FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, J Kapanidis, A Mekler, V Kortkhonjia, E Revyakin, A Ebright, YW Weiss, S Ebright, RH AF Mukhopadhyay, J Kapanidis, A Mekler, V Kortkhonjia, E Revyakin, A Ebright, YW Weiss, S Ebright, RH TI Structural transitions in transcription initiation: Kinetic and single molecule kinetic analyses SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Howard Hughes Med Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 13 BP 3A EP 3A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200014 ER PT J AU Shafer, RH Smirnov, IV Pickering, IJ AF Shafer, RH Smirnov, IV Pickering, IJ TI EXAFS study of metal-stabilized DNA quadruplexes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 43 BP 10A EP 10A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200044 ER PT J AU Schumaker, MF Pomes, R Roux, B AF Schumaker, MF Pomes, R Roux, B TI Framework model for single proton conduction through gramicidin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NERNST-PLANCK THEORY; ION-TRANSPORT; FREE-ENERGY; CHANNEL; PERMEATION; DIFFUSION; MEMBRANE; MOVEMENT; PORES; WIRE AB This paper describes a framework model for proton conduction through gramicidin; a model designed to incorporate information from molecular dynamics and use this to predict conductance properties. The state diagram describes both motion of an excess proton within the pore as well as the reorientation of waters within the pore in the absence of an excess proton. The model is constructed as the diffusion limit of a random walk, allowing control over the boundary behavior of trajectories. Simple assumptions about the boundary behavior are made, which allow an analytical solution for the proton current and conductance. This is compared with corresponding expressions from statistical mechanics. The random walk construction allows diffusing trajectories underlying the model to be simulated in a simple way. Details of the numerical algorithm are described. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Math, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Grp Rech Transport Membranaire, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Chim, Grp Rech Transport Membranaire, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Schumaker, MF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Math, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 BP 12 EP 30 PG 19 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 396QH UT WOS:000166647700002 PM 11159380 ER PT J AU Smith, GS Majewski, J Kuhl, T Israelachvili, J Wong, J AF Smith, GS Majewski, J Kuhl, T Israelachvili, J Wong, J TI Neutron reflectometry studies of model biomembranes at solid-liquid interfaces. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Wong, Joyce/F-3732-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 OI Wong, Joyce/0000-0002-3526-6381; NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 59 BP 14A EP 14A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200067 ER PT J AU Majewski, J Smith, GS Kuhl, TL Israelachvili, JN AF Majewski, J Smith, GS Kuhl, TL Israelachvili, JN TI Neutron and x-ray scattering studies of ganglioside and PEG-phospholipid monolayers at the air-water interface SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 95 BP 23A EP 23A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200104 ER PT J AU Garcia, AE AF Garcia, AE TI Modeling the pressure effects on protein folding and unfolding kinetics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 127 BP 30A EP 30A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200136 ER PT J AU Berry, EA Zhang, ZL Cobessi, D Huang, LS AF Berry, EA Zhang, ZL Cobessi, D Huang, LS TI Forces affecting the position of the mobile domain of the iron-sulfur protein (ISP) in the cytochrome bc(1) complex. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 198 BP 45A EP 45A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200207 ER PT J AU Zhengi, S Strzalka, J Ma, C Opella, SJ Ocko, BM Blasie, JK AF Zhengi, S Strzalka, J Ma, C Opella, SJ Ocko, BM Blasie, JK TI Structure of HIV-1 accessory protein VPU and its fragments VPU2.51 and VPU28-81 in Langmuir monolayers via synchrotron X-ray reflectivity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 220 BP 49A EP 50A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200229 ER PT J AU Tung, CS AF Tung, CS TI Local C-alpha conformation drives the peptide orientation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 261 BP 59A EP 59A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200270 ER PT J AU Becker, M Bunikis, J Lade, B Dunn, JJ Barbour, AG Lawson, CL AF Becker, M Bunikis, J Lade, B Dunn, JJ Barbour, AG Lawson, CL TI X-ray crystal structures of the C-terminal domain of outer surface protein B of Borrelia burgdorferi alone and in complex with a bactericidal F-AB. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 268 BP 60A EP 60A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200277 ER PT J AU Vogelsang, MS Salwinski, L Hubbell, WL AF Vogelsang, MS Salwinski, L Hubbell, WL TI Membrane structure of 425-442 region of colicin E1 pore forming domain: A site directed spin labeling study. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 583 BP 129A EP 129A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200592 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ AF Stevens, MJ TI Simple simulations of DNA condensation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POLYELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; COUNTERION-CONDENSATION; ATTRACTION AB Molecular dynamics simulations of a simple, bead-spring model of semiflexible polyelectrolytes such as DNA are performed. All charges are explicitly treated. Starting from extended, noncondensed conformations, condensed structures form in the simulations with tetravalent or trivalent counterions. No condensates form or are stable for divalent counterions. The mechanism by which condensates form is described. Briefly, condensation occurs because electrostatic interactions dominate entropy, and the favored coulombic structure is a charge-ordered state. Condensation is a generic phenomenon and occurs for a variety of polyelectrolyte parameters. Toroids and rods are the condensate structures. Toroids form preferentially when the molecular stiffness is sufficiently strong. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1111,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM msteve@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 13 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 BP 130 EP 139 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 396QH UT WOS:000166647700010 PM 11159388 ER PT J AU Tronin, A Strzalka, J Chen, XX Ocko, B Dutton, PL Blasie, JK AF Tronin, A Strzalka, J Chen, XX Ocko, B Dutton, PL Blasie, JK TI Reorientation of the alpha-helical synthetic peptide ZnPPIXBBC16 in a Langmuir monolayer SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 649 BP 146A EP 146A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200671 ER PT J AU Laurence, TA Chemla, DS Weiss, S AF Laurence, TA Chemla, DS Weiss, S TI Photon arrival time interval distribution analysis (PAID) - A new method to simultaneously analyze brightness, diffusion time, and concentration of biomolecules in solution SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X; weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 655.22 BP 151A EP 152A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200699 ER PT J AU Orr, G Montal, M Thrall, B Colson, S Lu, HP AF Orr, G Montal, M Thrall, B Colson, S Lu, HP TI Single channel patch-clamp recording coupled with linear and nonlinear confocal scanning fluorescence spectroscopy: Towards the simultaneous probing of single-ion channel conformational changes and channel kinetics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol, Neurobiol Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 655.18 BP 151A EP 151A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200695 ER PT J AU Licht, S Sonnleitner, A Chemla, DS Schultz, PG Weiss, S AF Licht, S Sonnleitner, A Chemla, DS Schultz, PG Weiss, S TI Structure and dynamics of clusters of C5a receptors formed in response to application of C5a to living HEK-293 cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 655.27 BP 153A EP 153A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200704 ER PT J AU Callahan, DE Parvin, B AF Callahan, DE Parvin, B TI Visual servoing for the detection, quantitation, and modulation of specific cell responses in subpopulations of multidrug resistant (MDR) human breast cancer cells. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 656.53 BP 169A EP 169A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200783 ER PT J AU Kapanidis, AN Lacoste, TD Mekler, V Mukhopadhyay, J Weiss, S Ebright, RH AF Kapanidis, AN Lacoste, TD Mekler, V Mukhopadhyay, J Weiss, S Ebright, RH TI Single-molecule fluorescence studies transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: Direct observation of abortive initiation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 677 BP 176A EP 176A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200809 ER PT J AU Snell, EH Vahedi-Faridi, A Lovelace, J Bellamy, H Borgstahl, GEO AF Snell, EH Vahedi-Faridi, A Lovelace, J Bellamy, H Borgstahl, GEO TI A test of macromolecular crystallization in microgravity: Large, well-ordered insulin crystals SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NASA, Struct Biol Lab, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 697 BP 180A EP 181A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200829 ER PT J AU Sonnleitner, A Licht, S Michalet, X Schultz, PG Weiss, S AF Sonnleitner, A Licht, S Michalet, X Schultz, PG Weiss, S TI Simultaneous dual color imaging of the C5a-receptor system in living HEK-293 cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 790 BP 201A EP 201A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200923 ER PT J AU Franco, RR Ferreira, GC Mangravita, A George, GN AF Franco, RR Ferreira, GC Mangravita, A George, GN TI Unraveling the substrate-metal binding site of ferrochelatase: An EXAFS study. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, P-2825 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Ferreira, Gloria/A-4709-2012; George, Graham/E-3290-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1156 BP 281A EP 281A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201288 ER PT J AU McMahon, B Frauenfelder, H Austin, R Chu, K Groves, JT AF McMahon, B Frauenfelder, H Austin, R Chu, K Groves, JT TI The role of structure, energy landscape, dynamics, and allostery in the enzymatic function of myoglobin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1180 BP 286A EP 286A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201312 ER PT J AU Gray, DM Mou, TC Terwilliger, TC Sreerama, N Woody, RW AF Gray, DM Mou, TC Terwilliger, TC Sreerama, N Woody, RW TI Y41F and Y41H mutants of Ff gene 5 protein differ in cooperative binding interactions in solution SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1222 BP 295A EP 295A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201354 ER PT J AU Cobessi, D Huang, LS Ban, M Pon, NG Daldal, F Berry, EA AF Cobessi, D Huang, LS Ban, M Pon, NG Daldal, F Berry, EA TI Structure of bacterioferritin from Rhodobacter capsulatus SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1226 BP 296A EP 296A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201358 ER PT J AU Huang, RY Miller, LM Carlson, CS AF Huang, RY Miller, LM Carlson, CS TI FTIR analysis of ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys and effect of nandrolone decanoate treatment SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1246 BP 300A EP 300A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201378 ER PT J AU Appiah-Kubi, AO Thundat, T AF Appiah-Kubi, AO Thundat, T TI The effect of varying salt concentrations on the response of microcantilevers. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1262 BP 304A EP 304A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201394 ER PT J AU Lauer, SA Goldstein, B Nolan, R Nolan, JP AF Lauer, SA Goldstein, B Nolan, R Nolan, JP TI Analysis of cholera toxin-ganglioside interaction by flow cytometry SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1306 BP 313A EP 314A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201437 ER PT J AU Tung, CS Stephen, GC Donal, WA Trewhella, J AF Tung, CS Stephen, GC Donal, WA Trewhella, J TI Structural modeling of the RC-heterodimer of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1340 BP 321A EP + PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201471 ER PT J AU Heller, WT Baird, GS Tsien, RY Trewhella, J AF Heller, WT Baird, GS Tsien, RY Trewhella, J TI Shape restoration by small-angle scattering and its application to Cameleon proteins. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1357 BP 324A EP 324A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201488 ER PT J AU Lu, HP Chen, Y AF Lu, HP Chen, Y TI Single-molecule spectroscopy study of the mechanisms and dynamics of non-covalent and covalent molecular interactions SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1425 BP 340A EP 340A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201557 ER PT J AU Misaghi, S Avila-Sakar, AJ Wilson-Kubalek, EM Zgurskaya, H Nikaido, H Downing, KH Glaeser, RM Nogales, E AF Misaghi, S Avila-Sakar, AJ Wilson-Kubalek, EM Zgurskaya, H Nikaido, H Downing, KH Glaeser, RM Nogales, E TI Structure of AcrA on a lipid monolayer SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1556 BP 370A EP 370A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201690 ER PT J AU Mourant, JR Gallagher, SC Matanock, A Taylor, A Trewhella, J AF Mourant, JR Gallagher, SC Matanock, A Taylor, A Trewhella, J TI THz spectroscopy to measure low-frequency protein motions SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1669 BP 396A EP 396A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201802 ER PT J AU Sanbonmatsu, KY Garcia, AE AF Sanbonmatsu, KY Garcia, AE TI Structure of Met-Enkephalin in explicit solvent using replica molecular dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1683 BP 399A EP 399A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201815 ER PT J AU Betzel, C Banumathi, S Rajashankar, K Genov, N AF Betzel, C Banumathi, S Rajashankar, K Genov, N TI Structure of the neurotoxic complex Vipoxin at 1.4 angstrom resolution: A unique example of evolution of the catalytic and toxic phospholipase A2 function into inhibitory and nontoxic ones SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Hamburg, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1691 BP 400A EP 400A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201823 ER PT J AU Tuma, R Tsuruta, H Prevelige, PE AF Tuma, R Tsuruta, H Prevelige, PE TI Assembly of bacteriophage P22 studied by solution X-ray scattering. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94309 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1692 BP 401A EP 401A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201824 ER PT J AU Provencal, RA Ruiz, JD Parikh, AN Shreve, AP AF Provencal, RA Ruiz, JD Parikh, AN Shreve, AP TI Substrate dependence of fluorophore mobility in supported lipid bilayers and formation of patterned supported/hybrid bilayers. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1797 BP 423A EP 424A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201929 ER PT J AU Parikh, AN Provencal, RA Ruiz, JD Clark, T Swanson, BI Shreve, AP AF Parikh, AN Provencal, RA Ruiz, JD Clark, T Swanson, BI Shreve, AP TI Supported lipid bilayer membranes on mesoporous thin films. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1801 BP 424A EP 424A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201933 ER PT J AU Lakshmi, KV Reifler, MJ Brudvig, GW Poluektov, OG Wagner, AM Thurnauer, MC AF Lakshmi, KV Reifler, MJ Brudvig, GW Poluektov, OG Wagner, AM Thurnauer, MC TI High-field EPR study of carotenoid and chlorophyll radicals in Photosystem II SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lakshmi, K. V./A-9787-2017 OI Lakshmi, K. V./0000-0001-5443-9017 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1823 BP 429A EP 429A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201956 ER PT J AU Svensson, B Tiede, DM Yocum, CF Barry, BA AF Svensson, B Tiede, DM Yocum, CF Barry, BA TI Small-angle X-ray scattering studies of the photosystem II manganese stabilizing protein SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1822 BP 429A EP 429A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201955 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ AF Stevens, MJ TI Simulations of DNA condensation and bundle formation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 2075 BP 485A EP 485A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692202208 ER PT J AU Nymeyer, H Onuchic, JN Garcia, AE AF Nymeyer, H Onuchic, JN Garcia, AE TI The determinants of conformational stability: How different potential interactions determine the shape of conformational space in a de-novo beta peptide SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 2125 BP 497A EP 497A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692202258 ER PT J AU Kneller, L Fschetti, RF Blasie, JK AF Kneller, L Fschetti, RF Blasie, JK TI Comparison of the Ca(+2)ATPase x-ray crystal structure with the enzyme's profile structure within both sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes and vectorially-oriented singel monolayers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 2143 BP 501A EP 501A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692202276 ER PT J AU Chen, EF Strauss, CEM Wen, YX Goldbeck, RA Lewis, JW Kliger, DS AF Chen, EF Strauss, CEM Wen, YX Goldbeck, RA Lewis, JW Kliger, DS TI A temperature jump time resolved optical rotatory dispersion technique for studying the kinetics of protein unfolding/folding. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 2482 BP 551A EP 551A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692202506 ER PT J AU Maness, SJ Franzen, S Dyer, RB AF Maness, SJ Franzen, S Dyer, RB TI Nanosecond dynamics of peptide folding and unfolding by temperature jump infrared probe spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 2486 BP 551A EP 552A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692202510 ER PT J AU Gulotta, M Gilmanshin, R Buscher, TC Callender, RH Dyer, RB AF Gulotta, M Gilmanshin, R Buscher, TC Callender, RH Dyer, RB TI Early apomyoglobin folding; Another path to follow SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yeshiva Univ, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. US Genom, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 2494 BP 553A EP 553A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692202518 ER PT J AU Werner, JH Dyer, RB Andersen, NH Fesinmeyer, RM AF Werner, JH Dyer, RB Andersen, NH Fesinmeyer, RM TI Monitoring fast events in protein folding: Model peptide studies SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 2495 BP 553A EP 553A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692202519 ER PT J AU Miller, L Tetenbaum, J AF Miller, L Tetenbaum, J TI When bridges collapse: The role of disulfide bonds in the structure and folding of soybean trypsin inhibitor SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Novatt, Jaclyn/H-3459-2013 OI Novatt, Jaclyn/0000-0002-3906-3469 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 2543 BP 563A EP 563A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692202566 ER PT J AU Harris, SP Gallagher, S Greaser, ML Moss, RL Trewhella, J AF Harris, SP Gallagher, S Greaser, ML Moss, RL Trewhella, J TI Small angle X-ray scattering by heavy meromyosin in solution. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Greaser, Marion/C-6147-2012 OI Greaser, Marion/0000-0002-6583-9566 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 2608 BP 577A EP 577A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692202631 ER PT J AU Arakawa, ET Tuminello, PS Khare, BN Milham, ME AF Arakawa, ET Tuminello, PS Khare, BN Milham, ME TI Optical properties of ovalbumin in 0.130-2.50 mu m spectral region SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE optical properties; ovalbumin; complex index of refraction ID PROTEINS AB In our continuing series of measurements of the complex index of refraction for representative samples of biological materials, we measured ovalbumin (egg albumin) over the spectral region from 0.130 (76,923 cm(-1)) to 2.50 mum (4000 cm(-1)). Films of ovalbumin suitable for optical analyses were prepared and measured in addition to solutions of ovalbumin in water. We show several examples of how the methods used in this study produced accurate results for this complex and difficult to measure material. The present work is applicable to quantitative optical studies involving ovalbumin and other serpin proteins, as well as the study of proteinaceous toxins. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Res & Technol Directorate, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Milham, ME (reprint author), Res & Technol Directorate, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2001 VL 62 IS 2 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1002/bip.1004 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 420AW UT WOS:000167982600005 PM 11288060 ER PT J AU Du, XL Frei, H Kim, SH AF Du, XL Frei, H Kim, SH TI Comparison of nitrophenylethyl and hydroxyphenacyl caging groups SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE caged compounds; Ras; Fourier transform IR spectroscopy; adenosine triphosphate/guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis ID PHOTOACTIVATED PROTECTING GROUPS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; P-HYDROXYPHENACYL; GTP HYDROLYSIS; RAS P21; PHOTOTRIGGER; PRODUCT; BINDING AB Nitrophenylethyl (NPE)- and hydroxyphenacyl (HPA)-caged nucleotides were employed in a time-resolved Fourier transform IR spectroscopy study on Ras-catalyzed guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis. A fast kinetic component was observed following the photolysis of NPE-caged nucleotides in the NPE-GTP-Ras complex. However, this kinetic component was not observed in the HPA-GTP-Ras experiment. This fast kinetic component was likely due to a chemical reaction between Ras and the detached caging group, nitrosoacetophenone. This communication serves as a note of caution in interpreting spectral changes and kinetic behavior of the enzymatic systems employing NPE-caged compounds. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Melvin Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Melvin Calvin Lab, Room 220, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2001 VL 62 IS 3 BP 147 EP 149 DI 10.1002/bip.1007 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 428NX UT WOS:000168468700003 PM 11343283 ER PT J AU Ashby, SF Holst, MJ Manteuffel, TA Saylor, PE AF Ashby, SF Holst, MJ Manteuffel, TA Saylor, PE TI The role of the inner product in stopping criteria for conjugate gradient iterations SO BIT LA English DT Article DE stopping criteria; conjugate gradient methods; B-normal matrices ID LINEAR-SYSTEMS; GAUSSIAN-ELIMINATION; NUMERICAL STABILITY AB Two natural and efficient stopping criteria are derived for conjugate gradient (CG) methods, based on iteration parameters. The derivation makes use of the inner product matrix B defining the CG method. In particular, the relationship between the eigenvalues and B-norm of a matrix is investigated, and it is shown that the ratio of largest to smallest eigenvalues defines the B-condition number of the matrix. Upper and lower bounds on various measures of the error are also given. The compound stopping criterion presented here is an obvious "default" in software packages because it does not require any additional norm computations. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Math, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3835 J9 BIT JI Bit PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1 BP 26 EP 52 DI 10.1023/A:1021961616621 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 408PP UT WOS:000167334800002 ER PT J AU Parsons, SF Lee, G Spring, FA Willig, TN Peters, LL Gimm, JA Tanner, MJA Mohandas, N Anstee, DJ Chasis, JA AF Parsons, SF Lee, G Spring, FA Willig, TN Peters, LL Gimm, JA Tanner, MJA Mohandas, N Anstee, DJ Chasis, JA TI Lutheran blood group glycoprotein and its newly characterized mouse homologue specifically bind alpha 5 chain-containing human laminin with high affinity SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE; LU-A/LU-B; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY; GROUP ANTIGENS; SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; GENE; MEMBER; MAPS AB Lutheran blood group glycoproteins (Lu gps) are receptors for the extracellular matrix protein, laminin, Studies suggest that Lu gps may contribute to vasoocclusion in sickle cell disease and it has recently been shown that sickle cells adhere to laminin isoforms containing the alpha5 chain (laminin 10/11), Laminin alpha5 is present in the subendothelium and is also a constituent of bone marrow sinusoids, suggesting a role for the Lu/laminin interaction in erythropoiesis, The objectives of the current study were to define more precisely the molecular interactions of the extracellular and intracellular regions of human Lu and to clone and characterize a mouse homologue, To this end, complementary DNA and genomic clones for the mouse homologue were sequenced and the mouse Lu gene mapped to a region on chromosome 7 with conserved synteny with human 19q13.2, Mouse and human Lu gps are highly conserved (72% identity) at the amino acid sequence level and both mouse and human Lu gps specifically bind laminin 10/11 with high affinity. Furthermore, the first 3, N-terminal, immunoglobulin superfamily domains of human Lu are critical for this interaction. The results indicated that the cytoplasmic domain of BRIC 221-labeled human Lu gp is linked with the spectrin-baaed skeleton, affording the speculation that this interaction may be critical for signal transduction. These results further support a role for Lu gps in sickle cell disease and indicate the utility of mouse models to explore the function of Lu gp-laminin 10/11 interaction in normal erythropoiesis and in sickle cell disease. (C) 2001 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bristol Inst Transfus Sci, Bristol BS10 5ND, Avon, England. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Chasis, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 74,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL064885]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32094, DK56267, DK26263] NR 40 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.1182/blood.V97.1.312 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 388JL UT WOS:000166177300040 PM 11133776 ER PT J AU Soriano, C Baldasano, JM Buttler, WT Moore, KR AF Soriano, C Baldasano, JM Buttler, WT Moore, KR TI Circulatory patterns of air pollutants within the Barcelona air basin in a summertime situation: Lidar and numerical approaches SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE elastic-backscatter lidar; lidar; mesoscale meteorology; numerical modeling ID LOWER FRASER VALLEY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AREA; HEIGHT; MODEL AB This work examines circulatory patterns of air pollutants in the area of Barcelona (Spain), a region with strong coastal and orographic influences. This was achieved through exploitation of elastic-backscatter lidar data and by numerical simulation of the atmosphere with a meteorological mesoscale model (MEMO). Lidar data were acquired in July 1992 during a collaborative campaign between Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC). The lidar provided information about the distribution of aerosols and the prevailing winds, determined by application of a maximum cross-correlation algorithm to elastic-backscatter lidar data. Lidar winds are used to evaluate high altitude winds simulated by the model. This study showed that circulatory patterns in Barcelona are correlated with daytime convective vertical mixing, sea-breeze circulations, and vertical forcing caused by mountain thermal and mechanical effects. C1 Univ Politecn Catalunya, ETSEIB, DPE, Lab Environm Modeling, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys P22, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Non Proliferat & Int Secur 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Soriano, C (reprint author), Univ Politecn Catalunya, ETSEIB, DPE, Lab Environm Modeling, Av Diagonal 647,10-24, Barcelona 08028, Spain. RI Soriano, Cecilia/E-6200-2013 OI Soriano, Cecilia/0000-0002-2445-5398 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 98 IS 1 BP 33 EP 55 DI 10.1023/A:1018726923826 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 373CU UT WOS:000165271500002 ER PT J AU Korber, B Gaschen, B Yusim, K Thakallapally, R Kesmir, C Detours, V AF Korber, B Gaschen, B Yusim, K Thakallapally, R Kesmir, C Detours, V TI Evolutionary and immunological implications of contemporary HIV-1 variation SO BRITISH MEDICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; MHC CLASS-I; A H1N1 VIRUSES; PRIMARY INFECTION; GROUP-O; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; EXPRESSION PLASMID; POSITIVE SELECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES AB Evolutionary modelling studies indicate less than a century has passed since the most recent common ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains and, in that time frame, an extraordinarily diverse viral population has developed. HIV-1 employs a multitude of schemes to generate variants: accumulation of base substitutions, insertions and deletions, addition and loss of glycosylation sites in the envelope protein, and recombination. A Comparison between HIV and influenza virus illustrates the extraordinary scale of HIV variation, and underscores the importance of exploring innovative HIV vaccine strategies. Deeper understanding of the implications of variation for both antibody and T-cell responses may help in the effort to rationally design vaccines that stimulate broad cross-reactivity. The impact of HIV-1 variation on host immune response is reviewed in this context. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Biotechnol, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, Lyngby, Denmark. RP Korber, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Kesmir, Can/B-9410-2011; OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 130 TC 269 Z9 279 U1 1 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0007-1420 J9 BRIT MED BULL JI Br. Med. Bull. PY 2001 VL 58 BP 19 EP 42 DI 10.1093/bmb/58.1.19 PG 24 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 493AG UT WOS:000172199400004 PM 11714622 ER PT J AU Mikhailovich, VM Lapa, SA Gryadunov, DA Strizhkov, BN Sobolev, AY Skotnikova, OI Irtuganova, OA Moroz, AM Litvinov, VI Shipina, LK Vladimirskii, MA Chernousova, LN Erokhin, VV Mirzabekov, AD AF Mikhailovich, VM Lapa, SA Gryadunov, DA Strizhkov, BN Sobolev, AY Skotnikova, OI Irtuganova, OA Moroz, AM Litvinov, VI Shipina, LK Vladimirskii, MA Chernousova, LN Erokhin, VV Mirzabekov, AD TI Detection of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by hybridization and polymerase chain reaction on a specialized TB-Microchip SO BULLETIN OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; microchip; rifampicin; hybridization; polymerase chain reaction ID MUTATIONS; PCR AB Two alternative methods for identification of rifampicin-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on biological microchips are developed. The methods are based on detection of point mutations and other rearrangements in the rpoB gene region determining rifampicin resistance. Hybridization on TB-microchip detects 30 mutant variants of DNA in rifampicin-resistant strains (about 95% of all resistant forms). Allele-specific microchip PCR shortens the duration of analysis to 1.5 h. These methods can be used in clinical diagnostic laboratories for evaluating drug resistance/sensitivity of tuberculosis agent and for monitoring of the efficiency of antibiotic therapy. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Mol Biol, Moscow 117901, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. I M Setchenov Moscow Med Acad, Moscow TB Control Ctr, Inst Phthisiopulmonol, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Med Sci, Cent Inst TB, Moscow 109801, Russia. RI Gryadunov, Dmitry/F-5251-2014 OI Gryadunov, Dmitry/0000-0003-3183-318X NR 15 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CONSULTANTS BUREAU PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4888 J9 B EXP BIOL MED+ JI Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 131 IS 1 BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.1023/A:1017555318388 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 465YF UT WOS:000170617000022 PM 11329093 ER PT J AU Reidys, C Forst, CV Schuster, P AF Reidys, C Forst, CV Schuster, P TI Replication and mutation on neutral networks SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURES; COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; HOLEY ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPES; SEQUENCE STRUCTURE MAPS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; EXHAUSTIVE ENUMERATION; IN-VITRO; MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; SPACE AB Folding of RNA sequences into secondary structures is viewed as a map that assigns a uniquely defined base pairing pattern to every sequence. The mapping is non-invertible since many sequences fold into the same minimum free energy (secondary) structure or shape. The pre-images of this map, called neutral networks, are uniquely associated with the shapes and vice versa. Random graph theory is used to construct networks in sequence space which are suitable models for neutral networks. The theory of molecular quasispecies has been applied to replication and mutation on single-peak fitness landscapes. This concept is extended by considering evolution on degenerate multi-peak landscapes which originate from neutral networks by assuming that one particular shape is fitter than all the others. On such a single-shape landscape the superior fitness value is assigned to all sequences belonging to the master shape. All other shapes are lumped together and their fitness values are averaged in a way that is reminiscent of mean field theory. Replication and mutation on neutral networks are modeled by phenomenological rate equations as well as by a stochastic birth-and-death model. In analogy to the error threshold in sequence space the phenotypic error threshold separates two scenarios: (i) a stationary (fittest) master shape surrounded by closely related shapes and (ii) populations drifting through shape space by a diffusion-like process. The error classes of the quasispecies model are replaced by distance classes between the master shape and the other structures. Analytical results are derived for single-shape landscapes, in particular, simple expressions are obtained for the mean fraction of master shapes in a population and for phenotypic error thresholds. The analytical results are complemented by data obtained from computer simulation of the underlying stochastic processes. The predictions of the phenomenological approach on the single-shape landscape are very well reproduced by replication and mutation kinetics of tRNA(phe). Simulation of the stochastic process at a resolution of individual distance classes yields data which are in excellent agreement with the results derived from the birth-and-death model. (C) 2001 Society for Mathematical Biology. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem & Mol Strukturbiol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Schuster, P (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem & Mol Strukturbiol, Waehringer Guertel 18, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM pks@tbi.univie.ac.at NR 68 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 EI 1522-9602 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 BP 57 EP 94 DI 10.1006/bulm.2000.0206 PG 38 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 385VP UT WOS:000166026000003 PM 11146884 ER PT J AU Naftel, SJ Martin, RR Jones, KW Feng, H Savard, MM Begin, C AF Naftel, SJ Martin, RR Jones, KW Feng, H Savard, MM Begin, C TI Synchrotron radiation analysis of a smelter impacted tree-ring sample SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL SCIENCES AND SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE micro-synchrotron X-ray fluorescence; tree rings AB Dendroanalysis, the study of the element distribution in tree rings, suffers from the large number of analyses required to characterize the radial distribution of elements in a tree stem over a reasonable time period. Micro-Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence provides a promising approach since it is capable of interrogating stem sections corresponding to the order of 100 years of growth in a reasonable time. The Synchrotron Micro X-ray Fluorescence results presented here, representative of tree growth between 1895 and 1997, were obtained from a black spruce (Picea mariana) impact ed by air-borne metal pollutants from a metal smelter. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPECTROSCOPY SOC CANADA, OTTAWA PI OTTAWA PA C/O DR J G SEN GUPTA, PO BOX 332, STATION A, OTTAWA, ONTARIO KIN8V3, CANADA SN 1205-6685 J9 CAN J ANAL SCI SPECT JI Can. J. Anal. Sci. Spectrosc. PY 2001 VL 46 IS 4 BP 118 EP 122 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 549WQ UT WOS:000175470100002 ER PT J AU Frenkel, AI Korshin, GV AF Frenkel, AI Korshin, GV TI Studies of Cu(II) in soil by X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium of the Canadian-National-Chapter of the International-Humic-Substances-Society CY AUG 10, 1999 CL CHARLOTTETOWN, CANADA SP Int Hum Subst Soc, Canadian Soc Soil Sci, Int Union Soil Sci, Working Grp MO DE soil; copper; humic; speciation; extended X-ray absorption fine structure; X-ray absorption near edge structure ID FINE-STRUCTURE; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; SPECIATION; DISTORTION; COPPER; XANES; SALTS; SITE AB Based on original data for copper, this paper evaluates the use and advantages of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) in studies of heavy metals in soils. The structural parameters of the Cu(2+) target were quantified for soil exposed to copper and the same soil eluted with 0.1 M HCl. Experimental data were obtained using synchrotron sources of second and third generations. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) indicated that the copper in both samples is likely to be predominantly bound by oxygen-containing functional groups. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis showed that the equatorial Cu-O distances were similar to those seen for Cu(2+)-humic complexes in aqueous solutions, but the axial distances for both samples were longer than in water. In the axial direction, this may indicate a type of ligation dissimilar to that in solutions. The magnitude of the mean square deviation of the axial Cu-O distance in the 0.1 M HCl eluted sample indicated a stronger bond compared with that in the sample containing both extractable and tightly bound copper. The results indicate that careful examination of structural data for sequentially eluted soils in combination with the development of new radiation sources to improve the sensitivity and quality of the data are likely to improve insight into the nature of interactions between heavy metals and soil. C1 Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Frenkel, AI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510 E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011; OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207; Korshin, Gregory/0000-0002-9226-6601 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PY 2001 VL 81 IS 3 SI SI BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 501XF UT WOS:000172710800004 ER PT J AU Liu, C Frenkel, AI Vairavamurthy, A Huang, PM AF Liu, C Frenkel, AI Vairavamurthy, A Huang, PM TI Sorption of cadmium on humic acid: Mechanistic and kinetic studies with atomic force microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium of the Canadian-National-Chapter of the International-Humic-Substances-Society CY AUG 10, 1999 CL CHARLOTTETOWN, CANADA SP Int Hum Subst Soc, Canadian Soc Soil Sci, Int Union Soil Sci, Working Grp MO DE cadmium; humate complexes; conformation; atomic force microscopy; EXAFS ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; SURFACE-AREA; POTASSIUM; COMPLEXES; METAL; DESORPTION; MODEL; BIOAVAILABILITY; SUBSTANCES AB Humic acids (HA) constitute a major fraction of the organic matter in soils and sediments. Little is known about the kinetics and mechanisms of Cd sorption by HAs, especially those pertaining to the surface features and structure of the Cd-humate complexes. We investigated Cd sorption by HA using the conventional batch method, N(2)-BET method, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to gain a better understanding of the kinetics and mechanisms. Cadmium sorption by HA can be described by the parabolic diffusion equation. The increase in the apparent diffusion coefficient with an increase in the initial Cd concentration was less pronounced at higher initial Cd concentrations, apparently due to an enhancement in aggregation of the Cd-humate complexes. The HA before and after Cd sorption at Cd concentrations less than or equal to 10(-6) M in different reaction times was spheroidal in shape. The Cd-humate complexes formed at 10(-4) and 10(-3) M Cd gradually changed to resemble the shape of a bean with increasing reaction time, thereby substantially decreasing their specific surface. Cadmium ions raveled the spheroidal HA particles into a bean-like structure by coordinating to six O atoms from the functional groups of HA, with a Cd-O distance of 2.297(2) Angstrom. The Cd-O bond strength decreased with increasing initial Cd concentration. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huang, PM (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PY 2001 VL 81 IS 3 SI SI BP 337 EP 348 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 501XF UT WOS:000172710800012 ER PT J AU Colomer, R Shamon, LA Tsai, MS Lupu, R AF Colomer, R Shamon, LA Tsai, MS Lupu, R TI Herceptin: From the bench to the clinic SO CANCER INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-BREAST-CANCER; HER2/NEU-OVEREXPRESSING METASTATIC BREAST; ANTI-P185(HER2) MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; RESHAPING HUMAN-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN-BINDING DOMAINS; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; TUMOR-CELL-GROWTH; ANTI-P185HER2 ANTIBODY; CARCINOMA CELLS; TYROSINE KINASE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hosp 12 Octubre, E-28041 Madrid, Spain. RP Lupu, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 934, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Colomer, Ramon/C-5142-2008 OI Colomer, Ramon/0000-0002-6393-3444 NR 45 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0735-7907 J9 CANCER INVEST JI Cancer Invest. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1081/CNV-100000074 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 412RZ UT WOS:000167569300008 PM 11291556 ER PT J AU Wood, GO AF Wood, GO TI Affinity coefficients of the Polanyi/Dubinin adsorption isotherm equations - A review with compilations and correlations SO CARBON LA English DT Review DE activated carbon; adsorption; affinity coefficients ID BPL ACTIVATED CARBON; GAS-ADSORPTION; BINARY ADSORPTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; VAPOR ADSORPTION; WATER-ADSORPTION; DUBININ-ASTAKHOV; COADSORPTION; EQUILIBRIA; CAPACITIES AB A historical review presents the assumptions and approximations made in the Polanyi and Dubinin adsorption theories, which have defined the affinity coefficient beta and proposed parameters to calculate it. A previous compilation of experimental beta [Wood GO. Activated carbon adsorption capacities for vapors. Carbon 1991:30:593-599] for gases and vapors on activated carbons has been supplemented to more than double the available database. Experimental affinity coefficients reported and calculated for water vapor have also been compiled. For water vapor at relative humidity >50% on normal industrial (unacidified) activated carbons, 0.1 is a good average value of the affinity coefficient relative to that of benzene. Direct correlations of experimental affinity coefficients (other than for water) with molecular parachor, molar polarizability, and molar volume were successful (beta standard deviations of 0.09, 0.12, and 0.12, respectively). Power functions with exponents less than unity (0.9, 0.75, and 0.9, respectively) provided slightly better fits of predictions to experimental values (standard deviations of 0.08, 0.10, and 0.11, respectively). Any of these correlations can be used. Listed advantages of using molar polarization make it the correlation parameter of preference. Correlation of beta with critical temperature was largely unsuccessful. No obvious effects of adsorbate polarity, adsorbent molecular sieve properties. or form of the Dubinin equations were detected for beta and its correlations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wood, GO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K-486, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 67 TC 113 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 343 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00128-7 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 401GU UT WOS:000166920500003 ER PT J AU Muramatsu, Y Ueno, Y Ishiwata, Y Eguchi, R Watanabe, M Shin, S Perera, RCC AF Muramatsu, Y Ueno, Y Ishiwata, Y Eguchi, R Watanabe, M Shin, S Perera, RCC TI Soft X-ray emission and absorption spectra in the O K region of oxygen incorporated in microporous carbon SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; oxidation; chemical structure ID ALPHA-CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; SURFACE; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; BENZENE AB Soft X-ray emission and absorption spectra in the O K region of oxygen incorporated in microporous carbon were measured using synchrotron radiation, in order to directly observe the oxygen and identify its chemical bonding states on the graphitic surface in microporous carbon. The O K X-ray emission spectrum exhibits a peak at 526 eV with a low-energy tail, and the absorption spectrum at the O K threshold exhibits a sharp peak at 531.5 eV and then rises from 535 eV. Spectral feature analysis using DV-Xa molecular orbital calculations show that the measured X-ray spectra are not sufficiently explained by H2O or typical substituents, such as -OH, -CHO, and -COOH, on the graphitic surfaces. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NTT, Lifestyle & Environm Technol Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. KEK, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI EGUCHI, Ritsuko/H-4129-2011; Ueno, Yuko/H-5651-2012 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2001 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1399 EP 1402 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00259-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 443XH UT WOS:000169368200013 ER PT J AU Muramatsu, Y Hirono, S Umemura, S Ueno, Y Hayashi, T Grush, MM Gullikson, EM Perera, RCC AF Muramatsu, Y Hirono, S Umemura, S Ueno, Y Hayashi, T Grush, MM Gullikson, EM Perera, RCC TI Soft X-ray emission and absorption spectra in the C K region of sputtered amorphous carbon films SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE amorphous carbon; coating; electronic structure ID ALPHA-CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; DIAMOND; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; EDGE AB Soft X-ray emission and absorption spectra in the C K region of amorphous carbon films systematically deposited by RF, ion-beam, and ECR sputtering under various deposition conditions were measured using highly brilliant synchrotron radiation. A broad main peak and a high-energy shoulder were observed in the emission spectra, and a fine structure consisting of at least five peaks was observed in the absorption spectra. By analogy to the occupied/unoccupied C2p-DOS obtained by DV-X alpha molecular orbital calculations of simple cluster models composed of sp(2) and sp(3) carbon atoms, we approximately explained the spectral features in the measured X-ray emission spectra by sigma and pi bonds and estimated the fine structures in the absorption spectra by the hybridized unoccupied molecular orbitals formed by the local-structures composed of sp(2) and sp(3) carbon atoms. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. NTT, AFTY Corp, Musashino, Tokyo 1808585, Japan. Chiba Inst Technol, Narashino, Chiba 2750016, Japan. NTT, Lifestyle & Environm Technol Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. Corning Japan KK, Shizuoka 4371397, Japan. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. RI Ueno, Yuko/H-5651-2012 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2001 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1403 EP 1407 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00260-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 443XH UT WOS:000169368200014 ER PT S AU Louie, SG AF Louie, SG BE Dresselhaus, MS Dresselhaus, G Avouris, PH TI Electronic properties, junctions, and defects of carbon nanotubes SO CARBON NANOTUB ES: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review ID BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; QUANTUM WIRES; SINGLE-WALL; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FULLERENE TUBULES; GRAPHITIC CARBON; BACK SCATTERING; BROKEN SYMMETRY; FIELD-EMISSION; CONDUCTANCE AB The nanometer dimensions of the carbon nanotubes together with the unique electronic structure of a graphene sheet make the electronic properties of these one-dimensional structures highly unusual. This chapter reviews sonic theoretical work on the relation between the atomic structure and the electronic and transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. In addition to the ideal tubes, results on the quantum conductance of nanotube junctions and tubes with defects will be discussed. On-tube met;tl-semiconductor, semiconductor-semiconductor, and metal-metal junctions have been studied. Other defects such as substitutional impurities and pentagon-heptagon defect pairs on tube walls are shown to produce interesting effects on the conductance. The effects of static external perturbations on the transport properties of metallic nanotubes and doped semiconducting nanotubes are examined, with the metallic tubes being much less affected by long-range disorder. The structure and properties of crossed nanotube junctions and ropes of nanotubes have also been studied. The rich interplay between the structural and the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes gives rise to new phenomena and the possibility of nanoscale device applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Louie, SG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM louie@jungle.berkeley.edu NR 87 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 54 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 3-540-41086-4 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2001 VL 80 BP 113 EP 145 PG 33 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BS49C UT WOS:000170063800006 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA Borodko, YG AF Somorjai, GA Borodko, YG TI Research in nanosciences - Great opportunity for catalysis science SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nanoparticle catalysts; 100% catalyst selectivity; electronic structure of catalysts; atomic surface structure; catalyst synthesis; catalysts characterization ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CLUSTERS; SURFACE; REACTIVITY; GEOMETRY; LIGANDS; LIMITS AB Catalysts represent the oldest commercial application of nanotechnology. It is suggested that the focus of catalysis research in the 21st century should be on achieving 100% selectivity for the desired product (clean manufacturing). The molecular ingredients of selectivity are not well understood. The electronic and atomic structures of nanoclusters should be investigated as a function of their size, Because of the facile restructuring of metal clusters under reaction conditions they have to be characterized in situ. New synthetic methods need to be developed to produce catalyst particles with the same size, structure and location on the support. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 43 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 21 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2001 VL 76 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1023/A:1016711323302 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 494FP UT WOS:000172271300001 ER PT J AU Sault, AG Ruffner, JA Mudd, JE AF Sault, AG Ruffner, JA Mudd, JE TI Deposition and characterization of highly oriented Mg-3(VO4)(2) thin film catalysts. 2. Controlled variation of oxygen content SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnesium vanadate; oxidative hydrogenation; thin film catalyst; model catalyst ID OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; MAGNESIUM ORTHOVANADATE; VMGO CATALYST; PROPANE AB Thin films of magnesium vanadates oriented to expose a single crystalline face, could potentially sense as ideal models for high surface area magnesium vanadate catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation. The growth of oriented films of one particular magnesium vanadate phase, the orthovanadate (Mg-3(VO4)(2)), has been achieved by rf sputter deposition of the orthovanadate onto Au(111) surfaces. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to investigate the structure and composition of the films. The orthorhombic orthovanadate grows epitaxially with the (021) plane oriented parallel to the surface. By varying oxygen flow rates during deposition the stoichiometry of the films can be varied from fully oxidized to highly oxygen deficient. At very low oxygen flow rates or in the complete absence of oxygen, a reduced Mg3V2O6 phase is formed. This reduced phase has a cubic structure and grows with the (100) plane parallel to the surface. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Catalyt & Porous Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Elect & Opt Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sault, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Catalyt & Porous Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2001 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1023/A:1012326129634 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 501BL UT WOS:000172663100009 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Peden, CHF Choi, S AF Wang, Y Peden, CHF Choi, S TI Preparation of highly dispersed Cs-tungstophosphoric acid salt on MCM-41 silica SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alkylation; cesium salt of tungstophosphoric acid; MCM-41 silica; supported catalyst ID COMPRISING HETEROPOLY ACID; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; MOLECULAR-SIEVE; ALKYLATION; CHEMISTRY; MOLYBDENUM; TUNGSTEN; COMPOUND AB This paper describes a grafting technique that we developed for preparing highly dispersed Cs-tungstophosphoric acid (Cs-TPA) salt on a mesoporous silica carrier (MCM-41) using alcohols as solvents during impregnation. It is shown that this procedure leads to a novel class of catalysts with high dispersion of Cs-TPA salts which exhibit significantly improved catalytic performances for the alkylation of 1,3,5-tlimethylbenzene with cyclohexene than those prepared using water as the solvent. Catalyst activity demonstrated to have a clear correlation with the type of alcohol used during impregnation which decreased in the following order: 1-butanol > 1-propanol approximate to ethanol > water. Adsorption data using molecules of various sizes suggest that our novel catalysts maintained open pore structures after the impregnation with tungstophosphoric acid (TPA). For comparison purposes, we also used a prior published method to prepare Cs-TPA on MCM-41, which seemed to have suffered unfavorable structural changes such as partial pore clogging leading to significant transport limitations for the reactants examined here. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2001 VL 75 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1023/A:1016787820827 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 490BN UT WOS:000172030500007 ER PT S AU Gracia, FJ Wolf, EE Miller, JT Kropf, AJ AF Gracia, FJ Wolf, EE Miller, JT Kropf, AJ BE Spivey, JJ Roberts, GW Davis, BH TI EXAFS and activity studies of the poisoning effect of Cl on Pt/Al2O3 catalysts during oxidation reactions SO CATALYST DEACTIVATION 2001, PROCEEDINGS SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Catalyst Deactivation (ISCD) CY OCT 13-15, 2001 CL LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY SP ExxonMobil Res & Engn, BP ID METHANE OXIDATION; TEMPERATURE; PLATINUM; COMBUSTION AB The effect of Cl on the activity of Pt/Al2O3 catalysts for methane oxidation has been studied by H-2 and CO chemisorption, O-2 isotopic exchange, kinetic studies and EXAFS spectroscopy. Catalysts containing 1.5% Pt/Al2O3 were prepared by incipient wetness from H2PtCl6 and Pt(NH3)(4)(NO3)(2) precursors. Both reduced catalysts have similar dispersion (0.8) as determined by H-2 chemisorption. At low methane concentration (0.3 vol.% CH4, 16 vol.% 02) the Cl-free catalyst was about 20 times more active during complete methane oxidation than the Cl-containing catalyst. Both CO chemisorption and oxygen exchange were observed on the Cl-free catalyst, whereas they were not detected on the Cl-containing catalyst. On the Cl-free catalyst, only Pt-Pt and Pt-O bonds were detected from the EXAFS results, while on the Cl-containing catalyst additional Pt-Cl bonds were present. The effect of chlorine on activity strongly depended on the reactant concentration. Exposure of the Cl-free catalyst to higher concentrations of methane (3 vol.% CH4) reduced the activity to a level similar to that of the Cl-containing catalyst. Addition of HCl to the Cl-free catalyst rendered the activity identical to the catalyst prepared from Cl-containing precursors. A model is proposed to explain the mechanism of chloride poisoning, which appears to be site blocking. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. BP Res Ctr, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gracia, FJ (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Gracia, Francisco/I-2145-2013; Kropf, Arthur/B-8665-2015 OI Gracia, Francisco/0000-0001-5266-3234; NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-50477-X J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2001 VL 139 BP 471 EP 478 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BV09Z UT WOS:000177817200059 ER PT J AU Kunz-Schughart, LA Habbersett, RC Freyer, JP AF Kunz-Schughart, LA Habbersett, RC Freyer, JP TI Impact of proliferative activity and tumorigenic conversion on mitochondrial function of fibroblasts in 2D and 3D culture SO CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE 3-D culture; flow cytometry; rhodamine123; 10N-nonyl acridine orange; Hoechst 33342; spheroids; cell cycle ID MULTICELLULAR TUMOR SPHEROIDS; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; AUTOMATED SELECTIVE DISSOCIATION; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; ACRIDINE-ORANGE; CELL-CYCLE; METABOLIC ALTERATIONS; MEMBRANE-POTENTIALS; DIFFERENT REGIONS AB The purpose of the present study was to examine mitochondrial function in differently transformed cells relative to their tumorigenic state and proliferative activity in vitro. An established two-step carcinogenesis model consisting of immortal and tumorigenic rat embryo fibroblasts that can be cultured as monolayers and multicellular spheroids was investigated. Flow cytometric measurements were carried out using the two mitochondrial-specific fluorochromes rhodamine 123 (Rh123) and 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO), in combination with the DNA dye Hoechst 33342 for simultaneous cell cycle analysis. Since the accumulation of Rh123 depends on mitochondrial membrane potential, Rh123 fluorescence intensity gives an estimate of mitochondrial activity per cell, as determined by both overall mitochondrial function and mass. In contrast, NAO uptake reflects mitochondrial mass only, as it binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane independently of membrane potential. Aliquots of cell suspensions derived from exponential monolayer, confluent monolayer, and a range of sizes of multicellular spheroids were stained with either Rh123 or NAO and Hoechst 33342, then mitochondrial mass and activity per unit cell volume and cellular DNA content were measured by flow cytometry. Differences in the average mitochondrial activity per cell in different cell lines and culture conditions were primarily due to alterations in cell volume. Importantly, tumorigenic conversion by ras-transfection did not consistently change mitochondrial activity per unit cell volume. The mitochondrial mass per unit cell volume increased for all cells when cellular quiescence was induced, either in monolayers or spheroids. However, mitochondrial function (activity/mass) decreased when cells became quiescent, resulting in a positive correlation between mitochondrial function and S-phase fraction, independent of transformation status or culture condition. We conclude that mitochondrial function reflects proliferative activity rather than tumorigenic conversion. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Langham Resource, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Regensburg, Inst Pathol, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany. RP Freyer, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Langham Resource, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-51150]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-07845] NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1065-6995 EI 1095-8355 J9 CELL BIOL INT JI Cell Biol. Int. PY 2001 VL 25 IS 9 BP 919 EP 930 DI 10.1006/cbir.2001.0786 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 466FY UT WOS:000170635400008 PM 11518499 ER PT J AU Zhang, C DeLisi, C AF Zhang, C DeLisi, C TI Protein folds: molecular systematics in three dimensions SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE structural genomics; motif; number of folds; classification; protein family; evolution; functions and pathways ID STRUCTURAL GENOMICS; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; BETA; EVOLUTION; ALIGNMENT; FAMILIES; SEQUENCE; MOTIFS; CLASSIFICATIONS; SUPERFAMILIES AB Advances in methods of structure determination have led to the accumulation of large amounts of protein structural data. Some 500 distinct protein folds have now been characterized, representing one-third of all globular folds that exist. The range of known structural types and the relatively large fraction of the protein universe that has already been sampled have greatly facilitated the discovery of some unifying principles governing protein structure and evolutionary relationships. These include a highly skewed distribution of topological arrangements of secondary-structure elements that favors a few very common connectivities and a highly skewed distribution in the capacity of folds to accommodate unrelated sequences. These and other observations suggest that the number of folds is far fewer than the number of genes, and that the fold universe is dominated by a small number of giant attractors that accommodate large numbers of unrelated sequences. Thus all basic protein folds will likely be determined in the near future, laying the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical and cellular functions of whole organisms. C1 Boston Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP DeLisi, C (reprint author), Boston Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-682X J9 CELL MOL LIFE SCI JI Cell. Mol. Life Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 58 IS 1 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1007/PL00000779 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 402LJ UT WOS:000166988300005 PM 11229818 ER PT S AU Hetherington, DL Stein, DJ Benecke, JD Hester, PJ AF Hetherington, DL Stein, DJ Benecke, JD Hester, PJ BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Polysilicon chemical-mechanical polishing process characterization using a non-contact capacitance probe technique SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON FILMS; DEPOSITION; DRAM AB Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) processes for polysilicon were characterized using a non-contact capacitance probe metrology system. Similar characterization was made using standard ellipsometric measurements. Metrics included thickness removed and within wafer non-uniformity of the thickness removed. The throughput using the capacitive gauge technique is 40 wafers/hour and 5 wafers/hour using ellipsometry. Polysilicon coated wafers were polished and measured using a full-factorial experiment in speed, pressure, and metrology technique including 3 centerpoint runs. The polish time was adjusted to ensure similar amounts of material were removed regardless of the speed and pressure setting. Analysis indicates that both measurement techniques agree well (0.9692 R-2 linear fit) and the effects due to pressure (-114.5 nm) and speed (21.7 nm) are significantly greater than the effect due to metrology technique (7.4 nm). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hetherington, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 416 EP 420 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800065 ER PT S AU Schmid, GJ Glebov, VY Friensehner, AV Hargrove, DR Hatchett, SP Izumi, N Lerche, RA Phillips, TW Sangster, TC Silbernagel, C Stoeckl, C AF Schmid, GJ Glebov, VY Friensehner, AV Hargrove, DR Hatchett, SP Izumi, N Lerche, RA Phillips, TW Sangster, TC Silbernagel, C Stoeckl, C BE Delage, O Munro, E Rouse, JA TI CVD diamond detectors for current mode neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy at OMEGA/NIF SO CHARGED PARTICLE DETECTION, DIAGNOSTICS, AND IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Charged Particle Detection, Diagnostics, and Imaging CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE CVD diamond detector; neutron spectrometer; laser fusion diagnostic; fuel areal density ID PHOTOCONDUCTIVE DETECTORS AB We have performed pulsed neutron and pulsed laser tests of a CVD diamond detector manufactured from DIAFILM, a commercial grade of CVD diamond. The laser tests were performed at the short pulse UV laser at Bechtel Nevada in Livermore, CA. The pulsed neutrons were provided by DT capsule implosions at the OMEGA laser fusion facility in Rochester, NY. From these tests, we have determined the impulse response to be 250 ps fwhm for an applied E-field of 500 V/mm. Additionally, we have determined the sensitivity to be 2.4 mA/W at 500 V/mm and 4.0 mA/W at 1000 V/mm. These values are approximately 2 to 5x times higher than those reported for natural Type Ha diamond at similar E-field and thickness (1mm). These characteristics allow us to conceive of a neutron time-of-flight current mode spectrometer based on CVD diamond. Such an instrument would sit inside the laser fusion target chamber close to target chamber center (TCC), and would record neutron spectra fast enough such that backscattered neutrons and gamma rays from the target chamber wall would not be a concern. The acquired neutron spectra could then be used to extract DD fuel areal density from the downscattered secondary to secondary ratio. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schmid, GJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4224-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4510 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.451260 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU48N UT WOS:000176126100002 ER PT S AU Izumi, N Lerche, RA Phillips, TW Schmid, GJ Moran, MJ Sangster, TC AF Izumi, N Lerche, RA Phillips, TW Schmid, GJ Moran, MJ Sangster, TC BE Delage, O Munro, E Rouse, JA TI Development of lower energy neutron spectroscopy for areal density measurement in implosion experiment at NIF and OMEGA SO CHARGED PARTICLE DETECTION, DIAGNOSTICS, AND IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Charged Particle Detection, Diagnostics, and Imaging CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE ICF; areal density measurement; down shifted neutron; SCIFI AB Areal density (rhoR) is a fundamental parameter that characterizes the performance of an ICF implosion. For high areal densities (rhoR> 0.1 g/cm(2)), which will be realized in implosion experiments at NIF and LMJ, the target areal density exceeds the stopping range of charged particles and measurements with charged particle spectroscopy will be difficult. In this region, an areal density measurement method using down shifted neutron counting is a promising alternative, The probability of neutron scattering in the imploded plasma is proportional to the areal density of the plasma. The spectrum of neutrons scattered by the specific target nucleus has a characteristic low energy cut off. This enables separate, simultaneous measurements of fuel and pusher rhoRs. To apply this concept in implosion experiments, the detector should have extremely large dynamic range. Sufficient signal output for low energy neutrons is also required. A lithium-glass scintillation-fiber plate (LG-SCIFI) is a promising candidate for this application. In this paper we propose a novel technique based on downshifted neutron measurements with a lithium-glass scintillation-fiber plate. The details of instrumentation and background estimation with Monte Carlo calculation are reported. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Izumi, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4224-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4510 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.451266 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU48N UT WOS:000176126100009 ER PT S AU Reijonen, J Lou, TP Tolmachoff, B Leung, KN AF Reijonen, J Lou, TP Tolmachoff, B Leung, KN BE Delage, O Munro, E Rouse, JA TI Compact neutron source development at LBNL SO CHARGED PARTICLE DETECTION, DIAGNOSTICS, AND IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Charged Particle Detection, Diagnostics, and Imaging CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE neutron generator; D-D neutron source; multicusp source AB A compact neutron generator based on D-D or D-T fusion reactions is being developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The deuterium or tritium ions are produced in a radio-frequency (RF) driven multicusp plasma source. Seven beamlets are extracted and are accelerated to energy of 100 keV by means of a three-electrode electrostatic accelerator column. The ion beam then impinges on a titanium coated copper target where either the 2.4 MeV D-D or 14 MeV D-T neutrons are generated by fusion reaction. The development of the neutron tube is divided into three phases. First, the accelerator column is operated at hydrogen beam intensity of 15 mA. Second phase consists of deuterium beam runs at pulsed, low duty cycle 150 mA operation. The third phase consists of deuterium or tritium operation at 1.5 A beam current. Phase one is completed and the results of hydrogen beam testing are discussed. Low duty cycle 150 mA deuterium operation is being investigated. Neutron flux will be measured. Finally the phase three operation and the advance neutron generator designs are described. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reijonen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 5-121,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4224-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4510 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.451268 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU48N UT WOS:000176126100011 ER PT S AU Persaud, A Leung, KN Reijonen, J AF Persaud, A Leung, KN Reijonen, J BE Delage, O Munro, E Rouse, JA TI Compact electron beam focusing column SO CHARGED PARTICLE DETECTION, DIAGNOSTICS, AND IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Charged Particle Detection, Diagnostics, and Imaging CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE electron beam; electrostatic column; IGUN AB A novel design for a electron beam focusing column has been developed at LBNL. The design is based oil a low-energy spread multicusp plasma source which is used as a cathode for electron beam production. The focusing column is 10 mm in length. The electron beam is focused by means of electrostatic fields. The column is designed for a maximum voltage of 50 kV. Simulations of the electron trajectories have been performed by using the 2-D simulation code IGUN and EGUN. The electron temperature has; also been incorporated into the simulations. The electron beam simulations, column design and fabrication will be discussed in this presentation. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Persaud, A (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 5-121,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4224-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4510 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.451269 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU48N UT WOS:000176126100012 ER PT S AU Mehta, NC Scharlemann, ET Stevens, CG AF Mehta, NC Scharlemann, ET Stevens, CG BE Gardner, PJ TI Quantitative estimation of trace chemicals in industrial effluents with the sticklet transform method SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing II CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Sticklet transform; Haar wavelets; derivative spectroscopy; classical least squares; remote chemical sensing; concentration estimation ID WAVELET TRANSFORM AB Application of a novel transform operator, the Sticklet transform, to the quantitative estimation of trace chemicals in industrial effluent plumes is reported. The sticklet transform is a superset of the well-known derivative operator and the Haar wavelet, and is characterized by independently adjustable lobe width and separation. Computer simulations demonstrate that we can make accurate and robust concentration estimates of multiple chemical species in industrial effluent plumes in the presence of strong clutter background, interferent chemicals and random noise. In this paper we address the application of the sticklet transform in estimating chemical concentrations in effluent plumes in the presence of atmospheric transmission effects. We show that this transform retains the ability to yield accurate estimates using on-plume / off-plume measurements that represent atmospheric differentials up to 10 % of the full atmospheric attenuation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mehta, NC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-183, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4073-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4378 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.438189 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BT73R UT WOS:000173899900002 ER PT S AU Jacobson, PL Petrin, RR Koskelo, A Quick, CR Romero, J AF Jacobson, PL Petrin, RR Koskelo, A Quick, CR Romero, J BE Gardner, PJ TI Enhanced sensitivity for hyperspectral infrared chemical detection SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing II CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE passive remote sensing; calibration; enhanced non-uniformity correction ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS AB The sensitivity of imaging, hyperspectral, passive remote sensors in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectral region is currently limited by the ability to achieve an accurate, time-invariant, pixel-to-pixel calibration of the elements composing the Focal Plane Array (FPA). Pursuing conventional techniques to improve the accuracy of the calibration will always be limited by the trade-off between the time required to collect calibration data of improved precision and the drift in the pixel response that occurs on a timescale comparable to the calibration time. This paper will present the results from a study of a method to circumvent these problems. Improvements in detection capability can be realized by applying a quick, repetitive dither of the field of view (FOV) of the imager (by a small angular amount), so that radiance/spectral differences between individual target areas can be measured by a single FPA pixel. By performing this difference measurement repetitively both residual differences in the pixel-to-pixel calibration and 1/f detector drift noise can effectively be eliminated. In addition, variations in the atmosphere and target scene caused by the motion of the sensor platform will cause signal drifts that this technique would be able to remove. This method allows improvements in sensitivity that could potentially scale as the square root of the observation time. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobson, PL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4073-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4378 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1117/12.438187 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BT73R UT WOS:000173899900009 ER PT J AU Yates, MZ Apodaca, DL Campbell, ML Birnbaum, ER McCleskey, TM AF Yates, MZ Apodaca, DL Campbell, ML Birnbaum, ER McCleskey, TM TI Metal extractions using water in carbon dioxide microemulsions SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; CO2-SOLUBLE CHELATING-AGENTS; FLUORINATED BETA-DIKETONES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DESIGN; CO2; ENVIRONMENT; URANIUM(VI); COPPER(II); REAGENTS AB Water in supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsions are examined as a new medium for the extraction of metal ions from contaminated surfaces, and are shown to extract > 99% of the copper from a spiked filter paper with as little as a two-fold excess of surfactant. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCleskey, TM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012 NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 01 BP 25 EP 26 DI 10.1039/b007331h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 388GN UT WOS:000166171000009 ER PT J AU Gouloumis, A Liu, SG Vazquez, P Echegoyen, L Torres, T AF Gouloumis, A Liu, SG Vazquez, P Echegoyen, L Torres, T TI Strong intramolecular electronic interactions in an anthraquinone bridged bis-ethenylphthalocyaninatozinc(II) triad SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES; PORPHYRIN AB Two metallophthalocyanines bridged by ethenyl spacers to an anthraquinone moiety have been synthesized; both spectroscopic and electrochemical experiments have demonstrated strong intramolecular electronic interactions between the phthalocyanine donors and the anthraquinone acceptor unit. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim Organ C1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Echegoyen, L (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RI Echegoyen, Luis/B-4570-2011; Gouloumis, Andreas/K-5226-2014; Vazquez, Purificacion/K-1328-2014; Torres, Tomas/H-9796-2014 OI Gouloumis, Andreas/0000-0001-9676-6737; Torres, Tomas/0000-0001-9335-6935 NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 5 BP 399 EP 400 DI 10.1039/b009917c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 405FY UT WOS:000167149600002 ER PT J AU Behrouzian, B Buist, PH Shanklin, J AF Behrouzian, B Buist, PH Shanklin, J TI Application of KIE and thia approaches in the mechanistic study of a plant stearoyl-ACP Delta(9) desaturase SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ACYL-CARRIER-PROTEIN; FATTY-ACIDS; HYDROXYLATION REACTIONS; RICINUS-COMMUNIS; CRYPTOREGIOCHEMISTRY; MONOOXYGENASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROBES AB The mechanism of the castor stearoyl-ACP Delta (9) desaturase has been investigated; it has been shown that C-H cleavage at carbons 9 and 10 is not sensitive to deuterium substitution and oxo-trapping experiments using thia analogues revealed that sulfoxidation occurs when the substrate bears sulfur at the 9 and 10 positions. C1 Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Chem Inst, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Buist, PH (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Chem Inst, Dept Chem, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 5 BP 401 EP 402 DI 10.1039/b008972i PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 405FY UT WOS:000167149600003 ER PT J AU Liu, FC Abrams, MB Baker, RT Tumas, W AF Liu, FC Abrams, MB Baker, RT Tumas, W TI Phase-separable catalysis using room temperature ionic liquids and supercritical carbon dioxide SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; FLUIDS; SOLVENTS; CO2 AB A new phase-separable catalysis concept is demonstrated using supercritical carbon dioxide and the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate for hydrogenation of alkenes and carbon dioxide. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 219 Z9 222 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 5 BP 433 EP 434 DI 10.1039/b009701m PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 405FY UT WOS:000167149600019 ER PT J AU Behrouzian, B Dawson, B Buist, PH Shanklin, J AF Behrouzian, B Dawson, B Buist, PH Shanklin, J TI Oxidation of chiral 9-fluorinated substrates by castor stearoyl-ACP Delta(9) desaturase yields novel products SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN; FATTY-ACIDS AB Desaturation of (S)-9-fluorostearoyl-ACP using stearoyl-ACP Delta (9) desaturase yielded mainly (E)-9-fluoroalk-9-enic product, while desaturation of (R)-9-fluorostearoyl-ACP gave the novel (Z)-9-fluoroalk-9-ene and (Z)-9-fluoroalk-10-ene. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Hlth Canada, Div Res Serv, Hlth Prod & Food Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Buist, PH (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 8 BP 765 EP 766 DI 10.1039/b100035g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 426PA UT WOS:000168356500040 ER PT J AU Liu, SG Martineau, C Raimundo, JM Roncali, J Echegoyen, L AF Liu, SG Martineau, C Raimundo, JM Roncali, J Echegoyen, L TI Formation and electrochemical desorption of stable and electroactive self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of oligothiophene-fulleropyrrolidine dyads SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RECOGNITION; JUNCTION AB Stable, electroactive SAMs of oligothiophene-fulleropyrrolidine dyads have been prepared by spontaneous adsorption; electro-oxidation of the oligomeric system results in desorption. C1 Univ Angers, CNRS, UMR 6501, F-49045 Angers, France. Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33143 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Roncali, J (reprint author), Univ Angers, CNRS, UMR 6501, 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France. RI Echegoyen, Luis/B-4570-2011; Raimundo, Jean-Manuel/J-8529-2015 OI Raimundo, Jean-Manuel/0000-0003-4090-0479 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 10 BP 913 EP 914 DI 10.1039/b102132j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 430DL UT WOS:000168558200018 ER PT J AU Oldham, WJ Oldham, SM Scott, BL Abney, KD Smith, WH Costa, DA AF Oldham, WJ Oldham, SM Scott, BL Abney, KD Smith, WH Costa, DA TI Synthesis and structure of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of uranyl dichloride SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LIGANDS; CHEMISTRY AB Treatment of UO2Cl2(thf)(3) in THF with two equivalents of 1,3-dimesitylimidazole-2-ylidene (IMes) or 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dichloroimidazole-2-ylidene (IMesCl(2)) yields novel monomeric uranyl N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, representing the first examples of actinyl carbon bonds. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oldham, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat & Technol Div, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 26 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 15 BP 1348 EP 1349 DI 10.1039/b102649f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 455EP UT WOS:000170014800011 ER PT J AU Dietz, ML Dzielawa, JA AF Dietz, ML Dzielawa, JA TI Ion-exchange as a mode of cation transfer into room-temperature ionic liquids containing crown ethers: implications for the 'greenness' of ionic liquids as diluents in liquid-liquid extraction SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM NITRATE; SOLVENTS; MEDIA AB The transfer of strontium ion from acidic nitrate media into a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids containing dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 is shown to proceed via cation-exchange, in contrast to conventional solvents such as alkan-1-ols, in which extraction of a strontium nitrato-crown ether complex is observed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dietz, ML (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 297 Z9 305 U1 3 U2 56 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 20 BP 2124 EP 2125 DI 10.1039/b104349h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 485RG UT WOS:000171770400041 PM 12240194 ER PT J AU Danis, JA Runde, WH Scott, B Fettinger, J Eichhorn, B AF Danis, JA Runde, WH Scott, B Fettinger, J Eichhorn, B TI Hydrothermal synthesis of the first organically templated open-framework uranium phosphate SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-BASED CATALYSTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; VARIABLE DIMENSIONALITY; DOT H2O; X-RAY; CA(UO2)2(SIO3OH)2.5H2O; CONDUCTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; DESTRUCTION; URANOPHANE AB [(C(2)H(5))(2)NH(2)](2)[(UO(2))(5)(PO(4))(4)] was prepared from U(3)O(8), HONEt(2) and phosphoric acid under hydrothermal conditions (180 degreesC, 5 days) and represents the first three-dimensional open-framework uranium phosphate prepared to date. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Danis, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jandanis@lanl.gov; b._eichhorn@umail.umd.edu RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 31 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 22 BP 2378 EP 2379 DI 10.1039/b106916k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 491HW UT WOS:000172103800041 PM 12240084 ER PT J AU Opdahl, A Hoffer, S Mailhot, B Somorjai, G AF Opdahl, A Hoffer, S Mailhot, B Somorjai, G TI Polymer surface science SO CHEMICAL RECORD LA English DT Article DE polymer surfaces; force microscopy (AFM); sum frequency generation (SFG); vibrational spectroscopy ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CONTACT-ANGLE GONIOMETRY; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; POLYPROPYLENE SURFACES; STRETCHING MODES; SFG; POLYETHYLENE; ORIENTATION; FRICTION AB Molecular level studies of the structure and mechanical properties of polymer surfaces have been carried out by sum frequency generation (SFG) surface vibrational spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surfaces of different grades of polyethylene and polypropylene have been characterized-including during the glass transition and when mechanically stretched. Copolymers that have hard and soft segments with different glass transition temperatures show phase separation, an effect of hydrogen bonding between the hard and soft segments, that influences their adhesive and friction properties. AFM and SFG show that low surface energy additives migrate to the surface and alter the surface mechanical properties. Polymers, where the chemical nature of the end groups is different from the backbone, show surface segregation of the hydrophobic part of the chain in air and the hydrophilic part in water. Likewise, in miscible polymer blends, surface segregation of the more hydrophobic component in air and the more hydrophilic component in water is observed. This area of surface science requires increased attention because of the predominance of polymers as structural materials and as biomaterials. (C) 2001 The Japan Chemical journal Forum and John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ensemble Univ Cezeaux, Photochim Mol & Macromol Lab, CNRS, UMR 6505, F-63177 Aubiere, France. RP Somorjai, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1527-8999 J9 CHEM REC JI Chem. Rec. PY 2001 VL 1 IS 2 BP 101 EP 122 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 669VT UT WOS:000182371700002 PM 11893061 ER PT J AU Yeung, ES AF Yeung, ES TI High-throughput single molecule screening of DNA and proteins SO CHEMICAL RECORD LA English DT Review DE single molecule; DNA; protein; immunoassay; mutation detection ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DIGITAL IMAGING MICROSCOPY; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS; INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES; OPTICAL-EXCITATION AB We report a novel imaging technology for real time comprehensive analysis of molecular alterations in cells and tissues appropriate for automation and adaptation to high-throughput applications. With these techniques it should eventually be possible to perform simultaneous analysis of the entire contents of individual biological cells with a sensitivity and selectivity sufficient to determine the presence or absence of a single copy of a targeted analyte (e.g., DNA region, RNA region, protein), and to do so at a relatively low cost. The technology is suitable for DNA and RNA through sizing or through fluorescent hybridization probes, and for proteins and small molecules through fluorescence immunoassays. This combination of the lowest possible detection limit and the broadest applicability to biomolecules represents the final frontier in bioanalysis. The general scheme is based on novel concepts for single molecule detection (SMD) and characterization recently demonstrated in our laboratory. Since minimal manipulation is involved, it should be possible to screen large numbers of cells in a short time to facilitate practical applications. This opens up the possibility of finding single copies of DNA or proteins within single biological cells for disease markers without performing polymerase chain reaction or other biological amplification. (C) 2001 The Japan Chemical journal Forum and John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 107 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1527-8999 J9 CHEM REC JI Chem. Rec. PY 2001 VL 1 IS 2 BP 123 EP 139 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 669VT UT WOS:000182371700003 PM 11893062 ER PT B AU Bruemmer, SM Thomas, LE AF Bruemmer, SM Thomas, LE BE Jones, RH TI Insights into environmental degradation mechanisms from high-resolution characterization of crack tips SO CHEMISTRY AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF CORROSION AND STRESS CORROSION CRACKING: A SYMPOSIUM HONORING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF R.W. STAEHLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking - A Symposium Honoring the Contributions of RW Staehle CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP TMS, Struct Mat Div, TMS, Corros & Environm Effect Comm, TMS, Nucl Mat Comm ID STAINLESS-STEELS; DIAGRAMS; WATER AB Intergranular stress corrosion (IGSCC) cracks and crack tips in Ni-base (alloy 600) and Fe-base (Type 304 and 316SS) stainless alloys have been characterized by high-resolution analytical transmission electron microscopy(ATEM). Comparisons of the nanometer-scale corrosion structures in cross-sectioned samples indicated the processes occurring during crack advance and provided insights into the mechanisms controlling environmental degradation in high-temperature water environments. Important differences were identified between the Ni-base and Fe-base stainless alloys. The alloy 600 samples exhibited corroded grain boundaries and IG cracks filled with porous nanocrystalline oxides, while only cracks with multi-layer epitaxial crack-wall films were seen in the stainless steel samples. Environmental impurities and grain boundary precipitates altered the degradation process and the resulting corrosion product microstructures and microchemistries. This work has demonstrated the ability of cross-sectional ATEM to reveal new details of buried IGSCC structures that cannot be detected by other methods. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-478-X PY 2001 BP 123 EP 144 PG 22 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR83E UT WOS:000167729300008 ER PT B AU Jones, RH Baer, DR Danielson, MJ Vetrano, JS Windisch, CF AF Jones, RH Baer, DR Danielson, MJ Vetrano, JS Windisch, CF BE Jones, RH TI Crack-tip interactions with electrochemically active particles SO CHEMISTRY AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF CORROSION AND STRESS CORROSION CRACKING: A SYMPOSIUM HONORING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF R.W. STAEHLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking - A Symposium Honoring the Contributions of RW Staehle CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP TMS, Struct Mat Div, TMS, Corros & Environm Effect Comm, TMS, Nucl Mat Comm ID MAGNESIUM AB Particles can have a mechanical, chemical or electrochemical interaction with an advancing stress corrosion crack. Particles with elastic modulii greater than the matrix will induce a repulsive force on the crack and particles with elastic modulii less than the matrix will induce an attractive force. Chemical interactions include particles that dissolve and alter crack-tip chemistry while electrochemical interactions include particles that are either anodic or cathodic to the advancing crack. Particles that are anodic to the crack, may impede crack advance until totally dissolved or until the particle/matrix interface dissolves. These particles may be highly polarized because of their contact with the matrix such as Al3Mg2 particles on grain boundaries of aged AA5083. Particles that are cathodic to the advancing crack may cause local hydrogen reduction that accelerates crack advance around or through the particle. Examples of these crack-tip/particle interactions for Al-Mg and Mg-Al alloys are described. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jones, RH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-478-X PY 2001 BP 583 EP 594 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR83E UT WOS:000167729300035 ER PT B AU Kolman, DG Havrilla, GJ AF Kolman, DG Havrilla, GJ BE Jones, RH TI Environmentally-assisted cracking of 316 L stainless steel exposed to gallium suboxide SO CHEMISTRY AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF CORROSION AND STRESS CORROSION CRACKING: A SYMPOSIUM HONORING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF R.W. STAEHLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking - A Symposium Honoring the Contributions of RW Staehle CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP TMS, Struct Mat Div, TMS, Corros & Environm Effect Comm, TMS, Nucl Mat Comm ID LIQUID GALLIUM; HYDROGEN AB Failure of stainless steel furnace parts has been observed following treatment of gallium-containing plutonium compounds at 800 degreesC to 1200 degreesC. Our previous work examined the corrosive effects of gallium suboxide (Ga2O) gas on 316 L SS in an effort to elucidate a failure mechanism. Elemental segregation, oxidation, and Ga uptake were found to occur following exposure. Qualitative mechanical tests using four-point bend specimens suggested that stainless steel was severely embrittled following exposure to Ga2O at 1150 degreesC. The objective of this work is to quantitatively detail the effects of Ga2O on crack initiation and propagation in 316 L SS using fracture mechanics specimens. Samples were exposed to Ga2O gas and tested in laboratory air. Results indicate that increasing Ga uptake is detrimental to the crack initiation and propagation resistance of 316 L SS. Increasing Ga absorption decreased the threshold stress intensity required for crack initiation. Increasing Ga uptake also promoted unstable crack propagation and intergranular fracture. A combination of micro X-ray fluorescence and SEM suggests that compound formation and intrinsic Ga embrittlement result in increased cracking susceptibility. Ga embrittlement was shown to parallel hydrogen embrittlement, with reduction of a monovalent oxide resulting in specimen corrosion, uptake, and intrinsic and extrinsic embrittlement, depending on concentration. The combination of results from specimens Ga loaded by exposure to Ga liquid and to Ga2O gas suggest that the corrosion reaction is detrimental to fracture resistance. That is, for the same Ga concentration, specimens exposed to liquid metal Ga were more failure resistant than those exposed to Ga2O gas. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kolman, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop E530, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-478-X PY 2001 BP 635 EP 648 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR83E UT WOS:000167729300038 ER PT J AU Cullum, BM Vo-Dinh, T AF Cullum, BM Vo-Dinh, T TI Nanosensors for biochemical analysis of single cells SO CHIMICA OGGI-CHEMISTRY TODAY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; LIVING CELLS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; PEBBLE SENSORS; DYE; PH; IMMOBILIZATION; BIOSENSORS; RESOLUTION; PROBES AB In the past couple of decades new techniques in chemical and biological sensing have provided information and technology that have greatly enhanced the field of biological research. In this area of sensing, one of the most recent technological advances has been in the area of nanometer-sized sensors, called nanosensors. These nanosensors have been reported in the literature over the past decade, and have been based upon many different types of measurements (i.e. optical, electrochemical, etc.). This article reviews the field of nanosensors, with particular emphasis on optical-based sensors and their application to the measurement of chemical species inside individual cells. