar Workshop on Galactic Relativistic Jet Sources CY SEP 11-13, 2000 CL GRANADA, SPAIN SP Inst Astrofis Andaluc, Spainish Consejo Super Invest Cientif, Univ Barcelona, Lab Astrofis Espacial Fis Fdn, Inst Nacl Tecn Aerosp ID MULTIWAVELENGTH AB RXTE has recently discovered two new optically bright black hole candidates (BHCs): XTE J1859+226 and XTE J1118+490. We observed both with HST/STIS, the first outburst observations of X-ray novae with this instrument. we followed broad band spectral evolution, detected correlated X-ray/UV rapid variability and performed high resolution UV spectroscopy. We present a summary of initial results on the spectral energy distributions observed. C1 Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hynes, RI (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. OI Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Chaty, Sylvain/0000-0002-5769-8601 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2001 VL 276 SU S BP 61 EP 62 DI 10.1023/A:1011632122127 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 481BW UT WOS:000171500900018 ER PT J AU Rattray, G Sievering, H AF Rattray, G Sievering, H TI Dry deposition of ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium, and nitrate to alpine tundra at Niwot Ridge, Colorado SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; flux; compensation point; deposition velocity; gradient method ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; PARTICULATE NITRATE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; AIR; PARAMETERS; MOUNTAINS; ECOSYSTEM; FOREST AB Micrometeorological measurements and ambient air samples, analyzed for concentrations of NH3, HNO3, NH4+, and NO3-, were collected at an alpine tundra site on Niwot Ridge, Colorado. The measured concentrations were extremely low and ranged between 5 and 70 ng N m(-3). Dry deposition fluxes of these atmospheric species were calculated using the micrometeorological gradient method. The calculated mean flux for NH3 indicates a net deposition to the surface and indicates that NH3 contributed significantly to the total N deposition to the tundra during the August-September measurement period. Our pre-measurement estimate of the compensation point for NH3 in air above the tundra was 100-200 ng N m(-3) thus, a net emission of NH3 was expected given the low ambient concentrations of NH3 observed. Based on our results, however, the NH3 compensation point at this alpine tundra site appears to have been at or below about 20 ng N m(-3). Large deposition velocities ( > 2 cm s(-1)) were determined for nitrate and ammonium and may result from reactions with surface-derived aerosols. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Sci, Global Change & Environm Qual Program, Dept Environm Sci, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Sci, Global Change & Environm Qual Program, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80217 USA. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Sievering, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Sci, Global Change & Environm Qual Program, Dept Environm Sci, Campus Box 172,POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. OI Rattray, Gordon/0000-0002-1690-3218 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1105 EP 1109 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00276-4 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406FM UT WOS:000167204300010 ER PT J AU Vuilleumier, L Harley, RA Brown, NJ Slusser, JR Kolinski, D Bigelow, DS AF Vuilleumier, L Harley, RA Brown, NJ Slusser, JR Kolinski, D Bigelow, DS TI Variability in ultraviolet total optical depth during the Southern California Ozone Study (SCOS97) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sun photometry; optical depth; variability; aerosol; Principal Component Analysis ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PHASE CHEMICAL MECHANISM; AIR-QUALITY VARIABLES; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; PARTICULATE SULFATE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; LANGLEY METHOD AB Formation of photochemical air pollution is governed in part by the solar ultraviolet actinic radiation flux, but wavelength-resolved measurements of UV radiation in polluted urban atmospheres are rarely available. As part of the 1997 Southern California Ozone Study, cosine weighted solar irradiance was measured continuously at seven UV wavelengths (300, 306, 312, 318, 326, 333 and 368 nm) at two sites during the period 1 July to 1 November 1997. The first site was at Riverside (260 m a.s.l.) in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, which frequently experiences severe air pollution episodes. The second site was at MI Wilson (1725 m a.s.l.), approximately 70km northwest of Riverside, and located above much of the urban haze layer. Measurements of direct (i.e., total minus diffuse) solar irradiance were used to compute total atmospheric optical depths. At 300 nm, optical depths (mean +/- 1 S.D.) measured over the entire study period were 4.3 +/- 0.3 at Riverside and 3.7 +/- 0.2 at Mt Wilson. Optical depth decreased with increasing wavelength, falling at 368 nm to values of 0.8 +/- 0.2 at Riverside and 0.5 +/- 0.1 at Mt Wilson. At all wavelengths, both the mean and the relative standard deviation of optical depths were larger at Riverside than at Mt Wilson. At 300 nm, the difference between the smallest and largest observed optical depths corresponds to over a factor 2 increase in the direct beam irradiance for overhead sun, and over a factor 7 increase for a solar zenith angle of 60 degrees. Principal component analysis was used to reveal underlying factors contributing to variability in optical depths. PCA showed that a single factor (component) was responsible for the major part of the variability. At Riverside, the first component was responsible for 97% of the variability and the second component for 2%. At Mt Wilson, 89% of the variability could be attributed to the first component and 10% to the second. Dependence of the component contributions on wavelength allowed identification of probable physical causes: the first component is linked to light scattering and absorption by atmospheric aerosols, and the second component is linked to light absorption by ozone. These factors are expected to contribute to temporal and spatial variability in solar actinic flux and photodissociation rates of species including ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and formaldehyde. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Vuilleumier, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015; Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016 OI Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1111 EP 1122 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00259-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406FM UT WOS:000167204300011 ER PT J AU Lin, CJ Cheng, MD Schroeder, WH AF Lin, CJ Cheng, MD Schroeder, WH TI Transport patterns and potential sources of total gaseous mercury measured in Canadian high Arctic in 1995 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury; receptor modeling; trajectory; cluster analysis; atmospheric transport; source identification ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; SURFACE EXCHANGE; FLOW PATTERNS; REMOTE AREAS; TRAJECTORIES; DEPOSITION; PATHWAYS AB Trajectory cluster analysis and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) model have been used to investigate the source-receptor relationship for the total gaseous mercury (TGM) measured in the Canadian High Arctic (Alert, 82.5 degreesN, 62.3 degreesW) during 1995. Cluster analysis of 10-day back-trajectories in 1995 shows that the synoptic flows arriving at Alert are dominated by the air masses from the north. Long-range transport only occurs in the cold seasons while summertime flows tend to circulate in the Arctic Ocean. The potential source regions identified by the PSCF modeling include Eurasia and populated areas in the North America and Europe. Based on the modeling results, it is suggested that the elevated TGM concentrations found in the Arctic summer should be of geological origins, mainly from the evasion of volatile Hg-0 from earth's surfaces. In the autumn and winter, mercury is transported to the receptor site from remote anthropogenic sources. The preferred sources of TGM in the spring cannot be clearly determined due to the Arctic springtime mercury depletion, which significantly reduces the number of trajectories contributing to PSCF values. Using TGM data of higher temporal resolution improves the sensitivity of the PSCF modeling results. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Associate Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Environm Canada, Atomospher Environm Serv, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; OI Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 45 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1141 EP 1154 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406FM UT WOS:000167204300014 ER PT J AU Kirchstetter, TW Corrigan, CE Novakov, T AF Kirchstetter, TW Corrigan, CE Novakov, T TI Laboratory and field investigation of the adsorption of gaseous organic compounds onto quartz filters SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE positive artifact; filter sampling; organic carbon; carbonaceous aerosol; particulate matter; evolved gas analysis ID DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AEROSOL; ARTIFACT; SYSTEM AB A common method for measuring the mass of organic carbon in airborne particulate matter involves collection on a quartz filter and subsequent thermal analysis. If unaccounted for, the adsorption of organic gases onto quartz filters will lead to the overestimation of aerosol organic carbon concentrations (positive artifact). A recommended method of correction for the positive artifact involves sampling with a backup filter. Placed behind either the primary quartz filter, or behind a Teflon filter and collected in parallel with the primary quartz filter, the carbon content of the quartz backup filter is a measure of the adsorbed organic material on the primary quartz filter. In this paper, we illustrate the application of this technique to samples collected in Berkeley, California. While the tandem quartz filter method can be successfully applied to correct for the positive artifact, we discuss two cases when this method will fail. We have found that the capacity for adsorption of organic gases is not uniform for all filters. Instead, filters manufactured by the same company, but having different lot numbers, exhibit variable adsorption capacity. Thus, a filter pair composed of filters from different lots may lead to significant under- or overestimation of particulate organic carbon concentration. Additionally, we have observed that the tandem filter method under-corrects for the positive artifact if the sampling time is short (few hours). Laboratory experiments with vapors of single organic compounds corroborate results based on ambient samples. The evolution of adsorbed organic gases, particularly polar compounds, during thermal analysis indicates that a single compound may experience two distinct adsorbent-adsorbate binding energies. Adsorbed gases may co-evolve with particles at temperatures in excess of 250 degreesC. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kirchstetter, TW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-73, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 4 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1663 EP 1671 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00448-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 413WD UT WOS:000167633800010 ER PT J AU Mayol-Bracero, OL Rosario, O Corrigan, CE Morales, R Torres, I Perez, V AF Mayol-Bracero, OL Rosario, O Corrigan, CE Morales, R Torres, I Perez, V TI Chemical characterization of submicron organic aerosols in the tropical trade winds of the caribbean using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE organic aerosol; molecular characterization; sources; submicron aerosol; tropics ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR MARKER; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERE; HYDROCARBONS; PARTICLES; CARBON; LIPIDS AB Chemical characterization of submicron (D-p < 0.6 m) organic aerosols in the tropical trade winds in the Caribbean was performed. Samples were collected with a Lundgren cascade impactor at different locations in and around the island of Puerto Rico. The majority of the samples were collected at the Lighthouse at Fajardo. The GC/MS results were compiled into a database. The compounds identified were consistently observed in most of the samples and seem to have a natural origin. The families of compounds most consistently detected were esters (fatty acid esters and phosphates), fatty acids, and normal as well as branched hydrocarbons. The modality of extracted ion from full-scan MS data did not show the presence of PAHs in any of the samples analyzed from the coastal and ocean sites. Results tend to indicate that a substantial fraction of the submicron organic aerosol Found in the tropical trade winds of the Caribbean may be associated with natural oceanic emissions; therefore, any treatment of the total aerosol should consider the contribution of this natural background aerosol. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mayol-Bracero, OL (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1735 EP 1745 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00524-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 415WB UT WOS:000167745600003 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, CM Zaveri, RA Bian, XD Zhong, SY Disselkamp, RS Laulainen, NS Chapman, EG AF Berkowitz, CM Zaveri, RA Bian, XD Zhong, SY Disselkamp, RS Laulainen, NS Chapman, EG TI Aircraft observations of aerosols, O-3 and NOy in a nighttime urban plume SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone; aerosols; heterogeneous chemistry; nighttime chemistry; urban plume; air pollution ID REACTIVE UPTAKE; OZONE; SOOT; DISTRIBUTIONS; CARBON AB Nighttime measurements of aerosol surface area, O-3, NOy and moisture were made downwind of Portland, Oregon, as part of a study to characterize the chemistry in a nocturnal urban plume. Air parcels sampled within the urban plume soon after sunset. had positive correlations between O-3, relative humidity, NOy and aerosol number density. However, the air parcels sampled within the urban plume just before dawn had O-3 mixing ratios that were highly anti-correlated with aerosol number density, NOy and relative humidity. Bank-trajectories from a mesoscale model show that both the post-sunset and pre-dawn parcels came from a common maritime source to the northwest of Portland. The pre-dawn parcels with strong anti-correlations passed directly over Portland in contrast to the other parcels that were found to pass west of Portland. Several gas-phase mechanisms and a heterogeneous mechanism involving the loss of O-3 to the aerosol surface, are examined to explain the observed depletion in O-3 within the pre-dawn parcels that had passed over Portland. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Berkowitz, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K9-30,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Chapman, Elaine/K-8756-2012; OI Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 13 BP 2395 EP 2404 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00521-5 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 428ZP UT WOS:000168491800014 ER PT S AU Lu, ZT Bailey, K Chen, CY Du, X Li, YM O'Connor, TP Young, L AF Lu, ZT Bailey, K Chen, CY Du, X Li, YM O'Connor, TP Young, L BE Arimondo, E DeNatale, P Inguscio, M TI Atom trap trace analysis SO ATOMIC PHYSICS 17 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIIth International Conference on Atomic Physics CY JUN 04-09, 2000 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Banca Toscana, Comune Firenze, Univ Firenze, Dept Fis, Univ Pisa, Dept Fis, European Opt Soc, European Phys Soc, CNR, Ist Museo Storia Sci, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Ist Nazl Fis Mat ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLAR-NEUTRINO PROBLEM; ICE CORE; MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; BONE-RESORPTION; SINGLE-ATOM; SAMPLES; CA-41; KR-81; SPECTROSCOPY AB A new method of ultrasensitive trace-isotope analysis has been developed based upon the technique of laser manipulation of neutral atoms. It has been used to count individual Kr-85 and Kr-81 atoms present in a natural krypton sample with isotopic abundances in the range of 10(-11) and 10(-13), respectively. The atom counts are free of contamination fi om other isotopes, elements, or molecules. The method is applicable to other trace-isotopes that can be efficiently captured with a magneto-optical trap, and has a broad range of potential applications. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lu, ZT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-982-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 551 BP 367 EP 381 PG 15 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BR85F UT WOS:000167777800026 ER PT B AU Key, MH AF Key, MH BE Batani, D Joachain, CJ Martellucci, S Chester, AN TI Experimental study of petawatt laser produced plasmas SO ATOMS, SOLIDS, AND PLASMAS IN SUPER-INTENSE LASER FIELDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Course of the International-School-of-Quantum-Electronics on Atoms, Solids and Plasmas in Super-Intense Laser Fields CY JUL 08-14, 2000 CL ERICE, ITALY SP Int Sch Quantum Electr ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; HOT-ELECTRON PRODUCTION; FAST-IGNITER; SOLID INTERACTIONS; SHORT-PULSE; DENSITY; TRANSPORT; TARGETS; ACCELERATION; SIMULATIONS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Key, MH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46615-5 PY 2001 BP 145 EP 166 PG 22 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BT22W UT WOS:000172337600008 ER PT J AU Amai, W Fahrenholtz, J Leger, C AF Amai, W Fahrenholtz, J Leger, C TI Hands-free operation of a small mobile robot SO AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE DE brainwaves; electro-encephalogram; electro-myogram; electro-oculogram; EEG; EMG; EOG; mobile robotics; telerobotics; teleoperation; user interfaces AB The Intelligent Systems and Robotics Center of Sandia National Laboratories has an ongoing research program in advanced user interfaces. As part of this research, promising new transduction devices, particularly hands-free devices, are being explored for the control of mobile and floor-mounted robotic systems. Brainwave control has been successfully demonstrated by other researchers in a variety of fields. In the research described here, Sandia developed and demonstrated a proof-of-concept brainwave-controlled mobile robot system. Preliminary results were encouraging. Additional work required to turn this into a reliable, fieldable system for mobile robotic control is identified. Used in conjunction with other controls, brainwave control could be an effective control method in certain circumstances. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Amai, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5593 J9 AUTON ROBOT JI Auton. Robot. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1023/A:1011260229560 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 439YL UT WOS:000169145100008 ER PT B AU Marsh, LK AF Marsh, LK GP AZA AZA TI Making conservation count: The commitment to long term community involvement SO AZA ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the American-Zoo-and-Aquarium-Association CY SEP 07-11, 2001 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Zoo Aquarium Assoc AB The word "conservation" has taken many forms in the vernacular of zoos and aquariums. What are the ways we can see on-the-ground conservation implementation having a direct effect on wildlife and wild places? One of the most effective, if challenging, ways to insure success of conservation programs, whether research, reserve, or education is by engaging the local community. How best can institutions, often from countries that are outside target conservation areas, connect with people, make long-term partnerships, and empower local communities to work toward conservation goals? This paper will explore the many definitions of conservation used by zoos and aquariums, as well as discuss effective ways to work with local people toward community conservation efforts. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Marsh, LK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, ESH-20,Mail Stop M877, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ZOO & AQUARIUM ASSOC (AZA) PI SILVER SPRING PA 8403 COLESVILLE RD, SUITE 710, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA PY 2001 BP 177 EP 183 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BY53H UT WOS:000189402000027 ER PT B AU Kolb, EW AF Kolb, EW BE Zichichi, A TI The dynamics of inflation SO BASICS AND HIGHLIGHTS IN FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS SE SUBNUCLEAR SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics CY AUG-SEP -, 1999 CL ERICE, ITALY SP Acad Sci Estonia, Acad Sci Georgia, Acad Sci Lithuania, Acad Sci Russia, Acad Sci Ukraine, Chinese Acad Sci, Italian Minist Univ & Sci Res, Italian Minist Educ, Sicilian Reg Govt, Weizmann Inst Sci, World Federat Scientists, World Lab ID SUPERDUSTER-VOID NETWORK; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; POWER-SPECTRUM; UNIVERSE; MODELS AB In these lectures I will describe how we might be able to learn something of the dynamics during the inflationary era. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Dept Theoret Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kolb, EW (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Dept Theoret Astrophys, MS 209 FNAL,Mail Stop 221,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4536-X J9 SUBNUCL SER PY 2001 VL 37 BP 210 EP 251 DI 10.1142/9789812811585_0008 PG 42 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT22M UT WOS:000172333600007 ER PT B AU Bellantoni, L AF Bellantoni, L BE Zichichi, A TI Rare kaon decays and CP violation SO BASICS AND HIGHLIGHTS IN FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS SE SUBNUCLEAR SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics CY AUG-SEP -, 1999 CL ERICE, ITALY SP Acad Sci Estonia, Acad Sci Georgia, Acad Sci Lithuania, Acad Sci Russia, Acad Sci Ukraine, Chinese Acad Sci, Italian Minist Univ & Sci Res, Italian Minist Educ, Sicilian Reg Govt, Weizmann Inst Sci, World Federat Scientists, World Lab ID BRANCHING RATIO; K(L)->PI(0)GAMMA-GAMMA; LIMIT C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bellantoni, L (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, WH13 5X,MS 231,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4536-X J9 SUBNUCL SER PY 2001 VL 37 BP 557 EP 565 DI 10.1142/9789812811585_0021 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT22M UT WOS:000172333600018 ER PT S AU Hanson, KM Booker, JM AF Hanson, KM Booker, JM BE MohammadDjafari, A TI Inference from Rossi traces SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, PT 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering (MaxEnt 2000) CY JUL 08-13, 2000 CL GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE SP CNRS, Univ Paris sud, Ecole Super Electr AB We present an uncertainty analysis of data taken using the Rossi technique in which the horizontal oscilloscope sweep is driven sinusoidally in time while the vertical axis follows the signal amplitude. The analysis is aimed at determining the logarithmic derivative of the amplitude as a function of time. Within the Bayesian framework used, inferences are obtained with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique, which produces random samples from the posterior probability distribution expressed in terms of the parameters. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS P940, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0004-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 568 BP 604 EP 614 PG 11 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BT83B UT WOS:000174167900056 ER PT S AU Coutant, CC AF Coutant, CC BE Coutant, CC TI Turbulent attraction flows for guiding juvenile salmonids at dams SO BEHAVIORAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FISH GUIDANCE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 30-31, 1999 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID LOWER GRANITE DAM; SUBMERGED VANES; SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT; FISH BEHAVIOR; SNAKE RIVER; VISUALIZATION AB Induction of mild turbulence and increased water velocity in slowly moving water in dam forebays is proposed as a way to attract and guide downstream-migrating juvenile salmonids to dam bypasses. Attraction flows have been used successfully for decades at the downstream ends of fish ladders to attract adult salmonids to fish ladder entrances. Similar hydraulic concepts for simulating a turbulent stream have generally not been implemented to divert juvenile migrants into dam bypasses and away from damaging turbine intakes. Turbulent flow appears to be a normal feature of water movement in natural rivers that guides and assists juvenile salmon migration. It is hypothesized that enhancement of turbulent flow in selected zones of quiescent dam forebays would spatially expand the opportunities for fish to discover entrances to fish bypasses (such as surface-flow bypasses). A "trail of turbulence" could lead fish to surface bypass entrances. Enhanced turbulence at bypass entrances and within bypass channels could also improve the effectiveness of juvenile salmonid guidance and retention in the bypasses. Turbulence could be enhanced by passive (using existing flow momentum or head directed by vanes) and active (pumped water jets or propellers) methods, which can be tailored to specific situations. Initial tests have confirmed the validity of the concept. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Coutant, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM coutantcc@ornl.gov; coutantcc@ornl.gov NR 84 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-24-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2001 VL 26 BP 57 EP 77 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BT52M UT WOS:000173243900005 ER PT S AU Mueller, RP Neitzel, DA Amidan, BG AF Mueller, RP Neitzel, DA Amidan, BG BE Coutant, CC TI Evaluation of infrasound and strobe lights for eliciting avoidance behavior in juvenile salmon and char SO BEHAVIORAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FISH GUIDANCE SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 30-31, 1999 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID ATLANTIC SALMON; RESPONSES; SOUND; SALAR AB Laboratory tests were conducted using juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, and rainbow trout O. mykiss to determine specific behavior responses to infrasound (<20 Hz) and flashing strobe lights. The objective of these tests was to determine if juvenile salmonids could be deterred from entrainment at water diversion structures. Caged fish were acclimated in a static test tank and their behavior was recorded using low light cameras. Species-specific behavior was characterized by measuring movements of the fish within the cage and by observing startle and habituation responses. Wild chinook salmon (40-45 mm TL) and hatchery reared chinook salmon (45-50 mm TL) exhibited avoidance responses when initially exposed to a 10-Hz volume displacement source of infrasound. Rainbow and eastern brook trout (25-100 mm TL) did not respond with avoidance or other behaviors to infrasound. Evidence of habituation to the infrasound source was evident for chinook salmon during repeated exposures. Wild and hatchery chinook displayed a higher proportion of movement during the initial exposures to infrasound when the acclimation period in the test tank was 2-3 h as compared with a 12-15 h acclimation period. A flashing strobe light produced consistent movement in wild chinook salmon (60% of the tests), hatchery reared chinook salmon (50%), and rainbow trout (80%). No measurable responses were observed for brook trout. Results indicate that consistent, repeatable responses can be elicited from some fish using high-intensity strobe lights under a controlled laboratory testing. The species specific behaviors observed in these experiments might be used to predict how fish might react to low-frequency sound and strobe lights in a screening facility. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mueller, RP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-24-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2001 VL 26 BP 79 EP 89 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BT52M UT WOS:000173243900006 ER PT S AU Coutant, CC AF Coutant, CC BE Coutant, CC TI Integrated, multi-sensory, behavioral guidance systems for fish diversions SO BEHAVIORAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FISH GUIDANCE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 30-31, 1999 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID LOWER GRANITE DAM; SNAKE RIVER; WASHINGTON; RESPONSES; PASSAGE; SMOLTS AB Behavioral guidance includes, at least in principle, both repulsion and attraction. Although they are usually used separately, this paper encourages use of both to develop integrated guidance systems using a multi-sensory approach to fish diversion. Research in the 1940s and 1950s with adult salmon and prototype fish ladders emphasized attraction of fish to turbulent currents. As a result, attraction flows to entice fish to fish ladder entrances are now a usual feature of adult dam bypasses. In contrast, techniques for fish repulsion have dominated research on guidance of fish away from risks of water intakes in the hydropower and steam electric utility industries and agriculture (irrigation). The objective has been to find devices that would guide fish away from the hazards of entrainment and impingement. Thus, strobe lights, sound, bubble curtains, electric fields, and the like have been evaluated as ways to repel fish from intakes. None of these technologies has become an industry standard and all are usually considered experimental. I encourage consideration of both repulsion and attraction together to both guide fish away from a hazard and attract them toward an alternative safe location. In addition, more than one technology for either (or both) may be usefully combined. Fish bypasses at dams, for example, could use strobe lights or ultrasound to divert (repel) fish from a trajectory aimed at turbine entrances and concurrently use attraction flows to entice them toward surface bypass entrances. Behavioral and structural technologies can be integrated as hybrid systems. Innovative combinations tailored to a site and specific behaviors of the fish to be guided are likely to show better overall results than one technique alone. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Coutant, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM coutantcc@ornl.gov; coutantcc@ornl.gov NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-24-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2001 VL 26 BP 105 EP 113 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BT52M UT WOS:000173243900008 ER PT S AU Johnson, RL Simmons, MA Simmons, CS Blanton, SL AF Johnson, RL Simmons, MA Simmons, CS Blanton, SL BE Coutant, CC TI A new multibeam sonar technique for evaluating fine-scale fish behavior near hydroelectric dam guidance structures SO BEHAVIORAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FISH GUIDANCE SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 30-31, 1999 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB A Dual-Head Multibeam sonar (DHMS) system was developed for and deployed at two dam sites on the Snake and Columbia rivers in Washington State to evaluate the fine-scale (< 1 m) movement behavior of salmon smolt as they approach prototype surface bypass and guidance structures intended to facilitate downstream fish passage. The DHMS system was mounted beneath a moored barge in front of the fish guidance structures to record the smolt's directional behavior. A system of locating devices was placed on the barge to translate target coordinates back to a stationary reference frame for locating fish relative to the dam. The multibeam sonar system is superior to more commonly used splitbeam sonar for ensonifying an adequate region (volume of water) in the proximity of a bypass opening. Multibeam sonar techniques allow the collection of relatively longer and continuous fish trajectories over larger regions, compared with earlier narrow-angle splitbeam hydroacoustic systems. In conjunction with analyzing fish track trajectories in three,spatial dimensions as produced by the DHMS, tracking software and computer visualization programs were developed to study the nature of fish behavior. The tracking software integrates data from the two multibeam systems and accommodates both automatic and manual processing of the data. Visualization software provides a reconstruction of the fish tracks to study entrainment behavior. Fish swimming straight into a bypass or guidance opening, or instead milling about, can also be distinguished with a simple quantitative metric called the tortuosity index. Additional metrics for quantifying the nature of fish trajectories are being developed to describe the detailed tracking data provided by the DHMS. C1 Battelle Pacific Northwest Div, Richland, WA 98352 USA. RP Johnson, RL (reprint author), Battelle Pacific Northwest Div, POB 999 K6-85, Richland, WA 98352 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-24-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2001 VL 26 BP 161 EP 170 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BT52M UT WOS:000173243900012 ER PT J AU Renninger, N McMahon, KD Knopp, R Nitsche, H Clark, DS Keasling, JD AF Renninger, N McMahon, KD Knopp, R Nitsche, H Clark, DS Keasling, JD TI Uranyl precipitation by biomass from an enhanced biological phosphorus removal reactor SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE enhanced biological phosphorus removal; heavy metal removal; polyphosphate ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HEAVY-METALS; CADMIUM ACCUMULATION; GENETIC MANIPULATION; SPECTROSCOPY TRLFS; PHOSPHATE REMOVAL; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; CITROBACTER SP; POLYPHOSPHATE AB Heavy metal and radionuclide contamination presents a significant environmental problem worldwide. Precipitation of heavy metals on membranes of cells that secrete phosphate has been shown to be an effective method of reducing the volume of these wastes, thus reducing the cost of disposal. A consortium of organisms, some of which secrete large quantities of phosphate, was enriched in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor performing Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal, a treatment process widely used for removing phosphorus. Organisms collected after the aerobic phase of this process secreted phosphate and precipitated greater than 98% of the uranyl from a 1.5 mM uranyl nitrate solution when supplemented with an organic acid as a carbon source under anaerobic conditions. Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to identify the precipitate as membrane-associated uranyl phosphate, UO2HPO4. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI McMahon, Katherine/I-3651-2012; Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; McMahon, Katherine D./0000-0002-7038-026X NR 37 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PY 2001 VL 12 IS 6 BP 401 EP 410 DI 10.1023/A:1015018104682 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 540FT UT WOS:000174919400003 PM 12051646 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Susfalk, RB Dahlgren, RA Caldwell, TG Miller, WW AF Johnson, DW Susfalk, RB Dahlgren, RA Caldwell, TG Miller, WW TI Nutrient fluxes in a snow-dominated, semi-arid forest: Spatial and temporal patterns SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE base cations; nitrogen; Sierra Nevada; snowmelt; soil solution; sulfur ID EASTERN SIERRA-NEVADA; COLORADO; NITROGEN; ALPINE; RUNOFF; SNOWPACKS; CHEMISTRY; MICHIGAN; RELEASE; PINE AB We tested five hypotheses regarding the potential effects of precipitation change on spatial and temporal patterns of water flux, ion flux, and ion concentration in a semiarid, snowmelt-dominated forest in Little Valley, Nevada. Variations in data collected from 1995 to 1999 were used to examine the potential effects of snowpack amount and duration on ion concentrations and fluxes. Soil solution NO3-, NH4+, and ortho-phosphate concentrations and fluxes were uniformly low, and the variations in concentration bore no relationship to snowmelt water flux inputs of these ions. Weathering and cation exchange largely controlled the concentrations and fluxes of base cations from soils in these systems; however, soil solution base cation concentrations were affected by cation concentrations during snowmelt episodes. Soil solution Cl- and SO42- concentrations closely followed the patterns in snowmelt water, suggesting minimal buffering of either ion by soils. In contrast to other studies, the highest concentration and the majority of ion flux from the snowpack in Little Valley occurred in the later phases of snowmelt. Possible reasons for this include sublimation of the snowpack and dry deposition of organic matter during the later stages of snowmelt. Our comparison of interannual and spatial patterns revealed that variation in ion concentration rather than water flux is the most important driver of variation in ion flux. Thus, it is not safe to assume that changes in total