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tvo@ornl.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILANO PA VIALE BRIANZA 22, 20127 MILANO, ITALY SN 0392-839X J9 CHIM OGGI JI Chim. Oggi-Chem. Today PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 416WW UT WOS:000167804200011 ER PT J AU Sinton, JE AF Sinton, JE TI Accuracy and reliability of China's energy statistics SO CHINA ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE China; energy statistics AB Many observers have raised doubts about the accuracy and reliability of China's energy statistics, which show an unprecedented decline in recent years, while reported economic growth has remained strong. This paper explores the internal consistency of China's energy statistics from 1990 to 2000, coverage and reporting issues, and the state of the statistical reporting system. Available information suggests that while energy statistics were probably relatively good in the early 1990s, their quality has declined since the mid-1990s. China's energy statistics should be treated as a starting point for analysis, and explicit judgments regarding ranges of uncertainty should accompany any conclusions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sinton, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1043-951X J9 CHINA ECON REV JI China Econ. Rev. PY 2001 VL 12 IS 4 BP 373 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S1043-951X(01)00067-0 PG 11 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 519TF UT WOS:000173741000014 ER PT J AU Yang, LM Zhu, SJ Li, K Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Zhang, XQ Zhu, LY Gan, CY Sakhaee, M Long, GL Xu, RQ Zhang, Z Jiang, Z Jon, MG Ma, WC Babu, BRS Komicki, J Jones, EF Cole, JD Aryaeinejad, R Drigert, MW Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Stoyer, MA Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV AF Yang, LM Zhu, SJ Li, K Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Zhang, XQ Zhu, LY Gan, CY Sakhaee, M Long, GL Xu, RQ Zhang, Z Jiang, Z Jon, MG Ma, WC Babu, BRS Komicki, J Jones, EF Cole, JD Aryaeinejad, R Drigert, MW Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Stoyer, MA Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV TI Collective bands in neutron-rich Mo-104 nucleus SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OCTUPOLE CORRELATIONS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; ISOTOPES; DEFORMATION; FISSION AB Levels in the neutron-rich Mo-104 nucleus have been investigated by observing prompt gamma -rays from the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 With the Gammasphere detector array. The ground-state band, the one-phonon and the two-phonon gamma -vibrational bands as well as a quasiparticle band have been confirmed and expanded with spin up to 14h. Other two side bands probably built on new quasiparticle states are identified. The possible configurations for the quasiparticle bands are discussed. Two of the quasiparticle bands show larger moments of inertia and may have pair-free characteristics. The levels of the ground-state band, the one-phonon gamma -band and the two-phonon gamma -band calculated from a general collective model are in close agreement with the experimental data. C1 Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Yang, LM (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RI Jiang, Zhuo/E-3110-2010; Long, Gui Lu/B-1170-2008; Long, Gui Lu/B-8988-2014 OI Long, Gui Lu/0000-0002-9023-1579 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLERTON PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 18 WEST 27TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0256-307X J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 1 BP 24 EP 26 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 397YD UT WOS:000166725500009 ER PT B AU Douglass, R Carey, G White, DR Hansen, G Kallinderis, Y Weatherill, NP AF Douglass, R Carey, G White, DR Hansen, G Kallinderis, Y Weatherill, NP BE Davis, GDV Leonardi, E TI Panel discussion on grid generation SO CHT'01: ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER II, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PALM COVE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Ctr Heat & Mass Transfer, Univ New S Wales, Computat Fluid Dynam Res Lab C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ASCI Problem Setup Team, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Douglass, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ASCI Problem Setup Team, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-158-0 PY 2001 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BT14C UT WOS:000172068000016 ER PT B AU Bertram, LA AF Bertram, LA BE Davis, GDV Leonardi, E TI Radiation heat transfer in a glass Lehr SO CHT'01: ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER II, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PALM COVE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Ctr Heat & Mass Transfer, Univ New S Wales, Computat Fluid Dynam Res Lab AB In partnership with Ford/Visteon, Sandia National Laboratories investigated an intelligent control for the annealing lehr in float glass production, both for optimum usage of sensors and for the ability to report digitally the state of the lehr to an end-to-end control system, under DOE Office of Industrial Technology sponsorship. The heat transfer simulation of the lehr enclosure for that purpose is described here. This includes a closed-form solution for the infinitely wide glass ribbon, which allows robust computations of the thermal profile and inverses of this function for controls use. This also allows useful initial temperature estimates for the case with counterflow in the lehr ducts, which should greatly simplify and speed the convergence of more detailed models in which the glass participates in the radiative exchanges. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Mat Proc Modelling, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bertram, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Mat Proc Modelling, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-158-0 PY 2001 BP 1057 EP 1064 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BT14C UT WOS:000172068000122 ER PT J AU Lucca, DA Hamby, DW Klopfstein, MJ Cantwell, G Wetteland, CJ Tesmer, JR Nastasi, M AF Lucca, DA Hamby, DW Klopfstein, MJ Cantwell, G Wetteland, CJ Tesmer, JR Nastasi, M TI Effects of polishing on the photoluminescence of single crystal ZnO SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surface; polishing; sub-surface damage ID GAN AB The photoluminescence (PL) response of single crystal ZnO subjected to mechanical and chemomechanical polishing has been investigated. Zn-terminated and O-terminated surfaces of (0001)oriented ZnO crystals were prepared by mechanical polishing with 1/4 mum and 1 mum diamond abrasives and by chemomechanical polishing. The spectrally resolved room temperature PL of the polished surfaces was measured, and changes in both the spectral content and PL intensity introduced by polishing were assessed. The PL results were compared to a direct measure of subsurface damage obtained by ion channeling. Room temperature PL spectroscopy is shown to exhibit potential as a sensitive tool for the characterization of subsurface damage in polished ZnO. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Eagle Picher Technol, Environm Sci & Technol Div, Miami, OK USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lucca, DA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TECHNISCHE RUNDSCHAU EDITION COLIBRI LTD PI BERN PA NORDRING 4, CH-3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2001 VL 50 IS 1 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62149-0 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 464WQ UT WOS:000170556700093 ER PT J AU Dwyer, SF AF Dwyer, SF TI Finding a better cover SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Restorat Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dwyer, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Restorat Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 71 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 388UE UT WOS:000166200800031 ER PT B AU Kim, BM Stoller, PC Reiser, KM Rubenchik, AM Da Silva, LB AF Kim, BM Stoller, PC Reiser, KM Rubenchik, AM Da Silva, LB GP IEEE IEEE TI Polarization-sensitive second harmonic imaging of collagen fibers in biological tissue SO CLEO(R)/PACIFIC RIM 2001, VOL I, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL CHIBA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEICE Elect Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Optoelect Ind & Technol Dev Assoc ID GENERATION AB The second order nonlinear optical properties and orientation of collagen fibers were measured simultaneously using polarization modulation and phase sensitive detection. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kim, BM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, 7000 East Ave,L-174, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6738-3 PY 2001 BP 364 EP 365 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BX70U UT WOS:000186182500175 ER PT J AU Wagner, F Hohne, N AF Wagner, Fabian Hoehne, Niklas TI Influence of national governments for or against the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol: a Banzhaf index analysis SO CLIMATE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Banzhaf index; Entry into force; Kyoto Protocol; UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate; Change AB The recent announcement by the USA to withdraw their support for the Kyoto Protocol has drawn attention to the conditions under which the Protocol will enter into force: at least 55 member states to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have to ratify the Protocol, and those industrialized countries (Annex-I parties) that ratify it have to make up for at least 55% of the carbon dioxide emissions of this group in 1990. In this article, we analyze the a priori decision making power of individual parties, or groups of these, for the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, utilizing a mathematical approach known as the Banzhaf index. The results of our analysis suggest that the conditions for the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol give more influence to the USA than might have been anticipated: while the USA has more voting power than the relative share of emissions suggests, all other Annex-I parties have less. Based on a mathematical model, this analysis shows that the Banzhaf index is a more realistic indicator of voting power than the bare numbers fixed in the Kyoto Protocol. This method could be used more extensively in the future for the analysis of voting procedures, in particular within the UNFCCC. C1 [Hoehne, Niklas] ECOFYS Energy & Environm, D-50933 Cologne, Germany. [Wagner, Fabian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hohne, N (reprint author), ECOFYS Energy & Environm, Eupener Str 161, D-50933 Cologne, Germany. EM fwagner@lbl.gov; n.hoehne@ecofys.de RI Hohne, Niklas/L-8971-2013; OI Hohne, Niklas/0000-0001-9246-8759 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1469-3062 J9 CLIM POLICY JI Clim. Policy PY 2001 VL 1 IS 4 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.3763/cpol.2001.0151 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA V19TD UT WOS:000208093800007 ER PT J AU Bardenhagen, SG Guilkey, JE Roessig, KM Brackbill, JU Witzel, WM Foster, JC AF Bardenhagen, SG Guilkey, JE Roessig, KM Brackbill, JU Witzel, WM Foster, JC TI An improved contact algorithm for the material point method and application to stress propagation in granular material SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE contact algorithm; material point method; wave propagation; granular material ID IN-CELL METHOD; DYNAMIC LOAD-TRANSFER; 2 DIMENSIONS; FLIP; MECHANICS; MEDIA AB Contact between deformable bodies is a difficult problem in the analysis of engineering systems. A new approach to contact has been implemented using the Material Point Method for solid mechanics, Bardenhagen, Brackbill, and Sulsky (2000a). Here two improvements to the algorithm are described. The first is to include the normal traction in the contact logic to more appropriately determine the free separation criterion. The second is to provide numerical stability by scaling the contact impulse when computational grid information is suspect, a condition which can be expected to occur occasionally as material bodies move through the computational grid. The modifications described preserve important properties of the original algorithm, namely conservation of momentum, and the use of global quantities which obviate the need for neighbor searches and result in the computational cost scaling linearly with the number of contacting bodies. The algorithm is demonstrated on several examples. Deformable body solutions compare favorably with several problems which, for rigid bodies, have analytical solutions. A much more demanding simulation of stress propagation through idealized granular material, for which high fidelity data has been obtained, is examined in detail. Excellent qualitative agreement is found for a variety of contact conditions. Important material parameters needed for more quantitative comparisons are identified. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Comp Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Bardenhagen, SG (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 24 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 12 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PY 2001 VL 2 IS 4 BP 509 EP 522 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 498GV UT WOS:000172502200007 ER PT J AU Noller, HF Yusupov, MM Yusupova, GZ Baucom, A Lieberman, K Lancaster, L Dallas, A Fredrick, K Earnest, TN Cate, JHD AF Noller, HF Yusupov, MM Yusupova, GZ Baucom, A Lieberman, K Lancaster, L Dallas, A Fredrick, K Earnest, TN Cate, JHD TI Structure of the ribosome at 5.5 angstrom resolution and its interactions with functional ligands SO COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLI 70S RIBOSOME; TRANSFER-RNA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; MESSENGER-RNA; P-SITE; 30 S; SUBUNIT; NUCLEOTIDES C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Sinsheimer Labs, Ctr Mol Biol RNA, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Ctr Struct Biol, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Whitehead Inst, Cambridge, MA 01242 USA. RP Noller, HF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Sinsheimer Labs, Ctr Mol Biol RNA, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Yusupov, Marat/I-6126-2013; Yusupova , Gulnara/E-1877-2014 OI Yusupov, Marat/0000-0001-5544-0597; NR 51 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0091-7451 J9 COLD SPRING HARB SYM JI Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. PY 2001 VL 66 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1101/sqb.2001.66.57 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 639YQ UT WOS:000180643700006 PM 12762008 ER PT J AU Gera, D Mathur, M Freeman, M O'Dowd, W AF Gera, D Mathur, M Freeman, M O'Dowd, W TI Moisture and char reactivity modeling in pulverized coal combustors SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL PERCOLATION MODEL; DEVOLATILIZATION; PREDICTIONS; TEMPERATURE AB This paper discusses the development of specialized subroutines used in a Computational Fluid Dynamics code (FLUENT(TM)) to accurately predict temperature, velocity, and species profiles in a down-fired, pilot-scale, pulverized coal combustor and in the t-fired industrial boiler. A Lagrangian particle tracking algorithm, along with an advanced char burnout kinetic (CBK) model, was used to accurately predict the representative particle trajectories, as well as the loss of carbon from coal particles. The devolatilization and burnout parameters for the full-scale industrial combustion model were generated using the first principles and the combination of drop-tube/pilot-scale experiments. Additionally, the moisture that evolved from coal/biomass char heating is included via surface reactions, which accounts for char burnout due to steam and CO2 gasification. Carbon conversion that is caused by steam gasification may be significant when the amount of moisture is high in char. This endothermic reaction also may play a significant role in the stability/extinction of the flame or flame lift-off. The predictions of the code were compared to experimental measurements of gas temperature and 02 and CO in both of these combustors. Good agreement was found between the temperature and species predictions and the measured values. C1 Fluent Inc, NETL, Morgantown, WV USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Gera, D (reprint author), Fluent Inc, NETL, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 172 BP 35 EP + DI 10.1080/00102200108935837 PG 38 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 540TW UT WOS:000174946400003 ER PT J AU Chen, JS Litzinger, TA Curran, HJ AF Chen, JS Litzinger, TA Curran, HJ TI The diluted stoichiometric oxidation of iso-octane in the intermediate temperature regime at elevated pressures SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxidation; hydrocarbon; flow reactor; modeling AB Experimental and modeling results for dilute stoichiometric oxidation of isooctane in the intermediate temperature regime are presented for pressures of 6 and 9 atmospheres. While the overall comparison between the experiments and modeling is acceptable, important differences exist in the predictions of the mole fractions of acetone and methacrolein, which are products of isobutene oxidation. The results from this study are compared to earlier work on the oxidation iso-octane under very lean conditions to illustrate the significance of chemical pathways in which molecular oxygen is a key reactant. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Litzinger, TA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI Curran, Henry/0000-0002-5124-8562 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 172 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1080/00102200108935838 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 540TW UT WOS:000174946400004 ER PT J AU Yazicioglu, AG Megaridis, CM Campbell, A Lee, KO Choi, MY AF Yazicioglu, AG Megaridis, CM Campbell, A Lee, KO Choi, MY TI Measurement of fractal properties of soot agglomerates in laminar coflow diffusion flames using thermophoretic sampling in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy and image processing SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soot structure; fractal properties ID VOLUME FRACTION; MORPHOLOGY; LIGHT; SCATTERING AB Aerosol property measurements including primary particle, radius of gyration, and number of primary particles per agglomerate have been performed for soot collected thermophoretically from the soot annulus at selected heights of laminar ethene/air, methane/air, and methane/oxygen diffusion flames and analyzed using a digital image processing technique. The fractal dimension D, and prefactor term k(f) calculated front these measurements were used to determine whether there exists it universality of these properties for inflame soot or any correspondence with previous Measurements performed in the overfire region of large turbulent flames. The fractal dimension measured in this study ranged from 1.65 to 1.75, in agreement with previous measurements obtained for both in-flame and overtire soot, Measurable variations in the prefactor values, which ranged from 6,75 for the methane/air diffusion flame, to 8.47 for the ethlene/air diffusion flame. were observed. An error analysis performed for these results indicated that there is up to 6 percent and 22 percent uncertainty in the fractal dimension and prefactor values, respectively. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Illinois Math & Sci Acad, Aurora, IL USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Darien, IL USA. RP Choi, MY (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. OI Megaridis, Constantine/0000-0002-6339-6933 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 171 BP 71 EP 87 DI 10.1080/00102200108907859 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 536TP UT WOS:000174718200003 ER PT J AU Garvey, GT Kopeliovich, BZ Povh, B AF Garvey, GT Kopeliovich, BZ Povh, B TI Baryon number flow in high-energy collisions SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PB-PB COLLISIONS; ENHANCEMENT; MECHANISM; RAPIDITY; DYNAMICS; NUCLEON; GEV/C; HERA AB It is not obvious which partons in the proton carry its baryon number (BN). We present arguments that BN is associated with a specific topology of gluonic fields, rather than with the valence quarks. The BN distribution is easily confused with the difference between the quark and antiquark distributions. We argue, however, that they have quite different x-dependences. The distribution of BN asymmetry distribution is nearly constant at small x while q(x) - (q) over bar (x) infinity rootx. This constancy of BN produces energy independence of the (p) over barp annihilation cross section at high energies. Recent measurement of the baryon asymmetry at small x at HERA confirms this expectation. The BN asymmetry at mid-rapidities in heavy ion collisions is substantially enhanced by multiple interactions, as has been observed in recent experiments at the SPS. The same gluonic mechanism of BN stopping increases the production rate for cascade hyperons in a good accord with data. We expect nearly the same BN stopping in higher energy collisions at RHIC and LHC. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Garvey, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2001 VL 2 IS 5 BP A47 EP A67 PG 21 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506QF UT WOS:000172982700001 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Siemon, RE AF Ryutov, DD Siemon, RE TI Magnetized plasma configurations for fast liner implosions: A variety of possibilities SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dense plasmas; Z pinch; pulsed fusion ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATIONS; TRANSLATION AB A variety of plasma configurations suitable for adiabatic compression by fast liners has been identified. Among them there are field-reversed configurations, spheromaks, diffuse Z pinches, spherical tokamaks, and others. The initial plasma is assumed to have density in the range of 10(17)-10(18) cm(-3) and the temperature of the order of 100 eV. Relative advantages and disadvantages of various plasma configurations are discussed. The very fact of the existing broad spectrum of plasma configurations compatible with the liner compression increases the probability of a success in this branch of fusion research. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Siemon, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2001 VL 2 IS 5 BP C185 EP C201 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506QF UT WOS:000172982700003 ER PT J AU Wang, LS AF Wang, LS TI Photodetachment of multiply-charged anions SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE multiply charged anions; repulsive Coulomb barriers; photodetachment; photoelectron spectroscopy; electron tunneling ID REPULSIVE COULOMB BARRIER; GAS-PHASE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; IONS; ENERGY; IONIZATION; HYDRATION; STABILITY; CHEMISTRY; DIANIONS AB Photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy of gaseous multiply-charged anions have been recently performed in the author's laboratory. The experimental technique and some of the initial results are discussed here. The difference between photodetachment of singly and multiply charged anions is emphasized. Photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy is ideal to probe the chemical and physical properties of multiply-charged anions in the gas phase. Among the initial findings, the repulsive Coulomb barriers existing in multiply-charged anions are directly observed for the first time. The relationship between the intramolecular Coulomb repulsion and the barrier is elucidated. Electron tunneling effects through the repulsive Coulomb barrier are also observed and interpreted using the theory of a-decay in nuclear physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2001 VL 2 IS 5 BP D207 EP D221 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506QF UT WOS:000172982700005 ER PT S AU Stoller, P Kim, BM Rubenchik, AM Reiser, KM Da Silva, LB AF Stoller, P Kim, BM Rubenchik, AM Reiser, KM Da Silva, LB BE Haglund, RF Neev, J Wood, RF TI Measurement of the second order non-linear susceptibility of collagen using polarization modulation and phase-sensitive detection SO COMMERICAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ULTRASHORT PULSE LASERS; LASER PLASMA GENERATION AND DIAGNOSTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Commerical and Biomedical Applications of Ultrashort Pulse Lasers; Laser Plasma Generation and Diagnostics CY JAN 23, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE second harmonic generation; collagen; phase-sensitive detection; polarization modulation ID OPTICAL HARMONIC-GENERATION; LASER-PULSES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; BIOLOGICAL TISSUES; I COLLAGEN AB The measurement of the second order nonlinear susceptibility of collagen in various biological tissues has potential applications in the detection of structural changes which are related to different pathological conditions. We investigate second harmonic generation in rat-tail tendon, a highly organized collagen structure consisting of parallel fibers. Using an electro-optic modulator and a quarter-wave plate, we modulate the linear polarization of an ultra-short pulse laser beam that is used to measure second harmonic generation (SHG) in a confocal microscopy setup. Phase-sensitive detection of the generated signal, coupled with a simple model of the collagen protein structures, allows us to measure a parameter gamma related to nonlinear susceptibility and to determine the relative orientation of the structures. Our preliminary results indicate that it may be possible to use this parameter to characterize the structure. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stoller, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, L-174,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3954-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4276 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.428013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BS57X UT WOS:000170428600002 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, M Picard, R AF Fitzgerald, M Picard, R TI Accelerated Monte Carlo for particle dispersion SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE adaptive methods; exponential convergence; importance sampling; Markov chains; simulation ID EXPONENTIAL CONVERGENCE AB We discuss adaptive importance sampling for Markov chains. Such chains arise in many simulation problems, such as related to airborne particle dispersion. Through use of experimental design for simulation runs and regression analysis of the output, importance sampling transition kernels are defined which substantially improve convergence times. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 2001 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2459 EP 2471 DI 10.1081/STA-100107698 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 500JR UT WOS:000172624000017 ER PT B AU Obot, NT Das, L Rabas, TJ AF Obot, NT Das, L Rabas, TJ BE Shah, RK TI Smooth- and enhanced-tube heat transfer and pressure drop: Part I. Effect of Prandtl number with air, water, and glycol/water mixtures SO COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGERS AND ENHANCEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES-2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Compact Heat Exchangers and Enhancement Technology for the Process Industries CY JUL 01-06, 2001 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE, AIME, ASCE, ASME, AIChE ID FRICTION AB An extensive experimental investigation was carried out to determine the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics in laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow through one smooth tube and twenty-three enhanced tubes. The working fluids for the experiments were air, water, ethylene glycol, and ethylene glycol/water mixtures; Prandtl numbers (Pr) ranged from 0.7 to 125.3. The smooth-tube experiments were carried out with Pr values of 0.7, 6.8, 24.8, 39.1, and 125.3; Pr values of 0.7, 6.8, and 24.8 were tested with enhanced tubes. Reynolds number (Re) range (based on the maximum internal diameter of a tube) was 200 to 55,000, depending on Prandtl number and tube geometry. The results are presented and discussed in this paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Obot, NT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-164-5 PY 2001 BP 187 EP 197 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BS64S UT WOS:000170688800023 ER PT B AU Obot, NT Das, L Rabas, TJ AF Obot, NT Das, L Rabas, TJ BE Shah, RK TI Smooth- and enhanced-tube heat transfer and pressure drop: Part II. The role of transition to turbulent flow SO COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGERS AND ENHANCEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES-2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Compact Heat Exchangers and Enhancement Technology for the Process Industries CY JUL 01-06, 2001 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE, AIME, ASCE, ASME, AIChE AB The objectives of this presentation are two-fold: first, to demonstrate the connection between the attainable coefficients and transition to turbulent flow by using the transition-based corresponding states method to generalize results obtained with smooth tubes and enhanced tubes, and second, to provide guidelines on the calculation of heat transfer coefficients from pressure-drop data and vice versa by using the transition concept or the frictional law of corresponding states. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM obot@anl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-164-5 PY 2001 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BS64S UT WOS:000170688800024 ER PT S AU Benson, SJ Ye, Y AF Benson, SJ Ye, Y BE Ferris, MC Mangasarian, OL Pang, JS TI Approximating maximum stable set and minimum graph coloring problems with the positive semidefinite relaxation SO COMPLEMENTARITY: APPLICATIONS, ALGORITHMS AND EXTENSIONS SE APPLIED OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Complementarity 99 (ICCP99) CY JUN 09-12, 1999 CL MADISON, WI DE stable set; independent set; maximum clique; graph coloring; positive semidefinite relaxation ID ALGORITHMS; ARBITRARY; CLIQUE AB We compute approximate solutions to the maximum stable set problem and the minimum graph coloring problem using a positive semidefinite relaxation. The positive semidefinite programs are solved using an implementation of the dual scaling algorithm that takes advantage of the sparsity inherent in most graphs and the structure inherent in the problem formulation. From the solution to the relaxation, we apply a randomized algorithm to find approximate maximum stable sets and a modification of a popular heuristic to find graph colorings. We obtained high quality answers for graphs with over 1000 vertices and over 6000 edges. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benson, SJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-6485 BN 0-7923-6816-9 J9 APPL OPTIMIZAT PY 2001 VL 50 BP 1 EP 17 PG 17 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BR92Z UT WOS:000168052500001 ER PT J AU Gladysz, GM Chawla, KK AF Gladysz, GM Chawla, KK TI Coefficients of thermal expansion of some laminated ceramic composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE laminated ceramic composites ID LAYERED CERAMICS; SILICON-NITRIDE; RESISTANCE; TOUGHNESS; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; ALUMINA AB The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) were determined for several non-fibrous alumina-based laminated ceramic composites. The results were compared with the CTE values predicted by the modified equations of Schapery and Chamis. Both models are identical in the longitudinal direction and showed differences from experimental CTE of 2.3 and 4.1% for alumina/barium zirconate (Al2O3/BaZrO3) and alumina/tin dioxide (Al2O3/SnO2) composites, respectively. For Al2O3/BaZrO3 in the transverse direction, Schapery's model showed a 1.9% difference while Chamis' model showed a 7.5% difference. For the Al2O3/SnO2 in the transverse direction, Schapery's model had an 8.2% difference while Chamis' model showed only a 2.3% difference. Results for alumina/calcium titanate (Al2O3/CaTiO3) laminates showed larger differences, 27.6% in longitudinal CTE and differences of 9.6 and 19.8% transverse CTE for the Schapery and Chamis models, respectively. These differences were attributed to the formation of cracks that occurred in this composite system during processing because of the large CTE mismatch between Al2O3 and CaTiO3. Results for Al2O3/BaZrO3 and Al2O3/SnO2 composites showed that for continuous laminae both the Schapery and Chamis models were adequate predictors of CTE for the systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, WMM, ESA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mat & Mech Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Gladysz, GM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, WMM, ESA, MS C930, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00144-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 392WX UT WOS:000166436500002 ER PT J AU Gilat, R Williams, TO Aboudi, J AF Gilat, R Williams, TO Aboudi, J TI Buckling of composite plates by global-local plate theory SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE buckling; laminated composite plate ID HIGH-ORDER THEORY; LAMINATED PLATES; DEFORMATION; MODEL AB The bifurcation buckling problem of laminated composite plates is formulated within the framework of a multilength scale plate theory. This theory is a combination of single-layer and layer-wise theories. it is generated by representing the displacement as the sum of global and local effects that introduce a coupling between the two length scales. Comparisons between the presently predicted buckling loads of homogeneous and orthotropic laminated plates and the exact solutions show a very good correlation. Furthermore, the theory accurately predicts the buckling load of symmetric cross-ply plates as compared with the results of a layer-wise approach. This accuracy is achieved with reduced computation expense. The global-local plate theory is general enough to incorporate delamination effects. As a result of the inclusion of these effects, the buckling loads of plates with imperfect interlaminar bonding are predicted. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Acad Coll JAS, Fac Engn, IL-44837 Ariel, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Solid Mech Mat & Struct, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Acad Coll JAS, Fac Engn, IL-44837 Ariel, Israel. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 EI 1879-1069 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 SI SI BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(00)00059-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 422HZ UT WOS:000168113600007 ER PT J AU Corum, JM Battiste, RL Ruggles, MB Ren, W AF Corum, JM Battiste, RL Ruggles, MB Ren, W TI Durability-based design criteria for a chopped-glass-fiber automotive structural composite SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites; short-fiber composites; durability; mechanical properties; failure criterion AB This paper describes durability-driven design criteria developed for the use of a chopped-glass-fiber polymeric composite in automotive structural applications. The composite, which was made by a rapid molding process suitable for high-volume automotive applications, consisted of a chopped-fiber E-glass mat, made by the programmable powder preform process (P4), in a urea/urethane matrix. The durability issues addressed include the effects of cyclic and sustained loadings, temperature extremes, and automotive fluid environments. The paper briefly describes the laboratory tests, summarizes the results, and explains how the experimental information was used to formulate coherent and practicable design criteria. The criteria include design analysis guidance, a biaxial strength criterion, time-independent and time-dependent allowable stresses, and rules for assessing cyclic loadings. Environmental degradation factors and the degrading effects of prior loadings are included. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Corum, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1083 EP 1095 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00242-6 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 452BP UT WOS:000169837500009 ER PT J AU Beyerlein, IJ Zhu, YT Mahesh, S AF Beyerlein, IJ Zhu, YT Mahesh, S TI On the influence of fiber shape in bone-shaped short-fiber composites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE short-fiber composites; finite-element analysis; interfacial stress distributions; fiber shape effects; interfacial debonding ID FRACTURE AB Composite materials reinforced by bone-shaped short (BSS) fibers enlarged at both ends are well-known to have significantly better strength and toughness than those reinforced by conventional, short, straight (CSS) fibers with the same aspect ratio. Comparing the fracture characteristics of double-cantilever-beam specimens made of BSS and CSS fiber composites reveals the distinct mechanisms responsible for the toughness enhancement provided by the BSS fiber reinforcement. Enlarged BSS fiber ends anchor the fiber in the matrix and lead to a significantly higher stress to pull out than that required for CSS fibers, altering crack propagation characteristics. To study BSS fiber-bridging capability further, we examine the effects of increasing the size of the enlarged fiber end on the pull-out characteristics and identify the sequence of failure mechanisms involved in the pull-out process. However, large microcracks initiated at the enlarged ends can potentially mask the toughening enhancements provided by BSS fibers. To understand the influence of fiber-end geometry on debond initiation at the fiber ends, we analyze the interfacial stresses around fiber ends varying in geometry using an elastic finite-element model. We note a bound to these in terms of the Eshelby and Kelvin elastic solutions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; NR 17 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 61 IS 10 BP 1341 EP 1357 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00029-X PG 17 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 463YN UT WOS:000170505000001 ER PT J AU Choo, H Bourke, MAM Daymond, MR AF Choo, H Bourke, MAM Daymond, MR TI A finite-element analysis of the inelastic relaxation of thermal residual stress in continuous-fiber-reinforced composites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metal-matrix composites; fibres; creep; residual stress; finite element analysis ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; AL-SIC COMPOSITES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; NIAL-ALN-AL2O3 COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; STRAINS AB In an effort to develop a methodology for interpreting in situ high-temperature neutron diffraction measurements of thermal residual stresses in composites, a finite-element model was developed and the implications of various material and experimental parameters on the residual stress evolution were studied. The model composite comprised a continuous Al2O3 fiber, unidirectionally aligned in a NiAl matrix. The effects of temperature-dependent elastic, plastic or creep properties, fiber volume fraction and cooling/heating rates were explored on the relaxation mechanisms of the residual stress during an initial cooling and a subsequent heating. Thermal path-dependency in the stress evolution was investigated by comparing the cooling and re-heat cycles. The result shows that the effect of the time-dependent deformation (creep) becomes more significant as the fiber content increases and the cooling/heating rate decreases. Furthermore, the path-dependency in stress evolution becomes stronger (i.e. considering the actual thermal history in the model becomes more important) as the total inelastic relaxation increases during the cooling and/or the subsequent re-heating cycles due to; (i) the presence of creep in addition to plastic deformation, (ii) increased fiber volume fraction, and (iii) slower cooling/heating rates. It was also demonstrated that using an estimated stress-free temperature in elastic-plastic models can be problematic in predicting the high-temperature behavior due to; (i) the simple assumption of reduced AT, and (ii) the thermal path-dependency. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Choo, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM choo@lanl.gov RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Daymond, Mark/0000-0001-6242-7489 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1757 EP 1772 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00075-6 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 469JR UT WOS:000170811200011 ER PT J AU Garland, BD Beyerlein, IJ Schadler, LS AF Garland, BD Beyerlein, IJ Schadler, LS TI The development of compression damage zones in fibrous composites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compression; damage zones; fiber composites; kink bands; micromechanical modeling ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; KINK-BAND FORMATION; UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES; GRAPHITE/EPOXY COMPOSITES; EPOXY COMPOSITES; WEIBULL FIBERS; STRENGTH; FAILURE; FRACTURE; CARBON AB Recent experimental work (Narayanan S, Schadler LS. Mechanisms of kink band formation in graphite/epoxy compsites: a micromechanical experimental study. Comp Sci Technol 1999; 59:2201-13) suggests that kink bands in unidirectional continuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites initiate from damage zones formed under axial compressive loads. A damage zone consists of a cluster of locally crushed fibers and broken fibers, that are often fractured at an angle, theta > 0 degrees, normal to the fiber axis. Typically, under compressive loads, fiber breaks in damage zones form roughly along a plane at an angle phi, normal to the fiber axis. These damage zones produce stress concentrations which can lead to instabilities in the nearby fiber and matrix and initiate microbuckling and kink bands. This paper extends a micromechanical influence function technique based on earlier shear lag fiber composite models. Our modified technique calculates the fiber axial and matrix shear stress concentrations due to multiple angled and crushed fibers in arbitrary configurations. Modeling reveals that angled or 'shear' breaks (theta > 0 degrees) can lead to higher shear stress concentrations in the matrix than transverse breaks (theta = 0 degrees). Also we find that the damage zone is more likely to form at an angle phi, which is greater than that of its individual fiber breaks, theta. When phi is slightly greater than theta, the shear stress in the surrounding matrix regions within the damage zone achieves a maximum, potentially weakening the matrix and interface and consequently leading to kink band formation. Monte Carlo simulations incorporating this stress analysis predict that the initiation and propagation of crushed and angled breaks progress roughly along an angle, phi approximate to 17 degrees in a linear elastic system. When possible, our model results are compared to strain measurements of fiber composites under compression obtained by Narayanan and Schadler using micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS). (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schadler, LS (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 53 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 61 IS 16 BP 2461 EP 2480 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00176-2 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 502RL UT WOS:000172756500012 ER PT J AU Mazur, AK Sumpter, BG Noid, DW AF Mazur, AK Sumpter, BG Noid, DW TI Internal coordinate phase space analysis of macromolecular systems SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phase space analysis; macromolecular systems; molecular dynamics ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL-METHODS; FORCE-FIELD; MECHANICS CALCULATIONS; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ENERGY; STATE; ALGORITHM AB In recent studies, as well as the results presented herein, it has been shown that the classical dynamics of macromolecular systems exhibit chaos far below the zero-point energy consequently resulting in the loss of a qualitative correspondence to quantum behavior. Mechanisms responsible for this undesirable and unrealistic dynamics have been shown to be due to the flow of energy out of the high frequency modes into the low frequency, large amplitude modes. A very powerful tool for eliminating the high frequency modes in macromolecular systems has been the development of internal coordinate molecular dynamics. This method only integrates the chosen degrees of freedom that determine the overall structure of the molecular system (the torsion). In this paper, we have used this technique with the appropriate analysis from semi-classical theory and nonlinear dynamics to study the trajectories generated for some simple polymer fragments. The method does effectively eliminate most of the problems associated with zero-point energy flow and the resulting phase space structure exhibits a high degree of stable quasiperiodic motion. However, the semi-classical relationships to quantum mechanics in this quasiperiodic regime require that initial conditions be chosen carefully in order for the resulting trajectory to have any quantum relevance. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Biol Physicochim, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Noid, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1089-3156 J9 COMPUT THEOR POLYM S JI Comput. Theor. Polym. Sci. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S1089-3156(99)00069-0 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 358MW UT WOS:000089562700005 ER PT J AU Fukui, K Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Yang, C Tuzun, RE AF Fukui, K Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Yang, C Tuzun, RE TI Analysis of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of polymer particles: random normal modes SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Poisson behavior; Wigner distribution; Stewart's perturbation theory ID NORMAL-COORDINATE ANALYSIS; BLEND MICROPARTICLES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PERTURBATION; SUBSPACES; CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; SYSTEMS; MATRIX; BOUNDS AB We investigate the density of vibrational states g(omega) for 6000 atom polymer particles involving all 18,000 degrees of freedom. The particles are efficiently generated using a molecular dynamics-based computational algorithm and a molecular mechanics method. The density of states spectrum g(w) clearly shows two distinguishable frequency regions in the polymer system: high (760 < < 1240 cm(-1)) and low (0 < omega < 350 cm(-1)) frequency modes. By calculating the level-spacing distributions, we find the distribution of the low eigenfrequency corresponds to that of a Wigner distribution. In contrast, Poisson behavior is found for the high frequency region. The eigenvectors for the two regions are analyzed by using a random walk method and Stewart's perturbation theory, both indicate random character for the eigenvectors of the low frequency modes. The random character of the eigenvectors should have ramifications to most types of spectroscopy since transformations of the transition operator to random normal coordinates will cause a widespread mixing, i.e., no selection rules. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SUNY Coll Brockport, Computat Sci Program, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM noiddw@ornl.gov RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1089-3156 J9 COMPUT THEOR POLYM S JI Comput. Theor. Polym. Sci. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S1089-3156(00)00015-5 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 391PE UT WOS:000166363700003 ER PT J AU Glimm, J Hou, SL Kim, HJ Lee, Y Sharp, DH Ye, K Zou, QS AF Glimm, J Hou, SL Kim, HJ Lee, Y Sharp, DH Ye, K Zou, QS TI Risk management for petroleum reservoir production: A simulation-based study of prediction SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Bayes' prediction; error model; porous media flow ID SCALE-UP; POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW; RENORMALIZATION AB We consider numerical solutions of the Darcy and Buckley-Leverett equations for flow in porous media. These solutions depend on a realization of a random field that describes the reservoir permeability. The main content of this paper is to formulate and analyze a probability model for the numerical coarse grid solution error. We explore the extent to which the coarse grid oil production rate is sufficient to predict future oil production rates. We find that very early oil production data is sufficient to reduce the prediction error in oil production by about 30%, relative to the prior probability prediction. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Glimm, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PY 2001 VL 5 IS 3 BP 173 EP 197 DI 10.1023/A:1013715604079 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 510KN UT WOS:000173207400001 ER PT B AU Ding, CHQ AF Ding, CHQ BE Berry, MW TI A probabilistic model for latent semantic indexing in information retrieval and filtering SO COMPUTATIONAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the Computational Information Retrieval Workshop (CIR 00) CY OCT 22, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NC SP N Carolina State Univ, Jane S McKimmon Ctr C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chqding@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 0-89871-500-8 PY 2001 BP 65 EP 73 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BT60F UT WOS:000173491100005 ER PT B AU Husbands, P Simon, H Ding, CHQ AF Husbands, P Simon, H Ding, CHQ BE Berry, MW TI On the use of the Singular Value Decomposition for text retrieval SO COMPUTATIONAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the Computational Information Retrieval Workshop (CIR 00) CY OCT 22, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NC SP N Carolina State Univ, Jane S McKimmon Ctr C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM prjhusbands@lbl.gov; hdsimon@lbl.gov; chqding@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 0-89871-500-8 PY 2001 BP 145 EP 156 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BT60F UT WOS:000173491100010 ER PT J AU Zhu, JH Chen, LQ Shen, J Tikare, V AF Zhu, JH Chen, LQ Shen, J Tikare, V TI Microstructure dependence of diffusional transport SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diffusion; microstructures; phase-field; spectral method; grain boundary diffusion; effective diffusion coefficient ID EQUATIONS AB A simple and effective numerical method is proposed for simulating the temporal diffusive mass transport process through a microstructure with arbitrary complexity described by a phase-field approach. The mass diffusion through a given microstructure is modeled by a diffusion equation with a variable diffusion coefficient, which is solved by an efficient and accurate semi-implicit spectral method. It is shown that it is possible to extract the effective diffusion coefficient for any given microstructure from the temporal concentration profiles. The method is used to simulate the grain boundary diffusion in a single-phase polycrystalline grain structure and the heterogeneous diffusion in a two-phase microstructure with different diffusion coefficient in each phase. Results are compared with existing analytical theories and computer simulations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhu, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 231 Steidle Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Shen, Jie/B-4956-2014; Shen, Jie/P-4151-2016 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Shen, Jie/0000-0002-4885-5732; Shen, Jie/0000-0002-4885-5732 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0927-0256(00)00123-3 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 401EV UT WOS:000166915100004 ER PT S AU Kamm, J Rider, W Rightley, P Prestridge, K Benjamin, R Vorobieff, P AF Kamm, J Rider, W Rightley, P Prestridge, K Benjamin, R Vorobieff, P BE Esteve, YV Carlomagno, GM Brebbia, CA TI The gas curtain experimental technique and analysis methodologies SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS X SE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements CY JUN 04-06, 2001 CL ALICANTE, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Alicante, Univ Naples, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Consejo Social Univ Alicante, Gen Valenciana, Diputac Provincial Alicante ID FRACTAL DIMENSION; TURBULENCE AB The qualitative and quantitative relationship of numerical simulation to the physical phenomena being modeled is of paramount importance in computational physics. If the phenomena are dominated by irregular (i.e., nonsmooth or disordered) behavior, then pointwise comparisons cannot be made and statistical measures are required. The problem we consider is the gas curtain Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability experiments of Rightley et al. [13], which exhibit complicated, disordered motion. We examine four spectral analysis methods for quantifying the experimental data and computed results: Fourier analysis, structure functions, fractal analysis, and continuous wavelet transforms. We investigate the applicability of these methods for quantifying the details of fluid mixing. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Kamm, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Prestridge, Kathy/C-1137-2012 OI Prestridge, Kathy/0000-0003-2425-5086 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1369-734X BN 1-85312-870-8 J9 COMPUTAT ENGN PY 2001 VL 3 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BS96Y UT WOS:000171527200009 ER PT S AU Rider, W Kamm, J Rightley, P Prestridge, K Benjamin, R Vorobieff, P AF Rider, W Kamm, J Rightley, P Prestridge, K Benjamin, R Vorobieff, P BE Esteve, YV Carlomagno, GM Brebbia, CA TI Direct statistical comparison of hydrodynamic mixing experiments and simulations SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS X SE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements CY JUN 04-06, 2001 CL ALICANTE, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Alicante, Univ Naples, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Consejo Social Univ Alicante, Gen Valenciana, Diputac Provincial Alicante ID GAS-CURTAIN AB Fluid mixing phenomena are dominated by irregular structures induced by flow instabilities, which lead to non-deterministic behavior. Hence, there is no direct, pointwise method to establish the correspondence between experimental data and numerical simulation. Using statistical analysis methods, we examine the correspondence between experimental data and simulations. We examine the detailed structures of mixing experiments and their simulation for the Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability. To examine the compressible RM instability, we use the gas curtain experiment of Rightley et al. [8]. Numerical simulations of both experimental configurations were conducted with a variety of flow codes. The experiment and simulation agree at the scale of the mixing zone width, there is statistically significant disagreement at smaller scales. We hypothesize that subgrid-scale physics and/or details of the numerical integration may explain theses differences. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Rider, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Prestridge, Kathy/C-1137-2012 OI Prestridge, Kathy/0000-0003-2425-5086 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1369-734X BN 1-85312-870-8 J9 COMPUTAT ENGN PY 2001 VL 3 BP 199 EP 208 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BS96Y UT WOS:000171527200020 ER PT B AU Sabau, AS Viswanathan, S AF Sabau, AS Viswanathan, S BE Cross, M Evans, JW Bailey, C TI Numerical simulation of wax pattern dimensions in investment casting SO COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF MATERIALS, MINERALS AND METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Modeling of Materials, Minerals and Metals Processing CY SEP 23-26, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID FORMULATION; RELAXATION; POLYMERS AB Dimensional changes between a pattern die and its corresponding investment casting part occur as a result of complex phenomena such as thermal expansion/contraction and hot deformation (elastic, plastic, and creep) during the processing of the pattern material (wax), mold material (shell), and solidifying alloy. Determining the pattern tooling dimensions is crucial to the dimensional control of the Investment casting process. To date, computational methodologies have not been applied to the prediction of dimensional changes in investment castings. This paper deals with the evaluation of wax pattern dimensions, which is one important factor in determining pattern tooling dimensions in Investment casting. Cerita 29-51, art industrial wax, is considered in this study. The wax pattern dimensions are determined by considering its thermophysical and thermomechanical properties, restraint of geometrical features by the metal die, and process parameters such as dwell time, platen temperature, injection pressure, and injection temperature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-513-1 PY 2001 BP 431 EP 440 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Mathematics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT68C UT WOS:000173723300040 ER PT B AU Sabau, A Viswanathan, S AF Sabau, A Viswanathan, S BE Cross, M Evans, JW Bailey, C TI Microporosity evolution and interdendritic fluid flows during solidification SO COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF MATERIALS, MINERALS AND METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Modeling of Materials, Minerals and Metals Processing CY SEP 23-26, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID POROSITY FORMATION; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CASTINGS AB In general, the occurrence of microporosity during metal casting is due to the combined effects of solidification shrinkage and gas precipitation. The governing equations for fluid flow and hydrogen evolution indicate that porosity formation and fluid flow are strongly coupled. However, In most studies on microporosity, it is considered that the porosity formation does not influence the fluid flow in the mushy zone. In this study, a computational methodology is presented for the numerical simulation of interdendritic fluid flow and microporosity evolution. The solution algorithm presented includes a fully coupled, implicit treatment of microporosity and local pressure in the mushy zone. The effects of microporosity evolution due to the local pressure drop in the mushy zone, and pore expansion in casting regions where liquid feeding alone cannot compensate for the solidification shrinkage are also considered. It is shown that neglecting the effect of porosity formation on the pressure in the mushy zone yields higher pressure drops. By its growth, microporosity partially compensates for the solidification shrinkage, reducing the feeding demand. A reduced feeding demand requires less fluid flow to compensate for solidification shrinkage, and results in smaller pressure drops in the mushy zone. Therefore, in order to accurately describe casting defects, comprehensive models of fluid flow, heat transfer, and solidification must include the effect of microporosity as well. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-513-1 PY 2001 BP 725 EP 734 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Mathematics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT68C UT WOS:000173723300069 ER PT S AU Miller, MC Reus, JF Matzke, RP Arrighi, WJ Schoof, LA Hitt, RT Espen, PK AF Miller, MC Reus, JF Matzke, RP Arrighi, WJ Schoof, LA Hitt, RT Espen, PK BE Alexandrov, VN Dongarra, JJ Juliano, BA Renner, RS Tan, CJK TI Enabling interoperation of high performance, scientific computing applications: Modeling scientific data with the Sets & Fields (SAF) modeling system SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE -- ICCS 200, PROCEEDINGS PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2001) CY MAY 28-30, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA AB This paper describes the Sets and Fields (SAF) scientific data modeling system; a revolutionary approach to interoperation of high performance, scientific computing applications based upon rigorous, math-oriented data modeling principles. Previous technologies have required all applications to use the same data structures and/or meshes to represent scientific data or lead to an ever expanding set of incrementally different data structures and/or meshes. SAF addresses this problem by providing a small set of mathematical building blocks-sets, relations and fields-out of which a wide variety of scientific data can be characterized. Applications literally model their data by assembling these building blocks. A short historical perspective, a conceptual model and an overview of SAF along with preliminary results from its use in a few ASCI codes are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Miller, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM miller86@llnl.gov; reusl@llnl.gov; matzkel@llnl.gov; arrighi2@llnl.gov; laschoo@sandia.gov; rthitt@sandia.gov; pkespen@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42233-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2074 BP 158 EP 167 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBQ28 UT WOS:000227039400018 ER PT S AU Wilde, T Kohl, JA Flanery, RE AF Wilde, T Kohl, JA Flanery, RE BE Alexandrov, VN Dongarra, JJ Juliano, BA Renner, RS Tan, CJK TI CUMULVS viewers for the ImmersaDesk SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE -- ICCS 200, PROCEEDINGS PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2001) CY MAY 28-30, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA DE scientific visualization; CUMULVS; ImmersaDesk; VTK; SGI performer AB This paper will discuss the development of CUMULVS "viewers" for virtual reality visualization via ImmersaDesk/Cave systems. The CUMULVS (Collaborative, User Migration, User Library for Visualization and Steering) system, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is a base platform for interacting with high-performance parallel scientific simulation programs on-the-fly. It provides run-time visualization of data while they are being computed, as well as coordinated computational steering and application-directed checkpointing and fault recovery mechanisms. CUMULVS primarily consists of two distinct but cooperative libraries - an application library and a viewer library. The application library allows instrumentation of scientific simulations to describe distributed data fields, and the viewer library interacts with this application side to dynamically attach and then extract and assemble sequences of data snapshots for use in front-end visualization tools. A development strategy for integrating CUMULVS with the virtual reality visualization libraries and environments will be presented, including discussion of the various data transformations and the visualization pipeline necessary for converting raw CUMULVS data into fully rendered 3-dimensional graphical entities. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wilde, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42233-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2074 BP 871 EP 880 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBQ28 UT WOS:000227039400092 ER PT B AU Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Brown, W Kiran, E Cochran, HD Salaniwal, S Heath, K Van Hook, WA Stamm, M AF Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Brown, W Kiran, E Cochran, HD Salaniwal, S Heath, K Van Hook, WA Stamm, M BE Dadmun, MD VanHook, WA Noid, DW Melnichenko, YB Sumpter, BG TI Thermodynamic and dynamic properties of polymers in liquid and supercritical solvents SO COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES, NANOTECHNOLOGY, AND SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS OF POLYMER SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southeast Regional Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (SERMACS-99) CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Chem Soc ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; POINT; POLYSTYRENE; CROSSOVER; FLUID; POOR C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Melnichenko, YB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46549-3 PY 2001 BP 15 EP 27 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BS68J UT WOS:000170831300002 ER PT B AU Wignall, GD AF Wignall, GD BE Dadmun, MD VanHook, WA Noid, DW Melnichenko, YB Sumpter, BG TI Small angle neutron scattering from polymers in supercritical carbon dioxide SO COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES, NANOTECHNOLOGY, AND SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS OF POLYMER SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southeast Regional Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (SERMACS-99) CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Chem Soc ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; COPOLYMER MICELLES; SURFACTANTS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wignall, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46549-3 PY 2001 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BS68J UT WOS:000170831300005 ER PT B AU Barnes, MD Ford, JV Fukui, K Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Otaigbe, JU AF Barnes, MD Ford, JV Fukui, K Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Otaigbe, JU BE Dadmun, MD VanHook, WA Noid, DW Melnichenko, YB Sumpter, BG TI Nanoscale optical probes of polymer dynamics in ultrasmall volumes SO COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES, NANOTECHNOLOGY, AND SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS OF POLYMER SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southeast Regional Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (SERMACS-99) CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Chem Soc ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; BLEND MICROPARTICLES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PARTICLE-SIZE; COATED SPHERE; SCATTERING; LIGHT; MICROSPHERES; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; MICRODROPLETS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Laser Spect & Microinstrumentat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Laser Spect & Microinstrumentat Grp, Mail Stop 6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46549-3 PY 2001 BP 79 EP 91 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BS68J UT WOS:000170831300008 ER PT B AU Sumpter, BG Fukui, K Barnes, MD Noid, DW AF Sumpter, BG Fukui, K Barnes, MD Noid, DW BE Dadmun, MD VanHook, WA Noid, DW Melnichenko, YB Sumpter, BG TI Molecular simulation and modeling of the structure and properties of polymer nano-particles SO COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES, NANOTECHNOLOGY, AND SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS OF POLYMER SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southeast Regional Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (SERMACS-99) CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Chem Soc ID BLEND MICROPARTICLES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; DYNAMICS; POLYETHYLENE; LATTICE; FILMS; SIZE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sumpter, BG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46549-3 PY 2001 BP 93 EP 105 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BS68J UT WOS:000170831300009 ER PT B AU Runge, K Fukui, K Akerman, MA Barnes, MD Sumpter, BG Noid, DW AF Runge, K Fukui, K Akerman, MA Barnes, MD Sumpter, BG Noid, DW BE Dadmun, MD VanHook, WA Noid, DW Melnichenko, YB Sumpter, BG TI Theory of the production and properties of polymer nanoparticles: Quantum drops SO COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES, NANOTECHNOLOGY, AND SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS OF POLYMER SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southeast Regional Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (SERMACS-99) CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Chem Soc ID ELECTRONS; SYSTEM; STATES; DOT C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Runge, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46549-3 PY 2001 BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BS68J UT WOS:000170831300010 ER PT B AU Noid, DW Tuzun, RE Runge, K Sumpter, BG AF Noid, DW Tuzun, RE Runge, K Sumpter, BG BE Dadmun, MD VanHook, WA Noid, DW Melnichenko, YB Sumpter, BG TI Shock and pressure wave propagation in nano-fluidic systems SO COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES, NANOTECHNOLOGY, AND SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS OF POLYMER SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southeast Regional Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (SERMACS-99) CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Chem Soc ID ZERO-POINT ENERGY; CLASSICAL TRAJECTORY SIMULATIONS; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; CHAOS; MODEL C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Noid, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46549-3 PY 2001 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BS68J UT WOS:000170831300016 ER PT J AU Cohen, F AF Cohen, F TI Reply to 'Comment on "A framework for modelling trojans and computer virus infection"' by E. Makinen SO COMPUTER JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ New Haven, Sandia Natl Labs, New Haven, CT 06516 USA. RP Cohen, F (reprint author), Univ New Haven, Sandia Natl Labs, New Haven, CT 06516 USA. OI Thimbleby, Harold/0000-0003-2222-4243; Cairns, Paul Antony/0000-0002-6508-372X NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0010-4620 J9 COMPUT J JI Comput. J. PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 326 EP 327 DI 10.1093/comjnl/44.4.326 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 471AG UT WOS:000170904200009 ER PT J AU Voth, TE Christon, MA AF Voth, TE Christon, MA TI Discretization errors associated with reproducing kernel methods: one-dimensional domains SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE reproducing kernel particle methods; meshless; discretization errors ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; PARTICLE METHODS; EQUATIONS; WAVELET AB The reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) is a discretization technique for partial differential equations that uses the method of weighted residuals, classical reproducing kernel theory and modified kernels to produce either "mesh-free" or "mesh-full" methods. Although RKPM has many appealing attributes, the method is new, and its numerical performance is just beginning to be quantified. In order to address the numerical performance of RKPM, von Neumann analysis is performed for semi-discretizations of three model one-dimensional PDEs. The von Neumann analyses results are used to examine the global and asymptotic behavior of the semi-discretizations. The model PDEs considered for this analysis include the parabolic and hyperbolic (first- and second-order wave) equations. Numerical diffusivity for the former and phase speed for the latter are presented over the range of discrete wavenumbers and in an asymptotic sense as the particle spacing tends to zero. Group speed is also presented for the hyperbolic problems. Excellent diffusive and dispersive characteristics are observed when a consistent mass matrix formulation is used with the proper choice of refinement parameter. In contrast, the row-sum lumped mass matrix formulation severely degraded performance. The asymptotic analysis indicates that very good rates of convergence (O(x(6))-O(x(8))) possible when the consistent mass matrix formulation is used with an appropriate choice of refinement parameter and quadrature rule. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluids Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys R&D Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Voth, TE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluids Engn Dept, POB 5800,M-S 0836, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2001 VL 190 IS 18-19 BP 2429 EP 2446 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(00)00245-0 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 408VH UT WOS:000167347800011 ER PT J AU Owen, SJ Saigal, S AF Owen, SJ Saigal, S TI Formation of pyramid elements for hexahedra to tetrahedra transitions SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pyramid; transition element; mesh generation; multi-point constraint ID MESH GENERATION; ALGORITHM AB New algorithms are proposed for the modification of a mixed hexahedra-tetrahedra element mesh to maintain compatibility by the insertion of pyramid elements. Several methods for generation of the pyramids are presented involving local tetrahedral transformations and/or node insertion near the hex/tet interface. Local smoothing and topological operations improve the quality of the transition region. Results show superior performance of the resulting elements in a commercial finite-element code over nonconforming interface conditions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Owen, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, MS 0847,Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2001 VL 190 IS 34 BP 4505 EP 4518 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(00)00330-3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 439XT UT WOS:000169143400007 ER PT J AU Gray, JP Monaghan, JJ Swift, RP AF Gray, JP Monaghan, JJ Swift, RP TI SPH elastic dynamics SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; STRESS POINTS AB The standard smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation of fluid dynamics can exhibit an instability called the tensile instability. This instability may occur with both positive and negative pressure. Usually the effects are small, but in the case of elastic or brittle solids the effects may be severe. Under tension, a brittle solid can fracture, but it is difficult to disentangle the physical fracture and fragmentation from the nonphysical clumping of SPH particles due to the tensile instability. Recently, one of us (JJM) has shown how this instability can be removed by an artificial stress which introduces negligible errors in long-wavelength modes. In this paper we show how the algorithm can be improved by basing the artificial stress on the signs of the principal stresses. We determine the parameters of the artificial stress from the dispersion relation for elastic waves in a uniform material. We apply the algorithm to oscillating beams, colliding rings and brittle solids. The results are in very good agreement with theory, and with other high-accuracy methods. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Epsilon Lab, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Monaghan, JJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Epsilon Lab, 3800, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. NR 21 TC 200 Z9 219 U1 7 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2001 VL 190 IS 49-50 BP 6641 EP 6662 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(01)00254-7 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 485TT UT WOS:000171780600008 ER PT J AU Oden, JT Prudhomme, S Hammerand, DC Kuczma, MS AF Oden, JT Prudhomme, S Hammerand, DC Kuczma, MS TI Modeling error and adaptivity in nonlinear continuum mechanics SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SHELL-LIKE STRUCTURES; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; PLATE-LIKE AB In this paper, computable global bounds on errors due to the use of various mathematical models of physical phenomena are derived. The procedure involves identifying a so-called fine model among a class of models of certain events and then using that model as a datum with respect to which coarser models can be compared. The error inherent in a coarse model, compared to the fine datum, can be bounded by residual functionals unambiguously defined by solutions of the coarse model. Whenever there exist hierarchical classes of models in which levels of sophistication of various coarse models can be defined, an adaptive modeling strategy can be implemented to control modeling error. In the present work, the class of models is within those embodied in nonlinear continuum mechanics. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Texas Inst Computat & Appl Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Poznan Univ Technol, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland. RP Prudhomme, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Texas Inst Computat & Appl Mech, 201 E 24th St,ACES 6-412,Campus Code C0200, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Kuczma, Mieczyslaw/L-9256-2014 OI Kuczma, Mieczyslaw/0000-0001-7427-3675 NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2001 VL 190 IS 49-50 BP 6663 EP 6684 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(01)00256-0 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 485TT UT WOS:000171780600009 ER PT S AU Antropov, VP AF Antropov, VP BE Landau, DP Lewis, SP Schuttler, HB TI Spin dynamics and noncollinearity in molecules and crystals SO COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDIES IN CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS XIII SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Workshop on Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics CY FEB 21-25, 2000 CL CTR SIMULATIONAL PHYS, ATHENS, GA HO CTR SIMULATIONAL PHYS ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; FIRST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING THEORY; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; MAGNETISM; SYSTEMS; FE; FLUCTUATIONS; METALS AB In current paper we would like to review current status in the area of electronic structure calculations of the interaction parameters for the magnetic systems with arbitrary magnetic orderings and their dynamical properties. Due to recent advances in the area of temperature and time dependent first-principle calculations we will describe the connection between so called 'ab-initio' approaches and traditional model techniques. We discuss in details what kind of new effects such treatment brings in comparison with traditional classical local moment description. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Antropov, VP (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-41190-9 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2001 VL 86 BP 7 EP 23 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Physics GA BR25T UT WOS:000165950700002 ER PT S AU Yamakov, V Phillpot, SR Wolf, D Gleiter, H AF Yamakov, V Phillpot, SR Wolf, D Gleiter, H BE Landau, DP Lewis, SP Schuttler, HB TI Molecular dynamics simulation of nanocrystalline Pd under stress SO COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDIES IN CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS XIII SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Workshop on Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics CY FEB 21-25, 2000 CL CTR SIMULATIONAL PHYS, ATHENS, GA HO CTR SIMULATIONAL PHYS ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; DIFFUSION AB Molecular-dynamics simulations are used to study the mechanism of plastic deformation of nanocrystalline Pd at high temperatures (T > 0.5T(m)). To suppress grain growth our fully dense model microstructures consist of 16 grains of equal size (d = 9 nm) and shape. Our simulations reveal that under relatively high tensile stress these microstructures exhibit steady-state diffusion creep that is homogeneous (i.e., involving no grain sliding), with a strain rate that agrees quantitatively with that given by the Coble-creep formula. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yamakov, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 212, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-41190-9 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2001 VL 86 BP 195 EP 201 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Physics GA BR25T UT WOS:000165950700023 ER PT J AU Minard, KR Wind, RA AF Minard, KR Wind, RA TI Solenoidal microcoil design. Part I: Optimizing RF homogeneity and coil dimensions SO CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE solenoid; microcoil; SNR; NMR; RF; homogeneity ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SIGNAL-TO-NOISE; NMR MICROSCOPY; TUMOR SPHEROIDS; SURFACE COIL; SPIN-ECHO; SPECTROSCOPY; SUPPRESSION; INVIVO; LINE AB In Part I of this two part series, the spatial uniformity of the NMR response inside a solenoid-shaped transceiver coil is related to its dimensions, the size of the sample, and the type of radio frequency (RF) pulse sequence employed. The results establish practical guidelines for maximizing NMR sensitivity by defining minimum coil dimensions necessary for sufficient RF held homogeneity in common NMR experiments. In Part II, strategies for optimizing other coil parameters are developed by considering how the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is influenced by a solenoid's size, number of turns, wire diameter, and operating frequency, particularly when its minimum dimensions are fixed by RF homogeneity constraints. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Minard, KR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 48 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1043-7347 J9 CONCEPT MAGNETIC RES JI Concepts Magn. Resonance PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 128 EP 142 DI 10.1002/1099-0534(2001)13:2<128::AID-CMR1002>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA 402TK UT WOS:000167004100003 ER PT J AU Minard, KR Wind, RA AF Minard, KR Wind, RA TI Solenoidal microcoil design - Part II: Optimizing winding parameters for maximum signal-to-noise performance SO CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE solenoid; microcoil; NMR; SNR; sensitivity; RF; losses ID NMR MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; TUMOR SPHEROIDS; SAMPLES; PROBE; RESOLUTION; SENSITIVITY; CIRCUIT AB In high-field proton NMR, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved with a close-fitting solenoidal microcoil is adversely affected by radio frequency (RF) losses in the coil, its leads, the capacitor used to tune it; and finally, the sample. In Part II, a rigorous description of these various losses is presented, and their severity is related to the details of coil design. Results not only provide a rational basis for defining a microcoil's optimal wire diameter and the number of turns, but also for evaluating how the SNR varies with coil Size and NMR frequency in high-field proton NMR studies involving either conducting or non-conducting samples. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Minard, KR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kr_minard@pnl.gov NR 46 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1043-7347 J9 CONCEPT MAGNETIC RES JI Concepts Magn. Resonance PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 190 EP 210 DI 10.1002/cmr.1008 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA 422QF UT WOS:000168130200004 ER PT J AU Brown, RJS Chandler, R Jackson, JA Kleinberg, RL Miller, MN Paltiel, Z Prammer, MG AF Brown, RJS Chandler, R Jackson, JA Kleinberg, RL Miller, MN Paltiel, Z Prammer, MG TI History of NMR well logging SO CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Review DE NMR; NMR history; geophysical NMR; petrophysical NMR; well logging; petroleum industry ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POROUS-MEDIA; PORE SIZES; RELAXATION; ROCKS; SPECTROMETER; APPARATUS; FLUIDS; SENSOR; RATIO AB Well logging is the means by which quantitative information is gathered on subsurface earth formations, in, situ, by lowering a measuring instrument into a borehole in the earth and recording properties of the various geological formations as the instrument is raised to the surface. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements can provide a surprising amount of useful information about sedimentary geological formations. Sedimentary rocks are porous, and the pores can contain water, oil, or natural gas. Proton NMR is used to determine the kinds and amounts of fluids in the pore space, and frame properties such as pore size distribution and hydraulic permeability. Borehole apparatus has been constructed to make these measurements. There are a number of unusual and interesting constraints on the construction and the operation of these instruments. Unlike the usual NMR apparatus, with sample placed inside a magnet and radio frequency coil, the borehole instrument is contained in a cylindrical metal sonde with the "sample-the earth, in fact-outside the apparatus, This article gives an account of the events that led to a revolution in reservoir analysis and indicates the impact NMR has had on this aspect of the petroleum industry by tracing the development of these unusual instruments and of the fundamental research into the NMR relaxation effects of fluids in porous media that was required to interpret the logging data. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, nc. C1 Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NUMAR, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. RP Jackson, JA (reprint author), 6 Woodleaf Ave, Redwood City, CA 94061 USA. NR 142 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 36 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1043-7347 J9 CONCEPT MAGNETIC RES JI Concepts Magn. Resonance PY 2001 VL 13 IS 6 BP 335 EP 413 PG 79 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA 489BV UT WOS:000171972900001 ER PT B AU Jardine, PM Wilson, GV Luxmoore, RJ Gwo, JP AF Jardine, PM Wilson, GV Luxmoore, RJ Gwo, JP GP XX XX TI Conceptual model of vadose-zone transport in fractured weathered shales SO CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF FLOW AND TRANSPORT IN THE FRACTURED VADOSE ZONE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone CY MAR, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID DIFFUSIVE MASS-TRANSFER; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; 2 FORESTED WATERSHEDS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SOIL COLUMNS; UNDISTURBED COLUMNS; AQUIFER SEDIMENTS; COLLOID TRANSPORT; SANDY AQUIFER; GROUND-WATER AB The mobility of water and solutes in the vadose zone occurs through a complex continuum of pores that vary in size and shape. Fractured subsurface media that have weathered often depict the extreme case of pore-class heterogeneity because highly conductive voids surround low-permeability, high-porosity matrix blocks. In this chapter, the physical and chemical processes controlling water and solute transport in fractured, weathered shales are discussed. At the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the weathered shales are commonplace and are characterized by a highly interco7nnected fracture network with densities of 100-200 fractures per meter. The media are conducive to extreme preferential flow that results in physical, hydraulic, and geochemical nonequilibrium conditions between fractures and the surrounding soil matrix. This scenario is of significance with regard to contaminant fate and transport issues at ORNL, where the subsurface burial of toxic metals and radionuclides has occurred. A multiregion flow and transport concept has been adopted to describe the movement of water and solutes through the weathered shale. A variety of multiscale experimental and numerical endeavors have been undertaken to justify the multiregion concept. Experimental manipulations at the laboratory, intermediate, and field scales are designed to quantify the rates and mechanisms of intra- and inter-region mass transfer. These experimental techniques have significantly improved our conceptual understanding of time-dependent solute migration in fractured subsurface media and have also provided the necessary experimental constraints needed for accurate numerical quantification of the physical or geochemical nonequilibrium processes that control solute migration. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jardine, PM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-07302-2 PY 2001 BP 87 EP 114 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BX79H UT WOS:000186471100003 ER PT B AU Bodvarsson, GS Liu, HH Ahlers, CF Wu, YS Sonnenthal, E AF Bodvarsson, GS Liu, HH Ahlers, CF Wu, YS Sonnenthal, E GP XX XX TI Parameterization and upscaling in modeling flow and transport in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain SO CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF FLOW AND TRANSPORT IN THE FRACTURED VADOSE ZONE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone CY MAR, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; FRACTURED ROCKS; HYDROLOGY; NEVADA; SCALE; MEDIA AB Parameterization and upscaling for unsaturated rocks are discussed with application to Yucca Mountain in Nevada, the potential site for a geological repository of high-level nuclear waste. A complex three-dimensional model of the unsaturated zone at Yucca mountain (UZ model) has been developed (Bodvarsson et al., 1997) utilizing all of the available data from the site, including those from numerous surface boreholes and underground tunnels. As the typical grid spacing used in the UZ model is on the order of tens of meters to more than 100 m, the parameterization for the model based on much smaller-scale in situ tests and core measurements must be carefully conducted. A methodology for doing this has been developed and used in the UZ model; this methodology is applicable to most other fractured unsaturated sites. The primary upscaling process used in the UZ model is a direct inversion of the observed data, including saturation, moisture tension, pneumatic, perched water, temperature, and geochemical data. The process starts with one-dimensional inversions and then proceeds to two- and three-dimensional inversions. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bodvarsson, GS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-07302-2 PY 2001 BP 335 EP 365 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BX79H UT WOS:000186471100011 ER PT S AU Batista, CD Ortiz, G AF Batista, CD Ortiz, G BE Hernandez, S Clark, JW TI Spin-particle connections SO CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES, VOL 16 SE CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories (CMT24) CY SEP 12-17, 2000 CL UNIV BUENOS AIRES, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Exact, Phys & Nat Sci Argentina HO UNIV BUENOS AIRES ID HALDANE PHASE; QUANTUM; SYSTEMS; CHAINS; MODEL; TRANSFORMATION; STATISTICS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA SN 0893-861X BN 1-56072-908-2 J9 COND MAT TH PY 2001 VL 16 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BT31R UT WOS:000172619300001 ER PT S AU Baker, GA Johnson, JD AF Baker, GA Johnson, JD BE Hernandez, S Clark, JW TI Perturbation theory in the one-phase region of an electron-ion system SO CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES, VOL 16 SE CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories (CMT24) CY SEP 12-17, 2000 CL UNIV BUENOS AIRES, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Exact, Phys & Nat Sci Argentina HO UNIV BUENOS AIRES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA SN 0893-861X BN 1-56072-908-2 J9 COND MAT TH PY 2001 VL 16 BP 379 EP 389 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BT31R UT WOS:000172619300037 ER PT S AU Campbell, PL Pierson, LG Witzke, EL AF Campbell, PL Pierson, LG Witzke, EL BE Clausen, H Diethelm, MA Helal, A Malik, N Ullah, N Wilson, LF Xue, G TI Trusted objects SO CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE, COMPUTING, AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference CY APR 04-06, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Comp Soc AB A trusted object is a collection of data and programs that is designed to run properly even on an adversary's machine. We believe that network-based agents in high-consequence and in highly reliable applications will depend on this approach, and that the basis for such objects is what we term "faithful execution". C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Campbell, PL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 0-7803-7001-5 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 2001 BP 247 EP 248 DI 10.1109/IPCCC.2001.918658 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BS21W UT WOS:000169105200030 ER PT S AU Muljadi, E McKenna, HE AF Muljadi, E McKenna, HE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Power quality issues in a hybrid power system SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2001 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Industry-Application-Society (IAS) CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2000 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE, Ind Appl Soc DE wind turbine; diesel generator; hybrid power system; power quality; renewable energy ID WIND AB We analyzed a power system network, which consisted of two types of power generation: wind turbine generation and diesel generation. The power quality and the interaction of diesel generation, the wind turbine, and the local load were the subjects of investigation. From an energy-production point of view, it is desirable to have as much wind energy production as possible in order to save fuel consumption of the diesel engines and to reduce the level of pollution. From the customer point of view, it is desirable to have good power quality at the receiving end. The purpose of this paper is to show the impact of wind power plant in the entire system. Also, we discuss how the startup of the wind turbine and the transient condition during load changes affects the voltage and frequency in the system. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-7114-3 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2001 BP 773 EP 781 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BT62U UT WOS:000173561900108 ER PT S AU Su, GJ Adams, DJ AF Su, GJ Adams, DJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Multilevel DC link inverter for brushless permanent magnet motors with very low inductance SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2001 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Industry-Application-Society (IAS) CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2000 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE, Ind Appl Soc ID DRIVE; PERFORMANCE AB Due to their long effective air gaps, permanent magnet motors tend to have low inductance. The use of ironless stator structure in present high power PM motors (several tens of kWs) reduces the inductance even further (<100muH). This low inductance imposes stringent current regulation demands for the inverter to obtain acceptable current ripple. An analysis of the current ripple for these low inductance brushless PM motors shows that a standard inverter with the most commonly used IGBT switching devices cannot meet the current regulation demands and will produce unacceptable current ripples due to the IGBT's limited switching frequency. This paper introduces a new multilevel do link inverter, which can dramatically reduce the current ripple for brushless PM motor drives. The operating principle and design guidelines are included. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Su, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-7114-3 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2001 BP 829 EP 834 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BT62U UT WOS:000173561900116 ER PT S AU Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE AF Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE BE Matthews, MB TI Three-dimensional tomographic Imaging for foliage penetration using multiple-pass spotlight-mode SAR SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Mission Res Corp, Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we demonstrate how spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery can be collected and processed using tomographic techniques to produce three-dimensional images. The technique is particularly useful for the application of foliage penetration (FOPEN), wherein it is desired to separate the radar returns corresponding to tree leaves and branches from the objects of interest that may lie beneath them, We present a mathematical framework for spotlight-mode SAR three-dimensional tomographic imaging and show with real Ku-band SAR data collections the effectiveness of the technique for "seeing" beneath trees. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Signal Proc Res Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jakowatz, CV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Signal Proc Res Grp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7147-X J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2001 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2001.986891 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications GA BU76K UT WOS:000176951500022 ER PT S AU Ludvig, J McCarthy, J Neuendorffer, S Sachs, SR AF Ludvig, J McCarthy, J Neuendorffer, S Sachs, SR BE Matthews, MB TI Reprogrammable platforms for high-speed data acquisition SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Mission Res Corp, Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Complex embedded systems that do not target mass markets often have design and engineering costs that exceed production costs. One example is the triggering and data acquisition system (DAQ) integrated into high-energy physics experiments. Parametrizable and reprogrammable architectures are natural candidates as platforms for specialized embedded systems like high-speed data acquisition systems. In order to facilitate the design of specialized embedded systems, design strategies and tools are needed that greatly increase the efficiency of the design process. End-user programmability of reprogrammable platforms is essential, because system designers, without training in low-level programming languages, are required to change the base design, compare designs, and generate configuration data for the reprogrammable platforms. This paper presents a methodology for designing and evaluating high-speed data acquisition systems using reprogrammable platforms. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ludvig, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7147-X J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2001 BP 486 EP 493 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2001.986973 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications GA BU76K UT WOS:000176951500088 ER PT B AU Weart, WD AF Weart, WD GP USDA USDA TI Evolution of confidence in transport models for performance-assessment: The WIPP case SO CONFIDENCE IN MODELS OF RADIONUCLIDE TRANSPORT FOR SITE-SPECIFIC ASSESSMENTS SE RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-Specific Assessment CY JUN 14-17, 1999 CL CARLSBAD, NM SP USDE/Carlsbad Area Off C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Weart, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18620-4 J9 RADIOACT W PY 2001 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BW20F UT WOS:000181172700002 ER PT B AU Bussod, GY AF Bussod, GY GP USDA USDA TI An unsaturated zone transport field test in fractured tuff SO CONFIDENCE IN MODELS OF RADIONUCLIDE TRANSPORT FOR SITE-SPECIFIC ASSESSMENTS SE RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-Specific Assessment CY JUN 14-17, 1999 CL CARLSBAD, NM SP USDE/Carlsbad Area Off C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bussod, GY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18620-4 J9 RADIOACT W PY 2001 BP 215 EP + PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BW20F UT WOS:000181172700013 ER PT B AU Bryan, CR Siegel, MD AF Bryan, CR Siegel, MD GP USDA USDA TI Crushed-rock column transport experiments using sorbing and nonsorbing tracers to determine parameters for a multirate mass transfer model for the Culebra dolomite at the WIPP site, NM SO CONFIDENCE IN MODELS OF RADIONUCLIDE TRANSPORT FOR SITE-SPECIFIC ASSESSMENTS SE RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-Specific Assessment CY JUN 14-17, 1999 CL CARLSBAD, NM SP USDE/Carlsbad Area Off ID PORE-SCALE HETEROGENEITY AB Site-characterization studies at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site in southeastern New Mexico, USA, have shown that, should radionuclides be released from the repository through inadvertent human intrusion, groundwater transport through the Culebra Dolomite would be the most significant pathway to the accessible environment (US DOE, 1996). The Culebra is a 7 in thick, variably fractured dolomite with massive and vuggy layers lying approximately 440 in above the WIPP repository. Field tracer tests and laboratory batch tests have been used to identify transport processes occurring within the Culebra and quantify relevant parameters for use in performance assessment of the WIPP. Interpretations of both single-well and multiple-well tracer tests suggest that a multirate mass transfer model best describes the transport of nonsorbing tracers in the Culebra Dolomite at scales of meters to tens of meters (Meigs et al., 1997). Recent laboratory experiments using x-ray absorption imaging have confirmed that there are significant variations in diffusion rates within samples of the dolomite (Altman et al., 1998). To constrain actinide diffusion rates and sorption parameters in the Culebra, and to build confidence in the multirate model and its applicability to sorbing species, crushed-rock column transport experiments with Culebra dolomite are currently being carried out at Sandia. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bryan, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18620-4 J9 RADIOACT W PY 2001 BP 267 EP 269 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BW20F UT WOS:000181172700019 ER PT J AU Timmermans, E AF Timmermans, E TI Superfluids and superfluid mixtures in atom traps SO CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; GAS; SCATTERING; FIELDS AB Superfluidity has become a topic of active interest in the field of atom trap Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). We motivate this line of research by placing the BEC developments against the general backdrop of the theory of superfluidity and by highlighting the advantages offered by the atom trap technology. We review the standard description of the BEC dynamics, as well as basic concepts of superfluidity and we present theoretical arguments for expecting the BECs to exhibit superfluid behaviour. In atom traps, as in condensed and nuclear matter, superfluidity can manifest itself in a manifold of guises. Moreover, some of its manifestations can even be undesirable, as we illustrate by the poignant example of sympathetic cooling with condensates. We also review recent experimental evidence for superfluid BEC behaviour and we suggest further experiments to probe superfluidity in atom traps. The low densities of the BECs allow optical imaging and imply that the relevant physics occurs on time and length scales that are much slower and larger than in the traditional He-4 superfluid. Consequently, BEC experiments can study known superfluid phenomena and structures in a different and, perhaps, more detailed manner. In addition, the flexibility offered by existing techniques in atomic, molecular and optical physics is unprecedented in the field of low-temperature physics and suggests the prospect of creating superfluids of fundamentally novel structures. Finally, it is conceivable that new applications of superfluidity may arise from these studies. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Timmermans, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-4,Mailstop B-268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0010-7514 J9 CONTEMP PHYS JI Contemp. Phys. PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1080/00107510010007530 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 409BP UT WOS:000167364900001 ER PT J AU Kress, JD Mazevet, S Collins, LA AF Kress, JD Mazevet, S Collins, LA TI Simulations of molecular fluids under extreme conditions SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on the Physics of Nonideal Plasmas CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL GREIFSWALD, GERMANY ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; INSULATOR-METAL TRANSITION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SHOCKED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; WAVE BASIS-SET; DENSE HYDROGEN; COMPRESSION; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; HUGONIOT AB We report quantum molecular dynamics simulations of dense molecular fluids under extreme pressure and temperature. We discuss two applications in the range of recent gas-gun and laser shock compression experiments: the equation-of-state and shock Hugoniots of deuterium and nitrogen; and, the optical reflectivity of fluid deuterium. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kress, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200103)41:2/3<139::AID-CTPP139>3.3.CO;2-O PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 412FW UT WOS:000167545200007 ER PT J AU Rogers, FJ AF Rogers, FJ TI New activity expansion calculations for warm dense deuterium SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on the Physics of Nonideal Plasmas CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL GREIFSWALD, GERMANY ID SHOCKED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN; STATE; EQUATION; PRESSURE; HUGONIOT AB The activity expansion method has been extended to include molecules. Preliminary calculations of the deuterium Hugoniot are in good agreement with experiment in the region of maximum compression. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rogers, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200103)41:2/3<179::AID-CTPP179>3.0.CO;2-H PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 412FW UT WOS:000167545200017 ER PT J AU Cauble, R Bradley, DK Celliers, PM Collins, GW Da Silva, LB Moon, SJ AF Cauble, R Bradley, DK Celliers, PM Collins, GW Da Silva, LB Moon, SJ TI Experiments using laser-driven shockwaves for EOS and transport measurements SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on the Physics of Nonideal Plasmas CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL GREIFSWALD, GERMANY ID SHOCKED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN; STATE; EQUATION; FLUID; MBAR AB Laser-driven shocks have broken new ground in providing data on strongly coupled systems. One example is the measurements of the Hugoniot of hydrogen isotopes to over 300 GPa and the clear signature of metallic behavior at pressures of 60 GPa. The resulting fluid is strongly coupled (Gamma > 10) and probably composed of ions, atoms, and molecules - a very difficult system to understand. The latest interpretation of these measurements is discussed. In addition, recent shock measurements on the hydrogen-bonded compound water - both EOS and reflectivity - are shown. The metallic signature for water is very different than that of hydrogen. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cauble, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200103)41:2/3<239::AID-CTPP239>3.3.CO;2-K PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 412FW UT WOS:000167545200032 ER PT J AU DeWitt, H Slattery, W Baiko, D Yakovlev, D AF DeWitt, H Slattery, W Baiko, D Yakovlev, D TI Harmonic lattice theory of Coulomb solids and comparison with Monte Carlo simulations SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on the Physics of Nonideal Plasmas CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL GREIFSWALD, GERMANY ID ONE-COMPONENT-PLASMA; PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CRYSTALS; SYSTEMS; ENERGY AB The potential energy of the OCP in the fluid phase is known to great accuracy from Monte Carlo (MC) data obtained from very long simulations. For the crystalline phase, bcc or fcc, the MC simulations are equally accurate but can also be represented nearly analytically in the Harmonic Lattice (HL) approximation. We give here recent results for the anharmonic effects in the classical regime T much greater than T-p (where T-p is the ion plasma temperature) both exact and obtained in the HL approximation. We also give results for the harmonic potential energy in a quantum OCP crystal and discuss the importance of quantum effects for the fluid-lattice phase transition. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP DeWitt, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200103)41:2/3<251::AID-CTPP251>3.0.CO;2-G PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 412FW UT WOS:000167545200035 ER PT J AU Desjarlais, MP AF Desjarlais, MP TI Practical improvements to the Lee-More conductivity near the metal-insulator transition SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on the Physics of Nonideal Plasmas CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL GREIFSWALD, GERMANY ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PLASMAS; ALUMINUM AB The wide-range conductivity model of Lee and More [1] is modified to allow better agreement with recent experimental data and theories for dense plasmas in the metal-insulator transition regime. Modifications primarily include a new ionization equilibrium model, consisting of a smooth blend between single ionization Saha (with a pressure ionization correction) and the generic Thomas-Fermi ionization equilibrium, a more accurate treatment of electron-neutral collisions using a polarization potential, and an empirical modification to the minimum allowed collision time. These simple modifications to the Lee-More algorithm permit a more accurate modeling of the physics near the metal-insulator transition, while preserving the generic Lee-More results elsewhere. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Desjarlais, MP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200103)41:2/3<267::AID-CTPP267>3.3.CO;2-G PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 412FW UT WOS:000167545200039 ER PT J AU Selwyn, GS Herrmann, HW Park, J Henins, I AF Selwyn, GS Herrmann, HW Park, J Henins, I TI Materials processing using an atmospheric pressure, RF-generated plasma source SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT German Federal Topical Conference on Plasma Technology CY FEB 28-MAR 02, 2001 CL UNIV GREIFSWALD, GREIFSWALD, GERMANY HO UNIV GREIFSWALD ID JET AB Processing materials at atmospheric pressure provides clear advantages over traditional, vacuum-based plasma processing: in addition to reduction in the capital cost of equipment and the elimination of constraints imposed by vacuum-compatibility, high pressure and low temperature plasma processes offer unprecedented improvements for generation of active chemical species, high chemical selectivity, minimal ion densities resulting in low Surface damage and surface treatment methods unattainable by other means. We describe several variations of this unique plasma source and some of its potential applications. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Selwyn, GS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 14 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 6 BP 610 EP 619 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200111)41:6<610::AID-CTPP610>3.3.CO;2-C PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 494AD UT WOS:000172255100007 ER PT B AU Hopkins, DJ Wulff, TA Carlisle, K AF Hopkins, DJ Wulff, TA Carlisle, K GP ASPE ASPE TI Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ULTRA-350 test bed SO CONTROL OF PRECISIONS SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Spring Topical Meeting on Control of Prcisions Systems CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA AB LLNL has many in-house designed high precision machine tools. Some of these tools include the Large Optics Diamond Turning Machine (LODTM) [1], Diamond Turning Machine #3 (DTM-3) and two Precision Engineering Research Lathes (PERL-1 and PERL-II). These machines have accuracy in the submicron range and in most cases position resolution in the couple of nanometers range. All of these machines are built with similar underlying technologies. The machines use capstan drive technology, laser interferometer position feedback, tachometer velocity feedback, permanent magnet (PM) brush motors and analog velocity and position loop servo compensation [2]. The machine controller does not perform any servo compensation it simply computes the differences between the commanded position and the actual position (the following error) and sends this to a D/A for the analog servo position loop. LLNL is designing a new high precision diamond turning machine. The machine is called the ULTRA 350 [3]. In contrast to many of the proven technologies discussed above, the plan for the new machine is to use brushless linear motors, high precision linear scales, machine controller motor commutation and digital servo compensation for the velocity and position loops. Although none of these technologies are new and have been in use in industry, applications of these technologies to high precision diamond turning is limited. To minimize the risks of these technologies in the new machine design, LLNL has established a test bed to evaluate these technologies for application in high precision diamond turning. The test bed is primarily composed of commercially available components. This includes the slide with opposed hydrostatic bearings, the oil system, the brushless PM linear-motor, the two-phase input three-phase output linear motor amplifier and the system controller. The linear scales are not yet commercially available but use a common electronic output format. As of this writing, the final verdict for the use of these technologies is still out but the first part of the work has been completed with promising results. The goal of this part of the work was to close a servo position loop around a slide incorporating these technologies and to measure the performance. This paper discusses the tests that were setup for system evaluation and the results of the measurements made. Some very promising results include; slide positioning to nanometer level and slow speed slide direction reversal at less than 100nm/min with no observed discontinuities. This is very important for machine contouring in diamond turning. As a point of reference, at 100 nm/min it would take the slide almost 7 years to complete the full designed travel of 350 mm. This speed has been demonstrated without the use of a velocity sensor. The velocity is derived from the position sensor. With what has been learned on the test bed, the paper finishes with a brief comparison of the old and new technologies. The emphasis of this comparison will be on the servo performance as illustrated with bode plot diagrams. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hopkins, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-792, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-25-9 PY 2001 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BW03M UT WOS:000180678100007 ER PT B AU Hopkins, DJ AF Hopkins, DJ GP ASPE ASPE TI Methods and results of reducing following error in the LLNL large optic diamond turning machine SO CONTROL OF PRECISIONS SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Spring Topical Meeting on Control of Prcisions Systems CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hopkins, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave MS-L-792, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-25-9 PY 2001 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BW03M UT WOS:000180678100016 ER PT J AU Jones, RH Li, H Hirth, JP AF Jones, RH Li, H Hirth, JP TI Effects on mixed-Mode I/III loading on environment-induced cracking SO CORROSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Corrosion 2000 Meeting CY MAR, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA DE cracking; ductile; environment-induced cracking; ferritic steel; hydrogen; martensitic steel ID ASSISTED DUCTILE FRACTURE; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; PURITY ROTOR STEEL; PLANE-STRAIN; TOUGHNESS; HYDROGEN; ALLOY; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM AB Many materials that exhibit ductile. tough behavior during conventional Mode I testing exhibit reduced toughness when loaded with combinations of Mode I and Mode III. A minimum in the energy for crack initiation and stable crack growth was demonstrated for ductile metals with mixed-mode loading with crack planes at angles between 40degrees to 60degrees, relative to Mode I loading. Internal hydrogen further reduced these energies in a ferritic/martensitic steel with the effect being relatively equal in pure Mode I and mixed-mode loading conditions. Hydrogen effects rationalized a number of observations concerning Mode I crack growth rates being faster than Mode III rates for environment-induced cracking. Where hydrogen was not a factor, cracks loaded in Mode I and mixed-Mode I/III grew at similar rates. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Energizer Co, Cleveland, OH 44101 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jones, RH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JAN PY 2001 VL 57 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 565EG UT WOS:000176355600007 ER PT B AU Wall, FD Martinez, MA AF Wall, FD Martinez, MA BE Sinclair, JD Frankenthal, RP Kalman, E Plieth, W TI Homogeneous pit nucleation on high-purity aluminum SO CORROSION AND CORROSION PROTECTION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Int Soc Electrochem, Corros Div ID LOCALIZED CORROSION; PITTING CORROSION AB In this paper we address the question of whether the location of pit initiation on aluminum can best be described as a deterministic or stochastic process. We start with the observation that the pitting potential increases dramatically as electrode area is reduced. The widely accepted premise for this trend is that smaller electrodes do not contain the defect structures that dominate the response of larger samples. However, based on the statistical approach of Shibata, we demonstrate that the area dependence of pitting potential can be accurately predicted based solely on the experimental determination of the relationship between scan rate and pitting potential. This prediction only holds if pit generation rate is linearly dependent on surface area. These results do not support the notion that small area electrodes are less likely to contain a weak link, but rather that small electrodes are less likely to experience a nucleation event in a given time interval. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wall, FD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-355-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 22 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV99L UT WOS:000180622700009 ER PT B AU Lillard, RS AF Lillard, RS BE Sinclair, JD Frankenthal, RP Kalman, E Plieth, W TI Orientation dependence and bonding during pitting corrosion of HCP metals SO CORROSION AND CORROSION PROTECTION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Int Soc Electrochem, Corros Div ID ELECTRON-DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD; BERYLLIUM; DIFFRACTION; ZINC AB The orientation dependence of pitting in single crystal beryllium (Be) is compared to the observations for single crystal zinc (Zn) reported by other investigators. The pit walls in stable propagating pits for prism planes were always square; in the (1010) surface the walls were normal to the [0001] and [1210] directions while in the (1120) surface the walls were normal to the [0001] and [1100] directions. In addition, for the (1010) and (1120) surfaces the pit interiors were characterized by crystallographically oriented parallel plates of unattacked Be. The orientation of these lamella was quite different than those observed in Zn. To explain this difference, the electron density distributions in the metal lattices are analyzed. A conceptual model for crystallographic pitting is introduced. In this model it is proposed that the crystallographic pits observed in single crystal hcp metals reflects the bond energy in the lattice. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-355-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 22 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV99L UT WOS:000180622700035 ER PT B AU Missert, N Copeland, RG Barbour, JC Mikkalson, JE AF Missert, N Copeland, RG Barbour, JC Mikkalson, JE BE Sinclair, JD Frankenthal, RP Kalman, E Plieth, W TI Evolution of Al corrosion at engineered Cu islands SO CORROSION AND CORROSION PROTECTION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Int Soc Electrochem, Corros Div ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; LOCALIZED CORROSION; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PIT INITIATION; INCLUSIONS; AL2CUMG; COPPER; DISSOLUTION; 2024-T3 AB The evolution of corrosion at engineered Cu islands on an Al thin-film matrix was monitored using in-situ fluorescence microscopy coupled with open circuit potential measurements. During exposure to 0.05 M NaCl and 0.1 mM fluorescein, images obtained with a confocal scanning laser microscope show that the solution pH increases relative to the background in a region above the Cu islands, while the Al beneath the islands corrodes. The OH- production rate, due to oxygen reduction on the Cu islands, is linked to the fluorescein emission intensity and fluctuates with time. A simultaneous measurement of the open circuit potential, V-oc, shows that when the fluorescein emission intensity is high, V-oc similar to -0.76 V vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode, while when the emission intensity is low, V-oc can climb as high as -0.55 V vs Ag/AgCl. These measurements show that Al corrosion at the engineered Cu islands proceeds through a series of initiation and re-passivation events. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Missert, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-355-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 22 BP 686 EP 690 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV99L UT WOS:000180622700082 ER PT B AU Sorensen, NR Chen, KS Guilinger, TR Braithwaite, JW Michael, JR AF Sorensen, NR Chen, KS Guilinger, TR Braithwaite, JW Michael, JR BE Sinclair, JD Frankenthal, RP Kalman, E Plieth, W TI Predicting the effects of corrosion on the performance of electrical contacts SO CORROSION AND CORROSION PROTECTION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Int Soc Electrochem, Corros Div ID COPPER AB An analytical capability is being developed to predict the effect of corrosion on the performance of electrical components. This capability eventually will be capable of addressing a wide range of corrosion occurrences. Our approach consists of developing a mechanistic physics-based understanding, identifying rate-controlling processes, measuring kinetic parameters and materials properties, formulating appropriate constitutive equations, and obtaining numerical solutions using a finite element continuum model. Sulfidation of electrical contacts is currently being used as a vehicle to facilitate development of this toolset. The results from our initial efforts to address all the elements of our development process are described in this paper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sorensen, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-355-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 22 BP 706 EP 713 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV99L UT WOS:000180622700084 ER PT B AU Lee, H Isaacs, HS AF Lee, H Isaacs, HS BE Sinclair, JD Frankenthal, RP Kalman, E Plieth, W TI Effect of anion, pH, and temperature on the dissolution behavior of aluminum oxide films SO CORROSION AND CORROSION PROTECTION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Int Soc Electrochem, Corros Div ID KINETICS AB The growth and dissolution behavior of oxide film on abraded pure Al has been investigated using cyclic polarization and has been found to be highly dependent on solution chemistry and temperature. The nature of the anions, borate, chromate, phosphate, and sulfate, at pH 3 to 11, and temperatures 0 to 60 degreesC were examined. In near neutral solutions the dissolution behavior was greatly affected by each anion. In borate and chromate solutions at near neutral pH and room temperature, the currents continued to decrease with each subsequent cycle due to oxide thickening. In contrast, a significant rate of oxide dissolution occurred to produce reproducible repetitive curves during subsequent cycles in a phosphate and sulfate. Sulfate also produced a distinctly different mode during high field oxide growth. In increasing acidic (pH < 4) or basic (pH >9) solutions the oxide dissolution rate increased rapidly. The oxide dissolution rate was always enhanced with increasing temperature. At high pH (>9) or elevated temperature (60 degreesC), a current maximum was observed in chromate, due to a diffusion controlled mono-chromate ion enhanced dissolution reaction at the oxide/solution interface. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-355-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 22 BP 1098 EP 1108 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV99L UT WOS:000180622700128 ER PT J AU Kolman, DG AF Kolman, DG TI A review of the potential environmentally assisted failure mechanisms of austenitic stainless steel storage containers housing stabilized radioactive compounds SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE 316 stainless steel; plutonium; chloride; hydrogen; radiation; cracking ID LOW-TEMPERATURE SENSITIZATION; TRITIATED HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; LIQUID-METAL EMBRITTLEMENT; LONG-TERM PREDICTION; 0.5 N NACL; LOCALIZED CORROSION; DISSOLVED OZONE; COLD WORK; BEHAVIOR; WATER AB The degradation of stainless steel storage containers is a potential problem for 50-year storage of stabilized plutonium-bearing materials. Container materials and their welds will be exposed to ionizing radiation, elevated temperatures, embrittling and/or alloying agents (e.g., gallium and plutonium), chloride-containing compounds, and a limited quantity of moisture. All the above-listed environmental conditions have been shown to be deleterious to material integrity under certain conditions. Although the volume of the literature concerning failure of stainless steels is quite large, the interaction of the environment present within storage containers with stainless steels has not been comprehensively examined. This work attempts to detail selected relevant studies and assess the failure likelihood for storage of stabilized plutonium compounds. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kolman, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Mail Stop E530, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 132 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1 BP 99 EP 125 DI 10.1016/S0010-938X(00)00061-5 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 386DV UT WOS:000166045600007 ER PT S AU Kolb, E AF Kolb, E BE Miller, JB TI A recipe for primordial soup SO COSMIC QUESTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cosmic Questions CY APR, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Dialogue Sci, Ethics & Relig, AAAS Program, John Templeton Fdn, Smithsonian Inst, Off Provost, Sci & Spirit Resources Inc, N Amer Montessori Teachers Assoc DE cosmology; Big Bang; origin of the universe AB If the universe emerged from a state of high temperature and high density, we can study the origin of the universe by recreating those conditions in the laboratory. While we can not reproduce the Big Bang, we can recreate its conditions and study the physical processes responsible for producing the rich and varied universe we observe today. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kolb, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Grp, 209 WH 3W,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-346-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 950 BP 54 EP 65 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Philosophy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Philosophy GA BT92Q UT WOS:000174462800005 PM 11797763 ER PT S AU Smoot, GF AF Smoot, GF BE Durrer, R GarciaBellido, J Shaposhnikov, M TI The first results from MAXIMA SO COSMOLOGY AND PARTICLE PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cosmology and Particle Physics (CAPP 2000) CY JUL 17-28, 2000 CL VERBIER, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Fdn Herbette, Fdn 450e Anniversaire, Univ Autonoma Madrid, Univ Geneve, Univ Lausanne, Tourist Off Verbier AB This talk reviews the first results from MAXIMA and the scientific implications of the combined MAXIMA and BOOMERANG data sets. The key piece of science is that both experiments independently observe the first acoustic peak in CMB angular power spectrum at a value l similar to 200 and with a width which are compatible with a flat universe and inflation. Both experiments also observe a positive signal which is lower than that previously expected for the second acoustic peak region. A natural economical explanation is that the density of baryons is slightly but noticeably higher than that determined through Big Bang Nucleosynthesis theory. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SMOOT@smoot.lbl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-986-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 555 BP 95 EP 106 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BS13G UT WOS:000168778800007 ER PT S AU Frieman, JA AF Frieman, JA BE Durrer, R GarciaBellido, J Shaposhnikov, M TI Probing large-scale structure with galaxy surveys SO COSMOLOGY AND PARTICLE PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cosmology and Particle Physics (CAPP 2000) CY JUL 17-28, 2000 CL VERBIER, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Fdn Herbette, Fdn 450e Anniversaire, Univ Autonoma Madrid, Univ Geneve, Univ Lausanne, Tourist Off Verbier ID CAMPANAS REDSHIFT SURVEY; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; POWER SPECTRUM; DENSITY; CATALOG; Z-SIMILAR-TO-3 AB In recent years, the framework for a plausible theory of large-scale structure formation has emerged: primordial, quasi-scale-invariant perturbations from inflation: which subsequently grow by gravitational instability in a universe with a substantial component of cold dark matter. In the near future, a new generation of galaxy redshift surveys, along with cosmic microwave background missions and other cosmological probes, will test this structure formation paradigm with unprecedented precision. This talk highlights recent progress and expected future developments in our understanding of large-scale structure and in testing the inflationary scenario for its formation. C1 NASA, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Frieman, JA (reprint author), NASA, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-986-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 555 BP 201 EP 214 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BS13G UT WOS:000168778800016 ER PT B AU McKamey, CG George, EP Carmichael, CA Cao, WD Kennedy, RL AF McKamey, CG George, EP Carmichael, CA Cao, WD Kennedy, RL BE Parker, JD TI Effects of phosphorus and boron on the creep behavior of waspaloy SO CREEP AND FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures CY APR 01-04, 2001 CL UNIV WALES SWANSEA, SWANSEA, WALES HO UNIV WALES SWANSEA ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE WATER; INTERGRANULAR CRACKING; HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; HEAT-TREATMENT; BASE ALLOY; SEGREGATION; NI-16CR-9FE; SUPERALLOY; ADDITIONS AB Five heats of Waspaloy were investigated in this study, including two commercial-purity heats (40-60 ppm P and 50-60 ppm B), one high-purity heat (10 ppm P and <10 ppm B), one heat containing high P and high B (220 and 110 ppm, respectively), and one heat containing low P and high B (10 and 140 ppm, respectively). The grain sizes ranged from 7 to 12 gm. Creep tests were conducted in air at stresses in the range 200-520 MPa and temperatures in the range 730-815degreesC. Creep strength was highest in the high-B low-P alloy and lowest in the high-B high-P and high-purity alloys with two commercial-purity alloys falling in between. Fracture in the high-purity alloy occurred by separation along the grain boundaries in a direction perpendicular to the stress direction and was accompanied by ductilities of less than about 10%. In contrast, fracture in all of the other alloys was by ductile dimple rupture. Since poor ductility and low strength can both be life-limiting factors in high-temperature applications, the high-B low-P modification of Waspaloy appears to be optimal. Possible mechanisms for the strengthening due to boron are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McKamey, CG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOM COMMUNICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND BN 1-86125-144-0 PY 2001 BP 459 EP 468 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT88K UT WOS:000174346700046 ER PT J AU Powers, SE Hunt, CS Heermann, SE Corseuil, HX Rice, D Alvarez, PJJ AF Powers, SE Hunt, CS Heermann, SE Corseuil, HX Rice, D Alvarez, PJJ TI The transport and fate of ethanol and BTEX in groundwater contaminated by gasohol SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE oxygenates; ethanol; gasoline; dissolution; biodegradation; natural attenuation; cosolvency; benzene ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA; PLUS WATER PLUS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DENSE CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; GASOLINE OXYGENATE; SAND COLUMNS; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; METHANOGENIC BACTERIA; ALCOHOL MIXTURES AB Ethanol is used a component in all gasoline in Brazil, and its use could increase significantly in the U.S. to meet the requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments. Recent problems with ground water contamination by methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) have made policymakers more cognizant of the need to consider the overall impact of gasoline oxygenates in the environment. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the impact of incorporating ethanol as a gasoline component on the fare and transport of gasoline releases is required. This article provides a comprehensive review of the transport of ethanol and monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) in the subsurface following a gasohol spill. Two mechanisms related to the presence of ethanol are generally considered to impact BTEX transport. Ethanol can increase the aqueous concentration of BTEX compounds due to a cosolvent effect, and it can inhibit BTEX biodegradation by preferentially consuming electron accepters and nutrients. Our review illustrates that cosolvent effects should be minor at the ethanol concentrations expected from gasohol spills. Nevertheless, the inhibition of BTEX biodegradation and the possible decrease in sorption-related retardation suggests that ethanol is likely to increase BTEX plume lengths. The net effect of ethanol on natural attenuation of BTEX is likely to be system specific. depending largely on the release scenario and the assimilative capacity of the aquifer. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Engn Sanitaria & Ambiental, BR-88010960 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Protect Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Alvarez, PJJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Corseuil, Henry/B-2535-2013 NR 120 TC 87 Z9 95 U1 10 U2 56 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 1 BP 79 EP 123 DI 10.1080/20016491089181 PG 45 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 402HJ UT WOS:000166980500003 ER PT J AU Saripalli, KP Meyer, PD Bacon, DH Freedman, VL AF Saripalli, KP Meyer, PD Bacon, DH Freedman, VL TI Changes in hydrologic properties of aquifer media due to chemical reactions: A review SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE subsurface; precipitation; dissolution; ion exchange; porosity; permeability; formation damage; reactive transport modeling ID PRECIPITATION DISSOLUTION WAVES; HYDRAULIC-CONDUCTIVITY; POROUS-MEDIA; PERMEABILITY REDUCTION; MODEL; FLOW; GROUNDWATER; POROSITY; SYSTEMS; COMPETITION AB Hydrologic properties that govern fluid flow through the subsurface are porosity, permeability, relative permeability, fluid-fluid and fluid-solid interfacial areas, pore and particle size distributions, which may change due to dissolution/precipitation of minerals, fine particle release and capture, ion exchange, and clay swelling. Provided here is a review on the change of hydrologic properties in subsurface media due to chemical processes, and the modeling of such changes. Precipitation and dissolution processes affecting the hydrologic properties, their kinetics and the effect of hydrodynamic factors on such processes are discussed. Precipitation in carbonaceous, siliceous, alkaline and acidic environments, and the role of dissolution and clay swelling in formation damage are reviewed. Changes in properties of unsaturated and fractured media were also discussed. Traditionally, different approaches were used to model various physico-chemical processes and their effect on the hydrologic properties. A detailed review of these methods, including the geochemical equilibrium and kinetic models, chemical divide pathway models, flow and transport models, precipitation/dissolution wave theory, network models, porosity and permeability reduction models, is presented. Recommendations are provided for the assessment of changes in the hydrologic properties of subsurface media attributable to chemical reactions, and modeling flow and transport in their presence. Further, research needs on the changes in hydrologic properties and constitutive relationships among such properties in unsaturated media are identified. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saripalli, KP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 1313 Sigma 5 Complex K6-81, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Bacon, Diana/0000-0001-9122-5333 NR 97 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 25 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 4 BP 311 EP 349 DI 10.1080/20016491089244 PG 39 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 490BD UT WOS:000172029600002 ER PT J AU Dinus, RJ Payne, P Sewell, NM Chiang, VL Tuskan, GA AF Dinus, RJ Payne, P Sewell, NM Chiang, VL Tuskan, GA TI Genetic modification of short rotation popular wood: Properties for ethanol fuel and fiber productions SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE biomass feedstock quality; lignin; cellulose; hemicellulose; wood-specific gravity; selection and breeding; genetic markers; genetic transformation ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE GENE; MARKER-AIDED SELECTION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; 4-COUMARATE-COENZYME-A LIGASE; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; EUCALYPTUS NITENS; CELLULOSE CONTENT AB Opportunities for matching wood chemical and physical properties to manufacturing and product requirements via genetic modification have long been recognized. Exploitation is now feasible due to advances in trait measurement, breeding, genetic mapping and marker, and genetic transformation technologies. With respect to classic selection and breeding of short-rotation poplars, genetic parameters are favorable for decreasing lignin content and increasing specific gravity, but less so for increasing cellulose content. Knowledge of functional genomics is expanding, as is that needed for eventual application of marker-aided breeding, trait dissection, candidate gene identification, and gene isolation. Research on gene transfer has yielded transgenic poplars with decreased lignin and increased cellulose contents, but otherwise normal growth and development. Until effective marker-aided breeding technologies become available, the most promising approach for enhancing ethanol fuel and fiber production and processing efficiencies centers on selecting and breeding poplars for high wood substance yields and genetically transforming them for decreased lignin and increased cellulose contents. C1 Dept Wood Sci, Bellingham, WA 98226 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Feedstock Dev Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Boise Cascade Fiber Farm, Wallula, WA USA. RP Dinus, RJ (reprint author), Dept Wood Sci, 2490 Goshen Rd, Bellingham, WA 98226 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 96 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 14 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 51 EP 69 DI 10.1080/20013591099182 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 405PD UT WOS:000167167500004 ER PT J AU Thomassen, DG AF Thomassen, DG TI Commentary on white paper - The future of hormesis: Where do we go from here? Edward J. Calabrese SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the United-States-Air-Force on the Scientific Foundations of Hormesis CY SEP 28-29, 2000 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS SP US Air Force HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS C1 US DOE, Off Biol & Environm Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Thomassen, DG (reprint author), US DOE, Off Biol & Environm Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 4-5 BP 665 EP 667 DI 10.1080/20014091111938 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 460EC UT WOS:000170294400025 PM 11504195 ER PT B AU White, PS Densmore, LD AF White, PS Densmore, LD BE Grigg, GC Seebacher, F Franklin, CE TI DNA sequence alignments and data analysis methods: their effect on the recovery of crocodylian relationships SO CROCODILIAN BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Crocodilian Biology and Evolution CY JUL, 1998 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, ST LUCIA, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Queensland, Dept Zool HO UNIV QUEENSLAND ID AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENIES; SUPPORT; LIMITS; SITES AB Molecular sequence data contain historical information and can be used to estimate phylogenies. Methods for constructing phylogeny estimates pre-date most molecular methods, but much work has been done to apply the appropriate methods and assumption sets to specific types of molecular data. Correct homology assignment of characters is a basic assumption of all phylogenetic methods. The correct alignment of DNA or RNA sequences is among the most critical steps in recovering the most accurate phylogeny. This is particularly true of characters located in areas where differing sequence lengths among individuals exist such that gaps are required for proper alignment (e.g., non-coding regions, ribosomal genes, etc.). Uncertain alignment in these regions results in inappropriate designation of characters as homologues, which can lead to the recovery of trees with incorrect topologies. Herein we evaluate the effects a variety of phylogenetic methods and assumption, and of gap characters in two crocodylian mitochondrial DNA data sets, the 12S rDNA data of Gatesy and Amato (1992; unpubl. data). Although controversy has existed between molecular and morphological interpretations of crocodylian phylogeny, several sets of relationships are highly corroborated by virtually all types of analyses, for example, the sister taxon status of the American and Chinese alligators. Inclusion of gap characters in the 12S data set led to the recovery of topologies that suggested the alligators are paraphyletic using both maximum parsimony and compatibility algorithms. Omission of gap characters produced topologies that supported alligator monophyly using several tree building maximum parsimony methods, including weighted, Wagner, transversion and threshold parsimony. Careful comparison of various methods under a wide variety of assumptions suggest conditions for some of the methods that are more likely to recover an accurate phylogeny estimate from data sets with unusual amounts of noise. Of greater value in recovering correct topology was the use of the use of a multiple sequence alignment programme, i.e., optimal sequence alignments appear to be more important than the choice of data analysis methods and assumption sets. We also summarize the results of analyses of our own ND6-tRNA (glu)-cytB data set (White and Densmore, submitted). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP White, PS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SURREY BEATTY & SONS PI CHIPPING NORTON NSW PA 32 RICKARD ROAD, CHIPPING NORTON NSW, 2170, AUSTRALIA BN 0-949324-89-2 PY 2001 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Ecology; Developmental Biology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Developmental Biology; Zoology GA BT71L UT WOS:000173832900003 ER PT J AU Bennett, PV Hada, M Hidema, J Lepre, AM Pope, LC Quaite, FE Sullivan, JH Takayanagi, S Sutherland, JC Sutherland, BM AF Bennett, PV Hada, M Hidema, J Lepre, AM Pope, LC Quaite, FE Sullivan, JH Takayanagi, S Sutherland, JC Sutherland, BM TI Isolation of high molecular length DNA: Alfalfa, pea, rice, sorghum, soybean, and spinach SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PYRIMIDINE DIMERS; STRAND BREAKS; SATIVA L; RADIATION; DAMAGE; QUANTITATION; SEEDLINGS; UVB; REPAIR; PLANTS AB Measuring DNA damage in higher plants is important in assessing the impacts of environmental conditions, e,g,, increased UV resulting from ozone depletion, and in testing the relationship of productivity to DNA damage and repair. Sunlight exposure of plants produces UV-induced DNA damages measurable by treating DNA with damage-specific enzymes and dispersion of DNA molecules in denaturing media. Such DNA must be enzyme-digestible, with few single strand breaks. DNA isolation must preclude repair, providing a "snapshot" of DNA damage. We developed a method for isolating DNA from several crop plants, both monocots and dicots - alfalfa (Medicago sativa L,), pea (Pisum sativum L,), rice (Oryza sativa L,), soybean [Glycine mar (L,) Merr,], sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and spinach (Spinacia oleraceae L,), This method is simple, readily deals with multiple samples, and avoids organic solvents. We show that pyrimidine dimers can readily be quantified in DNA prepared by this method. This method should also be useful for other experiments requiring high molecular length, enzymatically digestible plant DNA. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kyoto Univ, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Genet Ecol, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Biol & Biomed Sci Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Toho Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QX UT WOS:000169469600028 ER PT B AU Gschneider, KA Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK AF Gschneider, KA Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK BE Ross, RG TI Ductile, high heat capacity, magnetic regenerator alloys for the 10 to 80 K temperature range SO CRYOCOOLERS 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 20-22, 2000 CL BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP, KEYSTONE, CO HO BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP AB New erbium-based regenerator materials have been developed as a replacement for lead in low temperature cryocoolers. These alloys have volumetric heat capacities which are 20 to 185% larger than that of lead from 10 to 80 K. These magnetic, ductile, oxidation resistant erbium alloys are more than 10 times stronger than lead and have a thermal conductivity similar to10 times lower than lead. The alloys can easily be fabricated into spheres, foils, ribbons, and wires, and are environmentally friendly, non-toxic materials. A layered regenerator composed of three different erbium alloy compositions is recommended as the most efficient system to improve the cryocoolers' performance to "get the lead out." C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneider, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46567-1 PY 2001 BP 433 EP 441 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics GA BT66F UT WOS:000173666500055 ER PT B AU Edwards, BC Anderson, JE Epstein, RI Hoyt, CW Sheik-Bahae, M AF Edwards, BC Anderson, JE Epstein, RI Hoyt, CW Sheik-Bahae, M BE Ross, RG TI Solid-state optical cooler developments SO CRYOCOOLERS 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 20-22, 2000 CL BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP, KEYSTONE, CO HO BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP ID CONDENSED-PHASE; UP-CONVERSION; LASER; TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTORS; REFRIGERATION; GLASSES AB Optical cooling of solids was first demonstrated in 1995. Since that time our efforts have concentrated on using this phenomenon to produce a viable optical cryocooler. A beach-top, solid-state optical cooler was demonstrated recently with 54 degreesC of cooling from room temperature and a heat lift of 25 mW when it was pumped with 1.6 watts of laser light. Based on the bench-top cooler results a compact, rugged, self-contained system with laser-diode pumping is being constructed as a prototype for research and commercial applications. Recent results, designs and plans for future work are discussed. In addition to prototype work, our efforts have continued on producing additional optical materials which demonstrate optical cooling and will improve the efficiency and useful temperature range of optical coolers. New materials with promising results are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Edwards, BC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46567-1 PY 2001 BP 631 EP 636 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics GA BT66F UT WOS:000173666500078 ER PT S AU Istratov, AA Hieslmair, H Weber, ER AF Istratov, AA Hieslmair, H Weber, ER BE Kolbesen, BO Claeys, C Stallhofer, P Tardif, F TI Modeling of metal impurity gettering SO CRYSTALLINE DEFECTS AND CONTAMINATION: THEIR IMPACT AND CONTROL IN DEVICE MANUFACTURING III - DECON 2001 SE Electrochemical Society Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Satellite Symposium on Crystalline Defects and Contamination - Their Impact and Control in Device Manufacturing III CY SEP 11-13, 2001 CL NURNBERG, GERMANY SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div ID CZOCHRALSKI-GROWN SILICON; BORON-DOPED SILICON; STACKING-FAULTS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PRECIPITATE COLONIES; PARTIAL DISLOCATIONS; TRANSITION-ELEMENTS; OUT-DIFFUSION; COPPER; IRON AB Gettering is a means of minimizing the impact of inadvertent contamination in a production line on the device yield. The high cost of fabrication of high-end integrated circuits and increasingly tight requirements for the maximum permitted contamination level on a production line stimulated computer modeling of metal impurity gettering in silicon. Modeling is expected to replace prohibitively expensive experiments in a semiconductor fab. The task of developing a predictive gettering simulator requires development of physically sound models for impurity gettering, determination of kinetic parameters of defect reactions involved in gettering, and writing a robust and fast code to perform the simulations. In this article, we summarize our experience of developing a gettering simulator for 3d transition metals in silicon, briefly discuss its algorithm, outline the problems, and show examples of the applications of the gettering simulator. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 62-203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 0275-0171 BN 1-56677-363-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 29 BP 267 EP 281 PG 15 WC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BW01Y UT WOS:000180658300023 ER PT J AU Hrbek, J Hwang, RQ AF Hrbek, J Hwang, RQ TI Interaction of adsorbates on strained metallic layers SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE scanning tunneling microscopy; adsorbates; metallic layers ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SELF-ORGANIZED GROWTH; NI ISLAND ARRAYS; THIN CU FILMS; RECONSTRUCTED AU(111); CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; PD OVERLAYERS; SURFACE; NUCLEATION; RU(0001) AB To relieve strain, metal surfaces under tensile or compressive stress often develop periodic two-dimensional patterns of dislocations. Recently, we have seen new developments in the characterization of strained layers, their theoretical simulations: and their applications for growth of self-assembled cluster arrays. The atomic resolution imaging of clean and adsorbate-covered strained surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy has allowed the identification of reactive sites and the structural characterization of growing clusters. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Surface Chem Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hrbek, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 5 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S1359-0286(00)00026-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 441KY UT WOS:000169230600011 ER PT B AU Gering, KL Rosentreter, JJ AF Gering, KL Rosentreter, JJ BE Young, CA Twidwell, LG Anderson, CG TI Real-time measurement of aqueous cyanide in mining operations SO CYANIDE: SOCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cyanide - Social, Industrial and Economic Aspects held at the Annual Meeting of TMS CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Processing Div, Extract & Processing Div, Waste Treatment & Minimizat Comm, Extract & Processing Div, Precious Met Comm, Int Precious Met Inst, Soc Min Met & Explorat Inc, NW Min Assoc AB A detection method and apparatus have been developed to perform real-time measurement of aqueous free cyanide, CN-. A laboratory prototype can measure cyanide ranging from 5 micrograms per liter to 100 milligrams per liter for analysis times as short as 2 minutes per measurement. Sample size per measurement is typically only a few ml, thus minimizing the waste volume produced from spent samples. The basis for this detection device is a quantifiable, stable affinity between the electrode material and free cyanide in the sample. The electrode exhibits piezoelectric behavior, allowing it to be used as a microbalance. This technology has experienced two generations of laboratory prototypes, and has been thoroughly tested to determine the operational sensitivity toward process variables such as pH, competing reactions, etc. The speed and accuracy of this method make it superior to conventional wet chemistry methods used for quantifying cyanide levels in water. A device based on this technology could be useful in areas involving process monitoring and environmental compliance, particularly in the cyanide-based leach mining industry. Interest for this detector has been shown by the gold mining industry and others. Patent application is in progress. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Gering, KL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-479-8 PY 2001 BP 141 EP 150 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR82J UT WOS:000167712900013 ER PT S AU Tatum, BA Beene, JR Dowling, DT AF Tatum, BA Beene, JR Dowling, DT BE Marti, F TI The Oak Ridge Isochronous cyclotron: Enhancements to ORNL's HRIBF driver accelerator SO CYCLOTRONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL E LANSING, MI SP Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID NE-18 AB The Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron, ORIC, serves as the driver accelerator for the production of radioactive ion beams (RIBs) at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF). ORIC has served the physics community for almost 40 years as first a light ion accelerator, then as an energy booster for the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility's 25 MV tandem electrostatic accelerator, and now as a light ion driver for RIB production. In spite of its age, ORIC is a more durable and efficient accelerator than ever through extensive enhancements and development initiatives in recent years, Control system, power supply, central region, and mechanical upgrades have proven effective in making ORIC a key to recent research successes at HRIBF. This paper describes the ORIC enhancements and the recent RIB research to which it has contributed.* C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tatum, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0044-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 600 BP 148 EP 150 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU54Q UT WOS:000176289100041 ER PT S AU Takahashi, H AF Takahashi, H BE Marti, F TI Induction FFAG for accelerator driven reactor SO CYCLOTRONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL E LANSING, MI SP Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB To operate a sub-critical reactor with a high-intensity proton accelerator, I propose using an induction fixed field alternating gradient (IFFAG) accelerator. This multi-orbit accelerator, which uses a static, fixed magnetic field for strong focusing, can readily accommodate a proton beam with a high space charge accelerated by an induction cell. Furthermore, it is free from a wake field and also from the electric field associated with electric breakdowns, which are a major concern in RF generation in an acceleration cavity. In these ways, the reliability of the acceleration can be improved. A tandem type of circular accelerator can be a compact one, and can be built for less cost than a linear accelerator. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Takahashi, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0044-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 600 BP 208 EP 210 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU54Q UT WOS:000176289100054 ER PT S AU Johnstone, C AF Johnstone, C BE Marti, F TI Recent studies of FFAGs in the USA SO CYCLOTRONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL E LANSING, MI SP Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB Muon acceleration is one of the most difficult stages to develop for a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. The large transverse and longitudinal admittances which must be designed into the system and the rapidity with which acceleration must take place because of muon decay preclude the use of conventional synchrotron design. The current approaches employ fixed-field architectures for muon acceleration: one being a recirculating linac (RLA) with separate fixed-field arcs for each acceleration turn, and another a fixed-field alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerator. Although both scenarios are being actively pursued, this paper emphasizes the FFAG option. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Johnstone, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0044-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 600 BP 211 EP 215 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU54Q UT WOS:000176289100055 ER PT S AU Lyneis, CM Leitner, MA Wutte, D Taylor, CE Abbott, SR AF Lyneis, CM Leitner, MA Wutte, D Taylor, CE Abbott, SR BE Marti, F TI VENUS: The next generation ECR ion source SO CYCLOTRONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL E LANSING, MI SP Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB The construction of VENUS, an Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source designed to operate at 28 GHz, is nearing completion. Tests with the superconducting magnet assembly produced axial magnetic field strengths of 4 T at injection and 3 T at extraction and a sextupole field of 2 T at the plasma wall. These fields are sufficient for optimum operation at 28 GHz. We expect a shift to higher charge states and an increase in the beam intensities (about 4 times) compared to those obtained with the AECR-U, which operates at 14 GHz. Initial operation will be at 18 GHz, but best performance is expected when operation with a 10 kW, 28 GHz gyrotron becomes possible. The high beam intensities and the large axial magnetic field at extraction make it challenging to extract, analyze and transport the beam into the 88-Inch Cyclotron. The analyzing system which consists of a solenoid lens and a large gap 18 cm spectrometer-magnet with higher order field corrections has been optimized utilizing 3D magnet and ray-tracing codes including space charge effects, The status of the construction and design aspects of the source and beam transport system are described below. C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lyneis, CM (reprint author), LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0044-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 600 BP 219 EP 222 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU54Q UT WOS:000176289100056 ER PT S AU Anicic, D Blumer, T Jirousek, I Lutz, H Mezger, A AF Anicic, D Blumer, T Jirousek, I Lutz, H Mezger, A BE Marti, F TI Requiremients and solutions for accelerator control systems SO CYCLOTRONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL E LANSING, MI SP Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB Throughout the life cycle of control systems, we are faced with the question of what fabulous new piece of hardware or software should be used and how to integrate this into a viable system. Accelerators cover a wide range, from simple cyclotrons for isotope production, to cascades of cyclotrons for variable energy and multiple particles, this precludes a standard answer for all cases. The system requirements according to the purpose and nature of the accelerator are analyzed and we try to extract some guidelines for implementation, development and maintenance of the appropriate control systems. We then try to analyze present trends in a selection of fields like operating systems, commercial systems, software sharing, field busses, etc. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Anicic, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0044-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 600 BP 364 EP 366 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU54Q UT WOS:000176289100096 ER PT S AU Wutte, D Clark, DJ Laune, B Leitner, MA Lyneis, CM AF Wutte, D Clark, DJ Laune, B Leitner, MA Lyneis, CM BE Marti, F TI High intensity ion beam injection into the 88-inch cyclotron SO CYCLOTRONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL E LANSING, MI SP Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB Low cross section experiments to produce super-heavy elements have increased the demand for high intensity heavy ion beam at energies of about 5 MeV/nucleon at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Therefore, efforts are underway to increase the overall ion beam transmission through the axial injection tine and the cyclotron. The ion beam emittance has been measured for various ion masses and charge states. Beam transport simulations including space charge effects were performed for both the injection line and the ion source extraction. The relatively low nominal injection voltage of 10 kV was found to be the main factor for ion beam losses, because of beam blow up due to space charge forces at higher intensities. Consequently, experiments and simulations have been performed at higher injection energies, and it was demonstrated that the ion beams could still be centered in the cyclotron at these energies. Therefore, the new injector ion source VENUS and its ion beam transport system (currently under construction at the 88-Inch Cyclotron) are designed for extraction voltages up to 30 kV. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Wutte, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0044-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 600 BP 445 EP 448 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU54Q UT WOS:000176289100119 ER PT S AU Clark, DJ AF Clark, DJ BE Marti, F TI Departed cyclotron pioneers SO CYCLOTRONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL E LANSING, MI SP Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB Following the commemoration of Reg Richardson by Mike Craddock at the last Cyclotron Conference [1], it is fitting to recall the contributions of other cyclotron pioneers who have left us in the past few years. Included in the following text are descriptions of the contributions of 8 people, 6 "builders" and 2 "users". Their work was done from the 1930's up to the present and includes both experimental and theoretical contributions. C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clark, DJ (reprint author), LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0044-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 600 BP 471 EP 473 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU54Q UT WOS:000176289100126 ER PT J AU Belge, G Rippe, V Meiboom, M Drieschner, N Garcia, E Bullerdiek, J AF Belge, G Rippe, V Meiboom, M Drieschner, N Garcia, E Bullerdiek, J TI Delineation of a 150-kb breakpoint cluster in benign thyroid tumors with 19q13.4 aberrations SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CYTOGENETIC FINDINGS; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; REGION; CELLS; MAP AB Structural rearrangements involving the long arm of chromosome 19 characterize a cytogenetic subgroup of benign thyroid tumors and constitute one of the most frequent specific chromosome abnormalities in epithelial tumors. Recently. we have been able to narrow down the breakpoint region affected in two cell lines to a region covered by a single PAC clone. Close to that region a candidate gene has been identified which we tentatively referred to as RITA (Rearranged In Thyroid Adenomas) now named ZNF331 according to HUGO nomenclature. However, the results had been obtained on two cell lines only making it necessary to extend the studies to a larger number of tumors including primary material. Herein, we have used four further primary tumors showing translocations involving 19q13 for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping studies using a variety of molecular probes from a 470-kbp cosmid/BAC contig. Ten new STSs were characterized and physically mapped within an EcoRI restriction map. The results enabled us to define an approximately 150-kbp breakpoint cluster region of the 19q13 aberrations in benign thyroid tumors flanked by two newly established STS markers. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Univ Bremen, Ctr Human Genet & Genet Counseling, Bremen, Germany. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Bullerdiek, J (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Ctr Human Genet, Leobenerstr ZHG, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RI Rippe, Volkhard/I-1927-2013 OI Rippe, Volkhard/0000-0001-8758-6013 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 2001 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 51 DI 10.1159/000056947 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 457XU UT WOS:000170163600011 PM 11474178 ER PT J AU Rachidi, M Lopes, C Chabert, C Roubertoux, P Vayssetes, C Delezoide, AL Rubin, EM Delabar, JM AF Rachidi, M Lopes, C Chabert, C Roubertoux, P Vayssetes, C Delezoide, AL Rubin, EM Delabar, JM TI Abnormal cerebellar folial pattern in YAC transgenic mice containing a patterning gene from the Down syndrome chromosomal region 1 SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UFR Necker Enfants Malades, CNRS, UMR 8602, Paris, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, UPR 9074, F-45071 Orleans, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 2001 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 422LU UT WOS:000168120400013 ER PT J AU Muhlmann-Diaz, MC Ulsh, BA Whicker, FW Hinton, TG Congdon, JD Robinson, JF Bedford, JS AF Muhlmann-Diaz, MC Ulsh, BA Whicker, FW Hinton, TG Congdon, JD Robinson, JF Bedford, JS TI Conservation of chromosome 1 in turtles over 66 million years SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INSITU SUPPRESSION HYBRIDIZATION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSLOCATIONS; TESTUDINES; RADIATION; LIBRARIES; HOMOLOGY AB Fluorescence in situ hybridization of a whole chromosome 1-specific probe from the yellow-bellied slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) to cells from four other species of turtle ranging from a desert tortoise to a loggerhead sea turtle resulted in specific and exclusive hybridization to chromosome 1 in all five species, Previous observations of conservation in the giemsa banding pattern and chromosome morphology and number among turtles are thus extended to the DNA sequence level, revealing a cytogenetic stability of chromosome 1 in these turtles during the past 66-144 million years. This contrasts with the situation for various hominoid species where, in many instances, extensive chromosomal rearrangements have been reported in one third of that time period. Our probe, which was prepared by microdissecting whole chromosomes from embryonic T. scripta fibroblasts and amplifying using DOP-PCR, is the first report of a whole-chromosome FISH probe for any reptile. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Ctr Atom Constitugentes, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Bedford, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [5 T32 CA09236] NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 2001 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1159/000056885 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 422LU UT WOS:000168120400103 PM 11306813 ER PT J AU Graves, SW Habbersett, RC Nolan, JP AF Graves, SW Habbersett, RC Nolan, JP TI A dynamic inline sample thermoregulation unit for flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; temperature; regulation; DNA; denaturation; melting ID DNA DUPLEX STABILITY; PARAMETERS; DEVICE AB Background: Flow cytometry is a valuable tool for the study of cellular and molecular interactions. We sought to develop instrumentation that would allow accurate and precise inline dynamic temperature control of now cytometry samples in order to expand the analytical capabilities of now cytometry. Methods: Using a temperature controller, DC power supply, and a Peltier module, we designed a temperature control circuit that regulates the temperature of a heat transfer block. The heat transfer block surrounds the sample line to efficiently heat and cool the sample. We attached DNA oligomers to microspheres and observed the denaturation of fluorescently labeled complementary oligomers to verify that the sample was achieving the desired temperature. Results: The inline thermoregulation unit can ramp between 30 and 95 degrees 'C (>2 degreesC per second) within 30 s repeatedly. The accuracy of the instrument was verified by comparing the observed melting temperatures of the oligomer sets to the predicted values. These values varied within 6% of the predicted and were reproducible over a variety of conditions. Conclusions: The apparatus we constructed accurately and dynamically controls the sample temperature of inline samples. Flow cytometers equipped with our inline thermoregulation unit will be able to conveniently use tem perature as a robust experimental parameter. Cytometry 45:23-30, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nolan, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315] NR 21 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1002/1097-0320(20010101)43:1<23::AID-CYTO1015>3.0.CO;2-D PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 389NL UT WOS:000166244600005 PM 11122481 ER PT J AU Goity, JL AF Goity, JL TI Chiral perturbation theory: brief introduction SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Indian-Summer School of Physics: Understanding the Structure of Hadrions CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC ID PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; LOW-ENERGY EXPANSION; LARGE N-C; ELECTROMAGNETIC POLARIZABILITIES; MAGNETIC POLARIZABILITIES; PION ELECTROPRODUCTION; COUPLING-CONSTANT; BARYON MASSES; FORM-FACTORS; NUCLEON AB In four lectures I presented a brief overview of Chiral Perturbation Theory, from its basics and some key applications in the Goldstone boson sector to its extension to the baryon sector. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Goity, JL (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NR 109 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2001 VL 51 SU B BP 35 EP 70 PG 36 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 455NL UT WOS:000170032900003 ER PT J AU Anselming, M Boer, D D'Alesio, U Murgia, F AF Anselming, M Boer, D D'Alesio, U Murgia, F TI Lambda polarization in unpolarized hadron reactions SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Symmetries and Spin (Praha-SPIN-2000) CY JUL 17-22, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys ID PROTONS; P-UP-ARROW-P->PI-X; LEPTOPRODUCTION; FRAGMENTATION; ASYMMETRIES; BARYON; ORDER; QCD AB The transverse polarization observed in the inclusive production of A hyperons in the high energy collisions of unpolarized hadrons is tackled by considering a new set of spin and k(perpendicular to) dependent quark fragmentation functions. Simple phenomenological expressions for these new "polarizing fragmentation functions" are obtained by a fit of the data on Lambda 's and <()over bar>'s produced in p - N processes. C1 Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Teor, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Fis, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. RP Anselming, M (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Teor, Via P Giuria 1, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RI D'Alesio, Umberto/J-2427-2012; Boer, Daniel/B-3493-2015; OI Boer, Daniel/0000-0003-0985-4662; Anselmino, Mauro/0000-0003-0900-8001 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2001 VL 51 SU A BP A107 EP A113 DI 10.1007/s10582-001-0012-x PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 487UT UT WOS:000171894700011 ER PT J AU Postma, H Bowman, JD Corvi, F Crawford, BE Delheij, PPJ Frankle, CM Grossmann, CA Gunsing, F Haseyama, T Knudson, JN Lowie, LY Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Smith, DA Stephenson, SL Yen, YF Yuan, VW Zanini, L AF Postma, H Bowman, JD Corvi, F Crawford, BE Delheij, PPJ Frankle, CM Grossmann, CA Gunsing, F Haseyama, T Knudson, JN Lowie, LY Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Smith, DA Stephenson, SL Yen, YF Yuan, VW Zanini, L CA TRIPLE Collaboration Geel Collaboration TI Parity violation at neutron resonances and related neutron spectroscopy experiments SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Symmetries and Spin (Praha-SPIN-2000) CY JUL 17-22, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys ID NONCONSERVATION; SPIN; U-238 AB This paper gives a brief overview of Parity violation effects at neutron p-wave resonances observed by the TRIPLE collaboration at Los Alamos together with some information about neutron resonance capture gamma spectroscopy experiments carried out by the Geel collaboration in relation to these parity violation experiments. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Interfac Reactor Inst, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. IRMM, Joint Res Ctr, Geel, Belgium. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 60601, Japan. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Postma, H (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Interfac Reactor Inst, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. RI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008 OI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2001 VL 51 SU A BP A289 EP A298 DI 10.1007/s10582-001-0036-2 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 487UT UT WOS:000171894700035 ER PT B AU Goldhaber, G AF Goldhaber, G CA Supernova Cosmology Project BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV TI Evidence for dark energy from a study of type Ia supernovae SO DARK MATTER IN ASTRO- AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Dark Matter in Astro- and Particle Physics (DARK 2000) CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY ID LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; CONSTANT; SEARCH; MODELS AB Type Ia supernovae have been observed to be very good "Standard Candles" after suitable calibration. In the Supernova Cosmology Project we have observed over 80 such distant supernovae with redshifts between 0.18 and 1.2. In a study of 42 of these supernovae and comparison with 18 "near by" supernovae we have obtained evidence that at the present epoch the expansion of the universe is accelerating. This implies the presence of a positive cosmological constant or perhaps some other form of "Dark Energy". Our data are strongly inconsistent with the previously preferred cosmology with Omega (M) = 1 and Omega (Lambda) = 0. I show that a time stretching or contracting parameter, s, alows a single "composite" curve to fit all the SNe for 0.3 < z < 0.7 as well as the nearby SNe. I also give a direct test that the red-shift is due to the expansion of the universe rather than some other process, such as "tired light". I will also briefly describe the plans of the SNAP collaboration(4) to design, build and launch a satellite. The aim is to discover and critically measure 2000 SNe per year with redshifts from 0.1 to 1.7 to tightly controll systematics. For example SNAP will allow us to explore possible effects due to "grey" dust and/or evolution on our measurements. Highlights are a 2 meter mirror and a one square degree field of view involving about 150 high resistivity CCD's and 3-arm spectrometer covering the region from near-UV to near-IR. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41797-4 PY 2001 BP 97 EP 109 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT25Z UT WOS:000172440800013 ER PT B AU Burles, S AF Burles, S BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV TI Big bang nucleosynthesis in the precision era SO DARK MATTER IN ASTRO- AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Dark Matter in Astro- and Particle Physics (DARK 2000) CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE; PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; BARYON DENSITY; REACTION-RATES; UNCERTAINTIES; PREDICTIONS; UNIVERSE; CLOUDS; RATIO AB Recent measurements of the primeval deuterium abundance and improved nuclear input to big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) precisely peg the baryon density, Omega (B)h(2) = 0.0189 +/- 0.0019 (95% cl). The uncertainty is due to that in the deuterium abundance and input nuclear data, in the ratio of about 2 to 1. The tight constraint sets the stage for a direct comparison with current and planned measurements of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies, and with it, a cosmological test at the level of 5%. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Burles, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41797-4 PY 2001 BP 195 EP 205 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT25Z UT WOS:000172440800020 ER PT S AU Kamath, C AF Kamath, C BE Grossman, RL Kamath, C Kegelmeyer, P Kumar, V Namburu, RR TI On mining scientific datasets SO DATA MINING FOR SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS SE MASSIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mining Scientific Datasets CY JUL, 2000 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr DE survey; data mining; scientific and engineering applications; diversity of problems; challenging field ID NEURAL NETWORKS; CLASSIFICATION; KNOWLEDGE AB Data mining techniques have gained acceptance as a viable means of finding useful information in data. While the techniques can be applied to any kind of data, a brief survey of the work presented at recent conferences in data mining and knowledge discovery might lead one to believe that these techniques are being applied mainly to commercial data sets, to address problems such as customer relationship management, market basket analysis, credit card fraud, etc. Often overlooked is the fact that data mining techniques have long been applied to scientific datasets, with fields such as remote sensing, astronomy, biology, physics, and chemistry, providing a rich environment for the practice of these techniques. In this paper, I describe the various scientific and engineering areas in which data mining is playing an important role and discuss some of the issues that make scientific data mining different from its commercial counterpart. I show that the diversity of applications, the richness of the problems faced by practitioners, and the opportunity to borrow ideas from other domains, make scientific data mining an exciting and challenging field. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kamath, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kamath2@llnl.gov; kamath2@llnl.gov NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-2698 BN 1-4020-0033-2 J9 MASSIVE COMP PY 2001 VL 2 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BT35B UT WOS:000172716000001 ER PT S AU Kamath, C Cantu-Paz, E Fodor, IK Tang, NA AF Kamath, C Cantu-Paz, E Fodor, IK Tang, NA BE Grossman, RL Kamath, C Kegelmeyer, P Kumar, V Namburu, RR TI Searching for bent-double galaxies in the first survey SO DATA MINING FOR SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS SE MASSIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mining Scientific Datasets CY JUL, 2000 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr DE data mining; astronomical surveys; radio-emitting galaxies; role of data preprocessing ID RADIO AB Data mining techniques are increasingly gaining popularity in various scientific domains as viable approaches to the analysis of massive data sets. In this chapter, we describe our experiences in applying data mining to a problem in astronomy, namely, the identification of radio-emitting galaxies with a bent-double morphology. Until recently, astronomers associated with the FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm) survey identified these galaxies through a visual inspection of images. While this manual approach has been very subjective and tedious, it is also becoming increasingly infeasible as the survey has grown in size. Upon completion, FIRST will include almost a million galaxies, making the use of semi-automated analysis methods necessary. We describe the FIRST data set and the problem of identifying bent-double galaxies. We discuss our solution approach, focusing on the challenges we face in the application of data mining to a scientific data set. We explain why, in contrast with most commercial data mining applications, data preprocessing requires a considerable effort in scientific applications. Using decision tree classifiers, we describe the work we are doing in the detection of bent-double galaxies. Our results indicate that data mining techniques, steered by proper domain knowledge, can greatly enhance the manual exploration of massive data sets. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kamath, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-2698 BN 1-4020-0033-2 J9 MASSIVE COMP PY 2001 VL 2 BP 95 EP 114 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BT35B UT WOS:000172716000006 ER PT S AU Dalvit, DAR Dziarmaga, J Zurek, WH AF Dalvit, DAR Dziarmaga, J Zurek, WH BE Gonis, T Turchi, PEA TI Decoherence and long-lived Schrodinger cats in BEC SO DECOHERENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN QUANTUM COMPUTATION AND INFORMATION TRANSFER SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES III: COMPUTER AND SYSTEMS SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Decoherence and Its Implications in Quantum Computation and Information Transfer CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL MYKONOS, GREECE SP NATO, Off Sci & Environm Affairs ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; OPEN QUANTUM SYSTEM; SUPERPOSITIONS; ENTANGLEMENT; DYNAMICS; MIXTURE; STATES; PHASE AB We consider quantum superposition states in Bose-Einstein condensates. A decoherence rate for the Schrodinger cat is calculated and shown to be a significant threat to this macroscopic quantum superposition of BEC's. An experimental scenario is outlined where the decoherence rate due to the thermal cloud is dramatically reduced thanks to trap engineering and "symmetrization" of the environment. We show that under the proposed scenario the Schrodinger cat belongs to an approximate decoherence-free pointer subspace. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dalvit, DAR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-6,MS-B288, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-6694 BN 1-58603-211-9 J9 NATO SC S SS III C S PY 2001 VL 182 BP 224 EP 238 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BU91T UT WOS:000177397600012 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Flagg, CN Howden, SD AF Kim, HS Flagg, CN Howden, SD TI Northern Arabian sea variability from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry data: an extension of the US JGOFS/ONR shipboard ADCP study SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN; TOPOGRAPHY; MONSOON AB Sea-level anomalies (SLA) derived from the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) altimetry and inferred geostrophic currents within the northern Arabian Sea were examined for the period from March 1993 through November 1996. The primary objective of this study was to confirm and extend our understanding of the upper-ocean mesoscale variability observed in the shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data collected during the US JGOFS/ONR Arabian Sea Expedition (September 1994-January 1996). The accuracy of the T/P aItimetry data ( similar to 3 cm rms) results in an uncertainty in the altimeter-derived Velocities comparable to the ADCP measurement error. Thus the T/P data provide a reasonable method for extending studies of the mesoscale dynamics for the region. Comparison of the T/P-derived geostrophic velocities with concurrent ADCP data showed good correlation, with an r(2) between 0.7 and 0.9 and rms differences of 10 cm s(-l). The T/P data confirm both the overall spatial and seasonal current patterns observed by the ADCP. The monsoonally averaged rms sea-level anomalies indicate a high degree of intraseasonal variation due to the generation of squirts, jets and eddies all along the coast, the variability of which increases in both intensity and areal extent during the Southwest Monsoon. The SLA data indicate a much reduced degree of variability over the shelf. The SLA-derived eddy kinetic energy (EKE) fields are consistent with those derived earlier from the ADCP data in both distribution and magnitude. There is a large increase in EKE to the west and southwest and to a lesser extent to the south and a large area of relatively reduced eddy activity over much of the eastern and northern Arabian Sea. The area of reduced eddy activity coincides with the location of the most intense portions of the oxygen minimum zone found in the northern Arabian Sea. The spatial scales of the eddies responsible for the EKE distribution over the study area range between 200 and 500km in the nearshore region, decreasing to 100-200km offshore. While there is significant energy variability in annual and semi-annual time scales, a substantial portion of the energy is found between 50 and 120 days, and therelative importance of this frequency band increases offshore. Spectra indicate a distinct break in the frequency content of the eddy field at about 15 degreesN, with little energy at less than annual periods south of this latitude. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Oceanog Sci Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kim, HS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6-7 BP 1069 EP 1096 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00131-4 PG 28 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 414JL UT WOS:000167663200001 ER PT S AU Burchell, TD AF Burchell, TD BE Rand, B Appleyard, SP TI Carbon materials for energy production and storage SO DESIGN AND CONTROL OF STRUCTURE OF ADVANCED CARBON MATERIALS FOR ENHANCED PERFORMANCE SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Design and Control of Structure of Advanced Carbon Materials for Enhanced Performance CY MAY 10-21, 1998 CL ANTALYA, TURKEY SP NATO Adv Study Inst C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burchell, TD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Burchell, Tim/E-6566-2017 OI Burchell, Tim/0000-0003-1436-1192 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 1-4020-0002-2 J9 NATO ADV SCI I E-APP PY 2001 VL 374 BP 277 EP 294 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BU45L UT WOS:000176017000016 ER PT S AU Hadley, GR AF Hadley, GR BE Osinski, M Chua, SJ Ishibashi, A TI Modeling of 2D photonic bandgap structures using a triangular mesh finite difference method SO DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOTONIC DEVICES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Photonic Devices II CY NOV 27-30, 2001 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP SPIE, Nanyang Technol Univ DE photonic lattice; waveguide; loss; finite difference ID CRYSTAL SLAB; WAVE-GUIDES; RADIATION AB A numerical model is presented for computing the out-of-plane losses of a general class of row-defect waveguides formed by the superposition of a two-dimensional photonic crystal onto a slab confinement structure. The usefulness of this model is demonstrated here by calculating the propagation loss of a single-row-defect waveguide composed of hexagonal air holes etched into two different slab structures. The results are interpreted in terms of a simple coupled-mode-theory picture in which loss is due to coupling by the waveguide corrugation between the fundamental and certain radiative slab modes. These calculations show that low-loss photonic crystal waveguides should be possible by carefully engineering the radiation modes of the slab waveguide. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4324-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4594 BP 173 EP 180 AR UNSP 4594-24 DI 10.1117/12.446544 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BU07G UT WOS:000174901400020 ER PT S AU Yee, ML Yee, AA AF Yee, ML Yee, AA BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT George, V TI Algorithm for automatic mine detection using a vehicle-mounted metal detector SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VI CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; metal detector; low metal content mines AB A new algorithm for automatic detection of mines using a vehicle-mounted metal detector is detailed and demonstrated in this paper. The sensor is the Vallon VMV 16 vehicle-mounted array on the Mine Hunter/Killer (MH/K) system; data were collected at a prepared test site. The resulting data have two notable characteristics. First, the sensor outputs a linear combination of the integrated time decay response over separate time windows, and not the time decay response itself. Second, the data are sampled in two dimensions, along the 16 coil array and along the direction of travel of the vehicle. Thus 2-dimensional spatial processing techniques are used, treating the sensor data as a 2-D array of pixels. Our algorithm also uses adaptive methods to enable detection of both high and low metal content mines. Mine detection results using this algorithm are presented and analyzed for the first time. In particular, the ability to detect mines with low metal content in the presence of noise will be quantified and discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yee, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0859, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4089-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4394 BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.445462 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU10J UT WOS:000175016500011 ER PT S AU Phelan, JM Webb, SW Gozdor, M Cal, M Barnett, JL AF Phelan, JM Webb, SW Gozdor, M Cal, M Barnett, JL BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT George, V TI Effect of soil wetting and drying on DNT vapor flux laboratory data and T2TNT model comparisons SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VI CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE landmine; chemical sensing; simulation modeling; laboratory data; data-model comparisons ID ADSORPTION AB Sensing the chemical signature emitted from the main charge explosives from buried landmines is being considered for field applications with advanced sensors of increased sensitivity and specificity. The chemical signature, however, may undergo many interactions with the soil system, altering the signal strength at the ground surface by many orders of magnitude. A simulation code named T2TNT was developed specifically to evaluate buried landmine chemical transport issues. A vapor-solid partitioning parameter that is strongly dependent on soil moisture content is included in T2TNT. Laboratory soil vapor flux experiments were conducted to provide data to validate the T2TNT model under well-constrained laboratory testing conditions. The landmine source release, soil transport and surface flux were simulated by aqueous phase injection of DNT, evaporation induced upward water flux and solid phase microextraction sampling of headspace vapor in an air flowing plenum. The surface soil moisture content was reduced by suction removal of soil water followed by artificial rain to evaluate the soil-vapor partitioning function in T2TNT. The data showed the dramatic decline in DNT vapor concentrations expected as the surface soil moisture declined; which then rebounded upon wetting. This phenomenon was modeled with T2TNT and showed excellent correlation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Phelan, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4089-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4394 BP 868 EP 878 DI 10.1117/12.445415 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU10J UT WOS:000175016500085 ER PT S AU Simonson, RJ Hance, BG Schmitt, RL Johnson, MS Hargis, PJ AF Simonson, RJ Hance, BG Schmitt, RL Johnson, MS Hargis, PJ BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT George, V TI Remote detection of nitroaromatic explosives in soil using distributed sensor particles SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VI CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE remote sensing; fluorescence; nitroaromatic explosives; landmine detection ID PERFORMANCE; SIGNATURE; LANDMINE; TNT AB Environmental fate and transport studies of explosives in soil indicate that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and similar products such as dinitrotoluene (DNT) are major contributors to the trace chemical signature emanating from buried landmines. Chemical analysis methods are under development that have great potential to detect mines, or to rapidly classify electromagnetically detected anomalies as mines vs. "mine-like objects". However, these chemical methods are currently confined to point sensors. In contrast, we have developed a method that can remotely determine the presence of nitroaromatic explosives in surface soil. This method utilizes a novel distributed granular sensor approach in combination with uv-visible fluorescence LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology. We have produced prototype sensor particles that combine sample preconcentration, explosives sensing, signal amplification, and optical signal output functions. These particles can be sprayed onto soil areas that are suspected of explosives contamination. By design, the fluorescence emission spectrum of the distributed particles is strongly affected by absorption of nitroaromatic explosives from the surrounding environment. Using similar to1mg/cm(2) coverage of the sensor particles on natural soil, we have observed significant spectral changes due to TNT concentrations in the ppm range ( mug TNT/g soil) on 2-inch diameter targets at a standoff distance of 0.5 kin, These field measurements have also been used to validate calculations of fluorescent signal/noise for the granular sensor particles as a function of several variables, including particle and receiver characteristics, standoff range, pump laser characteristics, and particle coverage. Some implications of these measurements and calculations for field deployment of the sensor particles are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Simonson, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4089-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4394 BP 879 EP 889 DI 10.1117/12.445416 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU10J UT WOS:000175016500086 ER PT S AU Yee, ML AF Yee, ML BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT George, V TI Multi-sensor Probabilistic fusion for mine detection SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VI CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; sensor fusion; ground-penetrating radar; metal detector; infrared AB In this paper, probabilistic fusion of multi-sensor data is applied to mine detection. Probabilistic fusion combines information in the form of scores from automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms for each sensor. This fusion method has previously demonstrated improved mine detection performance when used with multi-sensor data from the Mine Hunter/Killer (MH/K) system. The sensor suite includes a ground-penetrating radar, metal detectors, and an infrared camera; data were collected at a prepared test site. Results of applying the probabilistic fusion method to recent MH/K multi-sensor data using various new ATR algorithms are presented and analyzed in detail. Changes in detection performance are quantified for different combinations of the various ATR algorithms and sensors. It is shown that fusion improves mine detection performance even when the individual sensors and ATR algorithms have very different performance levels. This implies that multi-sensor approaches to mine detection should continue to be pursued. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yee, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0859,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4089-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4394 BP 959 EP 969 DI 10.1117/12.445424 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU10J UT WOS:000175016500094 ER PT S AU Rajic, S Datskos, PG AF Rajic, S Datskos, PG BE Chiao, JC TI Multiparameter integrated sensor development involving alternate materials SO DEVICE AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEMS AND MICROELECTRONICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Device and Process Technologies for MEMS and Microelectronics II CY DEC 17-19, 2001 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP SPIE, USAF, Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Adelaide Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, DSTO, Dept Ind & Trade S Australia DE multistimuli; MOEMS; alternate materials; sensor integration; orthogonal parameters ID MICROMECHANICAL SENSORS; MICROCANTILEVERS; CANTILEVERS; STRESS AB The sensor community has long been presented with the problem of prioritizing among several competing sensor system variables due to the inability to produce a high confidence, low-cost, reliable, and compact device. Typically a solution for very critical scenarios has been a high-cost scale reduction of larger more laboratory based instrumentation. This often produces data on a single parameter that is beyond reproach, however this can also produces a very delicate, bulky, and costly system often requiring a vacuum system of some sort. An alternative approach involves using micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS) based sensors. This typically results in low-cost and extremely compact devices that often produce dubious or insufficient data. Our approach integrates multiple orthogonal stimuli within a single chip to produce a MOEMS based sensor that has a very high degree of signal confidence. The combination of multiple independent parameters significantly improves detection reliability in a small low-cost package. However, it is often the case that the most efficient MOEMS sensing methods require the use of material properties other than the conventional microlithograph based Si, SiNx, SiO2, and metals. Thus we have been developing techniques to employ more exotic semiconductors for various sensing applications. The group III-V and II-VI compound semiconductors form a very important and versatile collection of material property variables (thermal, optical, mechanical, electrical) available to the MOEMS designer. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rajic, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6141, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4322-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4592 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1117/12.448970 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BU07E UT WOS:000174910000025 ER PT B AU Saiz, E Cannon, RM Tomsia, AP AF Saiz, E Cannon, RM Tomsia, AP BE Limoge, Y Bocquet, JL TI Atomic transport at liquid metal Al2O3 interfaces SO DIFFUSIONS IN MATERIALS: DIMAT2000, PTS 1 & 2 SE DEFECT AND DIFFUSION FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Diffusion in Materials CY JUL 17-21, 2000 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Compagnie Gen Mat Nucl, Minist Educ Natl, Acces Programme, USA Res Lab, European Res Off, Off Naval Rech Sci, Dept Sci Chim, Minis Affairs Etrang, SNECMA Moteurs, GRP SNECMA, ST Gobain Rech, Commiss Energ Atom, DRI, CEREM, DECM DE ceramic-metal interfaces; diffusion process; grain boundary grooves; transport mechanism; wetting ID SURFACE THERMAL GROOVES; POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINA; DIHEDRAL ANGLES; MASS-TRANSPORT; PURE METALS; DIFFUSION AB In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to identify the controlling transport mechanisms at metal/oxide interfaces and measure the corresponding diffusivities. Interfacial transport rates in our experiments are two to four orders of magnitude faster than any previously reported rates for the oxide surface. The interfacial diffusivities and the degree of interfacial anisotropy depend on the oxygen activity of the system. Atomic transport at metal/oxide interfaces plays a defining role in many technological processes, and these experiments provide fundamental data for the formulation of the atomic theory needed to explain many of the observed phenomena. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saiz, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCITEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI UETIKON-ZUERICH PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 UETIKON-ZUERICH, SWITZERLAND J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2001 VL 194-1 BP 1297 EP 1306 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BT02Q UT WOS:000171690100181 ER PT S AU Timmermans, E AF Timmermans, E BE Carmichael, HJ Glauber, RJ Scully, MO TI The BEC near a Feshbach resonance: A superfluid of mutually coherent condensates SO DIRECTIONS IN QUANTUM OPTICS SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAMU-ONR Workshop on Quantum Optics CY JUL 26-30, 1999 CL JACKSON, WY ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SCATTERING LENGTH; COLD COLLISIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ATOMS; GAS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Timmermans, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B-268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-41187-9 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2001 VL 561 BP 60 EP 69 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BS55L UT WOS:000170314900006 ER PT B AU Swiler, LP Phillips, C Ellis, D Chakerian, S AF Swiler, LP Phillips, C Ellis, D Chakerian, S GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Computer-attack graph generation tool SO DISCEX'01: DARPA INFORMATION SURVIVABILITY CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION II, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX II) CY JUN 12-14, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Def Adv Res Project Agcy, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Secur & Privacy AB This paper presents a tool for assessment of security attributes and vulnerabilities in computer networks. The tool generates attack graphs[10]. Each node in the attack graph represents a possible attack state. Edges represent a change of state caused by a single action taken by the attacker or unwitting assistant, and are weighted by some metric (such as attacker effort or time to succeed). Generation of the attack graph requires algorithms that match information about attack requirements (specified in attack templates) to information about the network configuration and assumed attacker capabilities (attacker profile). The set of near-optimal shortest paths indicates the most exploitable components of the system configuration. This paper presents the status of the tool and discusses implementation issues, especially focusing on the data input needs and methods for eliminating redundant paths and nodes in the graph.(1). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Swiler, LP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1212-7 PY 2001 BP 307 EP 321 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BT92S UT WOS:000174463000028 ER PT J AU Irie, S Li, Y Kanki, H Ohyama, T Deaven, LL Somlo, S Sato, TA AF Irie, S Li, Y Kanki, H Ohyama, T Deaven, LL Somlo, S Sato, TA TI Identification of two Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1) promoters in human cancer cells SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; Fas; Fas-associated phosphatase-1(FAP-1); promoter ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE; APOPTOSIS; CLONING; P53 AB Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1) has been reported as a negative regulator of Fas-mediated signal transduction in human cancer cells. To obtain insights into the potential carcinogenesis of the FAP-I gene, we investigated its transcriptional regulation in normal and cancerous cells. To identify the FAP-1 promoter sequences, we first isolated P1 and cosmid clones that contained the regulatory region upstream from the FAP-1 gene by using the PCR products of 5 ' rapid amplification of cDNA end (T-RACE) as probes. Genomic analysis of positive clones revealed that the major FAP-1 mRNA was transcribed from its proximal promoter (pPRM) in all human cancer cell lines tested, but 1 additional large transcript derived from its distal promoter (dPRM) was found in the human colon cancer cell line DLD-1. This suggests that the FAP-1 gene may be aberrantly dysregulated in some types of human cancers, including colon carcinoma. Sequence analysis of the region upstream from the FAP-1 gene strongly suggests that the transcript of the FAP-1 gene may be controlled by a variety of transcriptional regulatory elements, including NF-kappaB, NF-IL6, and p53 in its 2 promoters. These results imply that the FAP-1 gene may be a target gene under the control of important apoptosis-related nuclear factors in human cancers. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Inst Phys & Chem Res RIKEN, Tsukuba Life Sci Ctr, Oncol Mol Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050074, Japan. ZAIYA Inc, Shimogyo Ku, Kyoto 600, Japan. Columbia Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, CHGS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Sato, TA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Otolaryngol, 630 W 168th St,P&S 11-451, New York, NY 10032 USA. OI Ohyama, Tomoko/0000-0003-1697-1138 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM55147] NR 11 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 6 BP 519 EP 526 DI 10.3109/10425170109041336 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 465AH UT WOS:000170565200007 PM 11696979 ER PT B AU Fisk, WJ AF Fisk, WJ GP RAND RAND TI Health and productivity gains from better indoor environments and their implications for the US Department of Energy SO E-VISION 2000: KEY ISSUES THAT WILL SHAPE OUR ENERGY FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT E-Vision 2000 Conference CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US DOE, EERE ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; OFFICE BUILDINGS; AIR-QUALITY; ALLERGIC DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; IMPACT; ASTHMA; WORKERS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAND PI SANTA MONICA PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, 1700 MAIN ST PO BOX 2138, SANTA MONICA, CA 90407-2138 USA BN 0-8330-3063-9 PY 2001 BP 165 EP 201 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BX40M UT WOS:000185174700006 ER PT J AU Kulsrud, RM AF Kulsrud, RM TI Magnetic reconnection: Sweet-Parker versus Petschek SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Plasmas CY FEB 29-MAR 04, 2000 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN HO UNIV TOKYO AB The two theories for magnetic reconnection, one of Sweet and Parker, and the other of Petschek, are reconciled by exhibiting an extra condition in that of Petschek which reduces his theory to that of Sweet and Parker, provided that the resistivity is constant in space. On the other hand, if the resistivity is enhanced by instabilities, then the reconnection rate of both theories is increased substantially, but Petschek's rate can be faster. A different formula from the usual one is presented for enhanced Petschek reconnection. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kulsrud, RM (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 7 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2001 VL 53 IS 6 BP 417 EP 422 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 459FB UT WOS:000170239400003 ER PT J AU Yamada, M AF Yamada, M TI Review of the recent controlled experiments for study of local reconnection physics SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Plasmas CY FEB 29-MAR 04, 2000 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN HO UNIV TOKYO ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; LABORATORY PLASMA; FIELD; SPHEROMAKS; LAYERS; SHEET AB The present paper reviews the recent laboratory experiments on magnetic reconnection focussing on the local features of the reconnection region. It is very important to recognize that magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) often breaks down locally in the thin reconnection layer, while globally, the reconnecting plasma has large Lundquist number and is well approximated by MHD equations. Precise measurements of the neutral sheet profile can provide important clues to help understand the non-MHD physics mechanisms of reconnection. Thanks to significant progress in data acquisition technology, the detailed magnetic field structure of the neutral sheet has been measured in laboratory plasmas. Extensive data have been accumulated in highly conductive MHD plasmas with large Lundquist numbers S = 10-1000. In this review we primarily focus on the physics data of the neutral sheet from the most recent laboratory experiments. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Yamada, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2001 VL 53 IS 6 BP 509 EP 519 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 459FB UT WOS:000170239400015 ER PT J AU Ji, HT Carter, T Hsu, S Yamada, M AF Ji, HT Carter, T Hsu, S Yamada, M TI Study of local reconnection physics in a laboratory plasma SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Plasmas CY FEB 29-MAR 04, 2000 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN HO UNIV TOKYO ID FIELD LINE RECONNECTION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; MODEL; PINCH; PROBE AB A short review of physics results obtained in the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) is given with an emphasis on the local features of magnetic reconnection in a controlled environment. Stable two-dimensional (2D) current sheets are formed and sustained by induction using two internal coils. The observed reconnection rates are found to be quantitatively consistent with a generalized Sweet-Parker model which incorporates compressibility. unbalanced upstream-downstream pressure, and the effective resistivity. The latter is significantly enhanced over its classical values in the low collisionality regime. Strong local ion heating is measured by an optical probe during the reconnection process, and at least half of the increased ion energy must be due to nonclassical processes, consistent with the resistivity enhancement. Characteristics of high frequency electrostatic and electromagnetic fluctuations detected in the current sheet suggest presence of the lower-hybrid-drift like waves with significant magnetic components. The detailed structures of current sheet are measured and compared with Harris theory and two-fluid theory. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ji, HT (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Carter, Troy/E-7090-2010; Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015; OI Carter, Troy/0000-0002-5741-0495; Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649; Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2001 VL 53 IS 6 BP 539 EP 545 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 459FB UT WOS:000170239400019 ER PT J AU Cheng, CZ Choe, GS AF Cheng, CZ Choe, GS TI Solar flare mechanism based on magnetic arcade reconnection and island merging SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Plasmas CY FEB 29-MAR 04, 2000 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN HO UNIV TOKYO ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; EVOLUTION; PROMINENCES; DISRUPTION; DYNAMICS; SHEETS; MOTION; MODEL AB We propose a model describing physical processes of solar flares based on resistive reconnection of magnetic field subject to continuous increase of magnetic shear in the arcade. The individual flaring process consists of magnetic reconnection of arcade field lines, generation of magnetic islands in the magnetic arcade, and coalescence of magnetic islands. When a magnetic arcade is sheared (either by footpoint motion or by flux emergence), a cur-rent sheet is formed and magnetic reconnection can take place to form a magnetic island. A continuing increase of magnetic shear can trigger a new reconnection process and create a new island in the underlying arcade below the magnetic island. The newborn island rises faster than the preceding island and merges with it to form one island. Before completing the island merging process, the newborn island exhibits two phases of rising motion: a first phase with a slower rising speed and a second phase with a faster rising speed. The flare plasma heating occurs mainly due to magnetic reconnection in the current sheet under the newborn island. The newborn island represents the X-ray plasma ejecta which shows two phases of rising motion observed by Yohkoh (Ohyama and Shibata, 1997). The first phase with slower newborn island rising speed corresponds to the early phase of reconnection of line-tied field in the underlying current sheet and is considered as the preflare phase. In the second phase, the island coalescence takes place, and the underlying current sheet is elongated so that the line-tied arcade field reconnection rate is enhanced. This phase is interpreted as the impulsive phase or the flash phase of flares. The obtained reconnection electric field is large enough to accelerate electrons to an energy level higher than 10 keV. which is necessary for observed hard X-ray emissions. After merging of the islands is completed, magnetic reconnection continues in the current sheet under the integrated island for a longer period, which is considered as the main phase of flares. The sequence of all these processes is repeated with some time interval while a shear-increasing motion continues. We propose that these repetitive flaring processes constitute a set of homologous flares. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Cheng, CZ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM fcheng@pppl.gov RI Choe, Gwangson/E-2366-2013; Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2001 VL 53 IS 6 BP 597 EP 604 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 459FB UT WOS:000170239400029 ER PT S AU Zweiback, J Smith, RA Cowan, TE Hays, G Hartley, J Howell, R Steinke, CA Wharton, KB Ditmire, T AF Zweiback, J Smith, RA Cowan, TE Hays, G Hartley, J Howell, R Steinke, CA Wharton, KB Ditmire, T BE Kalal, M Rohlena, K Sinor, M TI Nuclear fusion driven by Coulomb explosions of deuterium clusters SO ECLIM 2000: 26TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON LASER INTERACTION WITH MATTER SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th European Conference on Laser Interactions with Matter (ECLIM 2000) CY JUN 12-16, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys ID INTENSE LASER-PULSES; ATOMIC CLUSTERS; XE CLUSTERS; DYNAMICS; FIELDS AB We have examined the interaction of deuterium clusters with high intensity, ultrafast laser radiation. Upon irradiation a hot plasma is created with a sufficient temperature to produce nuclear fusion. We have seen that: larger clusters produce more fusion neutrons than smaller clusters, consistent with a Coulomb explosion model. Fusion yield is currently limited by propagation effects. Using interferometric imaging we have examined the laser propagation and found that the laser energy is absorbed before it penetrates to the center (highest density region) of the gas jet. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zweiback, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-477, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4131-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4424 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.425651 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BS27E UT WOS:000169324100009 ER PT S AU Landen, OL Glenzer, SH Cauble, RC Lee, RW Edwards, MJ DeGroot, JS AF Landen, OL Glenzer, SH Cauble, RC Lee, RW Edwards, MJ DeGroot, JS BE Kalal, M Rohlena, K Sinor, M TI Warm, dense plasma characterization by x-ray Thomson scattering SO ECLIM 2000: 26TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON LASER INTERACTION WITH MATTER SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th European Conference on Laser Interactions with Matter (ECLIM 2000) CY JUN 12-16, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys DE dense plasmas; x-rays; Thomson scattering; Compton scattering; strongly coupled plasmas ID STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMAS; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ALUMINUM PLASMAS; ION-CORRELATION; SIMPLE METAL; PULSES; OPACITY; 2-TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY AB We describe how the powerful technique of spectrally resolved Thomson scattering can be extended to the x-ray regime, for direct measurements of the ionization state, density, temperature, and the microscopic behavior of dense cool plasmas. Such a direct measurement of microscopic parameters of solid density plasmas could eventually be used to properly interpret laboratory measurements of material properties such as thermal and electrical conductivity, EOS and opacity. In addition, xray Thomson scattering will provide new information on the characteristics of hitherto difficult to diagnose Fermi degenerate and strongly coupled plasmas. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Landen, OL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4131-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4424 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.425572 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BS27E UT WOS:000169324100018 ER PT S AU Berger, RL Divol, LM Glenzer, SH Hinkel, DE Kirkwood, RK Langdon, AB Moody, JD Still, CH Suter, LJ Williams, EA Young, PE AF Berger, RL Divol, LM Glenzer, SH Hinkel, DE Kirkwood, RK Langdon, AB Moody, JD Still, CH Suter, LJ Williams, EA Young, PE BE Kalal, M Rohlena, K Sinor, M TI Modeling the backscatter and transmitted light of high power smoothed beams with pF3D, a massively parallel laser plasma interaction code SO ECLIM 2000: 26TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON LASER INTERACTION WITH MATTER SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th European Conference on Laser Interactions with Matter (ECLIM 2000) CY JUN 12-16, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys DE wave propagation; stimulated Brillouin/Raman scattering; filamentation; massively parallel; SSD; polarization smoothing ID BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; STIMULATED RAMAN; HOHLRAUM PLASMAS; FILAMENTATION AB Using the three-dimensional wave propagation code, F3D{Berger et al., Phys. Fluids B 5,2243 (1993), Berger et al., Phys. Plasmas 5,4337(1998)}, and the massively parallel version pF3D, {Still et al. Phys. Plasmas 7 (2000)}, we have computed the transmitted and reflected light for laser and plasma conditions in experiments that simulated ignition hohlraum conditions. The frequency spectrum and the wavenumber spectrum of the transmitted tight are calculated and used to identify the relative contributions of stimulated forward Brillouin and self-focusing in hydrocarbon-filled balloons, commonly called gasbags. The effect of beam smoothing, smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) and polarization smoothing (PS), on the stimulated Brillouin backscatter (SBS) from Scale-1 NOVA hohlraums was simulated with the use of nonlinear saturation models that limit the amplitude of the driven acoustic waves. Other experiments on CO2 gasbags simultaneously measure at a range of intensities the SBS reflectivity and the Thomson scatter from the SBS-driven acoustic waves that provide a more detailed test of the modeling. These calculations also predict that the backscattered light will be very nonuniform in the nearfield (the focusing system optics) which is important for specifying the backscatter intensities to be tolerated by the National Ignition Facility laser system. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Berger, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-038, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4131-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4424 BP 206 EP 211 DI 10.1117/12.425594 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BS27E UT WOS:000169324100038 ER PT J AU Russell, C Dale, V Lee, JS Jensen, MH Kane, M Gregory, R AF Russell, C Dale, V Lee, JS Jensen, MH Kane, M Gregory, R TI Experimenting with multi-attribute utility survey methods in a multi-dimensional valuation problem SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ecosystem valuation; multi-attribute utility; willingness to pay surveys; forest attributes ID CONSTRUCTIVE APPROACH; CONTINGENT VALUATION; QUESTIONS AB The use of willingness-to-pay (WTP) survey techniques based on multi-attribute utility (MAU) approaches has been recommended by some authors as a way to deal simultaneously with two difficulties that increasingly plague environmental valuation. The first of these is that, as valuation exercises come to involve less familiar and more subtle environmental effects. such as ecosystem management, lay respondents are less likely to have any idea, in advance, of the value they would attach to a described result. The second is that valuation questions may increasingly be about multi-dimensional effects (e.g. changes in ecosystem function) as opposed for example to changes in visibility from a given point. MAU has been asserted to allow the asking of simpler questions, even in the context of difficult subjects. And it is, as the name suggests, inherently multi-dimensional. This paper asks whether MAU techniques can be shown to 'make a difference' in the context of questions about preferences over, and valuation of differences between, alternative descriptions of a forest ecosystem. Making a difference is defined in terms of internal consistency of answers to preference and WTP questions involving three 5-attribute forest descriptions. The method involves first asking MAU-structured questions attribute-by-attribute. The responses to these questions allow researchers to infer each respondent's preferences and WTP. Second, the same respondents are asked directly about their preferences and WTPs. The answer to the making-a-difference question, based largely on comparing the inferred and slated results is not straightforward. Overall, the inferred results are good 'predictors' of what is slated. But the agreement is by no means perfect. And the individual differences are not explainable by the socio-economic characteristics of the individuals. Since the technique involves creating a long, somewhat tedious, and even apparently confusing series of tasks (though each task may itself be simple), it is by no means clear that the prescription,'use MAU techniques', holds the same level of practical as of theoretical promise. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Inst Publ Policy Studies, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Econ, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Decis Res, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Russell, C (reprint author), Vanderbilt Inst Publ Policy Studies, 1207 18th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 87 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0921-8009(00)00207-X PG 22 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 389CR UT WOS:000166221500007 ER PT J AU Brown, MCL Guttman, S Glenn, TC AF Brown, MCL Guttman, S Glenn, TC TI Development and use of microsatellite DNA loci for genetic ecotoxicological studies of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 14-18, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE allele; genetic markers; microsatellites; resistance; STR ID HYBRIDIZATION SELECTION; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCES; GENOTYPES; HYALELLA; SURVIVAL; MARKERS AB The development of new DNA technologies has increased the opportunities to study the effect of genetic variation as a factor in selection, resistance, and fitness of individuals and populations. Genetic composition affects the evolutionary potential of an organism; however, whether genetic variation has a role in adaptation and survival due to chemical stress is still under debate. The strategy of measuring such variation should be based on the desired number of loci needed and degree of polymorphism at each locus. Microsatellite DNA loci (also known as Simple Tandem Repeats, STRs) have among the highest levels of variation within most eukaryotic genomes. Methods to determine the high levels of variation in individuals and populations have become more refined, making DNA-based studies in ecotoxicology more feasible. Herein, we describe the general characteristics of microsatellite DNA loci, their isolation, and their applications to toxicological studies using the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) as a focal species. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Brown, MCL (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, MD-62, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PY 2001 VL 10 IS 4 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1023/A:1016673528533 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 439YU UT WOS:000169145800008 PM 11501434 ER PT S AU Sokolov, MA Robertson, JP Snead, LL Alexander, DJ Ferguson, P James, MR Maloy, SA Sommer, W Willcutt, G Louthan, MR AF Sokolov, MA Robertson, JP Snead, LL Alexander, DJ Ferguson, P James, MR Maloy, SA Sommer, W Willcutt, G Louthan, MR BE Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Kumar, AS TI Fracture toughness characterization of 304L and 316L austenitic stainless steels and Alloy 718 after irradiation in high-energy, mixed proton/neutron spectrum SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE stainless steel; spallation neutron source; fracture toughness AB This paper describes the fracture toughness characterization of annealed 304L and 316L stainless steels and precipitation hardened Alloy 718, performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory as a part of the experimental design and development for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) target/blanket system. Materials were irradiated at 25 to 200 degreesC by high-energy protons and neutrons from an 800-MeV, 1-mA proton beam at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The proton flux produced in LANSCE is nearly prototypic of anticipated conditions for significant portions of the APT target/blanket system. The objective of this testing program was to determine the change in crack-extension resistance of candidate APT materials from irradiation at prototypic APT temperatures and proton and neutron fluxes. J-integral-resistance (J-R) curve toughness tests were conducted in general accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness, E 1820-99, with a computer-controlled test and data acquisition system. J-R curves were obtained from subsize disk-shaped compact tension specimens (12.5 mm in diameter) with thicknesses of 4 mm or 2 mm. Irradiation up to 12 dpa significantly reduced the fracture toughness of these materials. Alloy 718 had the lowest fracture toughness in both the unirradiated and irradiated conditions. All irradiated specimens of Alloy 718 failed by sudden unstable crack extension regardless of dose or test temperature. Type 304L and 316L stainless steels had a high level of fracture toughness in the unirradiated condition and exhibited reduction in fracture toughness to saturation levels of 65 to 100 MPa rootm. The present reduction in fracture toughness is similar to changes reported from fission reactor studies. However, the currently observed losses in toughness appear to saturate at doses slightly lower than the dose required for saturation in reactor-irradiated steels. This difference might be attributed to the increased helium and hydrogen production associated with irradiation in the high-energy, mixed proton/neutron spectrum. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sokolov, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2878-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1045 BP 125 EP 147 DI 10.1520/STP10530S PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT14H UT WOS:000172068500010 ER PT S AU Stoller, RE Greenwood, LR AF Stoller, RE Greenwood, LR BE Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Kumar, AS TI An evaluation of through-thickness changes in primary damage production in commercial reactor pressure vessels SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE damage attenuation; displacement cascades; ferritic steels; modeling; molecular dynamics; point defects; pressure vessels; radiation damage ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADE SIMULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; IRON; ENERGY; EMBRITTLEMENT; EVOLUTION AB An extensive database of atomic displacement cascades in iron has been developed using the method of molecular dynamics (MD). More than 300 simulations have been completed at 100K. with energies between 0.1 and 100 keV. This encompasses nearly all energies relevant to fission reactor irradiation environments since a 100 keV MD cascade corresponds to the average iron cascade following a collision with a 5.1 MeV neutron. Extensive statistical analysis of the database has determined representative average values for several primary damage parameters: the total number of surviving point defects, the fraction of the surviving point defects contained in clusters formed during cascade cooling, and a measure of the size distribution of the in-cascade point defect clusters. The cascade energy dependence of the MD-based primary damage parameters has been used to obtain spectrum-averaged defect production cross sections for typical fission reactor neutron energy spectra as a function of depth through the reactor pressure vessel. The attenuation of the spectrum-averaged cross sections for total point defect survival and the fraction of either interstitials or vacancies in clusters are quite similar to that for the NRT dpa. However, the cross sections derived to account for the energy dependence of the point defect cluster size distributions exhibit a potentially significant variation through the vessel. The production rate of large interstitial clusters decreases more rapidly than dpa whereas the production of large vacancy clusters is slower than dpa. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2878-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1045 BP 204 EP 217 DI 10.1520/STP10534S PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT14H UT WOS:000172068500014 ER PT S AU Iskander, SK Nanstad, RK Baldwin, CA Heatherly, DW Miller, MK Remec, I AF Iskander, SK Nanstad, RK Baldwin, CA Heatherly, DW Miller, MK Remec, I BE Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Kumar, AS TI Reirradiation response rate of a high-copper reactor pressure vessel weld SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE annealing; reactor pressure vessel; Charpy V-notch; irradiation; neutron; weld metal; copper ID ATOM-PROBE CHARACTERIZATION; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION AB The Charpy impact response of reirradiated Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation (HSSI) Program Weld 73W has been determined at three fluence levels. The Charpy specimens had previously been irradiated at 288 degreesC to 1.8 x 10(19) cm(-2) (E > 1 MeV) and annealed at 454 degreesC for 168 h. The results show that the change in the 41-J Charpy energy level transition temperature (Delta TT41-J,) of the reirradiated specimens is slightly higher than predicted by the vertical shift method, but significantly less than predicted by the lateral shift method. Previous results have also shown that the upper-shelf energy (USE) over-recovers as a consequence of annealing, which may explain why the USE value after a significant amount of reirradiation is approximately equal to the USE value in the unirradiated condition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Iskander, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2878-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1045 BP 302 EP 314 DI 10.1520/STP10540S PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT14H UT WOS:000172068500020 ER PT S AU Nanstad, RK McCabe, DE Sokolov, MA English, CA Ortner, SR AF Nanstad, RK McCabe, DE Sokolov, MA English, CA Ortner, SR BE Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Kumar, AS TI Investigation of temper embrittlement in reactor pressure vessel steels following thermal aging, irradiation, and thermal annealing SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE reactor pressure vessel; thermal aging; intergranular fracture base metal; temper embrittlement; thermal annealing AB The Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory includes a task to investigate the propensity for temper embrittlement in coarse grain regions of heat-affected zones in prototypic reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel weldments as a consequence of irradiation and thermal annealing. For the present studies, five prototypic RPV steels with specifications of A302 grade B, A302 grade B (modified), A533 grade B class 1, and A508 class 2 were given two different austenitization treatments and various thermal aging treatments. Thermal aging treatments were conducted at 399, 425, 454 and 490 degreesC for times of 168 and 2000 h. Charpy V-notch impact toughness vs temperature curves were developed for each condition with ductile-brittle transition temperatures used as the basis for comparing the effects of the various heat treatments. Very high austenitization heat treatment produced extremely large grains which exhibited a very high propensity for temper embrittlement following thermal aging. Intergranular fracture was the predominant mode of failure in many of the materials and Auger analysis confirmed significant segregation of phosphorus at the grain boundaries. Lower temperature austenitization treatment performed in a super Gleeble to simulate prototypic coarse grain microstructures in submerged-arc weldments produced the expected grain size with varying propensity for temper embrittlement dependent on the material as well as on the thermal aging temperature and time. Although the lower temperature treatment resulted in decreased propensity for temper embrittlement, the results did provide motivation for the investigation of the potential for phosphorus segregation as a consequence of neutron irradiation and post-irradiation thermal annealing at 454 degreesC. One of the A 302 grade B (modified) steels was given the Gleeble treatment, irradiated at 288 degreesC to about 0.8 x 10(19)n/cm (>1 MeV) and given a thermal annealing treatment at 454 degreesC for 168 h. Charpy impact testing was conducted on the material in both the irradiated and irradiated/annealed conditions, as well as in the as-received condition. The results show that, although the material exhibited a relatively small Charpy impact 41-J temperature shift, the heat-affected zone-simulated material did exhibit significant intergranular fracture in the post-irradiation annealed condition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Fracture Mech Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nanstad, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Fracture Mech Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2878-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1045 BP 356 EP 382 DI 10.1520/STP10544S PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT14H UT WOS:000172068500024 ER PT S AU Cole, JI Allen, TR Tsai, HC Ukai, S Mizuta, S Akasaka, N Donomae, T Yoshitake, T AF Cole, JI Allen, TR Tsai, HC Ukai, S Mizuta, S Akasaka, N Donomae, T Yoshitake, T BE Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Kumar, AS TI Swelling and microstructural evolution in 316 stainless steel hexagonal ducts following long-term irradiation in EBR-II SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE radiation effects; austenitic stainless steels; swelling; voids; transmission electron microscopy AB Swelling behavior and microstructural evolution of 12% cold-worked 316 SS hexagonal ducts following irradiation in the outer rows of EBR-II is described. Immersion density measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination were performed on a total of seven irradiation conditions. The samples were irradiated to temperatures between 375 and 430 degreesC to doses between 23 and 51 dpa and at dose-rates ranging from 1.3 x 10(-7) to 5.8 x 10(-7) dpa/s. Dose-rates and temperatures approach conditions experienced by a variety of components in pressurized water reactors (PWR's) and those which may be present in future advanced reactors designs. TEM analysis was employed to elucidate the effect of radiation on the dislocation, void and precipitate structures as a function of irradiation conditions. A moderate dose-rate effect was observed for samples which were irradiated at dose-rates differing by a factor of two. Lower dose-rate samples contained voids of larger diameter and typically swelled more in the bulk. The dislocation and precipitate structure was not visibly influenced by a dose-rate decrease. C1 Argonne Natl Lab West, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Cole, JI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab West, Box 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2878-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1045 BP 413 EP 426 DI 10.1520/STP10547S PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT14H UT WOS:000172068500027 ER PT S AU Allen, TR Cole, JI Kenik, EA AF Allen, TR Cole, JI Kenik, EA BE Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Kumar, AS TI Radiation-induced segregation and void swelling in 304 stainless steel SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE void swelling; radiation-induced segregation; austenitic steels ID ALLOYS AB Void swelling and radiation-induced segregation have been measured in 304 stainless steel. Samples were irradiated in the outer regions of the EBR-U reactor where displacement rates of 2.0 x 10(-8) and 6.6 x 10(-8) dpa/s are comparable to those in pressurized water reactor components. Samples were irradiated at temperatures from 371-390 degreesC to total doses of up to 20 dpa. Void swelling reached a maximum of 2 % at 20 dpa. Nickel enrichment and chromium depletion to of 20 at% and 12 at% respectively were measured. Both void swelling and radiation-induced segregation were dependent on dose rate, increasing as the dose rate decreased. Grain boundary compositions were measured both near and in areas free of precipitates. The presence of a precipitate significantly changes the grain boundary compositions near the precipitate. C1 Argonne Natl Lab West, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Allen, TR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab West, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2878-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1045 BP 427 EP 442 DI 10.1520/STP10548S PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT14H UT WOS:000172068500028 ER PT S AU Oliver, BM Garner, FA Maloy, SA Sommer, WF Ferguson, PD James, MR AF Oliver, BM Garner, FA Maloy, SA Sommer, WF Ferguson, PD James, MR BE Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Kumar, AS TI Retention of very high levels of helium and hydrogen generated in various structural alloys by 800 MeV protons and spallation neutrons SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE structural alloys; proton irradiation; neutron irradiation; helium measurements; hydrogen measurements; Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT); hydrogen release; helium release AB A series of irradiations were conducted at relatively low temperatures (< 100 degreesC) in the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) as part of the test program supporting the Accelerator Production of Tritium Program sponsored by USDOE. In this irradiation campaign, a variety of candidate structural alloys were placed in various particle spectra, ranging from 800 MeV protons, to mixed energy distributions of both protons and spallation neutrons, and finally to distributions consisting primarily of high energy neutrons. At proton energies on the order of hundreds of MeV, exceptionally high levels of gas atoms are generated in all elemental constituents of typical iron-based and nickel-based structural alloys, with helium typically on the order of similar to 150 appm per dpa and hydrogen at approximately an order of magnitude greater. Since both of these gases are considered to exert a negative influence on structural properties of interest, their retention after both energetic recoil loss and subsequent diffusional loss is of strong programmatic interest. Helium is essentially immobile at all temperatures of nuclear interest, but hydrogen has some limited temperature-dependent mobility, even at < 100 degreesC. To assess the degree of generation and retention, each gas was measured in a number of highly irradiated specimens of different alloy compositions and dpa levels. The results show that helium production is relatively insensitive to composition. The retained hydrogen levels, however, are somewhat sensitive to composition, reflecting different levels of diffusional loss, but are still at rather large concentrations. The measured helium concentrations are larger than calculated using a calculational code optimized for prediction of neutron/proton ratios in the target tungsten source rods. The use of these gas measurements to provide benchmarks for determination of gas production cross sections for typical elements that comprise common structural alloys is also examined. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Oliver, BM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2878-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1045 BP 612 EP 630 DI 10.1520/STP10560S PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT14H UT WOS:000172068500040 ER PT S AU Lillard, S Gac, F Paciotti, M Ferguson, P Willcutt, G Chandler, G Daemen, L AF Lillard, S Gac, F Paciotti, M Ferguson, P Willcutt, G Chandler, G Daemen, L BE Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Kumar, AS TI The influence of high energy proton irradiation on the corrosion of materials SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE corrosion; proton irradiation; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; particle flux; energy deposition; Alloy 718; type 316L stainless steel; aluminum alloy 6061; photons; neutrons; protons; EIS ID SPALLATION AB This paper presents a summary of our current efforts to characterize the realtime corrosion rates of materials during 800 MeV proton radiation at currents up to 0.4 mA. Specialty designed corrosion probes, which incorporated ceramic seals, were mounted in flow tubes on a water manifold that allowed samples to be directly exposed to the proton beam at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. The water system that supplied the manifold provided a means for controlling water chemistry, measuring dissolved hydrogen concentration, and measuring the effects of water radiolysis and water quality on corrosion rate. Real-time corrosion rates during proton irradiation increased with average proton beam current. In addition, for any given material type, a trend in corrosion rate with probe location relative to the beam centerline was observed. These results are discussed within the context of particle type, particle flux, and energy deposition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MST-6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2878-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1045 BP 631 EP 643 DI 10.1520/STP10561S PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT14H UT WOS:000172068500041 ER PT S AU Maloy, SA James, MR Willcutt, GJ Sommer, WF Johnson, WR Louthan, MR Hamilton, ML Garner, FA AF Maloy, SA James, MR Willcutt, GJ Sommer, WF Johnson, WR Louthan, MR Hamilton, ML Garner, FA BE Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Kumar, AS TI The effect of high energy protons and neutrons on the tensile properties of materials selected for the target and blanket components in the Accelerator Production of Tritium project SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE tensile testing; radiation effects; Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT); stainless steel; alloy 718; Mod 9Cr-1 Mo AB The Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project proposes to use a 1.0 GeV, 100 mA proton beam to produce neutrons via spallation reactions in a tungsten target. The neutrons are multiplied and moderated in a lead/aluminum/water blanket and then captured in He-3 to form tritium. The materials in the target and blanket region are exposed to protons and neutrons with energies into the GeV range. The effect of irradiation on the tensile properties of candidate APT materials, 316L and 304L stainless steel (annealed), modified (Mod) 9Cr-1Mo steel, and Alloy 718 (precipitation hardened), was measured on tensile specimens irradiated in the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center accelerator, which operates at an energy of 800 MeV and a current of 1 mA. The irradiation temperatures ranged from 50-164 degreesC, prototypic of those expected in the APT target/blanket. The maximum achieved proton fluence was 4.5 x 10(21) p/cm(2) for the materials in the center of the beam. This maximum exposure translates to a dpa of 12 and the generation of 10,000 appm H and 1,000 appm He for the Type 304L stainless steel tensile specimens. Specimens were tested at the irradiation temperature of 50-164 degreesC. Less than 1 dpa of exposure reduced the uniform elongation of Alloy 718 (precipitation hardened) and mod 9Cr-1Mo to less than 2%. Approximately 4 dpa of exposure was required to reduce the uniform elongation of the austenitic stainless steels (304L and 316L) to less than 2%. The yield stress of the austenitic steels increased to more than twice its non-irradiated value after less than 1 dpa. These results are discussed and compared with results of similar materials irradiated in fission reactor environments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maloy, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H809, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2878-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1045 BP 644 EP 659 DI 10.1520/STP10562S PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT14H UT WOS:000172068500042 ER PT S AU James, MR Maloy, SA Sommer, WF Johnson, WR Lohmeier, DA Hamilton, ML AF James, MR Maloy, SA Sommer, WF Johnson, WR Lohmeier, DA Hamilton, ML BE Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Kumar, AS TI High-energy spallation neutron effects on the tensile properties of materials for the target and blanket components for the Accelerator Production of Tritium project SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE proton irradiation; spallation; neutron; 316L; 304L; stainless steel; Alloy 718; 9Cr-1Mo; tensile properties AB The Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project proposes to use a 1.0 GeV, 100 mA proton beam to produce neutrons by spallation from a tungsten target clad with Alloy 718. The neutrons are multiplied and moderated and then captured in He-3 to form tritium. In this process, the materials in the target and blanket (T/B) region are exposed to a wide range of irradiation conditions. To test the effects of spallation neutrons on APT candidate materials, ASTM subsize samples were irradiated in a spallation neutron spectrum created from the interaction of an 800 MeV, 1 mA proton beam on a tungsten target at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). Specimens were located in controlled-temperature furnaces that were placed in proximity to the proton beam, but in locations where spallation neutrons would form the bulk of the exposure. The materials irradiated were the candidate APT materials 316L and 304L annealed stainless steels (SS), modified 9Cr-1Mo steel, and Alloy 718 (precipitation hardened). Irradiation temperatures varied from 100 to 280 degreesC and the approximate proton fluences were 4 x 10(18) p/cm(2). The neutron fluences were similar to5 x 10 n/cm(2) for energies < 0.1 MeV and 6x10(19) n/cm(2) for energies > 0.1 MeV with the spectra including a high-energy tail up to the proton beam energy (800 MeV). The samples experienced an exposure range of 0.023 to 0.051 dpa. The tensile tests were conducted in air at ambient temperatures (similar to 20 degrees C). The results indicated that even for low exposures (< 0.05 dpa), there was a decrease in ductility for the all of the alloys. Increases in yield and ultimate strength were observed in the austenitic stainless steels and the 9Cr-1Mo alloy. The Alloy 718 showed no change in yield strength but a marked decrease in the ultimate strength. The results are discussed and compared with results of the in-beam irradiated materials where smaller S-1 type tensile samples were used. Comparison also is made with irradiations of materials in fission environments in a similar dose and temperature environment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP James, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2878-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1045 BP 660 EP 671 DI 10.1520/STP10563S PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT14H UT WOS:000172068500043 ER PT S AU Oliver, BM Garner, FA Hamilton, ML Sommer, WF Maloy, SA Ferguson, PD James, MR AF Oliver, BM Garner, FA Hamilton, ML Sommer, WF Maloy, SA Ferguson, PD James, MR BE Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Kumar, AS TI Hydrogen and helium gas formation and their release kinetics in tungsten rods after irradiation with 800 MeV protons SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE proton irradiation; helium measurements; hydrogen measurements; Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT); hydrogen release; helium release; tungsten AB In the Accelerator Production of Tritium Program, thermalized neutrons produced from multiplication and moderation of spallation neutrons will be absorbed in He gas to produce tritium. The spallation neutrons will be generated by the interaction of high energy (similar to1 GeV) protons with solid tungsten rods. An unavoidable byproduct of the spallation reactions is large amounts of helium and hydrogen gas generated in the rods. The release kinetics of these gases during various proposed off-normal scenarios involving loss of coolant and afterheat-induced rises in temperature are of particular interest. In addition, the magnitude of the gas generation cross sections and the fractional retention of these gases is necessary for extrapolation of these data to higher exposures. Tungsten rods irradiated with 800 MeV protons in the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANCE) to rather high exposures have been sectioned to produce small specimens suitable for measurement of both helium and hydrogen. Hydrogen evolution was measured both by dropping the specimen into a small ceramic crucible at 1200 degreesC and also by subjecting the specimen to a simulated temperature ramp from similar to 200 to similar to 1200 degreesC, as has been calculated to be induced by loss of cooling and subsequent afterheat in an APT plant. The latter technique showed four distinct hydrogen release peaks at temperatures of approximately 500, 800, 1000 and 1200 degreesC, suggesting a variety of trapping sites with different binding energies. Helium release and total content were measured by subjecting the specimens to the same temperature excursion, followed later by melting to release the remaining helium. Approximately 99% of the helium was retained until melting occurred. For both gases, release measurements were conducted using mass spectrometric techniques. The measured amounts of helium agreed well with predictions. The hydrogen measurements were somewhat lower than predicted. This may reflect diffusional losses from the rods or some needed modifications in the evaporation model employed in the LAHET code. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Oliver, BM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2878-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1045 BP 762 EP 774 DI 10.1520/STP10570S PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT14H UT WOS:000172068500050 ER PT B AU Arris, HW AF Arris, HW GP IEEE IEEE TI Encapsulation processes for magnetic components and their effect on component functionality SO ELECTRICAL INSULATION CONFERENCE AND ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURING & COIL WINDING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Electrical Insulation Conference/Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference CY OCT 16-18, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Elect Mfg & Coil Winding Assoc, IEEE, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc DE encapsulant; process parameters; magnetic components AB Sandia National Laboratories has been encapsulating magnetic components for over 40 years. The design of magnetic component assemblies that must withstand a variety of environments and then function correctly is dependent on the appropriate use of encapsulating formulations. Specially developed material processing parameters are often critical in the encapsulation process and enable us to provide high reliability magnetic components. This paper will discuss encapsulation process parameters for several of our formulations utilized for magnetic components. Process deviations that affect component functionality will also be discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Arris, HW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7180-1 PY 2001 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1109/EEIC.2001.965603 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT34V UT WOS:000172696500024 ER PT B AU King, CF Nguyen, S Gunewardena, S AF King, CF Nguyen, S Gunewardena, S GP IEEE IEEE TI A joint study of transformer test equipment SO ELECTRICAL INSULATION CONFERENCE AND ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURING & COIL WINDING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Electrical Insulation Conference/Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference CY OCT 16-18, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Elect Mfg & Coil Winding Assoc, IEEE, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc AB This paper describes electrical parameter comparisons between two commercial test and measurement instruments. This work is an important part of continually improving measurement accuracy and evaluating component reliability for our customers. Two commercially available measurement systems were slected for this study. This paper describes the electrical measurements and test results between two testing systems at two supplier locations and Sandia. The test methods, procedures and electrical parameters that are within the scope of each measurement system's capability are the only parameters that are reported in this evaluation. All test units were supplied by Sandia National Laboratories and are Sandia designs. The measurement systems were calibrated based on the manufactures specified accuracy for normal operation, and the standards used are traceable to NIST. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP King, CF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7180-1 PY 2001 BP 635 EP 638 DI 10.1109/EEIC.2001.965771 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT34V UT WOS:000172696500109 ER PT J AU Kasnavi, R Sun, Y Mount, G Pianetta, P Griffin, PB Plummer, JD AF Kasnavi, R Sun, Y Mount, G Pianetta, P Griffin, PB Plummer, JD TI Characterization of profiling techniques for ultralow energy arsenic implants SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with an ultralow energy primary ion beam was used to profile ultrashallow arsenic implants in silicon. Such shallow profiles are necessary for the formation of shallow junctions in future generations of transistors. A 750 eV Cs primary provides the best resolution in both dosimetry and depth profiling. However, even under these optimal conditions SIMS has limited resolution. We used high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and monolayer chemical oxidation and etching of silicon to investigate the abruptness resolution of SIMS and to obtain the impulse response of the instrument. Using this technique, we found that a 1 keV, 1 x 10(15)/cm(2) arsenic implant is more abrupt than the SIMS resolution. The impulse response of SIMS under these conditions was obtained via deconvolution. This impulse response can be used to correct the SIMS results. Also, the more accurate profile can be used to improve the calibration of simulation tools, which up to now have been calibrated to fit SIMS profiles. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(00)08-047-0. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Charles Evans & Associates, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. RP Kasnavi, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 4 IS 1 BP G1 EP G3 DI 10.1149/1.1344284 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 377EP UT WOS:000165499200010 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Liu, J Amine, K AF Chen, CH Liu, J Amine, K TI Symmetric cell approach towards simplified study of cathode and anode behavior in lithium ion batteries SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE symmetric cell approach; electrode; AC impedance; lithium ion cell AB It was observed that the impedance of 18 650 high-power cells using LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 chemistry increased with time during the beginning period of storage. A symmetric cell approach was adopted to isolate the effects of the positive and negative electrodes on the impedance of a laboratory-scale lithium ion cell using the same chemistry. The AC impedance spectra of a normal cell and symmetric cells were measured and compared. The cathode processes were found to be most responsible for the cell impedance and the impedance rise. In addition, the impedance spectra provide indirect evidence that surface layers might be formed on both the positive and negative electrodes. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Amine, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chen, Chunhua/F-5897-2010; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 4 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 3 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S1388-2481(00)00145-4 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 398RC UT WOS:000166768600010 ER PT S AU Pikin, A Alessi, J Beebe, E Kponou, A Prelec, K Kuznetsov, G Tiunov, M AF Pikin, A Alessi, J Beebe, E Kponou, A Prelec, K Kuznetsov, G Tiunov, M BE Prelec, K TI EBTS: Design and experimental study SO ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCES AND TRAPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposum on Electron Beam Ion Sourges and Traps and Their Applications CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB ID BEAM ION-SOURCE AB Experimental study of the BNL Electron Beam Test Stand (EBTS), which is a prototype of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS), is currently underway. The basic physics and engineering aspects of a high current EBIS implemented in EBTS are outlined and construction of its main systems is presented. Efficient transmission of a 10 A electron beam through die ion trap has been achieved. Experimental results on generation of multiply charged ions with both continuous gas and external ion injection confirm stable operation of the ion trap. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pikin, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0011-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 572 BP 3 EP 19 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU40W UT WOS:000175927900001 ER PT S AU Beebe, E Alessi, J Kponou, A Pikin, A Prelec, K Kuznetzov, G Tiunov, M AF Beebe, E Alessi, J Kponou, A Pikin, A Prelec, K Kuznetzov, G Tiunov, M BE Prelec, K TI Design issues for the RHIC EBIS SO ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCES AND TRAPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposum on Electron Beam Ion Sourges and Traps and Their Applications CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Promising results are currently being obtained on the BNL Electron Beam Test Stand (EBTS), which is a prototype for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) EBIS. Based on the present results, a proposal has been made regarding the general design of the RHIC EBIS. During the next year experiments will be made to investigate physics issues and beam properties important to the detailed design of the RHIC EBIS. Below we have outlined some of the physics issues to be explored experimentally, beam diagnostics that will be employed, and hardware modifications that are desired to go from the prototype stage to the RHIC EBIS. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Beebe, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0011-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 572 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU40W UT WOS:000175927900004 ER PT S AU Hershcovitch, A AF Hershcovitch, A BE Prelec, K TI Investigation of a plasma mode in EBTS SO ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCES AND TRAPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposum on Electron Beam Ion Sourges and Traps and Their Applications CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB A plasma related mode has been identified when EBTS operated with long trap length. The mode frequency scaling showed monotonic increased with confinement time. Initial scaling qualitatively suggested the mode to an electron beam driven ion cyclotron instability. However, a more quantitative evaluation is indicative of a drift mode. Nevertheless, the possibility of a structure mode, though unlikely, can not be completely excluded. The process of proper instability identification and stabilization is described. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, CAD Dept, Upton, NY 11766 USA. RP Hershcovitch, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CAD Dept, Upton, NY 11766 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0011-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 572 BP 126 EP 131 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU40W UT WOS:000175927900012 ER PT S AU Stockli, MP Becker, R Delferriere, O Lehnert, U Gebel, T Ullmann, F Kobayashi, N Matsumoto, J AF Stockli, MP Becker, R Delferriere, O Lehnert, U Gebel, T Ullmann, F Kobayashi, N Matsumoto, J BE Prelec, K TI Natural charge state distributions of highly charged ions or why are noble ions noble? SO ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCES AND TRAPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposum on Electron Beam Ion Sourges and Traps and Their Applications CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Noble atoms are chemically inert because their full-shell electronic configuration strongly binds all electrons to the parent atom; therefore, noble atoms have ionization energies that are substantially higher than the ionization energies of non-noble atoms. This is different for ions, for which the ionization energy increases with every charge state, although the increases are much larger whenever a new shell is opened. As long as the energy of the ionizing electron is far above the ionization energy threshold, comparisons need to focus on ionization cross sections, rather than ionization energies, because only the ionization cross section takes into consideration the number of electrons that can be ionized. As long as the K-shell is filled, cross sections for direct ionization fall off approximately geometrically, meaning that every time an electron is removed, it becomes roughly 30% more difficult to directly remove the next electron, a charge state dependence that is only minimally affected by the structure of the remaining electrons. For this reason, evolution of charge states calculated with cross sections for direct ionization predict only minimal enhancements for noble ions-ions with a fall-shell configuration. C1 Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Stockli, MP (reprint author), Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0011-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 572 BP 138 EP 139 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU40W UT WOS:000175927900014 ER PT S AU Kponou, A Pikin, A Beebe, E Alessi, J AF Kponou, A Pikin, A Beebe, E Alessi, J BE Prelec, K TI Analysis of the magnetic field measured by a rotating hall probe in a solenoid to locate its magnetic axis SO ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCES AND TRAPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposum on Electron Beam Ion Sourges and Traps and Their Applications CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB We have analyzed the motion of a Hall probe, which is rotated about an axis that is arbitrarily displaced and oriented with respect to the magnetic axis of a solenoid. We outline how the magnetic field measured by the rotating Hall probe can be calculated. We show how to compare theoretical results with actual measurements, to determine the displacement and orientation of the axis of rotation of the probe from the magnetic axis. If the center of rotation of the probe is known by surveying, the corresponding point on the magnetic axis of the solenoid can be located. This is applied to a solenoid that was built for BNL by Oxford Instruments. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kponou, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0011-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 572 BP 178 EP 187 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU40W UT WOS:000175927900019 ER PT S AU Roser, T AF Roser, T CA RHIC commissioning team BE Prelec, K TI RHIC status and requirements SO ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCES AND TRAPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposum on Electron Beam Ion Sourges and Traps and Their Applications CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Construction of the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) was officially completed last year and commissioning has begun. RHIC is the first hadron accelerator and collider consisting of two independent rings. It is designed to operate over a wide range of beam energies and with particle species ranging from polarized protons to heavy ions. An overview of the status of commissioning and operation with gold is given and requirements for possible new ion sources are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Roser, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0011-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 572 BP 191 EP 195 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU40W UT WOS:000175927900020 ER PT S AU Alessi, JG Beebe, E Kponou, A Pikin, A Prelec, K Raparia, D Ritter, J Zhang, SY AF Alessi, JG Beebe, E Kponou, A Pikin, A Prelec, K Raparia, D Ritter, J Zhang, SY BE Prelec, K TI Proposal for an EBIS-Based RHIC preinjector SO ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCES AND TRAPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposum on Electron Beam Ion Sourges and Traps and Their Applications CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB A proposed new heavy ion preinjector for RHIC is described. The progress made at BNL on the development of an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) has increased our confidence that one can build a preinjector meeting RHIC requirements using an EBIS producing intermediate charge state heavy ions. A new RFQ and Linac will be required to accelerate beams from this source to an energy sufficient for injection into the AGS Booster. These are both straightforward devices, very similar to ones already in operation at other laboratories. Injection into the Booster will occur at the same location as the existing heavy ion injection from the Tandem Van de Graaff. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Alessi, JG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0011-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 572 BP 196 EP 214 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU40W UT WOS:000175927900021 ER PT S AU Prelec, K AF Prelec, K BE Prelec, K TI Medical applications of light ions SO ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCES AND TRAPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposum on Electron Beam Ion Sourges and Traps and Their Applications CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Light ions in the mass range up to neon may have important advantages in the treatment of certain types of cancer compared to conventional radiation. Any treatment of cancer has the objective to remove or destroy the tumor while preserving at the same time die healthy tissue as much as possible. For comparison, radiological properties of several types of radiation will be considered first; this will be followed with a list of light ion beam parameters needed for the treatment. A short description of operating and planned facilities will then be given, including the Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) option for the ion source in such a facility. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Prelec, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0011-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 572 BP 224 EP 237 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU40W UT WOS:000175927900023 ER PT S AU Stockli, MP AF Stockli, MP BE Prelec, K TI Summary and conclusions from the EBIS/T 2000 symposium: EBIS/T, A matured technology ready for unique applications SO ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCES AND TRAPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposum on Electron Beam Ion Sourges and Traps and Their Applications CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Stockli, MP (reprint author), Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0011-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 572 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU40W UT WOS:000175927900028 ER PT S AU Dahmen, U Johnson, E Xiao, SQ Hinderberger, S AF Dahmen, U Johnson, E Xiao, SQ Hinderberger, S BE Aindow, M Kiely, CJ TI Electron microscopy of nanocrystals inside microcrystals SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 2001 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Electron-Microscopy-and Analysis-Group CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL UNIV DUNDEE, DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV DUNDEE ID AL-GE ALLOY; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ALUMINUM; MORPHOLOGY; PRECIPITATION; INCLUSIONS; GERMANIUM; PARTICLES; EVOLUTION; SHAPE AB We present a summary of recent work on nanocrystalline inclusions embedded in a solid matrix. The effects of elastic constraints, crystallographic symmetry, shape and size are illustrated with two specific examples of inclusions in binary Al alloys. Ge precipitates in dispersion hardening Al-Ge based alloys are shown to be controlled by internal twinning. By comparison, Pb inclusions in binary Al-Pb alloys are free of twins and other defects, and exhibit behaviour that depends strongly on size, shape and interface structure. C1 LBNL, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Orsted Lab, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Dahmen, U (reprint author), LBNL, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0812-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2001 IS 168 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BU50T UT WOS:000176200500001 ER PT S AU Lupini, AR Krivanek, OL Dellby, N Nellist, PD Pennycook, SJ AF Lupini, AR Krivanek, OL Dellby, N Nellist, PD Pennycook, SJ BE Aindow, M Kiely, CJ TI Developments in C-s-corrected STEM SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 2001 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Electron-Microscopy-and Analysis-Group CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL UNIV DUNDEE, DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV DUNDEE ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION AB The new corrector of spherical aberration (C-s) we have built for a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) is described. We have recently installed such a corrector in a dedicated 100 kV STEM at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the first results are presented. We conclude by discussing upcoming developments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Nion Co, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. RP Lupini, AR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0812-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2001 IS 168 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BU50T UT WOS:000176200500007 ER PT S AU Fitzgerald, AG Fan, Y Kisielowski, C John, P Troupe, CE Wilson, JIB AF Fitzgerald, AG Fan, Y Kisielowski, C John, P Troupe, CE Wilson, JIB BE Aindow, M Kiely, CJ TI High resolution TEM observation of CVD diamond films SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 2001 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Electron-Microscopy-and Analysis-Group CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL UNIV DUNDEE, DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV DUNDEE ID 100 SILICON AB High-resolution transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the microstructures of CVD diamond films. The lattice image observations show that the predominant structural defects in diamond films are microtwins and stacking faults. The majority of the twin crystals have a lamellar structure with Sigma=3 coherent boundaries. In addition, some high order non-coherent twin boundaries are also observed in the five-fold symmetry twinned diamond crystals. C1 Univ Dundee, Dept Elect Engn & Phys, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NCEB, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Chem, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Phys, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Fitzgerald, AG (reprint author), Univ Dundee, Dept Elect Engn & Phys, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0812-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2001 IS 168 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BU50T UT WOS:000176200500009 ER PT S AU Hetherington, CJD Dahmen, U Kilaas, R Kirkland, AI Meyer, RR Medlin, DL AF Hetherington, CJD Dahmen, U Kilaas, R Kirkland, AI Meyer, RR Medlin, DL BE Aindow, M Kiely, CJ TI HREM analysis of Sigma 3 {112} boundaries in gold bicrystal films SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 2001 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Electron-Microscopy-and Analysis-Group CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL UNIV DUNDEE, DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV DUNDEE AB Gold bicrystal films, with foil normal along <1 1 1>, have been observed in the Stuttgart JEOL ARM1250 and Oxford JEOL 300OF microscopes. Phase and modulus images of the Sigma3 {112} boundaries were reconstructed, images were simulated using models, and the arrangement of facets was considered. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. LBNL, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hetherington, CJD (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0812-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2001 IS 168 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BU50T UT WOS:000176200500014 ER PT S AU Cockayne, DJH Lang, C Liao, XZ Zou, J AF Cockayne, DJH Lang, C Liao, XZ Zou, J BE Aindow, M Kiely, CJ TI Characterisation of the structure and composition of quantum dots SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 2001 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Electron-Microscopy-and Analysis-Group CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL UNIV DUNDEE, DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV DUNDEE ID BEAM EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; MICROSCOPY; ENRICHMENT; GAAS(001); ISLANDS; GAAS AB A number of methods for investigating the structure and composition of quantum dots are discussed, with particular emphasis on the modelling of QD compositional profiles. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Sydney, Australian Key Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Cockayne, DJH (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. RI Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Zou, Jin/B-3183-2009 OI Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; Zou, Jin/0000-0001-9435-8043 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0812-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2001 IS 168 BP 425 EP 428 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BU50T UT WOS:000176200500104 ER PT S AU Wittig, JE Bentley, J Fai-Sharab, J Evans, ND AF Wittig, JE Bentley, J Fai-Sharab, J Evans, ND BE Aindow, M Kiely, CJ TI Elemental imaging of CoCrTa longitudinal magnetic recording media SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 2001 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Electron-Microscopy-and Analysis-Group CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL UNIV DUNDEE, DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV DUNDEE AB High data-density longitudinal magnetic recording media require a microstructure with a uniform grain size distribution and a non-magnetic layer between the grains to decouple magnetic exchange. The phenomenon of paramagnetic Cr grain boundary segregation in sputtered Co alloy thin films is the standard method used to produce magnetically isolated single magnetic domains in modem longitudinal recording media, Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM), with specialized data acquisition and processing methods, provides reliable quantitative elemental maps from these Co alloy thin films. This research addresses basic scientific issues, e.g., the role of grain boundary character on Cr segregation. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wittig, JE (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0812-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2001 IS 168 BP 429 EP 432 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BU50T UT WOS:000176200500105 ER PT S AU Lang, C Liao, XZ Cockayne, DJH AF Lang, C Liao, XZ Cockayne, DJH BE Aindow, M Kiely, CJ TI Image simulations of quantum dots SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 2001 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Electron-Microscopy-and Analysis-Group CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL UNIV DUNDEE, DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV DUNDEE ID LASERS AB An image simulation method for quantum dots based on a Bloch wave algorithm is described and applied to the case of quantum dots in the InN/GaN system. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lang, C (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. RI Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009 OI Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0812-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2001 IS 168 BP 465 EP 468 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BU50T UT WOS:000176200500114 ER PT J AU Alarie, JP Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM AF Alarie, JP Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM TI Electrophoretic injection bias in a microchip valving scheme SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE microchips; injection bias ID CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; GLASS CHIPS; DEVICE; ELECTROSPRAY; SEPARATION; ASSAYS AB The pinched injection strategy, implemented on microfabricated fluidic devices (microchips), was investigated for an electrophoretic injection bias. Both the sample loading and dispensing steps were found to contribute to the injection bias whereby neutral species were injected preferentially to anionic species. In the sample loading step, neutral species filled a larger volume in the cross intersection than anionic species. Similarly, in the dispensing step, a larger volume of neutral analyte was injected than anionic analyte. Up to a 27% difference in injected volumes was observed. Fluorescently labeled amino acids were used as model analytes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ramsey, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2001 VL 22 IS 2 BP 312 EP 317 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200101)22:2<312::AID-ELPS312>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 398YF UT WOS:000166783500016 PM 11288899 ER PT S AU Tichenor, DA Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Replogle, WC Stulen, RH Kubiak, GD Rockett, PD Klebanoff, LE Jefferson, KL Leung, AH Wronosky, JB Hale, LC Chapman, HN Taylor, JS Folta, JA Montcalm, C Soufli, R Spiller, E Blaedel, K Sommargren, GE Sweeney, DW Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Gullikson, EM Bokor, J Batson, PJ Attwood, DT Jackson, KH Hector, SD Gwyn, CW Yan, PY AF Tichenor, DA Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Replogle, WC Stulen, RH Kubiak, GD Rockett, PD Klebanoff, LE Jefferson, KL Leung, AH Wronosky, JB Hale, LC Chapman, HN Taylor, JS Folta, JA Montcalm, C Soufli, R Spiller, E Blaedel, K Sommargren, GE Sweeney, DW Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Gullikson, EM Bokor, J Batson, PJ Attwood, DT Jackson, KH Hector, SD Gwyn, CW Yan, PY BE Dobisz, EA TI System integration and performance of the EUV engineering test stand SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies V Conference CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2001 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUVL; lithography; multilayer coatings; optical fabrication; optical design; laser-produced plasma; laser plasma source; maglev; magnetic levitation; stages; precision engineering ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; OPTICS; LASER AB The Engineering Test Stand (ETS) is a developmental lithography tool designed to demonstrate full-field EUV imaging and provide data for commercial-tool development. In the first phase: of integration, currently in progress, the ETS is configured using a developmental projection system, while fabrication of an improved projection system proceeds in parallel. The optics in the second projection system have been fabricated to tighter specifications for improved resolution and reduced flare. The projection system is a 4-mirror, 4x-reduction, ring-field design having a numeral aperture of 0.1, which supports 70 nm resolution at a k(1) of 0.52. The illuminator produces 134 nm radiation from a laser-produced plasma, directs the radiation onto an arc-shaped field of view, and provides an effective fill factor at the pupil plane of 0.7. The ETS is designed for fullfield images in step-and-scan mode using vacuum-compatible, magnetically levitated, scanning stages. This paper describes system performance observed during the first phase of integration, including static resist images of 100 nm isolated and dense features. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tichenor, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4029-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4343 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1117/12.436665 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT33Y UT WOS:000172675100003 ER PT S AU Soufli, R Spiller, E Schmidt, MA Davidson, JC Grabner, RF Gullikson, EM Kaufmann, BB Mrowka, S Baker, SL Chapman, HN Hudyma, RM Taylor, JS Walton, CC Montcalm, C Folta, JA AF Soufli, R Spiller, E Schmidt, MA Davidson, JC Grabner, RF Gullikson, EM Kaufmann, BB Mrowka, S Baker, SL Chapman, HN Hudyma, RM Taylor, JS Walton, CC Montcalm, C Folta, JA BE Dobisz, EA TI Multilayer optics for an extreme ultraviolet lithography tool with 70 nm resolution SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies V Conference CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2001 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE multilayer optics; reflectivity; thickness uniformity; extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography ID SYSTEM AB One of the most critical tasks in the development of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is the accurate deposition of reflective multilayer coatings for the mirrors comprising the EUVL tool. The second set (Set 2) of four imaging optics for an alpha-class EUVL system has been coated successfully. All four mirrors (M1, M2, M3, M4) were Mo/Si-coated during a single deposition run with a production-scale DC-magnetron sputtering system. Ideally, the multilayer coatings should not degrade the residual wavefront error of the imaging system design. For the present EUVL camera, this requirement is equivalent to depositing multilayer coatings that would add a figure, error of less than 0.11 nm rms. In addition, all mirrors should be matched in centroid wavelength, in order to insure maximum throughput of the EUVL tool. In order to meet these constraints, the multilayer deposition process needs to be controlled to atomic precision. EUV measurements of the coated mirrors determined that the added figure errors due to the multilayer coatings are 0.032 nm rms (M1), 0.037 nm rms (M2), 0.040 nm rms (M3) and 0.015 nm rms (M4), well within the aforementioned requirement of 0.11 tun rms. The average wavelength among the four projection mirrors is 13.352 nm, with an optic-to-optic matching of 1 sigma =0.010 nm. This outstanding level of wavelength matching produces 99.3% of the throughput of an ideally matched four-mirror system. Peak reflectances; are 63.8% (M1), 65.2% (M2), 63.8% (M3) and 66.7% (M4). The variation in reflectance values between the four optics is consistent with their high frequency substrate roughness. It! is predicted that the multilayer coatings will not introduce any aberrations in the lithographic system performance, for both static and scanned images of 70 nm -dense features. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soufli, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4029-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4343 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.436695 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT33Y UT WOS:000172675100005 ER PT S AU Fornaciari, NR Bender, H Buchenauer, D Kanouff, M Karim, S Kubiak, GD Moen, C Shimkaveg, G Silfvast, WT Stewart, KD AF Fornaciari, NR Bender, H Buchenauer, D Kanouff, M Karim, S Kubiak, GD Moen, C Shimkaveg, G Silfvast, WT Stewart, KD BE Dobisz, EA TI Development of a high average power extreme ultraviolet electric capillary discharge source SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies V Conference CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2001 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUVL; EUV source; plasma discharge source; capillary discharge source AB Progress continues on the development of the EUV Electric Capillary Discharge Source. Over the past year we have studied the high average power operational characteristics, used interferometry to measure the in-capillary electron density, and further reduced the debris deposition rate on plasma facing optics. A pulser capable of driving the source at up to 1 kHz was acquired and preliminary testing is in progress. EUV flux and spectral emission measurements were made for pure xenon and xenon/helium mixtures using a new electrode designed to prevent debris from depositing on multilayer optics. Finally, through improvements in capillary and electrode design and material properties coupled with the assistance of mitigation approaches, we have been able to significantly reduce the amount of debris generated by the source thereby increasing the reflectance lifetime of plasma-facing optics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fornaciari, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9409, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4029-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4343 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.1117/12.436652 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT33Y UT WOS:000172675100022 ER PT S AU Klebanoff, LE Malinowski, ME Grunow, P Clift, WM Steinhaus, C Leung, AH Haney, SJ AF Klebanoff, LE Malinowski, ME Grunow, P Clift, WM Steinhaus, C Leung, AH Haney, SJ BE Dobisz, EA TI First environmental data from the EUV engineering test stand SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies V Conference CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2001 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE contamination; oxidation; EUV; lithography ID SURFACES AB The first environmental data from the Engineering Test Stand (ETS) has been collected. Excellent control of high-mass hydrocarbons has been observed. This control is a result of extensive outgas testing of components and materials, vacuum compatible design of the ETS, careful cleaning of parts and pre-baking of cables and sub assemblies where possible, and clean assembly procedures. As a result of the hydrocarbon control, the residual ETS vacuum environment is rich in water vapor. Analysis of witness plate data indicates that the ETS environment does not pose a contamination risk to the optics in the absence of EUV irradiation. However, with EUV exposure, the water rich environment can lead to EUV-induced water oxidation of the Si-terminated Mo/Si optics. Added ethanol can prevent optic oxidation, allowing carbon growth via EUV "cracking" of low-level residual hydrocarbons to occur. The EUV environmental issues are understood, mitigation approaches have been validated, and EUV optic contamination appears to be manageable. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Klebanoff, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4029-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4343 BP 342 EP 346 DI 10.1117/12.436676 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT33Y UT WOS:000172675100034 ER PT S AU Malinowski, M Grunow, P Steinhaus, C Clift, M Klebanoff, L AF Malinowski, M Grunow, P Steinhaus, C Clift, M Klebanoff, L BE Dobisz, EA TI Use of molecular oxygen to reduce EUV-induced carbon contamination of optics SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies V Conference CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2001 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE multilayer mirror; extreme ultraviolet; carbon deposition; carbon cleaning with oxygen; ETS ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; ENHANCED OXIDATION; YIELD AB Carbon deposition and removal experiments on Mo/Si multilayer mirror (MLM) samples were performed using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light on Beamline 12.0.1.2 of the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Carbon (C) was deposited onto Mo/Si multilayer mirror (MLM) samples when hydrocarbon vapors were intentionally introduced into the MLM test chamber in the presence of EUV at 13.44 nm (92.3eV). The carbon deposits so formed were removed by molecular oxygen + EUV. The MLM reflectivities and photoemission were measured in-situ during these carbon deposition and cleaning procedures. Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) sputter-through profiling of the samples was performed after experimental runs to help determine C layer thickness and the near-surface compositional-depth profiles of all samples studied. EUV powers were varied from similar to0.2 mW/mm(2) to 3 MW/mm(2) (at 13.44 nm) during both deposition and cleaning experiments and the oxygen pressure ranged from similar to5 x 10(-5) to 5 x 10(-4) Torr during the cleaning experiments. C deposition rates as high as similar to8 nm/hr were observed, while cleaning rates as high as similar to5 nm/hr could be achieved when the highest oxygen pressures were used. A limited set of experiments involving intentional oxygen-only exposure of the MLM samples showed that slow oxidation of the MLM surface could occur. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Malinowski, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4029-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4343 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1117/12.436677 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT33Y UT WOS:000172675100035 ER PT S AU Gullikson, EM Mrowka, S Kaufmann, BB AF Gullikson, EM Mrowka, S Kaufmann, BB BE Dobisz, EA TI Recent developments in EUV reflectometry at the advanced light source SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies V Conference CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2001 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUV lithography; reflectometry; metrology; multilayer reflectivity ID HIGH-RESOLUTION AB In order to satisfy the metrology requirements of multilayer coatings for EUVL optics and masks, improvements have been made to the reflectometry beamline at the Advanced Light Source. The precision in determining multilayer peak reflectance and wavelength has been improved by reducing the measurement noise. The peak reflectance of a typical Mo/Si multilayer can now be measured with a precision of 0.08% rms,(relative) and the centroid wavelength with a precision of 0.007% rms. It has now been possible to determine the contribution of scattered light to the spectral purity. Under the typical measurement conditions the scattered light accounts for about 1.3% of the incident beam. With an appropriate slit it is possible to reduce the scattered light to 0.25%. By correcting for the remaining scattered light, it is estimated that a reflectance accuracy of 0.1% (absolute) is obtained for a typical Mo/Si multilayer. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gullikson, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4029-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4343 BP 363 EP 373 DI 10.1117/12.436712 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT33Y UT WOS:000172675100037 ER PT S AU Kanouff, M Shields, H Bernardez, L Kubiak, G AF Kanouff, M Shields, H Bernardez, L Kubiak, G BE Dobisz, EA TI EUV absorption in a laser produced plasma source SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies V Conference CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2001 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUV lithography; laser produced plasma (LPP); gasdynamics; absorption; modeling ID LITHOGRAPHY AB Laser produced plasmas (LPP) provide a stable source of EUV making them well suited for use in next-generation lithography tools. The plasma is generated by directing a laser at a target composed of a partially condensed gas after it undergoes a supersonic expansion through a nozzle and enters a vacuum chamber. The expansion process results in very cold temperatures such that the gas partially condenses, forming a mixture of gas and small clusters. The clusters absorb the laser energy leading to the formation of the plasma, but the excess gas absorbs some of the emitted EUV reducing the net output of the LPP. Calculations were carried out to determine the amount of EUV absorbed by the gaseous xenon that surrounds the plasma. The Navier-Stokes equations were solved to obtain the gas density field. Observations from experiments were used for the shape of the plasma, which showed it to be approximately that of a prolate spheroid. The relative EUV signal strength was obtained as a function of the direction angle by calculating the absorption of EUV in the gas surrounding the plasma and integrating over the plasma surface. Calculated results for the normalized EUV energy distribution compare well with measurements of the EUV angular distribution obtained in experiments. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kanouff, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4029-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4343 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1117/12.436682 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT33Y UT WOS:000172675100054 ER PT S AU Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Anderson, EH Batson, P Denham, P Jackson, K Rekawa, S Bokor, J AF Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Anderson, EH Batson, P Denham, P Jackson, K Rekawa, S Bokor, J BE Dobisz, EA TI Adding static printing capabilities to the EUV phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies V Conference CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2001 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; synchrotron radiation; microfield printing; EUV diffuser; decoherentizing illuminator ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; UNDULATOR RADIATION; SYSTEM; OPTICS AB While interferometry is routinely used for, the characterization and alignment of lithographic optics, the ultimate performance metric for these optics is printing in photoresist. Direct comparison of imaging and wavefront performance is also useful for verifying and improving the predictive power of wavefront metrology under actual printing conditions. To address these issues, static, small-field printing capabilities are being added to the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) implemented at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This Sub-field Exposure Station (SES) will enable the earliest possible imaging characterization of the upcoming Engineering, Test Stand (ETS) Set-2 projection optics. Relevant printing studies with the ETS projection optics require illumination partial coherence with sigma of approximately 0.7. This sigma value is very different from the coherent illumination requirements of the EUV PS/PDI and the coherence properties naturally provided by synchrotron undulator beamline illumination. Adding printing capabilities to the PS/PDI experimental system thus necessitates the development of an alternative illumination system capable of destroying the inherent coherence of the beamline. The SES is being implemented with two independent illuminators: the first is based on a novel EUV diffuser currently under development and the second is based on a scanning mirror design. Here we describe the design and implementation of the new SES, including a discussion of the illuminators and the fabrication of the EUV diffuser. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4029-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4343 BP 639 EP 645 DI 10.1117/12.436633 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT33Y UT WOS:000172675100070 ER PT S AU Kelsey, RL Bisset, KR Webster, RB AF Kelsey, RL Bisset, KR Webster, RB BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI Automated parametric execution and documentation for large-scale simulations SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Enabling Technology for Simulation Science Conference CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE XML; self-documenting language; physical system simulation; automatic simulation execution ID KNOWLEDGE AB A language has been created to facilitate the automatic execution of simulations for purposes of enabling parametric study and test and evaluation. Its function is similar in nature to a job-control language, but more capability is provided in that the language extends the notion of literate programming to job control. Interwoven markup tags self document and define the job control process. The language works in tandem with another language used to describe physical systems. Both languages are implemented in the Extensible Markup Language (XML). A user describes a physical system for simulation and then creates a set of instructions for automatic execution of the simulation. Support routines merge the instructions with the physical-system description, execute the simulation the specified number of times, gather the output data, and document the process and output for the user. The language enables the guided exploration of a parameter space and can be used for simulations that must determine optimal solutions to particular problems. It is generalized enough that it can be used with any simulation input files that are described using XML. XML is shown to be useful as a description language, an interchange language, and a self-documented language. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelsey, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4062-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4367 BP 202 EP 208 AR UNSP 4367-23 DI 10.1117/12.440022 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BU10G UT WOS:000175015600021 ER PT S AU Santini, DJ Vyas, AD Anderson, JL An, F AF Santini, DJ Vyas, AD Anderson, JL An, F GP TRB TI Partnership for a new generation of vehicles' fuel economy goal - Evaluation of trade-offs along the path SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2001: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 80th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV), a government and industry joint initiative, has established a goal of tripling the fuel economy of a midsize sedan. A series of modeling experiments was conducted to examine the relative effectiveness of various technical steps cumulatively accomplishing this goal. A composite 1995 midsize sedan was sequentially modified, resulting in 21 different vehicles, each with selectively singularly altered candidate technical modifications that are evaluated with respect to their effectiveness for increasing fuel economy. The candidate technical modifications included manual transmission; reduced acceleration requirement; reduced frontal area and coefficient of drag; low-resistance tires; lightweight material; fuel-efficient, turbo-charged, direct-injection diesel engine; hybridizing to a parallel configuration; and lower grade-climbing requirements. The study design is discussed, and simulated fuel economy gain for each step is presented. The modeling exercise also estimated that it is possible to reach the triple-fuel-economy goal with these modifications. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Santini, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07211-5 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2001 IS 1750 BP 3 EP 10 AR UNSP 01-3222 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA BU62B UT WOS:000176517200001 ER PT S AU Leiby, P Rubin, J AF Leiby, P Rubin, J GP TRB TI Effectiveness and efficiency of policies to promote alternative fuel vehicles SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2001: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 80th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB Alternative motor fuels have been advocated in the name of energy security, regional air quality, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and even economic savings. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) sets a goal of replacing 30 percent of conventional fuel use with alternative fuels by 2010. Earlier analysis using a single-period equilibrium model demonstrated the feasibility of EPACT's replacement goals. This earlier analysis, however, assumed mature markets with large-scale vehicle production and the widespread availability of alternative fuels at retail stations. These conditions are not currently attained. To better assess what may be necessary to achieve mature, large-scale alternative fuel and vehicle markets, the authors use the transitional alternative fuels and vehicles model and simulate market outcomes for the use and cost of alternative fuels and vehicles over the time period of 1996 to 2010, considering possible transitional barriers related to infrastructural needs and production scale. Prices and choices for fuels and vehicles are endogenous. The model accounts for dynamic linkages between investments and vehicle and fuel production capacity, tracks vehicle stock evolution, and represents the effects of increasing scale and expanding retail fuel availability on the effective costs to consumers. Various policy alternatives are evaluated, including fleet vehicle purchase mandates, fuel subsidies, and tax incentives for low-greenhouse-gas-emitting fuels. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maine, Margaret Chase Smith Ctr Publ Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Resource Econ & Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Leiby, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 4500 N Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07211-5 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2001 IS 1750 BP 84 EP 91 AR UNSP 01-3404 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA BU62B UT WOS:000176517200010 ER PT J AU Klems, JH AF Klems, JH TI Net energy performance measurements on electrochromic skylights SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE residential buildings; commercial buildings; energy; envelope; monitoring; calorimetric measurements AB Tests of skylights made from prototype electrochromic glazings were performed in a room-sized calorimetric test facility under ambient outdoor summer conditions in Reno, NV. The test methodology and the resultant measurements of skylight heat hows and temperatures with their diurnal variations are presented. Special test issues relating to the dynamic switchable nature of the glazings are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Klems, JH (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Mailstop 90-3111,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 2 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0378-7788(00)00069-4 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 389PU UT WOS:000166247600002 ER PT B AU Rosen, K Meier, A AF Rosen, K Meier, A BE Bertoldi, P Ricci, A DeAlmeida, A TI Energy use of US consumer electronics at the end of the 20(th) century SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting CY SEP 27-29, 2000 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP SAVE II Programme, ANPA, ADEME, ASSIL, ASSOLUCE, CECED, ENEA, ENEL, Federelettrica, Napoletanagas, Saes Getters AB The major consumer electronics in U.S. homes accounted for over 10% of U.S. residential electricity consumption in 1999, which is comparable to the electricity consumed by refrigerators or lighting. We attribute 3.6% to video products, 3.3% to home office equipment, and 1.8% to audio products. Televisions use more energy than any other single product category, but computer energy use now ranks second and is likely to continue growing. In all, consumer electronics consumed 110 TWh in the U.S. in 1999, over 60% of which was consumed while the products were not in use. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41482-7 PY 2001 BP 256 EP 266 PG 11 WC Business; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR77Z UT WOS:000167495500029 ER PT B AU Lin, J Zhao, YJ AF Lin, J Zhao, YJ BE Bertoldi, P Ricci, A DeAlmeida, A TI Chinese lighting energy consumption and the potential impact of the proposed ballast energy efficiency standard SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting CY SEP 27-29, 2000 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP SAVE II Programme, ANPA, ADEME, ASSIL, ASSOLUCE, CECED, ENEA, ENEL, Federelettrica, Napoletanagas, Saes Getters C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41482-7 PY 2001 BP 343 EP 354 PG 12 WC Business; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR77Z UT WOS:000167495500038 ER PT B AU Turiel, I Atkinson, B Chan, P Denver, A Hamachi, K Marnay, C Osborn, J AF Turiel, I Atkinson, B Chan, P Denver, A Hamachi, K Marnay, C Osborn, J BE Bertoldi, P Ricci, A DeAlmeida, A TI Energy and carbon impact of new US fluorescent lamp ballast energy efficiency standards SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting CY SEP 27-29, 2000 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP SAVE II Programme, ANPA, ADEME, ASSIL, ASSOLUCE, CECED, ENEA, ENEL, Federelettrica, Napoletanagas, Saes Getters AB Climate change policy requires generation of carefully considered estimates of possible energy and carbon savings from various policies. There is always uncertainty in such estimates; we describe how these savings estimates were arrived at for the case of energy efficiency standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts. Several standards scenarios are described in detail along with all the assumptions that had to be made. We worked closely with the ballast industry to develop all of the engineering data needed to estimate energy savings when magnetic ballasts are replaced with electronic ballasts. Current market data was collected from distributors to establish ballast prices. The commercial and industrial lighting sector will be subject to new energy efficient lighting regulations beginning in 2005. These regulations affect ballasts (the market is mostly magnetic now) that operate T12 fluorescent lamps. The use of electronic ballasts will result in cumulative energy savings of about 1.3 to 5.2 exajoules (1.2 to 4.9 quads) of primary energy over the period 2005-2030. Businesses will reduce electricity costs by about 2.0 to 7.2 billion dollars (discounted to 1997 at 7% real) over the same period. Carbon emissions will be reduced by about 11 to 32 million metric tons over the period 2005-2020. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41482-7 PY 2001 BP 355 EP 366 PG 12 WC Business; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR77Z UT WOS:000167495500039 ER PT B AU Turiel, I Atkinson, B Denver, A Fisher, D Hakim, S Liu, X McMahon, J AF Turiel, I Atkinson, B Denver, A Fisher, D Hakim, S Liu, X McMahon, J BE Bertoldi, P Ricci, A DeAlmeida, A TI Application of uncertainty in life cycle cost analysis of new US fluorescent lamp ballast energy efficiency standards SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting CY SEP 27-29, 2000 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP SAVE II Programme, ANPA, ADEME, ASSIL, ASSOLUCE, CECED, ENEA, ENEL, Federelettrica, Napoletanagas, Saes Getters AB Life cycle cost analysis is often used in evaluating potential energy efficiency standards for appliances and lighting. Usually, point estimates are used for each input variable. There is always uncertainty in such estimates; we describe how we developed the distributions representing the variability in electricity price, equipment price, operating hours and ballast lifetime for the analysis of energy efficiency standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts. We worked closely with the ballast industry to develop all of the engineering data needed to estimate energy savings when magnetic ballasts are replaced with electronic ballasts. A survey was performed to establish ballast prices. The life cycle cost (LCC) outputs are also in the form of a distribution, we discuss how to interpret these distributions. These LCC results were one of the tools that were used by manufacturers and efficiency advocates to arrive at consensus energy efficiency standards. The commercial and industrial lighting sector in the U.S. will be subject to new energy efficient lighting regulations beginning in 2005. These regulations affect ballasts (the market is mostly magnetic now) that operate T12 (38mm or 1.5 inch) fluorescent lamps. The use of electronic ballasts will result in cumulative energy savings of 1.2 to 4.9 quads of primary energy over the period from 2005 to 2030. Businesses will reduce electricity costs by 2.0 to 7.2 billion dollars (discounted to 1997 at 7% real) and carbon emissions will be reduced by 11 to 32 million metric tons over the period 2005-2020. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41482-7 PY 2001 BP 367 EP 377 PG 11 WC Business; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR77Z UT WOS:000167495500040 ER PT B AU Meier, A AF Meier, A BE Bertoldi, P Ricci, A DeAlmeida, A TI A general design for energy test procedures SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting CY SEP 27-29, 2000 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP SAVE II Programme, ANPA, ADEME, ASSIL, ASSOLUCE, CECED, ENEA, ENEL, Federelettrica, Napoletanagas, Saes Getters AB Appliances are increasingly controlled by microprocessors. Unfortunately, energy test procedures have not been modified to capture the positive and negative contributions of the microprocessor to the appliance's energy use. A new test procedure is described, which captures both the mechanical and logical features present in many new appliances. We developed an energy test procedure for refrigerators that incorporates most aspects of the proposed new approach. Some of the strengths and weaknesses of the new test are described. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41482-7 PY 2001 BP 379 EP 388 PG 10 WC Business; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR77Z UT WOS:000167495500041 ER PT B AU McMahon, JE Chan, P Chaitkin, S AF McMahon, JE Chan, P Chaitkin, S BE Bertoldi, P Ricci, A DeAlmeida, A TI Impacts of US appliance standards to date SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting CY SEP 27-29, 2000 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP SAVE II Programme, ANPA, ADEME, ASSIL, ASSOLUCE, CECED, ENEA, ENEL, Federelettrica, Napoletanagas, Saes Getters C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41482-7 PY 2001 BP 547 EP 559 PG 13 WC Business; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR77Z UT WOS:000167495500058 ER PT B AU Vine, E du Pont, P Waide, P AF Vine, E du Pont, P Waide, P BE Bertoldi, P Ricci, A DeAlmeida, A TI Evaluating the impact of appliance efficiency labeling programs and standards SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting CY SEP 27-29, 2000 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP SAVE II Programme, ANPA, ADEME, ASSIL, ASSOLUCE, CECED, ENEA, ENEL, Federelettrica, Napoletanagas, Saes Getters C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41482-7 PY 2001 BP 581 EP 591 PG 11 WC Business; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR77Z UT WOS:000167495500061 ER PT B AU McMahon, JE Liu, XM AF McMahon, JE Liu, XM BE Bertoldi, P Ricci, A DeAlmeida, A TI Variability of consumer impacts from energy efficiency standards SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting CY SEP 27-29, 2000 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP SAVE II Programme, ANPA, ADEME, ASSIL, ASSOLUCE, CECED, ENEA, ENEL, Federelettrica, Napoletanagas, Saes Getters AB A typical prospective analysis of the expected impact of energy efficiency standards on consumers is based on average economic conditions (e.g., energy price) and operating characteristics. In fact, different consumers face different economic conditions and exhibit different behaviors when using an appliance. A method has been developed to characterize the variability among individual households and to calculate the life-cycle cost of appliances taking into account those differences. Using survey data, this method is applied to a distribution of consumers representing the U.S. Examples of clothes washer standards are shown for which 70-90% of the population benefit, compared to 10-30% who are expected to bear increased costs due to new standards. In some cases, sufficient data exist to distinguish among demographic subgroups (for example, low income or elderly households) who are impacted differently from the general population. Rank order correlations between the sampled input distributions and the sampled output distributions are calculated to determine which variability inputs are main factors. This "importance analysis" identifies the key drivers contributing to the range of results. Conversely, the importance analysis identifies variables that, while uncertain, make so little difference as to be irrelevant in deciding a particular policy. Examples will be given from analysis of water heaters to illustrate the dominance of the policy implications by a few key variables. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41482-7 PY 2001 BP 640 EP 651 PG 12 WC Business; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR77Z UT WOS:000167495500067 ER PT B AU Della Cava, MF Wiel, S du Pont, P Phuket, SRN Constantine, S McMahon, JE AF Della Cava, MF Wiel, S du Pont, P Phuket, SRN Constantine, S McMahon, JE BE Bertoldi, P Ricci, A DeAlmeida, A TI Supporting a network for energy efficiency labels and standards programs in developing countries SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting CY SEP 27-29, 2000 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP SAVE II Programme, ANPA, ADEME, ASSIL, ASSOLUCE, CECED, ENEA, ENEL, Federelettrica, Napoletanagas, Saes Getters AB Much of the developed world has gained experience and success with product energy efficiency standards and labeling programs over the last 20 years, and some developing countries have followed suit. Yet, many developing countries still have little or no experience in the field. Recently, a number of those countries recognized the potential economic and environmental benefits of standards and labeling and have begun to plan or develop such programs. This paper summarizes the history of standards and labeling programs internationally and notes the current status of such programs. The paper goes on to describe the creation of a network for sharing international experience on the implementation of energy efficiency standards and labels and accessing the financial, technical, and information resources that are available globally for policymakers. A list of countries that have expressed interest in developing and implementing standards and labeling programs is also provided(1). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41482-7 PY 2001 BP 666 EP 678 PG 13 WC Business; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR77Z UT WOS:000167495500069 ER PT J AU Sousa, L AF Sousa, L TI The Department of Energy delivers: Energy-efficient industrial technologies & programs SO ENERGY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Off Ind Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Sousa, L (reprint author), US DOE, Off Ind Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGY ENGINEERING PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA SN 0199-8595 J9 ENERG ENG JI Energy Eng. PY 2001 VL 98 IS 3 BP 7 EP 24 DI 10.1092/FKUR-3NCE-A7K7-0EA2 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 438KT UT WOS:000169053000002 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Dirks, JA AF Brown, DR Dirks, JA TI Evaluation of energy consumption factors at army forces command sites SO ENERGY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Energy regulations prescribed by federal legislation and executive orders require federal facilities to reduce energy consumption per square foot of building floor space thereinafter referred to as "energy intensity"). Prior regulations required energy intensity to be reduced by 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent relative to a 1985 baseline by the years 1995, 2000, and 2005, respectively*. Executive Order 13123 recently extended the requirements to a 35 percent reduction by 2010 relative to 1985. Based on 1998 energy consumption, FORSCOM energy intensity had dropped by 13.7 percent since 1985. Thus, FORSCOM met the 10 percent reduction required by 1995, but is far short of the 20 percent, 30 percent, and 35 percent reduction requirements established for 2000, 2005, and 2010, respectively. Moderate success to date and concern about meeting future requirements prompted FORSCOM to initiate an evaluation of factors limiting site energy intensity improvement. The objectives of this assessment included: 1) Identifying the factors affecting energy intensity changes; 2) Estimating the impact on energy intensity of these factors; and 3) Developing strategies for reducing energy intensity. This article reports on the methodology and results for Fort Hood, the first FORSCOM site to be evaluated. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-07,3230 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGY ENGINEERING PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA SN 0199-8595 J9 ENERG ENG JI Energy Eng. PY 2001 VL 98 IS 3 BP 25 EP + DI 10.1092/1AMC-VGYT-LAUX-WN07 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 438KT UT WOS:000169053000003 ER PT J AU Hu, JZ Solum, MS Taylor, CMV Pugmire, RJ Grant, DM AF Hu, JZ Solum, MS Taylor, CMV Pugmire, RJ Grant, DM TI Structural determination in carbonaceous solids using advanced solid state NMR techniques SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANGLE-TURNING EXPERIMENTS; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; PREMIUM COALS; C-13 NMR; POLARIZATION; TENSORS AB Detailed structural information in carbonaceous solids with complex molecular structures may be obtained with a combination of three advanced solid-state NMR techniques, i.e., dipolar dephasing with variable dephasing times,C-13 CP/MAS spectral editing, and an isotropic-anisotropic correlation experiment called PHORMAT. It is shown that the ratio of protonated td nonprotonated aromatic carbons may be determined with high accuracy by the conventional dipolar dephasing experiment with variable dephasing times. The fractions of aliphatic CH, CH2, CH3 and nonprotonated (C) carbons may be obtained by employing C-13 CP/MAS spectral editing techniques. The 2D PHORMAT experiment is used to obtain the structural information in the aromatic region of coal. Theoretical predictions of the principal values of chemical shift tensors in model compounds are used in the interpretation of the experimental chemical shift tensors. The potential application of these methods is illustrated using a sub-bituminous coal DIETZ (PSOC-1488). C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pugmire, RJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RI Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012 NR 29 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1021/ef0001888 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 393UZ UT WOS:000166489200003 ER PT J AU Robinson, AL Buckley, SG Baxter, LL AF Robinson, AL Buckley, SG Baxter, LL TI Experimental measurements of the thermal conductivity of ash deposits: Part 1. Measurement technique SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID COAL; COMBUSTION; FURNACES AB This paper describes a technique developed to make in situ, time-resolved measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of ash deposits formed under conditions that closely replicate those found in the convective pass of a commercial boiler. Since ash deposit thermal conductivity is thought to be strongly dependent on deposit microstructure, the technique is designed to minimize the disturbance of the natural deposit microstructure. Traditional techniques for measuring deposit thermal conductivity generally do not preserve the sample microstructure. Experiments are described that demonstrate the technique, quantify the experimental uncertainty, and determine the thermal conductivity of highly porous, unsintered deposits. The average measured thermal conductivity of loose, unsintered deposits is 0.14 +/- 0.03 W m(-1) K-1, approximately midway between rational theoretical limits for deposit thermal conductivity. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Robinson, AL (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2181 Glenn L Martin Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Robinson, Allen/I-5713-2012; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014; Baxter, Larry/C-8567-2009 OI Robinson, Allen/0000-0003-1053-7090; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X; Baxter, Larry/0000-0002-0453-2659 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1021/ef000036c PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 393UZ UT WOS:000166489200009 ER PT J AU Robinson, AL Buckley, SG Yang, N Baxter, LL AF Robinson, AL Buckley, SG Yang, N Baxter, LL TI Experimental measurements of the thermal conductivity of ash deposits: Part 2. Effects of sintering and deposit microstructure SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID PULVERIZED COAL; COMBUSTION AB This paper describes an experimental study that examines the influence of sintering and microstructure on ash deposit thermal conductivity. The measurements are made using a technique developed to make in situ, time-resolved measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of ash deposits formed under conditions that closely replicate those found in the convective pass of a commercial boiler. The technique is designed to minimize the disturbance of the natural deposit microstructure. The initial stages of sintering and densification are accompanied by an increase in deposit thermal conductivity. Subsequent sintering continues to density the deposit, but has little effect on deposit thermal conductivity. SEM analyses indicate that sintering creates a layered deposit structure with a relatively unsintered innermost layer. We hypothesize that this unsintered layer largely determines the overall deposit thermal conductivity. A theoretical model that treats a deposit as a two-layered material predicts the observed trends in thermal conductivity. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Robinson, AL (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Robinson, Allen/I-5713-2012; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014; Baxter, Larry/C-8567-2009 OI Robinson, Allen/0000-0003-1053-7090; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X; Baxter, Larry/0000-0002-0453-2659 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1021/ef0000375 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 393UZ UT WOS:000166489200010 ER PT J AU Thompson, AR Botto, RE AF Thompson, AR Botto, RE TI NMR of layered silicates in Argonne coals and geochemical implications SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE SI-29; HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; MAGIC-ANGLE; CLAY-MINERALS; INORGANIC SOLIDS; AL-27; PHYLLOSILICATES; SPECTROMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY AB High-resolution Al-27 and Si-29 NMR were employed to characterize layered silicates in the suite of eight Argonne Premium coals. Analyses were performed on native coals directly, or fractions isolated by sink-float techniques. Mineral phases of kaolinite, quartz, and illite-montmorillinite clays could readily be distinguished nonquantitatively by Si-29 NMR techniques using direct detection or cross polarization. Al-27 NMR was used to determine quantitatively the amounts of tetrahedral and octahedral aluminum forms present. The Al-27 NMR results were consistent with mineralogical analyses by XRD, showing that increases in tetrahedral content paralleled illitization of the clay minerals. A remarkably good relationship also was found between the total amount of tetrahedral aluminum associated with the mineral matter and degree of maturation of the organic matter in the coal. The data suggest that illitization of the clays can be used as a mineralogical thermal maturity indicator for Type II kerogens, as demonstrated for the Argonne Premium coals, provided that contributions from organo-chelated aluminum species and detrital mineral matter are taken into account. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Botto, RE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1021/ef000195w PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 393UZ UT WOS:000166489200024 ER PT J AU Tanner, DD Kandanarachchi, P Ding, QZ Shao, HW Vizitiu, D Franz, JA AF Tanner, DD Kandanarachchi, P Ding, QZ Shao, HW Vizitiu, D Franz, JA TI The catalytic conversion of C-1-C-n hydrocarbons to olefins and hydrogen: Microwave-assisted C-C and C-H bond activation SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DIFFUSION COLUMN; ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; IRIDIUM COMPLEXES; RHODIUM COMPLEXES; METHANE; IRRADIATION; RHCL(CO)(PME3)2; DECOMPOSITION; ALKENE AB The gas-phase, carbon-catalyzed,microwave-promoted conversion of methane to ethylene, ethane, acetylene, and hydrogen is reported. A selection of C-1-C-4 hydrocarbons, hexadecane, and a cyclic hydrocarbon, cyclodecane, were also subjected to microwave conversion, resulting primarily in cr-olefins, ethylene, and hydrogen. For methane conversion, the products are reminiscent of those found in methane pyrolysis. Microwave-induced cleavage of the liquid hydrocarbons provides conditions for the stabilization, by rapid thermal quenching in ambient-temperature liquid reagent, of products such as terminal olefins that would be labile under conventional (thermal bath) pyrolysis reaction conditions. The reactions of long chain acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons involve high temperatures in the region of the spark leading to a cascade of unimolecular scission reactions from initially formed biradicals from cycloalkanes or radical pairs from linear alkanes, largely to the exclusion of intermolecular radical-radical and radical-molecule reactions. The observed products are discussed in terms of the thermochemistry and dynamics of high-temperature unimolecular biradical and radical decomposition reactions, and mechanisms involving reactive surface metal sites. The reaction rates of alkanes were found to increase with the molecular weight of the reactants. Mechanistic pathways consistent with these results are discussed. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tanner, DD (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1021/ef000167d PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 393UZ UT WOS:000166489200027 ER PT J AU Schipper, L Murtishaw, S Unander, F AF Schipper, L Murtishaw, S Unander, F TI International comparisons of sectoral carbon dioxide emissions using a cross-country decomposition technique SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENERGY USE; INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES; INTENSITY; DEMAND; TIME AB Discerning which sources contribute most to differences in per capita carbon emissions and why presents a daunting task for analysts, since several underlying factors affect emissions from hundreds of end-uses. This paper provides derails of an international comparison methodology and carries our the comparison on a number of international Energy Agency (IEA) member countries. These calculations show where differences in the components of emissions lead to large gaps among countries. The data, from national sources, are the most extensive and disaggregated ever compiled for this kind of international analysis. Overall, activity differences account for the largest part of the gap in per capita emissions among IEA countries. If we normalize emissions to GDP, then transport activity levels, energy intensities, and utility carbon intensity share about equally in explaining the differences in carbon/GDP ratios among countries. Most of the structural variations arise in the freight, services, and household sectors-sectors less sensitive to international competition than manufacturing. C1 Int Energy Agcy, F-75739 Paris 15, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schipper, L (reprint author), Int Energy Agcy, 9 Rue Federat, F-75739 Paris 15, France. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERGY J JI Energy J. PY 2001 VL 22 IS 2 BP 35 EP 75 PG 41 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 430KH UT WOS:000168572700003 ER PT J AU Worrell, E van Berkel, R Zhou, FQ Menke, C Schaeffer, R Williams, RO AF Worrell, E van Berkel, R Zhou, FQ Menke, C Schaeffer, R Williams, RO TI Technology transfer of energy efficient technologies in industry: a review of trends and policy issues SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE technology transfer; energy efficient technology; industry ID INDIA; MARKET; IMPLEMENTATION; CONSERVATION; ENTERPRISES; COUNTRIES; BARRIERS; CHINA AB In 1995, industry accounted for 41% of global energy use. Although the efficiency of industrial processes has increased greatly during the past decades, energy efficiency improvements remain the major opportunity to reduce CO, emissions. Industrialisation may affect the environment adversely, stressing the need for transfer of cleaner technologies to developing countries. A review of trends, barriers and opportunities for technology transfer is presented. Technology transfer is a process involving assessment, agreement, implementation, evaluation and adaptation, and repetition. Institutional barriers and policies influence the transaction process, as well as the efficiency of the transfer process, in particular in the adaptation and repetition stages of the technology transfer process. Investments in industrial technology are dominated by the private sector. In industry, energy efficiency is often the result of investments in modern equipment, stressing the importance and need for environmentally sound and long-term investment policies. The interactive and dynamic character of technology transfer stresses the need for innovative and flexible approaches, through partnerships between various stakeholders. Adaptation of technology to local conditions is essential, but practices vary widely. Countries that spend on average more on adaptation, seem to be more successful in technology transfer, hence successful technology transfer depends on transfer of technological capabilities. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. John Curtin Int Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Appl Sci, Trier, Germany. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Worrell, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, MS 90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 86 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00097-5 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 373VZ UT WOS:000165311900004 ER PT J AU Murtishaw, S Schipper, L Unander, F Karbuz, S Khrushch, M AF Murtishaw, S Schipper, L Unander, F Karbuz, S Khrushch, M TI Lost carbon emissions: the role of non-manufacturing "other industries" and refining in industrial energy use and carbon emissions in IEA countries SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY; DECOMPOSITION; CONSUMPTION AB We present a review of trends in energy use and output in branches of industry not often studied in detail: petroleum refining and what we call the Ether industries - agriculture, mining, and construction. From a sample of IEA countries we analyze eight with the most complete data from the early 1970s to the mid-1990s. We carry out a decomposition analysis of changes in energy use and carbon emissions in the "other industries" sector. We also review briefly the impact of including refining in the evolution of manufacturing energy use, usually studied without refining. Despite many data problems, we present our results as a way of enticing others to study these important "lost" sectors more carefully. We have five basic findings. First, "other industries" tends to be a minor consumer of energy in many countries, but in some, particularly Denmark, the US? and Australia, mining or agriculture can be a major sector too large to be overlooked. Second, refining is an extremely energy intensive industry which despite a relatively low share of value added consumes as much as 20% of final energy use in manufacturing. Third, as a result of a slower decline in the carbon-intensity of these industries vis-a-vis the manufacturing industries, their share of industrial emissions has been rising. Fourth, for other industries variation in per capita output plays a relatively small role in differentiating per capita carbon emissions compared to the impact of subsectoral energy intensities. Finally, including this energy in CO2 calculations has little impact on overall trends, but does change the magnitude of emissions in most countries significantly. Clearly, these industries provide important opportunities for searching for carbon emissions reductions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Int Energy Agcy, Energy Technol Policy Div, F-75739 Paris 15, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schipper, L (reprint author), Int Energy Agcy, Energy Technol Policy Div, 9 Rue Federat, F-75739 Paris 15, France. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 83 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00103-8 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390NN UT WOS:000166302900001 ER PT J AU Nakata, T Lamont, A AF Nakata, T Lamont, A TI Analysis of the impacts of carbon taxes on energy systems in Japan SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE energy model; carbon tax; CO2 emissions ID ECONOMY AB This research examines the impacts of using carbon and energy taxes to reduce carbon emissions from the Japanese energy system. A partial equilibrium model of the Japanese energy sector has been developed to forecast changes in the energy system out to the year 2040. The model accounts for the changes in energy technology capacities, fuels, and consumption in response to policy initiatives, such as taxes. We find that carbon and energy taxes will decrease carbon dioxide emission to a proposed target. The total cost in terms of supplying energy will be similar for either approach. However, the model also indicates that carbon taxes cause a shift in resources used from coal to gas. IGCC does not penetrate the market in carbon tax case. Since energy security is a primary concern to Japan, maintaining a diverse base of resources is very important. Policies that would eliminate coal, and efficient coal-based technologies, may not be desirable. The development of clean coal technologies and advanced transportation technologies suitable for Japan's energy systems should be the next target to overcome the limit of carbon taxes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Decis Sci Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nakata, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Aoba Yama 01, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RI Nakata, Toshihiko/E-3161-2010 OI Nakata, Toshihiko/0000-0003-0088-9498 NR 18 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00104-X PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390NN UT WOS:000166302900007 ER PT S AU Schenkel, T Kraemer, A Leung, KN Hamza, AV McDonald, JW Schneider, DH AF Schenkel, T Kraemer, A Leung, KN Hamza, AV McDonald, JW Schneider, DH BE Knystautas, EJ Kirk, WP Browning, V TI Highly charged ion-secondary ion mass spectrometry (HCI-SIMS): Towards metrology solutions for sub 100 nm technology nodes SO ENGINEERING THIN FILMS WITH ION BEAMS, NANOSCALE DIAGNOSTICS, AND MOLECULAR MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Engineering Thin Films With Ion Beams, Nanoscale Diagnostics, and Molecular Manufacturing CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID EMISSION MICROSCOPE; BEAM; SPECTROSCOPY; DESORPTION; SLOW AB The transition to semiconductor design nodes below 100 nm will create high demands on metrology solutions for the detection and chemical characterization of defects and particles throughout all processing steps. The compositional analysis of particles with sizes below about 20 run is one particular challenge. We describe progress in the development of a highly charged ion based secondary ion mass spectrometry (HCI-SIMS) schemes aimed at addressing this challenge. Using ions like Xe48+ as projectiles increases secondary ion yields by several orders of magnitude and enables the application of coincidence counting techniques for the characterization of nano-environments of selected species. Additionally, an ion emission microscope was developed for defect imaging and we report examples of its application. We discuss steps of combining beam focusing, coincidence analysis and emission microscopy to enable compositional analysis of sub 20 nm size particles. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4182-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4468 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.452558 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT90Q UT WOS:000174396100005 ER PT S AU Goedeke, SM Allison, SW Farahi, RH Rajic, S Datskos, PG AF Goedeke, SM Allison, SW Farahi, RH Rajic, S Datskos, PG BE Knystautas, EJ Kirk, WP Browning, V TI Dual-fiberoptic microcantilever proximity sensor SO ENGINEERING THIN FILMS WITH ION BEAMS, NANOSCALE DIAGNOSTICS, AND MOLECULAR MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Engineering Thin Films With Ion Beams, Nanoscale Diagnostics, and Molecular Manufacturing CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB Microcantilevers are key components of many Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and Micro-Optical-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MOEMS) because slight changes to them physically or chemically lead to changes in mechanical characteristics. An inexpensive dual-fiberoptic microcantilever proximity sensor and model to predict its performance are reported here. Motion of a magnetic-material-coated cantilever is the basis of a system under development for measuring magnetic fields. The dual fiber proximity sensor will be used to monitor the motion of the cantilever. The specific goal is to sense induction fields produced by a current carrying conductor. The proximity sensor consists of two fibers side by side with claddings in contact, The fiber core diameter, 50 microns, and cladding thickness, 10 microns, are as small as routinely available commercially with the exception of single mode fiber. Light is launched into one fiber from a light-emitting diode (LED). It emerges from that fiber and reflects from the cantilever into the adjacent receiving fiber connected to a detector. The sensing end is cast molded with a diameter of 3-mm over the last 20-mm, yielding a low profile sensor. This reflective triangulation approach is probably the oldest and simplest fiber proximity sensing approach, yet the novelty here is in demonstrating high sensitivity at low expense from a triangular microstructure with amorphous magnetic coatings of iron, cobalt, permalloy, etc. The signal intensity versus distance curve yields an approximate Gaussian shape. For a typical configuration, the signal grows from 10% to 90% of maximum in traversing from 6 to 50 microns from a coated cantilever. With signal levels exceeding a volt, nanometer resolution should be readily achievable for periodic signals. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goedeke, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Allison, Stephen/0000-0002-5887-5403 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4182-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4468 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1117/12.452552 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT90Q UT WOS:000174396100017 ER PT J AU Owen, S AF Owen, S TI 9th International Meshing Roundtable special issue SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Owen, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 199 EP 200 DI 10.1007/PL00013385 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 495UH UT WOS:000172358400001 ER PT J AU Knupp, PA AF Knupp, PA TI Hexahedral and tetrahedral mesh untangling SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Meshing Roundtable CY 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE hexahedral meshing; mesh optimization; mesh untangling; whisker weaving ID OPTIMIZATION AB We investigate a well-motivated mesh untangling objective function whose optimization automatically produces non-inverted elements when possible. Examples show the proceedure is highly effective on tetrahedral meshes and on many hexahedral meshes constructed via mapping or sweeping algorithms. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knupp, PA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, M-S 0847,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s003660170006 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 495UH UT WOS:000172358400006 ER PT J AU Tautges, TJ AF Tautges, TJ TI CGM: A geometry interface for mesh generation, analysis and other applications SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Meshing Roundtable CY 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE adaptive mesh refinement; componentization; geometry; solid modeling AB Geometry modeling has recently emerged as a commodity capability. Several geometry modeling engines are available which provide largely the same capability, and most high-end CAD systems provide access to their geometry through APIs. However, subtle differences exist between these modelers, both at the syntax level and in the underlying topological models. A modeler-independent interface to geometry bridges these differences, allowing applications to be developed in a true modeler- independent manner. The Common Geometry Module, or CGM, provides such an interface to geometry. At the most basic level, CGM translates geometry function calls to access geometry in its native format. To smooth over topological differences between modelers, and to allow modeler-independent modification of topology, CGM maintains its own topology datastructure. CGM also provides functionality not found in most modelers, like support for non-manifold topology, and alternative representations, including facer-based and 'virtual' geometry. CGM is designed to be extensible, allowing applications to derive application-specific capabilities from topological entities defined in CGM. The CUBIT Mesh Generation Toolkit has been modified to work directly with CGM. CGM is also designed to simplify the implementation of other solid model-based or alternative representations of geometry. Ports to Solid Works and Pro/Engineer are underway. CGM is also being used as the foundation for parallel mesh generation, and is being used for geometry support in several advanced finite element analysis codes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Tautges, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 299 EP 314 DI 10.1007/PL00013387 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 495UH UT WOS:000172358400009 ER PT J AU Tebbs, RS Salazar, EP Thompson, LH AF Tebbs, RS Salazar, EP Thompson, LH TI Identification of ICR170-induced XPD mutations in UV-sensitive CHO cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE XPD/ERCC2; nucleotide excision repair; DNA helicase; transcription factor TFIIH; xeroderma pigmentosum ID EXCISION-REPAIR PROTEIN; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; DNA-REPAIR; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; REPAIR/TRANSCRIPTION GENE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; COCKAYNE-SYNDROME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB We highlight selected contributions of Dr. Richard Setlow that contributed to our earlier understanding of excision repair processes and set the stage for dissecting nucleotide excision repair (NER) in mammalian cells through molecular genetics. More than 20 years ago, large-scale screens for UV-sensitive mutants of hamster CHO cells isolated similar to 200 mutants, many of which were assigned to the XPD/ERCC2 complementation group, but the nature of the mutations was not determined. The XPD protein performs not only an essential viability function as a structural component of transcription initiation factor TFIIH, but also an NER function as a 5 ' to 3 ' DNA helicase within TFIIH that unwinds DNA on the 3 ' side of bulky lesions. Alterations in these XPD functions are responsible for three UV-sensitivity genetic disorders that have distinguishable clinical features. In this study, we sequenced six UV-sensitive ICR170-induced Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants that previously were assigned to the XPD complementation group to determine whether they carry frameshift mutations. All six mutants show 3- to 5-fold increased hypersensitivity to UV irradiation, similar to the XPD mutant prototype UV5. Even though ICR170 is a strong frameshift mutagen, all six cell lines contain base substitution mutations, five of which are unique among all mutations identified so far in human and rodent cells. The sixth mutation was identical to the R75W mutation previously found in CHO UVL-1. The results presented here contribute to a mutation database that should prove useful in structure-function studies of this unique DNA-structure-specific helicase and its complex mutant phenotypes. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Thompson, LH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L441,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2-3 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1002/em.1060 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 489XG UT WOS:000172017400005 PM 11746743 ER PT J AU Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Weinert, EE Sidorkina, O Laval, J AF Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Weinert, EE Sidorkina, O Laval, J TI Frequencies and relative levels of clustered damages in DNA exposed to gamma rays in radioquenching vs. nonradioquenching conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE ionizing radiation; DNA; clustered damages; oxidized bases; strand breaks; abasic sites ID COLI ENDONUCLEASE-III; APURINIC APYRIMIDINIC SITES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IONIZING-RADIATION; STRAND BREAKS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; ABASIC SITES; REPAIR ENDONUCLEASES; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; EXONUCLEASE-III AB Clustered damage induced by ionizing radiation-two or more oxidized bases, abasic sites, or strand breaks within a few DNA helical turns-have been postulated to be major lethal and/or mutagenic sites. Although they have recently been shown to be induced in genomic DNAs by ionizing photons and particles, little is known of the factors that affect their yields or the relative levels of the classes of clusters. Toward this aim we have investigated the effect of DNA milieu, specifically, a nonradioquenching (phosphate) or radioquenching (Tris) solution, upon the generation of clustered lesions in a well-defined molecule, T7 bacteriophage DNA. Irradiation of DNA in Tris reduces the yields of all clustered damages to 1-3% of the levels formed in phosphate. Further, although the percentage of the total clusters in oxidized purine clusters is largely unchanged, and the level of abasic clusters decreases, the frequencies of double-strand breaks and oxidized pyrimidine clusters increase in the radioquenching solution. The ratio of the level of oxidized pyrimidine clusters to double-strand breaks in a DNA in radioquenching solution is similar to that obtained in DNA in human cells, also a radioquenching environment. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Gustave Roussy, Grp Reparat ADN, UMR 8532, CNRS, Villejuif, France. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463,50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM BMS@BNL.GOV NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2-3 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1002/em.1067 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 489XG UT WOS:000172017400012 PM 11746750 ER PT J AU Hatch, FT Knize, MG Colvin, ME AF Hatch, FT Knize, MG Colvin, ME TI Extended quantitative structure-activity relationships for 80 aromatic and heterocyclic amines: Structural, electronic, and hydropathic factors affecting mutagenic potency SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Ames/Salmonella assay; cytochrome P450 1A; cooking mutagens; aromatic ring system; pi-electron energy; nitrenium ion ID PROSPECTIVE SAFETY EVALUATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM ASSAY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL APPROACH; NITRENIUM IONS; AMES TEST; RELATIVE STABILITIES; CHEMICALS; FOOD; 2-AMINO-3-METHYLIMIDAZO<4,5-F>QUINOLINE; DERIVATIVES AB The mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic amines formed during the cooking of protein foods have been determined to be probable or possible human carcinogens. As part of a comprehensive study of the food mutagens, our laboratory has produced a series of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) of aromatic and heterocyclic amines, to attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of mutagenesis/carcinogenesis. Amines are genotoxically active only after activation by a series of reactions converting the parent compound to an electrophilic derivative, which is postulated to be a nitrenium ion that covalently binds to and damages DNA. An important agent in this conversion is cytochrome P450. In this report we develop a QSAR for 80 amines of diverse structure and a range of 10 orders of magnitude in mutagenic potency. New structural factors and quantum chemical ab initio and Huckel calculations are included. The results are interpreted to show that a main determinant of mutagenic potency is the extent of the aromatic pi-electron system. Small contributions are made by both the dipole moment and the calculated stability of the nitrenium ion. Multiple linear regression models account for nearly two-thirds of the variance in potency, leaving room for additional unknown factors. The role of cytochrome P450 1A in amine toxification is supported, and further theoretical and experimental research on its reaction mechanisms and modeling of its active site are proposed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:268-291, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hatch, FT (reprint author), 27 Pease Rd, Meredith, NH 03253 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA55861] NR 69 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 4 BP 268 EP 291 DI 10.1002/em.10028 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 510QJ UT WOS:000173218500002 PM 11774358 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, GR Buccola, J Merz, MS Littlefield, LG AF Hoffmann, GR Buccola, J Merz, MS Littlefield, LG TI Structure-activity analysis of the potentiation by aminothiols of the chromosome-damaging effect of bleomycin in G(0) human lymphocytes SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE bleomycin; aminothiols; micronuclei; human lymphocytes; radioprotectors; polyamines; WR-1065 ID DOUBLE-STRAND CLEAVAGE; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; BLOCK MICRONUCLEUS METHOD; G0 HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; V79 CELLS; S-2-(3-AMINOPROPYLAMINO)-ETHYLPHOSPHOROTHIOIC ACID; 2-<(AMINOPROPYL)AMINO> ETHANETHIOL; AEROBIC RADIOPROTECTION; CLASTOGENIC ACTIVITY; REDUCED-GLUTATHIONE AB The radioprotective aminothiols 2-[(aminopropyl)amino] ethanethiol (WR-1065) and cysteamine (CSM) potentiate the induction of chromosomal damage by the radiomimetic compound bleomycin (BLM) in G, human lymphocytes. To investigate the mechanism of potentiation, we measured the clastogenic activity of BLM in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in the presence and absence of amines, thiols, and aminothiols. The hydroxy analog of WR-1065, 2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethanol (WR-OH), potentiates BLM only slightly, indicating the critical nature of the thiol group. As thiols, WR-1065 and CSM may donate electrons for the activation of Fe+2-BLM or for the regeneration of Fe+2-BLM From inactive Fe+3-BLM. The amines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine all potentiate BLM, but they are weaker potentiators than the aminothiols, and they are effective only at high concentrations. Their activity, like that of WR-OH, is probably a consequence of conformational alteration of DNA. Dithioerythritol (DTE) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), thiols lacking an amino group, are less effective potentiators of BLM than are the aminothiols. The thiol group of WR-1065 and CSM is therefore essential, but insufficient, for explaining the strong enhancement of BLM activity. The cationic nature of CSM and WR-1065, conferred by the amino groups, evidently concentrates the active thiol function at the site of BLM action on DNA. As expected on this basis, the diamine WR-1065 is a more effective potentiator of BLM than is the monoamine CSM, whereas cysteine and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which lack a net positive charge, potentiate BLM only weakly. These studies suggest that potentiation of the clastogenic action of BLM by aminothiols can be explained by the combination of a thiol-mediated redox mechanism and an amine-mediated targeting of the thiol function to DNA. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Coll Holy Cross, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Basic & Appl Res Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Hoffmann, GR (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Biol, 1 Coll St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. NR 79 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2001 VL 37 IS 2 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1002/em.1019 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 419NV UT WOS:000167955900003 PM 11246218 ER PT J AU Jager, HI Chandler, JA Lepla, KB Van Winkle, W AF Jager, HI Chandler, JA Lepla, KB Van Winkle, W TI A theoretical study of river fragmentation by dams and its effects on white sturgeon populations SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE migration; large river; impoundment; reservoir; genetic diversity; population viability analysis; individual-based metapopulation model; Acipenser transmontanus ID LOWER COLUMBIA-RIVER; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; POTENTIAL PRODUCTION; LIFE-HISTORY; BULL TROUT; HABITAT; EXTINCTION; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; FLOW AB Most of the world's large rivers are fragmented by dams. Fragmentation of the river ecosystem alters migration patterns among fish populations and converts free-flowing river to reservoir habitat. In this study, we used an individual-based genetic metapopulation model to study the effects of fragmentation on the population viability and genetic diversity of a large-river fish, the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. In the first of two simulation experiments, we fragmented a 200 km river reach by building 1 to 20 virtual dams. Increased fragmentation produced an exponential decline in the likelihood of persistence, but no extinction threshold to suggest a minimum viable length of river. Compounding isolation with the loss of free-flowing habitat did not further reduce viability until free-flowing habitat was nearly eliminated, at which point extinction was certain. Genetic diversity within (among) populations decreased (increased) as we 'built' the first several dams. Adding more dams caused the number of persisting populations to decline and eroded genetic diversity within and among populations. Our second simulation experiment evaluated the effects of different levels of upstream and downstream migration between river segments. The results of these migration experiments highlighted the importance of balanced migration rates. We found that extinction risk was high for populations linked by high downstream, and low upstream, migration rates, as is often the case in impounded rivers. Our results support the view that migration patterns will play a significant role in determining the viability of riverine fishes, such as the white sturgeon, in river ecosystems fragmented by dams. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Idaho Power Co, Environm Affairs, Aquat Sect, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Boise, ID 83703 USA. RP Jager, HI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jagerhi@ornl.gov NR 56 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 7 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PY 2001 VL 60 IS 4 BP 347 EP 361 DI 10.1023/A:1011036127663 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 414XN UT WOS:000167691600003 ER PT J AU Idachaba, MA Nyavor, K Egiebor, NO Rogers, RD AF Idachaba, MA Nyavor, K Egiebor, NO Rogers, RD TI Microbial stability evaluation of waste containment materials using a biofilm formation approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphate-bonded ceramic; cement/manganese tailings; ceramic-coated metal strips; Thiobacillus thiooxidans; biofilm formation ID STABILIZATION; CONCRETE; CORROSION AB A biofilm formation method was used to evaluate the stability of a phosphate-bonded ceramic (PBC) waste form (waste containment material), a cement/manganese tailings waste form, and a ceramic-coated metal strip, in the presence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. All the waste disposal materials evaluated showed evidence of the growth of biofilm on their surfaces, and exhibited varying degrees of susceptibility to microbial degradation. Two types of PBC waste forms were evaluated, with and without fly ash. The PBC waste form without fly ash exhibited higher instability to microbial degradation than the one with fly ash. The addition of fly ash to the PBC waste form (with fly ash) was shown to improve its stability to microbial degradation. Two formulations of the cement/manganese tailings waste forms were evaluated. These are: 80% cement/20% manganese tailings and 30% cement/70% manganese tailings, The 30% cement/70% manganese tailings formulation showed higher instability to microbial degradation than the 80% cement/20% manganese tailings formulation, The growth of T. thiooxidans on the two manganese containing samples indicates that the presence of manganese did not offer antimicrobial protection. Two sets of ceramic coated metal strips (Yucca 2 and Yucca 4) were evaluated. Both sets showed evidence of instability to microbial degradation, with Yucca 2 showing slightly higher instability than Yucca 4. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Program, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EG&G Idaho Inc, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Idachaba, MA (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Program, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 18 IS 1 BP 25 EP 41 DI 10.1089/109287500750070234 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 405CN UT WOS:000167139800003 ER PT B AU Soldat, KL Thrall, KD AF Soldat, KL Thrall, KD BE Fajzieva, D Brebbie, CA TI Design and evaluation of a breath analysis system for occupational exposure assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on the Impact of Environmental Factors on Health CY SEP, 2001 CL CARDIFF, WALES SP Wessex Inst Technol ID BENZENE AB Exposure assessment is an integral part of industrial hygiene and occupational health. To ensure the health and safety of workers, integrated industrial hygiene methodologies often include biological monitoring strategies. Exhaled breath is an ideal matrix for measuring volatile biomarkers, particularly since the noninvasive collection of breath may improve volunteer participation. A real-time, field-portable system was developed to analyze undiluted exhaled air from experimental animals and humans. The system combines 1) an ion-trap mass spectrometer capable of atmospheric sampling; 2) a breath interface for continual analysis of the exhaled breath stream; 3) chemical dosimeters that are analyzed in the field/workplace; and 4) physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to estimate total exposure and internal target tissue dosimetry. The intent of this development was to provide new instrumentation to evaluate volatile chemical exposures as part of a daily monitoring program. For example, the system was designed to monitor a worker every time they enter and leave a work environment - a vast improvement over current 8-hr integrated monitoring strategies. To evaluate the system in actual work environments, field tests were conducted using volunteers providing exhaled breath samples before and after each specific job task. In these field studies, several volunteers had post-task breath levels higher than pre-task levels. Compared to the breath analysis findings, chemical dosimeters underpredicted exposures, particularly for longer sampling intervals where the volume of air sampled may have diluted exposures. The results of these field studies illustrate the utility of monitoring workers for exposures at numerous times throughout the day, particularly when job-specific tasks may indicate a potential for exposure. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Soldat, KL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-875-9 PY 2001 BP 83 EP 92 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BT43D UT WOS:000172972500009 ER PT J AU Stewart, AJ AF Stewart, AJ TI A simple stream monitoring technique based on measurements of semiconservative properties of water SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stream water-quality monitoring; urban streams; conductivity; alkalinity; hardness ID RECEIVING STREAMS; AMBIENT TOXICITY; CHLORINE; CHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS; FISH; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEM AB Correlative relationships exist among conductivity, alkalinity, and hardness in streams due to natural geological and climatological controls, but the relationships among these three water-quality factors can be altered strongly by inputs of ion-rich wastewaters. The degree of alteration can be monitored conveniently by use of a simple chemical perturbation index, computed by subtracting the sum or rank pairwise correlations among the conductivity, alkalinity, and hardness (for observations on each of these variables, measured through time) from 3.0. The chemical perturbation index can be used to document or characterize spatiotemporal changes in stream water quality. This study explains the development of the index's concept and provides examples of its application in an extensive stream monitoring program used to assess ecological conditions in streams on the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation in east Tennessee, USA. The chemical perturbation index technique may be particularly useful in community-based stream monitoring programs because to its simplicity and low cost. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stewart, AJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s002670010132 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 380UT UT WOS:000165722400004 PM 11083907 ER PT J AU Jones, DW Bjornstad, DJ Redus, KS AF Jones, DW Bjornstad, DJ Redus, KS TI Prioritizing R&D for the US Department of Energy's weapons complex clean-up SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE environmental clean-up; prioritization; R&D AB Prioritizing the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) targeted R&D program supporting weapons-complex clean-up has been problematic. Considering issues common to all R&D evaluation, linking R&D prioritization to clean-up project prioritization, the latter aligned with institutional goals, offers a pragmatic solution. This method is illustrated with results of a clean-up prioritization model of DOE's Oak Ridge National Laboratory site. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Redus & Associates, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Jones, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Bldg 4500N,MS-6205,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1023/A:1011918117779 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 490BH UT WOS:000172030000006 ER PT J AU Burian, SJ Streit, GE McPherson, TN Brown, MJ Turin, HJ AF Burian, SJ Streit, GE McPherson, TN Brown, MJ Turin, HJ TI Modeling the atmospheric deposition and stormwater washoff of nitrogen compounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; stormwater modeling; air quality; water quality ID CONTAINING AIR-POLLUTANTS; DRY DEPOSITION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; PRECIPITATION; QUALITY; WATER; POLLUTION; CHEMISTRY; PROGRAM; ACID AB We investigated the suitability of integrating deterministic models to estimate the relative contributions of atmospheric dry and wet deposition onto an urban surface and the subsequent amounts removed by stormwater runoff. The CIT airshed model and the United States Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) were linked in order to simulate the fate and transport of nitrogen species through the atmosphere and storm drainage system in Los Angeles, California, USA. Coupling CIT and SWMM involved defining and resolving five critical issues: (1) reconciling the different modeling domain sizes, (2) accounting for dry deposition due to plant uptake, (3) estimating the fraction of deposited contaminant available for washoff, (4) defining wet deposition inputs to SWMM, and (5) parameterizing the SWMM washoff algorithm. The CIT-SWMM interface was demonstrated by simulating dry deposition, wet deposition, and stormwater runoff events to represent the time period from November 18, 1987 to December 4, 1987 for a heavily urbanized Los Angeles watershed discharging to Santa Monica Bay. From November 18th to December 3rd the simulated average dry deposition flux of nitrogen was 0.195 kg N/ha-day to the watershed and 0.016 kg N/ha-day to Santa Monica Bay. The simulated rainfall concentrations during the December 4th rainfall event ranged from 3.76 to 8.23 mg/l for nitrate and from 0.067 to 0.220 mg/l for ammonium. The simulated stormwater runoff event mean concentrations from the watershed were 4.86 mg/l and 0.12 mg/l for nitrate and ammonium, respectively. Considering the meteorology during the simulation period, the CIT and SWMM predictions compare well with observations in the Los Angeles area and in other urban areas in the United States. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp EET, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burian, SJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM sburian@engr.uark.edu OI Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835; Burian, Steven/0000-0003-0523-4968 NR 48 TC 19 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 5 BP 467 EP 479 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(01)00027-5 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 439RH UT WOS:000169130500009 ER PT J AU McGrail, BP AF McGrail, BP TI Inverse reactive transport simulator (INVERTS): an inverse model for contaminant transport with nonlinear adsorption and source terms SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE inverse model; nonlinear regression; transport; simulation; adsorption ID FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; PARAMETERS; WASTE AB A numerically based simulator was developed to assist in the interpretation of complex laboratory experiments examining transport processes of chemical and biological contaminants subject to nonlinear adsorption and/or source terms. The inversion is performed with any of three nonlinear regression methods, Marquardt-Levenberg, conjugate gradient, or quasi-Newton. The governing equations for the problem are solved by the method of finite-differences including any combination of three boundary conditions: 1) Dirichlet, 2) Neumann, and 3) Cauchy. The dispersive terms in the transport equations were solved using the second-order accurate in time and space Crank-Nicolson scheme, while the advective terms were handled using a third-order in time and space, total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme that damps spurious oscillations around sharp concentration fronts. The numerical algorithms were implemented in the computer code INVERTS, which runs on any standard personal computer. Apart from a comprehensive set of test problems, INVERTS was also used to model the elution of a nonradioactive tracer, Re-185, in a pressurized unsaturated flow (PUF) experiment with a simulated waste glass for low-activity waste immobilization. Interpretation of the elution profile was best described with a nonlinear kinetic model for adsorption. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Geol & Geochem Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Geol & Geochem Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pete.mcgrail@pnl.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 8 BP 711 EP 723 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(01)00035-4 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 494GC UT WOS:000172272500004 ER PT J AU Chou, CJ O'Brien, RF Barnett, DB AF Chou, CJ O'Brien, RF Barnett, DB TI Application of intrawell testing of RCRA groundwater monitoring data when no upgradient well exists SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE combined Shewhart-CUSUM control chart; groundwater monitoring; RCRA AB A statistical quality control approach to detect changes in groundwater quality from a regulated waste unit is described. The approach applies the combined Shewhart-CUSUM control chart methodology for intrawell comparison of analyte concentrations over time and does not require an upgradient well. A case study from the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site is used for illustration purposes. This method is broadly applicable in groundwater monitoring programs where there is no clearly defined upgradient location, the groundwater flow rate is exceptionally slow, or where a high degree of spatial variability exists in parameter concentrations. This study also indicates that the use of the Data Quality Objectives (DQO) process can assist in designing an efficient and cost-effective groundwater monitoring plan to achieve the optimum goal of both low false positive and low false negative rates (high power). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chou, CJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PY 2001 VL 71 IS 1 BP 91 EP 106 DI 10.1023/A:1011647913366 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468XB UT WOS:000170782500006 PM 11589498 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA Roe, JH Snodgrass, JW Jackson, BP Kling, DE Rowe, CL Congdon, JD AF Hopkins, WA Roe, JH Snodgrass, JW Jackson, BP Kling, DE Rowe, CL Congdon, JD TI Nondestructive indices of trace element exposure in squamate reptiles SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE reptiles; snakes; coal combustion; selenium; nondestructive indices ID COAL COMBUSTION WASTE; BULLFROGS RANA-CATESBEIANA; STANDARD METABOLIC-RATE; BUFO-TERRESTRIS; CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANES; ORAL DEFORMITIES; SOUTHERN TOADS; SNAKES; ASH; TADPOLES AB Compared with birds, mammals, fish, and even amphibians, very little is known about the effects of contaminants on reptiles. Recent evidence that many reptile populations may be declining has stimulated demand for toxicological studies of reptiles as well as development of nondestructive sampling techniques useful for assessing and monitoring contaminant exposure. The current study experimentally evaluated the utility of shed skins, tail clips, and blood samples as nondestructive indices of trace element exposure in banded water snakes, Nerodia fasciata. For 13.5 months, snakes were either fed fish from a coal ash-contaminated site or uncontaminated food from a reference site. Snakes fed contaminated prey accumulated As, Cd, Se, Sr, and V in various organs (i.e. liver, kidney, and/or gonads). Moreover, non-parametric discriminant function analysis revealed that snakes could be placed in two groups that reliably reflected their experimental diet based upon Se, Sr, and As concentrations in tail clips, blood, and/or shed skins. We suggest that nondestructive sampling techniques, particularly analyses of blood and tail clips, may be easily applied in evaluations of contaminant exposure in the field and laboratory and may prevent excessive destructive sampling of potentially threatened reptile species. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Towson State Univ, Dept Biol, Towson, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Rowe, Christopher/D-5271-2012; Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016 NR 37 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 115 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00098-7 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476PT UT WOS:000171238500001 PM 11586765 ER PT J AU Isebrands, JG McDonald, EP Kruger, E Hendrey, G Percy, K Pregitzer, K Sober, J Karnosky, DF AF Isebrands, JG McDonald, EP Kruger, E Hendrey, G Percy, K Pregitzer, K Sober, J Karnosky, DF TI Growth responses of Populus tremuloides clones to interacting elevated carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE global climate change; Aspen; shoot dieback; FACE; CO2; O-3 ID SOIL-N AVAILABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ASPEN CLONES; AIR-POLLUTANTS; GAS-EXCHANGE; FOREST TREES; O-3; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ALLOCATION; NITROGEN AB The Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric ozone (O-3) are increasing concomitantly globally,, Little is known about the effect of these interacting gases on growth, survival, and productivity of forest ecosystems. In this study we assess the effects of three successive years of exposure to combinations of elevated CO2 and O-3 on growth responses in a five trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) clonal mixture in a regenerating stand. The experiment is located in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA (45 degrees N 89 degreesW) and employs free air carbon dioxide and ozone enrichment (FACE) technology. The aspen stand was exposed to a factorial combination of four treatments consisting of elevated CO2 (560 ppm), elevated O-3 (episodic exposure-90 mul l(-1) hour(-1)), a combination of elevated CO2 and O-3, and ambient control in 30 m treatment rings with three replications. Our overall results showed that our three growth parameters including height, diameter and volume were increased by elevated CO2, decreased by elevated O-3, and were not significantly different from the ambient control under elevated CO2 + O-3. However, there were significant clonal differences in the responses; all five clones exhibited increased growth with elevated CO2, one clone showed an increase with elevated O-3, and two clones showed an increase over the control with elevated CO2 + O-3, two clones showed a decrease, and one was not significantly different from the control. Notably, there was a significant increase in current terminal shoot dieback with elevated CO2 during the 1999-2000 dormant season. Dieback, was especially prominent in two of the five clones, and was attributed to those clones growing longer into the autumnal season where they were subject to frost. Our results show that elevated O-3 negates expected Positive growth effects of elevated CO2 in Populus tremuloides in the field, and suggest that future climate model predictions should take into account the offsetting effects of elevated O-3 on CO2 enrichment when estimating future growth of trembling aspen stands. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Isebrands, JG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 54 TC 107 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 115 IS 3 BP 359 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00227-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500MJ UT WOS:000172631100004 PM 11789918 ER PT J AU Lindroth, RL Kopper, BJ Parsons, WFJ Bockheim, JG Karnosky, DF Hendrey, GR Pregitzer, KS Isebrands, JG Sober, J AF Lindroth, RL Kopper, BJ Parsons, WFJ Bockheim, JG Karnosky, DF Hendrey, GR Pregitzer, KS Isebrands, JG Sober, J TI Consequences of elevated carbons dioxide and ozone for foliar chemical composition and dynamics in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Betula papyrifera; carbon dioxides; C : N ratios; decomposition; FACE; litter quality; nitrogen resorption efficiency; ozone; phytochemistry; Populus tremuloides; tannins ID INSECT PERFORMANCE; SECONDARY METABOLITES; DECIDUOUS TREES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; PLANT-TISSUES; PENDULA ROTH; PHYTOCHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; RESORPTION AB Atmospheric chemical composition affects foliar chemical composition, which in turn influences the dynamics of both herbivory and decomposition in ecosystems. We assessed the independent and interactive effects of CO2 and O-3 fumigation on foliar chemistry of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) at a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility in northern Wisconsin. Leaf samples were collected at five time, periods during a single growing season, and analyzed for nitrogen, starch and condensed tannin concentrations, nitrogen resorption efficiencies (NREs), and C:N ratios. Enriched CO2 reduced foliar nitrogen concentrations in aspen and birch; O-3 only marginally reduced nitrogen concentrations. NREs were unaffected by pollution treatment in aspen, declined with O-3 exposure in birch, and this decline was ameliorated by enriched CO2- C:N ratios of abscised leaves increased in response to enriched CO2 in both tree species. O-3 did not significantly alter C:N ratios in aspen, although values tended to be higher in + CO2 + O-3 leaves. For birch, O-3 decreased C:N ratios under ambient CO2 and increased C:N ratios under elevated CO2. Thus, under the combined pollutants. the C:N ratios of both aspen and birch leaves were elevated above the averaged responses to the individual and independent trace gas treatments. Starch concentrations were largely unresponsive to CO2 and O-3 treatments in aspen, but increased in response to elevated CO2 in birch. Levels of condensed tannins were negligibly affected by CO2 and O-3 treatments in aspen, but increased in response to enriched CO, in birch. Results from this work suggest that changes in foliar chemical composition elicited by enriched CO2 are likely to impact herbivory and decomposition, whereas the effects Of O-3 are likely to be minor, except in cases where they influence plant response to CO2. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Lab 227, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biosyst & Proc Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Lindroth, RL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Lab 227, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Lindroth, Richard/A-8538-2009 OI Lindroth, Richard/0000-0003-4587-7255 NR 50 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 115 IS 3 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00229-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500MJ UT WOS:000172631100006 PM 11789920 ER PT J AU Wustman, BA Oksanen, E Karnosky, DF Noormets, A Isebrands, JG Pregitzer, KS Hendrey, GR Sober, J Podila, GK AF Wustman, BA Oksanen, E Karnosky, DF Noormets, A Isebrands, JG Pregitzer, KS Hendrey, GR Sober, J Podila, GK TI Effects of elevated CO2 and O-3 on aspen clones varying in O-3 sensitivity: can CO2 ameliorate the harmful effects of O-3? SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE aantioxidants; aspen; carbon dioxide; FACE; oxidative stress; ozone; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; pigments; Rubisco ID ENVIRONMENT ALTERS RESPONSE; BEECH FAGUS-SYLVATICA; ACER-SACCHARUM MARSH; HYBRID POPULUS L; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; CELL-DEATH; ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYMES; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AB To determine whether elevated CO2 reduces or exacerbates the detrimental effects of O-3 on aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), aspen clones 216 and 271 (O-3 tolerant), and 259 (O-3 sensitive) were exposed to ambient levels of CO2 and O-3 or elevated levels of CO2, O-3, or CO2 + O-3 in the FACTS II (Aspen FACE) experiment, and physiological and molecular responses were measured and compared. Clone 259, the most O-3-sensitive clone, showed the greatest amount of visible foliar symptoms as well as significant decreases in chlorophyll, carotenoid, starch, and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) concentrations and transcription levels for the Rubisco small subunit, Generally, the constitutive (basic) transcript levels for phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) and the average antioxidant activities were lower for the ozone sensitive clone 259 as compared to the more tolerant 216 and 271 clones. A significant decrease in chlorophyll a, b and total (a + b) concentrations in CO2, O-3, and CO2+ O-3 plants was observed for all clones. Carotenoid concentrations were also significantly lower in all clones, however, CHS transcript levels were not significantly affected, suggesting a possible degradation of carotenoid pigments in O-3-stressed plants. Antioxidant activities and PAL and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-oxidase transcript levels showed a general increase in all O-3 treated clones, while remaining low in CO2 arid CO2+O3 plants (although not all differences were significant). Our results suggest that the ascorbate-glutathione and phenylpropanoid pathways were activated under ozone stress and suppressed during exposure to elevated CO2. Although CO2+O3 treatment resulted in a slight reduction Of O-3-induced leaf injury, it did not appear to ameliorate all of the harmful affects of O-3 and, in fact, may have contributed to an increase in chloroplast damage in all three aspen clones. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Kuopio, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Kuopio 70211, Finland. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, USAD, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Environm Biol & Instrumentat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Podila, GK (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111 NR 55 TC 71 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 115 IS 3 BP 473 EP 481 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00236-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500MJ UT WOS:000172631100013 PM 11789927 ER PT J AU Holt, BD Heraty, LJ Sturchio, NC AF Holt, BD Heraty, LJ Sturchio, NC TI Extraction of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons from groundwater at micromolar concentrations for isotopic analysis of chlorine SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE extraction; chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons; water; chlorine isotope analysis ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; CARBON AB A method is described for near-quantitative extraction of micromolar concentrations of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) from water for determination of chlorine (Cl) isotope ratios. A low pressure, carrier-gas procedure of extraction was proven to be applicable to CH2Cl2, CCl4, C2H2Cl2, and C2HCl3. The pH of the water was adjusted with NaOH to prevent extraction of CO2 from air and/or dissolved inorganic carbonate species. Recoveries of CAH samples (similar to 15 mu mol), added to and extracted from similar to 340 ml of water, averaged similar to 96%. Average changes in the delta Cl-37 values of the CAHs, attributable to the extraction process, were -0.01 +/-0.06 parts per thousand. Significant isotopic fractionation of Cl was measured during partial extraction of C2CHCl3 from water, indicating that near-quantitative extraction is required for reliable stable Cl isotope analysis of CAHs. This method is also suitable for the extraction of dissolved CAH for gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometric measurements of hydrogen and carbon. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sturchio, NC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 203,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 113 IS 3 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00191-3 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 442EA UT WOS:000169271200003 PM 11428134 ER PT J AU Gray, BR Hill, WR Stewart, AJ AF Gray, BR Hill, WR Stewart, AJ TI Effects of development time, biomass and ferromanganese oxides on nickel sorption by stream periphyton SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE development time; iron oxides; manganese oxides; nickel; periphyton ID MANGANESE OXIDES; HEAVY-METALS; BIOACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS; AUFWUCHS; CADMIUM; RIVER; ACCUMULATION; DISSOLUTION; HERBIVORES AB Procedurally defined periphyton frequently includes substantial quantities of hydrous iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) oxides. As these oxides are strong sorbers of heavy metals, their presence may complicate estimation of metal bioaccumulation by periphyton. We examined the relationship between nickel (Ni) sorption and the development time, biomass, and Fe and Mn oxide content of stream periphyton. Development time, the time during which periphyton accrued on submerged tile substrata, was used to provide variation in biomass, Fe and Mn levels. Stream periphyton from four development times was exposed to Ni for 2 h in the laboratory, and then ashed. Development time was significantly associated with ash-free dry mass (AFDM), Fe and Mn levels (ANOVA, P less than or equal to0.003). Ni extracted by a mild reductant (hydroxylamine hydrochloride) was significantly associated with development time, and with AFDM, Fe and Mn levels (linear models, P less than or equal to0.0002). A subsequent acid digestion yielded similar associations with the same variables (linear models, P less than or equal to0.0001). For both extractions, AFDM was significantly and positively correlated with Fe (r = 0.68 and 0.89) and with Mn (r = 0.77 and 0.93) (Spearman rank, P less than or equal to0.005). These data demonstrate the importance of periphyton development time in influencing both metal sorption and levels of biomass and ferromanganese oxides. The data also suggest that metal contaminant levels in periphyton should not be attributed automatically to biotic sorption. Periphyton metal-accumulation studies conducted where ferromanganese oxide concentrations are elevated should address the potential metal-sorbing roles of Fe and Mn oxides within the periphyton matrix. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gray, BR (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. OI stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 58 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 112 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00095-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 389QH UT WOS:000166248900008 PM 11202655 ER PT J AU MacLeod, M Woodfine, DG Mackay, D McKone, T Bennett, D Maddalena, R AF MacLeod, M Woodfine, DG Mackay, D McKone, T Bennett, D Maddalena, R TI BETR North America: A regionally segmented multimedia contaminant fate model for North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Berkeley-Trent North America model; BETR (Berkeley-Trent) North America model; fugacity; Geographical Information Systems (GIS); GIS; long-range transport; model; North America; persistent organic pollutants (POPs); POPs ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CHEMICAL FATE; ENVIRONMENT; RANGE AB We present the Berkeley-Trent North American contaminant fate model (BETR North America), a regionally segmented multimedia contaminant fate model based on the fugacity concept. The model is built on a framework that links contaminant fare models of individual regions, and is generally applicable to large, spatially heterogeneous areas. The North American environment is modeled as 24 ecological regions, within each region contaminant fate is described using a 7 compartment multimedia fugacity model including a vertically segmented atmosphere, freshwater, freshwater sediment, soil, coastal water and vegetation compartments. Inter-regional transport of contaminants in the atmosphere, freshwater and coastal water is described using a database of hydrological and meteorological data compiled with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) techniques. Steady-state and dynamic solutions to the 168 mass balance equations that make up the linked model for North America are discussed, and an illustrative case study of toxaphene transport from the southern United States to the Great Lakes Basin is presented. Regionally segmented models such as BETR North America can provide a critical link between evaluative models of long-range transport potential and contaminant concentrations observed in remote regions. The continent-scale mass balance calculated by the model provides a sound basis for evaluating long-range transport potential of organic pollutants, and formulation of continent-scale management and regulatory strategies for chemicals. C1 Trent Univ, Canadian Environm Modelling Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP MacLeod, M (reprint author), Trent Univ, Canadian Environm Modelling Ctr, 1600 Westbank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RI MacLeod, Matthew/D-5919-2013 OI MacLeod, Matthew/0000-0003-2562-7339 NR 26 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 39 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1007/BF02987379 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 457MK UT WOS:000170141100003 PM 11505899 ER PT J AU Young, AL Wood, DE AF Young, AL Wood, DE TI Editorial: The unacknowledged transfer of risk SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Cold War; DOE : United States Department of Energy; EM : Environmental Management Program; unacknowledged transfer of risk C1 US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Gaea Tech Serv, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Young, AL (reprint author), US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM alvin.young@ch.doe.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2001 SI 1 BP 5 EP 6 DI 10.1065/espr2001.11.099 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AD UT WOS:000202839500001 ER PT J AU MacDonell, M AF MacDonell, M TI Preventing unnecessary risks for cleanup workers SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE DOE : United States Department of Energy; EM : Environmental Management Program; unacknowledged transfer of risk C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP MacDonell, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM macdonell@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2001 SI 1 BP 7 EP 8 DI 10.1065/espr2001.11.099.1 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AD UT WOS:000202839500002 ER PT J AU MacDonell, M Peterson, J Monette, F Picel, M Hartmann, H AF MacDonell, M Peterson, J Monette, F Picel, M Hartmann, H TI Incorporating worker risk information into cleanup decisions for contaminated sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Department of Energy cleanup program; environmental risk; public risk; remedial actions; unacknowledlged transfer of risk; worker risk AB Thousands of individual sites across the United States were chemically and radioactively contaminated as a result of processing and disposal activities that began more than 50 years ago, before we understood the potential for environmental damage and human health risk from extant waste management practices. Hundreds of these sites were used for research and production in support of the national defense mission, including facilities managed by and for the U.S. Department of Energy. An extensive federal cleanup program is underway to develop appropriate environmental management responses for these facilities, following the general framework developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for Superfund sites. Risks estimated for the public, workers, and ecological resources as part of this EPA framework are intended to serve as input to the overall cleanup plans. Methods and data exist to predict risks for workers involved in common cleanup activities, such as excavation and transportation of wastes for disposal. While worker risks have not often been the driving factor in determining whether active cleanup measures are taken, in certain cases, results of the worker risk analyses have been used to guide the response actions and develop activity-specific protection plans. This paper identifies approaches used to estimate worker risks and illustrates ways to present the results in a manner that can effective]), inform cleanup decisions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP MacDonell, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM macdonell@anl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2001 SI 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1065/espr2001.11.099.1.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AD UT WOS:000202839500004 ER PT J AU Edelson, MC Morris, SC Daisey, JM AF Edelson, MC Morris, SC Daisey, JM TI Insights on worker safety and health issues SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE clean-up decisions; remediaton; restoration; stakeholders; unacknowledged transfer of risk; worker health; worker risk; worker safety AB Goal and Background. In 1990, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Laboratory Directors' Environmental and Occupational/ Public Health Standards Steering Group (SSG) was formed to help establish 'risk' as an organizing principle for environmental cleanup. It was hoped that risk-based cleanup standards would rationalize how clean up work was prioritized within DOE programs and that the SSG could initiate changes to lead to the incorporation of such standards. Whereas the DOE environmental management program was often said to reduce risks, it was clear that disturbing contaminated sites or buildings could put workers at risk. In a real sense, the site remediation process involves the transfer of a hypothetical risk to the environment and the public from isolated contamination into real risks to the workers engaged in the remediation activities. The SSG sought to understand how such risks were managed and how DOE could act to further control and reduce such risks. Over the course of two years, the SSG intensively studied worker safety and health issues associated with environmental remediation activities. The goal of this paper is to summarize the insights gained from this study. Scope. This article reports on the insights resulting from three separate meetings involving workers, their representatives, experts in risk analysis and communication, and site representatives. A commonality was found between the situation facing workers involved in the remediation of DOE and DOD sites and one meeting was cosponsored by the US Air Force. Conclusions. Reduction of risks to the environment and the public is the primary motivation for remedial action. The risks that are incurred by workers during the different phases of a remediation project are seldom considered in determining whether such projects are initiated. Thus, while environmental restoration is driven by the need to protect against hypothetical future risks, less weight is given to exposing workers against real and immediate hazards to their person. Workers have not generally been accorded the same right to participate in cleanup decisions as other important stakeholders and, sadly, both management and workers themselves do not seem to value safety highly. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Walden Univ, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Edelson, MC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM edelson@ameslab.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2001 SI 1 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1065/espr2001.11.099.7 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AD UT WOS:000202839500005 ER PT J AU Kenoyer, JL Andrews, WB Stenner, RD AF Kenoyer, JL Andrews, WB Stenner, RD TI Monitoring and predicting worker risk SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hazards; performance indicators; performance measures; risk; safety; unacknowledged transfer of risk; worker risk AB Objectives. The purpose of this work was to identify current methods being used in the DOE Complex to measure, document, evaluate, and to ultimately reduce worker risk over the long term and to develop and evaluate a method that could be used to predict the risk to workers for future, planned work. As worker risk is reduced, the risk to both the local community and environment is also reduced. The cost to perform the work could increase as safety issues are addressed. However, the relative importance of protecting the worker while performing the required tasks must be maintained. Methods. Methods of measurement and documentation of risk and hazards to workers include the development and completion of job hazard analyses, the development of relative risk factors for different tasks, the performance of workplace safety walkthroughs, and the direct communication with the workers. All of these concepts are included in the process of integrated safety management. These have been implemented in the process used at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) (Refer to http://integratedesh.pnl.gov/ links.htm) and other DOE laboratories. Safety metrics or performance measures are used to document the level of safety on each of the DOE sites. These can include items such as the total number of work-related recordable incidences, number of lost workdays, number of restricted workdays, incident case rate, number of reportable skin and personal clothing contamination incidences, number of occurrence reports, etc. Following these over time allows conclusions about which risk reduction steps make a difference. The system used by the DOE to document the accident statistics is the Computerized Accident/Incident Reporting System (CAIRS). Strengths of this type of statistical system include: 1) Data from all DOE sites are available; 2) Relative hazard weighting factors are standardized; and 3) Comparisons can be made between projects, programs, and facilities on a single site or between sites. Weaknesses include: 1) Near misses are not recorded; 2) The system does not grade within severity of injuries; 3) The system ignores proactive steps; 4) The focus is on acute accident situations, not chronic illnesses; 5) Record- keeping rules may not be consistent across the DOE Complex; and 6) Not all accidents are reported; so, some data are left out of the database. Results and Discussion. The CAIRS can also be used to 'predict' the level of worker risk for future tasks. It has been shown that the equation used for the cost index (or relative physical hazard index) can be used for a baseline year and the level of risk in future years estimated based on labor and relative hazard risk factors. This is the preliminary model used to estimate the risk to workers on an example (real) project over the next 20 years. A more complex model has been developed using parameters such as the types of work being performed and associated work factors, types of workers, worker training and experience levels, worker's past safety records, personnel turnover rates, new technology development, and ISM system improvements. Conclusions. Conclusions from this study include: 1) Worker safety on DOE sites does appear to getting better but in some areas the data show what could be interpreted as a plateau in improvement; 2) Statistical reporting systems like CAIRS have strengths and weaknesses, which must be understood to interpret the performance indicators; 3) Behavior-based principles that increase worker involvement as part of an Integrated Safety Management System appears to enhance the process; and 4) The methodology developed to predict the risk to workers for future tasks shows promise. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stenner, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, 520 3rd St,K3-54, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.stenner@pnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2001 SI 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1065/espr2001.11.099.5 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AD UT WOS:000202839500006 ER PT J AU McGinn, W Moyer, JH Bloom, LD AF McGinn, W Moyer, JH Bloom, LD TI Integrated worker risk evaluation system SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE evaluation system, worker risk; remediation; unacknowledged transfer of risk; waste management; web-based evaluation system; worker risk, evaluation system; worker safety AB This paper presents the concept for an integrated web-based system in support of the assessment and information needs associated with worker safety. We believe that there is a need for improvement in DOE's approach to worker risk and that the proposed integrated worker risk system is a sound foundation for continued growth in this area. The theme is that DOE has not been negligent in the area of worker safety, but that the Department is so focused on dealing with the day-to-day concerns that there has been little opportunity to consider issues on a broader scale. Several key needs in the worker safety area are identified: 1) There is a need for accurate predictive models to ensure the selection of the safest cleanup technologies. In addition, there is a need to integrate predictive worker risk models into the decision process to enable the transfer of risk from regulatory endpoints to workers to be addressed. 2) The Integrated Safety Management System would benefit from a common support infrastructure and tools to enable worker safety integration to become a reality. 3) There are many worker safety databases paid for by the DOE; however, accessing this data for predictive modeling or broader application is difficult. There is no single clearinghouse from which to obtain this information and it is often only available for internal use. The objectives of a worker risk system are to provide an online repository for resources and applications, as well as the comprehension to identify and address critical data gaps in methods and science needed to improve the assessment process. Specifically, it will provide databases, tools and models enabling the consistent analysis of worker risks associated with exposures and accidents as a result of the implementation of remediation, waste management, or surveillance and maintenance activities. The online capability to assess risks to workers involved in ongoing operations will enable the information to be easily accessed and provide a platform for the comparison of worker, public and environmental risks. This system would support the DOE mandate to work safely and ensure that risk information is readily available in support of the Integrated Safety Management Process. The importance and timeliness of this effort is emphasized by the fact that many EM facilities are rapidly heading into the cleanup phase when worker risks are drastically increased. There is no better time for such an invaluable tool. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McGinn, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcginncw@ornl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2001 SI 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1065/espr2001.11.099.3 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AD UT WOS:000202839500007 ER PT J AU Travis, C Young, A Dionisio, M AF Travis, C Young, A Dionisio, M TI Worker risk as a factor in technology selection SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE behavior-based safety; environmental cleanup; heat stress management; technology development; technology safety data sheets; unacknowledged transfer of risk; worker safety and health AB The DOE remediation program is the largest and most technically challenging cleanup in history. Given the complex and unprecedented nature of the task, it is certain that, without proper foresight, worker risk will be high. In addition, the innovative nature of many of the new technologies will pose challenges with regard to worker education and training. Thus, early consideration of the potential impact of new technologies on worker health and safety is a major need of the EM technology development program. Safety and health considerations should be factored into the technology development process as early as possible. Major focal points for technology safety improvement are the technology developer, who is in the best position to systematically identify and address safety hazards early in the development process, and the OST internal and external technical review process that occurs at major funding decision points. The earlier in the development process that potential hazards are identified and controlled, the greater the protection afforded to workers and the greater the cost savings for developers. The focus should be on elimination or substitution of hazardous processes associated with the technology rather than building barriers between workers and hazards. C1 Quest Technol, Knoxville, TN 37909 USA. US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Travis, C (reprint author), Quest Technol, Knoxville, TN 37909 USA. EM traviscc@icx.net NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2001 SI 1 BP 52 EP 55 DI 10.1065/espr2001.11.099.2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AD UT WOS:000202839500008 ER PT J AU Collazo, YT Taboas, AL Moghissi, AA AF Collazo, YT Taboas, AL Moghissi, AA TI An independent peer review process for environmental technology SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DOE clean-up technologies; environmental management; environmental technology; independent peer review; peer review process; technology investment decision model; unacknowledged transfer of risk; worker safety AB The Office of Science and Technology of US Department of Energy's (DOE) Environmental Management Program, manages what is perhaps the world's largest research and demonstration program in environmental technology. A novel Independent Peer Review Program (PRP) was instituted in 1996. The PRP has demonstrated significant value in response to external criticism and review, as well as an invaluable management tool. From the onset, the PRP has been managed by a competent and credible organization that is independent of the DOE. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the Institute for Regulatory Science, both independent non-profit organizations, manage the program. The PRP provides decision-makers with uniform, independent, and unimpeachable technical reviews to assess the scientific and engineering merit of technology development in support of environmental restoration. A key component of this assessment is to evaluate the impact of the new technology on reducing risks of workers involved in environmental restoration. The PRP process involves establishing a Review Panel tailored for each specific peer review, which is disbanded once the review is completed. The success of the PRP depends primarily upon the careful selection of peer review criteria. General criteria are identified and used to assign specific criteria for review of each project. The general categories of criteria are technical validity; relevancy; economics; safety, risk, and related topics; personnel and facilities; and overall assessment. The product of the technical peer review is a Technical Peer Review Report, which also incorporates DOE's response to the report of the Review Panel. The report is included in an ASME Annual Report, which includes the final reports for all peer reviews conducted during the year. Over 175 technology projects have been peer reviewed to date, with 30-40 technologies being reviewed each year. About six percent of the technologies reviewed are rejected as result of the reviews. This paper discusses details of the DOE's peer review program and its contributions to the improvement of its technology development program. Furthermore, it addresses how the DOE was able to gain the insight and analysis of experts in an unbiased setting, therefore providing its stakeholders with better results for their investment. C1 US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US DOE, Off Program & Project Management, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Regulatory Sci, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Collazo, YT (reprint author), US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yvette.collazo@ch.doe.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2001 SI 1 BP 56 EP 61 DI 10.1065/espr2001.11.099.9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AD UT WOS:000202839500009 ER PT J AU Hocking, EK AF Hocking, EK TI Intergenerational equity and environmental restoration cleanup levels SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chain of obligation; intergenerational equity; intergenerational inequity; precautionary principle; stewardship; sustainability principle; trustee principle; unacknowledged transfer or risk AB The United States Department of Energy environmental restoration program faces difficult decisions about the levels of cleanup to be achieved at its many contaminated sites and has acknowledged the need for considering intergenerational equity in its decision making. Intergenerational equity refers to the fairness of access to resources across generations. Environmental restoration cleanup levels can have unintended and unfair consequences for future generations' access to resources. The potentially higher costs associated with using low, non-risk-based cleanup levels for remediation may divert funding from other activities that could have a greater beneficial impact on future generations. Low, non-risk-based cleanup levels could also result in more damage to the nation's resources than would occur if a higher cleanup level were used. The loss or impairment of these resources could have an inequitable effect on future generations. However, intergenerational inequity could arise if sites are not completely restored and if access to and use of natural and cultural resources are unfairly limited as a result of residual contamination. In addition to concerns about creating possible intergenerational inequities related to selected cleanup levels, the tremendous uncertainties associated with sites and their restoration can lead site planners to rely on stewardship by default. An ill-conceived stewardship program can contribute to intergenerational inequity by limiting access to resources while passing on risks to future generations and not preparing them for those risks. This paper presents a basic model and process for designing stewardship programs that can achieve equity among generations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Hocking, EK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 955 LEnfant Plaza SW,Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM ehocking@anl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2001 SI 1 BP 68 EP 72 DI 10.1065/espr2001.11.099.6 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AD UT WOS:000202839500011 ER PT J AU Powers, SE Rice, D Dooher, B Alvarez, PJJ AF Powers, SE Rice, D Dooher, B Alvarez, PJJ TI Will ethanol-blended gasoline affect groundwater quality? Using ethanol instead of MTBE as a gasoline oxygenate could be less harmful to the environment. SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BTEX C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Chem & Biol Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Protect Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Powers, SE (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 20 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 24A EP 30A DI 10.1021/es012247h PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390QV UT WOS:000166308600012 PM 11352021 ER PT J AU Liu, CX Zachara, JM AF Liu, CX Zachara, JM TI Uncertainties of monod kinetic parameters nonlinearly estimated from batch experiments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE TRANSPORT; CHEMOSTAT CULTURES; MODEL; BIODEGRADATION; LIMITATIONS; RESPONSES; GROWTH; SINGLE AB Monod kinetic parameters (K-s, mu (max), and Y) that are estimated from batch experimental data can have large uncertainties due to linear correlations between them. The degree of correlation and the resulting uncertainties of the Monod parameters a re functions of the initial experimental conditions, the values of the parameters, the type and magnitude of measurement errors, and the sampling number. Careful manipulation of experimental conditions can reduce the correlations between Monod parameters allowing for the estimation of Monod kinetic parameters with the lowest degree of uncertainty. By dimensionless analysis, the correlation and relative standard deviations of Monod parameters were found to be functions of a few dimensionless variables involving the initial substrate (S-0) and cell (X-0) concentrations. Quantitative relationships were analyzed between the dimensionless variables acid the correlation and the uncertainties of the Monod para meters. This analysis allowed for identification of the optimal experimental conditions for estimating Monod parameters under both no growth and growth conditions coupled with two kinds of measurement errors: those with constant absolute standard deviation and those with constant relative standard deviation. Examples involving the microbial reduction of iron(III) as an electron acceptor are used to illustrate the application of the developed technique. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, CX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; OI Liu, Chongxuan/0000-0002-2180-6770 NR 34 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1021/es001261b PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390QV UT WOS:000166308600033 PM 11351998 ER PT J AU Hertwich, EG McKone, TE AF Hertwich, EG McKone, TE TI Pollutant-specific scale of multimedia models and its implications for the potential dose SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION MODEL; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; ALPHA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; SPATIAL RANGE; PERSISTENCE; TRANSPORT; FATE AB The spatial range is a generic indicator for how far pollutants are likely to travel. It also indicates the appropriate, pollutant-specific area of a multimedia model, which is the square of the spatial range. Formulations of the spatial range can be based on advective or dispersive transport. They differ in whether they take the extent and shape of the earth's surface into account. We suggest the common element of the different approaches is that all account for the persistence and mobility of pollutants. The mobility is the expected travel speed and depends on the partitioning. This paper extends the concept of a pollutant-specific model scale through the introduction of a characteristic atmospheric scale height. It is the height of the atmosphere that would be needed to contain all the pollutant if the entire atmosphere had ground-level concentration, taking into account deposition and degradation. We define the spatial range as the expected advection-driven travel distance of a pollutant molecule released to a specific compartment. This novel analytical formulation is more comprehensive but encompasses all previous advection-based proposals of a spatial range. We evaluate the spatial range and scale height of 288 chemicals for releases to air, surface water, and surface soil. We find a strong correlation between the spatial range for air releases and the scale height because both depend on persistence. We investigate the effect of the spatial scale on calculations of the human toxicity potential, a screening-level risk indicator based on toxicity and potential dose. The product of model area and potential dose is found to be the same for calculations using a fixed model area and those using the pollutant-specific spatial scale. The introduction of the scale height, however, can change the potential dose by more than 1 order of magnitude. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, LCA Lab, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hertwich, EG (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, LCA Lab, Kolbjorn Hejes Vei 2B, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1021/es9911061 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390QV UT WOS:000166308600034 PM 11352000 ER PT J AU Stratton, WJ Lindberg, SE Perry, CJ AF Stratton, WJ Lindberg, SE Perry, CJ TI Atmospheric mercury speciation: Laboratory and field evaluation of a mist chamber method for measuring reactive gaseous mercury SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR; CHEMISTRY; CHLORINE; MODEL; EXCHANGE; VAPOR AB Knowledge of atmospheric mercury speciation is critical to modeling its fate. Thus there is a crucial need for reliable methods to measure the fraction of gaseous atmospheric Hg which is in the oxidized Hg(II) form (termed reactive gaseous mercury, RGM). We have developed a novel method for measurement of RGM using a refluxing mist chamber, and we recently reported the results of sampling campaigns for RGM in Tennessee and Indiana. In general, measured RGM levels were about 3% of total gaseous mercury (TGM), and our results support prevailing hypotheses about the nature and behavior of RGM in ambient air. Because its use for RGM is growing, we now report in more detail the development and testing of the mist chamber method. Several styles of mist chambers have been investigated. The most versatile design employs a single nebulizer nozzle and can operate at flows of 15-20 L/min. The water-soluble Hg is collected in ca. 20 mt of absorbing solution, which is then analyzed for Hg(II) by SnCl2 reduction and CVAFS. One-hour samples (ca. 1 m(3) of air) generally contain 50-200 pg of RGM. The method detection limit for 1-h samples is approximately 6-10 pg/m(3). Thus short sample times can reveal temporal variations in RGM that would not otherwise be observable. The efficiency of collecting RGM in mist chambers is highly dependent on Cl- concentration in the absorbing solution, in keeping with equilibrium calculations. Artifact formation of Hg(II) by oxidation of Hg-0 under ozone ambient conditions appears to be sufficiently slow so as to be negligible for the Short (ca. 1 h) runs that are typically employed. We observed no significant error from cosampled particles or aerosols in rural nonimpacted air samples. We have developed a simple approach to analyzing mist chamber samples in the field using an automated Hg sampler. C1 Earlham Coll, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 2UE, Scotland. RP Stratton, WJ (reprint author), Earlham Coll, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1021/es001260j PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390QV UT WOS:000166308600038 PM 11352006 ER PT J AU Johnson, WP Zhang, P Fuller, ME Scheibe, TD Mailloux, BJ Onstott, TC Deflaun, MF Hubbard, SS Radtke, J Kovacik, WP Holben, W AF Johnson, WP Zhang, P Fuller, ME Scheibe, TD Mailloux, BJ Onstott, TC Deflaun, MF Hubbard, SS Radtke, J Kovacik, WP Holben, W TI Ferrographic tracking of bacterial transport in the field at the Narrow Channel focus area, Oyster, VA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER AB The first results from an innovative bacterial tracking technique, ferrographic capture, applied to bacterial transport in groundwater are reported in this paper. Ferrographic capture was used to analyze samples during an October 1999 bacterial injection experiment at the Narrow Channel focus area of the South Oyster site, VA. Data obtained using this method showed that the timing of bacterial breakthrough was controlled by physical (hydraulic conductivity) heterogeneity in the vertical dimension as opposed to variation in sediment surface or aqueous chemical properties. Ferrographic tracking yielded results that compared well with results from other tracking techniques over a concentration range of 8 orders of magnitude and provided a low detection limit relative to most other bacterial tracking techniques. The low quantitation limit of this method (similar to 20 cells/mL) allowed observation of transport of an adhesion-deficient bacterium over distances greater than 20 m in the fine sand aquifer underlying this site. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Envirogen Inc, Princeton Res Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Golder Fed Associates Inc, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Johnson, WP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008; Johnson, William/G-7733-2011; Zhang, Pengfei/C-2264-2013; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772; Zhang, Pengfei/0000-0002-1765-5965; NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1021/es001170e PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390QV UT WOS:000166308600040 PM 11352009 ER PT J AU Sylvester, P Rutherford, LA Gonzalez-Martin, A Kim, J Rapko, BM Lumetta, GJ AF Sylvester, P Rutherford, LA Gonzalez-Martin, A Kim, J Rapko, BM Lumetta, GJ TI Ferrate treatment for removing chromium from high-level radioactive tank waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS; ALKALINE-SOLUTIONS; REDUCTION; HYDROXIDE; OXIDATION; COPRECIPITATION; MECHANISM; KINETICS; FEO42 AB A method has been developed for removing chromium from alkaline high-level radioactive tank waste. Removing chromium from these wastes is critical in reducing the volume of waste requiring expensive immobilization and deep geologic disposition. the method developed is based on the oxidation of insoluble chromium(III) compounds to soluble chromate using ferrate. This method could be generally applicable to removing chromium from chromium-contaminated solids, when coupled with a subsequent reduction of the separated chromate back to chromium(III). The tests conducted with a simulated Hanford tank sludge indicate that the chromium removal with ferrate is more efficient at 5 M NaOH than at 3 M NaOH. Chromium removal increases with increasing Fe(VI)/Cr(III) molar ratio, but the chromium removal tends to level out for Fe(VI)/ Cr(III) greater than 10. Increasing temperature leads to better chromium removal, but higher temperatures also led to more rapid ferrate decomposition. Tests with radioactive Hanford tank waste generally confirmed the simulant results. In all cases examined, ferrate enhanced the chromium removal, with a typical removal of around 60-70% of the total chromium present in the washed sludge solids. The ferrate leachate solutions did not contain significant concentrations of transuranic elements, so these solutions could he disposed as low-activity waste. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lynntech Inc, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Lumetta, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-25, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1021/es001340n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390QV UT WOS:000166308600045 PM 11352016 ER PT B AU Foley, JC Rehbein, DK Barnard, DJ AF Foley, JC Rehbein, DK Barnard, DJ BE Taylor, PR TI In-situ monitoring of the sintering process with noncontact electromagnetic acoustic transducers SO EPD CONGRESS 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EPD Congress 2001 held at the 2001 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Processing Div AB In-situ characterizations of green state part density and sintering state have long been desired in the powder metal community. Recent advances in non-contact electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) technology have enabled in-situ monitoring of acoustic amplitude and velocity as sintering proceeds. Samples were made from elemental powders of Al (99.99%), Al (99.7%), Ag, (99.99%), Cu (99.99%) and Fe (99.9%). The powders were pressed in a uniaxial die and examined with acoustic waves for changes in velocity and amplitude during sintering. The changes in acoustic properties were correlated with mechanical properties. Evolution of a series of reverberating echoes during sintering is shown to provide information on the state of sintering, changes in sintering kinetics as well as having the potential for detection of interior flaws. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Foley, JC (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI 苏, 日亮/D-4386-2009 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-488-7 PY 2001 BP 515 EP 529 PG 15 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR84M UT WOS:000167757900038 ER PT B AU Williamson, RL Beaman, JJ Melgaard, DK AF Williamson, RL Beaman, JJ Melgaard, DK BE Taylor, PR TI Optimal filtering applied to the vacuum arc remelting process SO EPD CONGRESS 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EPD Congress 2001 held at the 2001 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Processing Div AB Optimal estimation theory has been applied to the problem of estimating process variables during vacuum are remelting (VAR), a process widely used in the specialty metals industry to cast large ingots of segregation sensitive and/or reactive metal alloys. Four state variables were used to develop a simple state-space model of the VAR process: electrode gap (G), electrode mass (M), electrode position (X) and electrode melting rate (R). The optimal estimator consists of a Kalman filter that incorporates the model and uses electrode feed rate and measurement based estimates of G, M and X to produce optimal estimates of all four state variables. Simulations show that the filter provides estimates that have error variances between one and three orders-of-magnitude less than estimates based solely on measurements. Examples are presented that verify this for electrode gap, an extremely important control parameter for the process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Liquid Met Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williamson, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Liquid Met Proc Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-488-7 PY 2001 BP 615 EP 628 PG 14 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR84M UT WOS:000167757900046 ER PT S AU Leventouri, T Chakoumakos, BC Papanearchou, N Perdikatsis, V AF Leventouri, T Chakoumakos, BC Papanearchou, N Perdikatsis, V BE Delhez, R Mittemeijer, EJ TI Crystal structure studies of natural and synthetic apatites by neutron powder diffraction SO EPDIC 7: EUROPEAN POWDER DIFFRACTION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC 7) CY MAY 20-23, 2000 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP PHILIPS Analyt BV, BRUKER Analyt X Ray Syst GmbH, European Commiss, DGXII, Human Potential Programme, Int Ctr Diffract Data, Int Union Crystallog, Appl Res Labs, Minist Educ & Culture, Consefo Superior Investigac Cient, Univ Barcelona DE carbonate apatite; hydroxyapatite; neutron diffraction; Rietveld refinement ID HYDROXYAPATITE AB A comparison of structural parameters of natural and synthetic apatites from Rietveld refinements of neutron powder diffraction data from room temperature down to 11 K is presented. The natural apatites are a carbonate fluorapatite (francolite) and a fluorapatite (harding pegmatite), while the synthetic sample is a low temperature carbonate hydroxyapatite prepared via hydrolysis of calcium phosphate and sodium bicarbonate. The modification of the structural parameters due to the carbonate substitution show a systematic behavior and they are consistent with the carbonate substitution on the mirror plane of the phosphate tetrahedron. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Geol & Mineral Explorat, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. RP Leventouri, T (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-886-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 378-3 BP 517 EP 522 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BT27W UT WOS:000172514200085 ER PT B AU Gokhale, M Frigo, J McCabe, K Theiler, J Lavenier, D AF Gokhale, M Frigo, J McCabe, K Theiler, J Lavenier, D BE Plaks, TP Athanas, PM TI Early experience with a hybrid processor: K-Means Clustering SO ERSA 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING OF RECONFIGURABLE SYSTEMS AND ALGORITHMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Engineering of Reconfigurable Systems and Algorithms (ERSA 2001) CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ, & Appl Press, Int Techno Inst, Korea Informat Proc Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corporat DE configurable system on a chip; CSOC; Excalibur; K-Means Clustering; image processing AB We discuss hardware/software co-processing On a hybrid processor for a compute- and data-intensive hyper-spectral imaging algorithm, K-Means Clustering. The experiments are performed on the Altera Excalibur board using the soft IP core 32-bit NIOS RISC processor. 172 our experiments, We compare performance of the sequential algorithm With two different accelerated versions. We consider granularity and synchronization issues when mapping an algorithm to a hybrid processor. Our results show that on the Excalibur NIOS, a 1570 speedup can be achieved over the sequential algorithm on images with 8 spectral bands where the pixels arc divided into S categories. Speedup is limited by the communication cost Of transferring data from external memory through the NIOS processor to the customized circuits. Our results indicate that future hybrid processors must either (1) have a clock rate 10X the speed of the configurable logic circuits or (2) include dual port memories that both the processor and configurable logic can access, If either of these conditions is met, the hybrid processor will show a factor of 10 speedup over the sequential algorithm.. Such systems will combine the convenience Of conventional processors with the speed of configurable logic. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Gokhale, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-3,NIS-4,NIS-2, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI McCabe, Kevin/H-3381-2013 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-76-9 PY 2001 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU40C UT WOS:000175893200005 ER PT J AU Giometti, CS Tollaksen, SL Babnigg, G Reich, CI Olsen, GJ Lim, H Yates, JR AF Giometti, CS Tollaksen, SL Babnigg, G Reich, CI Olsen, GJ Lim, H Yates, JR TI Structural modifications of Methanococcus jannaschii flagellin proteins revealed by proteome analysis SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE proteomics; flagellin; archaea; Methanococcus jannaschii ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TISSUE PROTEINS; CELL FRACTIONS; VOLTAE; QUANTITATION; SEQUENCES; ARCHAEON; SERUM AB Methanococcus jannaschii is an autotrophic archaeon originally isolated from an oceanic thermal vent. The primary metabolic pathway for energy production in this hyperthermophilic microbe is methanogenesis from H-2 and CO2. As an autotroph, M. jannaschii requires only CO2 as a carbon source for synthesizing all necessary biomolecules. Changes in the environmental availability of these molecules can be expected to activate regulatory mechanisms manifested as the up and down regulation of specific genes and the concomitant increase and decrease in abundance of the corresponding proteins. In our analysis of the proteome of M. jannaschii, we have observed significant changes in the abundance of a common subset of predominant proteins in response to reduced H-2 concentration, limited ammonium availability and the stage of cell growth (exponential compared with stationary). The masses of tryptic peptides from these proteins match those predicted by M. jannaschii genome open reading frames annotated as flagellin B1 (MJ0891) and flagellin B2 (MJ0892). Multiple proteins with different isoelectric points and molecular weights match each of these proteins and the abundance of these protein variants changes with growth conditions. These data indicate that structural modifications altering both the isoelectric point and size of the M. jannaschii flagellin B1 and B2 proteins occur in response to growth conditions and growth stage of M. jannaschii and further suggest the regulation of M. jannaschii motility through structural modifications of the building blocks of the flagella. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Mass Spectrometry Grp, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Giometti, CS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202,Room B117, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1255/ejms.404 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 474EJ UT WOS:000171092500013 ER PT J AU Nobuhara, K Farde, L Halldin, C Karlsson, P Swahn, CG Olsson, H Bergstrom, KA Larsson, SA Schnell, PO McPherson, DW Savonen, A Hiltunen, J Sedvall, G AF Nobuhara, K Farde, L Halldin, C Karlsson, P Swahn, CG Olsson, H Bergstrom, KA Larsson, SA Schnell, PO McPherson, DW Savonen, A Hiltunen, J Sedvall, G TI SPET imaging of central muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with iodine-123 labelled E-IQNP and Z-IQNP SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE [I-123]E-IQNP; [I-123]Z-IQNP; muscarinic acetylcholine receptors; single-photon emission tomography; human ID EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; IODINE-125-LABELED 1-AZABICYCLO<2.2.2>OCT-3-YL ALPHA-HYDROXY-ALPHA-(1-IODO-1-PRO; C-11 RACLOPRIDE BINDING; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; HUMAN BRAIN; IN-VIVO; I-123 IODODEXETIMIDE; PET; LOCALIZATION; RADIOLIGAND AB 1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl alpha -hydroxy-alpha-(1-iodo-1-propen-3-yl)-alpha -phenylacetate (IQNP) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist and the racemic ligand contains eight stereoisomers. In a single-photon emission tomography (SPET) study in monkeys we recently confirmed that [I-123]E-(R,R)-IQNP ([I-123]E-IQNP) is a radioligand with modest selectivity for the M-1 and M-4 subtypes, whereas [I-123]Z(R,R)-IQNP ([I-123]Z-IQNP) is non-subtype selective. In the present SPET study, E- and Z-IQNP were examined in human subjects. SPET examination was performed on three male subjects after i.v. injection of [I-123]E-IQNP and in another three after i.v. injection of [I-123]Z-IQNP. The binding potential (BP) for [I-123]E-IQNP was calculated using several quantitative approaches with the cerebellum as a reference region, High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure radioligand metabolism in plasma. Following [I-123]E-IQNP, the radioactivity was hi,oh in the neocortex and striatum, intermediate in the thalamus and low in the pens and cerebellum, which is consistent with the rank order for the regional. density of M-1 and M-4 subtypes in vitro, For all regions, peak equilibrium was identified within the 48-h data acquisition. The simplified reference tissue approach using SPET data from 0 to 48 h was the most reliable in this limited series of subjects. Following injection of [I-123]Z-IQNP, radioactivity was high in the neocortex and striatum, intermediate in the thalamus and pens and low in the cerebellum, which is in agreement with the density of M-1, M-2 and M-4 subtypes as measured in vitro. Quantitative analyses provided indirect support for specific M-2 binding of Z-IQNP in the cerebellum, The high selectivity of [I-123]E-IQNP for M-1 and M-4 receptors allowed the use of cerebellum as a reference region devoid of specific binding, and may be advantageous for applied clinical studies of M-1 and M-4 receptors binding in man. [I-123]Z-IQNP has potential for exploration of M-2 receptor binding in the cerebellum. C1 Karolinska Hosp, Dept Clin Neurosci, Psychiat Sect, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Hosp, Dept Radiat Phys, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, SF-70210 Kuopio, Finland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. MAP Med Technol Oy, Tikkakoski, Finland. RP Nobuhara, K (reprint author), Kansai Med Univ, Dept Neuropsychiat, 10-15 Fumizono Chou, Moriguchi, Osaka 5708506, Japan. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-6997 J9 EUR J NUCL MED JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s002590000390 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 389DZ UT WOS:000166224500003 PM 11202446 ER PT J AU Klamra, W Asztalos, S Becker, JA Cederwall, B Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Farris, LP Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Macleod, RW Sarantites, DG Stephens, FS AF Klamra, W Asztalos, S Becker, JA Cederwall, B Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Farris, LP Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Macleod, RW Sarantites, DG Stephens, FS TI High-spin multiparticle-hole excitations in Eu-148 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID STATES AB Studies by means of 155 MeV Al-27 bombardment on a Te-130 target revealed in Eu-148 high-spin structures up to spin 31 (n) over tilde, in addition to a cascade extended to the 11088.1 keV excitation. The observed levels are tentatively assigned as complex multiparticle-hole proton and neutron configurations. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Klamra, W (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Cederwall, Bo/M-3337-2014 OI Cederwall, Bo/0000-0003-1771-2656 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JAN PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1 BP 11 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s100500170138 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 414KA UT WOS:000167664500003 ER PT J AU Chuvakin, A Smith, J Harris, BW AF Chuvakin, A Smith, J Harris, BW TI Variable flavor number schemes versus fixed order perturbation theory for charm quark electroproduction SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DEEPLY INELASTIC-SCATTERING; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; HEAVY QUARKS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; O(ALPHA-S) CORRECTIONS; WILSON COEFFICIENT; CROSS-SECTIONS; EP COLLISIONS; HERA; QCD AB Data for D*(+/-)(2010) meson electroproduction in the range 10 < Q(2) < 1350 GeV2 has recently been presented by the ZEUS collaboration at HERA. We use these results together with previously published data for Q(2) > 1 GeV2 to test whether one can distinguish between different theoretical schemes for charm quark electroproduction. We find that up to the largest Q(2) measured, it is not possible to make such a differentiation. Then we point out the regions where differences between the various schemes arise. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chuvakin, A (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1007/s100520000546 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 412AT UT WOS:000167532400011 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Stanek, R Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Amelung, C Brock, I Coboken, K Goers, S Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Liu, W Liu, X Mellado, B Paganis, S Sampson, S Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Piotrzkowski, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Szuba, D Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bienlein, JK Borras, K Chiochia, V Crittenden, J Dannheim, D Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hebbel, K Hillert, S Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labes, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Martens, J Martinez, M Milite, M Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Rohde, M Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Coldewey, C Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Straub, PB Barbagli, G Gallo, E Parenti, A Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bussey, PJ Bell, M Doyle, AT Glasman, C Lee, SW Lupi, A Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Waugh, R Bodman, B Gendner, N Holm, U Salehi, H Wick, K Yildirim, A Carli, T Garfagnini, A Geiser, A Gialas, I Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Goncalo, R Long, KR Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Ahn, SH Lee, SB Park, SK Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Garcia, G Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Padhi, S Stairs, DG Wing, M Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Bashkirov, V Danilov, M Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Schagen, S van Sighem, A Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Grosse-Knetter, J Matsushita, T Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Limentani, S Longhin, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Adamczyk, L Iannotti, L Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Saull, PRB Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kohno, T Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Gadaj, T Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Frisken, WR Hall-Wilton, R Khakzad, M Menary, S AF Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Stanek, R Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Amelung, C Brock, I Coboken, K Goers, S Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Liu, W Liu, X Mellado, B Paganis, S Sampson, S Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Piotrzkowski, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Szuba, D Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bienlein, JK Borras, K Chiochia, V Crittenden, J Dannheim, D Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hebbel, K Hillert, S Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labes, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Martens, J Martinez, M Milite, M Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Rohde, M Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Coldewey, C Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Straub, PB Barbagli, G Gallo, E Parenti, A Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bussey, PJ Bell, M Doyle, AT Glasman, C Lee, SW Lupi, A Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Waugh, R Bodman, B Gendner, N Holm, U Salehi, H Wick, K Yildirim, A Carli, T Garfagnini, A Geiser, A Gialas, I Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Goncalo, R Long, KR Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Ahn, SH Lee, SB Park, SK Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Garcia, G Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Padhi, S Stairs, DG Wing, M Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Bashkirov, V Danilov, M Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Schagen, S van Sighem, A Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Grosse-Knetter, J Matsushita, T Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Limentani, S Longhin, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Adamczyk, L Iannotti, L Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Saull, PRB Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kohno, T Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Gadaj, T Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Frisken, WR Hall-Wilton, R Khakzad, M Menary, S CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of open beauty production in photoproduction at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DIJET CROSS-SECTIONS; B-QUARK PRODUCTION; = 1.8 TEV; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; HEAVY FLAVOR PRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV AB The production and semi-leptonic decay of heavy quarks have been studied in the photoproduction process e(+)p -> e(+) + dijet + e(-) + X with the ZEUS detector st HERA using an integrated luminosity of 38.5 pb(-1). Events with photon-proton centre-of-mass energies, W-gammap, between 134 and 289 GeV and a photon virtuality, Q(2), less than 1 GeV2 were selected requiring at least two jets of transverse energy E-T(jet(2)) > 7(6) GeV and an electron in the final state. The electrons were identified by employing the ionisation energy loss measurement. The contribution of beauty quarks was determined using the transverse momentum of the electron relative to the axis of the closest jet, p(T)(rol). The data, after background subtraction, were fit with a Monte Carlo simulation including beauty and charm decays, The measured beauty cross section was extrapolated to the parton level with the b quark restricted to the region of tranverse momentum p(T)(b) > p(T)(min) = 5 GeV and pseudorapidity \ eta (b)\ < 2 The extrapolated cross section is 1.6 +/- 0.4 (stat.)(-0.5)(+0.3), (syst.)(-0.4)(+0.2) (ext.) nb. The result is compared to a perturbative QCD calculation performed to next-to-leading order. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Techniques, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. Univ Piemonte Orientale, I-28100 Novara, Italy. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Bailey, David C/0000-0002-7970-7839; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; PAGANIS, STATHES/0000-0002-1950-8993 NR 54 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 4 BP 625 EP 637 DI 10.1007/s100520100571 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 411YZ UT WOS:000167528400001 ER PT J AU Johnson, SC Jacak, BV Drees, A AF Johnson, SC Jacak, BV Drees, A TI Rescattering of vector meson daughters in high energy heavy ion collisions SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID HOT HADRONIC MATTER; PB COLLISIONS; PHI-MESONS; DYNAMICS; NUCLEON AB We consider the role of hadronic rescattering of daughter kaons on the observed mass spectra from phi meson decays in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. A hadronic cascade code (RQMD v2.4) shears that similar to 26% of all phi 's decaying to K+K- in central Pb+Pb collisions at SPS energies (E-beam = 158AGeV) have a rescattered or absorbed daughter. This significantly affects the reconstructed invariant mass of the pair and shifts phi mesons out of the mass peak. Kaon rescattering depletes the low velocity region, hardening and broadening the observed phi m(t) and rapidity distributions respectively, relative to the dilepton channel. This effect produces an apparent change in the experimentally determined branching ratio not necessarily related to chiral symmetry restoration. Comparisons to recent experimental measures at CERN energies reveal a possible mechanism to account for the shape of the observed spectra, though not their absolute relative magnitude. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Johnson, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-050,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 4 BP 645 EP 649 DI 10.1007/s100520100569 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 411YZ UT WOS:000167528400003 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Agnihotri, A Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Baldine, A Barabach, L Barlag, C Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bohne, EM Borocz, ZK Bucher, D Buijs, A Busching, H Carlen, L Chalyshev, V Chattopadhyay, S Cherbatchev, R Chujo, T Claussen, A Das, AC Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Djordjadze, V Donni, P Doubovik, I Dutt, S Majumdar, MRD El Chenawi, K Eliseev, S Enosawa, K Foka, P Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Gupta, SK Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Higuchi, R Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Kamermans, R Kampert, KH Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kato, S Kees, S Kim, H Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Krumpel, T Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Kurita, K Kuzmin, N Langbein, I Lebedev, A Lee, YY Lohner, H Luquin, L Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Mehdiyev, R Mgebrichvili, G Miake, Y Mikhalev, D Mir, MF Mishra, GC Miyamoto, Y Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Mukhopadhyay, DS Myalkovski, V Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Neumaier, S Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Obenshain, FE Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Pachr, M Parfenov, A Pavliouk, S Peitzmann, T Petracek, V Plasil, F Pinganaud, W Purschke, ML Raeven, B Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ramamurthy, VS Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Roy, C Rubio, JM Sako, H Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Solomey, N Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Stuken, D Sumbera, M Svensson, T Trivedi, MD Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L Urbahn, J van der Pijll, EC van Eijndhoven, N van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Yagi, K Yokota, Y Young, GR AF Aggarwal, MM Agnihotri, A Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Baldine, A Barabach, L Barlag, C Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bohne, EM Borocz, ZK Bucher, D Buijs, A Busching, H Carlen, L Chalyshev, V Chattopadhyay, S Cherbatchev, R Chujo, T Claussen, A Das, AC Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Djordjadze, V Donni, P Doubovik, I Dutt, S Majumdar, MRD El Chenawi, K Eliseev, S Enosawa, K Foka, P Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Gupta, SK Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Higuchi, R Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Kamermans, R Kampert, KH Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kato, S Kees, S Kim, H Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Krumpel, T Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Kurita, K Kuzmin, N Langbein, I Lebedev, A Lee, YY Lohner, H Luquin, L Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Mehdiyev, R Mgebrichvili, G Miake, Y Mikhalev, D Mir, MF Mishra, GC Miyamoto, Y Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Mukhopadhyay, DS Myalkovski, V Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Neumaier, S Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Obenshain, FE Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Pachr, M Parfenov, A Pavliouk, S Peitzmann, T Petracek, V Plasil, F Pinganaud, W Purschke, ML Raeven, B Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ramamurthy, VS Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Roy, C Rubio, JM Sako, H Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Solomey, N Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Stuken, D Sumbera, M Svensson, T Trivedi, MD Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L Urbahn, J van der Pijll, EC van Eijndhoven, N van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Yagi, K Yokota, Y Young, GR CA WA98 Collaboration TI Scaling of particle and transverse energy production in Pb-208+Pb-208 collisions at 158 center dot A GeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ULTRARELATIVISTIC ENERGIES; MULTIPARTICLE PRODUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; MOMENTUM; HADRONS; MODEL; MULTIPLICITY; DEPENDENCE AB Transverse energy, charged particle pseudorapidity distributions and photon transverse momentum spectra have been studied as a function of the number of participants (N-part) and the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions (N-coll) in 158.A GeV Pb+Pb collisions over a wide impact parameter range. A scaling of the transverse energy pseudorapidity density at midrapidity as similar to N-part(1.08+/-0.06) and similar toN(coll)(0.83+/-0.05) is part coil observed. For the charged particle pseudorapidity density at midrapidity we find a scaling as similar to N-part(1.07+/-0.04) and similar toN(coll)(0.82+/-0.03). This faster than linear scaling with N-part indicates a violation of the naive Wounded Nucleon Model. C1 Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, RRC, Moscow 123182, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Univ Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Ecole Mines, SUBATECH, Nantes, France. GSI Darmstadt, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Utrecht, NIKHEF H, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Univ Groningen, KVI, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Aggarwal, MM (reprint author), Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Lohner, Herbert/B-2397-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Lohner, Herbert/0000-0002-7441-739X; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914 NR 28 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 4 BP 651 EP 663 DI 10.1007/s100520100578 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 411YZ UT WOS:000167528400004 ER PT J AU Williamson, AJ Franceschetti, A Zunger, A AF Williamson, AJ Franceschetti, A Zunger, A TI Multi-excitons in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots: A pseudopotential, many-body approach SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATES; SPECTROSCOPY AB We use a many-body, atomistic empirical pseudopotential approach to predict the multi-exciton emission spectrum of a lens-shaped InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot. We discuss the effects of i) the direct Coulomb energies, including the differences of electron and hole wave functions; ii) the exchange Coulomb energies and iii) correlation energies given by a configuration interaction calculation. Emission from the ground state of the N exciton system to the N - 1 exciton system involving e(0) --> h(0) and e(1) --> h(1) recombinations are discussed. A comparison with a simpler single-band, effective mass approach is presented. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Williamson, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 14 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 53 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1209/epl/i2001-00123-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 399DE UT WOS:000166795300010 ER PT J AU Staub, U Patterson, BD Schulze-Briese, C Fauth, F Shi, M Soderholm, L Vaughan, GBM Ochiai, A AF Staub, U Patterson, BD Schulze-Briese, C Fauth, F Shi, M Soderholm, L Vaughan, GBM Ochiai, A TI Direct observation of 1-dimensional charge order below the first-order "metal-insulator" transition in Yb4As3 SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JAHN-TELLER SYSTEM; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ELECTRON-SYSTEM; HEAVY-FERMION; CARRIER; EXCITATIONS AB Resonant X-ray diffraction results on the Yb LQ absorption edge of Yb4As3 are reported. The strong enhancement at the absorption edge of reflections of type 30(3) over bar at temperatures below the first-order phase transition is viewed as direct evidence of a 1-dimensional charge order. The quantitative determination of the charge ordering, which does not follow the structural distortion, has direct impact on models describing the unusual electronic and magnetic properties of this material. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Niigata Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Niigata 95021, Japan. RP Staub, U (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Vaughan, Gavin/B-1479-2010; Staub, Urs/C-4914-2015; Fauth, Francois/K-9643-2014 OI Fauth, Francois/0000-0001-9465-3106 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 53 IS 1 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1209/epl/i2001-00125-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 399DE UT WOS:000166795300012 ER PT B AU Rai, D Hess, NJ AF Rai, D Hess, NJ GP NEA-OECD NEA-OECD TI An overview of actinide redox speciation methods, other than chemical separation techniques: Their applicability, advantages and limitations SO EVALUATION OF SPECIATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Evaluation of Speciation Technology CY OCT 26-28, 1999 CL ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI-MURA, JAPAN HO ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST ID COMPLEXES AB The development of reliable thermodynamic models for chemical systems requires knowledge of the structural nature and stoichiometry of the aqueous and solid phase species. However, because of the complexity of many systems, the limited applicability of different speciation techniques, or the inherent uncertainties of the methods, it is often difficult to confidently obtain such information using a single technique. Characterisation of aqueous and solid phase species in complex systems, therefore, typically requires the use of multiple techniques. Determination of oxidation states is a first step towards characterising aqueous species. In addition to chemical separation methods, there are a large number of techniques that can be used to determine redox speciation. The most commonly used techniques are the absorption spectroscopies (UV-Vis-NIR, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopy), fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and vibrational spectroscopy (Raman). This article is a review of the applicability of these various oxidation state determination methods in terms of specific oxidation states, elements, and detection limits, as well as the advantages and limitations of these methods. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Rai, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OECD PI PARIS 75775 PA 2 RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16 PARIS 75775, FRANCE BN 92-64-18667-0 PY 2001 BP 111 EP 118 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU54J UT WOS:000176286900008 ER PT B AU Paviet-Hartmann, P Fanghanel, T Klenze, R Konnecke, T Kim, JI Hauser, W Weger, H Park, KK Chung, KH AF Paviet-Hartmann, P Fanghanel, T Klenze, R Konnecke, T Kim, JI Hauser, W Weger, H Park, KK Chung, KH GP NEA-OECD NEA-OECD TI Cm(III) speciation in brines by time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy SO EVALUATION OF SPECIATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Evaluation of Speciation Technology CY OCT 26-28, 1999 CL ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI-MURA, JAPAN HO ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST ID CONCENTRATED ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; CARBONATE COMPLEXATION; THERMODYNAMICS; CURIUM(III); NACL AB Time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) is a very sensitive and selective analytical method that has been used for the understanding of actinide solution chemistry in brines which is essential for modelling that requires accurate knowledge of the interaction between actinide and different inorganic ions. Curium was selected to represent the trivalent actinides, because its excellent fluorescence spectroscopic properties enable speciation at very low concentration. Furthermore, TRLFS has proved to be a versatile tool to study hydrolysis reaction as well as complexation with sulphate, carbonate and silicate ligands in NaCl solutions, The formation of the different Cm(III) species is quantified spectroscopically in the trace concentration range by peak de-convolution of fluorescence emission spectra. Spectroscopic data (main fluorescence wavelengths, half-bandwidth, lifetime) for the different Cm(III) complexes formed as well as the complexation constants determined from the spectroscopically quantified mole fraction of each species for each particular condition are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci & Waste Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paviet-Hartmann, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci & Waste Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OECD PI PARIS 75775 PA 2 RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16 PARIS 75775, FRANCE BN 92-64-18667-0 PY 2001 BP 221 EP 229 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU54J UT WOS:000176286900020 ER PT B AU Runde, W Neu, MP Van Pelt, C Reilly, S Xu, Y AF Runde, W Neu, MP Van Pelt, C Reilly, S Xu, Y GP NEA-OECD NEA-OECD TI Actinyl(VI) speciation in concentrated sodium chloride solutions SO EVALUATION OF SPECIATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Evaluation of Speciation Technology CY OCT 26-28, 1999 CL ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI-MURA, JAPAN HO ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST ID CARBONATE SYSTEMS; EQUILIBRIA AB Thermodynamic parameters and sorption coefficients provide the fundamental database for the mathematical abstraction of environmental transport of actinides. We have been investigating the chemistry of the hexavalent actinides, U and Pu, in the solid state in concentrated salt (NaCl) solutions representative of conditions within geologic salt formations, sites for nuclear waste disposal. Chloride complexation is proven to play an important role for actinyl(VI) solubility and speciation. We investigated U(Vl) and Pu(VI) equilibria with the predominant inorganic ligands hydroxide and carbonate in the presence of chloride. We used a number of spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis-NIR, Raman, FTIR, NMR, XAS) and X-ray diffraction to characterise solution species and solid phases as a function of pH, carbonate concentration, and ionic strength. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Runde, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OECD PI PARIS 75775 PA 2 RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16 PARIS 75775, FRANCE BN 92-64-18667-0 PY 2001 BP 233 EP 240 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU54J UT WOS:000176286900022 ER PT B AU Xu, J Durbin, PW Raymond, KN AF Xu, J Durbin, PW Raymond, KN GP NEA-OECD NEA-OECD TI Actinide sequestering agents: Design, structural and biological evaluations SO EVALUATION OF SPECIATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Evaluation of Speciation Technology CY OCT 26-28, 1999 CL ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI-MURA, JAPAN HO ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST ID IN-VIVO CHELATION; HYDROXYPYRIDINONATE LIGANDS; MULTIDENTATE CATECHOLATE; DECORPORATION; EFFICACY; MICE AB Multidentate actinide sequestering agents have been developed using a biomimetic approach modelled on siderophores, naturally-occurring iron(III) sequestering agents. Described are the synthesis, structure, and solution thermodynamics and animal test results of new, more effective, actinide sequestering agents. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OECD PI PARIS 75775 PA 2 RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16 PARIS 75775, FRANCE BN 92-64-18667-0 PY 2001 BP 247 EP 254 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU54J UT WOS:000176286900024 ER PT B AU Berg, JM Veirs, DK AF Berg, JM Veirs, DK GP NEA-OECD NEA-OECD TI Speciation of Pu(IV) complexes with weak ligands from visible spectra SO EVALUATION OF SPECIATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Evaluation of Speciation Technology CY OCT 26-28, 1999 CL ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI-MURA, JAPAN HO ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST ID ACID AB Stoichiometries of early actinide metal ion complexes in solution equilibrium can sometimes be determined by modelling the dependence of a species-sensitive measurement on ligand concentration. Weak ligands present the additional problem that these measurements cannot be made in the simplifying limiting case of low ligand concentration relative to the background electrolyte. At high ligand concentrations, constant ionic strength no longer implies constant activity coefficients. Additional parameters must be included in the equilibrium model to account for the variation of activity coefficients with ligand concentration as well as with overall ionic strength. We present the formalism of such a model based on SIT theory and its implementation for simultaneous fitting of spectra over a wide range of ionic strengths. As a test case, we analyse a subset of the spectra we have collected on complexation of Pu(IV) by nitrate in aqueous acid solutions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berg, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OECD PI PARIS 75775 PA 2 RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16 PARIS 75775, FRANCE BN 92-64-18667-0 PY 2001 BP 257 EP 263 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU54J UT WOS:000176286900026 ER PT B AU Reed, DT Kropf, AJ Aase, SB Zygmunt, S Curtiss, L AF Reed, DT Kropf, AJ Aase, SB Zygmunt, S Curtiss, L GP NEA-OECD NEA-OECD TI Oxidation state and structure of actinides in environmental samples using synchrotron-based techniques SO EVALUATION OF SPECIATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Evaluation of Speciation Technology CY OCT 26-28, 1999 CL ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI-MURA, JAPAN HO ATOMIC ENERGY RES INST C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reed, DT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kropf, Arthur/B-8665-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OECD PI PARIS 75775 PA 2 RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16 PARIS 75775, FRANCE BN 92-64-18667-0 PY 2001 BP 271 EP 272 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU54J UT WOS:000176286900029 ER PT B AU Eggleton, PP AF Eggleton, PP BE Podsiadlowski, P Rappaport, S King, A DAntona, F Burderi, L TI The braking of wind SO EVOLUTION OF BINARY AND MULTIPLE STAR SYSTEMS: A MEETING IN CELEBRATION OF PETER EGGLETON'S 60TH BIRTHDAY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution of Binary and Multiple Star Systems CY JUN 25-JUL 01, 2000 CL BORMIO, ITALY SP Osservatorio Astronomico Roma, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM AB I outline a model that gives the mass-loss rate and the magnetic torque on a magnetically active star, as functions of only the mass, luminosity, radius and rotation period. With tidal friction to enforce corotation, this can be applied to a number of types of binary, including contact binaries, RS CVn binaries, Algols, CVs and LMXBs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Eggleton, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, L-413,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-061-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 229 BP 157 EP 165 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU52C UT WOS:000176235800015 ER PT B AU Nelson, CA Eggleton, PP AF Nelson, CA Eggleton, PP BE Podsiadlowski, P Rappaport, S King, A DAntona, F Burderi, L TI Case a binary evolution SO EVOLUTION OF BINARY AND MULTIPLE STAR SYSTEMS: A MEETING IN CELEBRATION OF PETER EGGLETON'S 60TH BIRTHDAY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution of Binary and Multiple Star Systems CY JUN 25-JUL 01, 2000 CL BORMIO, ITALY SP Osservatorio Astronomico Roma, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID ABSOLUTE PARAMETERS; VARIABLE-STARS; SPECTROSCOPIC ORBIT; ECLIPSING BINARIES; ALGOL BINARIES; SYSTEMS; REDISCUSSION; CASSIOPEIAE; MAJORIS AB We undertake a comparison of observed Algo-type binaries with a library of computed Case A binary evolution tracks. The library consists of 5500 binary tracks with various values of initial primary mass M-10, mass ratio q(0), and period P-0, designed to sample the phase-space of Case A binaries in the range -0.10 less than or equal to log M-10 < 1.7. Each binary is evolved using a standard code with the assumption that both total mass and orbital angular momentum are conserved. This code follows the evolution of both stars until the point where contact or reverse mass transfer occurs. The resulting binary tracks show a rich variety of behaviour which we sort into several subclasses of Case A and Case B. We present the results of this classification, the final mass ratio and the fraction of time spent in Roche Lobe overflow for each binary system. The conservative assumption under which we created this library is expected to hold for a broad range of binaries, where both components have spectra in the range GO to 131 and luminosity class III - V. We gather a list of relatively well-determined observed hot Algol-type binaries meeting this criterion, as well as a list of cooler Algol-type binaries where we expect significant dynamo-driven mass loss and angular momentum loss. We fit each observed binary to our library of tracks using a chi(2)-minimizing procedure. We find that the hot Algols display overall acceptable chi(2) confirming the conservative assumption, while the cool Algols show much less acceptable chi(2) suggesting the need for more free parameters, such as mass and angular momentum loss. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys L413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nelson, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys L413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-061-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 229 BP 193 EP 204 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU52C UT WOS:000176235800019 ER PT B AU Mauche, CW Mattei, JA Bateson, FM AF Mauche, CW Mattei, JA Bateson, FM BE Podsiadlowski, P Rappaport, S King, A DAntona, F Burderi, L TI Optical and EUV light curves of dwarf nova outbursts SO EVOLUTION OF BINARY AND MULTIPLE STAR SYSTEMS: A MEETING IN CELEBRATION OF PETER EGGLETON'S 60TH BIRTHDAY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution of Binary and Multiple Star Systems CY JUN 25-JUL 01, 2000 CL BORMIO, ITALY SP Osservatorio Astronomico Roma, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB We combine AAVSO and VSS/RASNZ optical and Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer EUV light curves of dwarf novae in outburst to place constraints on the nature of dwarf nova outbursts. From the observed optical-EUV time delays of approximate to 0.75-1.5 days, we show that the propagation velocity of the dwarf nova instability heating wave is 3 km s(-1). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mauche, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-43,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-061-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 229 BP 367 EP 371 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU52C UT WOS:000176235800042 ER PT B AU Burkert, VD AF Burkert, VD BE Burkert, VD Elouadrhiri, L Kelly, JJ Minehart, RC TI Probing the structure of nucleons in the resonance region SO EXCITED NUCLEONS AND HADRONIC STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTAR Conference on Excited Nucleons and Hadronic Structure CY FEB 16-19, 2000 CL NEWPORT NEWS, VA SP NSTAR, Jefferson Lab ID GERASIMOV SUM-RULE; DELTA(1232) RESONANCE; ELECTROPRODUCTION; SCATTERING; EVOLUTION; BARYONS; Q2 AB Status, open questions, and future prospects of the physics of excited nucleons, and what they tell us about the internal nucleon structure are discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Burkert, VD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Av, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4499-1 PY 2001 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT52K UT WOS:000173243100001 ER PT B AU Sandorfi, AM Blanpied, G Blecher, M Caracappal, A Djalali, C Giordano, G Hicks, K Hoblit, S Khandaker, M Kistner, OC Kuczewski, A Lincoln, F Lowry, M Lucas, M Matone, G Miceli, L Preedom, BM Rebreyend, D Schaerf, C Sealock, RM Stroher, H Thorn, CE Thornton, ST Tonnison, J Whisnant, CS Zhang, H Zhao, X AF Sandorfi, AM Blanpied, G Blecher, M Caracappal, A Djalali, C Giordano, G Hicks, K Hoblit, S Khandaker, M Kistner, OC Kuczewski, A Lincoln, F Lowry, M Lucas, M Matone, G Miceli, L Preedom, BM Rebreyend, D Schaerf, C Sealock, RM Stroher, H Thorn, CE Thornton, ST Tonnison, J Whisnant, CS Zhang, H Zhao, X CA LEGS Collaboration BE Burkert, VD Elouadrhiri, L Kelly, JJ Minehart, RC TI Pion production and Compton scattering at LEGS SO EXCITED NUCLEONS AND HADRONIC STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTAR Conference on Excited Nucleons and Hadronic Structure CY FEB 16-19, 2000 CL NEWPORT NEWS, VA SP NSTAR, Jefferson Lab ID DELTA-RESONANCE REGION; DELTA(1232) REGION; E2/M1 RATIO; PROTON; PHOTOPRODUCTION; MODEL AB The LEGS multipole analyses combine data from Compton scattering and pion production in one simultaneously fit which consistently maintains unitarity. The procedure is reviewed and the extracted N --> A properties are summarized. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Legs Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sandorfi, AM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Legs Grp, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4499-1 PY 2001 BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT52K UT WOS:000173243100003 ER PT B AU Armstrong, CS Stoler, P AF Armstrong, CS Stoler, P CA JLAB E94014 Collaboration BE Burkert, VD Elouadrhiri, L Kelly, JJ Minehart, RC TI S-11(1535) resonance production at Jefferson Lab at high Q(2) SO EXCITED NUCLEONS AND HADRONIC STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTAR Conference on Excited Nucleons and Hadronic Structure CY FEB 16-19, 2000 CL NEWPORT NEWS, VA SP NSTAR, Jefferson Lab ID PERTURBATIVE QCD; FORM-FACTORS; CHIRAL DYNAMICS; ETA-MESONS; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PHOTOPRODUCTION; TRANSITION AB The differential cross section for the process p(e, e' p)eta has been measured at Q(2) = 2.4 and 3.6 (GeV/c)(2) at center-of-mass energies encompassing the S-11(1535) resonance. The resonance width and the helicity-1/2 transition amplitude are extracted from the data, and evidence for the possible onset of scaling in this reaction is considered. A lower bound of approximate to 0.45 is placed on the S-11(1535) --> p eta branching fraction. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Armstrong, CS (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4499-1 PY 2001 BP 86 EP 93 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT52K UT WOS:000173243100010 ER PT B AU Page, PR AF Page, PR BE Burkert, VD Elouadrhiri, L Kelly, JJ Minehart, RC TI Hybrid baryon signatures SO EXCITED NUCLEONS AND HADRONIC STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTAR Conference on Excited Nucleons and Hadronic Structure CY FEB 16-19, 2000 CL NEWPORT NEWS, VA SP NSTAR, Jefferson Lab ID FLUX-TUBE MODEL; HADRONS; QCD; ELECTROPRODUCTION AB We discuss whether a low-lying hybrid baryon should be defined as a three quark - gluon bound state or as three quarks moving on an excited adiabatic potential. We show that the latter definition becomes exact, not only for very heavy quarks, but also for specific dynamics. We review the literature on the signatures of hybrid baryons, with specific reference to strong hadronic decays, electromagnetic couplings, diffractive production and production in psi decay. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, PR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-5,MS-B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4499-1 PY 2001 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT52K UT WOS:000173243100020 ER PT B AU Lee, TSH Sato, T AF Lee, TSH Sato, T BE Burkert, VD Elouadrhiri, L Kelly, JJ Minehart, RC TI Pion production model - Connection between dynamics and quark models SO EXCITED NUCLEONS AND HADRONIC STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTAR Conference on Excited Nucleons and Hadronic Structure CY FEB 16-19, 2000 CL NEWPORT NEWS, VA SP NSTAR, Jefferson Lab ID BARYON RESONANCES; DECAYS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; CHROMODYNAMICS; AMPLITUDES AB We discuss the difficulties in testing the hadron models by using the N* parameters extracted from the empirical amplitude analyses of the piN and gammaN reaction data. As an alternative or perhaps a more advantageous approach, we present a Hamiltonian formulation that can relate the pion production dynamics and the constituent quark models of N* structure. The application of the approach in investigating the Delta and N* (S-11) excitations is reviewed. It is found that while the Delta excitation can be described satisfactorily, the piN scattering in S-11 channel can not be described by the constituent quark models based on either the one-gluon-exchange or one-meson-exchange mechanisms. A phenomenological quark-quark potential has been constructed to reproduce the S-11 amplitude. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, TSH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4499-1 PY 2001 BP 215 EP 225 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT52K UT WOS:000173243100025 ER PT B AU Burkert, V Coleman, A Funsten, H Klein, F Larabee, A Mecking, B AF Burkert, V Coleman, A Funsten, H Klein, F Larabee, A Mecking, B CA CLAS Collaboration BE Burkert, VD Elouadrhiri, L Kelly, JJ Minehart, RC TI CLAS electroproduction of omega(783) mesons SO EXCITED NUCLEONS AND HADRONIC STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTAR Conference on Excited Nucleons and Hadronic Structure CY FEB 16-19, 2000 CL NEWPORT NEWS, VA SP NSTAR, Jefferson Lab ID QUARK-MODEL; BARYON AB Electroproduction of omega(783) mesons from a proton target has been measured at CLAS in a search for so-called "missing baryon resonances". Scattered electrons were measured in coincidence with the recoiling proton and a pi(+) from the omega decay. Missing mass techniques were applied to identify the outgoing omega and to reduce the contributions of rho(770) and pipi final states. The resulting ep missing mass distributions clearly show an omega peak superimposed on a predominantly 3-pion phase space. Extracted t distributions monotonically decrease for W > 2 GeV, as expected from pi-exchange and diffractive processes. Very preliminary analysis indicates that for 1.8 < W < 2.0 GeV, peaking occurs at t approximate to -2.0 GeV2 corresponding to a w production angle theta(w)(cm) 120degrees. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Burkert, V (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4499-1 PY 2001 BP 250 EP 254 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT52K UT WOS:000173243100029 ER PT B AU Mestayer, MD Feuerbach, R Hicks, KH Niculescu, G AF Mestayer, MD Feuerbach, R Hicks, KH Niculescu, G BE Burkert, VD Elouadrhiri, L Kelly, JJ Minehart, RC TI Hyperon electroproduction with CLAS SO EXCITED NUCLEONS AND HADRONIC STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTAR Conference on Excited Nucleons and Hadronic Structure CY FEB 16-19, 2000 CL NEWPORT NEWS, VA SP NSTAR, Jefferson Lab AB We present data from electroproduction of K+ Lambda and K+ Sigma states at beam energies of 2.4 and 4.0 GeV. The data were taken with the CLAS spectrometer, a large-acceptance detector housed in Hall B at Jefferson Laboratory. We show plots of particle mass calculated from tile track time-of-flight as well as missing mass plots of the recoil hyperons. We conclude by plotting event yields that demonstrate the large acceptance of the CLAS spectrometer, and briefly discuss prospects for further analysis. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM mestayer@jlab.org NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4499-1 PY 2001 BP 288 EP 293 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT52K UT WOS:000173243100034 ER PT B AU Sasaki, S AF Sasaki, S BE Burkert, VD Elouadrhiri, L Kelly, JJ Minehart, RC TI N* spectrum in lattice QCD SO EXCITED NUCLEONS AND HADRONIC STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTAR Conference on Excited Nucleons and Hadronic Structure CY FEB 16-19, 2000 CL NEWPORT NEWS, VA SP NSTAR, Jefferson Lab ID LIGHT-HADRON SPECTRUM; RENORMALIZATION; OPERATORS; NEUTRINOS; FERMIONS; BARYONS; ABSENCE; PROOF AB We investigate the mass of the parity partner N*(1/2(-)) of the nucleon N(1/2(+)), in lattice QCD using a new lattice discretization scheme for fermions, domain wall fermions (DWF). DWF possess exact chiral symmetry and flavor symmetry, both of which are required for this problem, even at finite lattice spacing. Our calculation reproduces the large mass splitting between those two states, in good agreement with experiment. We also present preliminary results for the mass of the positive-parity excited state N'(1/2(+)). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sasaki, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4499-1 PY 2001 BP 378 EP 387 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT52K UT WOS:000173243100045 ER PT B AU Isgur, N AF Isgur, N BE Burkert, VD Elouadrhiri, L Kelly, JJ Minehart, RC TI Why N*'s are important SO EXCITED NUCLEONS AND HADRONIC STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTAR Conference on Excited Nucleons and Hadronic Structure CY FEB 16-19, 2000 CL NEWPORT NEWS, VA SP NSTAR, Jefferson Lab ID QUARK-MODEL; HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS; 1-N EXPANSION; BARYONS; INSTANTONS; SYMMETRY; QCD AB The study of N*'s can provide us with critical insights into the nature of QCD in the confinement domain. The keys to progress in this domain are the identification of its important degrees of freedom and the effective forces between them. I report on the growing evidence in support of the flux tube model, and comment on the connection between this model and spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, on the spin-dependence of the long-range confining potential, on the evidence for short-range one gluon exchange, on instantons, and on the one pion exchange model. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM isgur@jlab.org NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4499-1 PY 2001 BP 403 EP 422 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT52K UT WOS:000173243100048 ER PT J AU Secroun, A Lampton, M Levi, M AF Secroun, A Lampton, M Levi, M TI A high-accuracy, small field of view star guider with application to SNAP SO EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE centroid; star guider; star tracker ID ALGORITHM; TRACKER AB To accomplish its mission, the spaceborne observatory SNAP (SuperNova Acceleration Probe) requires a pointing stability of < 0.03 arcseconds during exposures lasting up to 500 sec. A Monte Carlo simulation of the photoelectron statistics from the guiding star investigates geometrical (such as the pixel size of the detector or the plate scale) and physical parameters (such as the magnitude of the star). It is shown that simple centroiding calculations can lead to the desired accuracy with guide stars as faint as magnitude 16. Availability of these stars is verified thanks to the HST Guide Star Catalog complemented with a statistical model of the distribution of stars. Thus a through-the-lens sensor that uses stars as faint as magnitude 16 to provide the necessary guiding signals is feasible. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Secroun, A (reprint author), Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, Paris, France. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6435 J9 EXP ASTRON JI Exp. Astron. PY 2001 VL 12 IS 2 BP 69 EP 85 DI 10.1023/A:1016391518972 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 574AM UT WOS:000176866200001 ER PT B AU Enzer, DG Holzscheiter, MH James, DFV Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Sandberg, V Schauer, MM Torgerson, JR Tupa, D Hughes, RJ AF Enzer, DG Holzscheiter, MH James, DFV Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Sandberg, V Schauer, MM Torgerson, JR Tupa, D Hughes, RJ BE Clark, RG TI Progress towards sideband-cooling trapped calcium ions SO EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF QUANTUM COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Experimental Implementation of Quantum Computation CY JAN 16-19, 2001 CL NATL MARITIME MUSEUM, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO NATL MARITIME MUSEUM DE quantum computation; trapping; cooling; ions ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; COMPUTATION; CRYSTALS AB Trapped, laser-cooled ions are being investigated as one possible implementation of a quantum computer. Crystallized ions in a linear trap serve as the individual quantum bits, or qubits. Manipulating both the crystal's motional state and the ions' electronic state generates quantum logic operations. At Los Alamos, we have built a linear rf quadrupole ion trap and have used it to create strings of cooled Ca+ ions. We have used these crystals to study the phase transition from a linear string into a zigzag configuration as trap parameters are varied; the onset of this phase transition limits the size of the linear quantum register. Trapped ions are Doppler cooled by irradiating them with a laser beam tuned slightly red of the S-1/2 to P-1/2 transition frequency. However, to further cool the ion crystal to its motional ground state, we plan to use sideband cooling on the narrow S-1/2 to D-5/2 transition. This calls for a laser much narrower in frequency than the 200 - 500 kHz spacing of motional sidebands in our trap. For this, we have locked a Ti::Sapphire laser to a stable, high finesse cavity. Progress on sideband cooling will be reported. We consider a method to estimate the maximum number of state manipulations possible for a given number of ions and various ion trap parameters. Funded by the National Security Agency and ARDA under contract number MOD708600. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Enzer, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-013-4 PY 2001 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW76D UT WOS:000183080000014 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Doolen, GD Kamenev, DI Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Doolen, GD Kamenev, DI Tsifrinovich, VI BE Clark, RG TI Control of non-resonant effects in a nuclear spin quantum computer with a large number of qubits SO EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF QUANTUM COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Experimental Implementation of Quantum Computation CY JAN 16-19, 2001 CL NATL MARITIME MUSEUM, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO NATL MARITIME MUSEUM AB We discuss how to simulate simple quantum logic operations with a large number of qubits. These simulations are needed for experimental testing of scalable solid-state quantum computers. Quantum logic for remote qubits is simulated in a spin chain. Analytical estimates are presented for possible correlated errors caused by non-resonant transitions. A range of parameters is given in which non-resonant effects can be minimized. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-013-4 PY 2001 BP 160 EP 167 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW76D UT WOS:000183080000023 ER PT B AU Knill, E Laflamme, R Milburn, GJ AF Knill, E Laflamme, R Milburn, GJ BE Clark, RG TI Efficient linear optics quantum computation SO EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF QUANTUM COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Experimental Implementation of Quantum Computation CY JAN 16-19, 2001 CL NATL MARITIME MUSEUM, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO NATL MARITIME MUSEUM AB Two qubit gates for photons are generally thought to require exotic materials with huge optical nonlinearities. We show here that, if we accept two qubit gates that only work conditionally, single photon sources, passive linear optics and particle detectors are sufficient for implementing reliable quantum algorithms. The conditional nature of the gates requires feed-forward from the detectors to the optical elements. Without feed forward, non-deterministic quantum computation is possible. We discuss one proposed single photon source based on the surface acoustic wave guiding of single electrons. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Knill, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-013-4 PY 2001 BP 214 EP 219 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW76D UT WOS:000183080000032 ER PT B AU Hawley, ME Brown, GW Schofield, S AF Hawley, ME Brown, GW Schofield, S BE Clark, RG TI Addressing SSQC fabrication issues using uhv-stm imaging SO EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF QUANTUM COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Experimental Implementation of Quantum Computation CY JAN 16-19, 2001 CL NATL MARITIME MUSEUM, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO NATL MARITIME MUSEUM AB A number of issues relating to fabrication of a silicon-based solid state computer based on the Kane model need to be addressed experimentally. One is the preparation of an extremely low defect density silicon substrate surface on which to put the array of spins while a second one is the stability of the array under deposition of an overlayer of silicon. Both of these issues can be addressed using ultra-high vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In fact, understanding the preparation of a low defect density Si(100) has enjoyed considerable attention from UHV-STM researchers over the last two decades. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hawley, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-013-4 PY 2001 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW76D UT WOS:000183080000045 ER PT J AU Bailey, DH Crandall, RE AF Bailey, DH Crandall, RE TI On the random character of fundamental constant expansions SO EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB We propose a theory to explain random behavior for the digits in the expansions of fundamental mathematical constants. At the core of our approach is a general hypothesis concerning the distribution of the iterates generated by dynamical maps. On this main hypothesis, one obtains proofs of base-2 normality-namely bit randomness in a specific technical sense-for a collection of celebrated constants, including pi, log 2, zeta (3), and others. Also on the hypothesis, the number zeta (5) is either rational or normal to base 2. We indicate a research connection between our dynamical model and the theory of pseudorandom number generators. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Reed Coll, Ctr Adv Computat, Portland, OR 97202 USA. RP Bailey, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU A K PETERS LTD PI WELLESLEY PA 289 LINDEN ST, WELLESLEY, MA 02181 USA SN 1058-6458 J9 EXP MATH JI Exp. Math. PY 2001 VL 10 IS 2 BP 175 EP 190 PG 16 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 451NB UT WOS:000169807200002 ER PT S AU Park, HS Williams, G Ables, E Band, D Barthelmy, S Bionta, R Cline, T Gehrels, N Hartmann, D Hurley, K Kippen, M Nemiroff, R Pereira, W Porrata, R AF Park, HS Williams, G Ables, E Band, D Barthelmy, S Bionta, R Cline, T Gehrels, N Hartmann, D Hurley, K Kippen, M Nemiroff, R Pereira, W Porrata, R BE Chang, HY Lee, CH Rho, M Yi, I TI Prompt GRB optical follow-up experiments SO EXPLOSIVE PHENOMENA IN ASTROPHYSICAL COMPACT OBJECTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st KIAS Astrophysics Workshop on Explosive Phenomena in Astrophysical Compact Objects CY MAY 24-27, 2000 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; EMISSION AB Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are brief, randomly located, releases of gamma-ray energy from unknown celestial sources that occur almost daily. The study of GRBs has undergone a revolution in the past three S ears due to an international effort of follow-up observations of coordinates provided by Beppo/SAX and IPN GRB. These follow-up observations have shown that GRBs are at cosmological distances and interact with surrounding material as described by the fireball model. However, prompt optical counterparts have only been seen in one case and are therefore very rare or much dimmer than the sensitivity of the current instruments. Unlike later time afterglows, prompt optical measurements would provide information on the GRB progenitor. LOTIS is the very first automated and dedicated telescope system that actively utilizers the GRB Coordinates Network (GCN) and it attempts to measure simultaneous optical light curve associated with GRBs. After 3 years of running, LOTIS has responded to 75 GRB triggers. Tile lack of any optical signal in any of the LOTIS images places numerical limits oil the surrounding matter density, and other physical parameters in the environment of the GRB progenitor. This paper presents LOTIS results and describes other prompt GRB follow-up experiments including the Super-LOTIS at Kitt Peak in Arizona. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-987-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 556 BP 261 EP 267 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS10K UT WOS:000168666000027 ER PT J AU Hahn, DK Klippenstein, SJ Miller, JA AF Hahn, DK Klippenstein, SJ Miller, JA TI A theoretical analysis of the reaction between propargyl and molecular oxygen SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Discussion on Combustion Chemistry CY JUL 09-11, 2001 CL UNIV LEEDS, LEEDS, ENGLAND HO UNIV LEEDS ID AB-INITIO; C2H5+O-2 REACTION; COEFFICIENT; MECHANISM; HYDROCARBONS; COMBUSTION; KINETICS; ENERGIES; FLAMES; VINYL AB The temperature- and pressure-dependent kinetics of the reaction between propargyl and molecular oxygen have been studied with a combination of electronic structure theory, transition state theory, and the time-dependent master equation. The stationary points on the potential energy surface were located with B3LYP density functional theory. Approximate QCISD(T,Full)/6-311++G(3df,2pd) energies were obtained at these stationary points. At low temperatures the reaction is dominated by addition to the CH2 side of the propargyl radical followed by stabilization. However, addition to the CH side, which is followed by one of various possible internal rearrangements, becomes the dominant process at higher temperatures. These internal rearrangements involve a splitting of the O-2 bond via the formation of 3-, 4- or 5-membered rings, with the apparent products being CH2CO + HCO. Rearrangement via the 3-membered ring is found to dominate the kinetics. Rearrangement from the CH2 addition product, via a 4-membered ring, would yield H2CO + HCCO, but the barrier to this rearrangement is too high to be kinetically significant. Other possible products require H transfers and, as a result, appear to be kinetically irrelevant. Modest variations in the energetics of a few key stationary points (most notably the entrance barrier heights) yield kinetic results that are in good agreement with the experimental results of Slagle and Gutman (I. R. Slagle and D. Gutman, Proc. Combust. Inst., 1986, 21, 875) and of Atkinson and Hudgens (D. B. Atkinson and J. W. Hudgens, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 4242). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Klippenstein, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 46 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2001 VL 119 BP 79 EP 100 DI 10.1039/b102240g PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 492WQ UT WOS:000172190900005 ER PT J AU DeSain, JD Taatjes, CA Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ Hahn, DK AF DeSain, JD Taatjes, CA Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ Hahn, DK TI Infrared frequency-modulation probing of product formation in alkyl plus O-2 reactions - Part IV. Reactions of propyl and butyl radicals with O-2 SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Discussion on Combustion Chemistry CY JUL 09-11, 2001 CL UNIV LEEDS, LEEDS, ENGLAND HO UNIV LEEDS ID ALIPHATIC HYDROPEROXYL RADICALS; EVALUATED KINETIC DATA; REACTION-MECHANISM; C2H5+O-2 REACTION; COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; SELF-REACTION; N-BUTANE; CYCLOPENTYLPEROXY RADICALS; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION AB The time-resolved production of HO2 in the Cl-initiated oxidation of iso- and n-butane is measured using continuous-wave (CW) infrared frequency modulation spectroscopy between 298 and 693 K. The yield of HO2 is determined relative to the Cl-2/CH3OH/O-2 system. As in studies of smaller alkanes, the branching fraction to in HO2 + alkene butyl + O-2 displays a dramatic rise with increasing temperature between about 550 and 700 K (the "transition region") which is accompanied by a qualitative change in the time behavior of the HO2 production. At low temperatures the HO2 is formed promptly; a second, slower production of HO2 is responsible for the bulk of the increased yield in the transition temperature region. In contrast to reactions of smaller alkyl radicals with O-2, the total HO2 yield in the butyl radical reactions appears to remain significantly below 1 up to 700 K, implying a significant role for OH-producing channels. The slower HO2 production in butane oxidation displays an apparent activation energy similar to that measured for smaller alkyl + O-2 reactions, suggesting that the energetics of the HO2 elimination transition state are similar for a broad range of R + O-2 systems. A combination of QCISD(T) based characterizations of the propyl and butyl + O-2 potential energy surfaces and master equation based characterization of the propyl + O-2 kinetics provide the framework for explanation of the experimentally observed HO2 production in Cl-initiated propane and butane oxidation. These calculations suggest that the HO2 elimination channel is similar in all reaction systems, and that hydroperoxyalkyl (QOOH) species produced by internal H-atom abstraction in RO2 can provide a path to OH formation. However, the QOOH formed by the energetically favorable 1,5 isomerization (via a six-membered ring transition state) generally experiences significant barriers (relative to the radical + O-2 reactants) to the production of an oxetane + OH. In contrast, the barriers to forming OH + an oxirane or an oxolane, via 1,4 or 1,6 isomerizations, respectively, are generally below reactants. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Taatjes, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 83 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2001 VL 119 BP 101 EP 120 DI 10.1039/b102237g PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 492WQ UT WOS:000172190900006 ER PT J AU Fang, DC Harding, LB Klippenstein, SJ Miller, JA AF Fang, DC Harding, LB Klippenstein, SJ Miller, JA TI A direct transition state theory based analysis of the branching in NH2+NO SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Discussion on Combustion Chemistry CY JUL 09-11, 2001 CL UNIV LEEDS, LEEDS, ENGLAND HO UNIV LEEDS ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TOTAL RATE-CONSTANT; THEORETICAL CHARACTERIZATION; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; NO; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB A combination of high-level quantum-chemical simulations and sophisticated transition state theory analyses is employed in a study of the temperature dependence of the N2H + OH --> HNNOH recombination reaction. The implications for the branching between N2H + OH and N-2 + H2O in the NH2 + NO reaction are also explored. The transition state partition function for the N2H + OH recombination reaction is evaluated with a direct implementation of variable reaction coordinate (VRC) transition state theory (TST). The orientation dependent interaction energies are directly determined at the CAS + 1 + 2/cc-pvdz level. Corrections for basis set limitations are obtained via calculations along the cis and trans minimum energy paths employing an similar to aug-pvtz basis set. The calculated rate constant for the N2H + OH --> HNNOH recombination is found to decrease significantly with increasing temperature, in agreement with the predictions of our earlier theoretical study. Conventional transition state theory analyses, employing new coupled cluster estimates for the vibrational frequencies and energies at the saddlepoints along the NH2 + NO reaction pathway, are coupled with the VRC-TST analyses for the N2H + OH channels to provide estimates for the branching in the NH2 + NO reaction. Modest variations in the exothermicity of the reaction (1-2 kcal mol(-1)), and in a few of the saddlepoint energies (2-4 kcal mol(-1)), yield TST based predictions for the branching fraction that are in satisfactory agreement with related experimental results. The unmodified results are in reasonable agreement for higher temperatures, but predict too low a branching ratio near room temperature, as well as too steep an initial rise. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Harding, LB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2001 VL 119 BP 207 EP 222 DI 10.1039/b102235k PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 492WQ UT WOS:000172190900012 ER PT J AU Hessler, JP Seifert, S Winans, RE Fletcher, TH AF Hessler, JP Seifert, S Winans, RE Fletcher, TH TI Small-angle X-ray studies of soot inception and growth SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Discussion on Combustion Chemistry CY JUL 09-11, 2001 CL UNIV LEEDS, LEEDS, ENGLAND HO UNIV LEEDS ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; POWER-LAW APPROACH; SCATTERING; MORPHOLOGY; PYROLYSIS; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; FLAME AB The high spectral intensity of X-rays produced by the undulator at the Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Radiation Center of Argonne's Advanced Photon Source has allowed us to perform small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies of the initial distribution of soot particles formed by various fuels. SAXS provides an in situ probe of the morphology of soot in the region between 1 and 100 nm and complements the ex situ technique of electron microscopy. The basic aspects of SAXS and its potential are illustrated with measurement on a laminar flame of acetylene in air. The more complex fuel toluene has been studied in a flat-flame burner that supports a CH(4)/H(2)/air or CO/H(2)/air diffusion flame stabilized by N(2) co-flow. This burner produces a nearly constant temperature region above the flame where the pyrolysis and combustion of the heavier fuels occurs. Kinetic information is obtained by performing measurements of the scattered intensity profile as a function of the height above the burner. These profiles have been reduced to give the mean radius and dispersion of a distribution of spherical particles. Mean radii between 0.8 and 18 nm have been observed. The smallest of these is a factor of ten smaller than previously detected with Lorentz-Mie scattering. Near 1550 K, the soot distribution found in toluene shows a distinct step behavior that is consistent with model calculations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Hessler, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2001 VL 119 BP 395 EP 407 DI 10.1039/b102822g PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 492WQ UT WOS:000172190900024 ER PT J AU Miller, JA AF Miller, JA TI Combustion chemistry: Elementary reactions to macroscopic processes - Concluding Remarks SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; KETENYL RADICALS HCCO+NO; NITRIC-OXIDE; UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; MASTER EQUATION; AB-INITIO; MECHANISM; FLAMES; RECOMBINATION; DISSOCIATION C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 77 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2001 VL 119 BP 461 EP 475 DI 10.1039/b108245k PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 492WQ UT WOS:000172190900028 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Gomez, H Neumark, DM AF Liu, Z Gomez, H Neumark, DM TI Transition state spectroscopy of the I+HI reaction in clusters: Photoelectron spectroscopy of IHI-center dot Ar-n (n=1-15) SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Discussion Meeting on Cluster Dynamics CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL DURHAM, ENGLAND ID THRESHOLD PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY; NEGATIVE-ION PHOTODETACHMENT; ANION; DYNAMICS; REGION; I-2(-)CENTER-DOT-AR-N; COMPLEX; SPECTRA; I-2(-) AB We have investigated effects of solvation on the transition state spectroscopy and dynamics of the I + HI reaction by measuring the anion photoelectron (PE) spectra of the clusters IHI- . Ar-n (n = 1-5). Argon clustering results in a successive shift of the PE spectra to lower electron kinetic energies with increasing cluster size. It also leads to significant vibrational cooling in the PE spectra and facilitates the observation of features associated with symmetric stretch vibrations and hindered rotational motions of the transition state complex IHI. The shifts in electron binding energy suggest that the first six argon atoms form a ring around the waist of the IHI- anion, just as in The spacing of the I-2(-) . Ar-n. antisymmetric stretch features evolves with cluster size and is attributed at least in part to perturbation of the IHI- geometry in larger argon clusters. Intensities of features due to hindered rotation are enhanced for larger clusters, possibly due to solvent perturbation of the neutral transition state region. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2001 VL 118 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1039/b009149i PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 480MY UT WOS:000171466300015 PM 11605268 ER PT J AU Lester, MI Pond, BV Marshall, MD Anderson, DT Harding, LB Wagner, AF AF Lester, MI Pond, BV Marshall, MD Anderson, DT Harding, LB Wagner, AF TI Mapping the OH+CO -> HOCO reaction pathway through IR spectroscopy of the OH-CO reactant complex SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Discussion Meeting on Cluster Dynamics CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL DURHAM, ENGLAND ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; SHELL VANDERWAALS COMPLEXES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CROSSED-BEAM; TRANS-HOCO; + CO AB A hydrogen-bonded complex composed of the OH and CO reactants has been identified along the OH + CO --> HOCO reaction pathway. IR action spectroscopy in the OH overtone region has been used to examine the vibrational modes of the linear OH-CO complex, including intermolecular bending modes that probe portions of the reaction path leading to HOCO. The spectroscopic measurements have accessed highly excited intermolecular levels, with energies up to 250 cm(-1) above the zero-point level, which lie in close proximity to the transition state for reaction. The OH-CO binding energy, D-0 less than or equal to 430 cm(-1), has also been established from the quantum state distribution of the OH fragments following vibrational predissociation of the OH-CO complex. Complementary electronic structure calculations have been performed to characterize the OH-CO and OH-OC complexes, the transition state for HOCO formation, and the direct reaction path that connects the experimentally observed OH-CO complex to the HOCO intermediate. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lester, MI (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 45 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2001 VL 118 BP 373 EP 385 DI 10.1039/b009421h PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 480MY UT WOS:000171466300025 ER PT J AU Choosuwan, H Guo, R Bhalla, AS Balachandran, U AF Choosuwan, H Guo, R Bhalla, AS Balachandran, U TI Growth studies of (Nb2O5)(1-x): XTiO2 & (Nb2O5)(1-X): XSiO2 single crystals and their dielectric behaviors SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Asian Meeting on Ferroelectricity (AMF-3) CY DEC 12-15, 2000 CL HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA DE dielectric properties; relaxation process; Nb2O5-TiO2; Nb2O5-SiO2; single crystal; LHPG technique AB Nb2O5:TiO2 and Nb2O5:SiO2 systems show interesting dielectric properties. This presentation describes recent progress in growing (Nb2O5)(1-x):xTiO(2), (Nb2O5)(1-x):xSiO(2) ,x=0.05, single crystals by the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique and their dielectric behavior. Ceramic rods were used as seed and feed prepared by the mixed oxide method. Growth conditions such as temperature of melting zone and pulling rate were adjusted for each composition. Crystal symmetry and Growth direction were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Laue back-reflection analysis. Temperature dependences of the dielectric constant and loss tangent were measured over a broad frequency range (1 KHz-1 MHz) on sample cut parallel and the perpendicular to the growth direction. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Choosuwan, H (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2001 VL 262 IS 1-4 BP 1285 EP 1293 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 580BY UT WOS:000177215500051 ER PT J AU Martin, MC McKinney, WR AF Martin, MC McKinney, WR TI The first synchrotron infrared beamlines at the Advanced Light Source: Spectromicroscopy and fast timing SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Low Energy Electrodynamics in Solids CY JUN 21-25, 1999 CL PECS, HUNGARY SP Gordon & Breach Publishiers DE synchrotron; infrared; FTIR; beamline ID RADIATION AB Two recently commissioned infrared beamlines on the 1.4 bending magnet port at the Advanced Light Source, LBNL, are described. Using a synchrotron as an IR source provides three primary advantages: increased brightness, very fast light pulses, and enhanced far-IR flux. The considerable brightness advantage manifests itself most beneficially when performing spectroscopy on a microscopic length scale. Beamline (BL) 1.4.3 is a dedicated FTIR spectromicroscopy beamline, where a diffraction-limited spot size using the synchrotron source is utilized. BL 1.4.2 consists of a vacuum FTIR bench with a wide spectral range and step-scan capability. This BL makes use of the pulsed nature of the synchrotron light as well as the far-IR flux. Fast timing is demonstrated by observing the pulses from the electron bunch storage pattern at the ALS. Results from several experiments from both IR beamlines will be presented as an overview of the IR research currently being done at the ALS. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martin, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2001 VL 249 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1080/00150190108214960 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 470PX UT WOS:000170881300002 ER PT J AU Chen, CR Friar, JL Payne, GL AF Chen, CR Friar, JL Payne, GL TI Low-energy proton-deuteron scattering in configuration space SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TRITON GROUND-STATE; OBSERVABLES; CONTINUUM AB A new method for solving the con figuration-space Faddeev equations for elastic p-d scattering below the deuteron-breakup threshold is described. Numerical solutions that demonstrate the convergence and accuracy of the method are given. The number of channels and the value of the matching radius required to obtain an accurate solution are also investigated. These calculations demonstrate that this method can efficiently solve the large matrix equations required for the three-body scattering problem. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Chen, CR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s006010170002 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 494CV UT WOS:000172262500002 ER PT J AU Gross, F AF Gross, F TI Charge-conjugation invariance of the spectator equations SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC RESONANCE MODEL; PI-N SCATTERING; COVARIANT; UNITARY; ENERGY AB In response to recent criticism, we show how to define the spectator equations for negative energies so that charge-conjugation invariance is preserved. The result, which emerges naturally from the application of spectator principles to systems of particles with negative energies, is to replace all factors of the external energies W-i by rootW(i)(2), insuring that the amplitudes are independent of the sign of the energies W-i. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Gross, F (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s006010170015 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 430AC UT WOS:000168550100003 ER PT J AU Huber, D Friar, JL Nogga, A Witala, H van Kolck, U AF Huber, D Friar, JL Nogga, A Witala, H van Kolck, U TI Novel three-nucleon-force terms in the three-nucleon system SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID 3-NUCLEON FORCES; ANALYZING-POWER; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; MOMENTUM-SPACE; CROSS-SECTION; PI-EXCHANGE; CONTINUUM AB We include two specific three-nucleon-force terms of pion-range-short-range form in our momentum-space calculations for the three-nucleon continuum. These two terms are expected by chiral perturbation theory to be non-negligible. We study the effects of these terms in elastic neutron-deuteron scattering and pay special attention to the neutron vector-analyzing power A(y). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Living Syst AG, D-78166 Donaueschingen, Germany. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. CALTECH, Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Huber, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Nogga, Andreas/A-3354-2008 OI Nogga, Andreas/0000-0003-2156-748X NR 31 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s006010170020 PG 26 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 430AC UT WOS:000168550100008 ER PT J AU Kamada, H Huber, D Nogga, A AF Kamada, H Huber, D Nogga, A TI The c-term of the Tucson-Melbourne three-body force: To be or not to be SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTION MINIMUM; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; 3-NUCLEON FORCE; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; DEUTERON SCATTERING; POTENTIAL MODELS; ANALYZING POWER; MOMENTUM SPACE; NUCLEAR-FORCES; A(Y) PUZZLE AB By Faddeev calculations of H-3 We study the dependence of the binding energy on the three-nucleon force. We adopt the 2 pi -exchange Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force and investigate phenomenologically the dependence on the strength of the individual three-body force operators (the a-, b-, c-, and d-terms). While it is well known that the a-term is not as important as the b- and d-terms to gain the experimental binding energy, we find two solutions for the c-term, one around the value used in the original Tucson-Melbourne model and a new one close to zero. A tensor-analyzing power T-20 Of the pd elastic scattering using the modified Tucson-Melbourne model, which follows the recommendation by chiral perturbation theory that the short-range c-term should be dropped, describes the data well. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Kamada, H (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RI Nogga, Andreas/A-3354-2008 OI Nogga, Andreas/0000-0003-2156-748X NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s006010170021 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 430AC UT WOS:000168550100009 ER PT J AU Griest, WH Wise, MB Hart, KJ Lammert, SA Thompson, CV Vass, AA AF Griest, WH Wise, MB Hart, KJ Lammert, SA Thompson, CV Vass, AA TI Biological agent detection and identification by the block II chemical biological mass spectrometer SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological warfare agents; biodetection and identification; fieldable ion trap mass spectrometer; thermal hydrolysis methylation AB The Block II Chemical Biological Mass Spectrometer (CBMS) detects and identifies both chemical and biological warfare agents. Biodetection is based upon respirable particle collection by an opposed-let virtual impactor, liberation of derivatized biomarkers by thermolysis-methylation and their analysis by direct-sampling ion trap mass spectrometry in the full-scan chemical ionization mode. Results from laboratory and field trials demonstrate the capability of the Block II CBMS for biodetection and identification. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Griest, WH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2001 VL 5 IS 4 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1002/fact.1019 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 476GQ UT WOS:000171218200003 ER PT J AU Ewing, RG Miller, CJ AF Ewing, RG Miller, CJ TI Detection of volatile vapors emitted from explosives with a handheld ion mobility spectrometer SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EGDN; DMNB; vapor; IMS; taggant ID REAGENT IONS AB Vapor detection of plastic explosives is difficult because of the low vapor pressures of explosive components (i.e. RDX and PETN) present in the complex elastomeric matrix. To facilitate vapor detection of plastic explosives, detection agents (taggants) with higher vapor pressures can be added to bulk explosives during manufacture. This paper investigates the detection of two of these taggants, ethyleneglycol dinitrate (EGDN) and 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB), using a handheld ion mobility spectrometer. These two taggants were detected both from neat vapor sources as well as from bulk explosives (nitroglycerin (NG)-dynamite and C-4 tagged with DMNB). EGDN was detected from NG-dynamite as EGDN(.)NO(3)(-) at a reduced mobility value of 1.45 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) with detection limits estimated to be about 10 ppbv. DMNB was identified from tagged C-4 as both negative and positive ions with reduced mobility values of 1.33 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) for (DMNBNO2-)-N-. and 1.44 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) for (DMNBNH4+)-N-.. Positive ions for cyclohexanone were also apparent in the spectra from tagged C-4 producing three additional peaks. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Ewing, RG (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 17 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2001 VL 5 IS 5 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1002/fact.10000 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 496YH UT WOS:000172425600002 ER PT J AU Clowers, BH Steiner, WE Dion, HM Matz, LM Tam, M Tarver, EE Hill, HH AF Clowers, BH Steiner, WE Dion, HM Matz, LM Tam, M Tarver, EE Hill, HH TI Evaluation of sulfonylurea herbicides using high resolution electrospray ionization ion mobility quadrupole mass spectrometry SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ion mobility spectrometry (IMS); electrospray ionizations (ESI); pesticides; sulfonylurea; herbicides ID ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; SOIL; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLORSULFURON; SEPARATION; GROWTH; ENZYME; WATER; HPLC AB The purpose of the current study was to explore and assess the potential of high resolution electrospray ionization atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometry (ESI-AP-IMS) as a field analytical method for the detection and identification of mixtures of sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides in aqueous samples. Because of increased usage, persistent behavior, and potential for crop damage, an environmental method of analysis capable of evaluating SU herbicides in a swift and effective manner is necessary. Eight SU herbicides were evaluated using ESI-AP-IMS quadrupole mass spectrometry. The selected herbicides were chosen based upon availability and scope of use. The SU herbicide species were qualitatively identified using quadrupole mass spectrometry, followed by the determination of reduced mobility values for characteristic ions. Various mixtures of rimsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, tribenuron-methyl, and primisulfuron-methyl could be revealed using AP-IMS. The ease of use, ability to operate under ambient conditions, and relatively rapid data acquisition times make ESI-AP-IMS an attractive candidate for the analysis of aqueous environmental field samples. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Mat Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hill, HH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2001 VL 5 IS 6 BP 302 EP 312 DI 10.1002/fact.10010 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 525WX UT WOS:000174098000005 ER PT B AU Winter, V Desovski, D Cukic, B AF Winter, V Desovski, D Cukic, B GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Virtual environment modeling for requirements validation of high consequence systems SO FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering CY AUG 27-31, 2001 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers AB An essential type of "evidence" of the correctness of the requirements formalization process can be provided by human-based calculation. Human calculation can be significantly amplified by shifting from symbolic representation to graphical rep representations. Having a formally defined system model, we can visualize formulas that represent functional behavior of the system and associated safety constraints. This, in turn, provides an environment for validation of system models. The visual model strengthens specifier's ability to grasp the complexity, build a correct mental model of the system and write the symbolic specification. The visual model can also serve as a bridge between the domain expert and symbolic specification, and provide evidence of the correctness of the formalization process. As a case study, we developed a virtual environment model for the Production Cell robotic system. The model runs in ImmersaDesk Virtual Reality environment. We used this model to evaluate the applicability of virtual reality environments for software requirements validation. Although it introduces higher cost in the requirements formalization phase, this approach can be very beneficial in the development of high consequence systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM vlwinte@sandia.gov; desovski@csee.wvu.edu; cukic@csee.wvu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1125-2 PY 2001 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT70R UT WOS:000173806300006 ER PT B AU Jett, JH Cai, H Habbersett, RC Keller, RA Larson, EJ Marrone, BL Nolan, JP Song, XD Swanson, B White, PS AF Jett, JH Cai, H Habbersett, RC Keller, RA Larson, EJ Marrone, BL Nolan, JP Song, XD Swanson, B White, PS BE Layne, SP Beugelsdijk, TJ Patel, CKN TI Flow cytometry analysis techniques for high-throughput biodefense research SO FIREPOWER IN THE LAB: AUTOMATION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND BIOTERRORISM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Automation in Threat Reduction and Infectious Disease Research CY APR 29-30, 1999 CL NATL ACAD SCI, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US DOE, US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Acad Engn, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Assoc Lab Automat HO NATL ACAD SCI ID DNA; FRAGMENTS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Jett, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOSEPH HENRY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-06849-5 PY 2001 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU88C UT WOS:000177289400017 ER PT B AU Staab, TA Kramer, GW AF Staab, TA Kramer, GW BE Layne, SP Beugelsdijk, TJ Patel, CKN TI New standards and approaches for integrating instruments into laboratory automation systems SO FIREPOWER IN THE LAB: AUTOMATION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND BIOTERRORISM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Automation in Threat Reduction and Infectious Disease Research CY APR 29-30, 1999 CL NATL ACAD SCI, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US DOE, US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Acad Engn, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Assoc Lab Automat HO NATL ACAD SCI C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Robot & Automat Grp, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Staab, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Robot & Automat Grp, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOSEPH HENRY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-06849-5 PY 2001 BP 243 EP 260 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU88C UT WOS:000177289400021 ER PT B AU Foster, I AF Foster, I BE Buyya, R Mohay, G Roe, P TI The globus toolkit for grid computing SO FIRST IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE/AMC International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 15-18, 2001 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Task Force Cluster Comp, Assoc Comp Mach, SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, Queensland Univ Technol C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1011-6 PY 2001 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT38Z UT WOS:000172837500001 ER PT B AU Foster, I AF Foster, I BE Buyya, R Mohay, G Roe, P TI The anatomy of the grid: Enabling scalable virtual organizations SO FIRST IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE/AMC International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 15-18, 2001 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Task Force Cluster Comp, Assoc Comp Mach, SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, Queensland Univ Technol C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM foster@mcs.anl.gov RI Winstein, Carolee/A-8375-2008 NR 7 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1010-8; 0-7695-1011-6 PY 2001 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT38Z UT WOS:000172837500003 ER PT B AU Parvin, B Fontenay, G Taylor, J Callahan, D AF Parvin, B Fontenay, G Taylor, J Callahan, D BE Buyya, R Mohay, G Roe, P TI Declarative flow control for distributed instrumentation SO FIRST IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE/AMC International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 15-18, 2001 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Task Force Cluster Comp, Assoc Comp Mach, SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, Queensland Univ Technol AB We have developed a "microscopy channel" to advertise a unique set of on-line scientific instruments and to let users join a particular session, perform an experiment, collaborate with other users, and collect data for further analysis. The channel is a collaborative problem solving environment (CPSE) that allows for both synchronous and asynchronous collaboration, as well as flow control for enhanced scalability. The flow control is a declarative feature that enhances software functionality at the experimental scale. Our testbed includes several unique electron and optical microscopes with applications ranging from material science to cell biology. We have built a system that leverages current commercial CORBA services, Web Servers, and flow control specifications to meet diverse requirements for microscopy and experimental protocols. In this context, we have defined and enhanced Instrument Services (IS), Exchange Services (ES), Computational Services (CS), and Declarative Services (DS) that sit on top of CORBA and its enabling services (naming, trading, security, and notification) IS provides a laver of abstraction for controlling any type of microscope. ES provides a common set of utilities for information management and transaction. CS provides the analytical capabilities needed for online microscopy. DS provides mechanisms for flow control for improving the dynamic behavior of the system. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Parvin, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1011-6 PY 2001 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1109/CCGRID.2001.923175 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT38Z UT WOS:000172837500016 ER PT B AU Elwasif, WR Plank, JS Wolski, R AF Elwasif, WR Plank, JS Wolski, R BE Buyya, R Mohay, G Roe, P TI Data staging effects in wide area task farming applications SO FIRST IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE/AMC International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 15-18, 2001 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Task Force Cluster Comp, Assoc Comp Mach, SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, Queensland Univ Technol ID ARCHITECTURE AB Recent advances in computing and communication have given rise to the computational grid notion. The core of this computing paradigm is the design of a system for drawing compute power from a confederation of geographically dispersed heterogeneous resources, seamlessly and ubiquitously. If high-performance levels are to be achieved, data locality must be identified and managed. In this paper, we consider the effect of sen,er side staging on the behavior of a class of wide area "task farming" applications. We show that staging improves task throughput mainly through the increased parallelism rather than the reduction in overall turnaround time per task. We derive a model for farming applications with and without server side staging and verify the model through live experiments as well as simulations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Distributed Comp Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Elwasif, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Distributed Comp Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1011-6 PY 2001 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1109/CCGRID.2001.923184 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT38Z UT WOS:000172837500025 ER PT B AU Yoo, AB Jette, MA AF Yoo, AB Jette, MA BE Buyya, R Mohay, G Roe, P TI The characteristics of workload on ASCI Blue-Pacific at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SO FIRST IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE/AMC International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 15-18, 2001 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Task Force Cluster Comp, Assoc Comp Mach, SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, Queensland Univ Technol AB Characteristics of the workload on ASCI Blue-Pacific, a 336-node IBM SP2 SMP-cluster machine at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), are discussed in this paper. It is shown that majority of jobs have very short inter-arrival time and execution time with relatively long waiting delay. It is also shown that the node and memory demands of jobs are surprisingly small. This findings strongly encourage the use of a scheduling technique which combines both space- and time-sharing to improve system performance. Contrary to our expectations, there is little correlation between job's execution time and resource demands. Although large jobs constitute a relatively small fraction of total job population, they consume most of the resources. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM yoo2@llnl.gov; jette1@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1010-8; 0-7695-1011-6 PY 2001 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1109/CCGRID.2001.923206 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT38Z UT WOS:000172837500046 ER PT B AU Brim, M Geist, A Luethke, B Schwidder, J Scott, SL AF Brim, M Geist, A Luethke, B Schwidder, J Scott, SL BE Buyya, R Mohay, G Roe, P TI M3C: Managing and monitoring multiple clusters SO FIRST IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE/AMC International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 15-18, 2001 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Task Force Cluster Comp, Assoc Comp Mach, SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, Queensland Univ Technol AB PC clusters running Linux, provide the computational power of supercomputers of just a few years ago at a fraction of the purchase price. But the lack of good administration and user level application management tools makes the operation of clusters more difficult than it need be and results in an increased operation cost. This paper describes an ongoing effort at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to develop tools to simplify the administration and use of computation clusters. The two tools integrated in this work include the M3C (Managing and Monitoring Multiple Clusters) and C3 (Cluster Command and Control) tool suite. M3C provides a web-based graphical user interface for cluster administration. It is designed as an extendable framework that can work with different underlying back-end tools. C3 is an independent project that provides the underlying commands to effect an operation on a cluster. In this paper it serves as example how a back-end tool can be integrated into the M3C framework. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Scott, SL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1011-6 PY 2001 BP 386 EP 393 DI 10.1109/CCGRID.2001.923218 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT38Z UT WOS:000172837500057 ER PT J AU Santoianni, DA DeCroix, ME Roberts, WL AF Santoianni, DA DeCroix, ME Roberts, WL TI Temperature imaging in an unsteady propane-air counterflow diffusion flame subjected to low frequency oscillations SO FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION LA English DT Article DE unsteady diffusion flame; soot; PAH; thermometry ID OH FLUORESCENCE; STRAIN RATES; EXTINCTION; COMBUSTION AB Current emphasis in non-premixed turbulent combustion research is focused on the effects of hydrodynamic unsteadiness and transient effects in these flames. To address these effects, measurements of the temperature field in unsteady propane-air flames were made using planar laser-induced fluorescence of the hydroxyl radical to ascertain the effect of fluctuating hydrodynamics on flame temperature. Planar temperature measurements were made at four temporal locations within the 25 Hz velocity fluctuation as a function of initial steady strain rate and forcing amplitude. Results show that temperature in the propane flame is rather insensitive to initial strain rate for these weakly strained flames due to the balance between decreased heat release rate and reduced radiative losses resulting from diminished soot production as the strain rate is increased. The temperature is significantly influenced by the imposed velocity oscillation, however, which causes large fluctuations in the instantaneous strain rate. A decoupling of peak flame temperature and maximum PAH and excited CH concentration indicates significant transient effects resulting from the unsteady flow field even at these low oscillation frequencies. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Roberts, WL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6184 J9 FLOW TURBUL COMBUST JI Flow Turbul. Combust. PY 2001 VL 66 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1023/A:1011465203719 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 460BB UT WOS:000170285000002 ER PT J AU Keating, GA Bogen, KT AF Keating, GA Bogen, KT TI Methods for estimating heterocyclic amine concentrations in cooked meats in the US diet SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heterocyclic amines; food mutagens; meat; internal temperature ID FRIED BEEF PATTIES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PAN RESIDUES; AROMATIC-AMINES; VARYING DEGREES; COOKING METHOD; FOOD-PRODUCTS; UNITED-STATES; CANCER-RISK AB Heterocyclic amines (HAs) are formed in numerous cooked foods commonly consumed in the diet. A method was developed to estimate dietary HA levels using HA concentrations in experimentally cooked meats reported in the literature and meat consumption data obtained from a national dietary survey. Cooking variables (meat internal temperature and weight loss, surface temperature and time) were used to develop relationships for estimating total HA concentrations in six meat types. Concentrations of five individual HAs were estimated for specific meat type/cooking method combinations based on linear regression of total and individual HA values obtained from the literature. Using these relationships, total and individual HA concentrations were estimated for 21 meat type/cooking method combinations at four meat doneness levels. Reported consumption of the 21 meat type/ cooking method combinations was obtained from a national dietary survey and the age-specific daily HA intake calculated using the estimated HA concentrations (ng/g) and reported meat intakes. Estimated mean daily total KA intakes for children (to age 15 years) and adults (30 + years) were 11 and 7.0 ng/kg/day, respectively, with 2-amino-1 -methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) estimated to comprise approximately 65% of each intake. Pan-fried meats were the largest source of HA in the diet and chicken the largest source of HAs among the different meat types. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assess Div L396, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Keating, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assess Div L396, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM keating2@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA55861-01] NR 53 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00115-0 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 414EE UT WOS:000167652300004 PM 11259849 ER PT S AU Patience, J Duchene, G AF Patience, J Duchene, G BE Zinnecker, H TI The properties of open cluster binaries based on high-resolution imaging surveys SO FORMATION OF BINARY STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 200th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY APR 10-15, 2000 CL ASTROPHYS INST POTSDAM, POTSDAM, GERMANY SP Int Astron Union HO ASTROPHYS INST POTSDAM ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; T-TAURI STARS; TRAPEZIUM CLUSTER; YOUNG BINARIES; MULTIPLICITY; EVOLUTION; ACCRETION; OPHIUCHUS; PRAESEPE; MODELS AB With known properties such as age, distance and stellar density, young clusters provide ideal samples for binary star studies. We summarize recent results from high-resolution multiplicity surveys of IC 348, a Per, the Pleiades, the Hyades, and Praesepe. The statistics of the resolved companions are used to address binary star formation and evolution in clusters. Over the ranges of ages, densities and stellar masses covered by the clusters, it is found that the binary fraction is correlated with stellar density rather than age, and that both the binary fraction and binary mass ratio distribution depend upon mass. The impact of companions on X-ray emission and stellar rotation is also discussed. C1 IGPP, LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Astrophys Lab, Observ Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. RP Patience, J (reprint author), IGPP, LLNL, 7000 E Ave,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-068-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2001 IS 200 BP 181 EP 190 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU43W UT WOS:000175996700022 ER PT S AU Klein, RI Fisher, R McKee, CF AF Klein, RI Fisher, R McKee, CF BE Zinnecker, H TI Fragmentation and star formation in turbulent cores SO FORMATION OF BINARY STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 200th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY APR 10-15, 2000 CL ASTROPHYS INST POTSDAM, POTSDAM, GERMANY SP Int Astron Union HO ASTROPHYS INST POTSDAM ID SELF-GRAVITATIONAL HYDRODYNAMICS; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; JEANS CONDITION; COLLAPSE; PROTOSTARS; FILAMENTS; STABILITY; CRITERIA AB We examine the conditions under which binary and multiple stars may form out of turbulent molecular cloud cores using high resolution 3-D, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) hydrodynamics (Truelove et al., 1997, 1998; Klein, 1999). We argue that previous conclusions on the conditions for cloud fragmentation have limited applicability, since they did not allow for the nonlinear density and velocity perturbations that are ubiquitous in molecular cloud cores. Over the past year, we have begun to simulate the evolution of marginally stable, turbulent cores. These models have radii, masses, density contrasts, turbulent linewidths, and projected velocity gradients consistent with observations of low-mass molecular cloud cores. Our models are evolved in time under self-gravitational hydrodynamics with AMR using a barotropic equation of state that models the transition from an isothermal to an adiabatic equation of state. We examine several properties of the resulting protostellar fragments and discuss the qualitative nature of the fragmentation process in realistic cloud cores: the transition from single to binary and multiple stars; the formation of misaligned binary systems; and the role played by filament formation in the formation of stars. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, RI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-068-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2001 IS 200 BP 361 EP 370 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU43W UT WOS:000175996700043 ER PT S AU Dunning, TH Harrison, RJ AF Dunning, TH Harrison, RJ BE Cummings, PT Westmoreland, PR TI Riding the computing tidal wave: A view from computational molecular science SO FOUNDATIONS OF MOLECULAR MODELING AND SIMULATION SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Molecular Modeling and Simulation CY JUL 23-28, 2000 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP CACHE Corp, Amer Inst Chem Engineers DE molecular modeling; computational chemistry; electronic structure; Schrodinger equation; software development; parallel supercomputers; massively parallel computers; non-uniform memory access; NUMA; northwest Chem; NWChem ID MOLLER-PLESSET THEORY; COUPLED-CLUSTER; ATOMIZATION ENERGIES; ELECTRON CORRELATION; BASIS-SETS; CONVERGENCE; HYDROGEN AB A new generation of supercomputers based on clusters of shared-memory multiprocessors will provide unprecedented computing capabilities. Computer systems with this architecture capable of 1 TFLOPS (trillion arithmetic operations per second) are already in place and systems capable of 100 TFLOPS are expected to be available by 2004-5. This new capability, if it can be realized in scientific simulation software, will have a dramatic impact on our ability to model a broad range of complex natural and engineered systems. In chemistry, it will extend quantitative predictions of molecular properties to systems with as many as a hundred atoms and semi-quantitative calculations to thousands of atoms. However, the development of scientific and engineering codes for these parallel supercomputers poses a number of technical challenges. These challenges range from the development of efficient, scalable algorithms for microprocessor-based supercomputers to the development of efficient communications and input/output software for communications-intensive applications. In the development NWChem, a new molecular modeling code written specifically for parallel supercomputers, these challenges were addressed by establishing close collaborations between theoretical and computational chemists, computer scientists, and applied mathematicians. This new "community code" provides the basis for a major advance in our ability to predict the properties and behavior of molecules by bringing the full power of terascale supercomputers to bear. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dunning, TH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0839-7 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 2001 VL 97 IS 325 BP 101 EP 119 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BV83N UT WOS:000180146200012 ER PT S AU Cochran, HD Salaniwal, S Cui, ST Cummings, PT AF Cochran, HD Salaniwal, S Cui, ST Cummings, PT BE Cummings, PT Westmoreland, PR TI Self-assembly of reverse micelles by molecular dynamics simulation SO FOUNDATIONS OF MOLECULAR MODELING AND SIMULATION SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Molecular Modeling and Simulation CY JUL 23-28, 2000 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP CACHE Corp, Amer Inst Chem Engineers DE reverse micelle; self-assembly; molecular dynamics; surfactant; aggregation; carbon dioxide ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHASE; MICROEMULSIONS; WATER; MODEL; COEXISTENCE; AGGREGATION; SURFACTANTS; POTENTIALS; BEHAVIOR AB We have studied reverse micelles with aqueous cores in CO2 by molecular dynamics simulation using a potential model for the dichain surfactant, (C7H15)(C7F15)CHSO4-Na+, that we developed for this purpose. It was assembled from existing models for the sulfate head group, sodium ion, alkane tail and perfluoroalkane tail. We simulated 33 surfactant, 1,175 water, and 12,800 CO2 molecules at T = 298 K and CO2 density = 0.848 g/cm(3), the subcritical state point of small angle neutron scattering experiments. The system rapidly self-assembled into aggregates with water in the core and surfactants at the interface. Numerous rapid changes in the number of aggregates by 1 represent collisions of the surfactant tails, which did not result in coalescence. When collisions resulted in contact between aqueous cores, coalescence almost always occurred. The surfactant tails, therefore, provide steric stabilization of the aggregates. The rate of self-assembly was determined to be consistent with the theory of Smoluchowski for diffusion-limited coalescence. The strong coulombic forces and high diffusivity of molecules and aggregates, explains why the self-assembly was rapid in CO2 compared to the rate in organic liquids. The aggregates formed had the appearance of reverse micelles and their structural characteristics were consistent with experimental results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cochran, HD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0839-7 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 2001 VL 97 IS 325 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BV83N UT WOS:000180146200028 ER PT S AU Chialvo, AA Simonson, JM Kusalik, PG Cummings, PT AF Chialvo, AA Simonson, JM Kusalik, PG Cummings, PT BE Cummings, PT Westmoreland, PR TI Positional and orientational configurational temperatures from computer simulation SO FOUNDATIONS OF MOLECULAR MODELING AND SIMULATION SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Molecular Modeling and Simulation CY JUL 23-28, 2000 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP CACHE Corp, Amer Inst Chem Engineers DE configurational temperatures; Monte Carlo simulation; molecular dynamics AB We define two configurational temperatures associated with the positional r(N) and orientational omega(N) portions of the configurational phase space of the molecules in a system according to Hirschfelder's hypervirial theorem, and implement their calculation by Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. We use a simple quadrupolar Lennard-Jones fluid at normal conditions and the TIP4P model at low temperature to illustrate the use of these quantities to test the correctness of Monte Carlo simulation protocols, and as a new tool in the study of the poorly understood behavior of supercooled water. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chialvo, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0839-7 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 2001 VL 97 IS 325 BP 273 EP 275 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BV83N UT WOS:000180146200049 ER PT S AU Wurtz, R Bennett, C Blais-Ouellette, S Cook, K Wishnow, E Carr, D Lewis, I Grandmont, F Villemaire, A Abrams, M AF Wurtz, R Bennett, C Blais-Ouellette, S Cook, K Wishnow, E Carr, D Lewis, I Grandmont, F Villemaire, A Abrams, M GP OSA OSA TI Visible imaging Fourier transform spectrometer for astronomy SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL COEUR DALENE, ID C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Wurtz, R (reprint author), LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-665-6 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 51 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU62Z UT WOS:000176557500023 ER PT S AU Berggren, RR AF Berggren, RR GP OSA OSA TI Hadamard transform imaging spectrometer for pushbroom or staring use SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL COEUR DALENE, ID AB A Hadamard transform spectrometer can be used in an imaging mode, meets most needs for hyperspectral imaging, provides the throughput advantage of an FTS, and has looser mechanical tolerances. ? 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berggren, RR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-665-6 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 51 BP 91 EP 93 PG 3 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU62Z UT WOS:000176557500032 ER PT S AU Sharpe, SW Sams, RL Johnson, TJ Chu, PM AF Sharpe, SW Sams, RL Johnson, TJ Chu, PM GP OSA OSA TI Intensity artifacts in gas phase FTIR spectroscopy: Focus on the aperture SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL COEUR DALENE, ID ID TRANSFORM AB Two FTIR intensity artifacts are observed: 1) the warm annulus of the aperture seen by the detector resulted in distorted line shapes and intensities in the fingerprint region., and 2) light reflected off the aperture was double modulated by the interferometer producing a 2f alias. Corrections to remove these anomalies are discussed. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sharpe, SW (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-665-6 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 51 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU62Z UT WOS:000176557500043 ER PT S AU Osborn, DL Clegg, SM AF Osborn, DL Clegg, SM GP OSA OSA TI Time-resolved Fourier transform spectroscopy: Application to chemical kinetics SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL COEUR DALENE, ID AB Elementary gas-phase chemical kinetics can be studied using absorption-based time-resolved FTIR. We show that a Herriott cell can be used instead of a White cell to provide long absorption pathlengths. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Osborn, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Osborn, David/A-2627-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-665-6 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 51 BP 150 EP 150 PG 1 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU62Z UT WOS:000176557500051 ER PT S AU Sams, RL Blake, TA Sharpe, SW AF Sams, RL Blake, TA Sharpe, SW GP OSA OSA TI Cool spectroscopy using high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL COEUR DALENE, ID ID SUPERSONIC MOLECULAR JET; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AB The PNNL FTIR-jet spectrometer system incorporates a continuous expansion, 12 cm x 50 micron expansion source pumped by a high throughput (6000 liter/sec) system of Roots blowers. The interaction region between the supersonic expansion and infrared radiation has been multi passed to increase the signal to noise. Rotational cooling temperatures of 10-15 K are routinely achieved. The FTIR-jet spectrometer has extensive spectral coverage form 4000 to 400 cm(-1). To demonstrate the system's performance, a number of test cases including fluorocarbons, nitrous oxide monomer, nitrous oxide dimer, carbon dioxide monomer, carbon dioxide dimer, and other weakly bonded molecules will be presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sams, RL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-665-6 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 51 BP 154 EP 156 PG 3 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU62Z UT WOS:000176557500053 ER PT S AU Forslund, DW Kratz, M George, JE Koenig, S Carter, R Staab, T AF Forslund, DW Kratz, M George, JE Koenig, S Carter, R Staab, T GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI The importance of distributed, component-based healthcare information systems: The role of a service-based architecture SO FOURTEENTH IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS 2001) CY JUL 26-27, 2001 CL BETHESDA, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Computat Med, NIH, Natl Lib Med, Texas Tech Univ Coll Engn C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Forslund, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Forslund, David/0000-0002-6534-3392 NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-7125 BN 0-7695-1004-3 J9 COMP MED SY PY 2001 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1109/CBMS.2001.941701 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BS87M UT WOS:000171310500014 ER PT J AU Gorbunov, NV Morris, JE Greenberger, JS Thrall, BD AF Gorbunov, NV Morris, JE Greenberger, JS Thrall, BD TI Assesment of oxidative stress using cloned murine bone marrow stromal cells (D2XRIIGFP24) transferred with a p53-responsive EGFP reporter vector SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Canc Inst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2001 VL 31 SU 1 MA 283 BP S94 EP S94 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 491EZ UT WOS:000172096200300 ER PT J AU Gorbunov, NV Morris, JE Greenberger, JS Thrall, BD AF Gorbunov, NV Morris, JE Greenberger, JS Thrall, BD TI Assessment of oxidative stress using cloned murine bone marrow stromal cells (D2XRIIGFP24) transferred with a p53-responsive EGFP reporter vector SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Canc Inst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2001 VL 31 SU 1 MA 282 BP S94 EP S94 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 491EZ UT WOS:000172096200298 ER PT J AU Kachadourian, R Liochev, SI Cabelli, DE Patel, MN Fridovich, I Day, BJ AF Kachadourian, R Liochev, SI Cabelli, DE Patel, MN Fridovich, I Day, BJ TI 2-methoxyestradiol does not inhibit superoxide dismutase SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2001 VL 31 SU 1 MA 29 BP S19 EP S19 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 491EZ UT WOS:000172096200046 ER PT B AU Apollinari, G AF Apollinari, G CA CDF Collaboration BE Astbury, A Campbell, BA Khanna, FC Vincter, MG TI Recent b-physics results from CDF SO FROM PARTICLES TO THE UNIVERSE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Lake-Louise Winter Institute CY FEB 20-26, 2000 CL LAKE LOUISE, CANADA SP Univ Alberta, Inst Particle Phys, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, TRIUMF ID P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; COLLIDER DETECTOR; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; CP-VIOLATION; TOP-QUARK; FERMILAB; VERTEX AB We review recent studies of CP violation and rare decays in the b-sector performed with the CDF detector at the Fermilab (p) over barp Tevatron Collider operating at roots = 1.8 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 400 B-d(0) --> J/psiK(s)(0) and three different flavor tagging algorithms for the identification of the meson type at production, CDF determines a value for the CP asymmetry parameter sin2 beta of 0.79(-0.44)(+0.41) consistent with the Standard Model predictions. Other results on rare b-decays are reported, and a discussion of future b-physics measurements in Run II is included. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Apollinari, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4437-1 PY 2001 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1142/9789812811752_0005 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT14B UT WOS:000172067900005 ER PT B AU Fugleberg, T AF Fugleberg, T BE Astbury, A Campbell, BA Khanna, FC Vincter, MG TI Can induced theta vacua be created in heavy ion collisions? SO FROM PARTICLES TO THE UNIVERSE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Lake-Louise Winter Institute CY FEB 20-26, 2000 CL LAKE LOUISE, CANADA SP Univ Alberta, Inst Particle Phys, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, TRIUMF ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; QCD; NEUTRON; DEPENDENCE AB The subject of this talk is the formation of induced theta -vacuum states in heavy ion collisions. We tested this idea numerically in a simple model where we studied the evolution of the phases of the chiral condensates in QCD with two quark flavors and with non-zero theta (ind)-parameter. We found formation of a non-zero theta (ind)-vacuum with a formation time of the order of 10(-23) seconds. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Fugleberg, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Nucl Theory Grp, 20 Penn St, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4437-1 PY 2001 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1142/9789812811752_0017 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT14B UT WOS:000172067900017 ER PT B AU Gershtein, Y AF Gershtein, Y CA CDF Collaboration DO Collaboration BE Astbury, A Campbell, BA Khanna, FC Vincter, MG TI Searches for new phenomena in the Tevatron Run II SO FROM PARTICLES TO THE UNIVERSE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Lake-Louise Winter Institute CY FEB 20-26, 2000 CL LAKE LOUISE, CANADA SP Univ Alberta, Inst Particle Phys, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, TRIUMF ID MEDIATED SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; FERMILAB TEVATRON; MODELS; SLEPTONS AB We discuss the strategy of searches for new physics at Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron. Emphasis is made on the final-state oriented searches. Recent developments in triggering on isolated tracks are discussed in this context. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60501 USA. RP Gershtein, Y (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60501 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4437-1 PY 2001 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1142/9789812811752_0021 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT14B UT WOS:000172067900021 ER PT B AU Nigg, DW AF Nigg, DW BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Current trends and progress in the physics of BNCT SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Nigg, DW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800002 ER PT B AU Diaz, AZ Chanana, AD Capala, J Chadha, M Coderre, JA Elowitz, EH Iwai, J Joel, DD Liu, HYB Ma, RM Pendzick, N Peress, NS Shady, MS Slatkin, DN Tyson, GW Wielopolski, L AF Diaz, AZ Chanana, AD Capala, J Chadha, M Coderre, JA Elowitz, EH Iwai, J Joel, DD Liu, HYB Ma, RM Pendzick, N Peress, NS Shady, MS Slatkin, DN Tyson, GW Wielopolski, L BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Boron neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma multiforme - Results from the initial phase I/II dose escalation studies SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID BORONOPHENYLALANINE; IRRADIATIONS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Diaz, AZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 61 EP 72 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800005 ER PT B AU Diaz, AZ Chanana, AD Capala, J Ma, RM AF Diaz, AZ Chanana, AD Capala, J Ma, RM BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Patterns of tumor progression following BNCT of glioblastoma multiforme SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Diaz, AZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 93 EP 97 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800009 ER PT B AU Rorer, D Patti, F Ma, R Chanana, AD Liu, HB AF Rorer, D Patti, F Ma, R Chanana, AD Liu, HB BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Upgrade of the epithermal neutron beam using U-235 fission plates at Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor (BMRR) SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Reactor Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rorer, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Reactor Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800039 ER PT B AU Ludewigt, BA Bleuel, DL Chu, WT Donahue, RJ Kwan, J Reginato, LL Wells, RR AF Ludewigt, BA Bleuel, DL Chu, WT Donahue, RJ Kwan, J Reginato, LL Wells, RR BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Development of an accelerator-based BNCT facility at the Berkeley Lab SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; DESIGN; BEAM C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ludewigt, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 435 EP 440 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800060 ER PT B AU Leung, KN Lee, Y Verbeke, JM Vujic, J Williams, MD Wu, LK Zahir, N AF Leung, KN Lee, Y Verbeke, JM Vujic, J Williams, MD Wu, LK Zahir, N BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI A sealed-accelerator-tube neutron generator for borcon neutron capture therapy application SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID MULTICUSP AB Radio-frequency (RF) driven ion sources are being developed in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for sealed-accelerator-tube neutron generator applications. By using a 2.5-cm-diameter RF-driven multicusp source and a computer designed 100keV accelerator column, peak extractable hydrogen current exceeding 1A from a 3-mm-diameter aperture, together with H+ yields over 94% have been achieved. These experimental findings together with recent moderator design will enable one to develop compact 14MeV neutron generators based on the D-T fusion reaction. In this new neutron generator, the ion source, the accelerator and the target are all housed in a sealed metal container without pumping. With a 120keV and 1A deuteron beam, it is estimated that a treatment time of similar to45 minutes is needed for boron neutron capture therapy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leung, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 455 EP 459 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800063 ER PT B AU Wielopolski, L Ludewig, H Powell, JR Raparia, D Alessi, JG Lowenstein, DI AF Wielopolski, L Ludewig, H Powell, JR Raparia, D Alessi, JG Lowenstein, DI BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Analysis of accelerator based neutron spectra for BNCT using proton recoil spectroscopy SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID CAPTURE THERAPY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Bldg 490-D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lwielo@bnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 515 EP 521 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800072 ER PT B AU Martin, RC Alexander, CW Simmons, CM Marsh, DL AF Martin, RC Alexander, CW Simmons, CM Marsh, DL BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Applications of californium-252 and the californium user facility for neutron capture therapy research SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Martin, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 529 EP 534 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800074 ER PT B AU Ma, R Capala, I Coderre, J Diaz, AZ Greenberg, D Liu, HB Slatkin, DN Chanana, AD AF Ma, R Capala, I Coderre, J Diaz, AZ Greenberg, D Liu, HB Slatkin, DN Chanana, AD BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Radiation risks from p-boronophenylalanine-mediated BNCT for glioblastoma multiforme SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ma, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 571 EP 574 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800080 ER PT B AU Capala, J Coderre, JA Diaz, AZ Ma, R Chanana, AD AF Capala, J Coderre, JA Diaz, AZ Ma, R Chanana, AD BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Nominal effective radiation doses delivered to the tumor and different parts of the normal brain during BNCT for glioblastoma multiforme SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; IRRADIATIONS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Capala, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 575 EP 579 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800081 ER PT B AU Holden, NE Hu, JP Greenberg, DD Reciniello, RN AF Holden, NE Hu, JP Greenberg, DD Reciniello, RN BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Radiation dosimetry for NCT facilities at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 587 EP 591 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800083 ER PT B AU Bleuel, DL Donahue, RJ Ludewigt, BA Vujic, J AF Bleuel, DL Donahue, RJ Ludewigt, BA Vujic, J BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Development of a neutron energy-biased in-air figure-of-merit for predicting in-phantom BNCT neutron beam characteristics SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID CAPTURE THERAPY C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bleuel, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 671 EP 679 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800097 ER PT B AU Wemple, CA Wheeler, FJ Nigg, DW AF Wemple, CA Wheeler, FJ Nigg, DW BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Modifications to rtt_MC for fast neutron therapy treatment planning SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wemple, CA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 715 EP 722 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800103 ER PT B AU Nigg, DW Wemple, CA Risler, R Hartwell, JK Harker, YD Laramore, GE AF Nigg, DW Wemple, CA Risler, R Hartwell, JK Harker, YD Laramore, GE BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Modification of the University of Washington neutron radiotherapy facility for optimization of neutron-capture-enhanced fast neutron therapy SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Nigg, DW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS 3855,EROB Bldg,2525 N Fremont, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 729 EP 734 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800105 ER PT B AU Glass, JD Makar, MS Coderre, JA AF Glass, JD Makar, MS Coderre, JA BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Bsmel: An aromatic amino acid analog of high boron content, easily prepared from B-10 enrichedand stereochemically pure precursors SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID BORONOPHENYLALANINE C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Glass, JD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 813 EP 817 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800119 ER PT B AU Wittig, A Sauerwein, WA Coderre, JA AF Wittig, A Sauerwein, WA Coderre, JA BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI BPA uptake and efflux through the cellular membrane SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID AMINO-ACID-TRANSPORT; GLIOBLASTOMA-MULTIFORME; IN-VITRO; BORONOPHENYLALANINE; BORON; CELLS; RAT C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wittig, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 979 EP 983 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800148 ER PT B AU Joel, DD Coderre, JA Micca, PL Nawrocky, MA AF Joel, DD Coderre, JA Micca, PL Nawrocky, MA BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Effect of dose and infusion time on the delivery of p-boronophenylalanine for neutron capture therapy SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID GLIOBLASTOMA-MULTIFORME; BORON C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coderre, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 997 EP 1002 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800151 ER PT B AU Blakely, EA Bjornstad, KA Maletinska, L Callahan, DE Knoff, LJ Deen, DF Forte, TM AF Blakely, EA Bjornstad, KA Maletinska, L Callahan, DE Knoff, LJ Deen, DF Forte, TM BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI LDL receptor status of human glioblastoma cells SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blakely, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 1085 EP 1088 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800165 ER PT B AU Nigg, DW Wemple, CA Wheeler, FJ Wessol, DE Yanch, JC Scoville, CD AF Nigg, DW Wemple, CA Wheeler, FJ Wessol, DE Yanch, JC Scoville, CD BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Computational dosimetry for boron neutron capture synovectomy SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Nigg, DW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 1159 EP 1163 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800177 ER PT B AU Coderre, JA Morris, GM Ma, RM Micca, PL Lombardo, DT Youngs, KM Kalef-Ezra, J AF Coderre, JA Morris, GM Ma, RM Micca, PL Lombardo, DT Youngs, KM Kalef-Ezra, J BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Split-dose bnct irradiations of rat oral mucosa and rat brain tumor using BPA - Effects on tolerance and survival SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coderre, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 1279 EP 1283 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800195 ER PT B AU Miura, M Micca, PL Lombardo, DT Youngs, KM Morris, GM Kalef-Ezra, JA Ma, RM Coderre, JA AF Miura, M Micca, PL Lombardo, DT Youngs, KM Morris, GM Kalef-Ezra, JA Ma, RM Coderre, JA BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Efficacy of boron neutron-capture therapy using a carborane-containing tetraphenylporphyrin in mice bearing emt-6 tumors SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID P-BORONOPHENYLALANINE; BIODISTRIBUTION; BOROCAPTATE; TOXICITY; SODIUM; GLIOMA C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miura, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pmicca@bnl.gov; gmorris@radius.JR2.ox.ac.uk; ma2@bnl.gov; coderre@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 1285 EP 1291 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800196 ER PT B AU Coderre, JA Capala, J Ma, RM Makar, M AF Coderre, JA Capala, J Ma, RM Makar, M BE Hawthorne, MF Shelly, K Wiersema, RJ TI Cell survival following in vitro irradiation at depth in a lucite phantom as a measure of epithermal beam RBE SO FRONTIERS IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP US DOE, Natl Canc Inst, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coderre, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46442-X PY 2001 BP 1329 EP 1333 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU36J UT WOS:000175774800203 ER PT B AU Samara, GA AF Samara, GA BE Hochheimer, HD Kuchta, B Dorhout, PK Yarger, JL TI From ferroelectric to quantum paraelectric: KTa1-xNbxO3 (KTN), a model system SO FRONTIERS OF HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH II: APPLICATION OF HIGH PRESSURE TO LOW-DIMENSIONAL NOVEL ELECTRONIC MATERIALS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Frontiers of High Pressure Reseach II - Application of High Pressure to Low-Dimensional Novel Electronic Materials CY JUN 10-15, 2001 CL PRINGREE PK, CO SP NATO ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PRESSURE AB The effects of pressure on the dielectric properties and phase transitions were investigated for a number of KTN compositions revealing the richness of phenomena involved. Crystals with x > 0.1 exhibit ferroelectric soft-mode behavior and for x similar or equal to 0.02 a pressure-induced ferroelectric-to-relaxor crossover occurs. The system also exhibits a pressure- induced crossover from classical-to-quantum behavior ultimately leading to the complete suppression of the phase transition and the formation of a quantum paraelectric state. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Samara, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0159-2 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2001 VL 48 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA BU85S UT WOS:000177209200014 ER PT S AU Kemme, SA Spahn, OB Christenson, TR Sweatt, WC Wendt, JR Peters, DW Carter, TR Samora, S AF Kemme, SA Spahn, OB Christenson, TR Sweatt, WC Wendt, JR Peters, DW Carter, TR Samora, S BE Descour, MR Rantala, JT TI Four-function optical switch with LIGA alignment plates SO FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION OF OPTO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Functional Integration of Opto-Electro-Mechanical Devices and Systems CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE AB The design and on-going fabrication of an opto-electro-mechanical microsystem that acts as a four-function optical fiber switch will be presented. The four functions of the 2X2 optical switch include 1) Normal mode, where channel A and channel B pass light straight through, 2) Loopback mode, when light originating in channel A is detected in the B leg, 3) Monitor A mode, where a probe pulse is inserted into channel B and any reflections are detected in the A leg, and 4) Monitor B mode, the compliment of 3) above. The Monitor A and Monitor B modes allow the microsystem to operate as an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR). High spatial frequency gratings etched in fused silica configure the light beams through free-space substrate-mode propagation. The design for an OTDR-mode transmission grating that normally passes light from an incidence angle of 45 degrees within the silica substrate as well as passes light from a normal incidence straight through the silica will be discussed. A miniature commercial drive motor, positioned with LIGA alignment plates, rotates the optical grating disk into one of the four implemented function positions. The impact of required tolerances and packaging limitations on the optics, LIGA alignment plates, and the complete microsystem will be presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kemme, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3962-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4284 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.426865 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BS36R UT WOS:000169642200004 ER PT S AU Tiegs, TN Santella, ML Blue, CA Menchhofer, PA Goranson, F AF Tiegs, TN Santella, ML Blue, CA Menchhofer, PA Goranson, F BE Trumble, K Bowman, K Reimanis, I Sampath, S TI FGM fabrication by surface thermal treatments of TiC-Ni3Al composites SO FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2000 SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials CY SEP 10-14, 2000 CL ESTES PK, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, USA Off Res, USN Off Res AB TiC-Ni3Al composites containing 30-50 vol. % of Ni3Al alloy as the binder phase were subjected to both laser and infrared surface treatments in order to assess the effect on microstructure and properties. The laser treatment produced significant thermal transients which resulted in dendritic growth of the TiC grains. Because the laser was operated in a pulsed mode with over-lapping spots, some areas were melted and remelted as the laser was scanned across the surface. The interface between the melt-remelt areas revealed differences in the TiC grain size depending on the local heating and cooling conditions experienced. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tiegs, TN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Menchhofer, Paul/E-1529-2017 OI Menchhofer, Paul/0000-0001-9475-314X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-110-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 114 BP 357 EP 363 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BW85Y UT WOS:000183415800043 ER PT S AU Windes, WE Erickson, AW Zimmerman, J AF Windes, WE Erickson, AW Zimmerman, J BE Trumble, K Bowman, K Reimanis, I Sampath, S TI Continuously graded metal - Ceramic geometries using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) SO FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2000 SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials CY SEP 10-14, 2000 CL ESTES PK, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, USA Off Res, USN Off Res ID LAYERED CERAMICS; SUSPENSIONS; ETHANOL AB A graded Ni-Al2O3 structure was deposited on a nickel substrate using Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) methods. Simultaneous deposition of metallic and ceramic particles was achieved by adjusting the solid particle density, electrolytic bath, and electrical potential allowing similar electrophoretic behavior between metallic and ceramic powders in the slurry. Deposition parameters for alumina-nickel cermet compositions were determined allowing a certain degree of control over the layer geometry and compositional gradient. Layered and continuously graded FGM structures transitioning from pure nickel to pure alumina were fabricated. After deposition "green" deposits were dried, consolidated in a hot press at 1350 degreesC, and characterized for compositional consistency and morphology in. the microstructure of the layers. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Windes, WE (reprint author), INEEL, 2351 N Blvd, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Zimmerman, Jeramy/C-2273-2009 OI Zimmerman, Jeramy/0000-0001-8936-5345 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-110-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 114 BP 451 EP 458 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BW85Y UT WOS:000183415800054 ER PT S AU Cray, LJ Kaplan, T Richardson, JD Paulino, GH AF Cray, LJ Kaplan, T Richardson, JD Paulino, GH BE Trumble, K Bowman, K Reimanis, I Sampath, S TI Boundary integral analysis for functionally graded materials SO FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2000 SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials CY SEP 10-14, 2000 CL ESTES PK, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, USA Off Res, USN Off Res AB Free space Green's functions are derived for functionally graded materials (FGM's) in which the thermal conductivity varies exponentially in one coordinate. Closed form expressions are obtained for the time independent (steady state) equation in three dimensions. The corresponding boundary integral equation formulation for this problem is derived and has been implemented numerically using a Galerkin approximation. The results of test calculations are in excellent agreement with exact solutions and finite element simulations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cray, LJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-110-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 114 BP 501 EP 512 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BW85Y UT WOS:000183415800060 ER PT S AU Steffler, ED AF Steffler, ED BE Trumble, K Bowman, K Reimanis, I Sampath, S TI Applications of phase shifted moire interferometry SO FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2000 SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials CY SEP 10-14, 2000 CL ESTES PK, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, USA Off Res, USN Off Res AB Full field, high resolution displacement measurements are essential to understand complex mechanical deformation and to validate numerical results. Moire interferometry is used to measure sub-micron displacements in regions of import such as near crack tip singularity fields, near interface deformation, shear-compression loaded fracture and mechanical response of graded materials. An overview of phase-shifted moire interferometry (PSMI) capabilities and limitations will be presented with specific examples of recent and ongoing projects. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Steffler, ED (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS 2218, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-110-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 114 BP 595 EP 602 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BW85Y UT WOS:000183415800071 ER PT S AU Peters, MI Vaidya, RU Castro, RG Petrovic, JJ Hollis, KJ Gallegos, DE AF Peters, MI Vaidya, RU Castro, RG Petrovic, JJ Hollis, KJ Gallegos, DE BE Trumble, K Bowman, K Reimanis, I Sampath, S TI Functionally graded MoSi2-Al2O3 tubes for temperature sensor applications SO FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2000 SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials CY SEP 10-14, 2000 CL ESTES PK, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, USA Off Res, USN Off Res ID MOLYBDENUM DISILICIDE AB MOSi2 and Al2O3 are thermodynamically stable elevated temperature materials whose thermal expansion coefficients match closely. Composites of these materials have potential for applications such as protective sheaths for high temperature sensors. MOSi2-Al2O3 functionally graded tubes were fabricated using advanced plasma spray-forming techniques. Both continuously-graded and layered-graded tube microstructures were synthesized. The characteristics of the graded microstructures and the features of the graded mechanical properties of these tubes will be discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peters, MI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-110-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 114 BP 611 EP 618 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BW85Y UT WOS:000183415800073 ER PT B AU Bastasz, R Allendorf, MD AF Bastasz, R Allendorf, MD BE Swihart, MT Allendorf, MD Meyyappan, M TI Probing the adsorption of fluorine on aluminum (111) surfaces by low-energy ion scattering and density functional calculations SO FUNDAMENTAL GAS-PHASE AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF VAPOR-PHASE DEPOSITION II AND PROCESS CONTROL, DIAGNOSTICS, AND MODELING IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANFACTURING IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Fundamental Gas-Phase and Surface Chem of Vapor-Phase Deposition/4th Symp on Process Control, Diagnost and Modeling in Semiconductor Mfg CY MAR 26, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat & Dielect Sci & Technol Div ID PLANE-WAVE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ACCURATE AB Low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) measurements were performed to probe the adsorption of fluorine to the aluminum (I 11) surface. When well-ordered surfaces were exposed to fluorine using a XeF2 source, LEIS signals characteristic of surface ordering disappear, indicating that fluorine covers the surface in a disordered fashion. At submonolayer coverages, a slight enhancement along the [211] direction is observed, suggesting that sites with 3-fold symmetry may be energetically somewhat more stable than the on-top sites. These observations are supported by density functional calculations for a 7-layer periodic-slab structure. The calculations indicate that the binding energies of fluorine to the three different sites are very similar. Although the on-top site is found to be the least stable, its energy is predicted to lie only similar to 3.5 kcal mol(-1) above the fcc site (predicted to be the lowest-energy site). The Al-F binding energy to the on-top site is predicted to be 107 kcal mol(-1), which is considerably smaller than the Al-F dissociation energy in gas-phase AIF(3). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bastasz, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-319-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 13 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BW17X UT WOS:000181082600008 ER PT B AU Pawlowski, RP Salinger, AG Habermehl, SD Ho, P AF Pawlowski, RP Salinger, AG Habermehl, SD Ho, P BE Swihart, MT Allendorf, MD Meyyappan, M TI Modeling of a silane LPCVD process used for microelectronics and MEMS fabrication SO FUNDAMENTAL GAS-PHASE AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF VAPOR-PHASE DEPOSITION II AND PROCESS CONTROL, DIAGNOSTICS, AND MODELING IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANFACTURING IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Fundamental Gas-Phase and Surface Chem of Vapor-Phase Deposition/4th Symp on Process Control, Diagnost and Modeling in Semiconductor Mfg CY MAR 26, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat & Dielect Sci & Technol Div ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; REACTOR AB This paper investigates the LPCVD of undoped polysilicon thin films from silane for application to Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). A previously published mechanism is refined and validated based on experimental data from a commercial LPCVD reactor. Two reactor scale models with different levels of complexity are used to validate the mechanism. Once verified, the mechanism is applied to both reactor and feature scale models to aid in the design of more efficient processes for MEMS fabrication. At the reactor scale, the effects of altering gas inlet and wafer loads on deposition rate uniformity are studied. Using boundary conditions supplied by the reactor scale model, feature scale models are used to develop design rules for assessing the operability of various shapes for MEMS. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pawlowski, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-319-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 13 BP 276 EP 283 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BW17X UT WOS:000181082600035 ER PT B AU Carroll, DW Pesiri, DR Salazar, KV Trkula, M Rau, JA Sandoval, CW AF Carroll, DW Pesiri, DR Salazar, KV Trkula, M Rau, JA Sandoval, CW BE Swihart, MT Allendorf, MD Meyyappan, M TI Codeposition of the deb-palladium hydrogen getter system SO FUNDAMENTAL GAS-PHASE AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF VAPOR-PHASE DEPOSITION II AND PROCESS CONTROL, DIAGNOSTICS, AND MODELING IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANFACTURING IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Fundamental Gas-Phase and Surface Chem of Vapor-Phase Deposition/4th Symp on Process Control, Diagnost and Modeling in Semiconductor Mfg CY MAR 26, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat & Dielect Sci & Technol Div AB Hydrogen getters have been used in U.S. Department of Energy components for over 20 years. Current getter systems use an acetylenic organic material with a carbon-supported metal catalyst (1,4-bis [phenylethynyl] benzene [DEB] and palladium/carbon). Traditional preparation of this getter is done by mixing the DEB with palladium and carbon in a ball mill process followed by pressing, remilling, and pelletizing before final assembly into perforated getter support tubes. The tubes are placed in the components in a location somewhat remote from potential sources of hydrogen. A new chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) codeposition process has been developed for fabricating the palladium-catalyzed DEB getter. The process involves the codeposition of the DEB/Pd/carbon onto planar and complex surfaces and infiltration into porous substrates using modern CVD and PVD techniques. DEB was sublimed from solid DEB. Palladium and carbon were produced through the UV photolysis (254 nm) of allylcyclopentadienylpalladium, which was synthesized for this project. The DEB and the palladium/carbon precursor are admitted simultaneously to the reaction chamber via bubbler reservoirs. The codeposition processing is simple, low-temperature, scalable, and lends itself well to placing the getter onto complex shapes and substrates of various compositions. The new getter deposition technique offers the potential advantages of high surface area, ease of component surveillance and remanufacture, and intimate contact with source materials evolving hydrogen and those most sensitive to attack by hydrogen. Hydrogen uptake on getter produced by the new codeposition technique has been demonstrated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coatings Grp, MST 7, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carroll, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coatings Grp, MST 7, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-319-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 13 BP 348 EP 355 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BW17X UT WOS:000181082600044 ER PT B AU Zurek, AK AF Zurek, AK BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Dynamic ductile evolution and tensile fracture: new experimental insights for models evaluation SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID BRITTLE-FRACTURE; SURFACES; METALS; SPALLATION; FAILURE; GROWTH; DIMENSION; CHARACTER; CRITERIA; FRACTALS AB Under dynamic loading conditions, the rapid nature of the fracture process may simultaneously activate a considerable number of nucleation sites for void formation at the region of the tensile stress field. The growth and coalescence of these voids forms the deformation plane and eventually the fracture surface. Attempts to quantify damage evolution during fracture using microstructural observations, specifically for spallation, were pioneered by Seaman and his coworkers. They performed incipient spallation experiments in which they imposed a peak stress below the spall strength of the material, thereby developing an incipient spallation zone rather than complete separation. When this experimental methodology is applied, recovery techniques are utilized to recover the deformed samples without introducing any additional damage. Seaman and his coworkers, and later Lacomme, et al., developed damage quantification techniques based on area measurements of incipient fracture. However, measuring the area of a fracture opening with a certain degree of precision from a two dimensional image can be extremely inaccurate due to the irregular shape of the image. In recent years several techniques have been developed, or improved, that may allow a better and more accurate quantification of image features observed in metallographic analyses in incipient damage of fracture surfaces. Many of these measured quantities are essential towards developing a solid, robust understanding necessary for a good constitutive model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zurek, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50108-X PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600017 ER PT B AU Gray, GT Vecchio, KS Lopez, MF AF Gray, GT Vecchio, KS Lopez, MF BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Influence of microstructural anisotropy on the quasi-static and dynamic fracture of 1080 eutectoid steel SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID CYLINDER IMPACT TEST; TOUGHNESS AB The influence of crystallographic texture on elastic and plastic constitutive response has seen extensive investigation in recent years. In contrast, the influence of anisotropy on the fracture of engineering materials remains less explored. In particular, the influence of anisotropy, both crystallographic and morphological, on the dynamic fracture behavior of materials remains largely unquantified. In this study, the quasi-static and dynamic fracture of 1080-steel has been studied as a function of microstructural morphological anisotropy. Previous research has shown how crystallographic anisotropy can control ductile damage evolution. In this study, the role of microstructural anisotropy, due to the presence of elongated MnS stringers, resident within a crystallographically isotropic eutectoid steel was investigated. The quasi-static and dynamic fracture response of a fully-pearlitic 1080 steel was found to be dominated by the heterogeneous nucleation of damage normal and orthogonal to the MnS stringers. Delamination between the matrix pearlitic microstructure and the MnS stringers was seen to lead to significantly lower quasi-static and dynamic tensile strains to failure during transverse loading compared to loading parallel to the stringer axis. The constitutive and damage behavior of a 1080 eutectoid steel as a function of loading direction, stress state, and temperature is discussed with reference to the influence of morphological anisotropy on void nucleation and growth. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gray, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MailStop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50112-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600021 ER PT B AU Tonks, DL Zurek, AK Thissell, WR AF Tonks, DL Zurek, AK Thissell, WR BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Modeling incipient spallation in commercially pure tantalum SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID SHOCK AB We model commercially pure tantalum incipient spallation data from normal plate impact gas gun experiments. VISAR traces of the free surface velocity, porosity profiles from recovered samples, and void density profiles from three shots at 200, 220, and 254 m/s impact velocity are included. The three quantities measured are compared with versions calculated in the ID hydrocode, FIDO. The damage modeling includes a stress based nucleation model, an early time cavitation wave void growth model, and a late time macroscopic porosity growth model. The fitting is reasonably successful. Possible improvements are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tonks, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50157-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600066 ER PT B AU Macdougall, DAS Maudlin, PJ AF Macdougall, DAS Maudlin, PJ BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI The proportion of plastic work converted to heat in Ti-6Al-4V: MTS model prediction and experimental data SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID SPECIMEN SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; STRAIN-RATE DEFORMATION; TESTS; BAR AB The physically-based Mechanical Threshold Stress (MTS) flow stress model, proposed by Mecking and Kocks [1] and developed further by Follansbee and Kocks [2], is used to make predictions of the proportion of plastic work converted to heat, beta, in the alloy Ti-6Al-4V. This alloy is widely used in the aerospace industry to manufacture components that are designed to resist impact, such as turbine fan-blades. Good knowledge of beta and its variation with plastic strain may be necessary to produce more accurate finite element simulation results involving high strain-rate plastic deformation. The necessary material parameters for the MTS model were characterized by Follansbee and Gray [3] from compression experiments on Ti-6Al-4V rolled-plate over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. High strain-rate torsion tests were performed on a different stock of Ti-6Al-4V plate using a torsional split-Hopkinson pressure bar at a strain rate of 400s(-1) [4]. An infrared radiometer [5] was used to follow the surface temperature of the specimen during the test. The experimental measurement of beta is compared to predictions based on a thermodynamic constitutive approach involving the MTS model. Both results indicate that beta is initially a strong function of strain, and saturates at higher plastic strains. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Macdougall, DAS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-08,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50159-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600068 ER PT B AU Paisley, DL Swift, DC Forsman, AC Johnson, RP Kyrala, GA AF Paisley, DL Swift, DC Forsman, AC Johnson, RP Kyrala, GA BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Dynamic material property studies by laser-launched flyer plate impact and transient x-ray diffraction SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID SHOCKED CRYSTALS AB Laser pulses with the proper spatial and temporal profiles can be used to generate shock pulses of known pressure and duration, and/or launch one-dimensional flyer plates for the purpose of studying dynamic properties of materials. The Los Alamos Trident laser is one of several lasers that has been used to launch 1-D plates of various metals, such as copper, aluminum, gold, and SS316. Flyer plates from 2-100 microns thick by 3-6 mm diameter have been launched to velocities ranging from 0.2 - > 5 km/s, and impacted on target materials. Dynamic tensile spall strengths have been determined at strain rates > 10(7) sec(-1). The Trident laser provides maximum flexibility in energy (up to 500 J), pulse duration (1 - > 200 ns), and pulse temporal and spatial profiles providing the capability to launch thick (> 200 micron) flyer plates without ringing - shock reverberation that occurs using lasers with less versatility. The laser-launched flyer plates pen-nit shocks that are well-defined in pressure and pulse duration. Associated diagnostics such as line-VISAR, point-VISAR, pulsed x-ray backlighting provide the ability to measure shock and particle velocities while probing the internal structure of materials by x-ray diffraction. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paisley, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-24, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 575 EP 580 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50164-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600073 ER PT B AU Stokes, JL Nesterenko, VF Shlachter, JS Fulton, RD Indrakanti, SS Gu, YB AF Stokes, JL Nesterenko, VF Shlachter, JS Fulton, RD Indrakanti, SS Gu, YB BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Comparative behavior of Ti and 304 stainless steel in a magnetically-driven implosion at the Pegasus-II facility SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID STRAIN-RATE DEFORMATION; ADIABATIC SHEAR BANDS; SILICON-CARBIDE; LOCALIZATION; COMMINUTION; COLLAPSE AB The PEGASUS-II facility, a pulsed power capacitor bank capable of delivering several megamperes of current to a cylindrical conducting liner, was used for the magnetic implosion of a thick-walled cylinder to study two-dimensional high-strain-rate flow in different materials. Boundary conditions of loading (dynamic pressure) were monitored by the measurement of magnetic field outside of the composite cylinder. The kinematics of flow were measured using three radial x-ray radiographs at different azimuthal angles and different times after the start of current through the cylinder. The composite liner consisted of separate stacked cylinders of 304L stainless steel or Ti between Cu cylinders. It was demonstrated that a magnetically-driven composite thick-walled cylinder is able to preserve cylindrical symmetry at the level of strain large enough to initiate material instability and at the same time avoid typical geometric instability for thin walled cylinders. The results are contrary to the expected behavior based on uniform plastic flow of these materials. This is explained based on the plastic flow instability and formation of multiple shear bands in Ti. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Stokes, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, IP-22,MSD-410, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 585 EP 592 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50166-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600075 ER PT B AU Asay, JR Hall, CA Knudson, M AF Asay, JR Hall, CA Knudson, M BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Recent advances in high-pressure equation-of-state capabilities SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID SHOCK-WAVE AB For many scientific and programmatic applications, it is necessary to determine the shock compression response of materials to several tens of Mbar. In addition, a complete EOS is often needed in these applications, which requires that shock data be supplemented with other information, such as temperature measurements or by EOS data off the principal Hugoniot. Recent developments in the use of fast pulsed power techniques for EOS studies have been useful in achieving these goals. In particular, the Z accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories, which develops over 20 million amperes of current in 100-200 ns, can be used to produce multi-Mbar shock pressures and to obtain continuous compression data to pressures exceeding 1 Mbar. With this technique, isentropic compression data have been obtained on several materials to pressures of several hundred kbar. The technique has also been used to launch ultra-high velocity flyer plates to a maximum velocity of 14 km/s, which can be used to produce impact pressures of several Mbar in low impedance materials and over 10 Mbar in high impedance materials. The paper will review developments in both of these areas. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Asay, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 621 EP 631 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50171-6 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600080 ER PT B AU Trott, WM Castaneda, JN O'Hare, JJ Knudson, MD Chhabildas, LC Baer, MR Asay, JR AF Trott, WM Castaneda, JN O'Hare, JJ Knudson, MD Chhabildas, LC Baer, MR Asay, JR BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Examination of the mesoscopic scale response of shock compressed heterogeneous materials using a line-imaging velocity interferometer SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB AB In order to provide detailed response data for validation of three dimensional numerical simulations of heterogeneous materials subjected to impact loading, an optically recording velocity interferometer system (ORVIS) has been adapted to a line-imaging instrument capable of generating precise mesoscopic scale measurements of spatially resolved velocity variations during dynamic deformation. While the use of this diagnostic has been demonstrated on several different classes of heterogeneous materials, studies have focused on pressed, granular sugar as a simulant material for the widely used explosive HMX. Tests on this material address mesoscopic scale thermomechanical effects in the absence of complications due to rapid reactions. For low-density (65 percent theoretical maximum density) pressings of sugar, material response has been investigated as a function of both impact velocity and changes in particle size distribution. The amplitude and frequency of observed transverse and longitudinal wave structures are generally consistent with the highly structured mesoscopic response seen in the 3-D simulations. In parallel with instrumental developments, several approaches for detailed analysis of the spatially resolved velocity-time data are being evaluated. The utility of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) filtering for reduction of certain types of ORVIS image data has been demonstrated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trott, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50174-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600083 ER PT B AU Alexander, DJ Robbins, DL Sheffield, SA AF Alexander, DJ Robbins, DL Sheffield, SA BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Spall studies in copper foils using the laser-driven miniflyer SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB AB Spalling has been studied in thin (100 to 400 microns thick) copper foil with the laser-driven mini-flyer technique, in which a laser pulse is used to launch a small copper flyer (3 mm diameter by 50 microns thick) against a copper target. Both annealed and heavily cold-rolled copper (99.95+%) have been examined. By controlling the laser energy, and thus the flyer velocity, a full range of spall behavior has been examined, from no damage, to incipient failure, to essentially complete separation. Target back-surface velocities have been recorded by VISAR instrumentation, and the targets have been sectioned and examined metallographically. In the annealed copper, no effect of specimen thickness (100, 200, or 400 microns) was observed. The spall strength of the annealed copper, as estimated from the magnitude of the VISAR pull-back velocity, initially increased as the flyer velocity increased, and then became independent of the flyer velocity over the range examined, at 3 GPa. The spall strength of the cold-rolled copper (100 microns thick) was independent of the flyer velocity, but was much lower than that of the annealed copper, at 2 GPa. Void nucleation in the annealed copper was difficult and infrequent, but no obvious crystallographic or microstructural effects could be discerned. Abundant and homogeneous void nucleation occurred in the cold-rolled copper. Analysis of the VISAR signals provided further insights into the process of void growth and failure. Wave signals corresponding to the thickness of the spall layer could be distinguished at very early times in the VISAR trace, indicating that void formation occurred very early in the failure process. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alexander, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 661 EP 668 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50176-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600085 ER PT S AU Samara, GA Boatner, LA AF Samara, GA Boatner, LA BE Krakauer, H TI Pressure as a probe of ferroelectric properties: Quantum regime SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Williamsburg Workshop on Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 04-07, 2001 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Coll William & Mary ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PARAELECTRICS; SR1-XCAXTIO3; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALS AB Quantum fluctuations can strongly influence the low temperature response of a system near a structural phase transition. Among the manifestations of quantum fluctuations at ferroelectric phase transitions are the suppression of the transition temperature, T-c, below its classical value, the emergence of a special critical point - the quantum displacive limit where T-c = 0 K, and the ultimate development of a quantum paraelectric state. To study these quantum effects as well as the crossover from the classical to the quantum regime, it is necessary to shift T-c to the appropriate low-temperature range. This is conventionally done by chemical substitution, but we find that high pressure is a "cleaner" variable. After a brief summary of earlier theoretical and experimental work, results on KTaO3 and KTN crystals doped with similar to 0.05 at % Ca or Ba are presented. The addition of these two dopants introduces dipolar defects into the KTaO3 lattice which strongly enhance the dielectric susceptibility of the host lattice in the quantum regime. In a Ca-doped KTN crystal with 2.3 at % Nb, pressure induces a crossover from normal ferroelectric to a relaxor state which on further increase in pressure crosses over to a quantum paraelectric phase. With Ba-doping KTaO3 remains a quantum paraelectric. Because the characteristic energies are small in the quantum regime, the properties are very strongly dependent on pressure and biasing electric fields. The results are discussed in terms of the physics involved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Samara, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0021-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 582 BP 155 EP 164 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BT20H UT WOS:000172263800017 ER PT B AU Salmeron, M Kopta, S Barrena, E Ocal, C AF Salmeron, M Kopta, S Barrena, E Ocal, C BE Bhushan, B TI Atomic scale origin of adhesion and friction: Viscoelastic effects in model lubricant monolayers SO FUNDAMENTALS OF TRIBOLOGY AND BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THE MACRO-AND MICRO/NANOSCALES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Fundamentals of Tribology and Bridging the Gap Between the Macro-and Micro/Nanoscales CY AUG 13-25, 2000 CL KESZTHELY, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci & Environm Affairs Div ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; AU(111); CONTACT; PRESSURE; SURFACE; FILMS; MICA AB We discuss the origin of energy dissipation in friction with model lubricant monolayers of alkyl-silanes and thiols. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) and Sum Frequency Generation vibrational spectrocopy (SFG) were used to study the structure of the films, (ordering, thickness, molecular conformation), as a function of applied load. We show that energy dissipation can be described in terms of excitation of specific molecular rearrangements. This include generation of terminal gauche defects at loads of 20 to 80 MPa and collective tilts of the alkyl chains at certain threshold loads in the GPa regime. The rigid molecular tilts are accompanied by stepwise increases in friction. Only a discrete number of tilt angles and corresponding film heights are observed. The results are explained by a simple close packing and chain interlocking model driven by the van der Waals attractive energy. Friction energy is spent in overcoming an activation energy barrier for tilting. The activation consists in a slight increase in the separation (similar to0.2 Angstrom) between chains to allow the interlocked alkyl chains to slide past each other. The increase in separation causes a loss of cohesive energy of the film. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ocal, Carmen/G-8590-2013 OI Ocal, Carmen/0000-0001-8790-8844 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6836-3 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2001 VL 10 BP 41 EP 52 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BS17A UT WOS:000168949100003 ER PT S AU Blau, PJ AF Blau, PJ BE Bhushan, B TI Friction mechanisms and modeling on the macroscale SO FUNDAMENTALS OF TRIBOLOGY AND BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THE MACRO-AND MICRO/NANOSCALES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Fundamentals of Tribology and Bridging the Gap Between the Macro-and Micro/Nanoscales CY AUG 13-25, 2000 CL KESZTHELY, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci & Environm Affairs Div C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blau, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM blaupj@ornl.gov NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 0-7923-6837-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2001 VL 10 BP 241 EP 260 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BS17A UT WOS:000168949100016 ER PT B AU Blau, PJ AF Blau, PJ BE Bhushan, B TI Experimental aspects of friction research on the macroscale SO FUNDAMENTALS OF TRIBOLOGY AND BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THE MACRO-AND MICRO/NANOSCALES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Fundamentals of Tribology and Bridging the Gap Between the Macro-and Micro/Nanoscales CY AUG 13-25, 2000 CL KESZTHELY, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci & Environm Affairs Div C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blau, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6836-3 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2001 VL 10 BP 261 EP 278 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BS17A UT WOS:000168949100017 ER PT B AU Salmeron, M AF Salmeron, M BE Bhushan, B TI Nanoscale wetting and de-wetting of lubricants with scanning polarization force microscopy SO FUNDAMENTALS OF TRIBOLOGY AND BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THE MACRO-AND MICRO/NANOSCALES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Fundamentals of Tribology and Bridging the Gap Between the Macro-and Micro/Nanoscales CY AUG 13-25, 2000 CL KESZTHELY, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci & Environm Affairs Div ID NANOMETER RESOLUTION; CAPILLARY PHENOMENA; LIQUID STRUCTURES; WATER; SURFACE; FILMS; MICA; CONDENSATION; DROPLETS AB We present the technique of scanning polarization force microscopy (SPFM), which is based on the use of electrostatic forces in an atomic force microscope. Although, traditionally, electrostatic forces have been used only for imaging of electrically conductive substrates (metal and doped semiconductors), it can be used on insulating materials as well. This is because the electric field at the sharp tip of a conductive AFM cantilever (biased relative to a remote ground) is strong and polarizes the substrate to create an image charge that depends on the local dielectric properties. We will show applications of SPFM to studies of wetting and spreading of various liquids, in particular, the lubricants used in computer hard disks. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6836-3 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2001 VL 10 BP 651 EP 662 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BS17A UT WOS:000168949100049 ER PT J AU Bartels, HW Enoeda, M Futterer, M Kleefeldt, K McCarthy, K AF Bartels, HW Enoeda, M Futterer, M Kleefeldt, K McCarthy, K TI ITER test-blanket safety assessment SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Fusion Power Plant Safety CY JUN 13-16, 2000 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy DE assessment; ITER; safety blanket AB One of the missions of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project is to serve as a test bed for various test blanket concepts. Part of the design for these test modules is to assess their impact on the safety of ITER. This paper presents a set of safety analyses, which were performed on a consistent basis of analysis assumptions and safety requirements. The four basic concepts investigated are a helium-cooled ceramic breeder, a water-cooled ceramic breeder, a water-cooled Pb-17Li breeder, and a liquid lithium self-cooled concept. The analysis performed so far has confirmed the expectation of little safety impact from the test modules, except in a few areas. The use of liquid lithium poses well-known risks of chemical reactivity, which need to be further addressed. For the water-cooled Pb-17Li concept the need was confirmed for further R&D on reactivity of Pb-17Li with water to quantitatively assess bounding scenarios. For the water-cooled ceramic test module the analysis has identified the issue of excessive Be-steam reactions, which needs further investigations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 JWS, ITER Garching, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Blanket Engn Lab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. CEA Cadarache, DRN, DER, SPRC, F-13108 St Paul Durance, France. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IRS, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Bartels, HW (reprint author), JWS, ITER Garching, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00565-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 413MA UT WOS:000167614900002 ER PT J AU Cadwallader, LC AF Cadwallader, LC TI Comparisons of facility-specific and generic component failure rates for tritium-bearing components used in fusion research SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Fusion Power Plant Safety CY JUN 13-16, 2000 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy DE fusion; component failure rate; safety; tritium AB This paper compares the component failure rates for continuous operation and function-on-demand components that confine tritium, and provides recommendations on values to use for fusion applications. Since a tritium release to the environment can create a significant public hazard, the safety and reliability of tritium systems is very important for fusion research experiments and future power plants. Probabilistic safety assessment techniques are used to evaluate the safety of tritium handling. A foundation for meaningful probabilistic safety assessment is the application of accurate component failure rate data. The component failure rate values discussed here have been calculated and analyzed from fusion research facilities, the US Tritium Systems Test Assembly and Japan's Tritium Process Laboratory. The generic failure rate data compared in this paper were taken from published sources in US and Canada. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All-rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Cadwallader, LC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Cadwallader, Lee/F-6933-2014 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00554-8 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 413MA UT WOS:000167614900005 ER PT J AU Merrill, BJ AF Merrill, BJ TI A lithium-air reaction model for the MELCOR code for analyzing lithium fires in fusion reactors SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Fusion Power Plant Safety CY JUN 13-16, 2000 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy DE lithium pool fire modeling; MELCOR; fusion safety AB This paper details the initial modifications made to the MELCOR code that allow it to predict the consequences of lithium spill accidents for evolving fusion reactor designs. These modifications include thermodynamic and transport properties of lithium, and physical models for predicting the rate of reaction of, and energy production from the lithium-air reaction. A benchmarking study was performed with this new MELCOR capability. Two lithium-air reaction tests conducted at the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL) were selected for this benchmark study. Excellent agreement was achieved between MELCOR predictions and the measured data, when several empirically derived coefficients were used. Recommendations for modeling lithium fires with MELCOR and for future work in this area concluded this paper. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Merrill, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 485 EP 493 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00577-9 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 413MA UT WOS:000167614900018 ER PT J AU Petti, DA McCarthy, KA AF Petti, DA McCarthy, KA TI Future directions in US fusion safety and environmental activities SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Fusion Power Plant Safety CY JUN 13-16, 2000 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy DE US fusion safety and environmental activities; plasma science; fusion technology AB Over the last 30 years, the US fusion program has been a program with a focused energy mission. In recent years, the mission has changed to one that is centered on advancing plasma science, fusion science and fusion technology - the knowledge base needed for an economically and environmentally attractive fusion energy source. In this paper, we discuss the future directions of US fusion safety and environmental R&D and design support activities that are being taken in response to this change in overall mission. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 INEEL, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Petti, DA (reprint author), INEEL, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 537 EP 545 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00582-2 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 413MA UT WOS:000167614900023 ER PT J AU Smolik, GR Pawelko, RJ Anderl, RA Petti, DA AF Smolik, GR Pawelko, RJ Anderl, RA Petti, DA TI Oxidation and volatilization from tungsten brush high heat flux armor during steam exposure SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Fusion Power Plant Safety CY JUN 13-16, 2000 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy AB Tungsten brush accommodates thermal stresses and high heat flux in fusion reactor components such as plasma facing surfaces or armor. However, inherently higher surface areas are introduced with the brush design. We have tested a specific design of tungsten brush in steam between 500 and 1100 degreesC. Hydrogen generation and tungsten volatilization rates were determined to address fusion safety issues. The brush design prepared from 3.2-mm diameter welding rods had a packing density of 85%. We found that both hydrogen generation and tungsten volatilization from brush, fixtured to represent a unit within a larger component, were less than projections based upon the integrated total surface area (TSA). Steam access and the escape of hydrogen and volatile oxide from void spaces within the brush are restricted compared with specimens with more direct diffusion pathways to the test environment. Hydrogen generation rates from restrained specimens based on normal surface area (NSA) remain about five times higher than historic rates based on total surface area. Volatilization rates from restrained specimens based upon normal surface area (NSA) were only 50% higher than our historic cumulative maximum flux plot (CMFP) for tungsten. This study has shown that hydrogen generation and tungsten volatilization from brush do not scale according to predictions with earlier determined rates. Volatilization rates from brush with higher packing density could, in fact, approach those from flat surfaces. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Smolik, GR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 583 EP 591 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00571-8 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 413MA UT WOS:000167614900028 ER PT J AU Luce, TC Petty, CC Schuster, DI Makowski, MA AF Luce, TC Petty, CC Schuster, DI Makowski, MA TI Determination of the electron cyclotron current drive profile SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAEA TCM on ECRH Physics and Technology for Fusion Devices and the 11th Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Heating CY OCT 04-08, 1999 CL OH, JAPAN SP IAEA, Tech Comm, Japan Atom Energy Inst, RF Heating Lab DE electron cyclotron waves; motional stark effect; current density ID NONINDUCTIVE CURRENT; TOKAMAK PLASMAS AB Evaluation of the profile of non-inductive current density driven by absorption of electron cyclotron waves (ECCD) using time evolution of the poloidal flux indicated a broader profile than predicted by theory. To determine the nature of this broadening, a 1-1/2 D transport calculation of current density evolution was used to generate the signals which the DIII-D motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic would measure in the event that the current density evolution followed the neoclassical Ohm's law with the theoretical ECCD profile. Comparison of the measured MSE data with the simulations indicates the experimental data is consistent with the narrow ECCD profile predicted by theory. The simulations indicate the magnitude of the ECCD is at or above the value found in Fokker-Planck calculations of the ECCD, which includes quasilinear and parallel electric field effects. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Luce, TC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 53 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00506-8 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 396KC UT WOS:000166634600043 ER PT J AU Urbanus, WH Bratman, VL Bongers, WA Caplan, M Denisov, GG van der Geer, CAJ Manintveld, P Militsyn, B Oomens, AAM Poelman, AJ Plomp, J Pluygers, J Savilov, AV Smeets, PHM Sterk, AB Verhoeven, AGA AF Urbanus, WH Bratman, VL Bongers, WA Caplan, M Denisov, GG van der Geer, CAJ Manintveld, P Militsyn, B Oomens, AAM Poelman, AJ Plomp, J Pluygers, J Savilov, AV Smeets, PHM Sterk, AB Verhoeven, AGA TI A high power, tunable free electron maser for fusion SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAEA TCM on ECRH Physics and Technology for Fusion Devices and the 11th Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Heating CY OCT 04-08, 1999 CL OH, JAPAN SP IAEA, Tech Comm, Japan Atom Energy Inst, RF Heating Lab ID FEM AB The Fusion-FEM experiment, a high-power, electrostatic free-electron maser being built at the FOM-Institute for Plasma Physics 'Rijnhuizen', is operated at various frequencies. So far, experiments were done without a depressed collector, and the pulse length was limited to 12 mus. Nevertheless, many aspects of generation of mm-wave power have been explored, such as the dependency on the electron beam energy and beam current, and cavity settings such as the feedback coefficient. An output power of 730 kW at 206 GHz is generated with a 7.2 A, 1.77 MeV electron beam, and 360 kW at 167 GHz is generated with a 7.4 A, 1.61 MeV electron beam. It is shown experimentally and by simulations that, depending on the electron beam energy, the FEM can operate in single-frequency regime. The next step of the FEM experiment is to reach a pulse length of 100 ms. The major part of the beam line, the high voltage systems, and the collector have been completed. The undulator and mm-wave cavity are now at high voltage (2 MV). The new mm-wave transmission line, which transports the mm-wave output power from the high-voltage terminal to ground and outside the pressure tank, has been tested at low power. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EURATOM Assoc, FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, NL-3439 MN Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Urbanus, WH (reprint author), EURATOM Assoc, FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, Edisonbaan 14, NL-3439 MN Nieuwegein, Netherlands. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 53 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00515-9 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 396KC UT WOS:000166634600051 ER PT S AU Baca, AG Monier, C Chang, PC Li, NY Newman, F Armour, E Sun, SZ Hou, HQ AF Baca, AG Monier, C Chang, PC Li, NY Newman, F Armour, E Sun, SZ Hou, HQ GP IEEE IEEE TI High-speed performance of NpNInGaAsN-based double heterojunction bipolar transistors SO GAAS IC SYMPOSIUM, TECHNICAL DIGEST 2001 SE TECHNICAL DIGEST - IEEE GALLIUM ARSENIDE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual IEEE GaAs IC Symposium CY OCT 21-24, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc AB We report the fabrication of double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) with the use of a new quaternary InGaAsN material system that takes advantage of a low energy band gap in the base to reduce operating voltages in GaAs-based electronic devices. InGaP/ In0.03Ga0.97As0.99N0.01/GaAs DHBTs with improved band gap engineering at both heterojunctions exhibit a DC peak current gain over 16 with small active emitter area. The use of the InGaAsN base layer allows a significant reduction of the turn-on voltage by 250 mV for the new technology over a standard InGaP/GaAs HBT, while maintaining high-frequency characteristics with cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency as high as 40 GHz and 70 GHz, respectively. This technology Is promising for next generation rf circuits using GaAs-based HBTs by reducing the operating voltage for low power consumption and better handling of supply voltages In advanced wireless handsets. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baca, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1064-7775 BN 0-7803-6663-8 J9 TG IEEE GAL ARS PY 2001 BP 192 EP 194 DI 10.1109/GAAS.2001.964376 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BT68H UT WOS:000173723800043 ER PT S AU Fux, R Axelrod, T Popowski, P AF Fux, R Axelrod, T Popowski, P BE Schilizzi, RT Vogel, SN Paresce, F Elvis, MS TI The 3D structure of the galactic bulge from the MACHO red clump stars SO GALAXIES AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS AT THE HIGHEST ANGULAR RESOLUTIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union ID DYNAMICS; DISTANCE; BAR C1 Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fux, R (reprint author), Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-066-8 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2001 IS 205 BP 234 EP 235 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU43Z UT WOS:000175998000079 ER PT S AU Park, HS Ables, E Barthelmy, S Bradshaw, M Cline, T Gehrels, N Hartmann, D Hurley, K Nemiroff, R Pereira, W Perez-Ramirez, D Williams, GG Ziock, K AF Park, HS Ables, E Barthelmy, S Bradshaw, M Cline, T Gehrels, N Hartmann, D Hurley, K Nemiroff, R Pereira, W Perez-Ramirez, D Williams, GG Ziock, K BE Ritz, S Gehrels, N Shrader, CR TI Super-LOTIS/LOTIS/LITE: Prompt GRB followup experiments SO GAMMA 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001 Symposium CY APR 04-06, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NASA, US DOE, Italian Space Agcy, TRW, Spectrum Astro, Lockheed Martin, SW Res, Orbital Sci, USRA, GLAST, Compton Gamma Ray Observ, Swift, INTEGRAL ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AB LOTIS (Livermore Optical Transient Imaging System) and Super-LOTIS are automatic telescope systems that measure very prompt optical emission occurring within seconds of the gamma-ray energy release during a Gamma Ray Burst (GRB). Unlike hour-to-days delayed afterglow measurements, very early measurements will contain information about the GRB progenitor. To accomplish this, we developed and have been operating automated telescopes that rapidly image GRB coordinate error boxes in response to triggers distributed by the GRB Coordinate Distribution Network (GCN). LOTIS, located in California, consists of 4 cameras each with a different astronomical filter (B, V, R, open) that can respond to GRB triggers within 5 s. Super-LOTIS can point to any part of the sky within 30 s upon receipt of a GCN trigger and its sensitivity is as deep as V=17similar to19 depending on the integration times. Since the shutdown of the CGRO, there has been no real-time GRB triggers that enable the LOTIS systems to measure real-time GRB counterpart fluxes as of May 2001. This paper describes performance of these systems. We also present our plan to replace the current optical CCD camera on the Super-LOTIS to a near infrared camera to be able to probe dusty GRB environment. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0027-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 587 BP 181 EP 184 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT56P UT WOS:000173389400034 ER PT S AU Band, DL AF Band, DL BE Ritz, S Gehrels, N Shrader, CR TI Intensity distributions of gamma-ray bursts SO GAMMA 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001 Symposium CY APR 04-06, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NASA, US DOE, Italian Space Agcy, TRW, Spectrum Astro, Lockheed Martin, SW Res, Orbital Sci, USRA, GLAST, Compton Gamma Ray Observ, Swift, INTEGRAL ID BATSE AB Observations of individual bursts chosen by the vagaries of telescope availability demonstrated that bursts are not standard candles and that their apparent energy can be as great as 1054 erg. However, deter-mining the distribution of their apparent energy (and of other burst properties) requires the statistical analysis of a well-defined burst sample; the sample definition includes the threshold for including a burst in the sample. Thus optical groups need to report the criteria behind the decision to search for a spectroscopic redshift. Currently the burst samples are insufficient to choose between lognormal and power law functional forms of the distribution, and the parameter values for these functional forms differ between burst samples. Similarly, the actual intensity distribution may be broader than observed, with a low energy tail extending below the detection threshold. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Band, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0027-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 587 BP 223 EP 227 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT56P UT WOS:000173389400043 ER PT B AU Band, D Jimenez, R Piran, T AF Band, D Jimenez, R Piran, T BE Costa, E Frontera, F Hjorth, J TI Host galaxies as gamma-ray burst distance indicators SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE AFTERGLOW ERA SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era CY OCT 17-20, 2000 CL CNR, ROME, ITALY SP ESO, Alenia Aerosp, Laben & Nuova Telespazio HO CNR AB We calculate the distributions of the total burst energy, the peak luminosity and the X-ray afterglow energy using burst observations and distances to the associated host galaxies. To expand the sample, we include redshift estimates for host galaxies without spectroscopic redshifts. The methodology requires a model of the host galaxy population; we find that in the best model the burst rate is proportional to the host galaxy luminosity at the time of the burst. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87505 USA. RP Band, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-2, Los Alamos, NM 87505 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42771-6 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2001 BP 215 EP 217 DI 10.1007/10853853_59 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT78E UT WOS:000174050300059 ER PT B AU Band, D Cherry, M Stacy, J Guzik, T Kappadath, S Buckley, J Hink, P Macri, J McConnell, M Ryan, J Matteson, J AF Band, D Cherry, M Stacy, J Guzik, T Kappadath, S Buckley, J Hink, P Macri, J McConnell, M Ryan, J Matteson, J BE Costa, E Frontera, F Hjorth, J TI Progress on MARGIE, a gamma-ray burst ultra-long duration balloon mission SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE AFTERGLOW ERA SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era CY OCT 17-20, 2000 CL CNR, ROME, ITALY SP ESO, Alenia Aerosp, Laben & Nuova Telespazio HO CNR AB We are designing the Minute of Arc Resolution Gamma-ray Imaging Experiment (MARGIE) as a 100 day Ultra Long Duration Balloon (ULDB) mission to: a) detect and localize gamma-ray bursts; and b) survey the hard X-ray sky. Major advances in designing the CZT detectors increase the sensitivity to higher energy. Design of the gondola has also progressed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Band, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dband@lanl.gov; cherry@phunds.phys.lsu.edu; gstacy@phunds.phys.lsu.edu; buckley@cosray2.wustl.edu; hink@wuphys.wustl.edu; jmacri@unh.edu; mark.mcconnell@unh.edu; jryan@unh.edu; jmatteson@ucsd.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42771-6 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2001 BP 384 EP 386 DI 10.1007/10853853_105 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT78E UT WOS:000174050300105 ER PT B AU Fenimore, EE Galassi, M AF Fenimore, EE Galassi, M BE Costa, E Frontera, F Hjorth, J TI The HETE triggering algorithm SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE AFTERGLOW ERA SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era CY OCT 17-20, 2000 CL CNR, ROME, ITALY SP ESO, Alenia Aerosp, Laben & Nuova Telespazio HO CNR AB The High Energy Transient Explorer uses a triggering algorithm for gammaray bursts that can achieve near the statistical limit by fitting to several background regions to remove trends. Dozens of trigger criteria run simultaneously covering time scales from 80 msec to 10.5 sec or longer. Each criteria is controlled by about 25 constants which gives the flexibility to search wide parameter spaces. On orbit, we have been able to operate at 6sigma, a factor of two more sensitive than previous experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Fenimore, EE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42771-6 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2001 BP 393 EP 395 DI 10.1007/10853853_108 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT78E UT WOS:000174050300108 ER PT B AU Preger, B Fenimore, EE Costa, E AF Preger, B Fenimore, EE Costa, E BE Costa, E Frontera, F Hjorth, J TI Event rates in SuperAGILE and HETE SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE AFTERGLOW ERA SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era CY OCT 17-20, 2000 CL CNR, ROME, ITALY SP ESO, Alenia Aerosp, Laben & Nuova Telespazio HO CNR C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Preger, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42771-6 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2001 BP 421 EP 423 DI 10.1007/10853853_116 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT78E UT WOS:000174050300116 ER PT B AU Monroe, SS Holmes, JL Belliot, GM AF Monroe, SS Holmes, JL Belliot, GM BE Chadwick, D Goode, JA TI Molecular epidemiology of human astroviruses SO GASTROENTERITIS VIRUSES SE NOVARTIS FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gastroenteritis Viruses CY MAY 16-18, 2000 CL NOVARTIS FDN, LONDON, ENGLAND HO NOVARTIS FDN ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CODING REGION; RNA SEQUENCE; GASTROENTERITIS; SEROTYPES; CHILDREN; VIRUSES; DIARRHEA; INFECTION AB Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are associated with 5-9 percent of cases of gastroenteritis in young children. Seven serotypes (HAstV-1 to -7), which correlate with genotypes, have been defined by using immune typing methods. We have used partial nucleotide sequence information from the capsid protein gene for molecular typing of 29 unique human astrovirus strains obtained from prospective studies of children with gastroenteritis in Egypt and Malawi. HAstV-1 was the most commonly detected strain, consistent with previous studies, but a surprising variety of strains were identified in both collections. An eighth astrovirus type, HAstV-8, has been defined on the basis of the complete capsid protein gene sequence and was detected in both collections analysed in this study. Although HAstV-8 and HAstV-4 strains segregate into well resolved clades by analysis of sequences from the region encoding protein P2 (VP32), the pair-wise distances between these types are less than those between strains of the other serotypes. In contrast, analysis of sequences from the region encoding protein P3 unambiguously resolve HAstV-4 and HAstV-8 strains, consistent with their classification as distinct serotypes. Overall, strains representing six of the eight serotypes were detected in two collections of samples from prospective studies of gastroenteritis in young children indicating that multiple astrovirus types are frequently co-circulating within communities. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Monroe, SS (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER PO19 1UD, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-49663-4 J9 NOVART FDN SYMP PY 2001 VL 238 BP 237 EP 249 PG 13 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Medicine, General & Internal; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; General & Internal Medicine; Virology GA BS91F UT WOS:000171368200013 PM 11444029 ER PT J AU Flodman, P Macula, AJ Spence, MA Torney, DC AF Flodman, P Macula, AJ Spence, MA Torney, DC TI Preliminary implementation of new data mining techniques for the analysis of simulation data from genetic analysis workshop 12: Problem 2 SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Genetic Analysis Workshop 12 (GAW12) CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX DE complex disease genetics studies; data mining AB We introduce a new data mining method applicable to complex disease genetics. Our approach is suited to a broad spectrum of diseases, identifying the noteworthy sharing of combinations of alleles in unrelated affected individuals. Furthermore, this approach may be extended to comprise the common types of genotype data, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, candidate-gene sequences, etc. Using a method derived from data-mining computer algorithms, we analyze a data set of unrelated affected individuals chosen from the simulated pedigrees of problem 2 of the Genetics Analysis Workshop 12. We observe that most marker subsets containing a flanking marker for each of six or seven of the disease-gene loci yield significant numbers of individuals manifesting substantially similar genotypes. However, initial attempts (blind to the generating model) to identify the predisposing loci have not been successful. Refining our methods so that such loci may routinely be found and validated is underway. ((C)) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Orange, CA 92868 USA. SUNY Coll Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Round Ideas Inst, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Bldg 2,3rd Floor,101 City Dr, Orange, CA 92868 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0741-0395 EI 1098-2272 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PY 2001 VL 21 SU 1 BP S390 EP S395 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 480LK UT WOS:000171462700073 PM 11793705 ER PT J AU Calhoun, DH Bonner, CA Gu, W Xie, G Jensen, RA AF Calhoun, David H. Bonner, Carol A. Gu, Wei Xie, Gary Jensen, Roy A. TI The emerging periplasm-localized subclass of AroQ chorismate mutases, exemplified by those from Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: Chorismate mutases of the AroQ homology class are widespread in the Bacteria and the Archaea. Many of these exist as domains that are fused with other aromatic-pathway catalytic domains. Among the monofunctional AroQ proteins, that from Erwinia herbicola was previously shown to have a cleavable signal peptide and located in the periplasmic compartment. Whether or not this might be unique to E. herbicola was unknown. Results: The gene coding for the AroQ protein was cloned from Salmonella typhimurium, and the AroQ protein purified from both S. typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown to have a periplasmic location. The periplasmic chorismate mutases (denoted *AroQ) are shown to be a distinct subclass of AroQ, being about twice the size of cytoplasmic AroQ proteins. The increased size is due to a carboxy-terminal extension of unknown function. In addition, a so-far novel aromatic aminotransferase was shown to be present in the periplasm of P. aeruginosa. Conclusions: Our analysis has detected a number of additional *aroQ genes. The joint presence of *AroQ, cyclohexadienyl dehydratase and aromatic aminotransferase in the periplasmic compartment of P. aeruginosa comprises a complete chorismate-to-phenylalanine pathway and accounts for the "hidden overflow pathway" to phenylalanine described previously. C1 [Calhoun, David H.; Jensen, Roy A.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Bonner, Carol A.; Gu, Wei; Xie, Gary; Jensen, Roy A.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Xie, Gary; Jensen, Roy A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Jensen, RA (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM rjensen@ufl.edu FU NIH [RCMI RR08168] FX This work was supported in part by NIH grant RCMI RR08168. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 EI 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2001 VL 2 IS 8 AR 0030.1 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA V12FE UT WOS:000207584300008 ER PT J AU Yarema, KJ Bertozzi, CR AF Yarema, Kevin J. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI Characterizing glycosylation pathways SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CHINESE-HAMSTER OVARY; SIALIC-ACID; CELLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; GLYCANS; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES; GLYCOBIOLOGY; EXPRESSION; SIALURIA; MUTANTS AB Numerous factors that influence cell-surface carbohydrate composition remain to be elucidated. The combination of novel biochemical and metabolism-based approaches with emerging genomic methods promises to accelerate efforts to understand glycosylation. C1 [Yarema, Kevin J.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, GWC Whiting Sch Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM bertozzi@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 EI 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2001 VL 2 IS 5 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA V12FB UT WOS:000207584000003 ER PT J AU Touchman, JW Dehejia, A Chiba-Falek, O Cabin, DE Schwartz, JR Orrison, BM Polymeropoulos, MH Nussbaum, RL AF Touchman, JW Dehejia, A Chiba-Falek, O Cabin, DE Schwartz, JR Orrison, BM Polymeropoulos, MH Nussbaum, RL TI Human and mouse alpha-synuclein genes: Comparative genomic sequence analysis and identification of a novel gene regulatory element SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MESSENGER-RNA; DNA; POLYMORPHISM; ASSIGNMENT; MUTATION AB The human alpha -synuclein gene (SNCA) encodes a presynaptic nerve terminal protein that was originally identified as a precursor of the non-beta -amyloid component of Alzheimer's disease plaques. More recently, mutations in SNCA have been identified in some cases of familial Parkinson's disease, presenting numerous new areas of investigation for this important disease. Molecular studies would benefit from detailed information about the long-range sequence context of SNCA. To that end, we have established the complete genomic sequence of the chromosomal regions containing the human and mouse alpha -synuclein genes, with the objective of using the resulting sequence information to identify conserved regions of biological importance through comparative sequence analysis. These efforts have yielded -146 and -119 kb of high-accuracy human and mouse genomic sequence, respectively, revealing the precise genetic architecture of the a-synuclein gene in both species. A simple repeat element upstream of SNCA/Snca has been identified and shown to be necessary For normal expression in transient transfection assays using a luciferase reporter construct. Together, these studies provide valuable data that should Facilitate more detailed analysis of this medically important gene. C1 NHGRI, Genet Dis Res Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Intramural Sequencing Ctr, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nussbaum, RL (reprint author), NHGRI, Genet Dis Res Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 40 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1101/gr.165801 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 391NH UT WOS:000166361700008 PM 11156617 ER PT J AU Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK Smith, SC Gassman, PL AF Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK Smith, SC Gassman, PL TI Solubilization of Fe(III) oxide-bound trace metals by a dissimilatory Fe(III) reducing bacterium SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE IRON(III) OXIDES; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; IRON-OXIDES; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; DIAGENETIC SIDERITE; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; INTERTIDAL MARSH; ALKALINE MEDIA AB Trace metals associate with Fe(III) oxides as adsorbed or coprecipitated species, and consequently, the biogeochemical cycles of iron and the trace metals are closely linked. This communication investigated the solubilization of coprecipitated Co(III) and Ni(II) from goethite: (alpha -FeOOH) during dissimilatory bacterial iron reduction to provide insights on biogeochemical factors controlling trace-element fluxes in anoxic environments. Suspensions of homogeneously substituted Co-FeOOH (50 mmol/L as Co0.01Fe0.99OOH; Co-57- labeled) in eight different buffer/media solutions were inoculated with a facultative. metal-reducing bacteria isolated from groundwater (Shewanella putrefacians CN32), and incubated under strictly anaerobic conditions for periods up to 32 days. Lactate (30 mmol/L) was provided as an electron donor. Growth and non-growth promoting conditions were established by adding or withholding PO4 and/or trace metals (Co-60-labeled) from the incubation media. Anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS; 100 mu mol/L) was added to most suspensions as an electron shuttle to enhance bacterial reduction. Solutions were buffered at circumneutral pH with either PIPES or bicarbonate buffers. Solid and liquid samples were analyzed at intermediate and final time points for aqueous and sorbed/precipitated (by HCl extraction) Fe(II) and Co(II). The bioreduced solids were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and field-emission electron microscopy at experiment termination. Ni-FeOOH (Ni0.01Fe0.99OOH) was used for comparison in select experiments. Up to 45% of the metal containing FeOOH was bioreduced: growth-supporting conditions did not enhance reduction. The biogenic Fe(II) strongly associated with the residual Fe(III) oxide as an undefined sorbed phase at low fractional reduction in PIPES buffer, and as siderite (FeCO3) in bicarbonate buffer or as vivianite [Fe-3(PO4)(2). 8H(2)O] when P was present. Cobalt(III) was reduced to Co(II) in proportion to its mole ratio in the solid. The release of bioreduced Co(II) to the aqueous phase showed complex dependency on the media and buffer composition and the fractional reduction of the Co-FeOOH. In most cases Co(II) was solubilized in preference to Fe(Il), but in select eases it was not. These differences were rationalized in terms of competitive adsorption reactions on the residual Fe(III) oxide surface and coprecipitation in biogenic Fe(II) solids. The bioreduced Co-FeOOH surface showed unexpectedly high sorption selectivity for the biomobilized Co(II). The bioreductive solubilization of Ni(II) from Ni-FeOOH was comparable to Co-FeOOH. Our results indicate that Fe(III)-oxide-entrained trace metals can be mobilized during bacterial iron reduction leading to a net increase, in most cases, in aqueous metal concentrations. The enhancement in trace-metal aqueous concentration, e.g., in groundwater, may proportionally exceed that of Fe(II). Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zachara, JM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K8-96,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.zachara@pnl.gov NR 74 TC 139 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 75 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00500-7 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 391NN UT WOS:000166362200007 ER PT J AU Neal, AL Techkarnjanaruk, S Dohnalkova, A McCready, D Peyton, BM Geesey, GG AF Neal, AL Techkarnjanaruk, S Dohnalkova, A McCready, D Peyton, BM Geesey, GG TI Iron sulfides and sulfur species produced at hematite surfaces in the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; SEDIMENTARY PYRITE FORMATION; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; REACTIONS FORMING PYRITE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE; PYRRHOTITE SURFACES; MULTIPLET STRUCTURE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; LOW-TEMPERATURES AB In the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) hematite (alpha -Fe(2)O(3)) dissolution is affected potentially by a combination of enzymatic (hydrogenase) reduction and hydrogen sulfide oxidation. As a consequence, ferrous ions are free to react with excess H(2)S to form insoluble ferrous sulfides. X-ray photoelectron spectra indicate binding energies similar to ferrous sulfides having pyrrhotite-like structures (Fe2p(3/2) 708.4 eV; S2p(3/2) 161.5 eV). Other sulfur species identified at the surface include sulfate, sulfite and polysulfides. Thin film X-ray diffraction identifies a limited number of peaks, the principal one of which may be assigned to the hexagonal pyrrhotite (102) peak (d = 2.09 Angstrom; 2 theta = 43.22 degrees), at the hematite surface within 3 months exposure to sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy identifies the presence of a hexagonal structure associated with observed crystallites. Although none of the analytical techniques employed provide unequivocal evidence as to the nature of the ferrous sulfide formed in the presence of SRB at hematite surfaces, we conclude from the available evidence that a pyrrhotite stiochiometry and structure is the best description of the sulfides we observe. Such ferrous sulfide production is inconsistent with previous reports in which mackinawite and greigite were products of biological sulfate reduction (Rickard 1969a; Herbert et al., 1998; Benning et al., 1999). The apparent differences in stoichiometry may be related to sulfide activity at the mineral surface, controlled in part by H(2)S autooxidation in the presence of iron oxides. Due to the relative stability of pyrrhotite at low temperatures, ferrous sulfide dissolution is lilly to be reduced compared to the more commonly observed products of SRB activity, Additionally, biogenic pyrrhotite formation will also have implications for geomagnetic field behavior of sediments. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Neal, AL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM andy_n@erc.montana.edu RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011; OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 NR 103 TC 92 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00537-8 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 395NP UT WOS:000166586700004 ER PT J AU Kent, AJR Hutcheon, ID Ryerson, FJ Phinney, DL AF Kent, AJR Hutcheon, ID Ryerson, FJ Phinney, DL TI The temperature of formation of carbonate in Martian meteorite ALH84001: Constraints from cation diffusion SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN SELF-DIFFUSION; THERMAL HISTORY; CALCITE; ALLAN-HILLS-84001; ORIGIN; MARS; MINERALS; SPINEL; MELTS; ROCK AB We have measured the rates of chemical diffusion of Mg in calcite and Ca in magnesite and used these new data to constrain the formation temperature and thermal history of carbonates in the Martian meteorite ALH84001. Our data have been collected at lower temperatures than in previous studies and provide improved constraints on carbonate formation during relatively low-temperature processes (less than or equal to 400 degreesC). Measured log D-0 values for chemical diffusion of Mg in calcite and Ca in magnesite are -16.0 +/- 1.1 and -7.8 +/- 4.3 m(2)/s and the activation energies (E-A) are 76 +/-16 and 214 +/- 60 kJ/mol, respectively. Measured diffusion rates of Mg in calcite at temperatures between 400 and 550 degreesC are substantially faster than expected from extrapolation of existing higher-temperature data, suggesting that different mechanisms may govern diffusion of Mg at temperatures above and below similar to 550 degreesC. We have used these data to constrain thermal histories which will allow the similar to1 mum variations in Ca-Mg composition in ALH84001 carbonates to survive homogenization by diffusion. Our results are generally consistent with models for formation of carbonates in ALH84001 at low temperatures. For initial cooling rates of between similar to 10(-1) and 10(3)degrees /Ma our results demonstrate that carbonates formed at temperatures no higher than 400 degreesC and most probably less than 200 degreesC, This range of cooling rates is similar to those observed within the terrestrial crust, and suggests that formation of the carbonates by igneous, metamorphic or hydrothermal (or other) processes in the Martian crust most plausibly occurred at temperatures below 200 to 400 degreesC. Models that suggest ALH84001 carbonates formed during a Martian impact event are also constrained by our data. The thermal histories of terrestrial impact structures suggest that cooling rates sufficiently rapid to allow preservation of the observed carbonate zoning at formation temperatures in excess of 600 degreesC (>similar to 10(7)degreesC/Ma) occur only within the uppermost, melt-rich portions of an impact structure. Material deeper within the impact structure (when cooling is dominated by uplifted crustal material and where much of the formation of hydrothermal minerals is concentrated) cools much slower, typically at rates of similar to 10(2) to 10(3)degrees /Ma. Carbonates formed within this region would also only preserve similar to1 mum compositional zoning at formation temperatures of less than similar to 200 to 400 degreesC. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Analyt & Nucl Chem, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kent, AJR (reprint author), Danish Lithosphere Ctr, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00528-7 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 395NP UT WOS:000166586700011 ER PT J AU Andreeva, IS Ryabchikova, EI Pechurkina, NI Zaitsev, BN Geletii, VF Korobushkina, ED Vinogradova, TP Torok, T Hunter-Cevera, J Repin, VE AF Andreeva, IS Ryabchikova, EI Pechurkina, NI Zaitsev, BN Geletii, VF Korobushkina, ED Vinogradova, TP Torok, T Hunter-Cevera, J Repin, VE TI Morphological analysis of aerobic microorganisms in deep-drilling core samples from Lake Baikal SO GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA LA Russian DT Article DE Baikal Rift Zone; drilling; bottom sediments; ancient microorganisms; cells ultrastructure AB Microorganisms of the Baikal Rift are of peculiar interest owing to their isolated evolution and the ancient origin of Lake Baikal. Samples of rocks sedimented at various stages of the Baikal Rift development have been obtained by drilling. Based on microbiological examination of bottom samples from the Baikal basin, a collection of more than 2200 microbial isolates was made. They include the genera Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Nocardia; numerous nonsporogenous cocci and bacilli with well-pronounced capsules; fast-moving Gramnegative rods, assigned to pseudomonads; sessile Gram-negative cells, actinomycetes, and yeast. The eukaryotes of the ground samples also contain mold fungi. The morphological features were studied by light microscopy of colored microbial cells and using scanning and transmission microscopes. C1 Vektor State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol, Koltsovo 630559, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Geochem, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andreeva, IS (reprint author), Vektor State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol, Koltsovo 630559, Russia. RI Ryabchikova, Elena /G-3089-2013 OI Ryabchikova, Elena /0000-0003-4714-1524 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU RUSSIAN ACAD SCIENCES SIBERIAN BRANCH PI NOVOSIBIRSK PA S P C U I G G M S B R A S, 3 AKADEMIKA KOPTYGA PROSPEKT, 630090 NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA SN 0016-7886 J9 GEOL GEOFIZ JI Geol. Geofiz. PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 220 EP 230 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 423FD UT WOS:000168164000020 ER PT J AU Repin, VE Torok, T Kuz'min, MI AF Repin, VE Torok, T Kuz'min, MI TI The biodiversity of microorganisms from bottom sediments of Lake Baikal by evidence from deep boreholes SO GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA LA Russian DT Article DE biodiversity; Baikal microorganisms; evolution of microorganisms ID EVOLUTION; MUTANTS; ORIGIN AB Preliminary data on the application of fatty acid analysis to the systematics of microorganisms from the bottom sediments of Lake Baikal are reported. An explanation for the wide range of new microbial species is proposed. C1 Vektor State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol, Koltsovo 630559, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Geochem, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. RP Repin, VE (reprint author), Vektor State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol, Koltsovo 630559, Russia. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RUSSIAN ACAD SCIENCES SIBERIAN BRANCH PI NOVOSIBIRSK PA S P C U I G G M S B R A S, 3 AKADEMIKA KOPTYGA PROSPEKT, 630090 NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA SN 0016-7886 J9 GEOL GEOFIZ JI Geol. Geofiz. PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 234 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 423FD UT WOS:000168164000021 ER PT J AU Repin, VE Torok, T Degtyarev, SK Abdurashitov, M Puchkova, LI Andreeva, IS Pechurkina, NI Gus'kov, AA Hunter-Cevera, J Geletii, VF AF Repin, VE Torok, T Degtyarev, SK Abdurashitov, M Puchkova, LI Andreeva, IS Pechurkina, NI Gus'kov, AA Hunter-Cevera, J Geletii, VF TI Microbiological and biotechnological investigation of bottom sediments from deep boreholes in Lake Baikal and analysis of water from thermal springs (Zmeinyi, Goryachenskii) SO GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA LA Russian DT Article DE sedimentary rocks; thermal springs; Lake Baikal; restriction endonucleases AB Microorganisms isolated from sediments of Lake Baikal and nearby thermal springs (Zmeinyi and Goryachenskii) have been rested as producers of restriction enzymes. The production has been detected in 20% of the investigated strains. Three strains are of particular practical interest. Two of them are thermophilic producers of novel enzymes, and the restriction endonuclease from the third one demonstrates an unusual sensitivity to dam methylation of the recognition site. It has been shown that the content of viable microorganisms varied throughout the sediments. C1 Vektor State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol, Koltsovo 630559, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Geochem, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. RP Repin, VE (reprint author), Vektor State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol, Koltsovo 630559, Russia. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RUSSIAN ACAD SCIENCES SIBERIAN BRANCH PI NOVOSIBIRSK PA S P C U I G G M S B R A S, 3 AKADEMIKA KOPTYGA PROSPEKT, 630090 NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA SN 0016-7886 J9 GEOL GEOFIZ JI Geol. Geofiz. PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 423FD UT WOS:000168164000022 ER PT J AU Ernstson, K Rampino, MR Hiltl, M AF Ernstson, K Rampino, MR Hiltl, M TI Cratered cobbles in Triassic Buntsandstein conglomerates in northeastern Spain: An indicator of shock deformation in the vicinity of large impacts SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE impact; shock; conglomerates; spallation; Triassic; Azuara impact structure ID METAMORPHISM; QUARTZ AB Quartzite cobbles in Lower Triassic Buntsandstein conglomerates from northeastern Spain display unusual millimeter- to centimeter-sized circular craters, commonly having central mounds and surrounded by radial fractures. The conglomerates are also marked by intense fracturing down to microscopic scale. These features have traditionally been attributed to tectonic compression and pressure dissolution at cobble contacts. Sections through the cratered cobbles reveal pervasive internal fracturing, segments detached along concave spall fractures, and zones marked by quartz grains with planar deformation features. Comparison with results of impact experiments on artificial conglomerates suggests that these features were produced by internal accelerations, grain collisions, and spallation related to shock-wave propagation through inhomogeneous deposits. The proximity of the outcrops to the Azuara and proposed Rubielos de la Cerida impact structures suggests that shock deformation of conglomerates can provide an easily recognizable regional impact signature. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Fak Geowissensch, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. NYU, Earth & Environm Sci Program, New York, NY 10003 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Phys Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ernstson, K (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Fak Geowissensch, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0011:CCITBC>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 392ZA UT WOS:000166441700003 ER PT J AU Dettman, DL Kohn, MJ Quade, J Ryerson, FJ Ojha, TP Hamidullah, S AF Dettman, DL Kohn, MJ Quade, J Ryerson, FJ Ojha, TP Hamidullah, S TI Seasonal stable isotope evidence for a strong Asian monsoon throughout the past 10.7 m.y. SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tibetan Plateau; monsoon; stable isotopes; paleohydrology; seasonality ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; LATE MIOCENE; MYR AGO; UPLIFT; PALEOSOLS; DEPOSITS; PAKISTAN; PACIFIC; NEPAL; DIET AB Stable isotope profiles of fossil freshwater bivalve shells and mammal teeth provide a record of the seasonal delta O-18 variation in surface waters of the Himalayan foreland over the past 11 m.y. Between 3.1 and 10.7 Ma the delta O-18 of surface waters approached or exceeded 0 parts per thousand standard mean ocean water (SMOW) in the dry season. Since 9.5 Ma the magnitude of seasonal variability in delta O-18 has remained essentially unchanged. Both observations imply that the Tibetan Plateau had attained sufficient elevation and area prior to 10.7 Ma to support a strong Asian monsoon. These data also imply that the delta O-18 of wet-season rainfall was significantly more negative (-9.5 parts per thousand SMOW) prior to 7.5 Ma than after (-6.5 parts per thousand SMOW). If this change is attributable to a lessening of the amount effect in rainfall, this agrees with floral and soil geochemical data that indicate increasing aridity beginning at 7.5 Ma. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Geol, Peshawar, Pakistan. RP Dettman, DL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Kohn, Matthew/A-2562-2012 NR 30 TC 190 Z9 198 U1 3 U2 49 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0031:SSIEFA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 392ZA UT WOS:000166441700008 ER PT J AU Gotseluk, YV Kuznetsov, SN Sinyakov, AV Belian, RD AF Gotseluk, YV Kuznetsov, SN Sinyakov, AV Belian, RD TI The dynamics of trapped energetic particles during the April 17, 1994, magnetic storm SO GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB The flux dynamics of trapped, quasi-trapped, and precipitating energetic electrons and protons during the strong magnetic storm of April 17, 1994, were analyzed. Data from the polar satellite CORONAS-I, as well as the LANL and GOES 7 geostationary satellites, were used. The protons flux with energies Ep similar to 75 keV observed at the geostationary orbit is shown to correlate with the D(st) variation. The low-latitude boundary of precipitating protons with E(p) > 1 MeV was displaced equatorward during the main phase of the magnetic storm. For electrons with energies (E(e)) of about 0.5-1.5 MeV and more than 2 MeV, the position of the flux maximum of the outer radiation belt also shifted to low altitudes. The maximum of the outer belt of electrons with E(e) > 0.5 MeV and the slot between the inner and outer radiation belts rapidly also shifted to low latitudes at the end of the storm main phase. It was noted that substorms developed during the main phase of the storm at time intervals close to the characteristic periods of the drift of electrons with E(e) similar to 0.5 MeV around the Earth at L = 3.5. For about one and a half days after the magnetic storm, the electron and proton fluxes increased within the outer radiation belt. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Res Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gotseluk, YV (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Res Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. RI Sinyakov, Aleksey/E-6505-2015 OI Sinyakov, Aleksey/0000-0002-7117-4089 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0016-7932 J9 GEOMAGN AERONOMY+ JI Geomagn. Aeron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 406HM UT WOS:000167208900004 ER PT J AU Maurice, PA Vierkorn, MA Hersman, LE Fulghum, JE Ferryman, A AF Maurice, PA Vierkorn, MA Hersman, LE Fulghum, JE Ferryman, A TI Enhancement of kaolinite dissolution by an aerobic Pseudomonas mendocina bacterium SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE AFM; bacteria; clay; dissolution; kaolinite; Pseudomonas ID MINERAL DISSOLUTION; HYDROUS FE(III)-OXIDES; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; SURFACE-AREA; OXIDES; PH; IRON; 25-DEGREES-C; 80-DEGREES-C; DEPENDENCE AB This research focused on whether bacteria living in aerobic environments where Fe is often a limiting nutrient could access Fe associated with the clay mineral kaolinite. Kaolinite is one of the most abundant clays at the Earth's surface, and it often contains trace quantifies of Fe as surface precipitates, accessory minerals, and structural substitutions. We hypothesized that aerobic bacteria may enhance kaolinite dissolution as a means of obtaining associated Fe. To test this hypothesis, we conducted microbial growth experiments in the presence of an aerobic Pseudomonas mendocina bacteria that is incapable of using Fe as a terminal electron acceptor for oxidative phosphorylation and that requires only muM concentrations of Fe, for metabolism. We determined that the presence of kaolinite allowed the bacteria to grow above levels of nonkaolinite-containing controls, in Fe-limited conditions. We further demonstrated that the bacteria significantly enhanced Al- and Si-release from the kaolinite. These results indicate that clays that contain even trace quantities of Fe need to be considered as additional sources of Fe in aerobic environments and suggest that microbial processes may exert important, but until now largely overlooked. influences on the dissolution rates of clays. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Maurice, PA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 51 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 18 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 414UR UT WOS:000167685000003 ER PT J AU Su, YJ Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE Foster, JC AF Su, YJ Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE Foster, JC TI A linkage between polar patches and plasmaspheric drainage plumes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA ANALYZER; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; CONVECTION; STORM; SHEET; FIELD AB Two distinct features are shown here to follow the same convection pattern: polar ionization patches and plasmaspheric drainage plumes. In this study, the enhanced ionospheric electron concentration, observed from Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar, is mapped to the equatorial plane. The resulting trajectory there is found to coincide with the location of the draining plasmasphere as observed from a geosynchronous satellite. The result indicates that both the F-region electron concentration and the plasmaspheric drainage plume follow the newest separatrix (the boundary between open and closed drift trajectories) convecting sunward. Observations have shown that the polar patches are transported over the polar cap into the night side. Hence, we conclude that the draining plasmasphere should follow a similar trajectory transporting plasmaspheric material over the polar cap into the tail plasma sheet. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp NIS 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Atmospher Sci Grp, Westford, MA 01886 USA. RP Su, YJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 111 EP 113 DI 10.1029/2000GL012042 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 390JD UT WOS:000166291200030 ER PT J AU Reister, DB Barhen, J DuBose, JB Oblow, EM AF Reister, DB Barhen, J DuBose, JB Oblow, EM TI Global optimization to maximize stack energy SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL STATICS ESTIMATION; TRUST AB We have developed a new method for global optimization, designed to maximize stack energy. Our method includes upper bounds for the stack energy and maximization of the stack energy for each common midpoint. The method quickly identifies ranges of parameter values where the maximum cannot be located. We have used the approach to reach an excellent solution for a difficult sample problem that was created by adding static disruptions to field data. Our new method should apply in many areas of geophysics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CogniSeis Paradigm Geophys, Houston, TX 77055 USA. RP Reister, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 6010,MS 6355,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dbr@ornl.gov; barhenj@ornl.gov; johnd@geodev.com NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 66 IS 1 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.1190/1.1444911 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 401MW UT WOS:000166932200039 ER PT J AU Krol, DM AF Krol, DM TI Fabrication and characterization of glass-based optical waveguide devices SO GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-GLASTECHNISCHE BERICHTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Scientific Colloquium of the Occasion of Otto Schotts 150th Birthday CY DEC 18, 2001 CL JENA, GERMANY SP German Soc Glass Technol, Schott Glas ID FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSES; WAVE-GUIDES; CRYSTALS; SILICA AB We report on the application of phosphate glass Schott IOG-1 as a host material for glass-based integrated waveguide devices. The fabrication of such devices requires the combination of different optical functions in one material. Channel waveguide lasers were fabricated in Nd3(+):IOG-1 using a field assisted Ag+ ion exchange process. Lasing was achieved in 29 x 9 mum(2) and 50 x 9 mum(2) size channels with slope efficiencies of similar to 15%. In order to explore the potential fabrication of waveguides and Bragg gratings using the femtosecond (fs) laser writing technique, the spectroscopic changes of IOG-1 glass after exposure to a fs Tisapphire laser were studied. The fluorescence spectra of modified glasses show that the fs laser produces defects in the glass, which can be annealed out by the cw Ar laser used to excite the fluorescence. Preliminary results on inducing a second-order nonlinearity in IOG-1 via the thermal poling technique are also reported. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krol, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU VERLAG DEUTSCHEN GLASTECHNISCHEN PI FRANKFURT PA MENDELSSOHNSTR 75-77, D-60325 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0946-7475 J9 GLASS SCI TECHNOLOG JI Glass Sci Technol.-Glastech. Ber. PY 2001 VL 74 SU C BP 23 EP 38 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 525UA UT WOS:000174089600003 ER PT S AU Potok, TE Ivezic, ND Samatova, NF AF Potok, TE Ivezic, ND Samatova, NF BE Mo, JPT Nemes, L TI Agent-based architecture for flexible lean cell design, analysis and evaluation SO GLOBAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING AND ENTERPRISE NETWORKS SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Working Conference on the Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM 2000) CY NOV 15-17, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Federation Informat Processing, TC5, WG5 3, 5 7, 5 12 DE supply chain information infrastructure; lean cell formation; agent-based systems AB We present an agent architecture in support of lean operations across manufacturing supply chains. Our architecture addresses the issue of heterogeneous information management, the need for analyzing mixed manufacturing approaches, and efficiency and accuracy tradeoffs of analysis methods. We propose five distinct layers to address these requirements: an XML/RDF/DAML Information Access Layer, a Resource Vector Representation Layer, an Analysis Layer, a Coordination Layer, and a Visualization Layer. Our successful results in developing agent systems in support of lean manufacturing cell and supply chain management validate our layered approach. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Collaborat Technol Res Ctr, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Potok, TE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Collaborat Technol Res Ctr, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 0-7923-7358-8 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2001 VL 63 BP 181 EP 188 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BS37R UT WOS:000169679700021 ER PT S AU Ivezic, N Fong, L Rhodes, T Peng, Y AF Ivezic, N Fong, L Rhodes, T Peng, Y BE Mo, JPT Nemes, L TI B2B e-commerce infrastructure using agents and standards - A potential impact analysis and architecture SO GLOBAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING AND ENTERPRISE NETWORKS SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Working Conference on the Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM 2000) CY NOV 15-17, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Federation Informat Processing, TC5, WG5 3, 5 7, 5 12 DE business-to-business; electronic commerce; agents; standards; business case AB Multi-agent systems are typically being developed independent of industrial standards. In this paper, we present an agent architecture for business-to-business electronic commerce in the domain of circuit board manufacturing that builds on a number of standards. Our architecture builds on the GenCAM standard from the circuit board manufacturing sector acid RosettaNet from the B2B community. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ivezic, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 0-7923-7358-8 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2001 VL 63 BP 198 EP 205 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BS37R UT WOS:000169679700023 ER PT S AU Hefele, J Bolton, RD AF Hefele, J Bolton, RD BE Mo, JPT Nemes, L TI Non-destructive tracing of a product life cycle through geometry extraction from radiographs SO GLOBAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING AND ENTERPRISE NETWORKS SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Working Conference on the Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM 2000) CY NOV 15-17, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Federation Informat Processing, TC5, WG5 3, 5 7, 5 12 DE photogrammetry; geometry rconstruction; non-destructive testing AB Tracing the internal changes seen by a product assembly during its useful life cycle without disassembling or destructively testing the product provides many challenges. When an assembly is disassembled for evaluation, the effect of component interaction is lost, particularly if operations such as press-fitting have been used in the assembly process. It is undesirable to destructively evaluate a product when it is still in its useful life cycle. Los Alamos National Laboratory is developing a process in which radiographic information is used to characterise an entire assembly for life cycle evaluation and the geometric information is extracted for input into a Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software package. Digitized radiographs have been reconstructed into solid models using FotoG (TM) geometry extraction techniques and ProENGINEER (TM) solid modelling capabilities. Executed simultaneously, FotoG (TM) translates the extracted geometry into a format useable by the ProENGINEER (TM) software. Once the solid model is constructed, it is used for creation of finite element analysis input. virtual environment model creation, and tooling design. The creation of the finite element model allows us to forestall future problems using predictive analyses. Virtual environment creation provides us with the capability of creating a learning environment for technicians performing maintenance or disassembly of problem units. And tooling design provides us the capability to safely transport severely damaged assemblies in the event of an accident scenario. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hefele, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 0-7923-7358-8 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2001 VL 63 BP 291 EP 297 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BS37R UT WOS:000169679700034 ER PT B AU Lackner, KS Wilson, R Ziock, HJ AF Lackner, KS Wilson, R Ziock, HJ BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Free-market approaches to controlling carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere - A discussion of the scientific basis SO GLOBAL WARMING AND ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Global Warming and Energy Policy CY NOV 26-28, 2000 CL FL LAUDERDALE, FL SP Global Fdn Inc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lackner, KS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46635-X PY 2001 BP 31 EP 46 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BT47E UT WOS:000173073300003 ER PT B AU Walter, CE AF Walter, CE BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Near-term demonstration of benign, sustainable, nuclear power SO GLOBAL WARMING AND ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Global Warming and Energy Policy CY NOV 26-28, 2000 CL FL LAUDERDALE, FL SP Global Fdn Inc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Walter, CE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46635-X PY 2001 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BT47E UT WOS:000173073300009 ER EF