precipitation amount will cause concomitant changes in ion inputs to this system. C1 Univ Nevada, Coll Agr, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Coll Agr, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RI Caldwell, Todd/H-5129-2011 OI Caldwell, Todd/0000-0003-4068-0648 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PY 2001 VL 55 IS 3 BP 219 EP 245 DI 10.1023/A:1011863216017 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 472BM UT WOS:000170963300001 ER PT J AU Baccam, P Thompson, RJ Fedrigo, O Carpenter, S Cornette, JL AF Baccam, P Thompson, RJ Fedrigo, O Carpenter, S Cornette, JL TI PAQ: Partition analysis of quasispecies SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; EVOLUTION AB Motivation: The complexities of genetic data may not be accurately described by any single analytical tool. Phylogenetic analysis is often used to study the genetic relationship among different sequences. Evolutionary models and assumptions are invoked to reconstruct trees that describe the phylogenetic relationship among sequences. Genetic databases are rapidly accumulating large amounts of sequences. Newly acquired sequences, which have not yet been characterized, may require preliminary genetic exploration in order to build models describing the evolutionary relationship among sequences. There are clustering techniques that rely less on models of evolution, and thus may provide nice exploratory tools for identifying genetic similarities. Some of the more commonly used clustering methods perform better when data can be grouped into mutually exclusive groups. Genetic data from viral quasispecies, which consist of closely related variants that differ by small changes, however, may best be partitioned by overlapping groups. Results: We have developed an intuitive exploratory program, Partition Analysis of Quasispecies (PAQ), which utilizes a non-hierarchical technique to partition sequences that are genetically similar. PAQ was used to analyze a data set of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope sequences isolated from different regions of the brain and another data set consisting of the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) regulatory gene rev. Analysis of the HIV-1 data set by PAQ was consistent with phylogenetic analysis of the same data, and the EIAV rev variants were partitioned into two overlapping groups. PAQ provides an additional tool which can be used to glean information from genetic data and can be used in conjunction with other tools to study genetic similarities and genetic evolution of viral quasispecies. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool & Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Baccam, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K-710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JAN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.1.16 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 406XM UT WOS:000167241500004 PM 11222259 ER PT J AU Adams, SM Giesy, JP Tremblay, LA Eason, CT AF Adams, SM Giesy, JP Tremblay, LA Eason, CT TI The use of biomarkers in ecological risk assessment: recommendations from the Christchurch conference on Biomarkers in Ecotoxicology SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; bioindicators; risk management ID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; TOXIC-CHEMICALS; FISH HEALTH; INDICATORS; RESPONSES C1 CENTOX, Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Michigan State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, Dept Zool,Inst Environm Toxicol, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Eason, CT (reprint author), CENTOX, Landcare Res, POB 69, Lincoln, New Zealand. OI Tremblay, Louis/0000-0002-3586-3995 NR 19 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1080/135475001452724 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 393PB UT WOS:000166477900001 PM 23886050 ER PT J AU Adams, SM AF Adams, SM TI Biomarker/bioindicator response profiles of organisms can help differentiate between sources of anthropogenic stressors in aquatic ecosystems SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; bioindicators; multiple stressors; diagnostic approach ID PULP-MILL EFFLUENTS; CLARK-FORK RIVER; BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH HEALTH; BROWN TROUT; BIOMARKERS; EXPOSURE; INDICATORS; CONTAMINANTS AB Aquatic ecosystems can be chronically stressed by multiple environmental factors which originate from a variety of point and non-point sources. In addition, these stressors may vary both spatially and temporally, and, combined with synergestic and cumulative interactions of these stressors, complicate the interpretation and evaluation of stress responses in organisms. To help identify and differentiate between sources of anthropogenic stressors in aquatic systems, a diagnostic approach based on exposure-response profiles in sentinel organisms was developed from the known effects of various anthropogenic activities on biological systems. To generate these exposure-effects profiles, biomarkers of exposure were plotted against bioindicators of corresponding effects for several major anthropogenic activities including petrochemical, pulp and paper, domestic sewage, mining operations, land-development, and agricultural activities. Biomarkers of exposure to environmental stressors varied widely depending on the type of anthropogenic activity involved. Bioindicator effects, however, including histopathological lesions, bioenergetic status, growth, reproductive impairment, and community-level endpoints were similar among several of the major anthropogenic activities because responses at these higher levels are less specific to stressors than are biomarkers. This approach appears useful for helping to identify and diagnose sources of stress in environments impacted by multiple stressors. By identifying the types and sources of environmental stressors impacting key components of biological systems, aquatic ecosystems can be more effectively protected, regulated, and managed to help improve and maintain environmental quality and ecosystem fitness. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Adams, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 19 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 6 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1080/135475001452779 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 393PB UT WOS:000166477900006 PM 23886055 ER PT J AU Angles, MN Ferrando, F Farriol, X Salvado, J AF Angles, MN Ferrando, F Farriol, X Salvado, J TI Suitability of steam exploded residual softwood for the production of binderless panels. Effect of the pre-treatment severity and lignin addition SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE softwood; binderless panels; steam explosion; lignin ID ALMOND SHELLS; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; WOOD; FRACTIONATION; PRETREATMENT; COMPOSITES; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CELLULOSE; ASPEN; LIGNOCELLULOSICS AB A steam explosion pre-treatment was applied at various severities to softwood residual substrate to determine the most suitable pre-treatment for the manufacture of binderless panels. The effect of adding acid to the pre-treatment of fibres was also evaluated. The changes in the chemical composition and morphology of the original material were investigated by fractionation analyses and scanning electron micrographs. High severities caused defibrillation of the material allowing to build links to form the panels. Prehydrolysis with acid had a great effect on the structure of the material even at low acid concentration. The physical and mechanical properties of the panel improved as the severity of the pre-treatment increased up to a point where mechanical properties deteriorated. The composites with highest internal bond had a high cellulose content and a medium lignin content. All these factors suggested that steamed pre-treated residual could be improved by adding a natural binder to produce the panels. A test of producing panels with addition of several kinds of lignin (up to 20%) was performed. With no significant changes in density, water stability (thickness swelling and water absorption) internal bond and mechanical properties were greatly improved. Results after accelerated ageing test were also enhanced. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rovira & Virgili, Escola Tecn Super Engn, Dept Engn Quim, Tarragona 43005, Catalonia, Spain. Univ Rovira & Virgili, Escola Tecn Super Engn, Dept Engn Mecan, Tarragona 43005, Catalonia, Spain. RP Salvado, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Mail Stop 3322,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Ferrando, Francesc/L-3422-2014; Farriol, Xavier/L-9251-2014; Salvado, Joan/B-5125-2017 OI Ferrando, Francesc/0000-0003-4450-2734; Farriol, Xavier/0000-0001-6020-5284; Salvado, Joan/0000-0003-2238-6082 NR 34 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 211 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(01)00031-9 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 476HU UT WOS:000171220800007 ER PT S AU Mobley, J Mathur, AN Vo-Dinh, T AF Mobley, J Mathur, AN Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA TI Ultrasonic scattering and transmission properties of mammalian white matter in the detection of brain injury SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 21-22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID SONOGRAPHY AB In this work, we examine the orientation-dependent scattering and attenuation properties of white matter from mammalian brain tissue. We find that both the backscatter and attenuation of ultrasound in these tissues exhibit anisotropy. Furthermore, when extrapolated down to 1 MHz, it appears that the attenuation differences will be small but the backscatter differences are potentially resolvable. From a tissue characterization context, this means that the impact of changes due to the rotation of overlying tissues will be small compared to the changes in the strength of the backscatter signals from the regions of interest. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3932-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4254 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.427939 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery GA BS73H UT WOS:000171028800002 ER PT S AU Cullum, BM Griffin, GD Vo-Dinh, T AF Cullum, BM Griffin, GD Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA TI Nanosensors for the analysis of a single cell SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 21-22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE nanosensor; biosensor; antibody-based nanosensor; fiber-optic; fluorescence; single cell; benzo[a]pyrene tetrol; cancer ID SENSORS AB Submicron fiber-optic biosensors have been developed and used to measure toxic chemicals within single cells. These sensors are fabricated by pulling the distal-end of an optical fiber to a diameter of less than one micron and coating them with antibodies to selectively bind the species of interest. This paper describes the use of these fibers to selectively measure the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene tetrol, a metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, within individual cells of two different cell lines, human mammary carcinoma cells and rat liver epithelial cells. The results from these measurements have been used to evaluate the analytical figures of merit of these sensors such as detection limits, which were found to be 0.64 +/- 0.17 x 10(-11) M for BPT. In addition, measurements were performed both extracellularly and intracellularly, and an increase in variation of approximately 4% was determined for the intracellular measurements, relative to the extracellular measurements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Bethel Valley Rd,MS-6101,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3932-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4254 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.427943 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery GA BS73H UT WOS:000171028800006 ER PT S AU A'Amar, OM Ley, RD Ripley, PM Bigio, IJ AF A'Amar, OM Ley, RD Ripley, PM Bigio, IJ BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA TI In-vivo diagnosis of chemically induced melanoma in an animal model using UV-visible and NIR elastic-scattering spectroscopy: preliminary testing SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 21-22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE cancer diagnosis; fiber-optic probe; elastic-scattering spectroscopy; melanoma; optical biopsy ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION AB Elastic light scattering spectroscopy (ESS) has the potential to provide spectra that contain both morphological and chromophore information from tissue. We report on a preliminary study of this technique, with the hope of developing a method for diagnosis of highly-pigmented skin lesions, commonly associated with skin cancer. Four opossums were treated with dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to induce both malignant melanoma and benign pigmented lesions. Skin lesions were examined in vivo using both UV-visible and near infrared (NIR) ESS, with wavelength ranges of 330-900 mn and 900-1700 mn, respectively. Both portable systems used identical fiber-optic probe geometry throughout all of the measurements. The core diameters for illuminating and collecting fibers were 400 and 200 mum, respectively, with center-to-center separation of 350 mum. The probe was placed in optical contact with the tissue under investigation. Biopsies from lesions were analyzed by two standard histopathological procedures. Taking into account only the biopsied lesions, UV-visible ESS showed distinct spectral correlation for 11/13 lesions. The NIR-ESS correlated well with 12/13 lesions correctly. The results of these experiments showed that UV visible and NIR-ESS have the potential to classify benign and malignant skin lesions, with encouraging agreement to that provided by standard histopathological examination. These initial results show potential for ESS based diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions, but further trials are required in order to substantiate the technique. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, BS-1,MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3932-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4254 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1117/12.427955 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery GA BS73H UT WOS:000171028800019 ER PT S AU Mobley, J Cullum, BM Vo-Dinh, T AF Mobley, J Cullum, BM Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA TI Ultrasonic diffraction in the design of photoacoustic probes SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 21-22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE AB In this work, we examine the role of diffraction in the design of ring-shaped ultrasonic receivers for photoacoustic probes. The sensitivity patterns of ultrasonic receiving rings are calculated at 1 MHz using the angular spectrum technique. Three separate series of simulations are considered: flat ring with a fixed outer diameter and a variable inner diameter, flat ring with a fixed inner diameter and variable outer diameter, and a spherically focused ring with a variable inner diameter. From these results the focal zone characteristic and sensitivities are calculated. For the planar rings, we find that the spatial sensitivity varies markedly with ring width but the overall sensitivities are comparable. For the focused (spherically curved) rings, the focal distances and beam volumes were similar while the sensitivity grew with ring thickness. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3932-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4254 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.427956 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery GA BS73H UT WOS:000171028800020 ER PT S AU Mariella, R AF Mariella, R BE Mariella, RY Nicolau, DV TI Development of a battery-powered, hand-held, real-time PCR instrument SO BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION BASED ON MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Instrumentation Based on Micro- and Nanotechnology CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE micromachining; PCR ID ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; CHAIN-REACTION; MICROCHIP PCR; DNA INVITRO; POLYMERASE; HIV-1 AB Over the last year, a team of scientists and engineers has built the first battery-powered, hand-held multichamber PCR instrument. It is the culmination of nearly a decade of R&D into PCR instrumentation. Each of the instruments over this time was based on bulk micromachining of single-crystal silicon to produce the heart of the instrument, a thermal-cycling chamber. When fluorescent reagents were developed to perform real-time PCR, we added this capability to our instruments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-222, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3943-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4265 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS41G UT WOS:000169777000008 ER PT S AU Gourley, PL Cox, JD Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Copeland, GC Sasaki, DY Curry, M Skirboll, SL AF Gourley, PL Cox, JD Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Copeland, GC Sasaki, DY Curry, M Skirboll, SL BE Mariella, RY Nicolau, DV TI Semiconductor microcavity laser spectroscopy of intracellular protein in human cancer cells SO BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION BASED ON MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Instrumentation Based on Micro- and Nanotechnology CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; DNA; SINGLE AB The speed of light through a biofluid or biological cell is inversely related to the biomolecular concentration of proteins and other complex molecules comprising carbon-oxygen double bonds that modify the refractive index at wavelengths accessible to semiconductor lasers. By placing a fluid or cell into a semiconductor microcavity laser, these decreases in light speed can be sensitively recorded in picoseconds as frequency red-shifts in the laser output spectrum. This biocavity laser equipped with microfluidics for transporting cells at high speed through the laser microcavity has shown potential for rapid analysis of biomolecular mass of normal and malignant human cells in their physiologic condition without time-consuming fixing, staining, or tagging. We have used biocavity laser spectroscopy to measure the optical refraction of solutions of standard biomolecules (sugars and proteins) and human cells. The technique determines the frequency shift, relative to that of water, of spontaneous or stimulated emission from cavity filled with a biomolecular solution. The spectral shift was measured under conditions where the optical contrast between the cell and surrounding fluid was varied over wide limits. This was accomplished by decreasing the cell biomolecular concentration similar to 10x by osmotic swelling and by increasing the protein content more than 100x in the fluid. The shift was also measured in human glioblastoma cells that had been sorted by conventional fluorescence-activated cell-sorting according to protein content. The results show that the wavelength shift increases in proportion to the protein concentration in the cell (mass per unit volume) relative to the concentration outside the cell. These results help to qualify, the measurements of microcavity spectra in rapidly assessing biomolecular mass concentration (primarily protein) in human cancer cells. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1140, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1140, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3943-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4265 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.427967 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS41G UT WOS:000169777000014 ER PT S AU Sasaki, DY Cox, JD Follstaedt, SC Curry, MS Skirboll, SK Gourley, PL AF Sasaki, DY Cox, JD Follstaedt, SC Curry, MS Skirboll, SK Gourley, PL BE Mariella, RY Nicolau, DV TI Glial cell adhesion and protein adsorption on SAM coated semiconductor and glass surfaces of a microfluidic structure SO BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION BASED ON MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Instrumentation Based on Micro- and Nanotechnology CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE microfluidic device; glial; cell adhesion; self-assembled monolayer; biofouling; biocompatibility; albumin ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SILICON SURFACES; SERUM-ALBUMIN; BIOMATERIALS; GOLD; ALKYLTRICHLOROSILANES; ATTACHMENT; POLYMERS; OXIDE AB The development of microsystems that merge biological materials with microfabricated structures is highly dependent on the successful interfacial interactions between these innately incompatible materials. Surface passivation of semiconductor and glass surfaces with thin organic films can attenuate the adhesion of proteins and cells that lead to biofilm formation and biofouling of fluidic structures. We have examined the adhesion of glial cells and serum albumin proteins to microfabricated glass and semiconductor surfaces coated with self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) and N-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-O-polyethylene oxide urethane (TESP), to evaluate the biocompatibility and surface passivation those coatings provide. These films were exposed to solutions containing serum albumin proteins (4 mg/mL), glial cells in culturing media, and glial cells under fluid flow. While the OTMS surface resisted cell spreading and growth under culture conditions, the same surface induced biofouling in a cell flow experiment with a microfluidic structure. Interestingly, the TESP surface, which was supportive of cell adhesion and proliferation under cell culturing conditions, effectively passivated the microfluidic structure to cell adhesion and biofouling. The results suggest that the cell adhesion process is not only dependent on the chemistry of the surface but also on the time allotted to the cell to probe the surface. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dysasak@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3943-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4265 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.427966 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS41G UT WOS:000169777000018 ER EF