FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Brenchley, DL AF Brenchley, DL BE Matlosz, M Ehrfeld, W Baselt, JP TI Applications for micro chemical and thermal systems SO MICROREATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Microreaction Technology (IMRET 5) CY MAY 27-30, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is developing a variety of applications using Micro Chemical and Thermal Systems (MICRO-CATS). The products represent a decade of research and development by PNNL in miniature systems. Miniature devices include fuel vaporizers, fuel processors, fuel cells, heat pumps, heaters, power generators, heat exchangers, and chemical processing units. The sponsors for their development include the Office of Transportation (OTT) in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Department of Defense (Army), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Administration (DARPA) and others. OTT wants to have fuel cells in automobiles. DARPA needs miniature heating, cooling and power generation units for soldiers in the field. NASA wants miniature chemical plants to produce oxygen, fuel, and other things from the resources available in outer space. For these microtechnology users, the status of current development and the promise for future applications of miniature systems are shown. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brenchley, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42498-9 PY 2001 BP 343 EP 349 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BU56C UT WOS:000176359000035 ER PT B AU Palo, DR Holladay, JD Rozmiarek, RT Guzman-Leong, CE Wang, Y Hu, J Chin, YH Dagle, RA Baker, EG AF Palo, DR Holladay, JD Rozmiarek, RT Guzman-Leong, CE Wang, Y Hu, J Chin, YH Dagle, RA Baker, EG BE Matlosz, M Ehrfeld, W Baselt, JP TI Fuel processor development for a soldier-portable fuel cell system SO MICROREATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Microreaction Technology (IMRET 5) CY MAY 27-30, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE ID MICROCHANNEL C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Palo, DR (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42498-9 PY 2001 BP 359 EP 367 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BU56C UT WOS:000176359000037 ER PT S AU Browning, ND Arslan, I James, EM Moeck, P Topuria, T Xin, Y AF Browning, ND Arslan, I James, EM Moeck, P Topuria, T Xin, Y BE Cullis, AG Hutchison, JL TI Analyzing interfaces and defects in semiconducting materials on the atomic scale SO MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 2001 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Royal-Microscopical-Society Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials CY MAR 25-29, 2001 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Mat Res Soc HO UNIV OXFORD ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; THREADING DISLOCATIONS; QUANTUM DOTS; GAN; SCATTERING; EDGE; DIODES; STEM AB Recent developments in Schottky field emission scanning transmission electron microscopes now provide the ability to map changes in structure, composition and bonding that occur at materials interfaces and defects on the fundamental atomic scale. The principles of the main techniques, Z-contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy will be described here. Additionally, recent results from the analysis of II-VI and III-V quantum dots, dislocation cores in GaN and interfaces in MOSFETs will be presented. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Browning, ND (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 845 Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0818-4 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2001 IS 169 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Microscopy; Physics GA BU59T UT WOS:000176465200001 ER PT S AU Norman, AG Friedman, DJ Geisz, JF Al-Jassim, MM Kurtz, S AF Norman, AG Friedman, DJ Geisz, JF Al-Jassim, MM Kurtz, S BE Cullis, AG Hutchison, JL TI Structural and chemical studies of novel 1-eV band gap solar cell materials lattice-matched to GaAs SO MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 2001 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Royal-Microscopical-Society Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials CY MAR 25-29, 2001 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Mat Res Soc HO UNIV OXFORD ID GAINNAS; ALLOYS; NITROGEN; GROWTH AB Novel 1-eV band gap materials, of interest for high-efficiency, multijunction solar cells, grown by metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy on GaAs substrates, have been studied. Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y layers grown at 650degreesC, using dimethylhydrazine as a nitrogen source, contained a high density of 'comet'-like defects that generated threading dislocations. GaNyAs1-y layers grown at 550degreesC using hydrazine were found to become nanocrystalline or amorphous at high hydrazine/III flow ratios., Epitaxial growth of zinc-blende B(x)Ga(1-x-y)InyAs with up to 3%-5% boron has been achieved. For higher boron concentrations, the layers became polycrystalline or amorphous. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Norman, AG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0818-4 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2001 IS 169 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Microscopy; Physics GA BU59T UT WOS:000176465200048 ER PT B AU Sarma, G Radhakrishnan, B Zacharia, T AF Sarma, G Radhakrishnan, B Zacharia, T BE Srinivasan, R Semiatin, SL Beaudoin, A Fox, S Jin, Z TI Mesoscale simulations of microstructure and texture evolution during deformation of columnar grains SO MICROSTRUCTURE MODELING AND PREDICTION DURING THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Modeling and Predic tion during Thermomechanical Processing, held at TMS/ASM-International Materials Week CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP TMS, Mat Proc & Mfg, Shaping & Forming Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Titanium Commm ID POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY; RECRYSTALLIZATION AB In recent years, microstructure evolution in metals during deformation processing has been modeled at the mesoscale by combining the finite element method to discretize the individual grains with crystal plasticity to provide the constitutive relations. This approach allows the simulations to capture the heterogeneous nature of grain deformations due to interactions with neighboring grains. The application of this approach to study the deformations of columnar grains present in solidification microstructures is described. The microstructures are deformed in simple compression, assuming the easy growth direction of the columnar grains to be parallel to the compression axis in one case, and perpendicular in the other. These deformations are similar to those experienced by the columnar zones of a large cast billet when processed by upsetting and drawing, respectively. The simulations show that there is a significant influence of the initial microstructure orientation relative to the loading axis on the resulting changes in grain shape and orientation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sarma, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6359, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-505-0 PY 2001 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT60D UT WOS:000173489800004 ER PT B AU Radhakrishnan, B Sarma, G Zacharia, T Kazaryan, A Wang, Y AF Radhakrishnan, B Sarma, G Zacharia, T Kazaryan, A Wang, Y BE Srinivasan, R Semiatin, SL Beaudoin, A Fox, S Jin, Z TI Mesoscale modeling of abnormal subgrain growth SO MICROSTRUCTURE MODELING AND PREDICTION DURING THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Modeling and Predic tion during Thermomechanical Processing, held at TMS/ASM-International Materials Week CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP TMS, Mat Proc & Mfg, Shaping & Forming Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Titanium Commm ID GRAIN-GROWTH; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FIELD MODEL; PHASE-FIELD; EVOLUTION AB Abnormal subgrain growth simulations were carried out using Monte Carlo (MC) and phase field (PF) models with a view to comparing the simulation results with each other as well as with analytical predictions. The results indicate that there are significant differences between the predictions of the two simulation techniques. The analytical predictions based on mean field approach do not agree with either of the simulation results. Possible reasons for the discrepancies between MC and PF simulation predictions are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radhakrishnan, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6359, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-505-0 PY 2001 BP 47 EP 56 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT60D UT WOS:000173489800005 ER PT B AU Hall, AC Robino, CV Brooks, J Knorovsky, GA MacCallum, DO Reece, M AF Hall, AC Robino, CV Brooks, J Knorovsky, GA MacCallum, DO Reece, M BE Srinivasan, R Semiatin, SL Beaudoin, A Fox, S Jin, Z TI Weld visualization for investigating solidification SO MICROSTRUCTURE MODELING AND PREDICTION DURING THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Modeling and Predic tion during Thermomechanical Processing, held at TMS/ASM-International Materials Week CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP TMS, Mat Proc & Mfg, Shaping & Forming Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Titanium Commm AB Using a high quality zoom lens and a high-speed CCD camera the solid-liquid interface in a stainless steel gas-tungsten arc (GTA) weld has been filmed at high magnification. At low magnification, the dendritic structure of the solid-liquid interface can be clearly seen, as can characteristic ripples caused by pool instabilities. At higher magnification, secondary dendrite arms can be seen sticking through the liquid surface of the weld pool. High-speed video-microscopy allows a large amount of information about the solid-liquid inter-face to be accessed under actual welding conditions. Using computer image analysis techniques, quantitative information can be efficiently extracted from these images. This technique has tremendous potential for fundamental solidification science and computer model verification. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hall, AC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-505-0 PY 2001 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT60D UT WOS:000173489800022 ER PT B AU Borrill, J Ferreira, PG Jaffe, AH Stompor, R AF Borrill, J Ferreira, PG Jaffe, AH Stompor, R BE Banday, AJ Zaroubi, S Bartelmann, M TI Cosmic microwave background data analysis with MADCAP SO MINING THE SKY SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE Workshop on Mining the Sky CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2000 CL GARCHING, GERMANY SP MPA, ESO, MPE ID POWER SPECTRUM; MAPS AB Realizing the extraordinary scientific potential of the CMB requires precise measurements of its tiny anisotropies over a significant fraction of the sky at very high resolution. The analysis of the resulting datasets is a serious computational challenge. For current and anticipated datasets existing algorithms require terabytes of memory and hundreds of years of CPU time. We must therefore maximize our resources by moving to supercomputers, and minimize our requirements by algorithmic development. Here we will outline the nature of the challenge, present our current optimal algorithm, discuss its implementation as the Microwave Anisotropy Dataset Computational Analysis Package. A documented beta -release of MADCAP version 2.0 is publicly available at http://cfpa.berkeley.edu/similar to borrill/cmb/madcap.html. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Borrill, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42468-7 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2001 BP 403 EP 413 DI 10.1007/10849171_51 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT22Q UT WOS:000172334800051 ER PT B AU Lesuer, DR Kay, GJ LeBlanc, MM AF Lesuer, DR Kay, GJ LeBlanc, MM BE Lesuer, DR Srivatsan, TS TI Modeling large strain, high rate deformation in metals SO MODELING THE PERFORMANCE ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL MATERIALS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modelling the Performance of Engineering Structural Materials held at the 2001 TMS Fall Meeting CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Informat Soc ID CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; BEHAVIOR; STRESS AB The large strain deformation response of 6061-T6 and Ti-6Al-4V has been evaluated over a range in strain rates from 10(-4) s(-1) to over 10(4) s(-1). The results have been used to critically evaluate the strength and damage components of the Johnson-Cook (JC) material model. A new model that addresses the shortcomings of the JC model was then developed and evaluated. The model is derived from the rate equations that represent deformation mechanisms active during moderate and high rate loading. Another model that accounts for the influence of void formation on yield and flow behavior of a ductile metal (the Gurson model) was also evaluated. The characteristics and predictive capabilities of these models are reviewed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lesuer, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L 342, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-504-2 PY 2001 BP 75 EP 86 PG 12 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT38V UT WOS:000172834800006 ER PT B AU Agnew, SR AF Agnew, SR BE Lesuer, DR Srivatsan, TS TI Measurement and simulation of plastic anisotropy in magnesium alloy AZ31B sheet SO MODELING THE PERFORMANCE ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL MATERIALS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modelling the Performance of Engineering Structural Materials held at the 2001 TMS Fall Meeting CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Informat Soc ID TEXTURE AB The anisotropic plastic responses of magnesium alloy AZ31B sheets in the stress-relieved and soft-annealed conditions are found to be similar. Measurements of the r-value (r = d epsilon (w)/d epsilon (t)) for 0, 45, and 90 degrees oriented tensile samples highlighted a strong in-plane anisotropy, with r(0 degrees)similar to1 and r(90 degrees)similar to3.5. This anisotropic response is somewhat surprising given the nearly ideal basal texture present in the material. However, it could be simulated using a viscoplastic self-consistent model that incorporated the initial texture and the hardening response of the individual crystallite-level deformation modes. The simulation code enables us to conclude that the slight off-basal character of the texture is enough to induce a change in the balance between the activities of basal and prismatic slip. During tension along the transverse direction (90 degrees), the majority of the strain is accommodated by the harder prismatic slip mode, which induces little change in the thickness, while producing a strong reduction in the width. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Agnew, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-504-2 PY 2001 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT38V UT WOS:000172834800022 ER PT B AU Syn, CK O'Brien, MJ Lesuer, DR Sherby, OD AF Syn, CK O'Brien, MJ Lesuer, DR Sherby, OD BE Lesuer, DR Srivatsan, TS TI Gas-pressure forming behavior and modeling of superplastic Al 5083 alloy SO MODELING THE PERFORMANCE ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL MATERIALS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modelling the Performance of Engineering Structural Materials held at the 2001 TMS Fall Meeting CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Informat Soc AB Al 5083 disks of superplastic forming grade were gas-pressure formed into hemispheres and cones at constant forming pressures with and without back pressure. The forming operation was performed using an in-house designed and built biaxial forming apparatus. The temporal change of dome heights of the hemispheres and cones were measured for the different forming and back pressures applied. The flow stresses and strain rates developed at the top of the dome during the forming step were shown to closely follow the flow stress - strain rate relationship obtained from the strain rate change tests performed at the same temperature using uniaxial tensile samples. The forming process was modeled using a finite element code (NIKE2D) and preliminary results are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Syn, CK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-504-2 PY 2001 BP 307 EP 316 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT38V UT WOS:000172834800024 ER PT J AU Anastasovski, PK Hamilton, DB AF Anastasovski, PK Hamilton, DB TI The superluminal theory and effects SO MODERN NONLINEAR OPTICS, PT 3, SECOND ED SE ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review C1 Univ St Cyril & Methudius, Fac Technol & Met, Dept Phys, Skopje 91000, Macedonia. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Anastasovski, PK (reprint author), Univ St Cyril & Methudius, Fac Technol & Met, Dept Phys, Skopje 91000, Macedonia. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS PY 2001 VL 119 SI 2 BP 655 EP 681 PN 3 PG 27 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BU84S UT WOS:000177165300012 ER PT S AU Bakke, T Tigges, CP Sullivan, CT AF Bakke, T Tigges, CP Sullivan, CT BE Motamedi, ME Goring, R TI Silicon-on-insulator micro-mechanical optical switch with post processed polymeric waveguides SO MOEMS AND MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems II CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Jet Propuls Lab DE optical switch; silicon on insulator; polymeric waveguides; post-processing AB A micro-mechanical optical switch based on lateral deflection of a waveguide is described. The switching element is a suspended silicon beam formed by deep reactive ion etching and release of silicon-on-insulator (SOI). Actuation is implemented using integrated electrostatic comb drives. Dry etched polymeric optical waveguides are post processed onto the mechanical structure. We present design, simulations, and preliminary experimental results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bakke, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4289-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4561 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1117/12.443078 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT78T UT WOS:000174063500012 ER PT S AU Fleming, JG Mani, S Lin, SY AF Fleming, JG Mani, S Lin, SY BE Motamedi, ME Goring, R TI High efficiency optical MEMS by the integration of photonic lattices with surface MEMS SO MOEMS AND MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems II CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Jet Propuls Lab ID CRYSTAL; BAND AB An overview is given of the integration of 1, 2 and 3 dimensional photonic lattice structures with surface MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems). The properties of the photonic lattice arise as a result of a high index contrast between two or more media arranged in an appropriate fashion. Increased photonic lattice functionality is obtained as the arrangement of high and low index materials is extended into other dimensions. Potential photonic lattice functions which can be integrated with surface MEMS include mirrors, cavities and wavelength dependent switches in I-D, waveguides, and prisms in 2-D and 3-D waveguides, prisms, polarization, dispersion, thermal and spontaneous emission control in 3-D. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4289-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4561 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.443085 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT78T UT WOS:000174063500022 ER PT S AU Spahn, OB Garcia, EJ Esch, V Grossetete, G Bitsie, F Mani, S Jakubczak, J AF Spahn, OB Garcia, EJ Esch, V Grossetete, G Bitsie, F Mani, S Jakubczak, J BE Motamedi, ME Goring, R TI Optical performance of pivoting micromirrors SO MOEMS AND MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems II CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Jet Propuls Lab DE surface micromachined mirrors; optical performance; tilt angle; switching speed AB In this paper we describe optical and dynamic performance of tip/tilt micromachined mirrors fabricated using the SUMMIT V(TM) surface micromachining process. We find that the tilt angle for a given mirror design is determined by a combination of geometric factors and stiffness of the capacitive suspension. Switching speeds of similar to40-50 tsec are measured for 50 pm-square mirrors. Finally surface roughness and curvature before and after metallization are obtained using white light interferometry. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Spahn, OB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4289-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4561 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1117/12.443097 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT78T UT WOS:000174063500033 ER PT J AU Sen, CK Bagchi, D AF Sen, CK Bagchi, D TI Regulation of inducible adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells by grape seed proanthocyanidin extract SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE proanthocyanidins; adhesion molecules; endothelial cell; inflammation; reactive oxygen species; antioxidant ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; ICAM-1 EXPRESSION; FACTOR-ALPHA; ANTIOXIDANTS; KERATINOCYTES; ACTIVATION; INHIBITION; FLAVONOIDS AB Altered expression of cell adhesion molecule expression has been implicated in a variety of chronic inflammatory conditions. Regulation of adhesion molecule expression by specific redox sensitive mechanisms has been reported. Grape seed proanthocyanidins have been reported to have potent antioxidant properties. We evaluated the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on the expression of TNF alpha -induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). GSPE at low concentrations (1-5 mug/ml), down-regulated TNF alpha -induced VCAM-1 expression but not ICAM-1 expression in HUVEC. Such regulation of inducible VCAM-1 by GSPE was also observed at the mRNA expression level. A cell-cell co-culture assay was performed to verify whether the inhibitory effect of GSPE on the expression of VCAM-1 was also effective in down-regulating actual endothelial cell/leukocyte interaction. GSPE treatment significantly decreased TNF alpha -induced adherence of T-cells to HUVEC. Although several studies have postulated NF-kappaB as the molecular site where redox active substances act to regulate agonist-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene expression, inhibition of inducible VCAM-1 gene expression by GSPE was not through a NF-kappaB-dependent pathway as detected by a NF-kappaB reporter assay. The potent inhibitory effect of low concentrations of GSPE on agonist-induced VCAM-1 expression suggests therapeutic potential of this extract in inflammatory conditions and other pathologies involving altered expression of VCAM-1. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kuopio, Dept Physiol, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Creighton Univ, Sch Pharm & Allied Hlth Profess, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. RP Sen, CK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Heart & Lung Inst 512, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Sen, Chandan/A-8762-2013 NR 35 TC 60 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1023/A:1011053300727 PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 389GK UT WOS:000166230100001 PM 11216853 ER PT J AU Langer, C Daya, ZA Morris, SW Stannarius, R AF Langer, C Daya, ZA Morris, SW Stannarius, R TI Suppression of electroconvection by Couette shear in freely suspended smectic C* films SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Liquid Crystal Conference (ILCC2000) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Gordon & Breach DE electroconvection; shear; smectic C* films ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL FILMS; FLUID FILM AB We present the first experiments on electrohydrodynamic convection with a superposed Couette shear in freely suspended annular smectic C* films. Similar experiments on smectic A films have been carried out previously. In those experiments, surface-charge driven electroconvection in combination with shear leads to a pattern of travelling convective vortices. Travelling vortex patterns are also observed in smectic C* films. In contrast to smectic A films, however, the flow field in C* films is coupled to c-director orientation effects that allow a direct visualization of the periodic flow pattern. The critical voltage for the onset of convection was determined by electric current measurements and compared with corresponding results for smectic A films. Measurements at various shear rates show that the onset is suppressed by the shear. C1 Univ Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Langer, C (reprint author), Univ Leipzig, Linnestr 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. RI Morris, Stephen/F-6778-2013; Stannarius, Ralf/E-9252-2013 OI Stannarius, Ralf/0000-0002-6836-3663 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 EI 1563-5287 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2001 VL 367 BP 2901 EP 2911 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 487VR UT WOS:000171900200013 ER PT J AU Shinar, J Partee, J List, EJW Uhlhorn, BL Kim, CH Graupner, W Leising, G AF Shinar, J Partee, J List, EJW Uhlhorn, BL Kim, CH Graupner, W Leising, G TI Delayed fluorescence (DF) and photoluminescence (PL)-Detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) studies of triplet-triplet (T-T) annihilation and other long-lived processes in pi-conjugated polymers SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Electronic Processes in Organic Materials (ICEPOM-3) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL KHARKOV, UKRAINE DE photoluminescence; delayed fluorescence; PLDMR; singlet excitons; triplet excitons; polarons ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PHOTOEXCITED STATES; POLARON PAIRS; DYNAMICS; POLY(PARAPHENYLENEVINYLENE); ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOGENERATION; FILMS AB Recent studies of frequency resolved DF due to T-T annihilation to singlet excitons (S-1*) in pi -conjugated polymers are reviewed, and the significance of this process is compared to that of other long-lived processses affecting the PL, in particular the nonradiative quenching of S-1* by polarons or triplet excitons. While the DF studies suggest that T-T annihilation typically accounts for up to similar to3% of the total PL, PLDMR and other studies suggest that singlet quenching by polarons and triplets may be a very significant process in the films and organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), especially at high excitation densities. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Graz Univ Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI List-Kratochvil, Emil/M-5312-2013 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 EI 1563-5287 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2001 VL 361 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1080/10587250108025709 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 452YN UT WOS:000169887400002 ER PT J AU Lal, J Auvray, L AF Lal, J Auvray, L TI Interaction of polymer with discotic clay particles SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIVth International Conference on the Chemistry of the Organic Solid State (ICCOSS XIV) CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL UNIV CAMBRIDGE, ROBINSON COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Gordon & Breach Publishers, Avecia plc, Cambridge Crystallog Date Ctr, Glaxo Wellcome, Molecular Simulat Inc, Pfizer Ltd HO UNIV CAMBRIDGE, ROBINSON COLL DE discotic clays; polymer; neutron scattering; contrast variation ID SUSPENSION; SCATTERING; NEUTRON AB Normally synthetic well defined monodisperse discotic laponite clays are known to form a gel phase at mass concentrations as low as a few percent in distilled water. Hydrosoluble polymer polyethylene oxide was added to this intriguing clay system, it was observed that it either prevents gelation or slows it down extremely depending on the polymer weight, concentration or the laponite concentration. Small Angle Neutron scattering (SANS) was used to study these systems because only by isotopic labeling can the structure of the adsorbed polymer layers be determined. The contrast variation technique is specifically used to determine separately the different partial structure factors of the clay and polymer. In this way the signal of the adsorbed chains is separated from the signal of the free chains in the dilute regime. Attempts have also been made to characterize the structure in the concentrated regime of laponite with polymer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, LLB, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Lal, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Auvray, Loic/J-7577-2012 OI Auvray, Loic/0000-0003-1736-5578 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2001 VL 356 BP 503 EP 515 DI 10.1080/10587250108023729 PG 13 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 422RB UT WOS:000168132100050 ER PT J AU Plague, GR Mulvey, M Glenn, TC McArthur, JV AF Plague, GR Mulvey, M Glenn, TC McArthur, JV TI Molecular genetic markers provide no evidence for reproductive isolation among retreat building phenotypes of the net-spinning caddisfly Macrostemum carolina SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allozyme; Hydropsychidae; mitochondrial DNA; panmixia; phenotypic polymorphism; Trichoptera ID CHAIN-REACTION PRIMERS; POLYMORPHISM; SELECTION; EVOLUTION; INSECTS; DIMORPHISM; SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY AB Larvae of the stream-dwelling, filter-feeding caddisfly Macrostemum carolina construct silken catchnets within protective retreats. In the Savannah River, M. carolina individuals make three different retreats, each with a distinct water entrance hole: (i) at the end of a silken tube; (ii) with a approximate to 180 degrees silken backstop; and (iii) flush with the top of the retreat. To resolve whether these different retreats represent alternative behavioural phenotypes within a single panmictic population or fixed phenotypes within three genetically distinct populations or species, we compared the allele frequencies at three polymorphic nuclear loci (allozyme electrophoresis for Gpi, Mpi and Pgm) and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype frequencies among individuals displaying the three retreat morphs. We also calculated pairwise exact tests of population differentiation using the allozyme and mtDNA allele frequencies. No significant genetic differentiation was detected among caddisflies exhibiting the different retreat morphs. Therefore, these morphs apparently represent a single panmictic population in the Savannah River. Consequently, additional study is required to assess whether this retreat polymorphism is a phenotypically plastic trait under conditional control, or is mediated by alternative alleles at a Mendelian gene or genes (or a combination of the two). C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Plague, GR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Ctr Insect Sci, POB 210106, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01176.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 396QB UT WOS:000166647100022 PM 11251802 ER PT S AU Cygan, RT AF Cygan, RT BE Cygan, RT Kubicki, JD TI Molecular modeling in mineralogy and geochemistry SO MOLECULAR MODELING THEORY: APPLICATIONS IN THE GEOSCIENCES SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL-THEORY; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; SWELLING CLAY-MINERALS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; AB-INITIO; HIGH-PRESSURE; FORSTERITE MG2SIO4; MGSIO3 PEROVSKITE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 160 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 24 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER & GEOCHEMICAL SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-939950-54-5 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2001 VL 42 BP 1 EP 35 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BS78P UT WOS:000171093100001 ER PT J AU Rustad, JR AF Rustad, JR TI Molecular models of surface relaxation, hydroxylation, and surface charging at oxide-water interfaces SO MOLECULAR MODELING THEORY: APPLICATIONS IN THE GEOSCIENCES SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; STATICS CALCULATIONS; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; AB-INITIO; ALPHA-AL2O3(0001) SURFACE; EQUILIBRIUM-CONSTANTS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rustad, JR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 104 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 14 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2001 VL 42 BP 169 EP 197 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BS78P UT WOS:000171093100006 ER PT S AU Rosso, KM AF Rosso, KM BE Cygan, RT Kubicki, JD TI Structure and reactivity of semiconducting mineral surfaces: Convergence of molecular modeling and experiment SO MOLECULAR MODELING THEORY: APPLICATIONS IN THE GEOSCIENCES SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; TRANSITION-METAL PYRITES; INITIO TOTAL-ENERGY; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; IRON-OXIDE FILMS; AB-INITIO; BAND-STRUCTURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rosso, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 251 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-939950-54-5 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2001 VL 42 BP 199 EP 271 PG 73 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BS78P UT WOS:000171093100007 ER PT J AU Gibbs, GV Boisen, MB Beverly, LL Rosso, KM AF Gibbs, GV Boisen, MB Beverly, LL Rosso, KM TI A computational quantum chemical study of the bonded interactions in earth materials and structurally and chemically related molecules SO MOLECULAR MODELING THEORY: APPLICATIONS IN THE GEOSCIENCES SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; CRITICAL-POINT PROPERTIES; RAY-DIFFRACTION DATA; MECHANICAL POTENTIAL SURFACES; ALPHA-QUARTZ; FRAMEWORK STRUCTURES; FORCE-FIELDS; INTERATOMIC DISTANCES; SULFIDE MOLECULES; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gibbs, GV (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 166 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2001 VL 42 BP 345 EP 381 PG 37 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BS78P UT WOS:000171093100010 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Cummings, PT AF Lee, SH Cummings, PT TI Shear viscosity of model mixtures by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. III. Effect of quadrupolar interactions SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE shear viscosities; quadrupoles; nonequilibrium ID TRANSPORT PROCESSES; LIQUID ARGON; KRYPTON; FLOW AB We present new results for thermodynamic properties and viscosities of pure quadrupolar fluids, a pure dipolar quadrupolar fluid, nonquadrupolar/quadrupolar mixtures, and quadrupolar/quadrupolar mixtures. It is evident that, the addition of quadrupolar interactions to the pure Ar and the addition of quadrupolar interactions to the pure dipolar Ar, leads to higher viscosities as was observed in the addition of dipolar interactions to the pure Ar [Lee and Cummings, J. Chem. Phys., 105, 2044 (1996)]. The total energies and the mixture densities show a linear dependence for both nonquadrupolar Ar/quadrupolar Kr (case B) and quadrupolar Ar/quadrupolar Kr (case C), and the linearity of case C is better than that of case B. This is not consistent with the idea that in the cases of the dipolar mixtures, dipolar/dipolar and nondipolar/nondipolar mixture are likely to be more ideal than nondipolar/dipolar mixtures. This is mainly due to the weaker interaction of quadrupole - quadrupole than that of dipole-dipole. C1 Kyungsung Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan 608736, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Kyungsung Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan 608736, South Korea. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 115 EP 137 DI 10.1080/08927020108023127 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 458TN UT WOS:000170210800003 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Cummings, PT AF Lee, SH Cummings, PT TI Shear viscosity of model mixtures by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. IV. Effect of molecular shape SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE shear viscosity; molecular shape; non-equilibrium ID TRANSPORT PROCESSES; LIQUID ARGON; KRYPTON; FLOW AB We present new results for thermodynamic properties and viscosities of pure dumbbell fluids, spherical/dumbbell mixtures, and dumbbell/dumbbell mixtures. It is evident that the interaction between dumbbell molecules is less attractive than that between spherical molecules which leads to lower viscosities. The shear viscosities and the LJ energies of both spherical Ar/dumbbell Kr (case B) and dumbbell Ar/dumbbell Kr (case C) are described quite well by the liquid mixture expression. The ideality in case C is much better than in case B which is consistent with the idea that dumbbell/dumbbell mixtures are likely to be more ideal than spherical/dumbbell mixtures. But the mixture pressures of the spherical/dumbbell mixture (case B) are described accurately by the ideal liquid mixture expression while those of the dumbbell/dumbbell mixture (case C) are not, which is not consistent with the better ideality of case C in the shear viscosity and the LJ energy than case B. C1 Kyungsung Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan 608736, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Kyungsung Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan 608736, South Korea. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 3 BP 139 EP 155 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 465BF UT WOS:000170567800001 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Cummings, PT AF Lee, SH Cummings, PT TI Molecular dynamics simulation of limiting conductance for Na2+, Cl2-, Na-degrees, and Cl-degrees in supercritical water SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; simulation; limiting conductance ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ION SOLVATION; ALKALI-METAL; 25-DEGREES-C; MOBILITY; 600-DEGREES-C; TEMPERATURES; POTENTIALS; FLOW; LICL AB We report results of molecular dynamics simulations of the limiting conductance of Na2+, Cl2-, Na degrees, and Cl degrees in supercritical water using the SPC/E model for water in conjuction with our previous study (Lee et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 293, 289 (1998)). The behavior of the limiting conductances of Na2+ and Cl2- in the whole range of water density shows almost the same trend as those of Na+ and Cl-, but the deviation from the assumed linear dependence of limiting conductances of Na2+ and Cl2- on the water density is smaller than that of Na+ and Cl-. The ratio of the limiting conductance of the divalent ions to that of the corresponding monovalent ions over the whole range of water density is almost constant. In the cases of Na+ and Cl2-, the dominating factor of the number of hydration water molecules around ions in the higher-density region and the dominating factor of the interaction strength between the ions and the hydration water molecules in the lower-density region are also found as was the cases for Na- and Cl-. These factors, however, are not so strong as for the corresponding monovalent ions because the change in the energetics, structure, and dynamics are very small mainly due to the strong Coulomb interaction of the divalent ions with the hydration water molecules. The diffusion coefficient of Na degrees and Cl degrees monotonically increases with decreasing water density over the whole range of water density. The increase of the diffusion coefficient with decreasing water density is attributed only to the dramatic decrease of the hydration number of water in the first solvation shell around the uncharged species. Among the two important competing factors in the limiting conductance of Na+ and Cl-, the effect of the number of hydration water molecules around the uncharged species is the only existing factor over the whole range of water density since the interaction strength between the uncharged species and the hydration water molecules very small through the LJ interaction. This result has confirmed the dominating factor of the number of hydration water molecules around ions in the higher-density region in the explanation of the limiting conductance of Na+ and Cl- in supercritical water at 673 K. C1 Kyungsung Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan 608736, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Kyungsung Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan 608736, South Korea. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 199 EP 213 DI 10.1080/08927020108027947 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 499FG UT WOS:000172559900001 ER PT B AU Schiffer, WK Gerasimov, MR Marsteller, DA Ashby, CR Brodie, JD Dewey, SL AF Schiffer, WK Gerasimov, MR Marsteller, DA Ashby, CR Brodie, JD Dewey, SL BE OConnor, WT Lowry, JP OConnor, JJ ONeill, RD TI Subchronic olanzapine inhibits the neurochemical response to phencyclidine (PCP): enhanced cortical inhibition of dopamine (DA)but not serotonin (5-HT) by the GABA agonist gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG) SO MONITORING MOLECULES IN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on In Vivo Methods CY JUN 16-19, 2001 CL UNIV COLL DUBLIN, DUBLIN, IRELAND HO UNIV COLL DUBLIN C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schiffer, WK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV COLLEGE DUBLIN PI BELFIELD DUBLIN PA DEPT LIBRARY & INFORMATION STU DIES, BELFIELD DUBLIN 4, IRELAND BN 1-902277-47-3 PY 2001 BP 259 EP 260 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Research & Experimental Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BU22Z UT WOS:000175403700124 ER PT B AU Marsteller, DA Gerasimov, MR Schiffer, WK Alexoff, DL Brodie, JD Dewey, SL AF Marsteller, DA Gerasimov, MR Schiffer, WK Alexoff, DL Brodie, JD Dewey, SL BE OConnor, WT Lowry, JP OConnor, JJ ONeill, RD TI Toluene attenuates PFC DA while potentiating NACC reponsivity: an in vivo microdialysis study SO MONITORING MOLECULES IN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on In Vivo Methods CY JUN 16-19, 2001 CL UNIV COLL DUBLIN, DUBLIN, IRELAND HO UNIV COLL DUBLIN C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Marsteller, DA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV COLLEGE DUBLIN PI BELFIELD DUBLIN PA DEPT LIBRARY & INFORMATION STU DIES, BELFIELD DUBLIN 4, IRELAND BN 1-902277-47-3 PY 2001 BP 403 EP 404 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Research & Experimental Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BU22Z UT WOS:000175403700189 ER PT J AU Sperber, KR Brankovic, C Deque, M Frederiksen, CS Graham, R Kitoh, A Kobayashi, C Palmer, T Puri, K Tennant, W Volodin, E AF Sperber, KR Brankovic, C Deque, M Frederiksen, CS Graham, R Kitoh, A Kobayashi, C Palmer, T Puri, K Tennant, W Volodin, E TI Dynamical seasonal predictability of the Asian summer monsoon SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; ECMWF MODEL; OBSERVATIONAL ASPECTS; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; SIMULATION; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; PREDICTIONS AB Ensembles of hindcasts from seven models are analyzed to evaluate dynamical seasonal predictability of 850-hPa wind and rainfall for the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) during 1987, 1988, and 1993. These integrations were performed using observed sea surface temperatures and from observed initial conditions. The experiments were designed by the Climate Variability and Predictability, Working Group on Seasonal to Interannual Prediction as part of the Seasonal Prediction Model Intercomparison Project. Integrations from the European Union Prediction of Climate Variations on Seasonal to Interannual Timescales experiment are also evaluated. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalyses and observed pentad rainfall form the baseline against which the hindcasts are judged. Pattern correlations and root-mean-square differences indicate errors in the simulation of the time mean low-level flow and the rainfall exceed observational uncertainty. Most models simulate the subseasonal EOFs that are associated with the dominant variations of the 850-hPa flow during the ASM, but not with the fidelity exhibited by the reanalyses as determined using pattern correlations. Pattern correlations indicate that the first EOF, associated with the tropical convergence zone being located over the continental landmass, is best simulated. The higher-order EOFs are less well simulated, and errors in the magnitude and location of their associated precipitation anomalies compromise dynamical seasonal predictability and are related to errors of the mean state. In most instances the models fail to properly project the subseasonal EOFs/principal components onto the interannual variability with the result that hindcasts of the 850-hPa flow and rainfall are poor. In cases where the observed EOFs are known to be related to the boundary forcing, the failure of the models to properly project the EOFs onto the interannual variability indicates that the models are not setting up observed teleconnection patterns. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercompar, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Meteorol Off, Bracknell RB12 2SZ, Berks, England. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Dept Clin Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Climate Predict Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. S African Weather Bur, Pretoria, South Africa. Dept Numer Math, Moscow, Russia. RP Sperber, KR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercompar, POB 808,L-264, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012; Graham, Richard/O-8846-2015; OI Palmer, Tim/0000-0002-7121-2196 NR 54 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2001 VL 129 IS 9 BP 2226 EP 2248 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2226:DSPOTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 465XN UT WOS:000170615400004 ER PT J AU Reisner, J Mousseau, V Knoll, D AF Reisner, J Mousseau, V Knoll, D TI Application of the Newton-Krylov method to geophysical flows SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NONEQUILIBRIUM RADIATION DIFFUSION; NONLINEAR SOLUTION METHOD; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS; PRECONDITIONER; ALGORITHMS; SOR AB An implicit nonlinear algorithm, the Newton-Krylov method, for the efficient and accurate simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations, is presented. This method is a combination of a nonlinear outer Newton-based iteration and a linear inner conjugate residual (Krylov) iteration but does not require the explicit formation of the Jacobian matrix. This is referred to here as Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK). The mechanics of the method are quite simple and the method has been previously used to solve a variety of complex coupled nonlinear equations. Like most Krylov-based schemes, the key to the efficiency of the method is preconditioning. Details concerning how preconditioning is implemented into this algorithm will be illustrated in a simple one-dimensional shallow-water framework. Another important aspect of this work is examining the accuracy and efficiency of the Newton-Krylov method against an explicit method of averaging (MOA) approach. This will aid in the determination of regimes for which implicit techniques are accurate and/or efficient. Finally, results from the Navier-Stokes fluid solver used in this paper are presented. This solver employs both the JFNK and MOA approaches, and it is reasonably efficient and accurate over a large parameter space. As an illustration of the robustness of this fluid solver two different flow regimes will be shown: two-dimensional hydrostatic mountain-wave flow employing a broad mountain and two-dimensional nonhydrostatic flow employing a steep mountain and high spatial resolution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reisner, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-8,MS D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2001 VL 129 IS 9 BP 2404 EP 2415 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2404:AOTNKM>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 465XN UT WOS:000170615400014 ER PT S AU Huang, JY AF Huang, JY BE Sarler, B Brebbia, CA TI Moving coordinates methods and applications to the oscillations of a falling slender body SO MOVING BOUNDARIES VI: COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING OF FREE AND MOVING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS SE COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computation Modelling of Free and Moving Boundary Problems CY 2001 CL LEMNOS ISL, GREECE SP Wessex Inst Technol ID PAPER; BEHAVIOR; FLUTTER; MOTION; TUMBLE; DISKS AB We study the dynamical system of interaction between a rigid body and a viscid flow in two-dimensional space. The moving coordinates methods which can facilitate numerical simulations are introduced. This technique is applied to a moving ellipse and the simulations clearly demonstrate the oscillations of a falling slender body in a viscid flow. This phenomenon which has been noticed for over a century is obtained without any phenomenological model. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Huang, JY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1466-7266 BN 1-85312-864-3 J9 COMP EXPTL METHODS PY 2001 VL 4 BP 73 EP 82 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BT02P UT WOS:000171689600008 ER PT J AU Stephenson, GB Stephenson, B Haeffner, DR AF Stephenson, GB Stephenson, B Haeffner, DR TI Investigations of astrolabe metallurgy using synchrotron radiation SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Hist Astron Dept, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Phys Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stephenson, GB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, MSD 223, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1557/mrs2001.14 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 396UL UT WOS:000166654800015 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Liu, B Liu, LH Edgar, JH Payzant, EA Hayes, JM Kuball, M AF Shi, Y Liu, B Liu, LH Edgar, JH Payzant, EA Hayes, JM Kuball, M TI New technique for sublimation growth of AlN single crystals SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GAN FILMS; BULK ALN; EPITAXY; LAYERS AB Single crystalline platelets of aluminum nitride (AlN) were successfully grown by a new technique. It consists of (1) depositing an AlN buffer layer on a SiC substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) below 1100 degreesC, (2) forming an (AlN) (x) (SiC) (1-x) alloy film on the AlN film by condensing vapors sublimated at a temperature of 1800 degreesC from a source mixture of AlN-SiC powders, followed by (3) condensing vapors sublimated from a pure AlN source (at 1800 degreesC). The necessity of the first two steps for the successful AlN sublimation growth on SiC substrate was illustrated by the initial nucleation studies of alloys on SiC substrates with and without MOCVD AlN buffer layers: an AlN MOCVD buffer layer leads to continuous, single grain growth mode; The (AlN) (x) (SiC) (1-x) alloy film reduces the crack density because its thermal expansion coefficient is intermediate between SiC and AlN. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy studies indicated the high quality of the AlN single crystal. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. RP Shi, Y (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 5 AR 5 DI 10.1557/S109257830000017X PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 430GD UT WOS:000168565400001 ER PT S AU Patience, J Macintosh, BA Max, CE AF Patience, J Macintosh, BA Max, CE BE Pirich, AR Repak, PL Idell, PS Czyzak, SR TI High resolution imaging with AEOS SO MULTIFREQUENCY ELECTRONIC/PHOTONIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR DUAL-USE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multifrequency Electronic/Photonic Devices and Systems for Dual-Use Applications CY JUL 29-30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; astronomy ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; MULTIPLICITY; CLUSTER; OPHIUCHUS AB The U. S. Air Force Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) which includes a 941 actuator adaptive optics system on a 3.7m telescope has recently been made available for astronomical programs. Operating at a wavelength of 750 run, the diffraction-limited angular resolution of the system is 0".04; currently, the magnitude limit is Vsimilar to7 mag. At the distances of nearby open clusters, diffraction-limited images should resolve companions with separations as small as 4-6 AU - comparable to the Sun-Jupiter distance. The ability to study such close separations is critical, since most companions are expected to have separations in the few AU to tens of AU range. With the exceptional angular resolution of the current AEOS setup, but restricted target magnitude range, we are conducting a companion search of a large, well-defined sample of bright early-type stars in nearby open clusters and in the field. Our data set will both characterize this relatively new adaptive optics system and answer questions in binary star formation and stellar X-ray activity. We will discuss our experience using AEOS, the data analysis involved, and our initial results. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Patience, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Av,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4204-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4490 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1117/12.455423 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT90T UT WOS:000174396400020 ER PT S AU Hwang, ST Brown, DF O'Steen, JK Policastro, AJ Dunn, WE AF Hwang, ST Brown, DF O'Steen, JK Policastro, AJ Dunn, WE GP TRB TI Risk assessment for national transportation of selected hazardous materials SO MULTIMODAL AND MARINE FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION ISSUES: FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION; MARINE TRANSPORTATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 80th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB A quantitative risk assessment was conducted to estimate the national risk from transporting (a) six toxic-by-inhalation (TIH) chemicals that account for more than 90 percent of total TIH transportation-related risk, (b) liquefied petroleum gas, (c) gasoline, and (d) explosives. For TIH materials, highway and rail transportation and two classes of incidents are examined. those occurring (a) during a traffic accident or train derailment and (b) en route from origin to destination but not during an accident or derailment. For the other toxic materials, only accident-related incidents in highway transportation are considered, because these materials are dominated by highway incidents. An overview is provided of the hazardous materials and their consequences, the risk assessment method, the databases used to determine hazardous materials commodity flow and incident rate. and study results. To illustrate the method used, the risk assessment for ammonia is discussed. Risk distributions and quantitative risk measures for additional materials as calculated in the study are also presented, and conclusions drawn from these results are discussed. This study has demonstrated the capability to evaluate the national risk of transporting certain hazardous materials. The risk distributions provide valuable information on the probability of certain effects in a given time period, whereas risk measures provide a convenient way to compare relative risk for different commodities, transportation modes, and incident types. C1 US Dept Transportat, Washington, DC 20590 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hwang, ST (reprint author), US Dept Transportat, 400 7th St SW, Washington, DC 20590 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07224-7 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2001 IS 1763 BP 114 EP 124 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU63Q UT WOS:000176563000017 ER PT S AU Holtom, G Thrall, B Weber, T Zhu, LY Hopkins, D Parkinson, C Colson, S Price, J Chin, BY Choi, A Risby, T AF Holtom, G Thrall, B Weber, T Zhu, LY Hopkins, D Parkinson, C Colson, S Price, J Chin, BY Choi, A Risby, T BE Periasamy, A So, PTC TI Application of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) to imaging mammalian cells: A means for gaining molecular selectivity in multiphoton imaging SO MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY IN THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences CY JAN 21-23, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Bio Rad Labs Inc, Carl Zeiss Inc, Coherent Laser Grp, Chroma Technol Corp, Nikon Instruments Inc, Omega Opt Inc, Spectra Phys Lasers DE CARS; Raman imaging; multiphoton fluorescence; confocal microscopy ID MICROSCOPY AB Virtually all laser based microscopy imaging methods involve a single laser, with ultrafast lasers emerging as the enabling tool for a variety of methods. Two-photon fluorescence is a high sensitivity method with selectivity depending on a chromophore that is either added or produced by genetic engineering. While there are fundamental advantages over white light or other fluorescence microscopies, there are unavoidable limitations such as bleaching, photoinduced damage to the cell, and the inability to label some major constituents of the cell, particularly the abundant species. Raman imaging affords chemical selectivity but application is limited due particularly to its low sensitivity and unavoidable fluorescence background. Adding a second laser beam, shifted from the first laser by a molecular vibrational frequency, increases the detected Raman signal by many orders of magnitude and in addition shifts the detected signal to the high energy (blue) side of both lasers, removing fluorescence artifacts. Signal levels sufficient to acquire high signal-to-noise ratio images of 200 by 200 pixels in one minute requires sub-nanojoule pulse energy. A convenient, tunable source of the Stokes-shifted beam is provided by an Optical Parametric Amplifier (OPA), which requires an amplified laser. 250-kHz sources have ample energy and in addition keep the average sample power on the order of 0.1 mW, a level that even sensitive biological systems tolerate at the focal spot diameter of 0.3 mum. Long-term viability of mammalian cells has been demonstrated during dozens of scans in a single plane. Two-photon fluorescence provides a useful complimentary data channel that is acquired simultaneously with the Raman image. Several dyes and green fluorescence protein have been used for this purpose. Interpretation of images, acquiring three dimensional images, and identification of cellular features are ongoing activities. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. EM gr_holtom@pnl.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3940-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4262 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1117/12.424571 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics GA BS31Y UT WOS:000169435900039 ER PT S AU Fattebert, JL AF Fattebert, JL BE Brandt, A Bernholc, J Binder, K TI Linear multigrid techniques in self-consistent electronic structure calculations SO MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES III: COMPUTER AND SYSTEMS SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Multiscale Computational Methods in Chemistry and Physics CY APR 05-07, 2000 CL ELAT, ISRAEL SP NATO ID RAYLEIGH QUOTIENT ITERATION; EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Ab initio DFT electronic structure calculations involve an iterative process to solve the Kohn-Sham equations for an Hamiltonian depending on the electronic density. We discretize these equations on a grid by finite differences. Trial eigenfunctions are improved at each step of the algorithm using multigrid techniques to efficiently reduce the error at all length scale, until self-consistency is achieved. In this paper me focus on an iterative eigensolver based on the idea of inexact inverse iteration, using multigrid as a preconditioner. We also discuss how this technique can be used for electrons described by general nonorthogonal wave functions, and how that leads to a linear scaling with the system size for the computational cost of the most expensive parts of the algorithm. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fattebert1@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-6694 BN 1-58603-141-4 J9 NATO SC S SS III C S PY 2001 VL 177 BP 104 EP 111 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BR96S UT WOS:000168191600008 ER PT S AU Creutz, M AF Creutz, M BE Brandt, A Bernholc, J Binder, K TI Path integrals over Fermionic fields SO MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES III: COMPUTER AND SYSTEMS SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Multiscale Computational Methods in Chemistry and Physics CY APR 05-07, 2000 CL ELAT, ISRAEL SP NATO ID GRASSMANN INTEGRALS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM creutz@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-6694 BN 1-58603-141-4 J9 NATO SC S SS III C S PY 2001 VL 177 BP 349 EP 350 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BR96S UT WOS:000168191600035 ER PT J AU Zhu, J Somorjai, GA AF Zhu, J Somorjai, GA TI Formation of platinum silicide on a platinum nanoparticle array model catalyst deposited on silica during chemical reaction SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; ACTIVATED ADSORPTION; FILMS; EVOLUTION; SIH4; PARTICLES; PT(111); SURFACE; PHASE AB Pt nanoparticle model catalysts with 28 +/- 2 nm diameters and 100 2 nm square periodicity have been fabricated with electron beam lithography on silica substrates. The reactivity and selectivity of the Pt/SiO2 array favor dehydrogenation for a cyclohexene and hydrogen mixture to hydrogenation at 100degreesC. Experiments with silicon deposited on Pt foil reveal the feasibility of platinum silicide formation at the Pt/SiO2 interface under reaction condition. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 1 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1021/nl005512q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 519CU UT WOS:000173708000003 ER PT J AU Zanchet, D Micheel, CM Parak, WJ Gerion, D Alivisatos, AP AF Zanchet, D Micheel, CM Parak, WJ Gerion, D Alivisatos, AP TI Electrophoretic isolation of discrete Au nanocrystal/DNA conjugates SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MACROSCOPIC MATERIALS; NANOPARTICLE PROBES; GOLD NANOCRYSTALS; DNA; RECOGNITION AB Colloidal nanocrysta/DNA conjugates hold the promise of becoming powerful probes for biological diagnostics as well as versatile building blocks for nanotechnology. To fully realize this potential, it is important to precisely control the number of oligonucleotides bound to the nanocrystal. Here we demonstrate electrophoretic isolation of 5 and 10 nm gold nanocrystals bearing discrete numbers of single-stranded DNA (1-5). The potential use of these discrete conjugates in the fabrication of novel nanostructures is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zanchet, Daniela/D-6566-2012; Parak, Wolfgang J./M-3998-2014; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; OI Zanchet, Daniela/0000-0003-1475-2548; Parak, Wolfgang J./0000-0003-1672-6650; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Micheel, Christine/0000-0002-7744-9039 NR 23 TC 330 Z9 337 U1 5 U2 105 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 1 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1021/nl005508e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 519CU UT WOS:000173708000008 ER PT J AU Smith, BB Nozik, AJ AF Smith, BB Nozik, AJ TI Theoretical studies of electronic state localization and wormholes in silicon quantum dot arrays SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LIQUID INTERFACE; SELF-ORGANIZED GROWTH; SI NANOCRYSTALS; OPTICAL GAPS; SUPERLATTICES; CONFINEMENT; DIMENSIONS; RELAXATION; ATOMS AB We present calculations for quantum dot (QD) arrays that are more realistic than most. They describe the arrays in atomic detail, using pseudopotentials fit to ab initio results to describe the electronic structure. Our results show that simple models, which regard QDs as (artificial) atoms, are a reasonable approximation to employ for some features of QD array electronic localization characteristics. But we also demonstrate important limitations. The need for realistic theoretical descriptions of QD arrays is highlighted. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 1 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1021/nl0001858 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 519CU UT WOS:000173708000009 ER PT S AU Michalet, X Lacoste, TD Pinaud, F Chemla, DS Alivisatos, AP Weiss, S AF Michalet, X Lacoste, TD Pinaud, F Chemla, DS Alivisatos, AP Weiss, S BE Murphy, CJ TI Ultrahigh resolution multicolor colocalization of single fluorescent nanocrystals. SO NANOPARTICLES AND NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACES: NOVEL REPORTERS WITH BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE superresolution; diffraction limit; fluorescence; microscopy; confocal; single molecule; semiconductor nanocrystal; quantum dot ID QUANTUM DOTS; MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY AB A new method for in vitro and possibly in vivo ultrahigh-resolution colocalization and distance measurement between biomolecules is described, based on semiconductor nancocrystal probes. This ruler bridges the gap between FRET and far-field (or near-field scanning optical microscope) imaging and has a dynamic range from few nanometers to tens of micrometers. The ruler is based on a stage-scanning confocal microscope that allows the simultaneous excitation and localization of the excitation point-spread-function (PSF) of various colors nanocrystals while maintaining perfect registry between the channels. Fit of the observed diffraction and photophysics-limited images of the PSFs with a two-dimensional Gaussian allows one to determine their position with nanometer accuracy. This new high-resolution tool opens new windows in various molecular, cell biology and biotechnology applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Michalet, Xavier/A-9704-2009; OI Michalet, Xavier/0000-0001-6602-7693; weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3936-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4258 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1117/12.430768 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT01V UT WOS:000171643300002 ER PT S AU Emory, SR Ambrose, WP Goodwin, PM Keller, RA AF Emory, SR Ambrose, WP Goodwin, PM Keller, RA BE Murphy, CJ TI Observing single molecule chemical reactions on metal nanoparticles SO NANOPARTICLES AND NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACES: NOVEL REPORTERS WITH BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); nanoparticles; single-molecule detection (SMD); single-molecule spectroscopy (SMS); Rhodamine 6G (MG) ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; SILVER COLLOID SURFACES; SCATTERING SERS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; FLUORESCENT DYES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; NANOCRYSTALS; DYNAMICS AB We report the study of the photodecomposition of single Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye molecules adsorbed on silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were immobilized and spatially isolated on polylysine-derivatized glass coverslips, and confocal laser microspectroscopy was used to obtain surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra from individual R6G molecules. The photodecomposition of these molecules was observed with 150-ms temporal resolution. The photoproduct was identified as graphitic carbon based on the appearance of broad SERS vibrational bands at 1592 cm(-1) and 1340 cm(-1) observed in both bulk and averaged single-molecule photoproduct spectra. In contrast, when observed at the single-molecule level, the photoproduct yielded sharp SERS spectra. The inhomogeneous broadening of the bulk SERS spectra is due to a variety of photoproducts, in different surface orientations and is a characteristic of ensemble-averaged measurements of disordered systems. These single-molecule studies indicate a photodecomposition pathway by which the R6G molecule desorbs from the metal surface, an excited-state photoreaction occurs, and the R6G photoproduct(s) readsorbs to the surface. A SERS spectrum is obtained when either the intact R6G or the R6G photoproduct(s) are adsorbed on a SERS-active site. This work further illustrates the power of single-molecule spectroscopy (SMS) to reveal unique behaviors of single molecules that are not discernable with bulk measurements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM semory@lanl.gov; wpa@lanl.gov; pmg@lanl.gov; keller@lanl.gov NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3936-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4258 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.430762 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT01V UT WOS:000171643300009 ER PT S AU Waychunas, GA AF Waychunas, GA BE Banfield, JF Navrotsky, A TI Structure, aggregation and characterization of nanoparticles SO NANOPARTICLES AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SMALL PLATINUM PARTICLES; LATTICE CONTRACTION; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-NUCLEATION; NANOCRYSTALS C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Geochem, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Geochem, Div Earth Sci, MS 70-108B,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 143 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-939950-56-1 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2001 VL 44 BP 105 EP 166 PG 62 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BX40B UT WOS:000185149500004 ER PT J AU Collins, B White, PS Imm, DW AF Collins, B White, PS Imm, DW TI Introduction to ecology and management of rare plants of the Southeast SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rare plants; southeastern United States ID SPECIES SOLIDAGO-SHORTII; FLORIDA; DIVERSITY; HABITAT; COMMON; RARITY AB This issue of Natural Areas Journal focuses on ecology and management of rare plants of the southeastern United States. This region lies mostly south of the Wisconsin glacial boundary and includes sections of the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Appalachian Highlands Physiographic Provinces. Lack of glaciation might have helped concentrate rare plants in the Southeast; varied geology, topography, and soils contribute to diverse habitats with rare plants. Habitat loss threatens rare plants of southeastern ecosystems. Development and fire exclusion have contributed to fragmentation and rarity in once widespread longleaf pine communities and in Florida scrub. Depression wetlands, which dot the southern coastal plain and are foci for rare plants, are often ditched or drained. Urbanization has fragmented rare plant populations along river corridors. The articles in this issue focus on the distribution of southeastern rare plants and some habitats of concern, and discuss ecological and management aspects of rarity. As rare plant populations decline in the southeast, detailed information on their distributions and ecological interactions can inform monitoring and management decisions. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Collins, B (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 8 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 397WD UT WOS:000166720100002 ER PT J AU Philippi, T Collins, B Guisti, S Dixon, PM AF Philippi, T Collins, B Guisti, S Dixon, PM TI A multistage approach to population monitoring for rare plant populations SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE demographic monitoring; Echinacea laevigata; multistage sampling; rare plants; reproductive value ID COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; REPRODUCTIVE VALUE; CONSERVATION AB Monitoring populations of endangered, threatened, or sensitive species to provide information on population status and trends is often mandated. Monitoring plant population size over time is not trivial, even though plants are stationary. Demographic status often must be included in monitoring information because individuals of different status contribute differentially to population dynamics. However, the important status may be difficult to census, and resource limitations may preclude complete demographic monitoring of all but the smallest and most important populations. Further, the duration of the census activity controls the power to detect a trend, so comparability with any prior data increases the current value of any monitoring program. The optimal monitoring protocol need not be a single methodology and intensity applied to the entire population. In some cases, multistage sampling, combining extensive plant counts with intensive demographic monitoring of subsets of individuals, can provide more powerful monitoring and simultaneously allow continued use of prior data. The key to this possibility is using reproductive values, estimated from intensively sampled subsets, as weights for the extensive plant counts. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Philippi, T (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 397WD UT WOS:000166720100010 ER PT J AU Chipera, SJ Apps, JA AF Chipera, SJ Apps, JA TI Geochemical stability of natural zeolites SO NATURAL ZEOLITES: OCCURRENCE, PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID TEMPERATURE SOLUTION CALORIMETRY; ROCK-FORMING MINERALS; 6 SYNTHETIC SAMPLES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ION-EXCHANGE; SYSTEM NA2O-K2O-CAO-MGO-FEO-FE2O3-AL2O3-SIO2-TIO2-H2O-CO2; THERMOCHEMICAL DATA; POWDER DIFFRACTION; SILICATE MINERALS; SOFTWARE PACKAGE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chipera, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D469, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 111 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2001 VL 45 BP 117 EP 161 DI 10.2138/rmg.2001.45.3 PG 45 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BU62E UT WOS:000176544500003 ER PT J AU Bish, DL Boak, JM AF Bish, DL Boak, JM TI Clinoptilolite-heulandite nomenclature SO NATURAL ZEOLITES: OCCURRENCE, PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; GROUP ZEOLITES; MINERALS; NEVADA; USA C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bish, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D469, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2001 VL 45 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.2138/rmg.2001.45.5 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BU62E UT WOS:000176544500005 ER PT J AU Bish, DL Carey, JW AF Bish, DL Carey, JW TI Thermal behavior of natural zeolites SO NATURAL ZEOLITES: OCCURRENCE, PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID CRYSTAL X-RAY; POWDER DIFFRACTION; STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS; PRIMARY LEONHARDITE; HYDROUS CORDIERITE; CALCIUM ZEOLITES; EXCHANGED FORMS; DEHYDRATION; CLINOPTILOLITE; HEULANDITE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bish, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D469, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011 NR 73 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 12 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2001 VL 45 BP 403 EP 452 DI 10.2138/rmg.2001.45.13 PG 50 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BU62E UT WOS:000176544500013 ER PT J AU Brunkow, ME Jeffery, EW Hjerrild, KA Paeper, B Clark, LB Yasayko, SA Wilkinson, JE Galas, D Ziegler, SF Ramsdell, F AF Brunkow, ME Jeffery, EW Hjerrild, KA Paeper, B Clark, LB Yasayko, SA Wilkinson, JE Galas, D Ziegler, SF Ramsdell, F TI Disruption of a new forkhead/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID STATIONARY NIGHT BLINDNESS; SF MOUSE; X-CHROMOSOME; DNA-BINDING; T-CELLS; GENE; MUTATION; DISEASE; EXPRESSION; MUTANT AB Scurfy (sf) is an X-linked recessive mouse mutant resulting in lethality in hemizygous males 16-25 days after birth, and is characterized by overproliferation of CD4+CD8- T lymphocytes, extensive multiorgan infiltration and elevation of numerous cytokines(1-4). Similar to animals that lack expression of either Ctla-4 (refs, 5,6) or Tgf-beta (refs, 7,8), the pathology observed in sf mice seems to result from an inability to properly regulate CD4+CD8- T-cell activity(3,9). Here we identify the gene defective in sf mice by combining high-resolution genetic and physical mapping with large-scale sequence analysis. The protein encoded by this gene (designated Foxp3) is a new member of the forkhead/winged-helix family of transcriptional regulators and is highly conserved in humans. In sf mice, a frameshift mutation results in a product lacking the forkhead domain. Genetic complementation demonstrates that the protein product of Foxp3, scurfin, is essential for normal immune homeostasis. C1 Celltech Chirosci Inc, Bothell, WA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Keck Grad Inst Appl Life Sci, Claremont, CA USA. Virginia Mason Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Brunkow, ME (reprint author), Celltech Chirosci Inc, Bothell, WA USA. RI Ain, Kenneth/A-5179-2012 OI Ain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2668-934X NR 31 TC 1347 Z9 1446 U1 3 U2 46 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1038/83784 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 388NP UT WOS:000166187900018 PM 11138001 ER PT J AU Alagramam, KN Murcia, CL Kwon, HY Pawlowski, KS Wright, CG Woychik, RP AF Alagramam, KN Murcia, CL Kwon, HY Pawlowski, KS Wright, CG Woychik, RP TI The mouse Ames waltzer hearing-loss mutant is caused by mutation of Pcdh15, a novel protocadherin gene SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DEAFNESS AB The neuroepithelia of the inner ear contain hair cells that function as mechanoreceptors to transduce sound and motion signals. Mutations affecting these neuroepithelia cause deafness and vestibular dysfunction in humans(1-3). Ames waltzer (av) is a recessive mutation found in mice that causes deafness and a balance disorder associated with the degeneration of inner ear neuroepithelial. Here we report that the gene that harbours the av mutation encodes a novel protocadherin. Cochlear hair cells in the av mutants show abnormal stereocilia by 10 days after birth (P10). This is the first evidence for the requirement of a protocadherin for normal function of the mammalian inner ear. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Div Genet Engn, Korean Ind Property Off, Seo Ku, Taejon, South Korea. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Dallas, TX USA. Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Alameda, CA USA. RP Woychik, RP (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD07104]; NIDCD NIH HHS [1RO1-DC03420] NR 19 TC 212 Z9 218 U1 3 U2 5 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 388NP UT WOS:000166187900024 PM 11138007 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Cho, HS Pelton, JG Yan, DL Henderson, RK King, DS Huang, LS Kustu, S Berry, EA Wemmer, DE AF Lee, SY Cho, HS Pelton, JG Yan, DL Henderson, RK King, DS Huang, LS Kustu, S Berry, EA Wemmer, DE TI Crystal structure of an activated response regulator bound to its target SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLAGELLAR SWITCH PROTEIN; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CHEY; BINDING; FLIM; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; SOFTWARE; SYSTEM AB The chemotactic regulator CheY controls the direction of flagellar rotation in Escherichia coli. We have determined the crystal structure of BeF3--activated CheY from E. coli in complex with an N-terminal peptide derived from its target, FliM. The structure reveals that the first seven residues of the peptide pack against the beta4-H4 loop and helix H4 of CheY in an extended conformation, whereas residues 8-15 form two turns of helix and pack against the H4-beta5-H5 face, The peptide binds the only region of CheY that undergoes noticeable conformational change upon activation and would most likely be sandwiched between activated CheY and the remainder of FliM to reverse the direction of flagellar rotation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 52 EP 56 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 388PB UT WOS:000166189100017 PM 11135671 ER PT J AU Wojciak, JM Iwahara, J Clubb, RT AF Wojciak, JM Iwahara, J Clubb, RT TI The Mu repressor-DNA complex contains an immobilized 'wing' within the minor groove SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATION HOST FACTOR; SIDE-CHAIN RESONANCES; BINDING DOMAIN; PHAGE-MU; BACTERIOPHAGE-MU; LARGER PROTEINS; NMR STRUCTURE; TRANSPOSITIONAL ENHANCER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACKBONE AMIDE AB We have determined the solution structure of the complex between the 'winged-helix' enhancer binding domain of the Mu repressor protein and its cognate DNA site. The structure reveals an unusual use for the 'wing' which becomes immobilized upon DNA binding where it makes intermolecular hydrogen bond contacts deep within the minor groove. Although the wing is mobile in the absence of DNA, it partially negates the large entropic penalty associated with its burial by maintaining a small degree of structural order in the DNA-free state. Extensive contacts are also formed between the recognition helix and the DNA, which reads the major groove of a highly conserved region of the binding site through a single base-specific hydrogen bond and van der Waals contacts. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Clubb, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Dept Chem & Biochem, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 84 EP 90 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 388PB UT WOS:000166189100023 PM 11135677 ER PT S AU Rao, NSV Radhakrishnan, S Choel, BY AF Rao, NSV Radhakrishnan, S Choel, BY BE Lorenz, P TI NetLets: Measurement-based routing for end-to-end performance over the Internet SO NETWORKING - ICN 2001, PT I, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Networking CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL COLMAR, FRANCE SP Assoc Colmar Liberty, GdR CNRS ARP, Minist Rech, Univ Haute Alsace, France Telecom, IEEE, IEE, IST, WSES ID QUICKEST PATH PROBLEM; ALGORITHMS AB Routing in the Internet is based on the best-effort mechanism, wherein a router forwards a packet to minimize the number of hops to the destination. Also in the Internet, all packets are treated the same independent of their size. We propose the framework of NetLets to enable the applications to send data packets to the destination with certain guarantees on the end-to-end delay. NetLets employ built-in instruments to measure the bandwidths and propagation delays on the links, and compute the minimum end-to-end delay paths for data packets of various sizes. Based on our experiments, the paths selected by our system using the measurements are indeed the minimum end-to-end delay paths, and our method outperformed the best-effort mechanism based on the hop count. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.gov; sridhar@cs.ou.edu OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42302-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2093 BP 184 EP 193 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BT88T UT WOS:000174347800019 ER PT S AU Stocia, AD Wang, XL Popovici, M Hubbard, C AF Stocia, AD Wang, XL Popovici, M Hubbard, C BE Wood, JL Anderson, IS TI Neutron imaging with Bragg mirrors SO NEUTRON OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neutron Optics CY AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE neutron imaging; time-of-flight diffraction; Bragg optics; pulsed neutron source ID CRYSTAL; MONOCHROMATOR; DIFFRACTION; POSITION; LAMELLAE; PACKET AB Phase-space analysis of neutron optics has revealed that neutron imaging by Bragg reflection from thick bent perfect crystals can be non-dispersive (independent of the neutron wavelength), like with an optical mirror. The corresponding devices, called Bragg mirrors (BM), can be used for neutron imaging at pulsed neutron sources. Using a position sensitive detector (PSD) and time-of-flight analysis (TOF), a BM imaging system will make it possible to collect both real space mapping data and scattering space data simultaneously. Each pixel of PSD will correspond to a point in the sample and will contain a segment of the diffraction pattern (useful for strain, texture or phase analysis), or of an inelastic spectrum. In this paper the resolution and efficiency of BM in TOF diffraction experiments are calculated and compared with the usual sequential method of mapping. Experimental tests performed at steady state neutron sources showed sub-millimeter spatial resolution in the one-dimensional case. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stocia, AD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4223-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4509 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.448060 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT65F UT WOS:000173645400001 ER PT S AU Iolin, EM Werner, SA Agamalian, MM AF Iolin, EM Werner, SA Agamalian, MM BE Wood, JL Anderson, IS TI Propagation of neutron de Broglie waves inside the slot cut in a single Si crystal SO NEUTRON OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neutron Optics CY AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE neutron; resonator; slot; crystal; back-scattering; EDM; Schwinger interaction AB It was recently proposed by Dombeck et al to search for a Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) by means of the neutron multiple Bragg back-scattering. The dynamical diffraction analysis of the proposed experiment is the subject of this paper. The neutron wave modes were calculated for the case of the infinitely long slot cut inside of a thick Si crystal parallel to the crystallographic planes and placed in a steady magnetic field. The calculated neutron modes have a discrete spectrum of a momenta along the direction of the slot axis. The external magnetic field causes some particular discrete modes to become degenerate. However, the Schwinger and EDM interactions of neutrons with the slot walls break this degeneracy, which in turn leads to the complicated motion of the neutron polarization vector along the slot axis. The spin deviation from the starting direction is accumulated during neutron motion in slot. The energy spectrum of neutrons transmitted through the slot contains several peaks instead of one existing for the case of the ultra back-scattering regime. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Iolin, EM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Agamalian, Michael/0000-0002-9112-2534 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4223-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4509 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1117/12.448074 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT65F UT WOS:000173645400004 ER PT S AU Rehm, C Agamalian, N AF Rehm, C Agamalian, N BE Wood, JL Anderson, IS TI Flux gain for next-generation neutron-scattering instruments resulting from improved supermirror performance SO NEUTRON OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neutron Optics CY AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE neutron scattering; neutron guides; supermirrors; instrument performance AB Next-generation spallation neutron source facilities will offer instruments with unprecedented capabilities through simultaneous enhancement of source power and usage of advanced optical components. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), already under construction at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and scheduled to be completed by 2006, will provide greater than an order of magnitude more effective source flux than current state-of-the-art facilities, including the most advanced research reactors. An additional order of magnitude gain is expected through the use of new optical devices and instrumentation concepts. Many instrument designs require supermirror (SM) neutron guides with very high critical angles for total reflection. In this contribution, we will discuss how the performance of modem neutron scattering instruments depends on the efficiency of these supermirrors. We outline ideas for enhancing the performance of the SM coatings, particularly for improving the reflectivity at the position of the critical wave vector transfer. A simulation program has been developed which allows different approaches for SM designs to be studied. Possible instrument performance gains are calculated for the example of the SNS reflectometer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, SNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rehm, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, SNS, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Agamalian, Michael/0000-0002-9112-2534 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4223-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4509 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1117/12.448076 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT65F UT WOS:000173645400006 ER PT S AU Langan, P Schoenborn, BP Daeman, LL AF Langan, P Schoenborn, BP Daeman, LL BE Wood, JL Anderson, IS TI A device for cutting the time tail from spallation neutron pulses SO NEUTRON OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neutron Optics CY AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE spallation neutron source; pulsed beam; time-tail; tail-cutting; coupled moderator; multi-layer; protein crystallography; Monte Carlo; Los Alamos Neutron Science Center; chopper ID MONTE-CARLO TOOL; SCATTERING AB The presence of long time tails in the neutron pulse produced by spallation sources is sometimes a problem in that it leads to background and can diminish the resolving power of the spectrometer. This problem is potentially severe with coupled moderators that are capable of providing increased intensity but at the cost of longer tails. The simple device we propose here is based on rocking a stack of multi-layers in the incident beam to attenuate these tails in a given band of incident wavelengths. The device and its operation are described and we present the results of Monte Carlo simulations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Langan, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4223-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4509 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.448077 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT65F UT WOS:000173645400007 ER PT S AU Stocia, AD Crow, ML Robertson, JL AF Stocia, AD Crow, ML Robertson, JL BE Wood, JL Anderson, IS TI Depth-graded multilayers as neutron Doppler converters at pulsed neutron source SO NEUTRON OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neutron Optics CY AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE multilayers; Doppler converters; ultra cold neutrons; pulsed neutron source ID ULTRACOLD NEUTRONS; SPALLATION SOURCE; BRAGG REFLECTION; MOVING LATTICES; COLD; CRYSTAL AB A moving diffractor changes the energy of elastically diffracted neutrons by the Doppler effect. Depth-graded multilayers can diffract neutrons over a large band of energy. Using a pulsed neutron source, such a depth-graded multilayer, decelerating synchronously with the incident neutron pulse, can shift the reflected neutrons into a compressed energy window. This focusing in energy is associated with a broadening of the pulse in time, but the process does not involve a significant decrease in the neutron phase-space density. The proposed method can be used to design long pulse or quasi-continuous sources of cold, very cold or ultra cold neutrons (UCN). The analysis concentrates on enhanced production of UCN at pulsed neutron sources. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stocia, AD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stoicaad@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4223-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4509 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.448061 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT65F UT WOS:000173645400008 ER PT S AU Parizzi, AD Lee, WT Klose, F AF Parizzi, AD Lee, WT Klose, F BE Wood, JL Anderson, IS TI Requirements for the optical elements of a spin-resonance energy filter for neutrons at reactor and pulsed source instruments SO NEUTRON OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neutron Optics CY AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE neutron scattering; neutron energy filter; Drabkin spin-resonance flipper; pulse shaping; pulsed neutron sources; wavelength resolution AB In this contribution, we evaluate novel applications of an energy band-pass filter for thermal and cold neutron beams. Our proposal is based on the original concept of the Drabkin spin-resonance flipper, which had been considered as a tunable neutron energy filter at reactor sources. The device takes advantage of the fact that the neutron has a magnetic moment, and consists of a wavelength-selective electromagnetic resonator and a supermirror polarizer/analyzer system. We are proposing improvements to the use of the device, making it suitable for time-of-flight experiments at spallation neutron sources. The modifications include utilizing time-dependence in the flipping process and revised magnetic field profiles. Calculations and preliminary results are presented, demonstrating the sensitivity of the device to the efficiency of the polarizing supermirror optics and to the angular divergence of the beam. We will compare the performance of the Drabkin energy filter used in static mode at reactor instruments and in dynamic mode at a pulsed source, and evaluate the potentially achievable wavelength resolution for the case of a reflectometry experiment. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Parizzi, AD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4223-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4509 BP 114 EP 125 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT65F UT WOS:000173645400013 ER PT S AU Lee, WT Klose, F AF Lee, WT Klose, F BE Wood, JL Anderson, IS TI The SNS magnetism reflectometer: Basic design and neutron guide optimization using Monte Carlo simulations SO NEUTRON OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neutron Optics CY AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE neutron scattering; neutron reflectometer; neutron guide; Monte Carlo simulations ID POLARIZED NEUTRONS AB In this contribution, we summarize the optimization of the neutron guide optics of the Magnetism Reflectometer, which is currently under construction at the Spallation Neutron Source. The guide system consists of a straight source tube, a polygonal curved multi-channel bender, and a converging guide section. The bender will be essential for high-energy neutron and gamma-ray background suppression, while the converging guide will focus the neutron beam onto the sample. Monte Carlo (MC) numerical methods were used to optimize the guide performance. The flux on sample and detector count rates were systematically determined for various guide configurations. The impact of guide imperfections like surface waviness and misalignment of sections are also studied. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, SNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, WT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, SNS, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4223-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4509 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.448069 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT65F UT WOS:000173645400016 ER PT S AU Saxena, AM AF Saxena, AM BE Wood, JL Anderson, IS TI Characteristics of neutron multilayer devices from ray-tracing calculations SO NEUTRON OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neutron Optics CY AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE neutron focusing; thin-film multilayer; wavelength bandwidth; segmented multilayer ID FILM AB Characteristics of a neutron-focusing device based on five thin-film multilayers that are (1) oriented at slightly different angles with respect to the mean ray to converge the neutron beam reflected by each individual section, and (2) have slightly different d-spacings such that the neutron beam reflected by each section has the same mean wavelength, were evaluated using a Monte Carlo program for a number geometries. The influence of changing the distance between the focusing device and the detector was studied, and the effect of small deviations from the desired values was also explored. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Saxena, AM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4223-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4509 BP 166 EP 178 DI 10.1117/12.448072 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT65F UT WOS:000173645400018 ER PT B AU Newman, BD Duffy, CJ Hickmott, DD AF Newman, BD Duffy, CJ Hickmott, DD BE Seiler, KP Wohnlich, S TI Evaluating the hydrogeochemical response of springs using singular spectrum analysis and phase-plane plots SO NEW APPROACHES CHARACTERIZING GROUNDWATER FLOW, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International-Association-of-Hydrogeologists Congress CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Hydrogeologists, Assoc Tracer Hydrologists AB An ongoing study is focused on understanding the hydrology and geochemistry of three contaminated, perennial, semi-arid springs at a high explosives production facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory, in northern New Mexico, USA. Springflow time series were examined using singular spectrum analysis (SSA) to identify the important timescales affecting flow in the springs. SSA results suggest that springflow has two dominant patterns: a series of low-frequency modes which follow the seasonal and longer-term climate conditions at the site, and a large number of higher frequency modes which display the characteristic "red noise" spectrum related to local, short-term weather conditions at the site. Phase-plane plots of delta O-18 and spring discharge suggest that high flow conditions are dominated by snowmelt and summer monsoon inputs while low flow conditions can be affected by mixing of fast and slow flow components causing wide variations in delta O-18 values. The analysis is being used for development of an efficient strategy for sampling design for environmental monitoring of contaminants that respond to multiple time scales. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Newman, BD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hickmott, Donald/C-2886-2011 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-848-X PY 2001 BP 763 EP 767 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BT38T UT WOS:000172834600151 ER PT B AU Kamae, T AF Kamae, T CA GLAST Lge Area Telescope colla BE Inoue, H Kunieda, H TI Science with gamma-ray large area space telescope SO NEW CENTURY OF X-RAY ASTRONOMY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Century of X-Ray Astronomy CY MAR 06-08, 2001 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Kamae, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-091-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 251 BP 196 EP 199 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU69N UT WOS:000176731500040 ER PT B AU Tucker, DL Smith, JA Brinkmann, J AF Tucker, DL Smith, JA Brinkmann, J CA SDSS Collaboration BE Clowes, R Adamson, A Bromage, G TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey standard star network SO NEW ERA OF WIDE FIELD ASTRONOMY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the New Era of Wide Field Astronomy CY AUG 21-24, 2000 CL UNIV CENT LANCASHIRE, PRESTON, ENGLAND HO UNIV CENT LANCASHIRE AB Here we describe the recently calibrated official set of primary standard stars for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) u'g'r'i'z' system. We also discuss the plans for extending this network deep into the southern sky. Advantages to the u'g'r'i'z' system include wide effective bandwidths and almost full coverage of the optical to near infrared spectrum (3,000 to 11,000 Angstroms). Survey projects planning to use the u'g'r'i'z' system include not only the SDSS, but also the Visual and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA), the NSF/NASA NStars program (which will compile a complete census of stars and brown dwarfs within 25 pc of the Sun), and the HST Advanced Camera For Surveys (ACS). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Tucker, DL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 127, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-065-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 232 BP 13 EP 15 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU31N UT WOS:000175668200002 ER PT B AU Lee, B Tucker, D Brinkmann, J AF Lee, B Tucker, D Brinkmann, J BE Clowes, R Adamson, A Bromage, G TI Compact groups of galaxies in the SDSS commissioning data SO NEW ERA OF WIDE FIELD ASTRONOMY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the New Era of Wide Field Astronomy CY AUG 21-24, 2000 CL UNIV CENT LANCASHIRE, PRESTON, ENGLAND HO UNIV CENT LANCASHIRE AB Compact groups (CGs) of galaxies - relatively poor groups of galaxies in which the typical separations between members is of the order of a galaxy diameter - offer an exceptional laboratory for the study of dense galaxian environments with short (< 1 Gyr) dynamical timescales. We are now in the preliminary stages of extracting an objectively defined catalog of CGs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometric data down to a limiting galaxy magnitude of r' = 21. As a first attempt, we have applied Hickson's (1982) criteria for finding, CGs on over 200 deg(2) of SDSS commissioning data down to a magnitude of r' = 21. We find 1084 previously unknown CGs. Redshifts and colors of group members are examined: we find that, on the average, CG member galaxies tend to be intrinsically redder than a similarly selected catalog of field galaxies. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, MS 127 WH7W,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-065-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 232 BP 170 EP 172 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU31N UT WOS:000175668200034 ER PT B AU LaMar, E Hamann, B Joy, KI AF LaMar, E Hamann, B Joy, KI GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI A magnification lens for interactive volume visualization SO NINTH PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (Pacific Graphics 01) CY OCT 16-18, 2001 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Informat Proc Soc Japan AB Volume visualization of large data sets suffers from the same problem that many other visualization modalities suffer from: either one can visualize the entire data set and loose small details or visualize a small region and loose the context. In this paper we present a magnification lens technique for volume visualization. While the notion of a magnification-lens is not new, and other techniques attempt to simulate the physical properties of a magnifying lens, our contribution is in developing a magnification lens that is fast, can be implemented using a fairly small software overhead, and has a natural, intuitive appearance. The issue with magnification lens is the border or transition, region. The lens center arid exterior have a constant zoom factor and are simple to render It is the border region that blends between the external and interior magnification. and has a nonconstant magnification. We use the "perspective-correct textures" capability, available in most current graphics systems, to produce a lens with a tessellated border region that approximates linear compression with respect to the radius of the magnification lens. We discuss how a "cubic" border can mitigate the discontinuities resulting from the use of a linear junction, without significant performance loss. We discuss various issues concerning development of a three-dimensional magnification lens. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lamarl@llnl.gov; hamann@cs.ucdavis.edu; joy@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 13 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1227-5 PY 2001 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1109/PCCGA.2001.962877 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT12Y UT WOS:000172028900026 ER PT B AU Sohn, H Farrar, CP AF Sohn, H Farrar, CP BE Sas, P Moens, D TI Time series analyses for locating damage sources in vibration systems SO NOISE AND VIBRATION ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 - 3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International ISMA Workshop on Noise and Vibration in Agricultural and Biological Engineering CY SEP 13-14, 2000 CL LEUVEN, BELGIUM SP Catholic Univ Leuven, Dept Agro Enen & Econ AB A novel time series analysis procedure is presented to localize damage sources in a mechanical system. An attempt is made to pinpoint the sources of nonlinear damage by solely analysing the vibration signatures recorded from a structure of interests. First, a linear prediction model, combining Auto-Regressive (AR) and Auto-Regressive with eXogenous inputs (ARX) techniques, is estimated using a time series recorded under an undamaged stage of the structure. Then, the residual error, which is the difference between the actual time measurement and the prediction from the previously estimated AR-ARX combined model, is defined as our damage-sensitive feature. This study is based on the premise that if there were damage in the structure, the prediction model previously identified using the undamaged time history data would not be able to reproduce the newly obtained time series data measured under a damaged state of the structure. Furthermore, the increase of the residual errors would be maximised at the sensors instrumented near the actual damage locations. The applicability of this approach is demonstrated using the vibration test data obtained from an eight degrees-of-freedom (DOF) mass-spring system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp ESA EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp ESA EA, M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN, DEPT WERKTUIGKUNDE PI HEVERLEE PA CELESTIJNENLAAN 300B, HEVERLEE, B-3001, BELGIUM BN 90-73802-76-8 PY 2001 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP44 UT WOS:000226877800025 ER PT B AU Cundy, AL Farrar, CR AF Cundy, AL Farrar, CR BE Sas, P Moens, D TI Modeling a native American ruin: Determination of an upper-bound earthquake at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO NOISE AND VIBRATION ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 - 3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International ISMA Workshop on Noise and Vibration in Agricultural and Biological Engineering CY SEP 13-14, 2000 CL LEUVEN, BELGIUM SP Catholic Univ Leuven, Dept Agro Enen & Econ AB The seismic history of the land in and surrounding Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has been the subject of much study in recent years. The Seismic Hazards Committee has been charged with evaluating seismic hazards facing LANL and, based on these findings, making a recommendation for retrofit or replacement of existing buildings. Studies done in the past have examined written record (which extends back only approximately 50 years) and approached the problem from a geologic perspective. While much has been gained from these studies, a great deal of uncertainty still surrounds seismic recurrence interval estimates. This project is concerned with one aspect of validating recurrence interval estimates using a structural dynamics methodology. A prehistoric Native American ruin on LANL property was modeled using finite element methods in order to formulate an upper bound earthquake estimate for LANL. Results from testing and verification thus far seem to correspond with geologic and historical findings. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cundy, AL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN, DEPT WERKTUIGKUNDE PI HEVERLEE PA CELESTIJNENLAAN 300B, HEVERLEE, B-3001, BELGIUM BN 90-73802-76-8 PY 2001 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP44 UT WOS:000226877800046 ER PT B AU Hemez, FM Doebling, SW AF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW BE Sas, P Moens, D TI Inversion of structural dynamics simulations: State-of-the-art and orientations of the research SO NOISE AND VIBRATION ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 - 3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International ISMA Workshop on Noise and Vibration in Agricultural and Biological Engineering CY SEP 13-14, 2000 CL LEUVEN, BELGIUM SP Catholic Univ Leuven, Dept Agro Enen & Econ AB This publication offers an overview of the technology available for formulating inverse problems and correlating measured responses with simulations from finite element analysis. The application targeted is clearly structural dynamics although most of the techniques discussed here originate or find their counterparts in physics and other engineering fields. After reviewing the state-of-the-art practices in model updating where a mostly linear model is optimized to satisfy a series of modal criteria of correlation, an assessment of the advantages and limitations of this technology is offered. Current orientations of inverse problem solving are discussed, including the need to propagate variability through the simulation; the generation of fast running models; the adequate choice of data metrics for nonlinear dynamics; sampling strategies for the optimization; and hypothesis testing in the context of multivariate data analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN, DEPT WERKTUIGKUNDE PI HEVERLEE PA CELESTIJNENLAAN 300B, HEVERLEE, B-3001, BELGIUM BN 90-73802-76-8 PY 2001 BP 403 EP 413 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP44 UT WOS:000226877800053 ER PT S AU Roach, D Rackow, K AF Roach, D Rackow, K BE Baaklini, GY Boltz, ES Shepard, SM Shull, PJ TI Assessing inspection sensitivity as it relates to damage tolerance in composite rotor hubs SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Composites V Conference CY MAR 07-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE DE rotorcraft; nondestructive inspection; composites; damage tolerance AB Increasing niche applications, growing international markets, and the emergence of advanced rotorcraft technology are expected to greatly increase the population of helicopters over the next decade. In terms of fuselage fatigue, helicopters show similar trends as fixed-wing aircraft. The highly unsteady loads experienced by rotating wings not only directly affect components in the dynamic systems but are also transferred to the fixed airframe structure. Expanded use of rotorcraft has focused attention on the use of new materials and the optimization of maintenance practices. The FAA's Airworthiness Assurance Center (AANC) at Sandia National Labs has joined with Bell Helicopter and other agencies in the rotorcraft industry to evaluate nondestructive inspection (NDI) capabilities in light of the damage tolerance of assorted rotorcraft structural components. Currently, the program's emphasis is on composite rotor hubs. The rotorcraft industry is constantly evaluating new types of lightweight composite materials that not only enhance the safety and reliability of rotor components, but also improve performance and extend operating life as well. Composite rotor hubs have led to the use of bearingless rotor systems that are less complex and require less maintenance than their predecessors. The test facility described in this paper allows the structural stability and damage tolerance of composite hubs to be evaluated using realistic flight load spectrums of centrifugal force and bending loads. NDI was integrated into the life-cycle fatigue tests in order to evaluate flaw detection sensitivity simultaneously with residual strength and general rotor hub performance. This paper will describe the evolving use of damage tolerance analysis (DTA) to direct and improve rotorcraft maintenance along with the related use of nondestructive inspections to manage helicopter safety. Overall, the data from this project will provide information to improve the producibility, inspectability, serviceability, and cost effectivity of rotorcraft components. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, FAA Airworthiness Assurance Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roach, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, FAA Airworthiness Assurance Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Johnson, Marilyn/E-7209-2011 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4022-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4336 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.435559 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT33X UT WOS:000172675000003 ER PT S AU Moller, P Madland, DG Sierk, AJ Iwamoto, A AF Moller, P Madland, DG Sierk, AJ Iwamoto, A BE Li, ZX Wu, K Wu, X Zhao, E Sakata, F TI Fission mass division and topology of potential energy surface SO NONEQUILIBRIUM AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN NUCLEAR AND OTHER FINITE SYSTEMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Non-equilibrium and Nonlinear Dynamics in Nuclear and Other Finite Systems CY MAY 21-25, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Nucl Phys Soc AB We present calculations of fission potential energy surface based on Strutinsky's prescription for realistic 5-parameter shape parameterization of the fissioning nucleus. The determination of the saddle points in this 5-dimensional potential energy surface was performed directly, The calculated fission saddle points present typical feature that most of the actinide nuclei have the lowest two saddle points, one is mass-symmetric and the other is mass-asymmetric, separated by a ridge. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moller, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0041-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 597 BP 243 EP 248 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU05N UT WOS:000174875600028 ER PT B AU Joo, K AF Joo, K BE Drechsel, D Tiator, L TI Single spin beam asymmetry measurements from single pi(degrees) electroproduction in the Delta(1232) resonance region SO NSTAR 2001, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR 2001) CY MAR 07-10, 2001 CL HOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV MAINZ, MAINZ, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Jefferson Lab, State Govt Rhineland Palatinate HO HOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV MAINZ AB New measurements of the electroproduction of the Delta(1232) resonance through p((e) over right arrow ,e'p)pi(0) reaction have been performed. The data were taken with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab. Single spin beam asymmetries were measured over a range of four-momentum transfer Q(2)=(0.3 - 0.9 GeV2). The high statistical accuracy of this data set provides new and unique information on the interference between resonant and non-resonant amplitudes, and is expected to provide strong constraints on dynamical models of the N --> Delta transition form factors. A preliminary multipole analysis will be presented. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Joo, K (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4760-5 PY 2001 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1142/9789812810878_0046 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU96C UT WOS:000177508600046 ER PT B AU Chen, JP AF Chen, JP BE Drechsel, D Tiator, L TI Generalized GDH sum rule and spin-dependent electroproduction in the resonance region SO NSTAR 2001, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR 2001) CY MAR 07-10, 2001 CL HOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV MAINZ, MAINZ, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Jefferson Lab, State Govt Rhineland Palatinate HO HOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV MAINZ ID GERASIMOV-DRELL-HEARN; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; POLARIZED LEPTONS; EVOLUTION; NEUTRON AB We have measured the spin-parallel and spin-perpendicular asymmetries and cross sections for inclusive (3)(H) over right arrowe((e) over right arrow, e') reaction from the quasielastic to beyond the resonance region. The Q(2) range covered is from 0.1 to 1 GeV2. From these data, the He-3 and the neutron spin structure and the Q(2) evolution of the generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum are extracted. Preliminary results are presented. Plans for future studies on this subject are discussed. Also discussed is a new approved experiment in the resonance region at higher Q(2) range to study spin duality. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, JP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4760-5 PY 2001 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1142/9789812810878_0054 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU96C UT WOS:000177508600054 ER PT B AU Burkert, VD AF Burkert, VD BE Drechsel, D Tiator, L TI Excitation of nucleon resonances SO NSTAR 2001, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR 2001) CY MAR 07-10, 2001 CL HOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV MAINZ, MAINZ, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Jefferson Lab, State Govt Rhineland Palatinate HO HOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV MAINZ ID SUM-RULE; BARYONS AB I discuss developments in the area of nucleon resonance excitation, both necessary and feasible, that would put our understanding of nucleon structure in the regime of strong QCD on a qualitatively new level. They involve the collection of high quality data in various channels, a more rigorous approach in the search for "missing" resonances, an effort to compute some critical quantities in nucleon resonance excitations from first principles, i.e. QCD, and a proposal focussed to obtain an understanding of a fundamental quantity in nucleon structure. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Burkert, VD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4760-5 PY 2001 BP 457 EP 465 DI 10.1142/9789812810878_0071 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU96C UT WOS:000177508600071 ER PT S AU Bossart, S Rosenberger, S Arnold, HU Sanders, MJ AF Bossart, S Rosenberger, S Arnold, HU Sanders, MJ GP IMECHE IMECHE IMECHE TI The RASP - safe size reduction of herogeneous objects SO NUCLEAR DECOM 2001: ENSURING SAFE, SECURE, AND SUCCESSFUL DECOMMISSIONING SE IMECHE CONFERENCE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Decom 2001 CY OCT 16-18, 2001 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP IMechE, Power Ind Div, Nucl Power Comm, British Nucl Energy Soc, Alstec, RWE Solut, JSME, IEE, Inst Civil Engineers AB A need was identified for the in situ size reduction of large components such as plutonium contaminated glove box lines and tanks as part of the decommissioning programme. A development programme carried out in Germany resulted in the production of a new cutting method that could be remotely deployed for the in situ segmentation of large components of this type. The test programme showed the method could successfully cut a wide range of materials and in various geometries, thus demonstrating a tremendous flexibility for tackling challenging segmentation tasks. NUKEM has selected RASP as acronym for this technology Remotely-Operated Advanced Segmentation Process or RASP. RASP is a remotely operated, dry, mechanical cutting technique that uses the basic principle of operating a hard metal abrasive wire in a reciprocating motion. The length of the wire can be readily changed to suit the size of component The technology was demonstrated in May 2000 at the test facilities of Florida International University Hemispheric Centre for Environmental Technology and successfully performed segmentation tasks for glove box and tank segmentation. C1 US DOE, NETL, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Bossart, S (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1356-1448 BN 1-86058-329-6 J9 IMECHE CONF TRANS PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 8 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT62P UT WOS:000173561200014 ER PT S AU Meservey, R Conner, C Rosenberger, S Sanders, MJ AF Meservey, R Conner, C Rosenberger, S Sanders, MJ GP IMECHE IMECHE IMECHE TI Copper cable recycling system - value gained from the recycling of copper from decommissioning projects SO NUCLEAR DECOM 2001: ENSURING SAFE, SECURE, AND SUCCESSFUL DECOMMISSIONING SE IMECHE CONFERENCE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Decom 2001 CY OCT 16-18, 2001 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP IMechE, Power Ind Div, Nucl Power Comm, British Nucl Energy Soc, Alstec, RWE Solut, JSME, IEE, Inst Civil Engineers AB The United States Department of Energy (DOE) continually seeks safer and more cost-effective technologies for the deactivation and decommissioning (D&D) of nuclear facilities. The Deactivation and Decommissioning Focus Area (DDFA) and the DOE's Office of Science and Technology (OST) sponsor Large Scale Demonstration and Deployment Projects (LSDDPs). The expanding programme of D&D activities can generate hundreds of tons of electrical cables per facility consuming valuable resources such as wasted disposal site capacity and wasted value of the recycled copper. Increasing environmental concerns as well as economical pressures are key drivers for developing a way for recycling of the uncontaminated copper. In November of 1999, the NUKEM Copper Cable Recycling System (CCRS) was demonstrated at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) as part of the LSDDP program. CCRS allows recovering and recycling the uncontaminated copper contained within the cables that have been contaminated externally. A total of 13.5 tons of non-contaminated and surrogate contaminated cables in a wide variety of sizes were successfully processed during the INEEL technology demonstration. The assessment has demonstrated the mobility and flexibility of this new process. The NUKEM CCRS was originally developed in Germany for use during the D&D of nuclear facilities. To date, the CCRS has successfully processed more than 200 metric tons of contaminated cables in Germany resulting in virtually 100% free release of copper in accordance with German standards. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Meservey, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1356-1448 BN 1-86058-329-6 J9 IMECHE CONF TRANS PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 8 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT62P UT WOS:000173561200015 ER PT J AU Herring, JS MacDonald, PE Weaver, KD Kullberg, C AF Herring, JS MacDonald, PE Weaver, KD Kullberg, C TI Low cost, proliferation resistant, uranium-thorium dioxide fuels for light water reactors SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB Our objective is to develop a fuel for the existing light water reactors (LWRs) that, (a) is less expensive to fabricate than the current uranium-dioxide (UO2) fuel: (b) allows longer refueling cycles and higher sustainable plant capacity factors: (c) is very resistant to nuclear weapon-material proliferation: (d) results in a more stable and insoluble waste form; and (e) generates less high level waste. This paper presents the results of our initial investigation of a LWR fuel consisting of mixed thorium dioxide and uranium dioxide (ThO2-UO2). Our calculations using the SCALE 4.4 and MOCUP code systems indicate that the mixed ThO2-UO2 fuel, with about 6 wt.% of the total heavy metal U-235, could be burned to 72 MW day kg(-1) (megawatt thermal days per kilogram) using 30 wt.%, UO2 and the balance ThO2. The ThO2-UO2 cores can also be burned to about 87 MW day kg(-1) using 35 wt.% UO2 and 65% ThO2 with an initial enrichment of about 7 wt.% of the total heavy metal fissile material. Economic analyses indicate that the ThO2-UO2 fuel will require less separative work and less total heavy metal (thorium and uranium) feedstock. At reasonable future costs for raw materials and separative work. the cost of the ThO2-UO2 fuel is about 9%, less than uranium fuel burned to 72 MW day kg(-1). Because ThO2-UO2 fuel will operate somewhat cooler, and retain within the fuel more of the fission products, especially the gasses. ThO2-UO2 fuel can probably be operated successfully to higher burnups than UO2 fuel. This will allow for longer refueling cycles and better plant capacity factors. The uranium in our calculations remained below 20 wt.% total fissile fraction throughout the cycle, making it unusable for weapons. Total plutonium production per MW day was a factor of 3.2 less in the ThO2-UO2 fuel than in the conventional UO2 fuel burned to 45 MW day kg(-1). Pu-239 production per MW day was a factor of about 4 less in the ThO2-UO2 fuel than in the conventional fuel. The plutonium produced was high in Pu-238, leading to a decay heat about three times greater than that from plutonium derived from conventional fuel burned to 45 MW day kg(-1) and 20 times greater than weapons grade plutonium. This will make fabrication of a weapon more difficult. Spontaneous neutron production from the plutonium in the ThO2-UO2 fuel was about 50% greater than that from conventional fuel and ten times greater than that from weapons grade plutonium. High spontaneous neutron production drastically limits the probable yield of a crude weapon. Because ThO2 is the highest oxide of thorium while UO2 can be oxidized further to U3O8 or UO3, ThO2-UO2 fuel appears to be a superior waste form if the spent fuel is to be exposed ever to air or oxygenated water. And, finally, use of higher burnup fuel will result in proportionally fewer spent fuel bundles to handle, store, ship, and permanently dispose of. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Adv Nucl Energy Prod, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Herring, JS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Adv Nucl Energy Prod, POB 1625,MS 3860, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 34 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 203 IS 1 BP 65 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(00)00297-1 PG 21 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 393WZ UT WOS:000166493800008 ER PT J AU Hibiki, T Ishii, M AF Hibiki, T Ishii, M TI Effect of inlet geometry on hot-leg U-bend two-phase natural circulation in a loop with a large diameter pipe SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID DRIFT-FLUX MODEL; VERTICAL TUBES; 2-PHASE FLOW; CRITERIA AB In relation to nuclear reactor accident and safety studies, experiments on hot-leg U-bend two-phase natural circulation in a loop with a relatively large diameter pipe (10.2 cm ID) was performed for understanding the two-phase natural circulation and flow termination during a small break loss of coolant accident in LWR. The loop design was based on the scaling criteria developed under this program and a horizontal section was inserted between the gas injector and the hot leg in order to investigate the effect of the vapor phase inlet section on the flow regimes and flow interruption. The loop was operated either in a natural circulation mode or ill a forced circulation mode using nitrogen gas and water. Various tests were carried out to establish the basic mechanism of the flow termination as well as to obtain essential information on scale effects of various parameters such as the loop frictional resistance, thermal center, and pipe diameter. The void distribution in a hot leg, flow regime and natural circulation rate were measured in detail for various conditions. The termination of the natural circulation occurred when there was insufficient hydrostatic head in the downcomer side. The superficial gas velocity at the flow termination could be predicted well by the simple model derived from a force balance between the frictional pressure drop along the loop and the hydrostatic head difference. The bubbly-to-slug flow transition was found to be dependent on axial locations. It turned out that the inlet geometry affected the flow regime at the inlet of the hot leg, namely the void distribution in the hot leg. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal & Safety Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Reactor, Kumatori, Osaka 5900494, Japan. RP Ishii, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Hibiki, Takashi /B-6923-2017 OI Hibiki, Takashi /0000-0002-4138-7286 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 203 IS 2-3 BP 209 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(00)00348-4 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 403KJ UT WOS:000167040800008 ER PT J AU Chen, H Hawkes, NC Ingesson, LC Peacock, NJ Haines, MG AF Chen, H Hawkes, NC Ingesson, LC Peacock, NJ Haines, MG TI Impurity transport with strong and weak internal thermal barriers in JET optimized shear plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT DEVICES; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; MODE DISCHARGES; CURRENT PROFILE; ASPECT RATIO; TURBULENCE; TOKAMAKS; SPECTROMETER; STABILITY; OPERATION AB Results of particle transport analysis are presented for both low and high charge impurity species in JET optimized shear plasmas. The impurity content in the plasma centre is sensitive to the strength of the internal transport barrier. In a strong transport barrier plasma, the diffusion coefficient in the centre is about an order of magnitude lower than that in plasmas with weak transport barriers. Impurity transport is close to the neoclassical transport prediction in the centre of the plasma, whereas it is much higher than the neoclassical theoretical value in the plasma edge. A convection term in the vicinity of the transport barrier was required in order to account for the measurements. These data support theories of turbulence suppression by the E x B shearing rate. C1 JET Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Abingdon, Oxon, England. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1 BP 31 EP 46 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/41/1/303 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 449JW UT WOS:000169682300003 ER PT J AU Whyte, DG Tynan, GR Doerner, RP Brooks, JN AF Whyte, DG Tynan, GR Doerner, RP Brooks, JN TI Investigation of carbon chemical erosion with increasing plasma flux and density SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK EDGE PLASMAS; GRAPHITE; BOMBARDMENT; EMISSION; DIVERTOR; ITER AB The possible reduction of the chemical erosion yield of carbon Y-chem with increasing hydrogenic ion flux is a critical issue for the use of carbon based plasma facing materials in future high flux confinement devices. The PISCES linear plasma device is used to assess carbon Y-chem through nearly an order of magnitude scan in flux (less than or equal to 10(23) S-1 m(-2)) and plasma density, while controlling other exposure parameters that are known to affect Y-chem; namely, incident ion energy and surface temperature. Two independent techniques are used to measure Y-chem, CD band emission spectroscopy and sample mass loss. Both techniques are carefully benchmarked using a combination of methane injection experiments and modelling. The key results of this study are that the CD molecular band photon efficiency is sensitive to the plasma density at fixed electron temperature and that the redeposition efficiency of hydrocarbons increases with density, thereby decreasing the measured net erosion. After taking these trends into account, no measurable flux dependence of Y-chem is found from either of the two measurement techniques, with Y-chem similar to 3-5% for an incident deuterium ion energy of 30 eV. Independent scans of incident energy and surface temperature confirm previously measured (by ion beams with relatively low fluxes) Y-chem dependences on these parameters. These results together suggest that apparent reductions of Y-chem in plasma devices with increasing flux are more likely to be attributed to either increasing redeposition efficiency with density, changing dissociation/excitation/transport properties of the hydrocarbons near the surface, decreasing incident energy or some combination thereof. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Whyte, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 36 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1 BP 47 EP 62 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/41/1/304 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 449JW UT WOS:000169682300004 ER PT J AU Herrmann, MC Tabak, M Lindl, JD AF Herrmann, MC Tabak, M Lindl, JD TI A generalized scaling law for the ignition energy of inertial confinement fusion capsules SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION; TARGETS; DESIGN; FACILITY; GAIN; DRIVEN AB The minimum energy needed to ignite an inertial confinement fusion capsule is of considerable interest in the optimization of an inertial fusion driver. Recent computational work investigating this minimum energy has found that it depends on the capsule implosion history, in particular, on the capsule drive pressure. This dependence is examined using a series of LASNEX simulations to find ignited capsules which have different values of the implosion velocity, fuel adiabat and drive pressure. It is found that the main effect of varying the drive pressure is to alter the stagnation of the capsule, changing its stagnation adiabat, which, in turn; affects the energy required for ignition. To account for this effect a generalized scaling law has been devised for the ignition energy, E-ign proportional to alpha (1.88+/-0.05)(if)v(-5.89+/-0.12)P(-0.77+/-0.03). This generalised scaling law agrees with the results of previous work in the appropriate limits. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Herrmann, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/41/1/308 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 449JW UT WOS:000169682300008 ER PT J AU Alam, MS Ciocio, A Einsweiler, K Emes, J Gilchriese, M Joshi, A Kleinfelder, S Marchesini, R McCormack, F Milgrome, O Palaio, N Pengg, F Ricardson, J Zizka, G Ackers, M Andreazza, A Comes, G Fischer, P Keil, M Klasen, V Kuhl, T Meuser, S Ockenfels, W Raith, B Treis, J Wermes, N Gossling, C Hugging, F Wustenfeld, J Wunstorf, R Barberis, D Beccherle, R Darbo, G Gagliardi, G Gemme, C Morettini, P Musico, P Osculati, B Parodi, F Rossi, L Blanquart, L Breugnon, P Calvet, D Clemens, JC Delpierre, P Hallewell, G Laugier, D Mouthuy, T Rozanov, A Valin, I Aleppo, M Caccia, M Ragusa, F Troncon, C Lutz, G Richter, RH Rohe, T Brandl, A Gorfine, G Hoeferkamp, M Seidel, SC Boyd, GR Skubic, PL Sicho, P Tomasek, L Vrba, V Holder, M Ziolkowski, M D'Auria, S del Papa, C Charles, E Fasching, D Becks, KH Lenzen, G Linder, C AF Alam, MS Ciocio, A Einsweiler, K Emes, J Gilchriese, M Joshi, A Kleinfelder, S Marchesini, R McCormack, F Milgrome, O Palaio, N Pengg, F Ricardson, J Zizka, G Ackers, M Andreazza, A Comes, G Fischer, P Keil, M Klasen, V Kuhl, T Meuser, S Ockenfels, W Raith, B Treis, J Wermes, N Gossling, C Hugging, F Wustenfeld, J Wunstorf, R Barberis, D Beccherle, R Darbo, G Gagliardi, G Gemme, C Morettini, P Musico, P Osculati, B Parodi, F Rossi, L Blanquart, L Breugnon, P Calvet, D Clemens, JC Delpierre, P Hallewell, G Laugier, D Mouthuy, T Rozanov, A Valin, I Aleppo, M Caccia, M Ragusa, F Troncon, C Lutz, G Richter, RH Rohe, T Brandl, A Gorfine, G Hoeferkamp, M Seidel, SC Boyd, GR Skubic, PL Sicho, P Tomasek, L Vrba, V Holder, M Ziolkowski, M D'Auria, S del Papa, C Charles, E Fasching, D Becks, KH Lenzen, G Linder, C TI The ATLAS silicon pixel sensors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID DETECTOR DESIGN AB Prototype sensors for the ATLAS silicon pixel detector have been developed. The design of the sensors is guided by the need to operate them in the severe LHC radiation environment at up to several hundred volts while maintaining a good signal-to-noise ratio, small cell size, and minimal multiple scattering. The ability to be operated under full bias for electrical characterization prior to attachment of the readout integrated circuit electronics is also desired. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-4600 Dortmund, Germany. Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. INFM, Genoa, Italy. Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, Marseille, France. Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. INFM, Milan, Italy. Max Planck Inst Phys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Dept Fis, Udine, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Seidel, SC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, New Mexico Ctr Particle Phys, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Andreazza, Attilio/E-5642-2011 OI Andreazza, Attilio/0000-0001-5161-5759 NR 8 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 456 IS 3 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00574-X PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 391UU UT WOS:000166374900005 ER PT J AU Piestrup, MA Beguiristain, HR Gary, CK Cremer, JT Pantell, RH Tatchyn, R AF Piestrup, MA Beguiristain, HR Gary, CK Cremer, JT Pantell, RH Tatchyn, R TI Compound refractive lenses for novel X-ray sources SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Radiation from Relativistic Electrons in Periodic Structures CY AUG, 1999 CL LAKE BAIKAL, RUSSIA DE compound refractive lenses; X-ray sources; X-ray optics ID RADIATION; ELECTRONS; TARGETS AB We have measured the intensity profile of X-rays focused by a linear array of closely spaced spherical lenses fabricated using Mylar (C5H4O2) We have experimentally demonstrated that we can achieve two-dimensional focusing for photon energies between 7 and 9 keV with imaging distances of less than 1 m. For example, using 8-keV X-rays we have achieved full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) linewidths down to 27.5 mum at a distance of only 62 cm from the lens. The effective aperture of the lens was measured to be about 390 mum with 38% transmission at 9 keV. A synchrotron source having source-size dimensions of 0.44 x 1.7 mm(2) was utilized for the experimental work. Such lenses are seen as useful for focusing and increasing the intensity of novel X-ray sources that are directional and have small source size (sigma < 1 mm). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Adelphi Technol Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Piestrup, MA (reprint author), Adelphi Technol Inc, 2181 Pk Blvd, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2001 VL 173 IS 1-2 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00244-5 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 388NJ UT WOS:000166186900025 ER PT J AU Live, D Silks, LAP Schmidt, J AF Live, D Silks, LAP Schmidt, J TI C-13 isotopic enrichment for nuclear magnetic resonance studies of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates SO NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE OF BIOLOGICA MACROMOLECULES, PT A SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MEDIUM; HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; RESIDUAL DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; STREPTOCOCCUS-MITIS J22; SIALYL-LEWIS-X; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; HETERONUCLEAR NMR; C-13-ENRICHED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGES; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Biophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Biol Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Stable Isotope Resource, Biosci Div, BIS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Live, D (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Biophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. OI Schmidt, Jurgen/0000-0002-8192-9940 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 02231] NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2001 VL 338 BP 305 EP 319 PN A PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BS48C UT WOS:000170035300013 PM 11460555 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RL Tinoco, I AF Gonzalez, RL Tinoco, I TI Identification and characterization of metal ion binding sites in RNA SO NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE OF BIOLOGICA MACROMOLECULES, PT A SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HAMMERHEAD RIBOZYME; PSEUDOCONTACT SHIFTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CYTOCHROME-C; MAJOR GROOVE; NMR; THERMODYNAMICS; CLEAVAGE; COMPLEX C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Biol Struct, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gonzalez, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Biol Struct, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 10840] NR 59 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2001 VL 338 BP 421 EP 443 PN A PG 23 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BS48C UT WOS:000170035300018 PM 11460561 ER PT J AU Abele, A Adomeit, J Amsler, C Baker, CA Barnett, BM Batty, CJ Benayoun, M Bischoff, S Blum, P Braune, K Bugg, DV Case, T Crowe, KM Degener, T Doser, M Dunnweber, W Engelhardt, D Faessler, MA Giarritta, P Haddock, RP Heinsius, FH Heinzelmann, M Herbstrith, A Herz, M Hessey, NP Hidas, P Hodd, C Holtzhaussen, C Jamnik, D Kalinowsky, H Kammel, P Kisiel, J Klempt, E Koch, H Kunze, M Kurilla, U Lakata, M Landua, R Matthay, H McCrady, R Meier, J Meyer, CA Montanet, L Ouared, R Peters, K Pick, B Ratajczak, M Regenfus, C Roethel, W Spanier, S Stock, H Strassburger, C Strohbusch, U Suffert, M Suh, JS Thoma, U Tischhauser, M Uman, I Volcker, C Wallis-Plachner, S Walther, D Wiedner, U Wittmack, K Zou, BS AF Abele, A Adomeit, J Amsler, C Baker, CA Barnett, BM Batty, CJ Benayoun, M Bischoff, S Blum, P Braune, K Bugg, DV Case, T Crowe, KM Degener, T Doser, M Dunnweber, W Engelhardt, D Faessler, MA Giarritta, P Haddock, RP Heinsius, FH Heinzelmann, M Herbstrith, A Herz, M Hessey, NP Hidas, P Hodd, C Holtzhaussen, C Jamnik, D Kalinowsky, H Kammel, P Kisiel, J Klempt, E Koch, H Kunze, M Kurilla, U Lakata, M Landua, R Matthay, H McCrady, R Meier, J Meyer, CA Montanet, L Ouared, R Peters, K Pick, B Ratajczak, M Regenfus, C Roethel, W Spanier, S Stock, H Strassburger, C Strohbusch, U Suffert, M Suh, JS Thoma, U Tischhauser, M Uman, I Volcker, C Wallis-Plachner, S Walther, D Wiedner, U Wittmack, K Zou, BS CA Crystal Barrel collaboration TI Branching ratios for (p)over-barp annihilation at rest into two-body final states SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE antiproton annihilation; two-body meson production; branching ratios; protonium cascade ID PROTONIUM ANNIHILATION; PBARP ANNIHILATION; TARGET DENSITIES; HYDROGEN TARGET; S-STATE; GAS AB Measurements of two-body branching ratios for pp annihilations at rest in liquid and gaseous (12 rho (STP)) hydrogen are reported. Channels studied are (p) over barp --> pi (0)pi (0), pi (0)eta, (KSKL0)-K-0. K+K-. The branching ratio for the pi (0)pi (0) channsl in liquid H-2 is measured to be (6.14+/-0.40) x 10(-4). The results are compared with those from other experiments. The fraction of P-state annihilation for a range of target densities from 0.002 rho (STP) p to liquid H-2 is determined. Values obtained include 0.11 +/- 0.02 in liquid H-2 and 0.48 +/- 0.04 in 12 rho (STP) H-2 gas. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Hungarian Acad Sci, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, London E1 4NS, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany. LPNHE Paris 6, F-75252 Paris, France. LPNHE Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Rech Nucl, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Wiedner, U (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Ratajczak, Mariusz Zdzislaw/N-1599-2014 OI Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 679 IS 3-4 BP 563 EP 576 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00361-4 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391BL UT WOS:000166334200020 ER PT J AU Carena, M Huitu, K Kobayashi, T AF Carena, M Huitu, K Kobayashi, T TI RG-invariant sum rule in a generalization of anomaly-mediated SUSY-breaking models SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID SOFT SCALAR MASSES; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; GAUGE-THEORIES; STRING MODELS; SUPERGRAVITY; SYMMETRY; TERMS; TEVATRON; PHYSICS; BARYON AB We study a generalization of anomaly-mediated supersymmetry-breaking (AMSB) scenarios, under the assumption that the effects of the high-scale theory do not completely decouple and that D-term type contributions can therefore be present. We investigate the effect of such possible D-term additional contributions to soft scalar masses by requiring that, for non-vanishing, renormalizable Yukawa couplings Y-ijk , the sum of squared soft supersymmetry breaking mass parameters, M-ijk(2) = m(i)(2) + m(j)(2) + m(k)(2), is RG-invariant, in the sense that it becomes independent of the specific ultraviolet boundary conditions as it occurs in the AMSB models. This type of models can avoid the problem of tachyonic solutions for the slepton mass spectrum present in AMSB scenarios. We implement the electroweak symmetry breaking condition and explore the sparticle spectrum associated with this framework. To show the possible diversity of the sparticle spectrum, we consider two examples, one in which the D-terms induce a common soft supersymmetry breaking mass term for all sfermion masses, and another one in which a light stop can be present in the spectrum. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM kobayash@gauge.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 44 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 592 IS 1-2 BP 164 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(00)00595-2 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 387JB UT WOS:000166118500008 ER PT J AU Lande, K Wildenhain, P Corey, R Foygel, M Distel, J AF Lande, K Wildenhain, P Corey, R Foygel, M Distel, J TI Measurements of the B-8 and Be-7 nu(e) fluxes from the Sun with a Cerenkov triggered radiochemical neutrino detector SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIXTH International Conference on neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY JUN 16-21, 2000 CL LAURENTIAN UNIV, SUDBURY, CANADA HO LAURENTIAN UNIV AB The rate of flavor transformation of solar nu (e) into other neutrino species can be measured by using the difference in interaction rates in detectors that rely on neutrino-electron scattering and those that utilize the inverse beta decay interactions of nu (e). We plan to measure the latter rates for both B-8 and Be-7 nu (e) from the Sun by use of an electronically triggered radiochemical detector. In this detector, a set of photomultiplier tubes detects the Cerenkov radiation generated by neutrino interaction secondaries and initiates a fast extraction of the secondary atom from the detector and directs this atom to a specific charcoal storage trap. C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lande, K (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(00)00922-1 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 396KZ UT WOS:000166636700008 ER PT J AU Avignone, FT Chatterjee, L Efremenko, Y Gudkov, V Strayer, M AF Avignone, FT Chatterjee, L Efremenko, Y Gudkov, V Strayer, M TI ORLaND: A proposed facility to investigate neutrino properties relevant to astrophysics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIXTH International Conference on neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY JUN 16-21, 2000 CL LAURENTIAN UNIV, SUDBURY, CANADA HO LAURENTIAN UNIV ID SUPERNOVA; DETECTORS AB ORLaND, the Oak Ridge Laboratory for Neutrino Detectors, is a proposed underground facility adjacent to the target station of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). The 1.3 GeV, 2 MV beam of protons striking the Hg target in 60Hz, 600ns pulses mill be the world's most powerful source of intermediate energy nu (mu), nu (e), and <()over bar>(mu). The possible experiments relevant to astrophysics are discussed. This laboratory is planned as a general user facility with space enough for a 2000 ton Cerenkov detector and 5 or 6 smaller detectors of between 50 and 200 tons. A proposed program is discussed that includes the following cross sections measurements as examples: D-2(nu (e), e(-))pp, O-16(nu (e), e(-))F-16, Fe-56(nu (e), e(-)) Co, and many other reactions. A program of research and development of neutral current experiments is also planned. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cumberland Univ, Lebanon, TN 37087 USA. RP Avignone, FT (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(00)00930-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 396KZ UT WOS:000166636700016 ER PT J AU Mills, GB AF Mills, GB TI Neutrino oscillation results from LSND SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIXTH International Conference on neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY JUN 16-21, 2000 CL LAURENTIAN UNIV, SUDBURY, CANADA HO LAURENTIAN UNIV ID FACILITY; DECAY AB The Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector took data during the years 1993 through 1998. The results of a final analysis of the data are reported here. In summary, the analysis resulted in a cleaner sample of decay-at-rest oscillation candidates and provided a strong constraint on beam related backgrounds. The oscillation probability is fitted to the correlated photon parameter in the inclusive electron sample. The fit yields an excess of 83.3+/-21.2 events attributable to neutrino oscillations. This corresponds to an oscillation probability of (0.25 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.04)% for that detector and beam configuration. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Mills, GB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS-H846, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 8 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(00)00941-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 396KZ UT WOS:000166636700027 ER PT J AU Lundberg, B AF Lundberg, B CA DONUT Collaboration TI Status of DONUT SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIXTH International Conference on neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY JUN 16-21, 2000 CL LAURENTIAN UNIV, SUDBURY, CANADA HO LAURENTIAN UNIV AB The DONUT experiment was designed to provide the first clear signal of the charged-current interactions of the tau neutrino. The status of the analysis of 203 neutrino interactions is presented. Five candidate tau events have been identified in this sample. C1 Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lundberg, B (reprint author), Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 BP 233 EP 235 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 396KZ UT WOS:000166636700032 ER PT J AU Mezzacappa, A AF Mezzacappa, A TI Simulations of stellar core collapse, bounce, and postbounce evolution with boltzmann neutrino transport, and implications for the core collapse supernova mechanism SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIXTH International Conference on neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY JUN 16-21, 2000 CL LAURENTIAN UNIV, SUDBURY, CANADA HO LAURENTIAN UNIV ID DENSE MATTER; EXPLOSIONS; CONVECTION; DIFFUSION; EQUATION; SHOCK; STARS AB In this paper, me present results from a simulation of stellar core collapse, bounce, and postbounce evolution with Boltzmann neutrino transport. We motivate the development of our Boltzmann solver in light of the sensitivity of the neutrino-heating core collapse supernova paradigm to details in the neutrino transport, particularly near the neutrinospheres, where the neutrinos are neither diffusing nor free streaming and a kinetic description is necessary, and in light of the mixed outcomes and transport approximations used in all prior supernova models in both one and two dimensions. We discuss the implications of our findings for the supernova mechanism and future supernova research. We also present the results of a Boltzmann transport prediction of the early neutrino light curves in the model included here. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mezzacappa, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 6010,MS 6354,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 BP 338 EP 344 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(00)00960-9 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 396KZ UT WOS:000166636700046 ER PT J AU van Bibber, K Kinion, D AF van Bibber, K Kinion, D TI Review of dark-matter axion experiments SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIXTH International Conference on neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY JUN 16-21, 2000 CL LAURENTIAN UNIV, SUDBURY, CANADA HO LAURENTIAN UNIV ID INVISIBLE AXION; COSMIC AXIONS; HARMLESS AXION; CP INVARIANCE; AMPLIFIER; COSMOLOGY; DETECTOR; SEARCH AB We review the status of two ongoing large-scale searches for axions which may constitute the dark matter of our Milky Way halo. The experiments are based on the microwave cavity technique proposed by Sikivie, and marks a 'second-generation' to the original experiments performed by the Rochester-Brookhaven-Fermilab collaboration, and the University of Florida group. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP van Bibber, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 BP 376 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(00)00965-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 396KZ UT WOS:000166636700051 ER PT J AU Turner, MS AF Turner, MS TI Dark energy SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIXTH International Conference on neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY JUN 16-21, 2000 CL LAURENTIAN UNIV, SUDBURY, CANADA HO LAURENTIAN UNIV ID STRING-DOMINATED UNIVERSE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; QUINTESSENCE; SUPERNOVAE; COMPONENT; FIELD AB The discovery that the Universe is speeding up and not slowing down was greeted with open arms by theorists. First, because the dark energy powering the acceleration provided the energy needed to make the Universe flat, in accord with a key prediction of inflation. Second, because theorists now have a new puzzle to solve, the nature of the mysterious dark energy. I have no doubt that the dark energy problem will be just as fundamental and just as interesting as the dark matter problem. Determining its nature will require the work of both astronomers and particle physics and will shed light on both fundamental physics and the fate of the Universe. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Turner, MS (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 BP 405 EP 409 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(00)00969-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 396KZ UT WOS:000166636700055 ER PT J AU Andres, E Askebjer, P Bai, X Barouch, G Barwick, SW Bay, RC Becker, KH Bergstrom, L Bertrand, D Biron, A Booth, J Botner, O Bouchta, A Boyce, MM Carius, S Chirkin, D Conrad, J Costa, CGS Cowen, DF Dailing, J Dalberg, E DeYoung, T Desiati, P Dewulf, JP Doksus, P Edsjo, J Ekstrom, P Erlandsson, B Feser, T Gaug, M Goldschmidt, A Goobar, B Haase, H Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hanson, K Hardtke, R He, YD Hellwig, M Heukenkamp, H Hill, GC Hulth, PO Hundertmark, S Jacobsen, J Karle, A Kim, J Koci, B Kopke, L Kowalski, M Leich, H Leuthold, M Lindahl, P Liubarsky, I Loaiza, P Lowder, DM Ludvig, J Madsen, J Marciniewski, P Matis, H Mikolajski, T Miller, TC Minaeva, Y Miocinovic, P Mock, P Morse, R Neunhoffer, T Newcomer, FM Niessen, P Nygren, DR de los Heros, CP Porrata, R Price, PB Rawlins, K Reed, C Rhode, W Richards, A Richter, S Martino, JR Romenesko, P Ross, D Rubinstein, H Sander, HG Scheider, T Schmidt, T Schneider, D Schneider, E Schwarz, R Silvestri, A Solarz, M Spiczak, G Spiering, C Starinski, N Steele, D Steffen, P Stokstad, RG Streicher, O Sun, Q Taboada, I Thollander, L Thon, T Tilav, S Vander Donckt, M Walck, C Weinheimer, C Wiebusch, CH Wischnewski, R Woschnagg, K Wu, W Yodh, G Young, S AF Andres, E Askebjer, P Bai, X Barouch, G Barwick, SW Bay, RC Becker, KH Bergstrom, L Bertrand, D Biron, A Booth, J Botner, O Bouchta, A Boyce, MM Carius, S Chirkin, D Conrad, J Costa, CGS Cowen, DF Dailing, J Dalberg, E DeYoung, T Desiati, P Dewulf, JP Doksus, P Edsjo, J Ekstrom, P Erlandsson, B Feser, T Gaug, M Goldschmidt, A Goobar, B Haase, H Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hanson, K Hardtke, R He, YD Hellwig, M Heukenkamp, H Hill, GC Hulth, PO Hundertmark, S Jacobsen, J Karle, A Kim, J Koci, B Kopke, L Kowalski, M Leich, H Leuthold, M Lindahl, P Liubarsky, I Loaiza, P Lowder, DM Ludvig, J Madsen, J Marciniewski, P Matis, H Mikolajski, T Miller, TC Minaeva, Y Miocinovic, P Mock, P Morse, R Neunhoffer, T Newcomer, FM Niessen, P Nygren, DR de los Heros, CP Porrata, R Price, PB Rawlins, K Reed, C Rhode, W Richards, A Richter, S Martino, JR Romenesko, P Ross, D Rubinstein, H Sander, HG Scheider, T Schmidt, T Schneider, D Schneider, E Schwarz, R Silvestri, A Solarz, M Spiczak, G Spiering, C Starinski, N Steele, D Steffen, P Stokstad, RG Streicher, O Sun, Q Taboada, I Thollander, L Thon, T Tilav, S Vander Donckt, M Walck, C Weinheimer, C Wiebusch, CH Wischnewski, R Woschnagg, K Wu, W Yodh, G Young, S TI Results from the AMANDA high energy neutrino detector SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIXTH International Conference on neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY JUN 16-21, 2000 CL LAURENTIAN UNIV, SUDBURY, CANADA HO LAURENTIAN UNIV ID ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES AB This paper briefly summarizes the search for astronomical sources of high-energy neutrinos using the AMANDA-B10 detector. The complete data set from 1997 was analyzed. Far E-mu > 10 TeV, the detector exceeds 10,000 m(2) in effective area between declinations of 25 and 90 degrees. Neutrinos generated in the atmosphere by cosmic ray interactions were used to verify the overall sensitivity of the detector. The absolute pointing accuracy and angular resolution has been confirmed by the analysis of coincident events between the SPASE air shower array and the AMANDA detector. Preliminary flux limits from point source candidates are presented. For declinations larger than +45 degrees, our results compare favorably to existing limits for sources in the Southern sky. We also present the current status of the searches for high energy neutrino emission from diffusely distributed sources, GRBs, and WIMPs from the center of the earth. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Kalmar, Dept Technol, S-39129 Kalmar, Sweden. Univ Stockholm, Dept Phys, S-11385 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Uppsala Univ, Dept Radiat Sci, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. BUGH Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys 8, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Hundertmark, Stephan/A-6592-2010; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Loaiza, Pia/D-5861-2013; GAug, Markus/L-2340-2014 OI Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; GAug, Markus/0000-0001-8442-7877 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(00)00971-3 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 396KZ UT WOS:000166636700057 ER PT B AU Marshall, CL Lewis, MA Leibowitz, L Lewis, D AF Marshall, CL Lewis, MA Leibowitz, L Lewis, D GP AEN NEA AEN NEA TI The pyrolysis of methane over liquid metal to form hydrogen and carbon SO NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Information Exchange Meeting CY OCT 02-03, 2000 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Org Econ Co-Operat & Dev AB A calculational and experimental study was undertaken to determine whether a liquid metal could be used as a heat source for the pyrolysis of methane to form carbon and hydrogen. The thermodynamics and energetics for production of hydrogen by methane pyrolysis, followed by the generation of electricity in a fuel cell, were determined to be favourable. The financial penalty from the sequestration of carbon is only about $100 per tonne of carbon produced. Substitution of this process for combustion of natural gas by a turbine would contribute in a major way to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Tech, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Marshall, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Tech, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18696-4 PY 2001 BP 137 EP 143 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BS34U UT WOS:000169559000013 ER PT B AU Wade, DC Doctor, RD Spencer, BW Peddicord, KL Boardman, C Marucci, G AF Wade, DC Doctor, RD Spencer, BW Peddicord, KL Boardman, C Marucci, G GP AEN NEA AEN NEA TI A proposed modular-sized integrated nuclear and hydrogen-based energy supply/carrier system SO NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Information Exchange Meeting CY OCT 02-03, 2000 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Org Econ Co-Operat & Dev AB A system is proposed for the utilisation of nuclear energy to produce hydrogen, electricity, potable water and other marketable resources in a self-contained, modular plant featuring zero carbon emissions. The reference process for hydrogen production (and oxygen by-product) is the sulphur-iodine thermo-chemical water cracking cycle. This cycle requires process heat at up to 900 degreesC, a temperature that is provided by a fast neutron spectrum, heavy liquid metal cooled converter reactor designed for near autonomous operation during a 15-year refuelling interval. The reactor is radically simplified and of modular construction fur economic competitiveness, and is additionally designed for proliferation resistance and passive safety. It features maximum fission conversion of fuel and actinides for long core operating lifetime, minimum waste and sustainability. The reactor heats a gaseous heat transport medium for operation of the water cracking cycle, "waste" heat is used for desalinisation and process heating. The potable water produced is used for local consumption and to feed the water cracking process. A fraction of the hydrogen and oxygen products in this process are used to power a combustion turbine cycle fur high efficiency base or load-following electricity generation. The main portion of the hydrogen is available to power fuel cells envisioned for use in the transportation sector. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wade, DC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18696-4 PY 2001 BP 171 EP 184 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BS34U UT WOS:000169559000016 ER PT B AU Larson, NM AF Larson, NM BE Paver, N Herman, M Gandini, A TI Introduction to the theory and analysis of resolved (and unresolved) neutron resonances via SAMMY SO NUCLEAR REACTION DATA AND NUCLEAR REACTORS: PHYSICS, DESIGN AND SAFETY, NOS 1 AND 2 SE ICTP LECTURE NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nuclear Reaction Data and Nuclear Reactors CY MAR 13-APR 14, 2000 CL INT CTR THEORET PHYS, TRIESTE, ITALY HO INT CTR THEORET PHYS ID CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; NUCLEAR-REACTION THEORY; DENSITIES; U-235; RANGE AB Neutron cross-section data are important for two purposes: First, they provide insight into the nature of matter, increasing our understanding of fundamental physics. Second, they are needed for practical applications (e.g., for calculating when and how a reactor will become critical, or how much shielding is needed for storage of nuclear materials, or for medical applications). Neutron cross section data in the resolved-resonance region are generally obtained by time-of-flight experiments, which must be carefully analyzed if they are to be properly understood and utilized. In this report, important features of the analysis process are discussed, with emphasis on the particular techniques used in the analysis code SAMMY. Other features of the code are also described; these include such topics as calculation of group cross section (including covariance matrices), generation and fitting of intgegral quantities, and extensions into the unresolved-resonance region and higher-energy regions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Larson, NM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTRE THEORETICAL PHYSICS PI TRIESTE PA POB 586, 34100 TRIESTE, ITALY BN 92-95003-08-X J9 ICTP LECT NOTES PY 2001 VL 5 BP 1 EP 46 PG 46 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BY45V UT WOS:000189312500001 ER PT B AU Leal, LC AF Leal, LC BE Paver, N Herman, M Gandini, A TI Data analysis and evaluation with SAMMY SO NUCLEAR REACTION DATA AND NUCLEAR REACTORS: PHYSICS, DESIGN AND SAFETY, NOS 1 AND 2 SE ICTP LECTURE NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nuclear Reaction Data and Nuclear Reactors CY MAR 13-APR 14, 2000 CL INT CTR THEORET PHYS, TRIESTE, ITALY HO INT CTR THEORET PHYS ID R-MATRIX ANALYSIS; CROSS-SECTION; ENERGY-RANGE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leal, LC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTRE THEORETICAL PHYSICS PI TRIESTE PA POB 586, 34100 TRIESTE, ITALY BN 92-95003-08-X J9 ICTP LECT NOTES PY 2001 VL 5 BP 47 EP + PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BY45V UT WOS:000189312500002 ER PT B AU MacFarlane, RE AF MacFarlane, RE BE Paver, N Herman, M Gandini, A TI An introduction to the ENDF formats SO NUCLEAR REACTION DATA AND NUCLEAR REACTORS: PHYSICS, DESIGN AND SAFETY, NOS 1 AND 2 SE ICTP LECTURE NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nuclear Reaction Data and Nuclear Reactors CY MAR 13-APR 14, 2000 CL INT CTR THEORET PHYS, TRIESTE, ITALY HO INT CTR THEORET PHYS AB The ENDF Evaluated Nuclear Data Formats are used all over the world to encode nuclear data evaluations for use in research and nuclear technology. These lectures provide an introduction to the formats and how they are used in modern compilations of nuclear data. The introduction is also available on line, including more details and exercises, at http://t2.lanl.gov/endf. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP MacFarlane, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTRE THEORETICAL PHYSICS PI TRIESTE PA POB 586, 34100 TRIESTE, ITALY BN 92-95003-08-X J9 ICTP LECT NOTES PY 2001 VL 5 BP 347 EP 366 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BY45V UT WOS:000189312500012 ER PT B AU MacFarlane, RE AF MacFarlane, RE BE Paver, N Herman, M Gandini, A TI Understanding NJOY SO NUCLEAR REACTION DATA AND NUCLEAR REACTORS: PHYSICS, DESIGN AND SAFETY, NOS 1 AND 2 SE ICTP LECTURE NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nuclear Reaction Data and Nuclear Reactors CY MAR 13-APR 14, 2000 CL INT CTR THEORET PHYS, TRIESTE, ITALY HO INT CTR THEORET PHYS AB The NJOY Nuclear Data Processing System is used to convert evaluated nuclear data in ENDF format into forms useful for applications. As a bridge between physics and engineering, it is best used by people with some knowledge of things like nuclear reaction theory, resonance theory, or scattering theory on one side, and some knowledge of things like particle transport codes, reactor core calculations, or radiation medicine on the other. These lectures provide an introduction you to NJOY system (using version 97.107), give a quick outline of the physics of nuclear data, and show how some of the main applications in nuclear technology link to NJOY results. This material is also available on line, including more details and exercises, at http://t2.lanl.gov/joy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP MacFarlane, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTRE THEORETICAL PHYSICS PI TRIESTE PA POB 586, 34100 TRIESTE, ITALY BN 92-95003-08-X J9 ICTP LECT NOTES PY 2001 VL 5 BP 367 EP 408 PG 42 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BY45V UT WOS:000189312500013 ER PT J AU Cooper, MA Larsen, EW AF Cooper, MA Larsen, EW TI Automated weight windows for global Monte Carlo particle transport calculations SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID IMPORTANCE FUNCTION TRANSFORM; VARIANCE REDUCTION; SIMULATIONS AB A new method for efficiently solving global Monte Carlo particle transport problems is presented. (In chess problems, flux information is desired across the entire system, not just at a small number of detector locations.) The method is based on the use of a weight window that distributes Monte Carlo particles uniformly throughout the system. This (a) ensures that all subregions of the system are adequately sampled and (b) controls the particle weights, even in subregions far from sources. The weight window is constructed from an approximate deterministic solution of the forward transport problem. It is argued that a weight window based on the forward transport solution is more appropriate for global problems than the more familiar concept of basing a weight window on an adjoint solution for source-detector problems. Ir is also shown that by using Monte Carlo-generated Eddington factors in deterministic solutions of the quasi-diffusion equation, one can inexpensively compute updated forward-based weight windows and obtain a more efficient global Monte Carlo calculation. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Cooper, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-018, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 137 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 386GZ UT WOS:000166053700001 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, RK Hua, TQ Geyer, HK AF Ahluwalia, RK Hua, TQ Geyer, HK TI Removal of zirconium in electrometallurgical treatment of experimental breeder reactor II spent fuel SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uranium electrorefining; zirconium electrotransport; electrometallurgical technology AB During electrorefining of irradiated, binary U-Zr Experimental Breeder Reactor II fuel, a portion of zirconium is found to dissolve along with uranium. It accumulates in the cadmium pool both as dissolved zirconium and as a zirconium-cadmium intermetallic precipitate. Two electrochemical methods of removing zirconium from the electrorefiner have been evaluated. The first is a three-step method consisting of chemical oxidation of zirconium by CdCl2 addition, depletion of zirconium from the cadmium pool by electrotransport, and drawdown of zirconium from the LiCl-KCl eutectic salt by using a different electrorefiner configuration. A transport model is employed to determine the cell operating conditions for growing pure zirconium deposits and the throughput rate. The second method eliminates the chemical oxidation step and permits codeposition of uranium and zirconium onto the solid cathode. The transport model is used to assess the level of uranium impurity in the cathode product; an additional step is proposed to reoxidize uranium in the deposit. The two methods are compared from the standpoints of throughput, deposit composition, deposit adherence to a solid cathode mandrel, and the underlying uncertainties. A brief review is given of the related past laboratory work on removal of zirconium from the electrorefiner. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahluwalia, RK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 133 IS 1 BP 103 EP 118 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 388FQ UT WOS:000166167100007 ER PT J AU Xenarios, I Fernandez, E Salwinski, L Duan, XJ Thompson, MJ Marcotte, EM Eisenberg, D AF Xenarios, I Fernandez, E Salwinski, L Duan, XJ Thompson, MJ Marcotte, EM Eisenberg, D TI DIP: The Database of Interacting Proteins: 2001 update SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The Database of interacting Proteins (DIP; http:// dip.doe-mbi.ucla.edu) is a database that documents experimentally determined protein-protein interactions. Since January 2000 the number of protein-protein interactions in DIP has nearly tripled to 3472 and the number of proteins to 2659. New interactive tools have been developed to aid in the visualization, navigation and study of networks of protein interactions. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Prot Pathways, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Inst Mol Biol, POB 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Xenarios, Ioannis/0000-0002-3413-6841 NR 7 TC 122 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 239 EP 241 DI 10.1093/nar/29.1.239 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 391MT UT WOS:000166360300066 PM 11125102 ER PT S AU Dobrev, V Vassilevski, P AF Dobrev, V Vassilevski, P BE Vulkov, L Wasniewski, J Yalamov, P TI Local refinement in non-overlapping domain decomposition SO NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Numerical Analysis and its Applications CY JUN 11-15, 2000 CL UNIV ROUSSE, RUSE, BULGARIA SP SIAM, ILAS, Fujitsu Amer Inc, Hewlett Packard GmbH, Sun Microsyst HO UNIV ROUSSE AB Finite element spaces are constructed that allow for different levels of refinement in different subdomains. In each subdomain the mesh is obtained by several steps of uniform refinement from an initial global coarse mesh. The approximation properties of the resulting discrete space are studied. Computationally feasible, bounded extension operators, from the interface into the subdomains, are constructed and used in the numerical experiments. These operators provide stable splitting of the composite (global) finite element space into local subdomain spaces (vanishing at the interior interfaces) and the "extended" interface finite element space. They also provide natural domain decomposition type preconditioners involving appropriate subdomain and interface preconditioners. Numerical experiments for 3-d elasticity illustrating the properties of the proposed discretization spaces and the algorithm for the solution of the respective linear system are also presented. C1 Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Parallel Proc, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dobrev, V (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Parallel Proc, Acad G Bonchev St,Bl 25 A, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41814-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 1988 BP 253 EP 264 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BT84E UT WOS:000174201600031 ER PT J AU Lazarov, RD Pasciak, JE Vassilevski, PS AF Lazarov, RD Pasciak, JE Vassilevski, PS TI Iterative solution of a coupled mixed and standard Galerkin discretization method for elliptic problems SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE combined mixed and standard Galerkin discretization methods; non-matching grids; preconditioning ID MORTAR ELEMENT METHODS; FINITE-ELEMENT; SUBSTRUCTURING PRECONDITIONERS; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we consider approximation of a second-order elliptic problem defined on a domain in two-dimensional Euclidean space. Partitioning the domain into two subdomains, we consider a technique proposed by Wieners and Wohlmuth [9] for coupling mixed finite element approximation on one subdomain with a standard finite element approximation on the other. In this paper, we study the iterative solution of the resulting linear system of equations. This system is symmetric and indefinite (of saddle-point type). The stability estimates for the discretization imply that the algebraic system can be preconditioned by a block diagonal operator involving a preconditioner for H(div) (on the mixed side) and one for the discrete Laplacian (on the finite element side). Alternatively, we provide iterative techniques based on domain decomposition. Utilizing subdomain solvers, the composite problem is reduced to a problem defined only on the interface between the two subdomains. We prove that the interface problem is symmetric, positive definite and well conditioned and hence can be effectively solved by a conjugate gradient iteration. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lazarov, RD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Lazarov, Raytcho/B-8395-2015 OI Lazarov, Raytcho/0000-0002-4911-3685 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 13 EP 31 DI 10.1002/1099-1506(200101/02)8:1<13::AID-NLA225>3.0.CO;2-G PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 395VA UT WOS:000166600900003 ER PT J AU Novo, J Titi, ES Wynne, S AF Novo, J Titi, ES Wynne, S TI Efficient methods using high accuracy approximate inertial manifolds SO NUMERISCHE MATHEMATIK LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR GALERKIN METHODS; KURAMOTO-SIVASHINSKY EQUATION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; TIME INTEGRATION; FAMILIES AB We extend the idea of the post-processing Galerkin method, in the context of dissipative evolution equations, to the nonlinear Galerkin, the filtered Galerkin, and the filtered nonlinear Galerkin methods. In general, the post-processing algorithm takes advantage of the fact that the error committed in the lower modes of the nonlinear Galerkin method land Galerkin method), for approximating smooth, bounded solutions, is much smaller than the total error of the method. In each case, an improvement in accuracy is obtained by post-processing these more accurate lower modes with an appropriately chosen, highly accurate, approximate inertial manifold (AIM). We present numerical experiments that support the theoretical improvements in accuracy. Both the theory and computations are presented in the framework of a two dimensional reaction-diffusion system with polynomial nonlinearity. However, the algorithm is very general and can be implemented for other dissipative evolution systems. The computations clearly show the post-processed filtered Galerkin method to be the most efficient method. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Math, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Valladolid, Dept Matemat Aplicada & Computac, Valladolid, Spain. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Titi, ES (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Math, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-599X J9 NUMER MATH JI Numer. Math. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 87 IS 3 BP 523 EP 554 DI 10.1007/PL00005423 PG 32 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 398JP UT WOS:000166753600006 ER PT J AU Riley, WJ Ortiz-Monasterio, I Matson, PA AF Riley, WJ Ortiz-Monasterio, I Matson, PA TI Nitrogen leaching and soil nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium levels under irrigated wheat in Northern Mexico SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE developing world agriculture; nitrogen fertilization; NLOSS model; soil nitrogen profile ID MANAGEMENT; CONSEQUENCES; BALANCE; SYSTEM; RIVER; CROP AB Nitrate (NO3-1) leaching from agricultural soils can represent a substantial loss of fertilizer nitrogen (N), but a large variation in losses has been reported. We report N leaching losses under four N fertilizer treatments and two farmer's fields in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. In these irrigated wheat systems, farmers typically apply 250 kg N ha(-1) as anhydrous ammonia (knifed in) or urea (broadcast), with 75% applied directly before planting and 25% at the time of the first post-planting irrigation. Over two wheat seasons, we compared typical farmer's practices to alternatives that applied less N and more closely timed fertilizer application to plant demand. Field lysimeter measurements and predictions from a water transport simulation model (called NLOSS) were used to estimate the amount of N leached over the season. Approximately 5 and 2% of the applied N leached below the root zone with the typical farmer's practice in 1995-96 and 1997-98, respectively. The alternative treatments reduced N leaching losses by 60 to 95% while producing comparable economic returns to the farmer. Leaching losses from the two farmer's fields were substantially higher (about 14 and 26% of the applied N). Our results indicate that the typical farmer's practice leads to relatively high N leaching losses, and that alternative practices synchronizing fertilizer application with crop demand can substantially reduce these losses. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Riley, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Riley, William/D-3345-2015 OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PY 2001 VL 61 IS 3 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1023/A:1013758116346 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 512GG UT WOS:000173315100002 ER PT S AU Krauss, RM AF Krauss, RM BE Simopoulos, AP Pavlou, KN TI Dietary and genetic effects on LDL heterogeneity SO NUTRITION AND FITNESS: DIET, GENES, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH SE WORLD REVIEW OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Nutrition and Fitness CY MAY 25-29, 2000 CL INT OLYMP ACAD, ATHENS, GREECE SP FAO, Minist Culture, Hellen Minist Hlth, Hellen Minist Educ, Ctr Genet, Nutr & Hlth, Stavros S Niarchos Fdn HO INT OLYMP ACAD ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATION; COMPLEX SEGREGATION ANALYSIS; REDUCED-FAT DIET; SUBCLASS PATTERNS; PARTICLE-SIZE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krauss, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Donner Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Room 465, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 18574] NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0084-2230 BN 3-8055-7210-7 J9 WORLD REV NUTR DIET JI World Rev.Nutr.Diet. PY 2001 VL 89 BP 12 EP 22 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA BS86M UT WOS:000171273700004 PM 11530731 ER PT S AU Blasi, P AF Blasi, P BE Salazar, H Villasenor, L Zepeda, A TI Dark matter distribution in the universe and ultra-high energy cosmic rays SO OBSERVING ULTRAHIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS FROM SPACE AND EARTH SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Observing Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays from Space and Earth CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL METEPEC, MEXICO ID ZATSEPIN-KUZMIN CUTOFF; NEARBY GALAXIES; SPECTRUM; ANISOTROPY; FIELD; HALO; PARTICLES; REDSHIFT; DENSITY; DECAYS AB Two of the greatest mysteries of modern physics are the origin of the dark matter in the universe and the nature of the highest energy particles in the cosmic ray spectrum. We discuss here possible direct and indirect connections between these two problems, with particular attention to two cases: in the first we study the local clustering of possible sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) driven by the local dark matter overdensity. In the second case we study the possibility that UHECRs are directly generated by the decay of weakly unstable super heavy dark matter. C1 NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Blasi, P (reprint author), NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Blasi, Pasquale/O-9345-2015 OI Blasi, Pasquale/0000-0003-2480-599X NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0002-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 566 BP 195 EP 210 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS29C UT WOS:000169368100015 ER PT B AU Candy, JV AF Candy, JV GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Model-based detection in a shallow water ocean environment SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc ID LOCALIZATION AB A model-based detector is developed to process shallow water ocean acoustic data. The function of the detector is to adaptively monitor the environment and decide whether or not a change from normal has occurred. Here we develop a processor incorporating both a normal-mode ocean acoustic model and a vertical hydrophone array. The detector is applied to data acquired from the Hudson Canyon experiments at various ranges and its performance is evaluated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Candy, JV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-156, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 769 EP 775 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800122 ER PT J AU Norby, RJ Cotrufo, MF Ineson, P O'Neill, EG Canadell, JG AF Norby, RJ Cotrufo, MF Ineson, P O'Neill, EG Canadell, JG TI Elevated CO2, litter chemistry, and decomposition: a synthesis SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE decomposition; elevated atmospheric CO2; lignin; litter quality; Meta-analysis; nitrogen ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; LONG-TERM DECOMPOSITION; IN-SITU DECOMPOSITION; MEDITERRANEAN FOREST ECOSYSTEM; SCOTS PINE FOREST; MASS-LOSS RATES; LEAF-LITTER; NUTRIENT RESORPTION; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The results of published and unpublished experiments investigating the impacts of elevated [CO2] on the chemistry of leaf litter and decomposition of plant tissues are summarized. The data do not support the hypothesis that changes in leaf Litter chemistry often associated with growing plants under elevated [CO2] have an impact on decomposition processes. A meta-analysis of data from naturally senesced leaves in field experiments showed that the nitrogen (N) concentration in leaf litter was 7.1% lower in elevated [CO2] compared to that in ambient [CO2]. This statistically significant difference was: (1) usually not significant in individual experiments, (2) much less than that often observed in green leaves, and (3) less in leaves with an N concentration indicative of complete N resorption. Under ideal conditions, the efficiency with which N is resorbed during leaf senescence was found not to be altered by CO2 enrichment, but other environmental influences on resorption inevitably increase the variability in litter N concentration. Nevertheless, the small but consistent decline in leaf litter N concentration in many experiments, coupled with a 6.5% increase in lignin concentration, would be predicted to result in a slower decomposition rate in CO2-enriched lifter. However, across the assembled data base, neither mass loss nor respiration rates from litter produced in elevated [CO2] showed any consistent pattern or differences from litter grown in ambient [CO2]. The effects of [CO2] on litter chemistry or decomposition were usually smallest under experimental conditions similar to natural field conditions, including open-field exposure, plants free-rooted in the ground, and complete senescence. It is concluded that any changes in decomposition rates resulting from exposure of plants to elevated [CO2] are small when compared to other potential impacts of elevated [CO2] on carbon and N cycling. Reasons for experimental differences are considered, and recommendations for the design and execution of decomposition experiments using materials from CO2-enrichment experiments are outlined. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Naples 2, Fac Sci Ambientali, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. CSIRO Wildlife & Ecol, GCTE Int Project Off, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Norby, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bldg 1059,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Cotrufo, M. Francesca/C-1614-2013 OI Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Cotrufo, M. Francesca/0000-0002-6191-8953 NR 92 TC 274 Z9 302 U1 10 U2 135 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PY 2001 VL 127 IS 2 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s004420000615 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427GC UT WOS:000168395600001 PM 24577644 ER PT J AU Salmeron, M AF Salmeron, M TI Scanning polarization force microscopy - A technique for studies of wetting phenomena at the nanometer scale SO OIL & GAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-REVUE D IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Wetting - From Microscopic Origins to Industrial Applications CY MAY 06-12, 2000 CL PRESQUILE DE GIENS, FRANCE SP IFP, CNRS, Sopra, Mat Nova, Conseil Gen Var, Minist Francais Affaires Etrangeres, Hyeres DE wetting; disjoining pressure; atomic force microscopy; dielectric properties ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL MOLECULES; NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY; CAPILLARY PHENOMENA; PREWETTING FILMS; SURFACE FORCES; THIN-FILMS; RESOLUTION; WATER; MICA; ADSORPTION AB We describe a technique developed recently based on the use of electrostatic forces in the atomic force microscope (AFM) to image liquid films and droplets. The technique, named scanning polarization force microscopy (SPFM), is a truly non-contact technique where the tip scans the surface at a height of a few hundred angstroms, which is sufficient to minimize perturbation of the liquid film. The resolution of the technique is a few hundred angstroms horizontally and one angstrom vertically. The information provided by SPFM includes topography, contact potential, and dielectric (frequency dependent) mapping. After a brief introduction to basic wetting concepts. we describe the technique and illustrate with several examples its potential applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM salmeron@stm.lbl.gov NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU EDITIONS TECHNIP PI PARIS 15 PA 27 RUE GINOUX, 75737 PARIS 15, FRANCE SN 1294-4475 J9 OIL GAS SCI TECHNOL JI Oil Gas Sci. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.2516/ogst:2001008 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 477VT UT WOS:000171305500008 ER PT J AU Saiz, E Cannon, RM Tomsia, AP AF Saiz, E Cannon, RM Tomsia, AP TI Reactive spreading in ceramic/metal systems SO OIL & GAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-REVUE D IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Wetting - From Microscopic Origins to Industrial Applications CY MAY 06-12, 2000 CL PRESQUILE DE GIENS, FRANCE SP IFP, CNRS, Sopra, Mat Nova, Conseil Gen Var, Minist Francais Affaires Etrangeres, Hyeres DE reactive spreading; high-temperature wetting; metal/ceramic systems ID INTERFACIAL ENERGY; SURFACE TENSION; ALLOYS; KINETICS; CU; ALUMINA; SOLIDS; METALS; AL2O3; TI AB Reactive spreading, in which a chemically active element is added to promote wetting of noble metals on nonmetallic materials, is evaluated mechanistically. Theories for the energetics and kinetics of the steps involved in spreading are outlined to permit comparison to the steps in the compound formation that typically accompanies reactive wetting, These include: fluid flow, active metal adsorption, including nonequilibrium effects, and triple line ridging. They can all be faster than compound nucleation under certain conditions. This analysis phis assessment of recently reported experiments in metal/ceramic systems lead to a focus on those conditions tinder which spreading proceeds ahead of the actual formation of a new phase. This scenario may, he more typical than commonly believed, and perhaps is the most effective situation leading to enhanced spreading. A rationale for the slow spreading rates phis the pervasive variability and hysteresis observed during high-temperature wetting also emerges. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saiz, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM esaiz@lbl.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU EDITIONS TECHNIP PI PARIS 15 PA 27 RUE GINOUX, 75737 PARIS 15, FRANCE SN 1294-4475 J9 OIL GAS SCI TECHNOL JI Oil Gas Sci. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.2516/ogst:2001011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 477VT UT WOS:000171305500011 ER PT S AU Sheth, RK AF Sheth, RK BE Fry, JN Buchler, JR Kandrup, H TI A random walk through models of nonlinear clustering SO ONSET OF NONLINEARITY IN COSMOLOGY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Florida Workshop in Nonlinear Astronomy and Physics: Onset of Nonlinearity in Cosmology CY FEB 17-19, 2000 CL GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA SP Dept Phys & Astronom, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Off Res & Grad DE clusters; cosmology; dark matter; theory ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; COSMOLOGICAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; STATISTICS; PEAKS AB A few simple models of the mass function of collapsed objects are presented. The emphasis is on apparently unrelated models which end up giving the same answer for the number density and merger histories of virialized clumps. Models of the spatial distribution of the clumps and how they can be used to model the spatial distribution of the mass are briefly discussed. C1 NASA, Fermilab, Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Sheth, RK (reprint author), NASA, Fermilab, Astrophys Grp, MS209,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-324-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 927 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BT10S UT WOS:000171969300001 PM 11411147 ER PT S AU Hoeflinger, J Kuhn, B Nagel, W Petersen, P Rajic, H Shah, S Vetter, J Voss, M Woo, R AF Hoeflinger, J Kuhn, B Nagel, W Petersen, P Rajic, H Shah, S Vetter, J Voss, M Woo, R BE Eigenmann, R TI An integrated performance visualizer for MPI/OpenMP programs SO OPENMP SHARED MEMORY PARALLEL PROGRAMMING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Internation Workshop on OpenMp Applications and Tools (WOMPAT 2001) CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL W LAFAYETTE, INDIANA SP OpenMP Architecture Review Board AB As cluster computing has grown, so has its use for large scientific calculations. Recently, many researchers have experimented with using MPI between nodes of a clustered machine and OpenMP within a node, to manage the use of parallel processing. Unfortunately, very few tools are available for doing an integrated analysis of an MPI/OpenMP program. KAI Software, Pallas GmbH and the US Department of Energy have partnered together to build such a tool, VGV. VGV is designed for doing scalable performance analysis - that is, to make the performance analysis process qualitatively the same for small cluster machines as it is for the largest ASCI systems. This paper describes VGV and gives a flavor of how to find performance problems using it. C1 Intel Amer Inc, KAI Software, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Dresden Univ Technol, Ctr High Performance Comp, Dresden, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hoeflinger, J (reprint author), Intel Amer Inc, KAI Software, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42346-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2104 BP 40 EP 52 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT97N UT WOS:000174608200005 ER PT S AU Caubet, J Gimenez, J Labarta, J DeRose, L Vetter, J AF Caubet, J Gimenez, J Labarta, J DeRose, L Vetter, J BE Eigenmann, R TI A dynamic tracing mechanism for performance analysis of OpenMP applications SO OPENMP SHARED MEMORY PARALLEL PROGRAMMING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Internation Workshop on OpenMp Applications and Tools (WOMPAT 2001) CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL W LAFAYETTE, INDIANA SP OpenMP Architecture Review Board AB In this paper we present OMPtrace, a dynamic tracing mechanism that combines traditional tracing with dynamic instrumentation and access to hardware performance counters to create a powerful tool for performance analysis and optimization of OpenMP applications. Performance data collected with OMPtrace is used as input to the Paraver visualization tool for detailed analysis of the parallel behavior of the application. We demonstrate the usefulness of OMPtrace and the power of Paraver for tuning OpenMP applications with a case study running the US DOE ASCI Sweep3D benchmark on the IBM SP system at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. C1 Tech Univ Catalonia, Dept Comp Architecture, European Ctr Parallelism Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Adv Comp Technol Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. RP Caubet, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Catalonia, Dept Comp Architecture, European Ctr Parallelism Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. RI Labarta, Jesus/G-5256-2015 OI Labarta, Jesus/0000-0002-7489-4727 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42346-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2104 BP 53 EP 67 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT97N UT WOS:000174608200006 ER PT J AU Gabriel, SA Kydes, AS Whitman, P AF Gabriel, SA Kydes, AS Whitman, P TI The National Energy Modeling System: A large-scale energy-economic equilibrium model SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR COMPLEMENTARITY-PROBLEMS; ALGORITHM AB The National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) is a large-scale mathematical model that computes equilibrium fuel prices and quantities in the U.S. energy sector and is currently in use at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). At present, to generate these equilibrium values, NEMS iteratively solves a sequence of linear programs and nonlinear equations. This is a nonlinear Gauss-Seidel approach to arrive at estimates of market equilibrium fuel prices and quantities. In this paper, we present existence and uniqueness results for NEMS-type models based on a nonlinear complementarity/variational inequality problem format. Also, we document mathematically, for the first time, how the inputs and the outputs for each NEMS module link together. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Project Mangement Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Dept Energy, Energy Informat Adm, Washington, DC USA. Pace Global Energy Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Gabriel, SA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Project Mangement Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 49 IS 1 BP 14 EP 25 DI 10.1287/opre.49.1.14.11195 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 405UU UT WOS:000167179600002 ER PT S AU Steinkamp, JA Parson, JD AF Steinkamp, JA Parson, JD BE Farkas, DL Leif, RC TI Flow cytometric, time-resolved measurements by frequency heterodyning of fluorescence emission signals SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSITICS OF LIVING CELLS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics of Living Cells IV CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID FLUOROCHROME-LABELED CELLS; PHASE-SENSITIVE DETECTION; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; DEUTERIUM-OXIDE; DNA; RESOLUTION; PARTICLES AB A first generation phase-sensitive flow cytometer has been developed that combines flow cytometry (FCM) and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy measurement principles to provide unique capabilities for making time-resolved fluorescence measurements in the frequency-domain on particles/cells labeled with fluorescent probes Cells are analyzed as they flow through a chamber and intersect a high-frequency, intensity-modulated (sine-wave) laser excitation beam. Fluorescence emission signals are currently processed by analog homodyne methods to quantify lifetimes and resolve heterogeneous fluorescence based on differences in lifetimes expressed as phase shifts, while maintaining the capability to make conventional FCM measurements. In this study we report the current status of our phase flow cytometer using homodyne signal processing, including recent applications, along with the description of a flow cytometric method for quantifying fluorescence lifetimes by frequency heterodyning techniques. Lifetimes are determined from homodyned and heterodyned (1 MHz difference frequency) signals using analog signal processing electronics. These signals are then digitized and displayed as frequency distribution histograms in real time. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3938-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4260 BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1117/12.426769 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS45W UT WOS:000169896100021 ER PT S AU Cui, HH Valdez, JG Steinkamp, JA Crissman, HA AF Cui, HH Valdez, JG Steinkamp, JA Crissman, HA BE Farkas, DL Leif, RC TI Fluorescence lifetime discrimination of cellular DNA and RNA with various intercalating dyes and flow cytometric analysis SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSITICS OF LIVING CELLS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics of Living Cells IV CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE flow cytometry; ethidium derivatives; fluorescence lifetime; phase-sensitive lifetime detection ID FLUOROCHROMES; BINDING; SIGNALS AB Previously we showed that the fluorescence lifetimes of ethidium bromide and propidium iodide were different when intercalated into cellular double-stranded DNA or RNA(1). Current studies of four ethidium derivatives showed that the lifetime difference of DNA- and RNA-bound dyes existed in all four compounds, and that the magnitude of the difference was dependent on the dye structure, the staining concentration, and the conditions in which flow cytometry (FCM) analysis of stained cells was performed. The fluorescence lifetime of both DNA- and RNA-bound fluorochromes was reduced with increasing dye concentration; however the level of decrease varied in different dyes. Further analysis of stained cellular DNA in dye-free solution, which favors only high affinity binding, led to elevated fluorescence lifetime values compared to lifetime values obtained from analysis in the dye solution under equilibrium binding conditions. The changes of fluorescence lifetime value reflect the difference in dye structure and distinct interaction between the dyes and nucleic acids. The staining and analysis variables used in these studies may potentially provide additional information on differences in nucleic acid conformation and function in cell populations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3938-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4260 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.426768 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS45W UT WOS:000169896100022 ER PT S AU Allison, SW Beshears, DL Cates, MR Paranthaman, M Gillies, GT AF Allison, SW Beshears, DL Cates, MR Paranthaman, M Gillies, GT BE Mercer, CR Cha, SS Shen, G TI LED-induced fluorescence diagnostics for turbine and combustion engine thermometry SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS FOR FLUIDS SOLIDS AND COMBUSTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics for Fluids, Solids, and Combustion CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE thermographic phosphor; temperature; light emitting diode; LED; fluorescence AB Fluorescence from phosphor coatings is the basis of an established technique for measuring temperature in a wide variety of turbine and combustion engine applications. Example surfaces include blades, vanes, combustors, intake valves, pistons. and rotors. Many situations that are remote and noncontact require the high intensity of a laser to illuminate the phosphor, especially if the surface is moving. Thermometric resolutions of 0.1 C are obtainable. and some laboratory versions of these systems have been calibrated against NIST standards to even higher precision. To improve the measurement signal-to-noise ratio, synchronous detection timing has been used to repeatedly interrogate the same blade in a high speed rotating turbine. High spatial resolution can be obtained by tightly focusing the interrogation beam in measurements of static surfaces, and by precise differential timing of the laser pulses on rotating surfaces. We report here the use of blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) as an illumination source for producing useable fluorescence from phosphors for temperature measurements. An LED can excite most of the same phosphors used to cover the temperature range from 8 to 1400 C. The advantages of using LEDs are obvious in terms of size, power requirements. space requirements and cost. There can also be advantages associated,with very long operating lifetimes, wide range of available colors. and their broader emission bandwidths as compared to laser diodes. Temperature may be inferred either from phase or time-decay determinations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Allison, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Allison, Stephen/0000-0002-5887-5403 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4162-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4448 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1117/12.449386 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT74R UT WOS:000173939100004 ER PT S AU Hall, CR AF Hall, CR BE Mercer, CR Cha, SS Shen, G TI Direct observation detonator operation SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS FOR FLUIDS SOLIDS AND COMBUSTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics for Fluids, Solids, and Combustion CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE streak cameras; detonators; rotating mirror camera AB The analysis of detonator-timing performance has involved the use of rotating-mirror cameras (RMC) used in the streak mode and high-speed film. Fiducial timing marks are applied to the film to provide temporal references. The use of a RMC for detonator analysis requires aligning the camera, performing an exposure test, capturing light from the detonation and then processing the film. This procedure can take up to an hour for two technicians. After the film is possessed another technician compares each light streak on the film with the fiducial timing marks also recorded on the film. Capturing light from a detonator and recording it directly to a digitizer can improve detonator-timing measurement in several ways. The digitized signals can then be directly analyzed with software. The direct recording method reduces the need for expensive rotating mirror cameras, film processing and subjective optical measurement comparison. Furthermore, an extensive support facility requiring several specialized technicians is reduced to a single technician in a modest laboratory. This technician is then capable of performing several tests an hour. Tests were preformed to measure light intensity at detonation. An optical method of capturing the light was designed using a remote microscope coupled to optical fiber to bring the light to an optical/electrical converter and a digitizer then records the signal. This system is presently used in parallel with a RMC. The results are compared for accuracy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hall, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4162-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4448 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.449399 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT74R UT WOS:000173939100006 ER PT S AU Deason, VA Telschow, KL Watson, S AF Deason, VA Telschow, KL Watson, S BE Mercer, CR Cha, SS Shen, G TI Ultrasonic imaging of subsurface objects using photorefractive dynamic holography SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS FOR FLUIDS SOLIDS AND COMBUSTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics for Fluids, Solids, and Combustion CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE interferometry; laser ultrasound; dynamic holography; ultrasonic imaging; photorefractivity AB The INEEL has developed a photorefractive ultrasonic imaging technology that records both phase and amplitude of ultrasonic waves on the surface of solids. Phase locked dynamic holography provides full field images of these waves scattered from subsurface defects in solids, and these data are compared with theoretical predictions. Laser light reflected by a vibrating surface is imaged into a photorefractive material where it is mixed in a heterodyne technique with a reference wave. This demodulates the data and provides an image of the ultrasonic waves in either 2 wave or 4 wave mixing mode. These data images are recorded at video frame rates and show phase locked traveling or resonant acoustic waves. This technique can be used over a broad range of ultrasonic frequencies. Acoustic frequencies from 2 kHz to 10 MHz have been imaged, and a point measuring (non-imaging) version of the system has measured picometer amplitudes at 1 GHz. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Deason, VA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4162-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4448 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1117/12.449372 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT74R UT WOS:000173939100017 ER PT S AU Rushford, MC Britten, JA Hoaglan, CR Thomas, IM Summers, LJ Dixit, SN AF Rushford, MC Britten, JA Hoaglan, CR Thomas, IM Summers, LJ Dixit, SN BE Stahl, HP TI Wet-etch figuring: Optical surfacing by controlled application of etchant solution using the Marangoni effect SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Optical Manufacturing and Testing IV Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE small tool figuring; surfacing; polishing; Marangoni; wet etching; aspheric; phase correction; phase mask; interferometry; surface tension ID DRYING PROCESS; MRF AB Wet-etch figuring (WEF), a computer-controlled method for generating arbitrarily shaped optical surfaces using wet chemical etching, has been developed. This method uses applicator geometry and surface tension gradients (the Marangoni Effect) to define and confine the footprint of a wetted etchant zone on the surface. Capillary forces attach the flowing etchant solution to the underside of the optic being figured. No mechanical or thermal stresses or residues are applied to the optic by this process. This enables interferometric measurement of the glass thickness while surfacing, which then controls the placement and dwell time of the wetted zone. The result is a truly deterministic, closed-loop, figuring process with a high degree of optical precision. This process can figure sub-millimeter thickness, large-aperture plates or sheets that are very difficult to finish by conventional methods. Automated linear and circular spot etching tools were used to demonstrate surfacing on 380 micron-thick glass sheets, to Strehl better than 0.8, as specified by data array or Zernike polynomials. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rushford, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4165-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4451 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1117/12.453623 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT91N UT WOS:000174430600029 ER PT S AU Chow, R McBurney, M Eickelberg, WK Williams, WH Thomas, MD AF Chow, R McBurney, M Eickelberg, WK Williams, WH Thomas, MD BE Stahl, HP TI Correlation of test data from some NIF small optical components SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Optical Manufacturing and Testing IV Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE interferometry; wavefront gradient; laser damage ID LASER AB The NIF injection laser system requires over 8000 precision optical components. Two special requirements for such optics are wavefront and laser damage threshold. Wavefront gradient is an important specification on the NIF ILS optics. The gradient affects the spot size and, in the second order, the contrast ratio of the laser beam. Wavefront errors are specified in terms of peak-to-valley, rms, and rms gradient, with filtering requirements. Typical values are lambda/8 PV, lambda/30 rms, and lambda/30/cm rms gradient determined after filtering for spatial periods greater than 2mm. One objective of this study is to determine whether commercial software supplied with common phase measuring interferometers can filter, perform the gradient analysis, and produce numbers comparable to that by CVOS, the LLNL wavefront analysis application. Laser survivability of optics is another important specification for the operational longevity of the laser system. Another objective of this study is to find alternate laser damage test facilities. The addition of non-NIF testing would allow coating suppliers to optimize their processes according to their test plans and NIF integrators to validate the coatings from their sub-tiered suppliers. The maximum level required for anti-reflective, 45-degree high reflector, and polarizer coatings are 20, 30, and 5 J/cm(2) (1064nm, 3ns pulse-width), respectively. The damage threshold correlation between a common set of samples tested by LLNL and a commercial test service is given. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chow, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4165-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4451 BP 384 EP 393 DI 10.1117/12.453637 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT91N UT WOS:000174430600044 ER PT S AU Vogt, MC AF Vogt, MC BE Farquharson, S TI A systematic profile/feature-based intelligence for spectral sensors SO OPTICAL METHODS FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Methods for Industrial Processes CY NOV 06-07, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE neural network; sensors; algorithms; chemical; spectrum-response AB Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has been creating a special-purpose software-engineering tool to support research and development of spectrum-output-type [chemical] sensors. The modular software system is called SAGE, the Sensor Algorithm Generation Environment and includes general-purpose signal conditioning algorithms (GP/SAGE) as well as intelligent classifiers, pattern recognizers, response accelerators, and sensitivity analyzers. GP/SAGE is an implementation of an approach for delivering a level of encapsulated intelligence to a wide range of sensors and instruments. It capitalizes on the generic classification and analysis needed to process most profile-type data. The GP/SAGE native data format is a generalized one-dimensional vector, signature, or spectrum. GP/SAGE modules form a computer-aided software engineering (CASE) "workbench" where users can experiment with various conditioning, filtering, and pattern recognition stages, then automatically generate final algorithm source code for data acquisition and analysis systems. SAGE was designed to free the [chemical] sensor developer from the signal processing allowing them to focus on understanding and improving the basic sensing mechanisms. The SAGE system's strength is its creative application of advanced neural computing techniques to response-vector and response-surface data, affording new insight and perspectives with regard to phenomena being studied for sensor development. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vogt, MC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3866-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4201 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.417394 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BS11Y UT WOS:000168725400005 ER PT S AU Mourant, JR Johnson, TM Freyer, JP AF Mourant, JR Johnson, TM Freyer, JP BE Chance, B Alfano, RR Tromberg, BJ Tamura, M SevickMuraca, EM TI Quantification of tissue properties in small volumes SO OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY AND SPECTROSCOPY OF TISSUE IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue IV CY JAN 21-23, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CELLS; MECHANISMS; SPHEROIDS; MEDIA; MODEL AB The quantification of tissue properties by optical measurements will facilitate the development of noninvasive methods of cancer diagnosis and detection. Optical measurements are sensitive to tissue structure which is known to change during tumorigenesis. The goals of the work presented in this paper were to verify that the primary scatterers of light in cells are structures much smaller than the nucleus and then to develop an optical technique that can quantify parameters of structures the same size as the scattering features in cells. Polarized, elastic back-scattering was found to be able to quantify changes in scattering properties for turbid media consisting of scatterers of the size found in tissue. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jmourant@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3928-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4250 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.1117/12.434497 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BS86R UT WOS:000171276400032 ER PT S AU Smith, RF Key, MH AF Smith, RF Key, MH BE Tatchyn, RO Freund, AK Matsushita, T TI Properties and applications of laser generated x-ray sources SO OPTICS FOR FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray; laser; brightness ID ORDER HARMONIC-GENERATION; PULSE INTERACTIONS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; HOT-ELECTRONS; WATER WINDOW; COHERENT; ULTRAVIOLET; PLASMA; NM; RADIATION AB The rapid development of laser technology and related progress in research using lasers is shifting the boundaries where laser based sources are preferred over other light sources particularly in the XUV and x-ray spectral region. Laser based sources have exceptional capability for short pulse and high brightness and with improvements in high repetition rate pulsed operation, such sources are also becoming more interesting for their average power capability. This study presents an evaluation of the current capabilities and near term future potential of laser based light sources and summarises, for the purpose of comparison, the characteristics and near term prospects of sources based on synchrotron radiation and free electron lasers. Conclusions are drawn on areas where the development of laser based sources is most promising and competitive in terms of applications potential. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Smith, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-251, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4214-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4500 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.452961 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT90V UT WOS:000174396700003 ER PT S AU Krejcik, P Arthur, J Carr, R Cornacchia, M Emma, P Iverson, R Safranek, J Tatchyn, R AF Krejcik, P Arthur, J Carr, R Cornacchia, M Emma, P Iverson, R Safranek, J Tatchyn, R BE Tatchyn, RO Freund, AK Matsushita, T TI High-brightness femtosecond X-ray source using an undulator in the SLAC linac SO OPTICS FOR FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB A Sub-Picosecond Photon Source (SPPS) is described based on proposal to generate 30 GeV bunches as short as 30 fs rms with the SLAC linac. The bunch is compressed in three stages, starting with the existing ring-to-linac compressor. A second stage of compression will be added in the form of a simple magnetic chicane installed at the 9-GeV location in the linac. The short bunch then generates a strong wakefield in the linac which follows the chicane. This wake provides a large correlated energy spread which allows a third stage of compression in the bends of the existing Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) beamline. A proposed 10 m long undulator in the FFTB can deliver similar to10(8) 1.5 A photons per pulse in a 0.1% bandwidth with a peak brightness of similar to10(25) photons/sec/mm(2)/mrad(2)/0.1%,c BW, in a pulse width of similar to80 fs FWHM. The short electron bunches with peak currents as high as 30 kA are also ideal for plasma and wakefield studies as well as providing abundant R&D possibilities for verifying short bunch behavior in the future Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Krejcik, P (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4214-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4500 BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.452971 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT90V UT WOS:000174396700004 ER PT S AU London, RA Bionta, RM Tatchyn, RO Roesler, S AF London, RA Bionta, RM Tatchyn, RO Roesler, S BE Tatchyn, RO Freund, AK Matsushita, T TI Computational simulations of high intensity x-ray matter interaction SO OPTICS FOR FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray lasers; free-electron lasers; x-ray optics; computer simulation ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SILICON; DIFFRACTION; STRENGTH AB Free electron lasers have the promise of producing extremely high-intensity short pulses of coherent, monochromatic radiation in the 1-10 keV energy range. For example, the Linac Coherent Light Source at Stanford is being designed to produce an output intensity of 2x10(14) W/cm(2) in a 230 fs pulse. These sources will open the door to many novel research studies. However, the intense x-ray pulses may damage the optical components necessary for studying and controlling the output. At the full output intensity, the dose to optical components at normal incidence ranges from 1-10 eV/atom for low-Z materials (Z<14) at photon energies of I keV. It is important to have an understanding of the effects of such high doses in order to specify the composition, placement, and orientation of optical components, such as mirrors and monochromators. Doses of 10 eV/atom are certainly unacceptable since they will lead to ablation of the surface of the optical components. However, it is not precisely known what the damage thresholds are for the materials being considered for optical components for x-ray free electron lasers. In this paper, we present analytic estimates and computational simulations of the effects of high-intensity x-ray pulses on materials. We outline guidelines for the maximum dose to various materials and discuss implications for the design of optical components. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP London, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-30, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rlondon@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4214-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4500 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.452958 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT90V UT WOS:000174396700005 ER PT S AU Zambianchi, P Shastri, SD Mills, DM AF Zambianchi, P Shastri, SD Mills, DM BE Tatchyn, RO Freund, AK Matsushita, T TI Numerical simulations of dynamically diffracted ultrashort x-ray free-electron laser pulses SO OPTICS FOR FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB The diffraction of femtosecond x-ray pulses by crystals will play a central role in the development of the optics of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). Making use of Fourier analysis, we calculate the temporal dynamical diffraction of an incident delta function by single- and double-symmetric Bragg crystal monochromators. The time-dependent intensity of ultrashort XFEL pulses diffracted by perfect crystals is discussed. Our simulations show modifications in the time structure of incident 8 keV, 280-fs-duration, microbunched XFEL pulses after diffraction by the crystal optics. Finally, we investigate the statistical fluctuations of the time-integrated intensity from shot to shot. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zambianchi, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4214-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4500 BP 75 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.452966 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT90V UT WOS:000174396700007 ER PT S AU Adams, BW AF Adams, BW BE Tatchyn, RO Freund, AK Matsushita, T TI Dynamical diffraction of x-rays under conditions of a rapidly changing structure factor: theory and possible applications for femtosecond x-rays SO OPTICS FOR FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE dynamical diffraction; Takagi; time-dependence ID ULTRAFAST AB The diffraction of x-rays in crystalline materials is governed by the amplitudes of the Fourier transform of the electron density, commonly called the structure factors. A change in these amplitudes can be induced by a high-power laser and can lead to a number of interesting effects, like a sweep of the beam propagation direction that could be used in a device for time-resolved x-ray detection that bears some similarity to a streak camera and can potentially reach few-femtosecond resolution. Another effect that becomes relevant on subpicosecond timescales is the generation of frequency-shifted x-rays, which could be used in Mossbauer spectroscopy, or for the concentration of x-ray photons into a narrow energy band. Even small changes in the structure factors can produce a large effect through coherent interaction with the x-rays in a large crystalline volume. A theoretical treatment, based on the Takagi-Taupin theory of dynamical diffraction, is presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Adams, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4214-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4500 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1117/12.452957 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT90V UT WOS:000174396700008 ER PT S AU Wootton, A Arthur, J Barbee, T Bionta, R London, R Park, HS Ryutov, D Spiller, E Tatchyn, R AF Wootton, A Arthur, J Barbee, T Bionta, R London, R Park, HS Ryutov, D Spiller, E Tatchyn, R BE Tatchyn, RO Freund, AK Matsushita, T TI X-ray optics and diagnostics for the first experiments on the Linac Coherent Light Source SO OPTICS FOR FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE free electron laser; x-ray optics; x-ray diagnostics AB The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a 1.5 to 15 Angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL), currently proposed for the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The photon output consists of high brightness, transversely coherent pulses with duration < 300 fs, together with a broad spontaneous spectrum with total power comparable to the coherent output. The output fluence, and pulse duration, pose special challenges for optical component and diagnostic designs. We discuss some of the proposed solutions, and give specific examples related to the planned initial experiments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wootton, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4214-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4500 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.452962 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT90V UT WOS:000174396700010 ER PT S AU Shlyaptsev, VN Toor, A Tatchyn, RO AF Shlyaptsev, VN Toor, A Tatchyn, RO BE Tatchyn, RO Freund, AK Matsushita, T TI Plasma lens for high flux X-ray radiation SO OPTICS FOR FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE plasma lens; X-ray optics; capillary discharge modeling; Z-pinch plasma ID CAPILLARY-DISCHARGE; TRANSIENT GAIN; LASER; EMISSION; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; SCHEME AB In this work we describe new kind of refractive lens for focusing of high flux X-ray radiation of next generation X-ray sources. It is proposed to create such lens driving relatively low electric currents inside evacuated capillary made of low-Z material. The numerical simulations show that during the 0.1 - 3 mus, 2-6 kA current pulse, the wall sustained stable capillary discharge plasma forms a concave density profile with almost parabolic index of refraction. Compared to solid materials, the plasma is able to sustain 2-3 order of magnitude larger doze similar to100 eV/atom and can operate at larger fluxes and specifically in the relatively long wavelength region 1-4 keV where solid materials have dramatically larger absorption. For radiation sources similar to LCLS, the plasma lens can be placed right at the exit of undulator and deliver 3-4 orders of magnitude larger fluxes in the focal spot. C1 Univ Calif Davis, DAS, ILSA, LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shlyaptsev, VN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, DAS, ILSA, LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4214-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4500 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.452960 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT90V UT WOS:000174396700012 ER PT S AU Ryutov, D Toor, A AF Ryutov, D Toor, A BE Tatchyn, RO Freund, AK Matsushita, T TI Renewable liquid optics with magneto-electrostatic control SO OPTICS FOR FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID MIRRORS AB We suggest a new class of high-flux renewable optics, in particular, for the use at the X-ray free electron laser, LCLS, which is under discussion now. The size of optical elements we have in mind is from a fraction of a square centimeter to a few square centimeters. We suggest that working fluid be pressed through a porous substrate (made, e.g., of fused capillaries) to form a film, a few tens to a hundred microns thick. After the passage of an intense laser pulse, the liquid film is sucked back through the substrate by a reversed motion of the piston, and formed anew before the next pulse. The working surface of the film is made flat by capillary forces. We discuss the role of viscous, gravitational, and capillary forces in the dynamics of the film and show that the property made film can be arbitrarily oriented with respect to the gravitational force. This makes the proposed optics very flexible. We discuss effects of vibrations of the supporting structures on the quality of optical elements. Limitations on the radiation intensity are formulated. We show how the shape of the film surface can be controlled by electrostatic and magnetic forces, allowing one to make parabolic mirrors and reflecting diffraction gratings. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-630,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4214-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4500 BP 140 EP 155 DI 10.1117/12.452959 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT90V UT WOS:000174396700013 ER PT S AU Schroeder, CB Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Arthur, J Emma, P AF Schroeder, CB Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Arthur, J Emma, P BE Tatchyn, RO Freund, AK Matsushita, T TI Chirped-beam two-stage SASE-FEL for high power femtosecond x-ray pulse generation SO OPTICS FOR FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE free-electron laser; femtosecond; x-ray AB We present a method for generating femtosecond duration x-ray pulses using a single-pass free-electron laser (FEL). This method uses an energy-chirped electron beam to produce a frequency-chirped x-ray pulse through self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). After the undulator we consider passing the radiation through a monochromator. The frequency is correlated to the longitudinal position within the pulse, and therefore, by selecting a narrow bandwidth, a short temporal pulse will be transmitted. The short pulse radiation is used to seed a second undulator, where the radiation is amplified to saturation. In addition to short pulse generation, this scheme has the ability to control shot-to-shot fluctuations in the central wavelength due to electron beam energy jitter. We present calculations of the radiation characteristics produced by a chirped-beam two-stage SASE-FEL, and consider the performance of the chirped-beam. two-stage option for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Schroeder, CB (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS-99,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4214-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4500 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.452969 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT90V UT WOS:000174396700014 ER PT S AU Glover, TE AF Glover, TE BE Tatchyn, RO Freund, AK Matsushita, T TI Femtosecond x-ray detectors via optical gating SO OPTICS FOR FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID STREAK CAMERA; IONIZATION AB Progress in ultrafast xray science demands a new generation of high time-resolution x-ray detectors. We discuss an xray and laser cross-correlation technique which could serve as a basis for a femtosecond xray detector. The cross-correlation technique is based on visible-laser-induced modifications to x-ray photoelectron spectra. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glover, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4214-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4500 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1117/12.452973 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT90V UT WOS:000174396700016 ER PT J AU Xiu, K Gibson, JM AF Xiu, K Gibson, JM TI Study of quadrupole-octopole C-c corrector for the large gap HREM SO OPTIK LA English DT Article DE high resolution TEM; quadrupole; octopole; chromatic aberration; electron optics ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE AB We have considered several aspects of a quadruplet of quadrupole-octopoles aimed at the C-c-correction of a high resolution TEM with large-gap pole piece and low beam energy, The strategy of adding appropriate numbers of octopoles to balance the third order aperture aberrations and correct coma is discussed in detail. We also numerically studied the behavior of several resolution-limiting factors as functions of the focal length and chromatic aberration of the objective lens. For the purpose of comparison, the calculation used on two models: the Gaussian thin lens model and rectangular thick lens model, as extreme cases of the real quadrupole-octopole field distribution. We conclude that for a moderate electrode potential of the electrostatic quadrupole. its power stability poses the the most severe limit on the achievable resolution. It is expected that as long as the power instability of its electrostatic quadrupoles can be maintained below 0.1 ppm, a quadrupole-octopole quadruplet C-c corrector featuring thick field distribution can provide a correction of C-c up to 6.5 mm without inducing any other aberration effects. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xiu, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0030-4026 J9 OPTIK JI Optik PY 2001 VL 112 IS 11 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1078/0030-4026-00095 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 513TX UT WOS:000173396400006 ER PT S AU Macken, C Lu, H Goodman, J Boykin, L AF Macken, C Lu, H Goodman, J Boykin, L BE Osterhaus, ADM Cox, N Hampson, AW TI The value of a database in surveillance and vaccine selection SO OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA IV SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE DE influenza; sequence; database AB The Influenza Sequence Database (ISD) is a curated, specialized database of influenza genomic and protein sequences, and influenza-specific sequence analysis tools that have a web interface available to the public http://www.flu.lanl.gov). Contents are primarily those influenza sequences that have been deposited in GenBank. A growing number of sequences are deposited directly into the ISD by WHO surveillance sites around the world, The core function of the interface is a database search. Analysis tools are a combination of developments by ISD staff and adaptation of existing, freely available software. Future developments of the database and its web site will be driven by user needs and by output from our in-house research. Projects underway include a layered, secure interface with the database to allow variable access privileges to sensitive data, and clickable mapping of a homology model if Influenza B hemagglutinin. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Macken, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-10 Mail Stop K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Boykin, Laura/H-8876-2014 OI Boykin, Laura/0000-0002-6101-1921 NR 0 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50575-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2001 VL 1219 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00330-2 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BT73L UT WOS:000173897700017 ER PT S AU Park, YS AF Park, YS BE Cho, H Knopf, GK TI Structured beam projection for semi-automatic teleoperation SO OPTOMECHATRONIC SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechatronic Systems CY NOV 05-06, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Inst Control, Automat & Syst Engineers DE structured light; dual-arm manipulator; robotic architecture; reactive behavioral agent; teleoperation AB This paper presents a robotic architecture that facilitates semi-automatic teleoperation of a dual-arm manipulator system. The architecture is built upon reactive behavior agents tightly coupling sensing and action, where emergent behaviors correlate human intervention with sensor-based autonomous operation. Reactive agents are devised for perceptual and motor behaviors, and a structured light system is adopted to provide a visual reference to both behavioral agents and the human operator. The technical feasibility of the robotic behaviors is evaluated through simulation of the collaborative motion of a dual-arm manipulator. The presented sensor based semi-automatic teleoperation may improve human perception and simplify human action, and thus improve the efficiency and precision of teleoperation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Park, YS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3855-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4190 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1117/12.417226 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BS18U UT WOS:000169001400020 ER PT S AU Park, YS Ewing, TF Boyle, JM Yule, TJ AF Park, YS Ewing, TF Boyle, JM Yule, TJ BE Cho, HS TI Perceptual basis for reactive teleoperation SO OPTOMECHATRONIC SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechatronic Systems III CY OCT 29-31, 2001 CL NEWTON, TX SP Inst Control, Automat & Syst Engineers DE teleoperation; structured light system; reactive behavioral agent; action oriented perception AB To improve task performance in partially structured environments, enhancements to teleoperation have been proposed by introducing autonomous behaviors. Such autonomy is implemented based on a reactive robotic architecture, where reactive motor agents that directly couple sensory inputs and motor actions become the building blocks. To this end, a perceptual basis for the motor agents is presented in this paper. The perceptual basis consists of perceptual agents that extract environmental information from a structured light vision system and provide action-oriented perception for the corresponding motor agents. Rather than performing general scene reconstruction, a perceptual agent directly provides the motion reference for the motor behavior. Various sensory mechanisms - sensor fission, fusion, and fashion - become basic building blocks of the perception process. Since perception is a process deeply intertwined with the motor actions, active perception may also incorporate motor behaviors as an integral perceptual process. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ewing, Thomas/G-5396-2014 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4292-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4564 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.444080 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT62S UT WOS:000173561500012 ER PT J AU Kenig, F Simons, DJH Anderson, KB AF Kenig, F Simons, DJH Anderson, KB TI Distribution and origin of ethyl-branched alkanes in a Cenomanian transgressive shale of the Western Interior Seaway (USA) SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE monoethylalkanes; branched alkanes; black shales; Cenomanian; Graneros Shale; biomarker ID CYANOBACTERIAL MATS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CRUDE OILS; ABU-DHABI; MONOMETHYL AB Monoethylalkanes (MEA, C-16-C-22) With an even number of carbon atoms are relatively abundant in the saturated hydrocarbon fraction of the basal Graneros Shale (Cenomanian, Western Interior Seaway, USA). On the basis of isomer distribution and isotopic composition. it is proposed that MEA derive from eubacterial organisms, possibly cyanobacteria, living in fresh to brackish water environments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kenig, F (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, M-C 186,845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Kenig, Fabien/A-4961-2008; OI Kenig, Fabien/0000-0003-4868-5232 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 7 BP 949 EP 954 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00049-3 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 452XL UT WOS:000169884900007 ER PT S AU Gregg, BA Ferrere, S Pichot, F AF Gregg, BA Ferrere, S Pichot, F BE Kafafi, ZH Fichou, D TI Interfacial processes in organic-based solar cells SO ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Organic Photovoltaics II Conference CY AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE organic solar cells; interfaces; excitons; chemical potential; passivation; dye-sensitized solar cells; recombination ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DIODES; DISSOCIATION; FABRICATION; CONVERSION; EFFICIENCY; ELECTRODES; MECHANISM; FILMS AB Interfaces are important in all solar cells, but they are especially significant in organic-based photovoltaic (OPV) cells such as organic semiconductor PV cells and dye-sensitized solar cells. In OPV cells, charge generation, charge separation and charge recombination processes often take place at interfaces, while in conventional PV cells these crucial processes occur mainly in the bulk. Interfacial exciton dissociation can lead to photovoltages that exceed the built-in potential of the cell, thus V-oc is not necessarily a measure of the band bending. Photovoltages up to similar to1V have been achieved without band bending. Most OPV cells are majority carrier devices, and thus are fundamentally different than conventional p-n junction cells. The interfacial potential induced by the photogeneration of charge carriers may, at high light intensities, overwhelm the equilibrium potential and hinder charge separation. It is often advantageous to increase the exciton-dissociating surface area by structuring the interface, however this also increases the area over which carriers can recombine. In dye-sensitized solar cells, the surface area is so high, and recombination so rapid, that only a single redox couple with ultra-slow kinetics is viable. We describe a method of passivating the interfacial recombination sites in these cells that permits for the first time the use of kinetically fast redox couples and may facilitate the development of solid-state dye cells. Finally, we describe a UV treatment of dye cells that alters the interfacial energetics and dramatically increases the efficiency in some cases. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gregg, BA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Fichou, Denis/K-3540-2013 OI Fichou, Denis/0000-0002-5081-3806 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4179-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4465 BP 31 EP 42 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BU44H UT WOS:000176000700004 ER PT J AU Wollscheid-Lengeling, E Boore, J Brown, W Wagele, H AF Wollscheid-Lengeling, E Boore, J Brown, W Wagele, H TI The phylogeny of Nudibranchia (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda, Mollusca) reconstructed by three molecular markers SO ORGANISMS DIVERSITY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Nudibranchia; 18S rDNA; 16S rDNA; cox 1; molecular phylogeny ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; SEQUENCES; DNA; CHARACTERS; EUTHYNEURA; EVOLUTION; PRIMERS; TREES; RATES AB The phylogeny of the Nudibranchia and its major constituent taxa is investigated by comparing the complete sequences of the 18S rDNA of 54 species, a part of the 16S rDNA of 38 species and part of cytochrome c oxidase l (cox1) of 45 species, These datasets are analyzed individually and in combination for the subset of taxa where information on all three markers is available. The results are compared to published cladistic analyses based on morphological data. The monophyly of the Nudibranchia and the monophyly of its two major groups, the Anthobranchia/Doridoidea and Cladobranchia, is confirmed. Incongruencies between the molecular and morphological data is discussed, as well as incongruencies between the three molecular markers. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Spezielle Zool, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Wagele, H (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Spezielle Zool, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. OI Wagele, Heike/0000-0001-6899-0336 NR 40 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-6092 J9 ORG DIVERS EVOL JI Org. Divers. Evol. PY 2001 VL 1 IS 4 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.1078/1439-6092-00022 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 514XL UT WOS:000173466300001 ER PT B AU Ghiorso, A AF Ghiorso, A BE Manuel, O TI Ghiorso remembers Seaborg SO ORIGIN OF ELEMENTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM: IMPLICATIONS OF POST-1957 OBSERVATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Origin of Elements in the Solar System CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ghiorso, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46562-0 PY 2001 BP 3 EP 19 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS37S UT WOS:000169680300001 ER PT B AU Gregorich, KE Ninov, V AF Gregorich, KE Ninov, V BE Manuel, O TI Superheavy elements at Berkeley: The culmination of Seaborg's career SO ORIGIN OF ELEMENTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM: IMPLICATIONS OF POST-1957 OBSERVATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Origin of Elements in the Solar System CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID COLD-FUSION REACTIONS; ALPHA-DECAY; NUCLEI; CA-48; RANGE; IONS AB Through many years and many heavy element research projects, Seaborg always brought the authors' thoughts and discussions back to the superheavy elements (SHE). This guidance led to the construction of the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator (BGS) with its primary program being a search for superheavy elements. In April and May of 1999, the BGS was used to search for the production and decay of element 118 from the Kr-86 + Pb-208 reaction according to Smolanczuk's predictions of relatively large production rates. Three decay chains, each consisting of an implanted heavy ion, followed by a rapid (ms) succession of high-energy (> 10 MeV) alpha-particle decays were detected. These chains are consistent with the production and decay of element 118 with mass number 293. These results a) show experimental evidence for the existence of shell-stabilized SHE, b) provide experimental values for refinement of nuclear mass models in the SHE region, and, most importantly, c) present a "new" reaction pathway for the production of SHE. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 88, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KEGregorich@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46562-0 PY 2001 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS37S UT WOS:000169680300002 ER PT B AU Rundberg, RS Ullmann, JL Wilhelmy, JB Fowler, MM Haight, RC Miller, GG Palmer, PD Kappeler, F Koehler, P AF Rundberg, RS Ullmann, JL Wilhelmy, JB Fowler, MM Haight, RC Miller, GG Palmer, PD Kappeler, F Koehler, P BE Manuel, O TI Neutron capture cross section measurements for the analysis of the s-process SO ORIGIN OF ELEMENTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM: IMPLICATIONS OF POST-1957 OBSERVATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Origin of Elements in the Solar System CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; STARS AB The pioneering work of Burbidge et al. (1957) outlined the basic mechanism for heavy element nucleosynthesis in the stellar environment. However, some specifics of the s-process remain poorly determined. Central to these are an understanding of the "branching point" nuclei. These are isotopes that have half-lives such that there is a competition between beta-decay and neutron-capture. Such isotopes have a critical role in understanding the stellar temperature and neutron density and thus the dynamics of nucleosynthesis. At Los Alamos we have begun a program to irradiate radioactive targets and measure the differential capture reactions that are required to unfold the details of stellar evolution. This program utilizes the high fluence available at the LANSCE neutron spallation source to investigate targets having mass on the order of 1 mg. The radioactive target material is obtained via spallation reactions at high intensity accelerators or from irradiations at nuclear reactors. For purification and preparation of the target material, we have dedicated chemical and isotope separator capabilities housed in hot cell environments. A 162 element 4 pi BaF2 detector array that will permit highly segmented, calorimetric measurements on capture gamma-rays is being procured for this program. The project status and preliminary results from radioactive target measurements on Tm-171 are presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rundberg, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46562-0 PY 2001 BP 103 EP 110 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS37S UT WOS:000169680300009 ER PT B AU Ahmad, I Greene, JP Kutschera, W Paul, M AF Ahmad, I Greene, JP Kutschera, W Paul, M BE Manuel, O TI Measurement of the Ti-44 half-life and its significance for supernovae SO ORIGIN OF ELEMENTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM: IMPLICATIONS OF POST-1957 OBSERVATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Origin of Elements in the Solar System CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID RAY LINE EMISSION AB In 1998, we reported the three-laboratory measurements of the Ti-44 half-life which was determined relative to the well known value (5.2714 +/- 0.0005 yr) of the Co-60 half-life. We have continued the measurement at Argonne and Jerusalem and inclusion of data points for additional two years does not change our published value of 59.0 +/- 0.6 yr. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahmad, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46562-0 PY 2001 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS37S UT WOS:000169680300017 ER PT B AU Norman, EB Browne, E AF Norman, EB Browne, E BE Manuel, O TI On the half-life of Ti-44 in young supernova remnants SO ORIGIN OF ELEMENTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM: IMPLICATIONS OF POST-1957 OBSERVATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Origin of Elements in the Solar System CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID CASSIOPEIA-A; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION AB The electron-capture decay rate of Ti-44 strongly depends on the number of atomic electrons that are bound to the nucleus. Recent x-ray observations of the Cas A and RXJ0852.0-4622 supernova remnants suggest that conditions of high temperatures and low densities exist in these objects. Under such conditions, the half-life of Ti-44 would be significantly longer than its laboratory value. This effect implies that only an upper limit on the mass of 44Ti ejected by supernovae can be deduced from gamma-ray observations of these two supernova remnants. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Norman, EB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46562-0 PY 2001 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS37S UT WOS:000169680300018 ER PT B AU Brown, WK AF Brown, WK BE Manuel, O TI The birth of planetary systems directly from supernovae SO ORIGIN OF ELEMENTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM: IMPLICATIONS OF POST-1957 OBSERVATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Origin of Elements in the Solar System CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID BRIGHT NEARBY GALAXIES; SEQUENTIAL FRAGMENTATION; VELOCITY-FIELD; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The hypothesis explored in this article focuses on the outward-racing accretion shock produced in the course of a Type II supernova explosion. The shock arises in a massive giant star after the core collapse and hydrodynamic bounce. The piling up of material at the shock forms a shell of material which is subjected to an extremely high flux of neutrons. It is therefore rich in elements heavier than Iron - produced by r-process nucleosynthesis. The relatively small amount of material falling back from the volume inside the shell produces a planetary nebula around the central neutron star. The shell itself is ejected, and soon breaks up into gravitationally-bound fragments. Each fragment subsequently proceeds outward, sweeping up additional mass, to form a nebula surrounding a dominant, but relatively small central mass. It is shown that this scenario illustrates how stellar nebulae can be produced directly from Type II supernovae to form all known types of solar systems. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46562-0 PY 2001 BP 225 EP 240 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS37S UT WOS:000169680300020 ER PT B AU Guzik, JA Neuforge, C AF Guzik, JA Neuforge, C BE Manuel, O TI Sensitivity of solar oscillation frequencies to element abundances SO ORIGIN OF ELEMENTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM: IMPLICATIONS OF POST-1957 OBSERVATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Origin of Elements in the Solar System CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID TURBULENT CONVECTION; HEAVY-ELEMENT; MODELS; DIFFUSION; STATE; OPACITIES; INTERIOR; OPAL; HELIOSEISMOLOGY; EQUATION AB We are fortunate to live close enough to a pulsating star, the sun, for which we can resolve the disk and thereby measure the frequencies of thousands of its global modes of oscillation. These nonradial p-modes travel to varying depths in the solar interior, and their frequencies have been measured in some cases to a precision of one part in a million; therefore they are extremely sensitive probes of solar interior structure. The process of using solar oscillations to determine the solar interior structure and test the physical input to solar models is called "helioseismology", analogous to the way that seismic waves are used to infer the Earth's interior structure. The modern standard solar model generally has been successful in reproducing observed frequencies and the inferred sound speed of the solar interior. Nevertheless, discrepancies of several tenths of a percent in sound speed persist-these small differences are used as clues to refine the model assumptions and input physics. In this review we discuss the degree to which helioseismology is sensitive to element abundances and composition gradients in the solar interior. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Theoret & Computat Phys, XTA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Theoret & Computat Phys, XTA, MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM joy@lanl.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46562-0 PY 2001 BP 301 EP 316 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS37S UT WOS:000169680300026 ER PT B AU Ward, TE AF Ward, TE BE Manuel, O TI The possible role of pep weak interactions in the early history of the earth SO ORIGIN OF ELEMENTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM: IMPLICATIONS OF POST-1957 OBSERVATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Origin of Elements in the Solar System CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID OCEAN ISLAND BASALTS; NOBLE-GAS; EXCESS HE-3; DEEP-MANTLE; HELIUM; SYSTEMATICS; HETEROGENEITY; MODEL; CONSTRAINTS; HEAT AB The p(pe(-), v)d reaction (Q = 1.442 MeV) is examined in view of the possible Gamow Factor Cancellation (GFC) theorized by Kim and Zubarev (1995). The lifetime for the pep reaction in a metal hydride environment, such as FeH in the core of the earth, was calculated to be 2.54E(+ 12) yrs. The duration of the earth's melting and degassing prior to the formation of the oceans can be calculated using the present ratio D/H = 1.5E(-4) for the oceanic value, the pep lifetime in Fe and the primordial ratio of DM = 2.6E(-5). The time interval was calculated to be 630 +/- 160 million years, yielding an oceanic formation age of 3.92 billion years ago. The d(pe(-), v)t reaction (Q = 5.474 MeV) was also examined in view of the subsequent decay of tritium to He-3 and its possible role as a radiochronometer. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Ward, TE (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46562-0 PY 2001 BP 545 EP 554 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS37S UT WOS:000169680300040 ER PT B AU Funsten, HO McComas, DJ Gruntman, M AF Funsten, HO McComas, DJ Gruntman, M BE Scherer, K Fichtner, H Fahr, HJ Marsch, E TI Energetic neutral atom Imaging of the outer Heliosphere-LISM interaction region SO OUTER HELIOSPHERE: THE NEXT FRONTIERS, PROCEEDINGS SE COSPAR COLLOQUIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th COSPAR Colloquium on Outer Heliosphere - The Next Frontiers CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP Max-Planck Inst Aeronomie ID NEGATIVE-ION PRODUCTION; CARBON FOILS; SURFACE-IONIZATION; IMAGER; MAGNETOSPHERE; HYDROGEN; MISSION AB Energetic neutral atom (ENA) emission from the region where the heliosphere and the local interstellar medium (LISM) interact will enable remote observation of this region's structure and dynamics. Imaging of these ENAs will allow us to understand the complex physics of the interaction and will help distinguish between competing models of the region. In this paper, we describe the imaging technique of ENA ionization by an ultrathin transmission foil followed by electrostatic deflection and coincidence detection. We also show new laboratory results that demonstrate the ability of this technique to detect ENAs over the energy range of approximately 0.2-6 keV that is critical for understanding the physics of the processes that govern the interaction region. This technique has a large intrinsic geometric factor that will enable imaging of the extremely dim ENA emissions and will allow quantification of the important characteristics of the outer heliosphere-LISM interaction region. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Funsten, HO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hfunsten@lanl.gov; mikeg@spock.usc.edu RI Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015; Gruntman, Mike/A-5426-2008 OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Gruntman, Mike/0000-0002-0830-010X NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND BN 0-444-50909-7 J9 COSPAR COLL PY 2001 VL 11 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV09S UT WOS:000177816500034 ER PT J AU Luccio, AU AF Luccio, AU TI Numerical simulation of particle accelerators SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computing Users and Intel Supercomputer Users Group CY 1999 CL SUNY, STONY BROOK, NEW YORK HO SUNY DE parallel computing; numerical simulation; particle accelerators AB Numerical simulation of particle accelerators using representative "macroparticles" is important for: (i) the design of new accelerators, (ii) to understand and optimize existing accelerators, and (iii) model-based control of accelerators. Accelerator simulation involves the repeated solution of equations of the dynamics of a "herd" of relativistic particles in electromagnetic fields, produced by accelerator modules (magnets and RI cavities) and by the particles themselves (space charge forces in the presence of accelerator chamber walls). These calculations are very time consuming and in many cases, in particular for high beam current accelerators, can be sensibly only done using parallel computing. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Luccio, AU (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 177 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(00)00093-4 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 417AX UT WOS:000167814100008 ER PT J AU Yasar, O AF Yasar, O TI A new ignition model for spark-ignited engine simulations SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computing Users and Intel Supercomputer Users Group CY 1999 CL SUNY, STONY BROOK, NEW YORK HO SUNY DE engine combustion simulations; spark ignition modeling; parallel computing; computational fluid dynamics ID FLAME AB The amount of spark energy deposited into the combustion chamber is key to an optimum ignition as one can end up with misfires when this energy is low or with other undesired effects on engine performance and byproducts when it is high, Experimentally, up to now, no one has been able to correlate the combustion outcome accurately to the spark parameters in a controllable way. Theoretical investigation and computer modeling is leading to a better understanding of how spark flames propagate. A new computational approach to ignition dynamics is presented here for spark-ignited (SI) engine combustion simulations. Our computational model, using the MPI communication library, attempts to solve temporal and spatial equations of the electromagnetic (EM) equations in conjunction with the well-known Navier-Stokes equations of the standard KIVA-3 engine code. The interaction between the gas and the flame (plasma) kernel in the spark region is computed through the momentum and energy exchange between these two fields, Preliminary results show a distinct spatial distribution of physical quantities at the flame front and within the inflammation zone. A slight change in the spark discharge current has significant impact on the combustion and emissions. Enhanced accuracy of spark ignition modeling might help us better compute the early flame propagation and its influence on the cyclic variability of engines, potentially leading to design of new spark plugs. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Computat Sci, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yasar, O (reprint author), SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Computat Sci, 350 New Campus Dr,Room 294 FOB, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. OI Yasar, Osman/0000-0002-9474-8137 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(00)00094-6 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 417AX UT WOS:000167814100009 ER PT B AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, SJ BE LI, HN Lin, GL Zhang, WM TI Hadronic light-front wavefunctions and QCD phenomenonology SO PARTICLE PHYSICS PHENOMENOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Particle Physics Phenomenology CY NOV 08-11, 2000 CL TAITUNG, TAIWAN SP Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Acad Sinica ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; LARGE-MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; TRANSITION FORM-FACTOR; CONE WAVE-FUNCTIONS; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; PERTURBATIVE QCD; INTRINSIC CHARM; DISTRIBUTION AMPLITUDE; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AB A fundamental goal in QCD is to understand the non-perturbative structure of hadrons at the amplitude level-not just the single-particle flavor, momentum, and helicity distributions of the quark constituents, but also the multi-quark, gluonic, and hidden-color correlations intrinsic to hadronic and nuclear wavefunctions. A natural calculus for describing the bound-state structure of relativistic composite systems in quantum field theory is the light-front Fock expansion which encodes the proper-ties of a hadrons in terms of a set of frame-independent n-particle wavefunctions. Light-front quantization in the doubly-transverse light-cone gauge ha's a number of remarkable advantages, including explicit unitarity, a physical Fock expansion, the absence of ghost degrees of freedom, and the decoupling properties needed to prove factorization theorems in high momentum transfer inclusive and exclusive reactions. A number of applications will be discussed in these lectures, including semileptonic B decays, two-photon exclusive reactions, and deeply virtual Compton scattering. The relation of the intrinsic sea to the light-front wavefunctions is discussed. A new type of jet production reaction, "self-resolving diffractive interactions" can provide direct information on the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in terms of their quark and gluon degrees of freedom as well as the composition of nuclei in terms of their nucleon and mesonic degrees of freedom. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 147 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4645-5 PY 2001 BP 3 EP 42 DI 10.1142/9789812799982_0001 PG 40 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT32F UT WOS:000172648200001 ER PT S AU Randrup, J AF Randrup, J BE Corral, GH Nellen, L TI Disoriented chiral condensates in high-energy nuclear collisions SO PARTICLES AND FIELDS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Mexican School on Particles and Fields CY AUG 09-19, 2000 CL METEPEC, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, CLAF, Rio de Janeiro, CLAF, Mexico, CONACyT, UNAM ID LINEAR SIGMA-MODEL; PHASE-TRANSITION; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; QUANTUM EVOLUTION; DOMAIN-STRUCTURE; PION-PRODUCTION; LARGER DOMAINS; DCC FORMATION; FIELD; PERSPECTIVE AB This brief lecture series discusses how our current understanding of chiral symmetry may be tested more globally in high-energy nuclear collisions by suitable extraction of pionic observables. After briefly recalling the general features of chiral symmetry, we focus on the SU(2) linear sigma model and show how a semi-classical mean-field treatment makes it possible to calculate its statistical properties, including the chiral phase diagram. Subsequently, we consider scenarios of relevance to high-energy collisions and discuss the features of the ensuing non-equilibrium dynamics and the associated characteristic signals. Finally, we illustrate how the presence of vacuum fluctuations or the inclusion of strangenesss may affect the results quantitatively. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Randrup, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-998-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 562 BP 138 EP 169 PG 32 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BS20F UT WOS:000169066400006 ER PT S AU Appel, JA AF Appel, JA BE Corral, GH Nellen, L TI The experiment road to the heavier quarks and other heavy objects SO PARTICLES AND FIELDS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Mexican School on Particles and Fields CY AUG 09-19, 2000 CL METEPEC, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, CLAF, Rio de Janeiro, CLAF, Mexico, CONACyT, UNAM ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; = 1.8 TEV; CURRENT DECAY D-0->MU(+)MU(-); D-MESON DECAYS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; CP VIOLATION; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; DILEPTON EVENTS; B-MESON AB After a brief history of heavy quarks, I will discuss charm, bottom, and top quarks in turn. For each one, I discuss its first observation, and then what we have learned about production, hadronization, and decays - and what these have taught us about the underlying physics. I will also point out remaining open issues. For this series of lectures, the charm quark will be emphasized. It is the first of the heavy quarks, and its study is where many of the techniques and issues first appeared. Only very brief mention is made of CP violation in the bottom-quark system since that topic is the subject of a separate series of lectures by Gabriel Lopez. As the three quarks are reviewed, a pattern of techniques and lessons emerges. These are identified, and then briefly considered in the context of anticipated physics signals of the future; e.g., for Higgs and SUSY particles. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Appel, JA (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-998-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 562 BP 170 EP 200 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BS20F UT WOS:000169066400007 ER PT S AU Vogt, R AF Vogt, R BE Corral, GH Nellen, L TI The ups and downs of J/psi suppression SO PARTICLES AND FIELDS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Mexican School on Particles and Fields CY AUG 09-19, 2000 CL METEPEC, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, CLAF, Rio de Janeiro, CLAF, Mexico, CONACyT, UNAM ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; J-PSI-SUPPRESSION; HOT HADRONIC MATTER; PB-PB COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; INTRINSIC CHARM; FINITE TEMPERATURE AB An overview of the present status of J/psi suppression in pA and nucleus-nucleus interactions is presented. In both cases, model predictions are summarized and compared to the data. The "anomalous" J/psi suppression in Pb+Pb collisions is discussed in some detail. Predictions are also shown for quarkonium suppression at collider energies. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 134 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-998-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 562 BP 214 EP 248 PG 35 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BS20F UT WOS:000169066400009 ER PT S AU Diaz-Cruz, JL AF Diaz-Cruz, JL BE Corral, GH Nellen, L TI Signals of new physics and Higgs detection SO PARTICLES AND FIELDS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Mexican School on Particles and Fields CY AUG 09-19, 2000 CL METEPEC, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, CLAF, Rio de Janeiro, CLAF, Mexico, CONACyT, UNAM ID LOW-ENERGY THEOREMS; COLLIDER AB The production of Higgs boson at Tevatron by gluon fusion, can be enhanced by the presence of heavy colored particles that receive their mass from the SM Higgs. This can be used to constraint additional standard or mirror families, chiral colored sextets and octet quarks. The possibility to detect the lepton-flavour violating Higgs h --> tau mu/taue, at the first stages of RUN-II is also discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 92710 USA. RP Diaz-Cruz, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 92710 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-998-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 562 BP 333 EP 336 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BS20F UT WOS:000169066400019 ER PT B AU Montanet, F AF Montanet, F CA Pierre Auger Collaboration BE Frampton, P Ng, J TI The puzzle of ultra high energy cosmic rays and the Pierre Auger project SO PARTICLES, STRINGS AND COSMOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Particles, Strings and Cosmology (PASCOS) CY APR 10-15, 2001 CL UNIV N CAROLINA, CHAPEL HILL, NC HO UNIV N CAROLINA ID AIR-SHOWER-ARRAY; FLYS-EYE; GAMMA-RAY; NEUTRINOS; ORIGIN; PROPAGATION; SPECTRUM; UNIVERSE; SIMULATION; ANISOTROPY AB A handful of cosmic rays with macroscopic energies exceeding 10(20) eV have been detected during the last 40 years. The origin of such events are yet to be understood. There is a whole variety of theoretical explanations ranging from conventional shock acceleration to hypothetical heavy relics of the early universe. The existence of events above the predicted GZK cutoff Le with energies above approximate to 7 x 10(19)eV, could be a hint of new physics. On the other hand, we are entering a new experimental era: large size detectors such as the Pierre Auger Observatory will provide the required statistics for detailed spectral, anisotropy and composition studies of these high energy particles. This will shed a new light on the very early universe and on the origin of the cosmic rays. We give here a quick overview of the theoretical and experimental situation and present the status of the Pierre Auger project in more detail. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Chinellato, Jose Augusto/I-7972-2012 OI Chinellato, Jose Augusto/0000-0002-3240-6270 NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-015-0 PY 2001 BP 207 EP 222 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BW77H UT WOS:000183129500015 ER PT S AU Schmoyer, R Hu, PS Goeltz, RT AF Schmoyer, R Hu, PS Goeltz, RT GP TRB TI Statistical data filtering and aggregation to hour totals of intelligent transportation system 30-s and 5-min vehicle counts SO PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT, MONITORING, AND ACCELERATED TESTING: PAVEMENT DESIGN, MANAGEMENT, AND PERFORMANCE SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 80th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB For traffic analysts who rely on traditional traffic monitoring data from state and local transportation departments, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) count, speed, and occupancy data are a largely untapped resource. As with most data, however, ITS data are not immune to outliers, missing values, and other anomalies, which can be time-consuming and costly in data analysis. Furthermore, because ITS data are recorded at intervals as short as 20 s, the tasks of archiving and disseminating them are substantial. Therefore, before ITS data are applied in traditional traffic analysis problems, and before archiving and disseminating them, their fitness for traditional uses should be demonstrated, and methods should be established for ensuring their fitness. Traffic counts from ITS installations in Orlando, Florida, and Long Island, New York were examined. Methods were developed for (a) filtering out data values beyond. credible limits and runs of the same value too long to be credible and (b) dealing with zeros, which, ambiguously, indicate either missing values or actual zero counts. Because hour totals are often the focus in traditional traffic analyses, methods were also developed for aggregating the remaining counts to estimates of hour totals. Adjustments were made for the joint effect of missing values and trends within hours. Application of the methods to the Florida and Long Island ITS traffic counts and comparisons with hour counts from state departments of transportation demonstrated the feasibility of using ITS counts in traditional traffic analyses. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schmoyer, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07231-X J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2001 IS 1769 BP 79 EP 86 AR UNSP 01-3245 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU64W UT WOS:000176595100010 ER PT B AU Quinlan, D Philip, B AF Quinlan, D Philip, B BE Arabnia, HR TI ROSETTA: The compile-time recognition of object-oriented library abstractions and their use within applications SO PDPTA'2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 2001) CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp DE object-oriented languages; performance optimization; compiler optimization AB Object-oriented libraries arise naturally from the increasing complexity of developing related scientific applications. The optimization of the use of libraries within scientific applications is one of many high-performance optimizations, and is the subject of this paper. This type of optimization can have significant potential because it can either reduce the overhead of calls to a library, specialize the library calls given the context of their use within the application, or use tile semantics of the library calls to locally rewrite sections of the application. This type of optimization is only now becoming an active area of research. The optimization of the use of libraries within scientific applications is particularly attractive because it maps to the extensive use of libraries within numerous large existing scientific applications sharing common problem domains. This paper presents an object-oriented library, ROSETTA, as a mechanism to determine where within an application a source-to-source preprocessor can introduce performance optimizations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Quinlan, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-71-8 PY 2001 BP 159 EP 165 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT77Y UT WOS:000174014500024 ER PT B AU Miller, B Philip, B Quinlan, D Wissink, A AF Miller, B Philip, B Quinlan, D Wissink, A BE Arabnia, HR TI AMRSim: An object-oriented performance simulator for parallel adaptive mesh refinement SO PDPTA'2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 2001) CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp DE AMR simulation parallel performance AB Adaptive mesh refinement is complicated by both the algorithms and the dynamic nature of the computations. Achieving good performance is dependent upon the architecture and the application. Most attempts to address the complexity of AMR have led to the development of monolithic solutions, many of which have been object-oriented libraries or frameworks. All attempts to date have made assumptions which make the evaluation of performance of AMR across different applications and architectures difficult or impractical. The evaluation of different approaches can alternatively be accomplished through simulation of the different AMR processes without actually solving the equations of interest. This paper presents a combined analytic and empirical approach. Details of algorithms composed of combinations of easily analyzed-specific phases can be readily predicted, while the performance associated with the dynamic behavior must be studied empirically. The result, AMRSim, provides a simple way to develop bounds on the expected performance of AMR calculations subject to constraints given by the algorithms, frameworks, and architectures. Initial results have looked at several different AMR algorithms. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miller, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-71-8 PY 2001 BP 1143 EP 1149 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT77Y UT WOS:000174014500174 ER PT B AU de Supinski, BR AF de Supinski, BR BE Arabnia, HR TI The ASCI PSE milepost: Run-time systems performance tests SO PDPTA'2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 2001) CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp AB The Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) Problem Solving Environment (PSE) consists of the tools and libraries needed for the development of ASCI simulation codes on ASCI machines. The recently completed ASCI PSE Milepost demonstrated that this software environment is available and functional at the scale used for application mileposts on ASCI White. As part of the PSE Milepost,,we performed extensive performance testing of several critical run-time based systems. In this paper, we present microbenchmark results that compare the MPI [5], Pthreads and OpenMP [7, 8] implementations on ASCI White and ASCI Blue Pacific. Our results demonstrate that these run-time systems on White have improved sufficiently to accommodate the machine's approximately four-fold increase in processing capability over Blue Pacific. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP de Supinski, BR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-71-8 PY 2001 BP 1987 EP 1993 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT77Y UT WOS:000174014500300 ER PT S AU Su, GJ Adams, DJ Tolbert, LM AF Su, GJ Adams, DJ Tolbert, LM GP IEEE IEEE TI Comparative study of power factor correction converters for single phase half-bridge inverters SO PESC 2001: 32ND ANNUAL POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Power Electronics Specialist Conference (PESC 2001) CY JUN 17-21, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE, PELS ID UPS AB Half-bridge inverter is very suitable for single-phase on-line UPS applications because it offers very desirable features. These include fewer active switches, a common neutral connection-not requiring an isolation transformer, and sinusoidal input currents if a power factor correction (PFC) converter is used at the front end. This paper presents a comparative study of PFC converters for single-phase half-bridge UPS inverters. A traditional half-bridge converter and two recently introduced ac-dc/dc-dc boost converters are comparatively investigated for active switch count, voltage stresses on the switches, and capability of voltage balance control of the dc bus capacitors. Analytical and experimental results are included in this paper to illustrate performance differences among the converters in terms of input current harmonic distortion and energy efficiency. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM sugj@ornl.gov OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 8 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-9306 BN 0-7803-7067-8 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 2001 BP 995 EP 1000 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT60C UT WOS:000173448300165 ER PT J AU Reynolds, JG AF Reynolds, JG TI Nickel in petroleum refining SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEAVY CRUDE PETROLEUMS; CATALYTIC HYDRODEMETALLATION; NEUTRAL FRACTIONS; VANADIUM; OIL; SPECTROMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; ASPHALTENES; PORPHYRINS AB Nickel plays both negative and positive roles in petroleum refining. Found as a naturally occurring trace element in many crude oils and bound in oil-soluble ligation, nickel concentrations range from a few to over 250 ppm. In the conversion of crude oils to transportation fuels, these concentrations generally cause problems. Nickel interferes with upgrading processes, severely deactivating many heterogeneous catalysts (such as FCC), catalyzing undesirable side reactions (such as carbonization), and devaluing any residual material in which it may be isolated (such as coke). Nickel also can play a positive role in refining, assisting in oil exploration, catalyzing upgrading processes (such as for N removal), and producing petrochemicals (such as hydrogenation production). With increasing environmental concerns, Ni also has been utilized to identify sources of unregulated releases of crude oil, such as spills and seeps. This paper presents these and other aspects of nickel chemistry with relationship in exploration for and refining petroleum. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-092, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 58 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 7-8 BP 979 EP 1007 DI 10.1081/LFT-100106915 PG 29 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 483KX UT WOS:000171635500018 ER PT B AU Haskel, D Stern, EA Dogan, F AF Haskel, D Stern, EA Dogan, F BE Phillips, JC Thorpe, MF TI Role of Sr dopants in the inhomogeneous ground state of La2-xSrxCuO4 SO PHASE TRANSITIONS AND SELF-ORGANIZATION IN ELECTRONIC AND MOLECULAR NETWORKS SE FUNDAMENTAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Phase Transitions and Self-Organization in Electronic and Molecular Networks CY JUL 11-14, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; DOPED HOLES; PHASE; DISORDER; XAFS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Adv Photon Source, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Haskel, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Adv Photon Source, APS, Bldg 401, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46568-X J9 FUNDMAT RES PY 2001 BP 323 EP 330 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BT22T UT WOS:000172336700020 ER PT J AU Valiev, RZ Song, C McFadden, SX Mukherjee, AK Mishra, RS AF Valiev, RZ Song, C McFadden, SX Mukherjee, AK Mishra, RS TI TEM/HREM observations of nanostructured superplastic Ni3Al SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY STRUCTURE; NICKEL AB Nanostructured Ni3Al intermetallic (Ni-8.5 Al-7.8 Cr-0.6 Zr-0.02 B; in wt%) with an average grain size of 50 nm was produced using the technique of severe plastic deformation (SPD). Previous studies of Ni3Al in the as-processed state demonstrated non-equilibrium grain boundaries, indicated by a high concentration of extrinsic defects, characteristic of material processed by SPD. Diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy (TEM/HREM) have been used here to examine specimens of the material annealed at 650 degreesC and 750 degreesC, plus material taken from the gauge section of a specimen superplastically deformed to about 300% elongation at a temperature of 650 degreesC. Examination of the sample annealed at 650 degreesC showed that grain boundaries remained in high energy, nonequilibrium configurations. The sample annealed at 750 degreesC contained grain boundaries with a high density of dislocations. By contrast, the superplastically deformed sample showed no visible distortions of the crystal lattice near the grain boundary. Additionally, TEM/HREM observations of twin boundaries in the deformed specimen showed no indication of trapped lattice dislocations, suggesting that grain boundary sliding was accommodated by diffusion. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Met Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Mukherjee, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM akmukherjee@ucdavis.edu RI Mishra, Rajiv/A-7985-2009 OI Mishra, Rajiv/0000-0002-1699-0614 NR 15 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 393QD UT WOS:000166480400003 ER PT J AU Jiao, S Bird, N Hirsch, PB Taylor, G AF Jiao, S Bird, N Hirsch, PB Taylor, G TI Yield stress anomalies in single crystals of Ti-54.5 at.% Al - III. Ordinary slip SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION MECHANISMS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; DEFORMATION; ALLOYS AB Mechanical properties and transmission electron microscopy studies of single crystals of gamma -Ti-54.5 at.% Al of various orientations for which ordinary slip occurs show that at the temperature T-p of the peak stress of the yield stress anomaly (YSA) the critical resolved shear stresses (CRSSs) for ordinary slip on {110) and {111} are comparable, and that above T-p, the CRSS on {110) decreases rapidly with increasing temperature. The glide loops on (110) are elongated along the [001] direction, indicating the low mobility of edge dislocations. Below T-p, slip occurs on {111} and the screw dislocations are much less mobile than the edge dislocations, forming effectively long locks. Further slip (unlocking) is thought to occur by the generation and glide of edge superkinks along the screw direction. In the region of the YSA, before unlocking occurs, the screws bow out, mainly on {111} and partly on {110), the latter resulting in relatively immobile jogs which act as obstacles to slip on {111} and to the motion of the superkinks. Bowing on {110) has been observed in this work and by others. The YSA is considered to be due to increasing amounts of bowing on {110) with increasing temperature, and thus the formation of larger jogs on {110) in dislocations gliding on {111}. The driving forces for this mechanism are attributed to the screw dislocations having a minimum line tension on {110) and, except for alloys with less than about 54 at.% Al, to a lower resistance from the effect of short-range order associated with the Al5Ti3 phase for slip on {110) than on {111}. The large activation volumes observed below T-p are thought to be associated with mechanisms controlling the generation and motion of edge superkinks, involving thermally activated processes including climb at small jogs, and various mechanisms of cross-slip. Above T-p the rate-controlling process is considered to be thermally activated or climb-controlled glide of edge dislocations on {110) planes. The model for the YSA is discussed in the light of results from other studies. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. RP Jiao, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 BP 213 EP 244 PG 32 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 393QD UT WOS:000166480400017 ER PT J AU Shikama, T Zinkle, SJ AF Shikama, T Zinkle, SJ TI Electrical conductivity of alumina after heavy irradiation in a high-flux fission reactor SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION AB The electrical conductivities of seven different alumina specimens were measured after they were irradiated in the High-Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Results indicated a moderate increase in the electrical conductivity due to the irradiation in HFIR up to 2.8 displacements per atom at 450-500 degreesC. A large offset current was observed in the irradiated specimens after they were subjected to an applied voltage, which indicated the existence of a large number of trapped electrical charges. An abrupt release of the trapped electrical charges may be a trigger to cause the previously reported electrical breakdown under irradiation (called radiation-induced electrical degradation). C1 Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Oarai Branch, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111313, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shikama, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Oarai Branch, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111313, Japan. EM Shikama@imr.tohoku.ac.jp RI Shikama, Tatsuo/C-3042-2011; OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.1080/13642810108216526 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 399CX UT WOS:000166794600005 ER PT S AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, SJ BE Finch, AJ TI Two-photon exclusive processes in QCD SO PHOTON 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Structure and Interactions of the Photon CY AUG 26-31, 2000 CL ST MARTINS COLL, AMBLESIDE, ENGLAND SP Lancaster Univ Phys Dept HO ST MARTINS COLL ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; LARGE-MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; TRANSITION FORM-FACTOR; ONE TIME DIMENSION; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; PERTURBATIVE QCD; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; EVOLUTION-EQUATIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; MESON DECAYS AB Exclusive two-photon reactions such as Compton scattering at large angles, deeply virtual Compton scattering, and hadron production in photon-photon collisions provide important tests of QCD at the amplitude level, particularly as measures of hadron distribution amplitudes and skewed parton distributions. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0010-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 571 BP 315 EP 325 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT63R UT WOS:000173566100042 ER PT S AU Diehl, M Gousset, T Pire, B AF Diehl, M Gousset, T Pire, B BE Finch, AJ TI gamma*gamma -> pi pi at large Q(2) SO PHOTON 2000 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Structure and Interactions of the Photon CY AUG 26-31, 2000 CL ST MARTINS COLL, AMBLESIDE, ENGLAND SP Lancaster Univ Phys Dept HO ST MARTINS COLL ID HARD EXCLUSIVE ELECTROPRODUCTION; GAMMA-ASTERISK-GAMMA; 2 PIONS; PI-PI; LIGHT AB The QCD analysis of the process gamma*gamma --> pipi at large Q(2) and small center-of-mass energy allows one to access a new hadronic observable describing the exclusive transition from a q (q) over bar or gg state to a pair of mesons. A fruitful study may be envisaged at existing machines. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM gousset@subatech.in2p3.fr RI Pire, Bernard/I-3994-2013 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0010-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 571 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT63R UT WOS:000173566100044 ER PT S AU Soukoulis, CM AF Soukoulis, CM BE Soukoulis, CM TI 3d photonic crystals: From microwaves to optical frequencies SO PHOTONIC CRYSTALS AND LIGHT LOCALIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Photonic Crystals and Light Localization CY JUN 18-30, 2000 CL LIMIN HERSONISSOU, GREECE SP NATO Sci Affairs Div ID PERIODIC DIELECTRIC STRUCTURES; BAND-GAP MATERIALS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE PROPAGATION; INHIBITED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; NEAR-INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; 2 DIMENSIONS; FABRICATION; EXISTENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; LOCALIZATION AB An overview of the theoretical and experimental efforts in obtaining a photonic band gap, a frequency band in three-dimensional dielectric structures in which electromagnetic waves are forbidden, is presented. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Soukoulis, CM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 0-7923-6947-5 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2001 VL 563 BP 25 EP 40 PG 16 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BS66K UT WOS:000170767900002 ER PT B AU Lin, SY Fleming, JG Chow, E AF Lin, SY Fleming, JG Chow, E BE Soukoulis, CM TI Micro-fabrication and nano-fabrication of photonic crystals SO PHOTONIC CRYSTALS AND LIGHT LOCALIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Photonic Crystals and Light Localization CY JUN 18-30, 2000 CL LIMIN HERSONISSOU, GREECE SP NATO Sci Affairs Div ID NEAR-INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; BAND-GAP STRUCTURES; SLAB; CONFINEMENT; DIFFRACTION; SILICON; MODES C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6947-5 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2001 VL 563 BP 83 EP 91 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BS66K UT WOS:000170767900006 ER PT B AU Biswas, R Ozbay, E Temelkuran, B Bayindir, M Sigalas, MM Ho, KM AF Biswas, R Ozbay, E Temelkuran, B Bayindir, M Sigalas, MM Ho, KM BE Soukoulis, CM TI Applications of photonic crystals to directional antennas SO PHOTONIC CRYSTALS AND LIGHT LOCALIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Photonic Crystals and Light Localization CY JUN 18-30, 2000 CL LIMIN HERSONISSOU, GREECE SP NATO Sci Affairs Div ID BAND C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6947-5 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2001 VL 563 BP 321 EP 328 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BS66K UT WOS:000170767900023 ER PT B AU Jiang, XY Soukoulis, CM AF Jiang, XY Soukoulis, CM BE Soukoulis, CM TI Theory and simulations of random lasers SO PHOTONIC CRYSTALS AND LIGHT LOCALIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Photonic Crystals and Light Localization CY JUN 18-30, 2000 CL LIMIN HERSONISSOU, GREECE SP NATO Sci Affairs Div ID RANDOM-MEDIA; SCATTERING MEDIUM; LIGHT; AMPLIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; GAIN; TRANSMISSION; ABSORPTION; DIFFUSION; EMISSION AB We present a model to simulate the phenomenon of random lasers. It couples Maxwell's equations with the rate equations of electronic population in a disordered system and includes the interaction of EM waves with electrons and the gain is saturable. Finite difference time domain methods are used to obtain the field pattern and the spectra of localized lasing modes inside the system. A critical pumping rate Pc exists for the appearance of the lasing peak(s) for periodic and random systems. The number of lasing modes increases with the pumping rate and the length of the random system. There is a lasing mode repulsion related to localization effects. This property leads to a saturation of the number of modes for a given size system and a relation between the localization length and average mode length L-m. The dynamic processes of the random laser systems are studied. We find some properties for evolving processes of the localized lasing modes. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jiang, XY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6947-5 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2001 VL 563 BP 417 EP 433 PG 17 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BS66K UT WOS:000170767900030 ER PT J AU Mackenzie, C Choudhary, M Larimer, FW Predki, PF Stilwagen, S Armitage, JP Barber, RD Donohue, TJ Hosler, JP Newman, JE Shapleigh, JP Sockett, RE Zeilstra-Ryalls, J Kaplan, S AF Mackenzie, C Choudhary, M Larimer, FW Predki, PF Stilwagen, S Armitage, JP Barber, RD Donohue, TJ Hosler, JP Newman, JE Shapleigh, JP Sockett, RE Zeilstra-Ryalls, J Kaplan, S TI The home stretch, a first analysis of the nearly completed genome of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE complexity; flagella; gene duplication; genome; heme biosythesis; nitrogen oxide reductase; scaffold; sequencing; sigma factors; terminal oxidases ID UNIQUE CIRCULAR CHROMOSOMES; RNA-POLYMERASE HOLOENZYMES; MULTIPLE CHROMOSOMES; RESPONSE REGULATOR; GENE LOCALIZATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SIGMA-FACTORS; DNA-SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES-2.4.1 AB Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 is an alpha-3 purple nonsulfur eubacterium with an extensive metabolic repertoire. Under anaerobic conditions, it is able to grow by photosynthesis, respiration and fermentation. Photosynthesis may be photoheterotrophic using organic compounds as both a carbon and a reducing source, or photoautotrophic using carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source and hydrogen as the source of reducing power. In addition, R. sphaeroides can grow both chemoheterotrophically and chemoautotrophically. The structural components of this metabolically diverse organism and their modes of integrated regulation are encoded by a genome of similar to4.5 Mb in size. The genome comprises two chromosomes CI and CII (2.9 and 0.9 Mb, respectively) and five other replicons. Sequencing of the genome has been carried out by two groups, the Joint Genome Institute, which carried out shotgun-sequencing of the entire genome and The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, which carried out a targeted sequencing strategy of CII. Here we describe our current understanding of the genome when data from both of these groups are combined. Previous work had suggested that the two chromosomes are equal partners sharing responsibilities for fundamental cellular processes. This view has been reinforced by our preliminary analysis of the virtually completed genome sequence. We also have some evidence to suggest that two of the plasmids, pRS241a and pRS241b encode chromosomal type functions and their role may be more than that of accessory elements, perhaps representing replicons in a transition state. C1 Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Oxford OX1 3QU, England. Univ Wisconsin Parkside, Dept Biol Sci, Kenosha, WI 53141 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nottingham, Inst Genet, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. Oakland Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Kaplan, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Donohue, Timothy/0000-0001-8738-2467 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM037509] NR 74 TC 59 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PY 2001 VL 70 IS 1 BP 19 EP 41 DI 10.1023/A:1013831823701 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 512XM UT WOS:000173348900003 PM 16228360 ER PT J AU Hess, WR Rocap, G Ting, CS Larimer, F Stilwagen, S Lamerdin, J Chisholm, SW AF Hess, WR Rocap, G Ting, CS Larimer, F Stilwagen, S Lamerdin, J Chisholm, SW TI The photosynthetic apparatus of Prochlorococcus: Insights through comparative genomics SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE carotenoids; chlorophyll b synthetase; comparative genomics; cyanobacteria high light-inducible proteins; marine picophytoplankton; reaction center; phycobiliprotein; Prochlorococcus; Prochlorophyte Chlorophyll-Binding protein ID LIGHT-INDUCIBLE PROTEINS; MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM PROCHLOROCOCCUS; MULTIPLE EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS; SYNECHOCOCCUS SP PCC-7002; DIVINYL CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHOTOSYSTEM-II GENES; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; SP STRAIN PCC-7942; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AB Within the vast oceanic gyres, a significant fraction of the total chlorophyll belongs to the light-harvesting antenna systems of a single genus, Prochlorococcus. This organism, discovered only about 10 years ago, is an extremely small, Chl b-containing cyanobacterium that sometimes constitutes up to 50% of the photosynthetic biomass in the oceans. Various Prochlorococcus strains are known to have significantly different conditions for optimal growth and survival. Strains which dominate the surface waters, for example, have an irradiance optimum for photosynthesis of 200 mumol photons m(-2) s(-1), whereas those that dominate the deeper waters photosynthesize optimally at 30-50 mumol photons m(-2) s(-1). These high and low light adapted 'ecotypes' are very closely related - less than 3% divergent in their 16S rRNA sequences - inviting speculation as to what features of their photosynthetic mechanisms might account for the differences in photosynthetic performance. Here, we compare information obtained from the complete genome sequences of two Prochlorococcus strains, with special emphasis on genes for the photosynthetic apparatus. These two strains, Prochlorococcus MED4 and MIT 9313, are representatives of high- and low-light adapted ecotypes, characterized by their low or high Chl b/a ratio, respectively. Both genomes appear to be significantly smaller (1700 and 2400 kbp) than those of other cyanobacteria, and the low-light-adapted strain has significantly more genes than its high light counterpart. In keeping with their comparative light-dependent physiologies, MED4 has many more genes encoding putative high-light-inducible proteins (HLIP) and photolyases to repair UV-induced DNA damage, whereas MIT 9313 possesses more genes associated with the photosynthetic apparatus. These include two pcb genes encoding Chl-binding proteins and a second copy of the gene psbA, encoding the Photosystem II reaction center protein D1. In addition, MIT 9313 contains a gene cluster to produce chromophorylated phycoerythrin. The latter represents an intermediate form between the phycobiliproteins of non-Chl b containing cyanobacteria and an extremely modified beta phycoerythrin as the sole derivative of phycobiliproteins still present in MED4. Intriguing features found in both Prochlorococcus strains include a gene cluster for Rubisco and carboxysomal proteins that is likely of non-cyanobacterial origin and two genes for a putative epsilon and beta lycopene cyclase, respectively, explaining how Prochlorococcus may synthesize the alpha branch of carotenoids that are common in green organisms but not in other cyanobacteria. C1 Humboldt Univ, Inst Biol, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Hess, WR (reprint author), Humboldt Univ, Inst Biol, Chausseestr 117, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. NR 118 TC 99 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PY 2001 VL 70 IS 1 BP 53 EP 71 DI 10.1023/A:1013835924610 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 512XM UT WOS:000173348900005 ER PT J AU Meeks, JC Elhai, J Thiel, T Potts, M Larimer, F Lamerdin, J Predki, P Atlas, R AF Meeks, JC Elhai, J Thiel, T Potts, M Larimer, F Lamerdin, J Predki, P Atlas, R TI An overview of the genome of Nostoc punctiforme, a multicellular, symbiotic cyanobacterium SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE cellular differentiation; cyanobacterium; genome analysis; nitrogen fixation; Nostoc punctiforme; oxygenic photosynthesis; symbiosis ID SP STRAIN PCC-7120; ANABAENA SP PCC-7120; HETEROCYST PATTERN-FORMATION; NITROGEN-FIXATION GENES; ANTHOCEROS-PUNCTATUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING PROTEIN; PLANT PARTNER; DNA ELEMENT; DIFFERENTIATION AB Nostoc punctiforme is a filamentous cyanobacterium with extensive phenotypic characteristics and a relatively large genome, approaching 10 Mb. The phenotypic characteristics include a photoautotrophic, diazotrophic mode of growth, but N. punctiforme is also facultatively heterotrophic; its vegetative cells have multiple developmental alternatives, including terminal differentiation into nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and transient differentiation into spore-like akinetes or motile filaments called hormogonia; and N. punctiforme has broad symbiotic competence with fungi and terrestrial plants, including bryophytes, gymnosperms and an angiosperm. The shotgun-sequencing phase of the N. punctiforme strain ATCC 29133 genome has been completed by the Joint Genome Institute. Annotation of an 8.9 Mb database yielded 7432 open reading frames, 45% of which encode proteins with known or probable known function and 29% of which are unique to N. punctiforme. Comparative analysis of the sequence indicates a genome that is highly plastic and in a state of flux, with numerous insertion sequences and multilocus repeats, as well as genes encoding transposases and DNA modification enzymes. The sequence also reveals the presence of genes encoding putative proteins that collectively define almost all characteristics of cyanobacteria as a group. N. punctiforme has an extensive potential to sense and respond to environmental signals as reflected by the presence of more than 400 genes encoding sensor protein kinases, response regulators and other transcriptional factors. The signal transduction systems and any of the large number of unique genes may play essential roles in the cell differentiation and symbiotic interaction properties of N. punctiforme. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Microbiol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Meeks, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Microbiol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 100 TC 165 Z9 180 U1 5 U2 39 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PY 2001 VL 70 IS 1 BP 85 EP 106 DI 10.1023/A:1013840025518 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 512XM UT WOS:000173348900007 ER PT J AU Christianson, AD Bud'ko, SL Schmiedeshoff, GM Beyermann, WP Canfield, PC Boebinger, GS Lacerda, AH AF Christianson, AD Bud'ko, SL Schmiedeshoff, GM Beyermann, WP Canfield, PC Boebinger, GS Lacerda, AH TI High-field c-axis magnetotransport of single crystal YbNi2B2C SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE magnetotransport; heavy electron system; YbNi2B2C ID MAGNETORESISTANCE AB We have measured c-axis magnetotransport properties of the tetragonal YbNi2B2C compound down to 2 K and up to 18 T. Transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistance have been measured with current applied along the c-axis of the tetragonal structure. A well-defined maximum in the magnetoresistance is observed at temperatures below 10 K at approximately 5 T. At higher temperatures the magnetoresistance is always negative and weakens as the temperature is increased. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. Al rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Occidental Coll, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Christianson, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Mail Stop E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016 OI christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00647-5 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800054 ER PT J AU Oomi, G Kagayama, T Mitamura, H Goto, T Cho, BK Canfield, PC AF Oomi, G Kagayama, T Mitamura, H Goto, T Cho, BK Canfield, PC TI Anisotropic magnetic properties of single-crystalline HoNi2B2C at high magnetic fields and high pressure SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE high pressure; boron carbide; electrical resistance; x-ray diffraction ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Magnetostriction and magnetoresistance of single-crystalline HoNi2B2C have been measured at ambient pressure. A large anisotropy was found in the held dependence of these properties. The magnetoresistance was also measured at high pressure up to 2 GPa at low temperature below the superconducting transition temperature (9 K). Several anomalies were found due to the metamagnetic transitions, in which the transition fields increased with increasing pressure. These results will be discussed from a thermodynamical point of view and compared with the anisotropy in the lattice compression. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8108560, Japan. Kumamoto Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1068666, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Oomi, G (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8108560, Japan. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00648-7 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800055 ER PT J AU Harrison, N Goodrich, RG Teklu, A Balicas, L Brooks, JS Young, D Fisk, Z Cooley, JC Smith, JL AF Harrison, N Goodrich, RG Teklu, A Balicas, L Brooks, JS Young, D Fisk, Z Cooley, JC Smith, JL TI The Kondo effect to heavy fermions studied using the de Haas-van Alphen effect SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE heavy fermions; Kondo alloys; UBe13; CeB6; de Haas-van Aphen effect ID METAMAGNETIC TRANSITION; CYCLOTRON MASS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GROUND-STATE; CEB6; UBE13; SURFACE; LATTICE AB In this paper, we briefly review some recent de Haas-van Alphen experiments on two contrasting types of heavy fermion/Kondo systems for varying concentrations x of the impurity ion, Ce or U. In both systems the Fermi surface is observed to vary continuously with x: in CexL1-xB6, the Ce ions behave as Kondo impurities while in UxTh1-xBe13 they do not. In both systems, the f electrons are also found to contribute only partially to the Fermi surface volume, therefore raising questions concerning the applicability of Fermi liquid theory. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Fisk, Z (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 234 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00649-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800056 ER PT J AU Jaime, M Movshovich, R Stewart, GR Beyermann, WP Berisso, MG Canfield, PC AF Jaime, M Movshovich, R Stewart, GR Beyermann, WP Berisso, MG Canfield, PC TI Specific heat of Ce3Bi4Pt3 at 60 T SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE specific heat; Kondo insulators; pulsed magnetic fields ID KONDO INSULATOR CE3BI4PT3; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GAP AB Kondo insulator materials such as CeRhAs, CeRhSb, YbB12, Ce3Bi4Pt3, and SmB6, are 3d, 4f and 5f intermetallic compounds. At high temperatures they behave like metals but a gap d in the conduction band opens at the Fermi energy as the temperature is reduced. It has been proposed that the formation of the low-temperature gap is a consequence of the hybridization between the conduction band and the f-electron levels. If this is true, Kondo metal physics should be recovered when the gap is closed at high magnetic fields. We report here specific heat results of Ce-3 Bi4Pt3 in DC and pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 T. We see evidence for the reduction of the gap in 18 T and a rapid increase of the Sommerfeld coefficient C-H/T\(T -->0) in 30 T > H > 40 T. Numerical results and the analysis of the data with the Coqblin-Schrieffer model prove a field-induced Kondo insulator-to-Kondo metal crossover. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA. Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jaime, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Gomez Berisso, Mariano/0000-0001-5530-0180 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00650-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800057 ER PT J AU Prokes, K Bartashevich, MI Goto, T Nakotte, H Haanappel, EG Syshchenko, A de Boer, FR Lacerda, A Perreira, LCJ Sechovsky, V AF Prokes, K Bartashevich, MI Goto, T Nakotte, H Haanappel, EG Syshchenko, A de Boer, FR Lacerda, A Perreira, LCJ Sechovsky, V TI Metamagnetic transition in U2Pd2In SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE U2Pd2In; antiferromagnet; anisoptropy; metamagnetic transition ID NI; RH; PD; IR; SN AB U2Pd2In exhibits antiferromagnetic (AF) order below T-N = 37 K with a non-collinear magnetic structure of U moments of approximate to 1.6 mu (B)/U confirmed to the basal plane of the tetragonal structure. At 4.2K it exhibits a metamagnetic transition (MT) around 26 T. Previous high-field magnetization measurements on powder samples revealed that the fixed-powder magnetization attains above MT a higher value than the free-powder sample. The temperature dependence of susceptibility of a single crystal shows crossing of the basal plane and the c-axis signals below T-N, the latter one dominating at low T. We present magnetization data obtained on single crystals in fields up to 55 T applied in various crystallographic directions. The observed magnetic anisotropy is attributed to the anisotropic 5f-ligand hybridization, which is forcing the U moments to orient in particular directions. The MT can be induced by a field applied within the basal plane but not in fields up to 55 T along the c-axis. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Kernforsch Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Charles Univ, Dept Elect Struct, Prague 12116 2, Czech Republic. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Ural State Univ, Ekaterinburg 620083, Russia. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys MS3D, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. INSA, LPMC, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France. INSA, SNCMP, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France. Univ Amsterdam, Van Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. LANL, Pulse Facil, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. European Commiss, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Prokes, K (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Kernforsch Berlin GmbH, SF-2,Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RI Sechovsky, Vladimir/A-5256-2008 OI Sechovsky, Vladimir/0000-0003-1298-2120 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 288 EP 291 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00661-X PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800068 ER PT J AU Symington, JA Singleton, J Clayton, N Schlueter, J Kurmoo, M Day, P AF Symington, JA Singleton, J Clayton, N Schlueter, J Kurmoo, M Day, P TI Unexpected additional damping of magnetic quantum oscillations in layered organic conductors in tilted magnetic fields SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE organic molecular metals; magnetic quantum oscillations; high magnetic fields ID ANGLE-DEPENDENT MAGNETORESISTANCE; METALS AB The magnetic-field-orientation dependence of the magnetic quantum oscillations has been measured in two charge transfer salts of the molecule BEDT-TTF. After all conventional mechanisms affecting quantum oscillations have been accounted far using well-understood procedures, we find that the amplitude of the oscillations of both salts has an underlying dependence esp( - alpha tan theta), where theta is the angle between the normal to the highly conducting layers and the magnetic field, and a is a constant. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IPCMS, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. RP Singleton, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 439 EP 441 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00695-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800102 ER PT J AU Wosnitza, J Wanka, S Hagel, J Qualls, JS Brooks, JS Harrison, H Balthes, E Schweitzer, D Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Mohtashame, J Winter, RW Gard, GL AF Wosnitza, J Wanka, S Hagel, J Qualls, JS Brooks, JS Harrison, H Balthes, E Schweitzer, D Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Mohtashame, J Winter, RW Gard, GL TI Unusual magnetic quantum oscillations in organic metals at high magnetic fields SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE organic superconductors; Fermi surface; magnetotransport ID FERMI-LIQUID; KAPPA-(BEDT-TTF)(2)I-3; BEHAVIOR; ANION AB We report on Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) and de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) results for the highly two-dimensional (2D) organic superconductors kappa-(ET)(2)I-3 (T-e = 3.5 K) and beta "-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 (T-c = 4.4 K). The SdH oscillations of both materials show an apparent deviation from the well-understood 2D dHvA signal at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. For kappa-(ET)(2)I-3, the mechanism leading to this behavior still needs to be clarified. For beta "-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3, an anomalous steady background part of the magnetoresistance seems to account for the observed discrepancies. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet FIeld Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 3, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Wosnitza, J (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Phys, Engesserstr 7, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 442 EP 446 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00696-7 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800103 ER PT J AU Takeyama, S Mino, H Adachi, S Stirner, T Hagston, WE Yokoi, H Semenov, YG Tozer, SW Kim, Y Karczewski, G Kossut, J AF Takeyama, S Mino, H Adachi, S Stirner, T Hagston, WE Yokoi, H Semenov, YG Tozer, SW Kim, Y Karczewski, G Kossut, J TI Photoexcited spin states in diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum structures SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE diluted magnetic semiconductor; quantum structure; magnetic polaron; spin; biexciton; interface magnetism ID WELLS; POLARONS AB Exciton photoluminescence in a diluted magnetic asymmetric quantum well has given clear evidence of "asymmetric exciton magnetic polaron states" in magnetic fields. The theoretical calculation to interpret the observed magneto-optical data has clarified the importance of exciton localization associated with the interface disorder and the alloy potential fluctuation in addition to the exciton magnetic polaron formation in the asymmetric diluted magnetic barrier. The possibility of a "bifurcated" exciton states is discussed. The transient four-wave-mixing nonlinear spin selective optical measurements revealed the spin-structure of excitons and biexcitons in diluted magnetic quantum structures. The effects of the magnetic field on biexciton states have been investigated. The photoluminescence transition from the biexciton to exciton states has been investigated in magnetic fields, and the stability of the biexciton states in either bonding (spin singlet) or anti-bonding states (spin triplet) is discussed. We have proposed methods to deduce the interface magnetism in the diluted magnetic quantum structures from the high-field Zeeman splitting of exciton photoluminescence up to 60 T. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Univ Hull, Dept Chem Phys, Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. Natl Inst Mat & Chem Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Takeyama, S (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Inage Ku, 1-33 Yayoi Cho, Chiba 2638522, Japan. RI Kossut, Jacek/K-9481-2016 OI Kossut, Jacek/0000-0001-6165-3169 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 453 EP 458 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00698-0 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800105 ER PT J AU Brandt, BL Hannahs, S Schneider-Muntau, HJ Boebinger, G Sullivan, NS AF Brandt, BL Hannahs, S Schneider-Muntau, HJ Boebinger, G Sullivan, NS TI The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE user facility; high magnetic fields; instrumentation; research in high magnetic fields AB The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) was established in 1990, on the basis of a collaboration between Florida State University (FSU), the University of Florida (UF) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The main campus for the NHMFL is located in Tallahassee, Florida, and its general purpose DC magnetic field facility is described in this paper. The pulsed field facility of the NHMFL is located at LANL in New Mexico; while the high BIT (magnetic field/temperature) facility and the magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy (MRI/S) activities of the laboratory are at UF in Gainesville. The NHMFL maintains at its Tallahassee user facilities the most powerful infrastructure in the world to energize resistive magnets: 36 MW continuously and 40 MW for up to an hour. Continuous magnetic fields from 20 T in a 195 mm bore up to 45 T in 32 mm are available. The infrastructure for the research supported includes magneto-optics (ultraviolet through far infrared), microwave conductivity, millimeter wave spectroscopy, magnetization, specific heat, thermal and electrical transport, tow-to-medium resolution NMR, EMR, materials processing, and the dependence of optical, transport, and magnetic properties on field orientation, pressure (ambient to 15 GPa), and temperatures from 20mK to 800 K. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pulsed Magnet Field Facil, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Microkelvin Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Schneider-Muntau, HJ (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RI Hannahs, Scott/B-1274-2008 OI Hannahs, Scott/0000-0002-5840-7714 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00711-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800118 ER PT J AU Boebinger, GS Lacerda, AH Schneider-Muntau, HJ Sullivan, N AF Boebinger, GS Lacerda, AH Schneider-Muntau, HJ Sullivan, N TI The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory's pulsed magnetic field facility in Los Alamos SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE pulsed magnetic fields; research in high magnetic fields; strongly correlated electron systems ID KONDO INSULATOR CE3BI4PT3; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; STATE AB The NHMFL Pulsed Field Facility in Los Alamos hosts qualified users from around the world to use its 60T Short-Pulse magnets, the 40T Mid-Pulse magnet, and the unique 60T Long-Pulse magnet (featuring shaped pulses capable of 100 ms at 60 T). Scientific capabilities at 60 T include specific heat, magnetization, photoluminescence and magnetotransport. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pulsed Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Microkelvin Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Boebinger, GS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pulsed Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 512 EP 518 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00712-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800119 ER PT J AU Sullivan, NS Xia, JS Adams, ED Boebinger, G Schneider-Muntau, H AF Sullivan, NS Xia, JS Adams, ED Boebinger, G Schneider-Muntau, H TI The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory ultra-high B/T facility SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE ultra-low temperature; high magnetic fields; quantum solids ID QUANTUM AB The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory operates a specialized high BIT facility at the University of Florida to provide access to users of both high magnetic fields and ultra-low temperatures simultaneously. The facility is designed with high refrigeration capabilities to permit studies of a wide range of applications for extended periods of time. An overview of the principal characteristics of the facility and the current scientific areas of interest are presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Microkelvin Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pulsed Magnet Field Facil, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Sullivan, NS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Microkelvin Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 519 EP 522 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00713-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800120 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Bishop, AR Doolen, GD Lopez, GV Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Bishop, AR Doolen, GD Lopez, GV Tsifrinovich, VI TI Influence of non-resonant effects on the dynamics of quantum logic gates at room temperature SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article DE non-resonant effects; quantum logic gates ID COMPUTATION; COMPUTER; DECOHERENCE; DOT AB We study numerically the influence of non-resonant effects on the dynamics of a single-pi -pulse quantum CONTROL-NOT (CN) gate in a macroscopic ensemble of four-spin molecules at room temperature. The four nuclear spins in each molecule represent a four-qubit register. The qubits are "labeled" by the characteristic frequencies, omega (k), (k = 0-3) due to the Zeeman interaction of the nuclear spins with the magnetic field. The qubits interact with each other through an Ising interaction of strength J. The paper examines the feasibility of implementing a single-pulse quantum CN gate in an ensemble of quantum molecules at room temperature. We determine a parameter region, omega (k) and J, in which a single pulse quantum CN gate can be implemented at room temperature. We also show that there exist characteristic critical values of parameters, Delta omega (cr) = \omega (k') - omega (k)\(cr) and J(cr), such that for J < J(cr) and omega (k') = \omega (k') - omega (k)\ < omega (cr), non-resonant effects are sufficient to destroy the dynamics required for quantum logic operations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Guadalajara, Dept Fis, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico. Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Math & Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-13,MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 293 IS 3-4 BP 350 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00555-X PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401LV UT WOS:000166929800020 ER PT J AU Levin, EM Palewski, T Kuzhel, BS AF Levin, EM Palewski, T Kuzhel, BS TI The magnetoresistance of EuCu2(SixGe1-x)(2) solid solutions SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE electric properties; magnetroresistance; Kondo state; rare-earth ternary compounds ID FIELD; FLUCTUATIONS; CECU2SI2; EUROPIUM; EUCU2SI2 AB The paper presents results of measurements of temperature dependencies of the electrical resistance of the alloys EuCu2(SixGe1-x)(2) with 0.5 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.8, in the temperature range 4.2-100K, and the influence of magnetic fields up to 13 T. Temperature and field dependencies of the magnetoresistance of alloys with 0.5 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.7 exhibit a Kondo-like behavior with a negative sign. For x = 0.5, the magnetoresistance changes its sign at the lowest temperatures. This behavior suggests some similarity of the behavior of the compounds under study to that observed in well-known Kondo-lattices such as CeCu2Si2 and CeAl3. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Int Lab High Magnet Fields & Low Temp, PL-53421 Wroclaw, Poland. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lviv State Univ, Inst Appl Phys, UA-290044 Lvov, Ukraine. RP Int Lab High Magnet Fields & Low Temp, Gajowicka Str 95, PL-53421 Wroclaw, Poland. EM paltom@alpha.mlspmint.pan.wroc.pl NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2001 VL 294 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00656-6 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 415TL UT WOS:000167738800063 ER PT J AU Tsu, IF Wang, JL Babcock, SE Polyanskii, AA Larbalestier, DC Sickafus, KE AF Tsu, IF Wang, JL Babcock, SE Polyanskii, AA Larbalestier, DC Sickafus, KE TI Structure and properties of an intragranular weak link in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x single crystals SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; FLUX-PENETRATION; CURRENT FLOW; BICRYSTALS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; BEHAVIOR; MAGNETIZATION; DEFECTS; LIMITS AB Coupled magneto-optic imaging, four-point probe electrical characterization and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of Bi2ST2CaCu2O8+x (2212) single crystals grown by directional solidification has revealed the presence of extensive, lamellar defects that lie parallel to the (010) planes of the structure. These defects block the supercurrent over areas that can reach hundreds of micrometers squared. Diffraction-contrast and high-resolution TEM revealed sheet-shaped defects that lie parallel to the (010) plane and in which the wavelength of the incommensurate modulation is perturbed. These lamellae are a few nanometers wide and, extends to tens to hundreds of micrometers on the (010) plane. The approximate doubling of the wavelength of the incommensurate modulation within these lamellae indicates severe oxygen deficiency. High-spatial-resolution X-ray spectroscopy indicates that the defects are also Ca deficient. These macroscopic defects which are common in directionally-solidified 2212 single crystals, must be recognized in the interpretation of single and synthetic bicrystal data, and may play a role in determining the percolative current path in bulk-scale 2212 materials. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Supercond, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Babcock, SE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008 OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 349 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)01523-9 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 392QE UT WOS:000166422200002 ER PT J AU Lowenstein, DI AF Lowenstein, DI TI BNL accelerator-based radiobiology facilities SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE radiobiology; Booster Applications Facility (BAF); Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) AB For the past several years, the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA) has provided ions of iron, silicon and gold, at energies from 600 MeV/nucleon to 10 GeV/nucleon, for the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) radiobiology research program. NASA has recently funded the construction of a new dedicated ion facility, the Booster Applications Facility (BAF). The Booster synchrotron will supply ion beams ranging from protons to gold, in an energy range from 40-3000 MeV/nucleon with maximum beam intensities of 10(10) to 10(41) ions per pulse. The BAF Project will be described and the future AGS and BAF operation plans will be presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 26 EP 29 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900007 PM 11770532 ER PT J AU Blakely, EA AF Blakely, EA TI New measurements for hadrontherapy and space radiation: Biology SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE hadrontherapy; space radiation; biological effects; clinical data ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; LINEAR-ENERGY-TRANSFER; OUT BRAGG PEAK; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; PROTON THERAPY; IONIZING-RADIATION; HIGH-LET; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; PARTICLE IRRADIATION; UVEAL MELANOMAS AB The dual als of optimizing clinical efficacy of hadrontherapy and determining radiation risk estimates for space research have gh intersected to a common focus for investigation of the biological effects of charged particles. This paper briefly highlights recent international progress at accelerator facilities engaged in both biological and clinical studies of the effects of particle beams, primarily protons, carbon and iron ions. Basic mechanisms of molecular, cellular and tissue responses continue under investigation for radiations with a range of ionization densities. Late normal tissue effects, including the risk of cancer in particular, are of importance for both research fields. International cooperation has enhanced the rate of progress as evidenced by recent publications. Specific areas of biomedical research related to the biological radiotoxicity of critical organs (especially the central nervous system), individual radiosensitivities to radiation carcinogenesis, and the analysis of effects in mixed radiation fields still require more research. Recommendations for addressing these issues are made. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY-10737] NR 120 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 50 EP 58 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900012 PM 11770538 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, A Borak, TH AF Chatterjee, A Borak, TH TI Physical and biological studies with protons and HZE particles in a NASA supported research center in radiation health SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE microdosimetry; DNA damage and repair; mutation; microenvironment ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; CELLS; REPAIR; IRRADIATION; PROMOTES; CORRECT; DAMAGE; MODEL; ENDS AB NASA has established and supports a specialized center for research and training (NSCORT) to specifically address the potential deleterious effects of HZE particles on human health. The NSCORT in radiation health is a joint effort between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and Colorado State University (CSU). The overall scope of research encompasses a broad range of subjects from microdosimetric studies to cellular and tissue responses to initial damage produced by highly energetic protons and heavy charged particles of the type found in galactic cosmic rays (GCR) spectrum. The objectives of the microdosimetry studies are to determine the response of Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) to cosmic rays using ground based accelerators. This includes evaluation of energy loss due to the escape of high-energy delta rays and increased energy deposition due to the enhanced delta ray production in the wall of the detector. In this report major results are presented for Fe-56 at 1000, 740, 600 and 400 MeV/ nucleon. An assessment of DNA repair and early development of related chromosomal changes is extremely important to our overall understanding of enhanced biological effectiveness of high LET particle radiation. Results are presented with respect to the fidelity of the rejoining of double strand breaks and the implications of misrejoining. The relationship between molecular and cytogenetic measurements is presented by studying damage processing in highly heterochromatic sypernumerary X chromosomes and the active X-chromosome. One of the important consequences of cell's inability to handle DNA damage can be evaluated through mutation studies. Part of our goal is the assessment of potential radioprotectors to reduce the mutation yield following HZE exposures, and some promising results are presented on one compound. A second goal is the integration of DNA repair and mutation studies. Results are presented on a direct comparison of initial double strand breaks induction, the time course and fidelity of double strand break rejoining, cell killing and mutation induction in the same human model system. In order to understand the carcinogenic potential of protons and HZE particles, the role of damaged microenvironment in this process must be understood. In this project it has been postulated that radiation affects the microenvironment, which then modifies cell interactions in a manner conducive to neoplastic progression. Both TGF-beta and FGF-2 are important components of microenvironment. A recent result on the assessment of the role Of FGF-2 and its cross-talk with TGF-B as a function of radiation quality is presented. Theoretical modeling has so far played a central role in analyzing and integrating experimental data on repair and mutation studies and predicting new phenomena. The integrated NSCORT program also provides a broad training experience for students and postdoctoral fellows in space radiation health. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900013 PM 11770539 ER PT J AU Kim, MHY Thibeault, SA Wilson, JW Heilbronn, L Kiefer, RL Weakley, JA Dueber, JL Fogarty, T Wilkins, R AF Kim, MHY Thibeault, SA Wilson, JW Heilbronn, L Kiefer, RL Weakley, JA Dueber, JL Fogarty, T Wilkins, R TI Radiation protection using Martian surface materials in human exploration of Mars SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE human exploration; galactic cosmic radiation; Martian regolith; polyimides AB To develop materials for shielding astronauts from the hazards of GCR, natural Martian surface materials are considered for their potential as radiation shielding for manned Mars missions. The modified radiation fluences behind various kinds of Martian rocks and regolith are determined by solving the Boltzmann equation using NASA Langley's HZETRN code along with the 1977 Solar Minimum galactic cosmic ray environmental model. To develop structural shielding composite materials for Martian surface habitats, theoretical predictions of the shielding properties of Martian regolith/polyimide composites has been computed to assess their shielding effectiveness. Adding high-performance polymer binders to Martian regolith to enhance structural properties also enhances the shielding properties of these composites because of the added hydrogenous constituents. Heavy ion beam testing of regolith simulant/polyimide composites is planned to validate this prediction. Characterization and proton beam tests are performed to measure structural properties and to compare the shielding effects on microelectronic devices, respectively. C1 Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 81 EP 83 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900016 PM 11770542 ER PT J AU Singleterry, RC Wilson, JW Shinn, JL Tripathi, RK Thibeault, SA Noor, AK Cucinotta, FA Badavi, FF Chang, CK Qualls, GD Clowdsley, MS Kim, MHY Heinbockel, JH Norbury, J Blattning, SR Miller, J Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, LH AF Singleterry, RC Wilson, JW Shinn, JL Tripathi, RK Thibeault, SA Noor, AK Cucinotta, FA Badavi, FF Chang, CK Qualls, GD Clowdsley, MS Kim, MHY Heinbockel, JH Norbury, J Blattning, SR Miller, J Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, LH TI Creation and utilization of a World Wide Web based space radiation effects code: SIREST SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE space radiation; collaborative design; design optimization; space radiation transport AB In order for humans and electronics to fully and safely operate in the space environment, codes like HZETRN (High Charge and Energy Transport) must be included in any designer's toolbox for design evaluation with respect to radiation damage. Currently, spacecraft designers do not have easy access to accurate radiation codes like HZETRN to evaluate their design for radiation effects on humans and electronics. Today, the World Wide Web is sophisticated enough to support the entire HZETRN code and all of the associated pre and post processing tools. This package is called SIREST (Space Ionizing Radiation Effects and Shielding Tools). There are many advantages to SIREST. The most important advantage is the instant update capability of the web. Another major advantage is the modularity that the web imposes on the code. Right now, the major disadvantage of SIREST will be its modularity inside the designer's system. This mostly comes from the fact that a consistent interface between the designer and the computer system to evaluate the design is incomplete. This, however, is to be solved in the Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE) program currently being funded by NASA. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Virginia, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. Johnson Space Flight Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FDC NYMA Inc, Hampton, VA USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 90 EP 93 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900019 PM 11770545 ER PT J AU Shavers, MR Cucinotta, FA Miller, J Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, L Wilson, JW Singleterry, RC AF Shavers, MR Cucinotta, FA Miller, J Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, L Wilson, JW Singleterry, RC TI Shielded heavy-ion environment linear detector (SHIELD): An experiment for the radiation and technology demonstration (RTD) mission SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE radiation shielding; cosmic radiation; heavy ion fragmentation ID 670A MEV NE-20; 510-MEV/NUCLEON FE-56; TRANSPORT-THEORY; FRAGMENTATION; DEPTH; WATER; POLYETHYLENE AB Radiological assessment of the many cosmic ion species of widely distributed energies requires the Use of theoretical transport models to accurately describe diverse physical processes related to nuclear reactions in spacecraft structures, planetary atmospheres and surfaces, and tissues. Heavy-ion transport models that were designed to characterize shielded radiation fields have been validated through comparison with data from thick-target irradiation experiments at particle accelerators. With the RTD Mission comes a unique opportunity to validate existing radiation transport models and guide the development of tools for shield design. For the first time, transport properties will be measured in free-space to characterize the shielding effectiveness of materials that are likely to be aboard interplanetary space missions. Target materials composed of aluminum, advanced composite spacecraft structure and other shielding materials, helium (a propellant) and tissue equivalent matrices will be evaluated. Large solid state detectors will provide kinetic energy and charge identification for incident heavy-ions and for secondary ions created in the target material. Transport calculations using the HZETRN model suggest that 8 g cm(-2) thick targets would be adequate to evaluate the shielding effectiveness during solar minimum activity conditions for a period of 30 days or more. C1 Loma Linda Univ, SN3 NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 483, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 131 EP 132 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900030 PM 11770530 ER PT J AU Sutherland, JC Monteleone, DC Trunk, JG AF Sutherland, JC Monteleone, DC Trunk, JG TI The integrating ion imager: A device for determining heavy ion doses during irradiations SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE Heavy Ions; space radiobiology; charge coupled device; radiation dose ID STORAGE AB We have designed and built an integrating ion imaging system (I-3) that records the spatial distribution of the dose of heavy ions incident on samples irradiated at the radiobiology beamline of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The images of dose are integrated over the duration of the exposure. Unlike the images formed on X-ray film, these images are linear with the incident dose. Heavy ions are incident on a phosphor that is located just behind the sample position. Visible light emitted from the phosphor is collected by a lens and focused onto a scientific grade charge coupled device (CCD) cooled to about -45 degreesC. The phosphor and CCD camera are integral parts of a modular sample holder designed for irradiating molecular samples, which is easily mounted on the sample platform of the bean-dine. The imager can be adapted to other types of samples. The present CCD image is digitized to 14 bits (16,384 intensity levels), but the dynamic range is extended by adjusting the aperture of the CCD camera lens. Digital images from the CCD are routinely transferred over the BNL local area network for archival storage on a UNIX server, from which they can be opened from any authorized computer with access to the Internet. Images obtained with no sample in place record the dose at all points on the target field. When a sample is in place, an image of the sample appears providing its exact location with respect to fiducial marks recorded for all images. Areas surrounding the image of the sample are used in comparison with companion no-sample images to get exact doses over the sample. The contrast mechanism responsible for image formation is the shift along the Bragg cur-ve resulting from loss of energy of the ions as they pass through the sample not from a change in ion flux reaching the phosphor. The sharpness of the images formed with the DNA samples we have recorded indicates that neither scattering of the incident heavy ions or the generation of secondary ions contribute significantly. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 137 EP 140 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900032 PM 11771538 ER PT J AU Esposito, RD Durante, M Gialanella, G Grossi, G Pugliese, M Scampoli, P Jones, TD AF Esposito, RD Durante, M Gialanella, G Grossi, G Pugliese, M Scampoli, P Jones, TD TI A model of radiation-induced myelopoiesis in space SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE myelopoiesis; space radiation; microgravity; computer code ID SPACEFLIGHT AB Astronauts' radiation exposure limits are based on experimental and epidemiological data obtained on Earth. It is assumed that radiation sensitivity remains the same in the extraterrestrial space. However, human radiosensitivity is dependent upon the response of the hematopoietic tissue to the radiation insult. It is well known that the immune system is affected by microgravity. We have developed a mathematical model of radiation-induced myelopoiesis which includes the effect of microgravity on bone marrow kinetics. It is assumed that cellular radiosensitivity is not modified by the space environment, but repopulation rates of stem and stromal cells are reduced as a function of time in weightlessness. A realistic model of the space radiation environment, including the HZE component, is used to simulate the radiation damage. A dedicated computer code was written and applied to solar particle events and to the mission to Mars. The results suggest that altered myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in microgravity might increase human radiosensitivity in space. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Durante, Marco/K-1315-2014; OI Durante, Marco/0000-0002-4615-553X NR 6 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 181 EP 182 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900046 PM 11771552 ER PT J AU Brooks, AL Bao, S Rithidech, K Chrisler, WB Couch, LA Braby, LA AF Brooks, AL Bao, S Rithidech, K Chrisler, WB Couch, LA Braby, LA TI Induction and repair of HZE induced cytogenetic damage SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE micronuclei; HZE; respiratory epithelial cells; rats ID CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; RADON AB Wistar rats were exposed to high-mass, high energy (HZE) Fe-56 particles (1000 GeV/AMU) using the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). The animals were sacrificed at 1-5 hours or after a 30-day recovery period. The frequency of micronuclei in the tracheal and the deep lung epithelial cells were evaluated. The relative effectiveness of Fe-56, for the induction of initial chromosome damage in the form of micronuclei, was compared to damage produced in the same biological system exposed to other types of high and low-LET radiation. It was demonstrated that for animals sacrificed at short times after exposure, the tracheal and lung epithelial cells, the Fe-56 particles were 3.3 and 1.3 times as effective as (CO)-C-60 in production of micronuclei, respectively. The effectiveness was also compared to that for exposure to inhaled radon, With this comparison, the Fe-56 exposure of the tracheal epithelial cells and the lung epithelial cells were only 0.18 and 0.20 times as effective as radon in the production of the initial cytogenetic damage. It was suggested that the low relative effectiveness was related to potential for 'wasted energy' from the core of the Fe-56 particles. When the animals were sacrificed after 30 days, the slopes of the dose-response relationships, which reflect the remaining level of damage, decreased by a factor of 10 for both the tracheal and lung epithelial cells. In both cases, the slope cl of the dose-response lines were no longer significantly different from zero, and the r(2) values were very high. Lung epithelial cells, isolated from the animals sacrificed hours after exposure, were maintained in culture, and the micronuclei frequency evaluated after 4 and 6 subcultures. These cells were harvested at 24 and 36 days after the exposure. There was no dose-response detected in these cultures and no signs of genomic instability at either sample time. C1 Washington State Univ, Richland, WA USA. Washington State Univ, US Transuranium & Uranium Registry, Richland, WA USA. NYU, Stony Brook, NY USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RI WSU, USTUR/I-1056-2013 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 183 EP 184 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900047 PM 11776254 ER PT J AU Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Schenk, H Sidorkina, O Laval, J Trunk, J Monteleone, D Sutherland, J AF Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Schenk, H Sidorkina, O Laval, J Trunk, J Monteleone, D Sutherland, J TI Clustered DNA damages induced by high and low LET radiation, including heavy ions SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE DNA damage; clustered damages; oxidized bases; abasic sites ID IONIZING-RADIATION; TRACK STRUCTURE; CONSEQUENCES; FRAGMENTS; EVENTS AB Clustered DNA damages - here defined as two or more lesions (strand breaks, oxidized purines, oxidized pyrimidines or abasic sites) within a few helical turns - have been postulated as difficult to repair accurately, and thus highly significant biological lesions. Further, attempted repair of clusters may produce double strand breaks (DSBs). However, until recently, there was no way to measure ionizing radiation-induced clustered damages, except DSB. We recently described an approach for measuring classes of clustered damages (oxidized purine clusters, oxidized pyrimidine clusters, abasic clusters, along with DSB). We showed that ionizing radiation (gamma rays and Fe ions, 1 GeV/amu) does induce such clusters in genomic DNA in solution and in human cells (Sutherland et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000: 97; 103-108). These studies also showed that each damage cluster results from one radiation hit (and its track), thus indicating that they can be induced by very low doses of radiation, i.e. two independent hits are not required for cluster induction. Further, among all complex damages, double strand breaks comprise - at most - similar to 20%, with the other clustered damages being at least 80%. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 8 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 202 EP 204 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900055 PM 11776262 ER PT J AU Gauny, S Wiese, C Kronenberg, A AF Gauny, S Wiese, C Kronenberg, A TI Mechanisms of mutagenesis in human cells exposed to 55 MeV protons SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE protons; mutation; TK1 locus; TP53 ID LOW-ENERGY PROTONS; HETEROZYGOUS AUTOSOMAL LOCUS; RBE-LET RELATIONSHIP; V79 CELLS; LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; MUTATION-INDUCTION; P53 STATUS; X-RAYS; RADIATION; LINES AB Protons re, resent the major type of charged particle radiation in spaceflight environments. The purpose of this study was to assess mutations arising in human lymphoid cells exposed to protons. Mutations were quantitated at the thymidine kinase (TK1) locus in cell lines derived from the same donor: TK6 cells (wt TP53) and WTK1 cells (mutant TP53). WTK1 cells were much more susceptible to mutagenesis following proton exposure than TK6 cells. Intragenic deletions were observed among early-arising TK1 mutants in TK6 cells, but not in WTK1 cells where all of the mutants arose by LOH. Deletion was the predominant mode of LOH in TK6 cells, while allelic recombination was the major mode of LOH in WTK1 cells. Deletions were of variable lengths, from < 1 cM to 64 cM, while mutations that arose by allelic recombination often extended to the telomere. In summary, proton exposures elicited many types of mutations at an autosomal locus in human cells. Most involved large scale loss of genetic information, either through deletion or by recombination. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 235 EP 237 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900065 PM 11776985 ER PT J AU Grosovsky, A Bethel, H Parks, K Ritter, L Giver, C Gauny, S Wiese, C Kronenberg, A AF Grosovsky, A Bethel, H Parks, K Ritter, L Giver, C Gauny, S Wiese, C Kronenberg, A TI Genomic instability in human lymphoid cells exposed to 1 GeV/amu Fe ions SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE genomic instability; Fe ions; human cells ID INDUCED CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; RADIATION; CARCINOGENESIS AB The goal of this study was to assess whether charged particle radiations of importance to spaceflight elicit genomic instability in human TK6 lymphoblasts. The incidence of genomic instability in TK6 cells was assessed similar to 21 days after exposure to 2, 4, or 6 Fe ions (1 GeV/amu, LET= 146 keV/mum). Three indices of instability were used: intraclonal karyotypic heterogeneity, mutation rate analysis at the thymidine kinase (TK1) locus, and re-cloning efficiency. Fifteen of sixty clones demonstrated karyotypic heterogeneity. Five clones had multiple indicators of karyotypic change. One clone was markedly hypomutable and polyploid. Six clones were hypomutable, while 21 clones were imitators. Of these, seven were karyotypically unstable. Six clones had low recloning efficiencies, one of which was a mutator. All had normal karyotypes. In summary, many clones that survived exposure to a low fluence of Fe ions manifested one or more forms of genomic instability that may hasten the development of neoplasia through deletion or by recombination. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 73966] NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 238 EP 240 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900066 PM 11776986 ER PT J AU McNamara, MPJ Bjornstad, KA Chang, PY Chou, W Lockett, SJ Blakely, EA AF McNamara, MPJ Bjornstad, KA Chang, PY Chou, W Lockett, SJ Blakely, EA TI Modulation of lens cell adhesion molecules by particle beams SO PHYSICA MEDICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 1st Interenational Workshop on Space Radiation Research/11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2000 CL ARONA, ITALY SP Italian Space Agcy, European Sci Inst, NASA DE beta 1-integrin; ICAM-1; protons; human lens epithelium ID EXPRESSION; INTEGRIN AB Cell adhesion molecules (CA-Ms) are proteins which anchor cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix (ECM), but whose functions also include signal transduction, differentiation, and apoptosis. We are testing a hypothesis that particle radiations modulate CAM expression and this contributes to radiation-induced lens opacification. We observed dose-dependent changes in the expression of beta1-integrin and ICAM-1 in exponentially-growing and confluent cells of a differentiating human lens epithelial cell model after exposure to particle beams. Human lens epithelial (HLE) cells, less than 10 passages after their initial culture from fetal tissue, were grown on bovine corneal endothelial cell-derived ECM in medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum and supplemented with 5 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). Multiple cell populations at three different stages of differentiation were prepared for experiment: cells in exponential growth, and cells at 5 and 10 days post-confluence. The differentiation status of cells was characterized morphologically by digital image analysis, and biochemically by Western blotting using lens epithelial and fiber cell-specific markers. Cultures were irradiated with single doses (4, 8 or 12 Gy) of 55 MeV protons and, along with unirradiated control samples, were fixed using -20 degreesC methanol at 6 hours after exposure. Replicate experiments and similar experiments with helium ions are in progress. The intracellular localization of beta1-integrin and ICAM-1 was detected by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies specific for each CAM. Cells known to express each CAM were also processed as positive controls. Both exponentially-growing and confluent, differentiating cells demonstrated a dramatic proton-dose-dependent modulation (upregulation for exponential cells, downregulation for confluent cells) and a change in the intracellular distribution of the Pl-integrin, compared to unirradiated controls. In contrast, there was a dose-dependent increase in ICAM-1 immunofluorescence in confluent, but not exponentially-growing cells. These results suggest that proton irradiation downregulates PI-integrin and upregulates ICAM-1, potentially contributing to cell death or to aberrant differentiation via modulation of anchorage and/or signal transduction functions. Quantification of the expression levels of the CAMs by Western analysis is in progress. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTITUTI EDITORIALI E POLGRAFICI INTERNAZIONALI PI PISA PA CASELLA POSTALE N 1, SUCCURSALE N 8, 56123 PISA, ITALY SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP 247 EP 248 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 480LB UT WOS:000171461900068 PM 11776988 ER PT J AU Causey, RA Venhaus, TJ AF Causey, RA Venhaus, TJ TI The use of tungsten in fusion reactors: A review of the hydrogen retention and migration properties SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Solids CY MAY 17-19, 2000 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Royal Inst Technol, Manne Siegbahn Lab, City Stockholm ID DEUTERIUM RETENTION; ION; RECOMBINATION; PERMEATION; BERYLLIUM; CARBON AB In the past the role of tungsten as a fusion reactor plasma-facing material has been fairly limited. It has appeared sparingly in tokamaks, but usually only for experimental purposes. This is likely to change in the future. Tungsten has a very high threshold for sputtering as well as a high melting point and high thermal conductivity. Applications of tungsten in areas where the energy of the plasma particles can be kept below the sputtering threshold removes the plasma impurity problem often associated with the use of tungsten in fusion reactors. In the area of recycling and retention, tungsten is unlike carbon and beryllium in that hydrogen appears to stay in solution in the metal (at least at low concentrations) and diffuse somewhat classically. This paper presents a review of the hydrogen isotope retention and migration properties of tungsten as they relate to fusion applications. The review is begun with an examination of past experiments on the diffusivity solubility, and permeability of hydrogen in tungsten. Fusion specific topics such as implantation and surface effects are then covered. Trapping is shown to be an important aspect of understanding hydrogen transport in this material. Blister and bubble formation are also addressed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Causey, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 32 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 18 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T94 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.094a00009 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 485HT UT WOS:000171748000002 ER PT J AU Schneider, D Hamza, A AF Schneider, D Hamza, A TI 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions - Berkeley, California, USA, July 30-August 2, 2000 - Foreword SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schneider, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 9 EP 9 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2001/T92/E01 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100001 ER PT J AU Morozov, VA Meyer, FW AF Morozov, VA Meyer, FW TI Target orientation dependence of the backscattered intensities and charge fractions observed for large angle quasi-binary collisions of Arq+ ions with Au(110) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID SURFACE AB Using a time-of-flight technique we have investigated the flux intensity variations for 5 keV Arq+ ions (q + 2,7,9,11) backscattered from Au(110) by 120 degrees in quasi-binary collisions. A strong dependence on target orientation is found for the neutral flux, while for the charged components only a weak dependence is seen. An analysis of the observed dependences based on trajectory simulations clearly shows site-specific neutralization differences between the various possible binary collisions and a role of reionization processes in formation of multiply charged scattered ions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morozov, VA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00031 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100005 ER PT J AU Brauning, H Mokler, PH Liesen, D Bosch, F Franzke, B Kramer, A Kozhuharov, C Ludziejewski, T Ma, X Nolden, F Steck, M Stohlker, T Dunford, RW Kanter, EP Bednarz, G Warczak, A Stachura, Z Tribedi, L Kambara, T Dauvergne, D Kirsch, R Cohen, C AF Brauning, H Mokler, PH Liesen, D Bosch, F Franzke, B Kramer, A Kozhuharov, C Ludziejewski, T Ma, X Nolden, F Steck, M Stohlker, T Dunford, RW Kanter, EP Bednarz, G Warczak, A Stachura, Z Tribedi, L Kambara, T Dauvergne, D Kirsch, R Cohen, C TI Multiple electron capture by 46 MeV/u Pb81+ ions from solid targets SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID HIGHLY CHARGED IONS; ATOM COLLISIONS; HOLLOW ATOMS; EXCITATION; IONIZATION; SURFACE; BARE; ESR AB Significant multiple electron capture has been found in collisions of 46 MeV/u Pb81+ ions with thin carbon foils. An increase in the many-electron capture probability has been observed for the thinnest targets, which is contrary to the normally assumed process of subsequent single-electron capture in the bulk. This shows the significant contribution of the surface for multiple electron capture, Further evidence is found for a strongly reduced capture probability from the exit surface as compared to the entrance surface. Absolute yields for electron capture and projectile ionization are presented and discussed within a Monte-Carlo simulation. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch MBH, D-46291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Giessen, Inst Kernphys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. INP, Krakow, Poland. Tata Inat, Mumbai, India. Univ Lyon 1, INPL, F-69365 Lyon, France. Univ Lyon 1, IN2P3, F-69365 Lyon, France. Univ Paris 07, GPS, Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, GPS, Paris, France. RP Brauning, H (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch MBH, Planckstr 1, D-46291 Darmstadt, Germany. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100008 ER PT J AU Tajima, T Kishimoto, Y Masaki, T AF Tajima, T Kishimoto, Y Masaki, T TI Cluster fusion SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 03-07, 2000 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID INTENSE LASER-PULSES; PLASMAS AB Clustered materials strongly couple with intense laser radiation. The instantaneous conversion of laser energy into electron energy and subsequent conversion into ion energy leads to an efficient rapid laser energy injection into high energy (> 10 keV) components of ions. This property of the laser-cluster interaction allows us to suggest compact ways to trigger nuclear fusion. A compact pulsed neutron source as well as a compact fusion reactor ale considered. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. RP Tajima, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T89 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.089a00045 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 402LT UT WOS:000166989200011 ER PT J AU Para, A AF Para, A TI Neutrino oscillation experiments at Fermilab SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scandinavian NeutrinO Workshop (SNOW) CY FEB 08-10, 2001 CL UPPSALA UNIV, ANGSTROM LAB, UPPSALA, SWEDEN HO UPPSALA UNIV, ANGSTROM LAB AB Neutrino oscillations provide an unique opportunity to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. Fermilab is constructing two new neutrino beams and detectors to provide decisive test of two of the recent positive indications for neutrino oscillations: the MiniBOONE experiment will settle the LSND controversy, MINOS will provide detailed information in the region indicated by the SuperK results. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Para, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Pine St, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T93 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.093a00065 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 463RC UT WOS:000170490200011 ER PT J AU Federici, G Brooks, JN Iseli, M Wu, CH AF Federici, G Brooks, JN Iseli, M Wu, CH TI In-vessel tritium retention and removal in ITER-FEAT SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Carbon Materials CY SEP 18-19, 2000 CL HOHENKAMMER CASTLE, GERMANY ID BERYLLIUM AB Erosion of the divertor and first-wall plasma-facing components, tritium uptake in the re-deposited films, and direct implantation in the armour material surfaces surrounding the plasma, represent crucial physical issues that affect the design of future fusion devices. In this paper we present the derivation, and discuss the results, of current predictions of tritium inventory in ITER-FEAT due to co-deposition and implantation and their attendant uncertainties. The current armour materials proposed for ITER-FEAT are beryllium on the first-wall, carbon-fibre-composites on the divertor plate near the separatrix strike points. to withstand the high thermal loads expected during off-normal events, e.g.. disruptions, and tungsten elsewhere in the divertor. Tritium co-deposition with chemically eroded carbon in the divertor, and possibly with some Be eroded from the first-wall, is expected to represent the dominant mechanism of in-vessel tritium retention in ITER-FEAT. This demands efficient in-situ methods of mitigation and retrieval to avoid frequent outages due to the reaching of precautionary operating limits set by safety considerations (e.g., similar to 350g of in-vessel co-deposited tritium) and for fuel economy reasons. Priority areas where further R&D work is required to narrow the remaining uncertainties are also briefly discussed. C1 ITER Garching Joint Work Site, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ITER Naka Joint Work Site, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EFDA Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Federici, G (reprint author), ITER Garching Joint Work Site, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T91 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.091a00076 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 455QL UT WOS:000170038200016 ER PT J AU Brown, GV Beiersdorfer, P Boyce, KR Gendreau, KC Gu, MF Gygax, J Kahn, SM Kelley, R Porter, FS Savin, DW Utter, SB AF Brown, GV Beiersdorfer, P Boyce, KR Gendreau, KC Gu, MF Gygax, J Kahn, SM Kelley, R Porter, FS Savin, DW Utter, SB TI Measurements of atomic parameters of highly charged ions for interpreting astrophysical spectra SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID X-RAY-SPECTRUM; FE-XVII; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; ACTIVE-REGION; TRAP; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; EXCITATION AB High-resolution X-ray spectra obtained by the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission put new demands on atomic data including line positions, excitation cross sections, and radiative rates of cosmically-abundant highly-charged ions. To address this need, we are performing measurements of the line emission from ions of cosmically abundant elements. The data are obtained at the LLNL Electron Beam Ion Trap and focus on cross sections for electron-impact excitation, dielectronic recombination, and resonance excitation as well as atomic structure measurements. We find that ratios of the electron-impact excitation cross sections of singlet and triplet levels are systematically different from the calculated values in the case of many highly charged ions. This, for example, has a profound impact on inferring optical depths from solar and stellar atmospheres. Moreover, new line identifications are presented that resolve some long-standing puzzles in the interpretation of solar data, and the importance of resonance contributions to the spectral emission is assessed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Swales & Associates, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Brown, GV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610; NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00130 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100029 ER PT J AU Oliver, BM Garner, FA Hamilton, ML Venhaus, TJ Causey, RA Maloy, SA AF Oliver, BM Garner, FA Hamilton, ML Venhaus, TJ Causey, RA Maloy, SA TI Hydrogen release from 800-MeV proton-irradiated tungsten rods SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Solids CY MAY 17-19, 2000 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Royal Inst Technol, Manne Siegbahn Lab, City Stockholm ID DEUTERIUM AB For the Accelerator Production of Tritium Project (APT), spallation neutrons will be moderated and then absorbed in He-3 gas to produce tritium. The spallation neutrons mill be generated by the interaction of high energy (similar to1 GeV) protons with solid tungsten rods or cylinders. A byproduct of the spallation reactions is large amounts of helium and hydrogen gas generated in the rods and other structural materials. The release kinetics of these gases during various proposed off-normal scenarios involving loss of coolant and afterheat-induced rises in temperature is of particular interest to the APT Project. In addition, however, this data is of interest for fusion reactors where tungsten used in a tokamak divertor will also be exposed to neutrons. In this case, the generated protium will be accompanied by deuterium and tritium diffusing in from the plasma-facing surface. Tungsten rods irradiated with 800 MeV protons in the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANCE) to high exposures have been sectioned to produce small specimens suitable for measurement of both hydrogen and helium. Hydrogen evolution was measured by subjecting the specimens to a simulated temperature ramp from similar to 200 to similar to 1200 degreesC, similar to that expected due to a loss of coolant and subsequent afterheat. The release measurements were conducted using mass spectrometric techniques. Four release peaks at temperatures of approximately 550, 850, 1100 and 1200 degreesC were observed, initially suggesting a number of trapping sites with different binding energies. Subsequent analysis, however, showed that the observed peaks were artifacts of the temperature heating profile, and that the release curve could be duplicated using a single trap energy of 1.4 eV. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Oliver, BM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T94 BP 137 EP 140 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.094a00137 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 485HT UT WOS:000171748000021 ER PT J AU Holder, JP Gruber, L DeWitt, HE Beck, BR Church, DA Schneider, D AF Holder, JP Gruber, L DeWitt, HE Beck, BR Church, DA Schneider, D TI Molecular dynamics simulations of collisional cooling of highly charged ions in a penning trap SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS AB Molecular dynamics simulations of the cooling of highly-charged ions captured into a Penning ion trap (RETRAP) along with Be+ ions are described. Experimentally, the Be+ ions were directly cooled continuously using a laser, and collisional coupling to these laser-cooled ions cooled the highly-charged ions. The simulation is described as a tool for experimental interpretation and refinement. Under conditions closely related to the experimental parameters, the highly charged ions were found to form ordered structures, and to exhibit characteristics of a magnetized non-neutral plasma. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Holder, JP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 158 EP 161 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00158 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100038 ER PT J AU Leitner, MA Lyneis, CM Taylor, CE Abbott, SR AF Leitner, MA Lyneis, CM Taylor, CE Abbott, SR TI Construction of the superconducting ECR ion source venus SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS AB A new, very high magnetic field superconducting ECR ion source, VENUS, is under development at the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron. It will boost the maximum energies and intensities for heavy ions from the cyclotron particularly for ions with mass greater than 60. It will also serve as R&D ion source for the proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) project in the US, which requires up to 10 p muA of U30+. The superconducting magnet structure consists of three solenoids and six racetrack coils with iron poles forming the sextupole. The coils are designed to generate a 4 Taxial mirror field at injection and 3 Tat extraction and a radial sextupole field of 2.4 Tat the plasma chamber wall. Test results of the magnet coils, which exceeded design requirements with minimum training, are presented. The magnet assembly with its cryostat will be enclosed by an iron shield and therefore must be designed to withstand any possible forces between coils and iron, which can be as high as 3.4.10(5) N (35,000 kgf). The low energy beam transport line (LEBT) and mass analyzing system of the ion source is designed to transport a proton-equivalent current of 25 mA at 20 kV extraction voltage. The design of the ion source and LEBT will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leitner, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 88, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 171 EP 173 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00171 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100042 ER PT J AU Lukic, DV Focke, PR Koncz, C Morozov, VA Meyer, FW Sellin, IA AF Lukic, DV Focke, PR Koncz, C Morozov, VA Meyer, FW Sellin, IA TI Autoionization of doubly and triply excited states of Li+ and Li produced in Li3+ ion collision with C60 ' Ar and Xe SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS AB Autoionization spectra of doubly and triply excited Li atoms and doubly excited states of Li+ have been recorded. The excited Li atoms and Li+ ions were created by impacting 30 KeV Li3+ ions On C-60, Ar and Xe target. The spectra reveal previously unresolved structures which are tentatively assigned. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-840 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Inst Phys, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. RP Lukic, DV (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Lukic, Dragan/F-8896-2010 OI Lukic, Dragan/0000-0003-2257-3742 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 174 EP 175 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00174 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100043 ER PT J AU Meyer, FW Morozov, VA Datz, S Vane, R AF Meyer, FW Morozov, VA Datz, S Vane, R TI Charge fraction measurements for 2.4-35 keV Arq+(q=2-13) projectiles backscattered from Au(110) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID AR IONS; SURFACE; SCATTERING; DEPENDENCE AB We report on measurements of absolute scattered projectile charge fractions for Arq+ ions (q = 2-13) with incident energies in the range 2.4-35 keV, that have been 120 degrees backscattered from Au(110) in quasi-binary collisions. Use of a time-of-flight technique that incorporates a biased drift region permitted full separation of all scattered charged states, including neutrals. At fixed projectile energy, the scattered ion fractions are relatively independent of incident charge state until the projectile L-shell is opened, at which point large enhancements are observed, amounting for 2+ scattered ions to more than a factor of twenty. For fixed projectile charge state, the scattered neutral fractions all decrease monotonically with increasing energy, with the higher (q > 1) charge fractions showing a corresponding increase, while the q = 1 fractions initially rise to an extremum. and then fall off with yet higher incident energies. Comparisons are made with the recent experimental results of Pesic et al. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meyer, FW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 182 EP 184 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00182 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100046 ER PT J AU Schenkel, T Hamza, AV Newman, MW Machicoane, G McDonald, JW Schneider, DH Wu, KJ Liechtenstein, VK AF Schenkel, T Hamza, AV Newman, MW Machicoane, G McDonald, JW Schneider, DH Wu, KJ Liechtenstein, VK TI Transport of hollow atoms through thin dielectric films SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; ENERGY-LOSS; CARBON TARGETS; SLOW; INSULATORS; SURFACES; VELOCITY; SOLIDS; FOILS; TIME AB We have determined exit charge states and energy losses of slow, highly charged gold ions after transmission of thin (7 +/- 3 nm) diamond Eke carbon foils. Average charge states of up to 37+ were observed for Th80+ at 8.2 keV/u (0.57 nu (Bohr)). The final charge state is populated through re-arrangement processes after the projectile has left the foil. High final charge states indicate that none of the M-shell vacancies in Th80+ could be filled inside the foil. The increase of the average exit charge state as a function of M-shell vacancies is a sign of strongly enhanced X-ray fluorescent yields for hollow atom decay in vacuum. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Charles Evans & Associates, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. RRC Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tschenkel@lbl.gov; hamza1@llnl.gov; michael.mewman@lamrc.com; mcdonald6@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 208 EP 210 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00208 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100054 ER PT J AU Seliger, M Tokesi, K Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J Takabayashi, Y Ito, T Komaki, K Azuma, T Yamazaki, Y AF Seliger, M Tokesi, K Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J Takabayashi, Y Ito, T Komaki, K Azuma, T Yamazaki, Y TI Relativistic electron transport through carbon foils SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS AB We present a theoretical study of convoy electron emission resulting from transmission of relativistic 390 MeV/amu Ar17+ ions through carbon foils of various thicknesses. Our approach is based on a Langevin equation describing the random walk of the electron initially bound to the argon nucleus and later in the continuum, The calculated spectra of ejected electrons in the forward direction exhibit clear signatures of multiple scattering and are found to be in good agreement with recent experimental data. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Inst Phys, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Appl Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, ATOMKI, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Seliger, M (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RI Azuma, Toshiyuki/B-7471-2015; Yamazaki, Yasunori/N-8018-2015; OI Yamazaki, Yasunori/0000-0001-5712-0853; Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00211 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100055 ER PT J AU Vernhet, D Fourment, C Lamour, E Rozet, JP Gervais, B Dube, LJ Martin, F Minami, T Reinhold, CO Seliger, M Burgdorfer, J AF Vernhet, D Fourment, C Lamour, E Rozet, JP Gervais, B Dube, LJ Martin, F Minami, T Reinhold, CO Seliger, M Burgdorfer, J TI Transport of Kr35+ inner-shells through solid carbon foils SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID FAST IONS; STATES; EXCITATION; HYDROGEN AB New experimental data on the transport of Kr35+ inner-shells initially populated either by capture or by excitation processes are presented. Absolute Lyman (np --> 1s) intensities, directly related to the np state populations, as well as 3l(j) substate populations have been determined over a range of carbon target thickness allowing to study the transport from single collision conditions to equilibrium. Results are compared with predictions of different transport simulations which take into account multiple collisions, the strong target polarization induced by the incoming HCI (the wake field), and radiative decay. Very good agreement is found between theory and experiment for the np populations up to n = 5 where induced wake mixing becomes visible. The simulations also explain the behavior of the 3l(j) populations of Kr35+ which exhibit a strong sensitivity to the presence of radiative decay during transport and the effective value of the wake field. C1 Univ Paris 07, CNRS UMR 75 88, GPS, F-75251 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 75 88, GPS, F-75251 Paris, France. CEA, CNRS UMR 66 37, ISMRA, CIRIL, F-14070 Caen, France. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Quim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Laval, Dept Phys, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Vernhet, D (reprint author), Univ Paris 07, CNRS UMR 75 88, GPS, F-75251 Paris 05, France. RI Martin, Fernando/C-3972-2014; OI Martin, Fernando/0000-0002-7529-925X; Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00233 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100062 ER PT J AU Wutte, D Leitner, MA Lyneis, CM AF Wutte, D Leitner, MA Lyneis, CM TI Emittance measurements for high charge state ion beams extracted from the AECR-U ion source SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS AB In order to investigate the ion-optical parameters of the A-ECR-U injection line into the 88-Inch Cyclotron, an electrostatic-deflection-type emittance scanner has been designed and constructed. It allows fast on-line measurements, while tuning the ion beam through the cyclotron. Emittance measurements have been performed for various high charge state ions. First results indicate a strong mass dependence of the normalized beam emittance. For example the normalized rms emittance for protons (0.24 pi (.)mm(.)mrad) is four times higher than for O6+ (0.06 pi (.)mm(.)mrad) and about 8 times higher than Kr19+ (0.03 pi (.)mm(.)mrad). Furthermore it was found, that the emittance values are approximately independent of the current at the medium ion beam intensities. The predominant factor on the beam emittance is shown to be the plasma stability. The emittance measurements and the results are discussed in the paper. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wutte, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 88, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 247 EP 249 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00247 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100066 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P Britten, JA Brown, GV Chen, H Clothiaux, EJ Cottam, J Forster, E Gu, MF Harris, CL Kahn, SM Lepson, JK Neill, PA Savin, DW Schulte-Schrepping, H Schweikhard, L Smith, AJ Trabert, E Tschischgale, J Utter, SB Wong, KL AF Beiersdorfer, P Britten, JA Brown, GV Chen, H Clothiaux, EJ Cottam, J Forster, E Gu, MF Harris, CL Kahn, SM Lepson, JK Neill, PA Savin, DW Schulte-Schrepping, H Schweikhard, L Smith, AJ Trabert, E Tschischgale, J Utter, SB Wong, KL TI Current research with highly charged ions in EBIT-II and SuperEBIT SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID X-RAY SPECTROMETER; 1S2S S-3(1) LEVEL; TRAP LIFETIME MEASUREMENT; ZN-LIKE IONS; CU-LIKE; RADIATIVE LIFETIME; ALPHA TRANSITIONS; M1 TRANSITION; ENERGY-LEVELS; GROUND-STATE AB Using both the LLNL high-voltage electron beam ion trap, SuperEBIT, and its low-energy counterpart, EBIT-II, we are currently performing spectroscopic measurements with electron beam energies ranging from 150 eV to 150 keV on ions ranging from near neutral Ne to ions as highly charged as Tl80+ Our measurements span photon energies from visible light to hard X-rays and focus on electron-ion interaction cross sections, line identifications and QED measurements, the determination of nuclear parameters, the investigation of charge transfer reactions, and radiative transition rates. An overview of some of the new instrumentation and a subset of the current experiments is given. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div High Temp Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantenelekt, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DESY, Hamburger Synchrontronstschlungslab, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Morehouse Coll, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div High Temp Phys, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 268 EP 271 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00268 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100073 ER PT J AU Chen, H Beiersdorfer, P Harris, CL Trabert, E Utter, SB Wong, KL AF Chen, H Beiersdorfer, P Harris, CL Trabert, E Utter, SB Wong, KL TI Optical spectra from highly charged ions SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID TRAP; KR22+ AB Optical spectra of Ne, Ar and Kr have been excited in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). A prism spectrograph was used for broad band (3700-6000 Angstrom) spectral surveys with moderate resolution to establish the excitation thresholds and thus the charge states of transitions in highly charged ions. A high-resolution transmission grating spectrometer for high precision measurements yielded detailed spectra. The "inverted traps' technique was employed for in situ wavelength calibrations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 284 EP 286 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00284 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100078 ER PT J AU Neu, R Fournier, KB Bolshukhin, D Dux, R AF Neu, R Fournier, KB Bolshukhin, D Dux, R TI Spectral lines from highly charged Tungsten ions in the soft-X-ray region for quantitative diagnostics of fusion plasmas SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; TRANSITIONS; TOKAMAKS; RANGE; RE AB X-ray spectra in the range from 5.5 to 19 Angstrom from highly charged tungsten (Z = 74) ions were recorded in the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade from plasma discharges with electron temperatures up to 5 keV. Lines emitted from W39+ to W50+ were identified by comparison with ab initio calculations using the fully relativistic parametric potential code RELAC. In the short wavelength region the measured spectra could be simulated to a high degree of coincidence by using ion density distributions from impurity transport calculations and line intensities calculated by a collision al-radiative model, whereas in the long wavelength region not all of the stronger predicted lines are found. The measured absolute intensities from several spectral lines are used to calculate the tungsten density present in the tokamak plasma. The extracted tungsten concentrations are in the range of 10(-5)-10(-4) indicating that a sensitive W impurity diagnostic can be based on the presented spectral lines. C1 IPP EURATOM Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Neu, R (reprint author), IPP EURATOM Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Neu, Rudolf /B-4438-2010 OI Neu, Rudolf /0000-0002-6062-1955 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 307 EP 310 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00307 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100085 ER PT J AU Gwinner, G Savin, DW Schwalm, D Wolf, A Schippers, S Muller, A Badnell, NR Chen, MH AF Gwinner, G Savin, DW Schwalm, D Wolf, A Schippers, S Muller, A Badnell, NR Chen, MH TI Dielectronic recombination of iron L-shell ions SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS AB An experimental program to study low temperature dielectronic recombination (DR) in the iron L-shell ions Fe(17+) to Fe(23+) is currently in progress at the TSR heavy-ion storage ring in Heidelberg, Germany L-shell iron ions play an important role in determining the line emission and thermal and ionization structures of cosmic photoionized plasmas. Successful modelling of these plasmas requires accurate ionization and recombination rates, particularly for low temperature DR which is the dominant recombination mechanism for most iron ions in photoionized plasmas. The dependence of DR on the detailed atomic structure makes it challenging to determine the needed DR rate coefficients theoretically, especially in many-electron systems. Our systematic survey of Li- to F-like Fe-ions is designed to produce high-resolution DR spectra which can be used to benchmark theory for ions of increasing complexity and to provide absolute low-temperature DR rates required in astrophysics. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Kernphys, D-6300 Giessen, Germany. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Gwinner, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM gerald.gwinner@mpi-hd.mpg.de RI Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008; Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138; Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 319 EP 321 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00319 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100089 ER PT J AU Ionescu, DC Sorensen, AH Belkacem, A AF Ionescu, DC Sorensen, AH Belkacem, A TI Photoionization at relativistic energies SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID PAIR AB At MeVenergies and beyond the inner-shell vacancy production cross section associated with the photoelectric and Compton effect decrease with increasing photon energy. However, when the photon energy exceeds twice the rest energy of the electron, ionization of a bound electron may be catalyzed by the creation of an electron-positron pair. Distinctly different from all other known mechanisms for inner-shell vacancy production by photons, we show that the cross section for this "vacuum-assisted photoionization" increases with increasing photon energy and then saturates. As a main result, we predict that vacuum-assisted photoionization will dominate the other known photoionization mechanisms in the highly relativistic energy regime. C1 GSI Darmstadt, Atom Phys Grp, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Theoret Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ionescu, DC (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, Atom Phys Grp, Planck Str 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 330 EP 331 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00330 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100093 ER PT J AU Bednarz, G Warczak, A Swiat, P Stohlker, T Beyer, H Bosch, F Dunford, RW Hagmann, S Kanter, EP Kozhuharov, C Kramer, A Liesen, D Ludziejewski, T Ma, X Mokler, PH Stachura, Z AF Bednarz, G Warczak, A Swiat, P Stohlker, T Beyer, H Bosch, F Dunford, RW Hagmann, S Kanter, EP Kozhuharov, C Kramer, A Liesen, D Ludziejewski, T Ma, X Mokler, PH Stachura, Z TI Double electron capture in relativistic U92+ collisions observed at the ESR gas-jet target SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID ION ATOM COLLISIONS AB Processes associated with double electron capture into bare U92+-ions have been observed under single collision conditions, Regions of very low cross sections, close to mbarn, have been explored successfully In particular, an attempt to register photons with twice the energy of single K-REC photons has been performed. Moreover, K-REC spectra associated with double charge exchange have been analysed in terms of their angular distribution. As a result, evidence for correlated electron capture has been found. C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Nucl Studies, Otwock, Poland. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bednarz, G (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Reymonta 4, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 429 EP 431 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00429 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100123 ER PT J AU Stohlker, T Ma, X Ludziejewski, T Beyer, HF Bosch, F Brinzanescu, O Dunford, RW Eichler, J Hagmann, S Ichihara, A Kozhuharov, C Kramer, A Liesen, D Mokler, PH Stachura, Z Swiat, P Warczak, A AF Stohlker, T Ma, X Ludziejewski, T Beyer, HF Bosch, F Brinzanescu, O Dunford, RW Eichler, J Hagmann, S Ichihara, A Kozhuharov, C Kramer, A Liesen, D Mokler, PH Stachura, Z Swiat, P Warczak, A TI Radiative electron capture studied for bare, decelerated uranium ions SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID RELATIVISTIC ATOMIC-COLLISIONS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION AB By applying the deceleration technique for bare uranium ions at the ESR storage ring we studied the Radiative Electron Capture process in collisions with low-Z target atoms. This allowed us to extend the current information about the time-reversed photoionization process of highly-charged heavy ions to much lower energies than those accessible for neutral heavy elements in the direct reaction channel. The angular differential data obtained prove theoretical predictions that at high-Z higher-order multipole contributions and magnetic corrections play an important role even at energies close to the threshold. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. IMP, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland. Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, Bucharest 76900, Romania. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Kernforsch Berlin GmbH, Bereich Theoret Phys, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Stohlker, T (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 432 EP 434 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100124 ER PT J AU Trabert, E AF Trabert, E TI Precise measurement of millisecond atomic lifetimes with heavy-ion storage ring and EBIT SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID FORBIDDEN TRANSITION RATES; MAGNETIC DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; 1S2S S-3(1) LEVEL; GROUND-CONFIGURATION; METASTABLE LEVELS; BE-LIKE; TRAP; INTERCOMBINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; KR22+ AB Atomic lifetime measurements in the millisecond range have provided transition rates of intercombination and forbidden transitions in a number of ions. However, at the often claimed high level of precision, discrepancies appear between the results from different devices (Kingdon-type electrostatic ion trap, radiofrequency ion trap, electron beam ion trap and heavy-ion storage ring) measuring the same or comparable atomic systems. This calls for an assessment of the quality of typical measurements. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Liege, IPNE, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Univ Liege, IPNE, Sart Tilman B15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 444 EP 446 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100128 ER PT J AU Kink, I Laming, JM Takacs, E Porto, JV Gillaspy, JD Silver, E Schnopper, H Bandler, SR Barbera, M Brickhouse, N Murray, S Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE AF Kink, I Laming, JM Takacs, E Porto, JV Gillaspy, JD Silver, E Schnopper, H Bandler, SR Barbera, M Brickhouse, N Murray, S Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE TI Microcalorimeter/EBIT measurements of X-ray spectra of highly charged ions SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID FE-XVII; PLASMAS AB Spectra of highly charged At, Kr, Xe and Fe ions, produced in an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT), have been recorded in a broad X-ray energy band (0.2 keV to 10 keV) with a microcalorimeter detector. The first analysis of the Kr spectra has been completed and most of the spectral lines have been identified as transitions of B- to Al-like Kr. Line intensity ratios of Fe XVII have been measured and compared with theoretical models. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osservatorio Astron GS Vaiana, Palermo, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kink, I (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473; Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 454 EP 456 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00454 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100131 ER PT J AU Pasternak, MP Taylor, RD AF Pasternak, MP Taylor, RD TI Pressure-induced metallization and electronic-magnetic properties of some Mott insulators SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Pressure Semiconductor Physics (HPSP9) CY SEP 24-28, 2000 CL SAPPORO, JAPAN SP Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc High Pressure Sci & Technol ID MOSSBAUER; COLLAPSE; FE2O3; GPA AB Combining the techniques of Mossbauer spectroscopy, synchrotron XRD, and electrical resistivity in conjunction with diamond-anvil cells has enabled us to discover and study new phenomena in magnetism and electronic correlations at high density. It is shown that Hund's rule concerning the high-spin state in transition metal (TM) compounds does not always hold at high pressures, resulting in a spin-crossover and collapse of the magnetic state for even-valence TM ions and for a decline of the magnetic exchange for odd-valence ions. This mechanism is in competition with the breakdown of the d-d electron correlation (Mott transition) in pressure transformation of Mott insulators into normal metals. The experimental issues are described and a few examples of studies of breakdown of the Mott-Hubbard state at very high pressures are presented. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pasternak, MP (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 223 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200101)223:1<65::AID-PSSB65>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 402AB UT WOS:000166961200010 ER PT J AU Shan, W Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Ager, JW Haller, EE Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Olson, JM Kurtz, SR Xin, HP Tu, CW AF Shan, W Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Ager, JW Haller, EE Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Olson, JM Kurtz, SR Xin, HP Tu, CW TI Band anticrossing in III-N-V alloys SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Pressure Semiconductor Physics (HPSP9) CY SEP 24-28, 2000 CL SAPPORO, JAPAN SP Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc High Pressure Sci & Technol ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GAAS1-XNX ALLOYS; GAINNAS ALLOYS; QUANTUM-WELLS; SOLAR-CELLS; GROWN GANAS; GAP AB Recent high hydrostatic pressure experiments have shown that incorporation of small amounts of nitrogen into conventional III-V compounds to form III-N-V alloys leads to splitting of the con duction band into two subbands. The downward shift of the lower subband edge is responsible for the observed, large reduction of the fundamental band gaps in III-N-V alloys. The observed effects were explained by an anticrossing interaction between the conduction band states close to the center of the Brillouin zone and localized nitrogen states, The interaction leads to a change in the nature of the fundamental from the indirect gap in GaP to a direct gap in GaNP. The predictions of the band anticrossing model of enlarged electron effective mass and enhanced donor activation efficiency were confirmed by experiments in GaInNAs alloys. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Shan, W (reprint author), OptiWork Inc, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 41 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 223 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200101)223:1<75::AID-PSSB75>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 402AB UT WOS:000166961200011 ER PT J AU Choi, IH Yu, PY AF Choi, IH Yu, PY TI Pressure dependence of defect emissions and the appearance of pressure-induced deep centers in chalcopyrite alloys AgxCu1-xGaS2 SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Pressure Semiconductor Physics (HPSP9) CY SEP 24-28, 2000 CL SAPPORO, JAPAN SP Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc High Pressure Sci & Technol ID BAND-GAPS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We present the pressure dependence of the defect emissions in the chalcopyrite alloy semiconductor AgxCu1-xGaS2 for values of the alloy concentration x varying between 0 and 1. A large variation in the pressure coefficients of the different defect emissions with x was found. In one alloy concentration x - 0.25 deep levels were found to appear under pressure. Plausible explanations of our results have been proposed. C1 Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Choi, IH (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 223 IS 1 BP 307 EP 311 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200101)223:1<307::AID-PSSB307>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 402AB UT WOS:000166961200043 ER PT J AU Choi, IH Yu, PY AF Choi, IH Yu, PY TI Pressure dependence of Raman modes in the chalcopyrite quaternary alloy AgxCu1-xGaS2 SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Pressure Semiconductor Physics (HPSP9) CY SEP 24-28, 2000 CL SAPPORO, JAPAN SP Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc High Pressure Sci & Technol ID AGGASE2; CUGAS2 AB Raman scattering in the chalcopyrite quaternary alloy AgxCu1-xGaS2 has been studied under high pressure (up to 7 GPa) and at low temperature (50 K) using a diamond anvil high pressure cell for alloy concentrations x = 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25 and 0. This has allowed us to determine the dependence of their zone-center phonon modes on both pressure and alloy concentration. The resultant phonon pressure coefficients are helpful in understanding the nature of the phonon modes in these chalcopyrites. C1 Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Choi, IH (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 223 IS 1 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 402AB UT WOS:000166961200044 ER PT J AU Zunger, A Kim, K Ozolins, V AF Zunger, A Kim, K Ozolins, V TI Why are the conventionally-assumed high-pressure crystal structures of ordinary semiconductors unstable? SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID V ZINCBLENDE SEMICONDUCTORS; III-V; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY; BETA-TIN; SI; STABILITY; SOLIDS; SYSTEMATICS; MODES AB Recent high-pressure X-ray experiments show that, contrary to traditional expectations and numerous calculations, the NaCl structure is not present in covalent semiconductors, the diatomic beta -Sn structure is absent in all compound semiconductors, and the CsCl structure is not seen in ionic semiconductors. We explain these systematic absences in terms of dynamical phonon instabilities of the NaCl, beta -Sn, and CsCl crystal structures. Covalent materials in NaCl structures become dynamically unstable with respect to the transverse acoustic TA[001] phonon, while ionic compounds in the beta -sn structure exhibit phonon instabilities in the longitudinal optical LO[00 xi] branch. The latter lead to predicted new high pressure phases of octet semiconductors. For InSb, we find no phonon instability that could prevent the CsCl phase from forming, but for the more ionic GaP, GaAs, InP, and InAs, we find that the CsCl phase is dynamically unstable at high pressures with respect to TA[xi xi0] phonons. Analysis of the soft normal modes via "isotropy subgroup" suggests two candidate structures that will replace the CsCl structure at high pressure: the tP4 (B10) InBi-type and the oP4 (B19) AuCd-type. Experimental examination of these predictions is called for. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Ozolins, Vidvuds/D-4578-2009; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 223 IS 2 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200101)223:2<369::AID-PSSB369>3.3.CO;2-Y PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 402AC UT WOS:000166961300006 ER PT J AU Iota, V Yoo, CS AF Iota, V Yoo, CS TI Carbon dioxide at high pressure and temperature SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOLID CO2; PHASE; GPA AB We present a review of recent studies of carbon dioxide (CO2) at high pressures and temperatures and describe the experimental evidence for a dipole interacting bent COL phase IV and for a nonmolecular extended phase V. Phase IV is stabilized above 12 GPa and 1000 K; the Raman activation of the internal bending mode (upsilon (2)) indicates a loss of molecular inversion symmetry in this new phase. Above 35 GPa, and 1800 K, the CO2 molecules associate to form a covalent solid (V) with a structure based on singly bonded CO4 tetrahedra, similar to that of SiO2 tridymite. We discuss the stability and properties of this polymeric form of CO2. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Iota, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 223 IS 2 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200101)223:2<427::AID-PSSB427>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 402AC UT WOS:000166961300016 ER PT J AU Lischka, H Shepard, R Pitzer, RM Shavitt, I Dallos, M Muller, T Szalay, PG Seth, M Kedziora, GS Yabushita, S Zhang, ZY AF Lischka, H Shepard, R Pitzer, RM Shavitt, I Dallos, M Muller, T Szalay, PG Seth, M Kedziora, GS Yabushita, S Zhang, ZY TI High-level multireference methods in the quantum-chemistry program system COLUMBUS: Analytic MR-CISD and MR-AQCC gradients and MR-AQCC-LRT for excited states, GUGA spin-orbit CI and parallel CI density SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; SIZE-EXTENSIVE MODIFICATION; OPTICAL DOUBLE-RESONANCE; BODY PERTURBATION-THEORY; UNITARY-GROUP APPROACH; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB Development of several new computational approaches within the framework of multi-reference ab initio molecular electronic structure methodology and their implementation in the COLUMBUS program system are reported. These new features are: calculation of the analytical MR-CI gradient for excited states based on state-averaged MCSCF orbitals, the extension of the MR-ACPF/AQCC methods to excited states in the framework of linear-response theory, spin-orbit CI for molecules containing heavy atoms and the development of a massively-parallel code for the computation of the one- and two-particle density matrix elements. Illustrative examples are given for each of these cases. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem & Struct Biol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Theoret Chem Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Theoret Chem, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem & Struct Biol, Wahringerstr 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM Hans.Lischka@univie.ac.at; shepard@tcg.anl.gov; pitzer@chemistry.ohio-state.edu; shavitt@chemistry.ohio-state.edu; szalay@para.chem.elte.hu RI Lischka, Hans/A-8802-2015; Szalay, Peter/C-8879-2015 OI Szalay, Peter/0000-0003-1885-3557 NR 84 TC 273 Z9 273 U1 3 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 5 BP 664 EP 673 DI 10.1039/b008063m PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 402QQ UT WOS:000167000000004 ER PT J AU Wright, K Cygan, RT Slater, B AF Wright, K Cygan, RT Slater, B TI Structure of the (10(1)over-bar4) surfaces of calcite, dolomite and magnesite under wet and dry conditions SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; POLYMORPHS CALCITE; WATER; MODEL; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; ARAGONITE AB Atomistic computer simulation methods have been employed to model the structure of the (10(1) over bar4) surfaces of calcite (CaCO3), dolomite [CaMg(CO3)(2)] and magnesite (MgCO3). Our calculations show that, under anhydrous vacuum conditions, calcite undergoes the greatest degree of surface relaxation with rotation and distortion of the carbonate group accompanied by movement of the calcium ion. The magnesite surface is the least distorted of the three carbonates, with dolomite being intermediate to the two end members. When water molecules are placed on the surface to produce complete monolayer coverage, the surfaces of all three carbonate minerals are stabilized and the amount of relaxation in the surface layers substantially reduced. Of the three phases, dolomite shows the strongest and highest number of interfacial hydrogen bonds between water and the carbonate mineral surface. These calculations suggest that the equilibrium H2O + CO32- reversible arrow HCO3- + OH- will favour the production of hydrogen carbonate ions most strongly for dolomite, less strongly for calcite, and least likely for magnesite. C1 Royal Inst, London W1S 4BS, England. Univ Manchester, Dept Earth Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, K (reprint author), Royal Inst, Albemarle St, London W1S 4BS, England. RI Wright, Kate/A-1950-2008 NR 19 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 5 BP 839 EP 844 DI 10.1039/b006130l PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 402QQ UT WOS:000167000000026 ER PT J AU Lossack, AM Roduner, E Bartels, DM AF Lossack, AM Roduner, E Bartels, DM TI Solvation and kinetic isotope effects in H and D abstraction reactions from formate ions by D, H and Mu atoms in aqueous solution SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDRATED ELECTRONS; REACTION-RATES; HYDROGEN; CONSTANTS; MUONIUM; BENZENE; SOLVENT AB Electron paramagnetic resonance free induction decay attenuation and muon spin rotation measurements were performed in the temperature range of liquid water for the reactions of the hydrogen isotopes D, H, and Mu with undeuterated and deuterated formate ions. Accurate rate constants were determined, and excellent Arrhenius behavior represented by log (k/M-1 s(-1)) = (11.92 +/- 0.15) - [(29.5 +/- 0.8) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for Mu+HCOO-, log (k/M-1 s(-1)) = (11.89 +/- 0.08) - [(20.6 +/- 0.4) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for H+HCOO-, log (k/M-1 s(-1)) = (11.40 +/- 0.05) - [(17.4 +/- 0.9) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for D+HCOO-, log (k/M-1 s(-1)) = (12.16 +/- 0.16) -[(37.8 +/- 0.9) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for Mu+DCOO-, log (k/M-1 s(-1)) = (12.12 +/- 0.17) - [(26.1 +/- 0.9) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for H+DCOO-, log (k/M-1 s(-1)) = (11.66 +/- 0.20) - [(22.5 +/- 1.0) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for D+DCOO-, was found in all cases. Ab initio calculations at the MP2 and the QCISD level with the aug-cc-pvDZ basis set reveal that the reaction has no electronic barrier in the gas phase. This contrasts with quite sizeable activation energies observed in aqueous solution, and it suggests that the barrier is entirely solvent induced. Calculations at the above mentioned ab initio level using a polarized dielectric continuum for the solvated reaction system restore a realistic barrier and confirm this interpretation. It is shown that the solvent effect is a consequence of a pronounced change of polarization of the system along the reaction path. It may be more appropriate to describe the reaction as a consecutive electron-proton transfer rather than an H atom abstraction. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roduner, E (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 11 BP 2031 EP 2037 DI 10.1039/b100980j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 435CG UT WOS:000168859400017 ER PT J AU Fernandez, C Morais, C Pruski, M AF Fernandez, C Morais, C Pruski, M TI Comment on "Al-27 -> P-31 3QMAS/HETCOR experiment in aluminophosphate molecular sieves" by G. Mali, J.-P. Amoureux and V. Kaucic, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2000, 2, 5737 SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Discussion Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsen-Gesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie CY OCT 04-07, 2000 CL GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Bunsen Gesell Phys Chemie ID RESOLUTION HETERONUCLEAR CORRELATION; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; CROSS-POLARIZATION; SPECTRA C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Caen, ISMRA, Catalyse & Spectrochim Lab, CNRS,UMR 6506, F-14050 Caen, France. RP Pruski, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Gomes de Morais, Claudia/A-6701-2012; fernandez, christian/C-3158-2008 OI fernandez, christian/0000-0002-5476-3148 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2552 EP 2553 DI 10.1039/b101960k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 446GN UT WOS:000169504900051 ER PT J AU Harding, LB Troe, J Ushakov, VG AF Harding, LB Troe, J Ushakov, VG TI Comment on "On the high pressure rate constants for the H/Mu+O-2 addition reactions'' by J. M. C. Marques and A. J. C. Varandas, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2001, 3, 505 SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Harding, LB (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 13 BP 2630 EP 2631 DI 10.1039/b102050l PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 446RB UT WOS:000169525300014 ER PT J AU Gwaltney, SR Head-Gordon, M AF Gwaltney, SR Head-Gordon, M TI Calculating the equilibrium structure of the BNB molecule: Real vs. artifactual symmetry breaking SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; ANION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; BORON NITROGEN CLUSTERS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; HARTREE-FOCK; BASIS SETS; B2N; ATOMS; ENERGIES AB Approximate electronic structure calculations on the ground state of the BNB molecule are subject to artifactual symmetry breaking as well as a potential second-order Jahn-Teller distortion along its antisymmetric stretch coordinate. In addition, the bending mode is very floppy and has a large anharmonic coupling with the symmetric stretch. Hence, this molecule presents a major challenge for theoretical electronic structure methods. We present a series of calculations designed to distinguish the real from the artifactual symmetry breaking. Our results give the minimum structure as C-infinityv, with the D-infinityh transition state 161 +/- 20 cm(-1) higher in energy, thus lying below the first vibrational level. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Gwaltney, Steven/0000-0003-3833-5087 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 20 BP 4495 EP 4500 DI 10.1039/b105510k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 484VZ UT WOS:000171711400004 ER PT J AU Bakos, JS Djotyan, G Sorlei, Z Szigeti, J Mansfield, DK Sarkozi, J AF Bakos, JS Djotyan, G Sorlei, Z Szigeti, J Mansfield, DK Sarkozi, J TI Broadening and shifting of the methanol 119-/mu m gain line of linear and circular polarization by collision with chiral molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RATES AB Evidence of circular dichroism has been observed in the spectral properties of a gas of left-right symmetric molecules. This dichroism comes about as the result of collisions of the symmetric molecules with left-right asymmetric molecules introduced as a buffer gas. In this sense. the dichroism can be said to have been transferred from the chiral buffer molecules to the symmetric, nonchiral molecules of the background vapor. This transferred dichroism appears as a broadening in the gain line of the symmetric molecule that is asymmetric with respect to the right or left handedness of a circularly polarized probe. The broadening of the 119-mum line of the methanol molecule was observed using infrared-far-infrared double-resonance spectroscopy. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Dept Plasma Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. GE Lightening Tungsram Ltd, H-1340 Budapest, Hungary. RP Bakos, JS (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Dept Plasma Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 012507 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391YC UT WOS:000166383000040 ER PT J AU Borve, KJ Saethre, LJ Thomas, TD Carroll, TX Berrah, N Bozek, JD Kukk, E AF Borve, KJ Saethre, LJ Thomas, TD Carroll, TX Berrah, N Bozek, JD Kukk, E TI Vibronic structure in the carbon 1s photoelectron spectra of HCCH and DCCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATION; CORE-HOLE; VIBRATIONAL STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; IONIZATION; SHELL; APPROXIMATION; LOCALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION AB The carbon is photoelectron spectra of HCCH and DCCD have been measured at a photon energy of 330 eV and an instrumental resolution about half the natural linewidth. The vibrational structure in the spectra has been analyzed in terms of a model in which the parameters are the force constants for carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen stretching in the core-ionized molecules and the changes in bond lengths between the core-ionized and neutral molecules. Within this model. three different approaches to core-hole localization have been considered. Treating the core hole as completely localized, with the molecular motion following the diabatic energy surfaces, does not describe the data correctly. Treating the con hole as completely delocalized, with the molecular motion following the adiabatic surfaces. gives a good fit to the spectra but leads to zero-point energies that are completely unreasonable. A fit that takes into account vibronic coupling between the Vibrational manifolds of the (2)Sigma (+)(u) and (2)Sigma (+)(g) electronic states of the ion gives good agreement with the data and leads to reasonable molecular parameters. Ab initio calculations of the molecular properties of the core-ionized molecule give results that are in excellent agreement with those obtained from this fit. The lifetime width for the carbon 1s hole state is 106 +/- 2 meV, significantly higher than for CH4 (95 +/- 2 meV). This result is not in accord with predictions based on a one-center model of Auger decay. C1 Univ Bergen, Dept Chem, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Keuka Coll, Keuka Pk, NY 14478 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Bergen, Dept Chem, Allegt 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Borve, Knut/I-5934-2012; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Borve, Knut/0000-0002-5782-8963; Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 012506 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391YC UT WOS:000166383000039 ER PT J AU Czarnecki, A Melnikov, K Yelkhovsky, A AF Czarnecki, A Melnikov, K Yelkhovsky, A TI Anomalous magnetic moment of a bound electron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; STATE; M-ALPHA(6) AB We study binding corrections to the gyromagnetic factor g(e) of an electron in hydrogenlike ions. We argue that the leading order binding effects in radiative corrections Deltag(rad) an universal to all orders in alpha/pi and the complete result reads Deltag(rad) = (g(free)- 2)[1 + (Z alpha)(2)/6] + ((alpha/pi)(Z alpha)(4)). The theoretical uncertainty in the prediction for the experimentally interesting carbon ion is decreased by a factor of about 3. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Czarnecki, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. EM czar@phys.ualberta.ca; melnikov@slac.stanford.edu; yelkhovsky@inp.nsk.su NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 012509 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391YC UT WOS:000166383000042 ER PT J AU Nguyen, AT Chern, GD Budker, D Zolotorev, M AF Nguyen, AT Chern, GD Budker, D Zolotorev, M TI Efficient population transfer in a multilevel system using diverging laser beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ADIABATIC RAPID PASSAGE; RABI OSCILLATIONS; ATOMIC DYSPROSIUM; INVERSION; STATES; PULSES AB We investigate a three-step population scheme to efficiently transfer atoms to a particular metastable state of atomic dysprosium. and present evidence of adiabatic passage in the first step. This scheme will be employed in an ongoing search for parity nonconservation (PNC) in dysprosium. In order to excite a large fraction of the transverse velocity distribution, laser beams with divergences matched to the atomic beam are applied in the first and second steps. The total efficiency of the population transfer is analyzed, and the implications for the PNC work an discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nguyen, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM atn@socrates.Berkeley.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 013406 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391YC UT WOS:000166383000080 ER PT J AU Thompson, JS Covington, AM Krstic, PS Pieksma, M Shinpaugh, JL Stancil, PC Havener, CC AF Thompson, JS Covington, AM Krstic, PS Pieksma, M Shinpaugh, JL Stancil, PC Havener, CC TI Low-energy electron capture by Cl7+ from D using merged beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLY CHARGED IONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; COLLISIONS; PROJECTILES; SCATTERING; EXCITATION AB Measurements of the absolute total cross section for single-electron capture in collisions of Cl7+ with ground-state atomic deuterium are reported in the energy range 4.6-428 eV/amu. These measurements represent the highest charge state yet reported using the Oak Ridge National Laboratory ion-atom merged-beams apparatus. The electron-capture cross section for Cl7+ is observed to decrease at lower energies, in contradiction to what is expected from a popular simple model and speculation from previous measurements for highly charged (7+) ions with multielectron cores. The observed low-energy behavior is interpreted using coupled-channel molecular-orbital hidden-crossing calculations for N7+ + D. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Chem Phys Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thompson, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 012717 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391YC UT WOS:000166383000070 ER PT J AU Akai, T Martin, SW Borsa, F AF Akai, T Martin, SW Borsa, F TI Chemical and dynamical speciation of mobile ions in the glassy fast ionic conductor Ag2S+B2S3+SiS2: A Ag-109 nuclear magnetic resonance study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAS NMR; OXIDE GLASSES; RANGE ORDER; PERCOLATION; SI-29; TRANSPORT; BORATE; MODEL; B-11; AGI AB Ag-109 NMR in the highly conductive glass 0.525Ag(2)S+0.475(0.5B(2)S(3)+0.5SiS(2)) was investigated from 230 to 433 K. The Ag-109 NMR spectra reveal for the first time three well resolved lines corresponding to three kinds of chemically speciated Ag ions in sites with different chemical shifts in a macroscopically homogeneous glass. This chemical speciation of Ag ions is discussed in relation to the microstructure of the glass. As the temperature is increased, the three hues that originate from three different species of ions are narrowed, but these fines exist independently up to 433 K, the highest temperature measured. Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates (NSLR's), 1/T-1, were also measured. Two relaxation processes were found; one is associated with two of the chemically speciated Ag ions and the other is associated with the other Ag ions. The two different NSLR's gradually approach a common value as the temperature is increased, and finally exhibit a common relaxation rate at and above 373 K. From the results of the NMR spectra and of the NSLR's, which observe the ion dynamics on different time scales, it is concluded that the silver ions move fast within separate clusters of similar chemical environments (much greater than kHz), but exchange among the three different clusters at relatively slow rates (less than or equal to 100 Hz) above 373 K. From the time the ions reside at any one site, the mean free path of the ions is estimated. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Martin, SW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 AR 024303 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391XU UT WOS:000166382200024 ER PT J AU Bulaevskii, LN Chudnovsky, EM AF Bulaevskii, LN Chudnovsky, EM TI Ferromagnetic film on a superconducting substrate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We study th equilibrium domain structure and magnetic flux around a ferromagnetic film with perpendicular magnetization M-o on a superconducting (SC) substrate. At 4 pi M-olambda (L)) = (l(N)/4 pi lambda (L))(2/3) with the domain width on a normal (nonsuperconducting) substrate, l(N)/4 pi lambda (L)>>1; lambda (L) being the London penetration length. C1 CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bulaevskii, LN (reprint author), CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 250 Bedford Pk Blvd W, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 012502 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 390ZZ UT WOS:000166330800016 ER PT J AU Durr, C Legner, S Hayn, R Borisenko, SV Hu, Z Theresiak, A Knupfer, M Golden, MS Fink, J Ronning, F Shen, ZX Eisaki, H Uchida, S Janowitz, C Muller, R Johnson, RL Rossnagel, K Kipp, L Reichardt, G AF Durr, C Legner, S Hayn, R Borisenko, SV Hu, Z Theresiak, A Knupfer, M Golden, MS Fink, J Ronning, F Shen, ZX Eisaki, H Uchida, S Janowitz, C Muller, R Johnson, RL Rossnagel, K Kipp, L Reichardt, G TI Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of Sr2CuO2Cl2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-J MODEL; QUASI-PARTICLE DISPERSION; 2-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM ANTIFERROMAGNETS; SUPERCONDUCTING CU OXIDES; FERMI-SURFACE; HUBBARD-MODEL; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HOLE DISPERSION; SPECTRAL WEIGHT; SO(5) SYMMETRY AB We have investigated the lowest binding-energy electronic structure of the model cuprate Sr2CuO2Cl2 using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our data from about 80 cleavages of Sr2CuO2Cl2 single crystals give a comprehensive, self-consistent picture of the nature of the first electron-removal state in this model undoped CuO2-plane cuprate. First, we show a strong dependence on the polarization of the excitation light which is understandable in the context of the matrix element governing the photoemission process, which gives a state with the symmetry of a Zhang-Rice singlet. Secondly, the strong, oscillatory dependence of the intensity of the Zhang-Rice singlet on the exciting photon energy is shown to be consistent with interference effects connected with the periodicity of the crystal structure in the crystallographic direction. Thirdly, we measured the dispersion of the first electron-removal states along Gamma--> (pi, pi) and Gamma--> (pi ,0), the latter being controversial in the literature, and have shown that the data are best fitted using an extended tJ model, and extract the relevant model parameters. An analysis of the spectral weight of the first ionization states for different excitation energies within the approach used by Leung et al. [Phys. Rev. B 56, 6320 (1997)] results in a strongly photon-energy dependent ratio between the coherent and incoherent spectral weight. The possible reasons for this observation and its physical implications are discussed. C1 Inst Solid State & Mat Res Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. BESSY, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Inst Solid State & Mat Res Dresden, POB 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RI Hu, Zhiwei/B-8635-2008; Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011; Borisenko, Sergey/G-6743-2012; Fink, Joerg/A-6003-2012; Golden, Mark/D-3469-2011 OI Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090; Borisenko, Sergey/0000-0002-5046-4829; NR 65 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.014505 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 390ZZ UT WOS:000166330800051 ER PT J AU Halvorsen, E Bartkowiak, M AF Halvorsen, E Bartkowiak, M TI Linked cluster expansion and 1/d expansions for classical spin systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD THEORY; CORRELATED LATTICE FERMIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERIES; EXTENDED HUBBARD-MODEL; HIGH DIMENSIONS; D=INFINITY DIMENSIONS; PARTICLE PROPERTIES; LIMIT AB We consider 1/d expansions for classical spin systems based on the vertex renormalized linked cluster expansion (LCE). The free multiplicities of the LCE graphs on a hypercubic lattice in an arbitrary dimension d are calculated using generating functions. The technique is applied to the Ising model and to a two-component classical lattice gas corresponding to an extended Hubbard model at half filling in the zero-bandwidth limit. We use a resummation of the LCE to generate 1/d expansions for the equation of state and for the critical temperature. The method, which is rather general and applicable to a wide range of models, proves convenient for calculating asymptotic power series expansions in 1/d. The vertex renormalized expansion is shown to break down at low temperature in higher order approximations, barring attempts to construct simple approximations that are both self-consistent and exact to some finite order in 1/d. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Phys, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. RP Halvorsen, E (reprint author), Skoggt 5, N-3183 Horten, Norway. RI Halvorsen, Einar/C-8339-2009 OI Halvorsen, Einar/0000-0001-6511-9190 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014403 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 390ZZ UT WOS:000166330800030 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, MB TI Dirac structure, RVB, and Goldstone modes in the kagome antiferromagnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESONATING-VALENCE-BOND; SPIN-1/2 HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; QUANTUM ANTIFERROMAGNETS; EXACT SPECTRA; TRIANGULAR-LATTICE; NEEL ORDER; STATES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; EXCITATIONS; SEPARATION AB We show that there exists a long-range resonating valence bond (RVB) state for the kagome lattice spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet for which the spinons have a massless Dirac spectrum. By considering various perturbations of the RVB state which give mass to the fermions by breaking a symmetry, we are able to describe a wide-ranging class of known states on the kagome lattice, including spin-Peierls solid and chiral spin-liquid states. Using a renormalization group treatment of fluctuations about the RVB state, we propose yet a different symmetry breaking pattern and show how collective excitations about this state account for the gapless singlet modes seen experimentally and numerically. We make a further comparison with numerics for Chem numbers, dimer-dimer correlation functions, the triplet gap, and other quantities. To accomplish these calculations, we propose a variant of the SU(N) theory which enables us to include many of the effects of Gutzwiller projection at the mean-field level. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM hastings@cnls.lanl.gov NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014413 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 390ZZ UT WOS:000166330800040 ER PT J AU Kiryukhin, V Kim, BG Podzorov, V Cheong, SW Koo, TY Hill, JP Moon, I Jeong, YH AF Kiryukhin, V Kim, BG Podzorov, V Cheong, SW Koo, TY Hill, JP Moon, I Jeong, YH TI Multiphase segregation and metal-insulator transition in single crystal La5/8-yPryCa3/8MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SEPARATION; DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; MAGNETORESISTIVE MANGANITE; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; CHARGE; PR1-XCAXMNO3; LA1-XSRXMNO3; RESISTIVITY; STATE; FILMS AB The insulator-metal transition in single crystal La5/8-yPryCa3/8MnO3 with y approximate to 0.35 was studied using synchrotron x-ray diffraction, electric resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements. Despite the dramatic drop in the resistivity at the insulator-metal transition temperature T-MI, the charge-ordering (CO) peaks exhibit no anomaly at this temperature and continue to grow below T-MI Our data suggest then, that in addition to the CO phase. another insulating phase is present below T-CO. In this picture, the insulator-metal transition is due to the changes that occur within this latter phase. The CO phase does not appear to play a major rule in this transition. We propose that a percolationlike insulator-metal transition occurs via the growth of ferromagnetic metallic domains within the parts of the sample that do not exhibit charge ordering. Finally, we find that the low-temperature phase-separated state is unstable against x-ray irradiation, which destroys the CO phase at low temperatures. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, Kyungbuk, South Korea. RP Kiryukhin, V (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Podzorov, Vitaly/I-2639-2016 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 AR 024420 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391XU UT WOS:000166382200044 ER PT J AU Kress, JD Mazevet, S Collins, LA Wood, WW AF Kress, JD Mazevet, S Collins, LA Wood, WW TI Density-functional calculation of the Hugoniot of shocked liquid nitrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; PHASE-TRANSITION; HYDROGEN PLASMA; FLUID NITROGEN; DEUTERIUM; COMPRESSION; TEMPERATURE AB We have performed molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations to obtain the internal energy and pressure of shock-compressed fluid nitrogen for over 60 different (density, temperature) points. Calculations were performed using the generalized gradient approximation in density-functional theory (DFT). The single-shock Hugoniot derived from this equation of state agrees well with gas-gun experiments for pressure vs density. As density and pressure increase along the Hugoniot, the system appears to undergo a continuous transition from a molecular to a partially dissociated fluid containing a mixture of atoms and molecules. A small fraction of clusters larger than dimers were found; however, these larger clusters were of a highly transient nature, with lifetimes of a few femtoseconds. This behavior closely resembles many features in the DFT-MD results for deuterium in the same general regime. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kress, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 AR 024203 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391XU UT WOS:000166382200021 ER PT J AU Li, QA Gray, KE Mitchell, JF AF Li, QA Gray, KE Mitchell, JF TI Metallic conductance below T-c inferred by quantum interference effects in layered La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The metallic nature of the low-temperature conductivity sigma of the layered manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 is not obviously consistent with the very low values of sigmaa nor its slightly semiconducting behavior. We report low-temperature data in an applied field H which exhibit a positive rootH correction to sigma, for fields perpendicular to the Mn-O bilayers and also parallel to the layers, as well as for both current directions. This behavior is consistent with weak-localization effects in three-dimensional metals and with the theory of quantum interference, recently extended to highly anisotropic layered metals. In addition, a simple model is presented that adequately describes the positive magnetoconductance due to the suppression of spin waves. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, QA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Li, Qingan/L-3778-2013 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 AR 024417 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391XU UT WOS:000166382200041 ER PT J AU Ling, WL Qiu, ZQ Takeuchi, O Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Ling, WL Qiu, ZQ Takeuchi, O Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M TI Effect of oxygen surfactant on the magnetic and structural properties of Co films grown on Cu(110) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FCC COBALT FILMS; MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; ULTRATHIN CO/CU(110); CURIE-TEMPERATURE; CO(110) FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SUPERLATTICES; CHEMISORPTION; INTERFACE AB It was found that atomically flat Co(110) films could be grown on Cu(110) using O as a surfactant. To obtain detailed knowledge on the effect of O on the growth, as well as on the magnetic properties of Co overlayer, we carried out an investigation on this system using Auger electron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE), and scanning tunneling microscopy. With O as a surfactant, the initial growth Of CO (<1 ML) results in a flat monolayer structure. When the Co is thicker than 1 ML, three-dimensional clusters begin to form. These clusters become ordered islands at 3 ML Co and coalesce at 5 ML Co. Above 5 ML Co, layer-by-layer growth resumes. No significant Cu segregation is observed. SMOKE studies at room temperature show that the Co film is magnetic above similar to5 ML,Co, with the magnetization easy axis along the [001] direction. On the other hand, without using oxygen as a surfactant, Co grows three-dimensionally on Cu(110). The Co overlayer has its easy magnetization axis along the [001] direction, but the onset of the magnetization was observed at 11 hit Co at room temperature. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Takeuchi, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ling, Wai Li/F-9823-2012; Qiu, Zi Qiang/O-4421-2016 OI Ling, Wai Li/0000-0002-4264-5750; Qiu, Zi Qiang/0000-0003-0680-0714 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 AR 024408 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391XU UT WOS:000166382200032 ER PT J AU Nakamura, K Park, KT Freeman, AJ Jorgensen, JD AF Nakamura, K Park, KT Freeman, AJ Jorgensen, JD TI Magnetic and electronic structures of superconducting RuSr2GdCu2O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETISM; COEXISTENCE; SURFACES; DENSITY AB The coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in RuSr2GdCu2O8 was reported both from experiments (by Tallon et al.) and first-principles calculations (by Pickett et al.). Here we report that our first principles full-potential linearized augmented plane wave calculations, employing the precise crystal structure with structural distortions (i.e., RuO6 rotations) determined by neutron diffraction, demonstrate that antiferromagnetic ordering of the Ru moments is energetically favored over the previously proposed ferromagnetic ordering. Our results are consistent with recently performed magnetic neutron diffraction experiments (Lynn et al.). Ru t(2g) states, which are responsible for the magnetism, have only a very small interaction with Cu e (g) states, which results in a small exchange splitting of these states. The Fermi surface, characterized by strongly hybridized dp sigma orbitals, has nesting features similar to those in the two-dimensional high-T-c cuprate super conductors. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nakamura, K (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 14 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 AR 024507 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391XU UT WOS:000166382200058 ER PT J AU Noheda, B Cox, DE Shirane, G Guo, R Jones, B Cross, LE AF Noheda, B Cox, DE Shirane, G Guo, R Jones, B Cross, LE TI Stability of the monoclinic phase in the ferroelectric perovskite PbZr1-xTixO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; POWDER PROFILE REFINEMENT; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; TETRAGONAL PBTIO3; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; RHOMBOHEDRAL PHASES; SOLID-SOLUTION; PZT; BOUNDARY; BATIO3 AB Recent structural studies of ferroelectric PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT) with x=0.48, have revealed a monoclinic phase in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), previously regarded as the boundary separating the rhombohedral and tetragonal regions of the PZT phase diagram. In the present paper, the stability region of all three phases has been established from high-resolution synchrotron x-ray powder-diffraction measurements on a series of highly homogenous samples with 0.42 less than or equal tox less than or equal to0.52. At 20 K, the monoclinic phase is stable in the range 0.46 less than or equal tox less than or equal to0.51, and this range narrows as the temperature is increased. A first-order phase transition from tetragonal to rhombohedral symmetry is observed only for x=0.45. The MPB, therefore, corresponds not to the tegragonal-rhombohedral phase boundary, but instead to the boundary between the tetragonal and monoclinic phases for 0.46 less than or equal tox less than or equal to0.51. This result provides important insight into the close relationship between the monoclinic phase and the striking piezoelectric properties of PZT; in particular, investigations of poled samples have shown that the monoclinic distortion is the origin of the unusually high piezoelectric response of PZT. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM noheda@bnl.gov NR 52 TC 252 Z9 255 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014103 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 390ZZ UT WOS:000166330800020 ER PT J AU Schnack, J Luban, M AF Schnack, J Luban, M TI Rotational modes in molecular magnets with antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB In an effort to understand the low-temperature behavior of recently synthesized molecular magnets, we present numerical evidence for the existence of a rotational band in systems of quantum spins interacting with nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange. While this result has previously been noted for ring arrays with an even number of spin sites, we find that it also applies for rings with an odd number of sites as well as for all of the polytope configurations we have investigated (tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, icosahedron, triangular prism, and axially truncated icosahedron). It is demonstrated how the rotational band levels can, in many cases, be accurately predicted using the underlying sublattice structure of the spin array. We illustrate how the characteristics of the rotational band can provide valuable estimates for the low-temperature magnetic susceptibility. C1 Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, Barbarastr 7, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. EM jschnack@uos.de; luban@ameslab.gov RI Schnack, Jurgen/A-4079-2008 OI Schnack, Jurgen/0000-0003-0702-2723 NR 23 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.014418 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 390ZZ UT WOS:000166330800045 ER PT J AU Serquis, A Caneiro, A Basset, A Short, S Hodges, JP Jorgensen, JD AF Serquis, A Caneiro, A Basset, A Short, S Hodges, JP Jorgensen, JD TI Oxygen content, thermodynamic stability, and superconductivity of Hg1-xRexBa2CuO4+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HG-BASED SUPERCONDUCTORS; MUON SPIN RELAXATION; T-C; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; HGBA2CUO4+DELTA; HGBA2CA2CU3O8+DELTA; DEPENDENCE; T(C); DIFFRACTION AB The oxygen nonstoichiometry of single phase (Hg, Re)-1201 samples was studied by high-temperature thermodynamic techniques. The relevant structural features and the oxygen occupancy numbers were determined by Rietveld refinements using x-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. Underdoped and overdoped samples for different Re contents obtained by changing oxygen content through suitable post annealing treatments enable us to analyze the effect of both substitutions on T-c. The Re doping increases the thermodynamic stability of the Hg-1201 phase due to the incorporation of strongly bonded oxygen atoms. The Re incorporation also makes it possible to easily reach the overdoped regime, without appreciably affecting the maximum T-c. The slight decrease of the maximum T-c, may be due to the cation disorder introduced by Re. The effect of extra oxygen in the (Hg,Re)O-delta layer on the T-c, of Hg-1201 compound is discussed. C1 Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Univ Nacl Comahue, Neuquen, Argentina. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Serquis, A (reprint author), Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. EM serquis@cab.cnea.gov.ar RI Hodges, Jason/K-1421-2013 NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014508 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 390ZZ UT WOS:000166330800054 ER PT J AU Barrette, J Bellwied, R Bennett, S Bersch, R Braun-Munzinger, P Chang, WC Cleland, WE Clemen, M Cole, J Cormier, TM Dai, Y David, G Dee, J Dietzsch, O Drigert, M Filimonov, K Johnson, SC Hall, JR Hemmick, TK Herrmann, N Hong, B Kwon, Y Lacasse, R Li, Q Ludlam, TW Mark, SK Matheus, R McCorkle, S Murgatroyd, JT Miskowiec, D O'Brien, E Panitkin, S Pantuev, V Paul, P Piazza, T Pollack, M Pruneau, C Qi, YJ Rao, MN Reber, E Rosati, M daSilva, NC Sedykh, S Sonnadara, U Stachel, J Takagui, EM Pop, VT Trzaska, M Voloshin, S Vongpaseuth, TB Wang, G Wessels, JP Woody, CL Xu, N Zhang, Y Zou, C AF Barrette, J Bellwied, R Bennett, S Bersch, R Braun-Munzinger, P Chang, WC Cleland, WE Clemen, M Cole, J Cormier, TM Dai, Y David, G Dee, J Dietzsch, O Drigert, M Filimonov, K Johnson, SC Hall, JR Hemmick, TK Herrmann, N Hong, B Kwon, Y Lacasse, R Li, Q Ludlam, TW Mark, SK Matheus, R McCorkle, S Murgatroyd, JT Miskowiec, D O'Brien, E Panitkin, S Pantuev, V Paul, P Piazza, T Pollack, M Pruneau, C Qi, YJ Rao, MN Reber, E Rosati, M daSilva, NC Sedykh, S Sonnadara, U Stachel, J Takagui, EM Pop, VT Trzaska, M Voloshin, S Vongpaseuth, TB Wang, G Wessels, JP Woody, CL Xu, N Zhang, Y Zou, C TI Lambda production and flow in Au+Au collisions at 11.5A GeV/c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON-PLASMA; ELLIPTIC FLOW; PARTICLE DISTRIBUTIONS; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; PHASE-TRANSITION; COLLECTIVE FLOW; PB COLLISIONS; EXPANSION AB New data on Lambda production in Au+Au collisions at 11.5A GeV/c are presented. The measurements cover the rapidity range from y = 2.0 to 3.5 and transverse momenta from p(t)= 0.15 GeV/c to 1.5 GeV/c. The rapidity distributions, transverse momentum spectra, and azimuthal distributions are presented for different centralities of the collision. A strong positive directed Row at forward rapidity is observed for semicentral collisions. The measured spectra, yields, and directed flow are compared with the predictions of relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (RQMD) v2.3 model. C1 McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Barrette, J (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RI Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013 NR 59 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014902 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600045 ER PT J AU Carlson, J Heiselberg, H Pandharipande, VR AF Carlson, J Heiselberg, H Pandharipande, VR TI Kaon condensation in dense matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEON MATTER; EQUATION; STATE AB The kaon energy in neutron matter is calculated analytically with the Klein-Gordon equation, by making a Wigner-Seitz cell approximation and employing a K-N square well potential. The transition from the low density Lent potential, proportional to scattering length, to the high density Hartree potential is found to begin at fairly low densities. Exact nonrelativistic calculations of the kaon energy in a simple cubic crystal of neutrons are used to test the Wigner-Seitz and the Ericson-Ericson approximation methods. In this case the frequently used Erickson-Erickson approximation is found to be fairly accurate up to twice nuclear matter density. All the calculations indicate that by similar to4 times nuclear matter density the Hartree limit is reached. We also show that in the Hartree limit the energy of zero momentum kaons does not have relativistic energy dependent factors present in the low density expansions. The results indicate that the density for kaon con densation is higher than previously estimated. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Carlson, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Heiselberg, Henning/0000-0003-2229-2000 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 017603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.63.017603 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600059 ER PT J AU Dioszegi, I Shaw, NP Bracco, A Camera, F Tettoni, S Mattiuzzi, M Paul, P AF Dioszegi, I Shaw, NP Bracco, A Camera, F Tettoni, S Mattiuzzi, M Paul, P TI Fission hindrance in Pb-200 measured from giant dipole resonance gamma-ray emission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-FISSION; FUSION-FISSION; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; DIFFUSION PROCESS; QUASI-FISSION; TIME SCALES; DEFORMATION; FRICTION; HEAVY; PROBABILITY AB High-energy gamma rays from the decay of the giant-dipole resonance built on excited states were measured in coincidence with fission fragments for the reaction F-19+Ta-181-->Pb-200 at bombarding energies 161 and 181 MeV. The gamma -ray spectra containing contributions from the decay of the hot compound Pb-200 nucleus on its way to fission and from the decay of the fission fragments were analyzed using the statistical model modified to include the effects of nuclear dissipation. Calculations with nuclear viscosity parameter of gamma (i)=3 inside the saddle point and gamma (o)=10 for the saddle to scission decay describe the experimental data. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dioszegi, I (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014611 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600043 ER PT J AU Esbensen, H Davids, CN AF Esbensen, H Davids, CN TI Coupled-channels treatment of deformed proton emitters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEI; DECAY AB The structure of deformed proton emitters is studied in a coupled-channels treatment. The wave function of a decaying state is determined as a standing wave. i.e., for an energy that is real. The decay rate is calculated from a Green's function method, treating the influence of the long-range Coulomb multipole interactions to first order. The results are compared to predictions made in the adiabatic limit and to measurements. It is shown that the decay of the Eu-131(3/2(+)) ground state to the ground stale of Sm-130 is quite sensitive to deformation in the spin-orbit force. It is found that the ground state decay of Ho-141(7/2(-)) is poorly described in the coupled-channels approach. This is ascribed to Coriolis mixing, which is too strong in the absence of pairing effects. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.63.014315 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600029 ER PT J AU Jeon, S Kapusta, J AF Jeon, S Kapusta, J TI Interpretation of the first data on central Au plus Au collisions at root s=56A and 130A GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HIGH-ENERGIES; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We compare three semimicroscopic theories to the first data on particle production in central Au+Au collisions taken at RHIC by the PHOBOS Collaboration as well as to existing data on central Pb+Pb collisions taken at the SPS by the NA49 Collaboration. The Linear Extrapolation of Ultrarelativistic nucleon-nucleon Scattering to nucleus-nucleus collisions (LEXUS) represents the SPS data quite well but predicts too many particles at RHIC. The wounded nucleon model predicts too few particles at both the SPS and RHIC, the collective tube model predicts fewer particles still. This suggests a transition in the dynamics of particle production between roots=17 and 56A GeV as one goes from the SPS to RHIC. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Jeon, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jeon@nta2.lbl.gov; kapusta@physics.spa.umn.edu NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 011901 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600008 ER PT J AU Lee, TSH Wiringa, RB AF Lee, TSH Wiringa, RB TI Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of pion scattering from Li SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC-SCATTERING; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; NUCLEI; C-13; TRANSITIONS; EXCITATION; NEUTRON AB We show that the neutron and proton transition densities predicted by recent quantum Monte Carlo calculations for A = 6,7 nuclei are consistent with pion scattering from Li-6 and Li-7 at energies near the Delta resonance. This has provided a microscopic understanding of the enhancement factors for quadrupole excitations, which were needed to describe pion inelastic scattering within the nuclear shell model of Cohen and Kurath. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, TSH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Wiringa, Robert/M-4970-2015 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014006 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600014 ER PT J AU Marcucci, LE Schiavilla, R Viviani, M Kievsky, A Rosati, S Beacom, JF AF Marcucci, LE Schiavilla, R Viviani, M Kievsky, A Rosati, S Beacom, JF TI Weak proton capture on He-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRINO ENERGY-SPECTRUM; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; FEW-BODY NUCLEI; CROSS-SECTION; FORM-FACTORS; HEP-NEUTRINOS; BETA-DECAY; POLARIZATION OBSERVABLES; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; MESONIC ENHANCEMENT AB The astrophysical S factor for the proton weak capture on He-3 is calculated with correlated-hyperspherical-harmonics bound and continuum wave functions corresponding to realistic Hamiltonians consisting of the Argonne nu (14) or Argonne nu (18) two-nucleon and Urbana-VIII or Urbana-IX three-nucleon interactions. The nuclear weak charge and current operators have vector and axial-vector components that include one- and many-body terms. All possible multipole transitions connecting any of the p-He-3 S- and P-wave channels to the He-4 bound state are considered. The S factor at a p-He-3 center-of-mass energy of 10 keV, close to the Gamow-peak energy, is predicted to be 10.1 x 10(-20) keV b with the AV18/UIX Hamiltonian, a factor of similar or equal to1.5 larger than the value adopted in the standard solar model. The P-wave transitions are found to be important, contributing about 40% of the calculated S factor. The energy dependence is rather weak: the AV18/UIX zero-energy S factor is 9.64 x 10(-20) keV b, only 5% smaller than the 10 keV result quoted above. The model dependence is also found to be weak: the zero-energy S factor is calculated to be 10.2 x 10(-20) keV b with the older AV14/UVIII model, only 6% larger than the AV18/UIX result. Our best estimate for the S factor at 10 keV is therefore (10.1+/-0.6) x 10(-20) keV b, when the theoretical uncertainty due to the model dependence is included. This value for the calculated S factor is not as large as determined in fits to the Super-Kamiokande data in which the hrp flux normalization is free. However, the precise calculation of the S factor and the consequent absolute prediction for the hrp neutrino flux will allow much greater discrimination among proposed solar neutrino oscillation solutions. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dept Phys, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. CALTECH, Phys Dept 161 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Univ Pisa, Dept Phys, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RI kievsky, alejandro/A-7123-2011 NR 91 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 015801 PG 28 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600052 ER PT J AU Oganessian, YT Utyonkov, VK Lobanov, YV Abdullin, FS Polyakov, AN Shirokovsky, IV Tsyganov, YS Gulbekian, GG Bogomolov, SL Gikal, BN Mezentsev, AN Iliev, S Subbotin, VG Sukhov, AM Ivanov, OV Buklanov, GV Subotic, K Itkis, MG Moody, KJ Wild, JF Stoyer, NJ Stoyer, MA Lougheed, RW Laue, CA Karelin, YA Tatarinov, AN AF Oganessian, YT Utyonkov, VK Lobanov, YV Abdullin, FS Polyakov, AN Shirokovsky, IV Tsyganov, YS Gulbekian, GG Bogomolov, SL Gikal, BN Mezentsev, AN Iliev, S Subbotin, VG Sukhov, AM Ivanov, OV Buklanov, GV Subotic, K Itkis, MG Moody, KJ Wild, JF Stoyer, NJ Stoyer, MA Lougheed, RW Laue, CA Karelin, YA Tatarinov, AN TI Observation of the decay of (292)116 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB We present the observation of the first decay event of the new nuclide (292)116 in the running experiment on the synthesis of Z=116 nuclei in the reaction Cm-248+Ca-48. The experiment is in progress at FLNR, JINR, Dubna. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Res Inst Atom Reactors, RU-433510 Dimitrovgrad, Russia. State Enterprise Electrohimpribor, RU-624200 Lesnoy, Russia. RP Oganessian, YT (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. NR 7 TC 278 Z9 289 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 011301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.63.011301 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600001 ER PT J AU Prout, DL Rapaport, J Sugarbaker, E Cooper, D Delucia, S Luther, B Goodman, CD Park, BK Rybarcyk, L Taddeucci, TN Ullmann, J AF Prout, DL Rapaport, J Sugarbaker, E Cooper, D Delucia, S Luther, B Goodman, CD Park, BK Rybarcyk, L Taddeucci, TN Ullmann, J TI Observation of the spin isovector monopole resonance using the Pb((p)over-right-arrow,(n)over-right-arrow) Bi reaction at 795 MeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GAMOW-TELLER STRENGTH; P-SHELL NUCLEI; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; GIANT-RESONANCES; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; CROSS-SECTIONS; P,N REACTIONS; EP=160 MEV; SCATTERING AB We examine a broad resonance in the 0 degrees Pb-208(p,n)Bi-208 and Zr-90(p,n)Nb-90 cross section spectra obtained at 795 MeV incident energy that appears at 32 MeV excitation energy in Bi-208 and Nb-90. Earlier data taken at 200 MeV incident energy using the same reactions show no evidence for this resonance. We present theoretical results indicating that the spin isovector monopole predicted at this excitation energy is barely excited at 200 MeV while it is strongly excited at the higher energy. To further investigate this structure we have measured the first complete set of polarization-transfer observables for Pb-nat at 0 degrees using the ((p) over right arrow,(n) over right arrow) reaction at 795 MeV. The data show this resonance is predominantly a spin flip DeltaS = 1 excitation giving strong supporting evidence for assigning this resonance as the spin isovector monopole. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Prout, DL (reprint author), DOE Remote Sensing Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89115 USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014603 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600035 ER PT J AU Walston, JR Gould, CR Haase, DG Raichle, BW Seely, ML Tornow, W Wilburn, WS Penttila, SI Hoffmann, GW AF Walston, JR Gould, CR Haase, DG Raichle, BW Seely, ML Tornow, W Wilburn, WS Penttila, SI Hoffmann, GW TI Low-energy NN tensor force from (n)over-right-arrow-(p)over-right-arrow scattering: Results of an accurate experimental approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-PROTON SCATTERING; POLARIZED ION-SOURCE; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; POTENTIAL MODELS; MESON-EXCHANGE; H-3((P)OVER-RIGHT-ARROW,(N)OVER-RIGHT-ARROW)HE-3; TARGETS AB The spin-dependent neutron-proton total cross-section differences Delta sigma (L) and Delta sigma (T) have been measured between E-n=5 and 20 MeV in longitudinal and transverse nucleon spin orientations. From these data the S-3(1)-D-3(1) mixing parameter epsilon (1), which characterizes the nucleon-nucleon tensor force at low and intermediate energies, was determined in a model-insensitive way. In combination with measurements at higher energies, our values for epsilon (1) support a nucleon-nucleon tensor interaction that is stronger than predicted by all modem high-precision nucleon-nucleon potential models and phase-shift analyses. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Walston, JR (reprint author), Magma Design Automat, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RI Gould, Christopher/M-7676-2013 NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014004 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600012 ER PT J AU Ward, D Svensson, CE Ragnarsson, I Baktash, C Bentley, MA Cameron, JA Carpenter, MP Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Devlin, M Diamond, RM Fallon, P Flibotte, S Galindo-Uribarri, A Haslip, DS Janssens, RVF Lampman, T Lane, GJ Lee, IY Lerma, F Macchiavelli, AO Paul, SD Radford, D Rudolph, D Sarantites, DG Schaly, B Seweryniak, D Stephens, FS Thelen, O Vetter, K Waddington, JC Wilson, JN Yu, CH AF Ward, D Svensson, CE Ragnarsson, I Baktash, C Bentley, MA Cameron, JA Carpenter, MP Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Devlin, M Diamond, RM Fallon, P Flibotte, S Galindo-Uribarri, A Haslip, DS Janssens, RVF Lampman, T Lane, GJ Lee, IY Lerma, F Macchiavelli, AO Paul, SD Radford, D Rudolph, D Sarantites, DG Schaly, B Seweryniak, D Stephens, FS Thelen, O Vetter, K Waddington, JC Wilson, JN Yu, CH TI Band structure of Ge-68 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FUSION-EVAPORATION REACTIONS; A-SIMILAR-TO-60 MASS REGION; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERDEFORMED BANDS; SHAPE COEXISTENCE; NUCLEI; DEFORMATIONS; GAMMASPHERE; STATES; SE-72 AB The nucleus Ge-68 has been studied by gamma-ray spectroscopy following its population at high spin in the reaction Ca-40(S-32,4p) Ge-68. The reaction channel was selected with the Microball array and gamma rays were detected with the Gammasphere array. The level scheme is very complex, reflecting the many different, and presumably mixed, excitation modes in this nucleus. Nevertheless, there appear to be some simplifications in the spin range above 18 (h) over bar where we have identified a superdeformed band and several terminating bands. The results are compared with a cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky model without pairing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Univ Lund, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Staffordshire Univ, Sch Sci, Stoke On Trent ST4 2DE, Staffs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Ward, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rudolph, Dirk/D-4259-2009; Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; radford, David/A-3928-2015; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Rudolph, Dirk/0000-0003-1199-3055; Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014301 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600015 ER PT J AU Wheldon, C Narro, JG Pearson, CJ Regan, PH Podolyak, Z Warner, DD Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Cromaz, M AF Wheldon, C Narro, JG Pearson, CJ Regan, PH Podolyak, Z Warner, DD Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Cromaz, M TI Yrast states in Os-194: The prolate-oblate transition region SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC REACTIONS; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENTS; NEUTRON-RICH; MASS REGION; NUCLEI; DEFORMATION; COLLISIONS; ENERGIES; SHAPES; BANDS AB Previously unidentified states in the neutron-rich nucleus Os-194 have been populated following a deep inelastic reaction using a 780 MeV Xe-136 beam on a thick Pt-198 target. gamma-gamma coincidence events were collected using the 8 pi detector array. The yrast band in Os-194 has been observed up to I-pi=(10(+)), for the first time. This represents the heaviest osmium nucleus where in-beam gamma -ray spectroscopy has been performed to date. The excitation energies of the new levels are compared to the systematics of the lighter even-even osmium nuclei. The evidence for a transition from prolate to oblate-deformed ground states in the heavy osmium nuclei is discussed and total Routhian surface calculations are presented. An alignment analysis together with cranked shell model calculations, suggest that the yrast states have a prolate shape, in contrast to earlier interpretations. Predictions for the neighboring even-even tungsten isotopes are also described. C1 Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. SERC, Daresbury Lab, CLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wheldon, C (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. EM cff@ns.ph.liv.ac.uk RI Wheldon, Carl/F-9203-2013 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 011304 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600004 ER PT J AU Wong, SMH Belkacem, M Kapusta, JI Bass, SA Bleicher, M Stocker, H AF Wong, SMH Belkacem, M Kapusta, JI Bass, SA Bleicher, M Stocker, H TI Bremsstrahlung from a microscopic model of relativistic heavy ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; PION AB We compute bremsstrahlung arising from the acceleration of individual charged baryons and mesons during the time evolution of high-energy Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider using a microscopic transport model. We elucidate the connection between bremsstrahlung and charge stopping by colliding artificial pure proton on pure neutron nuclei. From the intensity of low energy bremsstrahlung, the time scale and the degree of stopping could be accurately extracted without measuring any hadronic observables. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Wong, SMH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Bleicher, Marcus/A-2758-2010; Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013 OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014903 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 390ZX UT WOS:000166330600046 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kirby, M Kirk, M Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nicolaidi, P Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Riegler, W Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Signorelli, G Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BT Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kirby, M Kirk, M Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nicolaidi, P Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Riegler, W Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Signorelli, G Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BT Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of d sigma/dy for high mass Drell-Yan e(+)e(-) pairs from p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QED RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; UNIVERSAL MONTE-CARLO; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; K-FACTOR; ENERGIES; PHOTOS; QCD AB We report on the first measurement of the rapidity distribution d sigma /dy over nearly the entire kinematic region of rapidity for e(+)e(-) pairs in both the Z-boson region of 66 116 GeV/c(2). The data sample consists of 108 pb(-1) of p<(p)over bar> collisions at roots = 1.8 TeV taken by the Collider Detector at Fermilab during 1992-1995. The total cross section in the Z-boson region is measured to be 252+/-11 ph. The measured total cross section and d sigma /dy are compared with quantum chromodynamics calculations in leading and higher orders. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Korean Hadron Collider Lab, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Affolder, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 011101 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 389VG UT WOS:000166258900001 ER PT J AU Alton, A Adams, T Bolton, T Goldman, J Goncharov, M Naples, D Johnson, RA Vakili, M Suwonjandee, N Conrad, J Fleming, BT Formaggio, J Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S McNulty, C Romosan, A Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Vaitaitis, A Zimmerman, ED Bernstein, RH Bugel, L Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Nienaber, P Yu, J de Barbaro, L Buchholz, D Schellman, H Zeller, GP Brau, J Drucker, RB Frey, R Mason, D Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, P Bodek, A Budd, H Harris, DA McFarland, KS Sakumoto, WK Yang, UK AF Alton, A Adams, T Bolton, T Goldman, J Goncharov, M Naples, D Johnson, RA Vakili, M Suwonjandee, N Conrad, J Fleming, BT Formaggio, J Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S McNulty, C Romosan, A Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Vaitaitis, A Zimmerman, ED Bernstein, RH Bugel, L Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Nienaber, P Yu, J de Barbaro, L Buchholz, D Schellman, H Zeller, GP Brau, J Drucker, RB Frey, R Mason, D Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, P Bodek, A Budd, H Harris, DA McFarland, KS Sakumoto, WK Yang, UK TI Search for light-to-heavy quark flavor changing neutral currents in nu N-mu and (nu)over-bar(mu)N scattering at the Fermilab Tevatron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID 2 CHARGED LEPTONS; MESON PRODUCTION; DECAYS; RARE; CONSTRAINTS; TECHNICOLOR; BREAKING; LIMITS AB We report on a search for flavor-changing neutral-currents (FCNC) in the production of heavy quarks in deep inelastic nu N-mu and <()over bar>N-mu scattering by the NuTeV experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. This measurement, made possible by the high-purity NuTeV sign-selected beams, probes for FCNC in heavy flavors at the quark level, and is uniquely sensitive to neutrino couplings of potential FCNC mediators. All searches are consistent with zero, and limits on the effective mixing strengths \V-uc\(2), \V-db\(2), and \V-sb\(2) are obtained. C1 Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Alton, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 012001 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 389VG UT WOS:000166258900004 ER PT J AU Apanasevich, L Begel, M Bromberg, C Ferbel, T Ginther, G Huston, J Kuhlmann, SE Slattery, P Zielinski, M Zutshi, V AF Apanasevich, L Begel, M Bromberg, C Ferbel, T Ginther, G Huston, J Kuhlmann, SE Slattery, P Zielinski, M Zutshi, V TI Examination of direct-photon and pion production in proton-nucleon collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; TO-LEADING-ORDER; SOFT-GLUON RESUMMATION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; PP COLLISIONS; QCD PREDICTIONS; 200 GEV/C; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; HADRONIC COLLISIONS AB We present a study of inclusive direct-photon and pion production in hadronic interactions, focusing on a comparison of the ratio of gamma/pi (o) yields with expectations from next-to-leading order perturbative QCD. We also examine the impact of a phenomenological model involving k(T) smearing (which approximates effects of additional soft-gluon emission) on absolute predictions for photon and pion production and their ratio. C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. OI Begel, Michael/0000-0002-1634-4399 NR 68 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.63.014009 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 389VG UT WOS:000166258900022 ER PT J AU Berg, BA Markum, H Pullirsch, R Wettig, T AF Berg, BA Markum, H Pullirsch, R Wettig, T TI Spectrum of the U(1) staggered Dirac operator in four dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY-BREAKING; RANDOM-MATRIX THEORY; QCD; EIGENVALUES; FERMIONS; DENSITY; ENERGY; LIMIT AB We compare the low-lying spectrum of the staggered Dirac operator in the confining phase of compact U(1) gauge theory on the lattice to predictions of chiral random matrix theory. The small eigenvalues contribute to the chiral condensate similarly to the SU(2) and SU(3) gauge groups. Agreement with the chiral unitary ensemble is observed below the Thouless energy, which is extracted from the data and found to scale with the lattice size according to theoretical predictions. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Kernphys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014504 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 389VG UT WOS:000166258900042 ER PT J AU Buchalla, G Hiller, G Isidori, G AF Buchalla, G Hiller, G Isidori, G TI Phenomenology of nonstandard Z couplings in exclusive semileptonic b -> s transitions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BROKEN SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES; SYMMETRY-BREAKING SECTOR; BACKWARD ASYMMETRY; LEADING LOGARITHMS; NEUTRAL CURRENTS; QCD-CORRECTIONS; K-DECAY; V-UB; FLAVOR; K->PI-NU(NU)OVER-BAR AB The rare decays B --> K((*))l(+)l(-), B --> K-(*) <(nu )over bar> and B-s --> mu (+)mu (-) are analyzed in a generic scenario where new physics effects enter predominantly via Z penguin contributions. We show that this possibility is well motivated on theoretical grounds, as the (s) over bar bZ vertex is particularly susceptible to nonstandard dynamics. In addition, such a framework is also interesting phenomenologically since the (s) over bar bZ coupling is rather poorly constrained by present data. The characteristic features of this scenario for the relevant decay rates and distributions are investigated. We emphasize that both sign and magnitude of the forward-backward asymmetry of the decay leptons in (B) over bar --> (K) over barl(+)l(-), A(FB)(((B) over bar)), carry sensitive information on new physics. The observable A(FB)(((B) over bar)) + A(FB)((B)) is proposed as a useful probe of nonstandard CP violation in (s) over bar bZ couplings. C1 CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RP Buchalla, G (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 72 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014015 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 389VG UT WOS:000166258900028 ER PT J AU Dobrescu, BA AF Dobrescu, BA TI Minimal composite Higgs model with light bosons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; TOP-QUARK CONDENSATION; LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS; VACUUM MISALIGNMENT; STANDARD MODEL; MASS; TECHNICOLOR; MILLIMETER; HIERARCHY; COUPLINGS AB We analyze a composite Higgs model with the minimal content that allows a light standard-model-like Higgs boson, potentially just above the current CERN LEP limit. The Higgs boson is a bound state made up of the top quark and a heavy vector-like quark. The model predicts that only one other bound state may be lighter than the electroweak scale, namely a CP-odd neutral scalar. Several other composite scalars are expected to have masses in the TeV range. If the Higgs boson decay into a pair of CP-odd scalers is kinematically open, then this decay mode is dominant, with important implications for Higgs boson searches. The lower bound on the CP-odd scalar mass is loose, in some cases as low as similar to 100 MeV, being set only by astrophysical constraints. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Dobrescu, BA (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bdob@fnal.gov NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 015004 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 389VG UT WOS:000166258900046 ER PT J AU Gelis, F Tytgat, MHG AF Gelis, F Tytgat, MHG TI Anomalous processes at high temperature and density in a two-dimensional linear sigma model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MASSIVE SCHWINGER MODEL; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; GREEN-FUNCTIONS; REAL-TIME AB We use the two-dimensional sigma model as a toy model to study the behavior of anomalous amplitudes in the limit where the constituent quark mass is small. Symmetry arguments show that the pi (0) --> gamma amplitude should vanish if m --> 0, but we show that the one-loop pi (0) gamma amplitude does not satisfy this property because of infrared singularities. However, when a proper regularization (resummation of a thermal mass, for instance) is taken into account, this amplitude vanishes as expected. We also study the amplitude pi (0) sigma --> gamma and show that it does not vanish in the same limit. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 016001 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 389VG UT WOS:000166258900056 ER PT J AU Hinchliffe, I Kersting, N AF Hinchliffe, I Kersting, N TI Constraining CP violating phases of the minimal supersymmetric standard model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; B-DECAYS; EXPERIMENTAL LIMIT; SOFT PHASES; SUPERGRAVITY; NEUTRON; QCD; BREAKING AB Possible CP violation in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model is discussed. The consequences of CP violating phases in the gaugino masses, trilinear soft supersymmetry-breaking terms, and the mu parameter are explored. Utilizing the constraints on these parameters from electron and neutron electric dipole moments, possible CP violating effects in B physics are shown. A set of measurements from the B system, which would overconstrain the above CP violating phases, is illustrated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 015003 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 389VG UT WOS:000166258900045 ER PT J AU Silva, JP AF Silva, JP TI Matter effects in the D-0-(D-0)over-bar system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID REGENERATION; AMPLITUDE AB We discuss the impact of matter effects in the D-o-(D-o) over bar system. We show that such effects could, in principle, be measured, but that they cannot be used to probe the mass difference x(D) or the lifetime difference y(D). This occurs because the mixing effects and the matter effects decouple at short times. We also comment briefly on the B systems. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Inst Super Engn Lisboa, P-1900 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Silva, JP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Silva, Joao/A-2896-2009; Physics Department, ISEL/F-6664-2010 OI Silva, Joao/0000-0002-6455-9618; NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014002 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 389VG UT WOS:000166258900015 ER PT J AU Tait, TMP Yuan, CP AF Tait, TMP Yuan, CP TI Single top quark production as a window to physics beyond the standard model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID W-GLUON FUSION; ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; CHANGING NEUTRAL CURRENTS; HADRON COLLIDERS; FERMILAB-TEVATRON; QCD CORRECTIONS; YUKAWA CORRECTIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; PAIR PRODUCTION; CP VIOLATION AB Production of single top quarks at a high energy hadron collider is studied as a means to identify physics beyond the standard model related to the electroweak symmetry breaking. The sensitivity of the s-channel W* mode, the t-channel W-gluon fusion mode, and the tW(-) mode to various possible forms of new physics is assessed, and it is found that the three modes are sensitive to different forms of new physics, indicating that they provide complimentary information about the properties of the top quark. Polarization observables are also considered, and found to provide potentially useful information about the structure of the interactions of top quarks. C1 CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Tait, TMP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tait@anl.gov; yuan@pa.msu.edu NR 104 TC 195 Z9 195 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 014018 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.63.014018 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 389VG UT WOS:000166258900031 ER PT J AU White, AR AF White, AR TI Triangle anomaly in triple-Regge limits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; GAUGE-THEORY; UNITARITY; POMERON; VERTEX; QCD; ELECTRODYNAMICS; AMPLITUDES; ENERGY; POLE AB Reggeized gluon interactions due to a single quark loop are studied in the full triple-Regge limit and in closely related helicity-flip helicity-pole limits. Triangle diagram Reggeon interactions are generated that include local axial-vector effective vertices. It is shown that the massless quark triangle anomaly is present as a chirality-violating infrared divergence in the interactions generated by maximally nonplanar Feynman diagrams. An asymptotic dispersion relation formalism is developed which provides a systematic counting of anomaly contributions. The asymptotic amplitude is written as a sum over dispersion integrals of triple discontinuities, one set of which is unphysical and can produce chirality transitions. The physical-region anomaly appears in the generalized real parts, determined by multi-Regge theory, of the unphysical discontinuities. The amplitudes satisfy a signature conservation rule that implies color parity is not conserved by vertices containing the anomaly. In the scattering of elementary quarks or gluons the signature and color parity of the exchanged Reggeon states are such that the anomaly cancels. At lowest order, it cancels in individual diagrams after the transverse momentum integrations are performed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM arw@hep.anl.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 016007 PG 52 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 389VG UT WOS:000166258900062 ER PT J AU Dziarmaga, J AF Dziarmaga, J TI Stochastic gene expression: Density of defects frozen into permanent Turing patterns SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BIFURCATION; TRANSITIONS AB We estimate density of defects frozen into a biological Turing pattern which was turned on at a finite rate. Self-locking of gene expression in individual cells, which makes the Turing transition discontinuous, stabilizes the pattern together with its defects. Defects frozen into the pattern are a permanent record of the transition-they give an animal its own characteristic lifelong "fingerprints" or, as for vital organ formation, they can be fatal. Density of defects scales like the fourth root of the transition rate. This dependence is so weal; that there is not enough time during morphogenesis to get rid of defects simply by slowing down the rate. A defect-free pattern can be obtained by spatially inhomogeneous activation of the genes. If the supercritical density of activator spreads slower than certain threshold velocity, then the Turing pattern is expressed without any defects. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theory Div T6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. RP Dziarmaga, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theory Div T6, MS-B288, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dziarmaga@t6-serv.lanl.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 011909 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 392HD UT WOS:000166404900068 ER PT J AU Graner, F Jiang, Y Janiaud, E Flament, C AF Graner, F Jiang, Y Janiaud, E Flament, C TI Equilibrium states and ground state of two-dimensional fluid foams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR STRUCTURES; DOMAIN GROWTH; SOAP BUBBLES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; SURFACES; FROTH; R(2) AB We study the equilibrium energies of two-dimensional (2D) noncoarsening fluid foams, which consist of bubbles with fixed areas. The equilibrium states correspond to local minima of the total perimeter. We present a theoretical derivation of energy minima; experiments with ferrofluid foams, which can be either highly distorted, locally relaxed, or globally annealed; and Monte Carlo simulations using the extended large-Q Potts model. For a dry foam with small size variance we develop physical insight and an electrostatic analogy, which enables us to (i) find an approximate value of the global minimum perimeter, accounting for (small) area disorder, the topological distribution, and physical boundary conditions; (ii) conjecture the corresponding pattern and topology: small bubbles sort inward and large bubbles sort outward, topological charges of the same signs "repel" while charges of the opposite signs "attract;" (iii) define local and global markers to determine directly from an image how far a foam is from its ground state; (iv) conjecture that, in a local perimeter minimum at prescribed topology, the pressure distribution and thus the edge curvature are unique. Some results also apply to 3D foams. C1 CNRS, UMR 5588, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Univ Grenoble 1, Spectrometrie Phys Lab, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Milieux Desordonnes & Heterogenes, Paris 05, France. CNRS, UMR 7603, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, Unite Format & Rech Phys, F-75251 Paris 05, France. RP Graner, F (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 5588, Boite Postale 87, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. EM graner@ujf-grenoble.fr NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 011402 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 392HD UT WOS:000166404900034 PM 11304255 ER PT J AU Kalyuzhnyi, YV Cui, ST Cochran, HD AF Kalyuzhnyi, YV Cui, ST Cochran, HD TI Distribution functions of a simple fluid under shear. II. High shear rates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DENSE SIMPLE FLUIDS; NONEQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURE AB The distortion of structure of a simple, inverse 12 soft-sphere fluid undergoing plane Couctte flow is studied by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) and equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) with a high-shear-rate version of the nonequilibrium (NE) potential obtained recently from the NE distribution function theory of Can and Eu [Phys. Rev. A 45, 3670; 46, 6344 (1992)]. The theory suggests a NE potential under which the equilibrium structure of the fluid is that of a NE fluid, and also suggests a corresponding Ornstein-Zernike equation with its closure relations. As in the low-shear-rate case [Yu. V. Kalyuzhnyi, S. T. Cui, P. T. Cummings, and H. D. Cochran, Phys. Rev. E 60, 1716 (1999)] the agreement between EMD and the modified hypernetted chain version of the theory is good. Although the high-shear-rate version of the NE potential improves the agreement between NEMD and EMD results (in comparison with the low-shear-rate version), its predictions are still unsatisfactory. With the high-shear-rate NE potential, EMD gives qualitatively correct predictions only for the shift of the position of the first maximum of the NE distribution function. The corresponding changes in the magnitude of the first maximum predicted by EMD have an opposite direction in comparison with those predicted by NEMD. It is concluded that the NE potential used is not very successful, and more accurate models for the potential are needed. C1 Inst Condensed Matter Phys, UA-290011 Lviv, Ukraine. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kalyuzhnyi, YV (reprint author), Inst Condensed Matter Phys, Svientsitskoho 1, UA-290011 Lviv, Ukraine. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 011209 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 392HD UT WOS:000166404900027 ER PT J AU Maillet, JB Mareschal, M Soulard, L Ravelo, R Lomdahl, PS Germann, TC Holian, BL AF Maillet, JB Mareschal, M Soulard, L Ravelo, R Lomdahl, PS Germann, TC Holian, BL TI Uniaxial Hugoniostat: A method for atomistic simulations of shocked materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB An new equilibrium molecular-dynamics method (the uniaxial Hugoniostat) is proposed to study the energetics and deformation structures in shocked crystals. This method agrees well with nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations used to study shock-wave propagation in solids and liquids. C1 Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CECAM, F-69364 Lyon, France. CEA, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maillet, JB (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CECAM, 46 Allee Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 016121 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 392HF UT WOS:000166405100026 PM 11304328 ER PT J AU Manciu, M Sen, S Hurd, AJ AF Manciu, M Sen, S Hurd, AJ TI Crossing of identical solitary waves in a chain of elastic beads SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GRANULAR COLUMNS; HERTZ CONTACT; SOLITONS; COMPACTONS; ROD AB We consider a chain of elastic beads subjected to vanishingly weak loading conditions, i.e., the beads are barely in contact. The grains repel upon contact via the Hertz-type potential, V infinity delta (n) > 2, where delta greater than or equal to0, delta being the grain-grain overlap. Our dynamical simulations build on several earlier studies by Nesterenko, Coste, and Sen and co-workers that have shown that an impulse propagates as a solitary wave of fixed spatial extent (dependent only upon n) through a chain of Hertzian beads and demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that colliding solitary waves in the chain spawn a well-defined hierarchy of multiple secondary solitary waves, which is similar to 0.5% of the energy of the original solitary waves. Our findings have interesting parallels with earlier observations by Rosenau and colleagues [P. Rosenau and J. M. Hyman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 564 (1993); P. Rosenau, ibid. 73, 1737 (1994); Phys. Lett. A 211, 265 (1996)] regarding colliding compactons. To the best of our knowledge, there is no formal theory that describes the dynamics associated with the formation of secondary solitary waves. Calculations suggest that the formation of secondary solitary waves may be a Fundamental property of certain discrete systems. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Adv Photon & Elect Mat, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1841, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Manciu, M (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Manciu, Marian/C-7247-2017 OI Manciu, Marian/0000-0003-4821-4131 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 016614 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 392HF UT WOS:000166405100083 PM 11304385 ER PT J AU Martin, JE AF Martin, JE TI Thermal chain model of electrorheology and magnetorheology SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATORY SHEAR; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; SUSPENSIONS; FLUIDS; SIMULATION; FLOW; ER AB Steady shear simulations of electrorheology (ER) and magnetorheology (MR) in a uniaxial field are presented. These large scale simulations are three dimensional, and include the effect of Brownian motion. In the absence of thermal fluctuations, the expected shear thinning viscosity is observed and a striped phase is seen to rapidly form in a uniaxial held, with a shear slip zone in each sheet. However, as the influence of Brownian motion increases, the fluid stress decreases, especially at lower Mason numbers, and the striped phase eventually disappears, even when the fluid stress is still high. To account for the uniaxial steady sheer data we propose a microscopic chain model of the role played by thermal Fluctuations on the rheology of ER and MR fluids that delineates the regimes where an applied field can impact the fluid viscosity, and gives an analytical prediction for the thermal effect. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 011406 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 392HD UT WOS:000166404900038 PM 11304259 ER PT J AU Sukhorukov, AA Kivshar, YS Bang, O Soukoulis, CM AF Sukhorukov, AA Kivshar, YS Bang, O Soukoulis, CM TI Parametric localized modes in quadratic nonlinear photonic structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP MATERIALS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; CRYSTAL; SOLITONS; LATTICES; TRANSMISSION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; LIGHT AB We analyze two-color spatially localized nonlinear modes formed by parametrically coupled fundamental and second-harmonic fields excited at quadratic (or chi ((2))) nonlinear interfaces embedded in a linear layered structure-a quadratic nonlinear photonic crystal. For a periodic lattice of nonlinear interfaces, we derive an effective discrete model for the amplitudes of the fundamental and second-harmonic waves at the interfaces (the so-called discrete chi ((2)) equations) and find, numerically and analytically, the spatially localized solutions-discrete gap solitons. For a single nonlinear interface in a linear superlattice, we study the properties of two-color localized modes, and describe both similarities to and differences from quadratic solitons in homogeneous media. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Opt Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Math Modelling, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Opt Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RI Sukhorukov, Andrey/B-2394-2010; Bang, Ole/E-6158-2010; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 OI Sukhorukov, Andrey/0000-0002-5116-5425; NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 016615 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.63.016615 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 392HF UT WOS:000166405100084 ER PT J AU Vanossi, A Roder, J Bishop, AR Bortolani, V AF Vanossi, A Roder, J Bishop, AR Bortolani, V TI Driven, underdamped Frenkel-Kontorova model on a quasiperiodic substrate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STICK-SLIP MOTION; HAMILTONIAN-SYSTEMS; FRICTION; STATES; MAP AB We consider the underdamped dynamics of a chain of atoms subject to a de driving force and a quasiperiodic substrate potential. The system has three inherent length scales which we take to be mutually incommensurate. We find that when the length scales are related by the spiral mean (a cubic irrational) there exists a value of the interparticle interaction strength above which the static friction is zero. When the length scales are related by the golden mean (a quadratic irrational) the static friction is always nonzero. From considerations based on the connection of this problem to standard map theory, we postulate that zero static friction is generally possible for incommensurate ratios of the length scales involved. However, when the length scales are quadratic irrationals, or have some commensurability with each other, the static friction will be nonzero for all choices of interaction parameters. We also comment on the nature of the depinning mechanisms and the steady states achieved by the moving chain. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Modena, INFM, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Univ Modena, Dipartimento Fis, I-41100 Modena, Italy. RP Vanossi, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 017203 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 392HF UT WOS:000166405100092 ER PT J AU Wood, WW Erpenbeck, JJ Baker, GA Johnson, JD AF Wood, WW Erpenbeck, JJ Baker, GA Johnson, JD TI Molecular dynamics ensemble, equation of state, and ergodicity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MICROCANONICAL ENSEMBLE AB The variant of the NVE ensemble known as the molecular dynamics ensemble was recently redefined by Ray and Zhang [Phys. Rev. E 59, 4781 (1999)] to include the specification of a time invariant G (a function of phase and, explicitly, the time) in addition to the total linear momentum M. We reformulate this ensemble slightly as the NVEMR ensemble, in which RIN is the center-of-mass position, and consider the equation of state of the hard-sphere system in this ensemble through both the virial function and the Boltzmann entropy. We test the quasiergodic hypothesis by a comparison of old molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo results for the compressibility factor of the 12-particle, hard-disk systems. The virial approach, which had previously been found to support the hypothesis in the NVEM ensemble, remains unchanged in the NVEMR ensemble. The entropy S approach depends on whether S is defined through the phase integral over the energy sphere or the energy shell, the parameter theta being 0 or 1, respectively. The ergodic hypothesis is found to be supported for theta = 0 but not for theta = 1. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wood, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 011106 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 392HD UT WOS:000166404900012 ER PT J AU Edwards, KW Janicek, R Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Bean, A Besson, D Davis, R Kwak, N Zhao, X Anderson, S Frolov, VV Kubota, Y Lee, SJ Mahapatra, R O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Stepaniak, CJ Urheim, J Ahmed, S Alam, MS Athar, SB Jian, L Ling, L Saleem, M Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Eckhart, E Gan, KK Gwon, C Hart, T Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pedlar, TK Schwarthoff, H Thayer, JB von Toerne, E Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Undrus, A Chen, S Fast, J Hinson, JW Lee, J Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Pavlunin, V Cronin-Hennessy, D Lyon, AL Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Maravin, Y Narsky, I Stroynowski, R Ye, J Wlodek, T Artuso, M Ayad, R Boulahouache, C Bukin, K Dambasuren, E Karamov, S Majumder, G Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Wang, JC Wolf, A Wu, J Kopp, S Mahmood, AH Csorna, SE Danko, I McLean, KW Marka, S Xu, Z Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D McGee, S Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Lipeles, E Pappas, SP Schmidtler, M Shapiro, A Sun, WM Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Jaffe, DE Masek, G Paar, HP Potter, EM Prell, S Sharma, V Asner, DM Eppich, A Hill, TS Morrison, RJ Briere, RA Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Blanc, F Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Dickson, M Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Jones, CD Kreinick, DL Lohner, M Magerkurth, A Meyer, TO Mistry, NB Nordberg, E Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Thayer, JG Thies, PG Valant-Spaight, B Warburton, A Avery, P Prescott, C Rubiera, AI Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Yamamoto, H Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Plager, C Sedlack, C Selen, M Thaler, JJ Williams, J AF Edwards, KW Janicek, R Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Bean, A Besson, D Davis, R Kwak, N Zhao, X Anderson, S Frolov, VV Kubota, Y Lee, SJ Mahapatra, R O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Stepaniak, CJ Urheim, J Ahmed, S Alam, MS Athar, SB Jian, L Ling, L Saleem, M Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Eckhart, E Gan, KK Gwon, C Hart, T Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pedlar, TK Schwarthoff, H Thayer, JB von Toerne, E Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Undrus, A Chen, S Fast, J Hinson, JW Lee, J Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Pavlunin, V Cronin-Hennessy, D Lyon, AL Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Maravin, Y Narsky, I Stroynowski, R Ye, J Wlodek, T Artuso, M Ayad, R Boulahouache, C Bukin, K Dambasuren, E Karamov, S Majumder, G Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Wang, JC Wolf, A Wu, J Kopp, S Mahmood, AH Csorna, SE Danko, I McLean, KW Marka, S Xu, Z Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D McGee, S Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Lipeles, E Pappas, SP Schmidtler, M Shapiro, A Sun, WM Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Jaffe, DE Masek, G Paar, HP Potter, EM Prell, S Sharma, V Asner, DM Eppich, A Hill, TS Morrison, RJ Briere, RA Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Blanc, F Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Dickson, M Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Jones, CD Kreinick, DL Lohner, M Magerkurth, A Meyer, TO Mistry, NB Nordberg, E Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Thayer, JG Thies, PG Valant-Spaight, B Warburton, A Avery, P Prescott, C Rubiera, AI Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Yamamoto, H Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Plager, C Sedlack, C Selen, M Thaler, JJ Williams, J CA CLEO Collaboration TI Study of B decays to charmonium states: B -> eta K-c and B -> chi K-c0 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MESON DECAYS; FACTORIZATION; DETECTOR; PARITY AB In a sample of 9.66 x 10(6) B(B) over bar pairs collected with the CLEO detector we make the first observation of B decays to an eta (c) and a kaon. We measure branching fractions B(B+ --> eta K-c(+)) = (0.69(-0.21)(+0.26) +/- 0.08 +/- 0.20) x 10(-3) and B(B degrees --> eta K-c degrees) = (1.09(-0.42)(+0.55) +/- 0.12 +/- 0.31) x 10(-3), where the first error is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is from the eta (c) branching fraction uncertainty. From these we extract the eta (c) decay constant in the factorization approximation, f(eta), = 335 +/- 75 MeV. We also search for B decays to a chi (c0) and a kaon. No evidence for a signal is found and we set 90% C.L. upper limits: B(B+ --> chi K-c0(+)) < 4.8 x 10(-4) and B(B --> chi K-c0 degrees) < 5.0 x 10(-4). C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas Pan Amer, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Edwards, KW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014 OI Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731 NR 23 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 1 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.30 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 388QK UT WOS:000166192800008 ER PT J AU Melnitchouk, W AF Melnitchouk, W TI Local duality predictions for x similar to 1 structure functions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; SPIN STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS G(1); BLOOM-GILMAN DUALITY; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; SCATTERING; RESONANCES; DEUTERON; PROTON AB Recent data on the proton F-2 structure function in the resonance region suggest that local quark-hadron duality works remarkably well for each of the low-lying resonances, including the elastic, to rather low values of Q(2). We derive model-independent relations between structure functions at x similar to 1 and elastic electromagnetic form factors, and predict the x --> 1 behavior of nucleon polarization asymmetries and the neutron to proton structure function ratios from available data on nucleon electric and magnetic form factors. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Melnitchouk, W (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 34 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.35 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 388QK UT WOS:000166192800009 ER PT J AU del Campo, JG Galindo-Uribarri, A Beene, JR Gross, CJ Liang, JF Halbert, ML Stracener, DW Shapira, D Varner, RL Chavez-Lomeli, E Ortiz, ME AF del Campo, JG Galindo-Uribarri, A Beene, JR Gross, CJ Liang, JF Halbert, ML Stracener, DW Shapira, D Varner, RL Chavez-Lomeli, E Ortiz, ME TI Decay of a resonance in Ne-18 by the simultaneous emission of two protons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-PROTON EMISSION; SCATTERING; STATE AB Radioactive ion beams of F-17 were used to study several resonance states in Ne-18. Clear evidence for simultaneous two-proton emission from the 6.15 MeV state (J(pi) = l(-)) in Ne-18 has been observed with the reaction F-17 + H-1. Because of limited angular coverage, the data did not differentiate between the two possible mechanisms of simultaneous decay, diproton (He-2) emission or direct three-body decay. The two-proton partial width was found to be 21 +/- 3 eV assuming He-2 emission and 57 +/- 6 eV assuming three-body decay. The total width of the l(-) state was measured to be 50 +/- 5 keV. Several additional resonances that decay by single proton emission were also studied. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. RP del Campo, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 388QK UT WOS:000166192800011 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, AH Dejus, R Berg, WJ Borland, M Chae, YC Moog, E Sereno, NS Yang, BX AF Lumpkin, AH Dejus, R Berg, WJ Borland, M Chae, YC Moog, E Sereno, NS Yang, BX TI First observation of z-dependent electron-beam microbunching using coherent transition radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; HIGH-GAIN; LASER; DIAGNOSTICS; FEL; REGIME AB We report the first measurements of the electron-beam microbunching z dependence in a self-amplified spontaneous-emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) experiment by the observation of visible wavelength coherent transition radiation (CTR). In this case the fundamental SASE wavelength was at 537 nm, and the CTR exhibited an exponential intensity growth similar to the SASE radiation. In addition, we observed for the first time structure in the CTR angular distribution patterns that may he useful for optimizing SASE FEL performance. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.79 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 388QK UT WOS:000166192800020 ER PT J AU Lumsden, MD Sales, BC Mandrus, D Nagler, SE Thompson, JR AF Lumsden, MD Sales, BC Mandrus, D Nagler, SE Thompson, JR TI Weak ferromagnetism and field-induced spin reorientation in K2V3O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORBIT AB Magnetization and neutron diffraction studies of the 2D S = 1/2 antiferromagnet, K2V3O8, indicate an ordered state exhibiting weak ferromagnetism and field-induced spin reorientations. Of particular interest is the behavior in a basal plane magnetic field where a unique spin reorientation is observed in which the spins rotate from the easy c axis to the basal plane while remaining normal to the applied field. The experimental observations are well described by a two spin exchange model incorporating Heisenberg and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions with an additional c-axis anisotropy. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lumsden, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 NR 15 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 1 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.159 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 388QK UT WOS:000166192800040 ER PT J AU Bai, M Brown, KA Fischer, W Roser, T Tsoupas, N van Zeijts, J AF Bai, M Brown, KA Fischer, W Roser, T Tsoupas, N van Zeijts, J TI Reply to "Comment on 'Adiabatic excitation of longitudinal bunch shape oscillations'" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Editorial Material AB Response is made to J. A. MacLachlan's preceding Comment [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 4, 017001 (2001)]. We are gratified to see that high quality simulations, as presented by MacLachlan, verify our experimental results. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bai, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JAN PY 2001 VL 4 IS 1 AR 019002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.4.019002 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 433EL UT WOS:000168744500008 ER PT J AU Brown, KA Bai, M Fischer, W Roser, T AF Brown, KA Bai, M Fischer, W Roser, T TI Multiparticle simulation of adiabatic excitation of longitudinal parametric resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB In order to further understand phenomena observed during studies of adiabatic excitation of longitudinal bunch shape oscillations [M. Bai et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 3, 064001 (2000)], we have developed a simulation using a one-turn map. In this report we will present the physical foundations for the simulation and the methods used in the simulator. We will present simulation results using parameters of actual experiments, along with the corresponding experimental results. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brown, KA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JAN PY 2001 VL 4 IS 1 AR 014001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.4.014001 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 433EL UT WOS:000168744500005 ER PT J AU Cai, YH Chao, AW Tzenov, SI Tajima, T AF Cai, YH Chao, AW Tzenov, SI Tajima, T TI Simulation of the beam-beam effects in e(+)e(-) storage rings with a method of reduced region of mesh SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-POSITRON COLLIDERS AB A highly accurate self-consistent particle code to simulate the beam-beam collision in e(+)e(-) storage rings has been developed. It adopts a method of solving the Poisson equation with an open boundary. The method consists of two steps: assigning the potential on a finite boundary using Green's function and then solving the potential inside the boundary with a fast Poisson solver. Since the solution of Poisson's equation is unique, our solution is exactly the same as the one obtained by simply using Green's function. The method allows us to select a much smaller region of mesh and therefore increase the resolution of the solver. The better resolution makes more accurate the calculation of the dynamics in the core of the beams. The luminosity simulated with this method agrees quantitatively with the measurement for the PEP-II B Factory ring in the linear and nonlinear beam current regimes, demonstrating its predictive capability in detail. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cai, YH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JAN PY 2001 VL 4 IS 1 AR 011001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.4.011001 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 433EL UT WOS:000168744500002 ER PT J AU Catalan-Lasheras, N Lee, YY Ludewig, H Simos, N Wei, J AF Catalan-Lasheras, N Lee, YY Ludewig, H Simos, N Wei, J TI Optimization of the collimation system for the Spallation Neutron Source accumulator ring - art no. 010101 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB The collimation system for the Spallation Neutron Source accumulator ring is designed for a capture efficiency close to 95% of the proton beam halo, dissipating about 2 kW of beam power. The collimation system consists of a two-stage collimation system (one scraper and two absorbers) cleaning the transverse halo and a beam-in-gap kicker system cleaning the gap residual and longitudinal halo. Preliminary studies indicate that a maximum level of uncontrolled loss of 0.01% of the total beam is achievable. On the other hand, the energy lost in the primary scraper may kick protons outside the rf bucket concentrating uncontrolled losses in areas of maximum dispersion. We use Monte Carlo simulations to clarify some beam dynamic issues that may compromise the high efficiency required. The material interacting with the beam and the shape of the scraper and absorbers have been carefully chosen to maximize the collimation efficiency and to minimize radioactivation. Furthermore, a realistic distribution of losses around the machine is used to identify potential hot areas. Finally, we determine the sensitivity of the collimation efficiency to misalignments and closed orbit errors. This paper describes the latest design of the collimation system and summarizes the results of these numerical studies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Catalan-Lasheras, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JAN PY 2001 VL 4 IS 1 AR 010101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.4.010101 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 433EL UT WOS:000168744500001 ER PT J AU MacLachlan, JA AF MacLachlan, JA TI Comment on "Adiabatic excitation of longitudinal bunch shape oscillations" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Editorial Material AB This comment takes up the suggestion of the authors that it could be informative to model the excitation of the bunch shape oscillations using multiparticle tracking. The experiment they report employs an 80% modulation of the rf amplitude at approximately twice the synchrotron frequency; the first-order perturbation analysis given in the paper is not suitable for quantitative comparison to the experimental observations. The tracking code ESME is used to model the conditions of the experiment. The potential well distortion arising from image charge and current and a broadband longitudinal impedance of Z(parallel to)/n = 6 Omega was considered as an additional perturbation which also varies at the modulating frequency. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP MacLachlan, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JAN PY 2001 VL 4 IS 1 AR 019001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.4.019001 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 433EL UT WOS:000168744500007 ER PT J AU Leys, FE March, NH Van Doren, VE Straub, G AF Leys, FE March, NH Van Doren, VE Straub, G TI Quantitative description of departures from the law of rectilinear diameters in the liquid-vapour coexistence curves of Rb and Cs SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE rectilinear diameters; fluid metals ID METALS AB Using the experimental data of Hensel and co-workers for the liquid-vapour coexistence curve of Rb, it is demonstrated that the average density (rho (l) + rho (g))/2, with l for liquid and g for gas, measured in units of the critical density, is linear in the variable (1 - (T/T-c))(2/3), T-c being the critical temperature. The long-range polarization interaction exposed by Blazej and March in liquid metals is proposed as the underlying reason for this marked departure from the law of rectilinear diameters. C1 Univ Antwerp, RUCA, Dept Phys, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. RP Leys, FE (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, RUCA, Dept Phys, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0031-9104 J9 PHYS CHEM LIQ JI Phys. Chem. Liq. PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1080/00319100108030334 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 435VK UT WOS:000168902700001 ER PT J AU Marghitu, O Blagau, A Vogt, J Klecker, B Haerendel, G Mobius, E McFadden, JP Carlson, CW Strangeway, R Elphic, R AF Marghitu, O Blagau, A Vogt, J Klecker, B Haerendel, G Mobius, E McFadden, JP Carlson, CW Strangeway, R Elphic, R TI Observational evidence for a potential relationship between visible auroral arcs and ion beams - A case study SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH PART C-SOLAR-TERRESTIAL AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Alfven Conference on Auroral Particle Acceleration CY MAY 03-07, 1999 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP EGS ID IONOSPHERIC ACCELERATION MECHANISM; ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; FIELD; SATELLITE; CURRENTS; REGION; MOTION; FLUXES; EVENTS; SHOCKS AB Ground optical data in conjunction with particle measurements from FAST orbit 1859 are presented. The satellite crosses the camera field of view for about 2.5 minutes. The recorded data show a large inverted-V with embedded ion beams, pattern most probably resulted from altitude shifts of the lower border of the acceleration region. The optical observations cover a longer period, and enable connection of satellite determined features with later developments of the auroral structure. On this longer time scale small enhancements in the energy flux pumped into ionosphere, coincident with ion beams, seem to amplify and evolve into fully developed visible arcs. Field aligned electron precipitation measured in front of the ion beams together with normal motion of the auroral structure contribute to building up a coherent: scenario. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Space Sci, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Marghitu, O (reprint author), Inst Space Sci, POB MG-23, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. OI Moebius, Eberhard/0000-0002-2745-6978 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1464-1917 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH PT C JI Phys. Chem. Earth Pt. C-Solar-Terr. Planet. Sci. PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1-3 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S1464-1917(00)00112-4 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 395BG UT WOS:000166558400030 ER PT S AU Raubenheimer, TO AF Raubenheimer, TO BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Progress in the next linear collider design SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders ID FOCUS TEST BEAM AB An electron/positron linear collider with a center-of-mass energy between 0.5 and 1 TeV would be an important complement to the physics program of the LHC. The Next Linear Collider (NLC) is being designed by a US collaboration (FNAL, LBNL, LLNL, and SLAC) which is working closely with the Japanese collaboration that is designing the Japanese Linear Collider (JLC). The NLC main linacs are based on normal conducting 11 GHz rf. This paper will discuss the technical difficulties encountered as well as the many changes that have been made to the NLC design over the last year, These changes include improvements to the X-band rf system as well as modifications to the injector and the beam delivery system. They are based on new conceptual solutions as well as results from the R&D programs which have exceeded initial specifications. The net effect has been to reduce the length of the collider from about 32 km to 25 km and to reduce the number of klystrons and modulators by a factor of two. Together these lead to significant cost savings. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Raubenheimer, TO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 53 EP 64 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600004 ER PT S AU Arthur, J AF Arthur, J BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI X-ray free-electron lasers: Scientific goals and machine implications SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB Free electron lasers are now being designed which will operate at wavelengths down to about 1. [1]. The physics of the high-gain, single pass FEL process requires extremely bright electron pulses in the 10-20 GeV range. This electron brightness should be achievable using an RF-photocathode source and a linear accelerator, such as the initial acceleration stage of a TeV-range linear electron-positron collider. The x-ray FEL radiation produced will have unique properties. In particular: The FEL peak intensity and peak brightness will be many orders of magnitude higher than can be produced by any other source. The pulse length will be less than 1 picosecond, orders of magnitude shorter than can be achieved with any other bright source such as a synchrotron. The FEL radiation will have full transverse coherence and a degeneracy parameter (photons/coherence volume) equal to 109 or more. No other source can produce hard x-radiation with a degeneracy parameter significantly greater than 1. These properties offer the chance to study chemical, biological, and condensed matter dynamical processes with sub-picosecond time resolution and angstrom spatial resolution. [2] The high peak power of the FEL radiation (greater than 10(14) W/cm(2)) could be used to create precisely-controlled chemical and structural modifications inside samples. There is also the possibility that nonlinear x-ray interactions could be used to give increased resolution for spectroscopic studies, to greatly expand the parameter space for atomic physics studies, and to permit new fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. The exploration of these new x-ray techniques will require considerable development, not only in technical areas such as optics and detectors, but also in understanding the basic physics of the interaction of very intense x-radiation with matter. A large collaboration of US institutions is now conducting preliminary research and development in these areas, with the intention of creating an FEL operating at 1.5 in about the year 2006. [3] Germany also has a strong short-wavelength FEL research program, with a soft x-ray FEL under construction and a proposal for a future large facility based at the TESLA linear collider, [4] which would produce a variety of hard and soft x-ray laser beams. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC03-76SF00515. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Arthur, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 122 EP 123 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600010 ER PT S AU Dawson, S Reina, L AF Dawson, S Reina, L BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Top quark yukawa couplings and new physics SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders ID HIGGS RADIATION; DIMENSIONS AB We discuss associated production of a Higgs boson with a pair of t (t) over bar quarks at a future high energy e(+)e(-) collider. The process e(+)e(-) --> t (t) over barh is particularly sensitive to the presence of new physics and we consider the MSSM and models with extra dimensions at the TeV scale as examples. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600024 ER PT S AU Logan, HE AF Logan, HE BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Can we distinguish an MSSM Higgs from a SM Higgs at a linear collider? SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB We study the prospects for distinguishing the CP-even Higgs boson of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) from the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson by measuring its branching ratios at an e(+)e(-) linear collider. The regions of the M-A - tan beta plane in which an MSSM Higgs boson can be distinguished from the SM Higgs boson depend strongly upon the supersymmetric parameters that enter the radiative corrections to the Higgs mass matrix and the Higgs couplings to fermions. In some regions of parameter space it is possible to extract the supersymmetric correction to the relation between the b quark mass and its Yukawa coupling from Higgs branching ratio measurements. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Logan, HE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600029 ER PT S AU Heinemeyer, S Weiglein, G AF Heinemeyer, S Weiglein, G BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Higgs production and decay in the MSSM: status and perspectives SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; BOSON MASSES; 2-LOOP LEVEL; RENORMALIZATION; PHENOMENOLOGY; LEP; COUPLINGS; SEARCHES AB The theoretical predictions in the MSSM for Higgs-boson production at a future e(+)e(-) Linear Collider and Higgs-boson decay processes are discussed focusing in particular on recent diagrammatic two-loop results in the MSSM Higgs sector. The present status of the theoretical predictions is briefly summarized, and it is emphasized that considerable improvements will be necessary in order to match the high experimental accuracy achievable at a future Linear Collider. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, HET, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Heinemeyer, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, HET, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 275 EP 279 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600030 ER PT S AU Magill, SR AF Magill, SR BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI QCD/Two-Photon Physics - Summary report SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB This report summarizes the contributions to and discussions of the QCD/Two-Photon Physics working group. Topics covered in the working group parallel session were related to precision measurements of a, and various QCD aspects of photon interactions including real and virtual photon structure and QCD dynamics. Also, reports on progress in theoretical and calculational techniques related to QCD processes at ail e(+)e(-) linear collider were presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Magill, SR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 367 EP 372 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600049 ER PT S AU Heinemeyer, S Weiglein, G AF Heinemeyer, S Weiglein, G BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Electroweak precision tests with GigaZ SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders ID EVEN HIGGS BOSONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; MASSES; MSSM; OBSERVABLES; QUARK AB By running the prospective high-energy e(+)e(-) collider TESLA in the GigaZ mode on the Z resonance, experiments can be performed on the basis of more than 10(9) Z events. This will allow the measurement of the effective electroweak mixing angle to an accuracy of delta sin(2) theta(eff) approximate to +/-1 x 10(-5). The W boson mass is likewise expected to be measurable with an error of deltaM(W) approximate to +/-6 MeV near the W+W- threshold. We review the electroweak precision tests that can be performed with these high precision measurements within the Standard Model (SM) and its minimal Supersymmetric extension (MSSM). The complementarity of direct measurements at a prospective linear e(+)e(-) collider and indirect constraints following from the measurements performed at GigaZ is emphasized. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, HET, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Heinemeyer, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, HET, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 511 EP 514 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600076 ER PT S AU Rowson, PC Woods, M AF Rowson, PC Woods, M BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Experimental issues for precision electroweak physics at a high-luminosity Z factory SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB We discuss the ultimate precision for A(LR), and therefore for the weak mixing angle, at a high luminosity Linear Collider. Drawing on our experience at the SLC, and considering various machine parameter sets for the NLC and for TESLA, it emerges that a compromise between peak luminosity and precision will be a likely outcome. This arises due to the severe requirements on the uncertainty in the luminosity weighted collision energy (E-CM). We consider the cases with and without a polarized positron beam. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Rowson, PC (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 515 EP 520 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600077 ER PT S AU Tait, TMP AF Tait, TMP BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Anomalous W(+)W(-)t(t)over-bar couplings at the LC SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders ID TOP-QUARK COUPLINGS; GAUGE BOSONS; PHYSICS; MODEL AB We study production of t (t) over bar via W+W- -fusion, including the relevant backgrounds at the proposed Linear Collider (an e(+) e(-) collider with rootS = 1.5 TeV) in the context of a Higssless Standard Model (HSM), i.e. a nonlinear SU(2)(L) x U(1)gamma chiral Lagrangian, including dimension five W+W- t (T) over bar interactions. Deviation from the HSM predictions can be used to constrain the coefficients of these operators to an order of 10(-1) (divided by the cut-off scale Lambda = 3.1 TeV) with a 95% C.L.. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tait, TMP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 560 EP 563 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600087 ER PT S AU Barklow, TL AF Barklow, TL BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Strong symmetry breaking signals in e(+)e(-)-> W+W- at root s=800 GeV SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders ID E(+/-)E(-) LINEAR COLLIDERS; INTERACTING VECTOR BOSONS AB The sensitivity of e(+)e(-) linear colliders to strong W+W- scattering effects in e(+)e(-) --> W+W- is examined. Past studies have concentrated on e(+)e(-) linear colliders with center-of-mass energies of more than 1 TeV and integrated luminosities of less than 200 fb(-1). Here we review the strong symmetry breaking signals that can be observed with center-of-mass energies of 0.5 - 0.8 TeV and luminosities of 300 - 500 fb(-1). C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Barklow, TL (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 568 EP 572 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600089 ER PT S AU Davoudiasl, H AF Davoudiasl, H BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Probing the geometry of the universe at the NLC SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders ID BULK FIELDS; HIERARCHY; MODEL; PHENOMENOLOGY; DIMENSIONS; GRAVITY AB The hierarchy problem in particle physics has recently been approached from a geometric point of view in different models, These approaches postulate the existence of extra dimensions with various geometric properties, to explain how the hierarchy between the apparent scale of gravity (M) over bar (p) similar to 10(18) GeV and the weak scale m(w) similar to 100 GeV can be generated. Generally, these models predict that the effects of gravity mediated interactions become strong at the weak scale. This fact makes the NLC a promising tool for testing such extra dimensional models. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Davoudiasl, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 591 EP 594 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600092 ER PT S AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, TG BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Randall-Sundrum phenomenology at linear colliders SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders ID HIERARCHY AB The physics of the Randall-Sundrum model relevant for future linear colliders is briefly summarized. The differences between the case where Standard Model(SM) fields are on the wall and where they are in the bulk are emphasized. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Rizzo, TG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600093 ER PT S AU Graf, NA AF Graf, NA BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Physics and detector simulations SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB A brief summary and synthesis of topics presented during the tools parallel sessions. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Graf, NA (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 633 EP 633 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600101 ER PT S AU Cassell, R AF Cassell, R BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Full LCD detector simulation with GISMO SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB We present a status update of a full simulation package using GISMO(1). This package is a functioning tool producing simulation data for the two standard LCD detector designs, in a framework allowing easy changes to the detector designs. The simulation engine, GISMO, is separated from the application code, GISMOAPPS, to allow for a future upgrade to GEANT4 within the same framework. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Represent LCD Simulat Grp, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Cassell, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Represent LCD Simulat Grp, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 654 EP 657 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600106 ER PT S AU Bower, G Cassell, R Graf, N Johnson, T Ronan, M AF Bower, G Cassell, R Graf, N Johnson, T Ronan, M BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Java based LCD reconstruction and analysis tools SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB We summarize the current status and future developments of the North American Group's Java-based system for studying physics and detector design issues at a linear collider. The system is built around Java Analysis Studio (JAS) an experiment-independent Java-based utility for data analysis. Although the system is an integrated package running in JAS, many parts of it are also standalone Java utilities. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bower, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 662 EP 665 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600108 ER PT S AU Gronberg, J Hertzbach, SS Keller, L Markiewicz, T Maruyama, T AF Gronberg, J Hertzbach, SS Keller, L Markiewicz, T Maruyama, T BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI NLC interaction region layout and background estimates SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB The design of the final focus system has been modified since the previous LC workshop in Sitges. The system has a reduced length and the front face of the final focusing quadrupole has been moved back to 4.3 meters from the interaction point. We report the effect of these changes on detector backgrounds. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gronberg, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 703 EP 708 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600117 ER PT S AU Gronberg, J AF Gronberg, J BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Gamma-gamma interaction region design issues SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB An initial design of the optics required for producing gamma-gamma collisions was produced for the NLC Zeroth Order Design Report (ZDR) submitted to the 1996 Snowmass workshop., The design incorporated only loose constraints from the interaction region requirements. In this paper we report progress on a design of a gamma-gamma interaction region which incorporates all constraints. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gronberg, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 709 EP 712 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600118 ER PT S AU Early, JT AF Early, JT BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Laser source for the gamma-gamma collider SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Early, JT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 713 EP 717 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600119 ER PT S AU Keller, L Pitthan, R Rokni, S Thompson, K Kolomensky, Y AF Keller, L Pitthan, R Rokni, S Thompson, K Kolomensky, Y BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Test beams and polarized fixed target beams at the NLC SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders ID SPIN STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; ASYMMETRY A(2); PROTON; G(2); G(1)(D) AB A conceptual program to use NLC beams for test beams and fixed target physics is described. Primary undisrupted polarized beams would be the most simple to use, but for NLC, the disrupted beams are of good enough quality that they could also be used, after collimation of the low energy tails, for test beams and fixed target physics. Pertinent issues are: what is the compelling physics, what are the requirements on beams and running time, and what is the impact on colliding beam physics running. A Est of physics topics is given; one topic (Moller Scattering) is treated in more depth. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Keller, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 724 EP 734 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600121 ER PT S AU Raimondi, P Seryi, A AF Raimondi, P Seryi, A BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI New NLC final focus SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB A novel design of the Final Focus has recently been proposed [1] and has been adopted now for the Next Linear Collider [2]. This new design has fewer optical elements and is much shorter, nonetheless achieving better chromatic properties. In this paper, the new final focus system is briefly discussed stressing one particular characteristic of the new design - its multi TeV energy reach. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Raimondi, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 752 EP 756 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600126 ER PT S AU Abe, T AF Abe, T BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI A study of topological vertexing for heavy quark tagging SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders ID PERFORMANCE AB We compare heavy quark tagging and anti-tagging efficiencies for vertex detectors with different inner raddi using the topological vertex technique developed at the SLC/SLD experiment. Charm tagging benefits by going to very small inner radii. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Abe, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 791 EP 794 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600133 ER PT S AU Graf, NA AF Graf, NA BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Pattern recognition and track fitting in central trackers SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB We present a fully object-oriented framework which provides the tools for track finding and fitting in a particle physics detector, The software is modular and extensible so that it can be applied to a wide range of detectors and can be finely tuned to optimize performance. We believe that this package can provide a common solution to the requirements of the Linear Collider simulation community. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Graf, NA (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 837 EP 840 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600144 ER PT S AU Para, A AF Para, A BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Solid scintillator-based muon detector for Linear Collider experiments SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB A muon system for Linear Collider experiments has requirements and challenges very similat to that of large neutrino detectors. We present a concept of the muon system based on extruded solid scintillator strips as an active medium. This is a straightforward extension of the technology used in the MINOS long baseline neutrino oscillations experiment. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Para, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Pine St, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 865 EP 869 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600149 ER PT S AU Bower, GR AF Bower, GR BE Para, A Fisk, HE TI Calorimeter optimization for jet identification SO PHYSICS AND EXPERIMENTS WITH FUTURE LINEAR E(PLUS) E(MINUS) COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Detectors for Future Linear e(plus) e(minus) Colliders CY OCT 24-28, 2000 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, Worldwide Study Grp Linear Colliders AB During LCWS 1999 at Sitges, Spain, we presented a set of discriminators for reconstructing jets in high energy lepton colliders. We have extended that study by adding new event types, by adding new discriminators, and by using a neural net rather than cuts to identify jets. We apply these techniques to detector simulations to begin a study of calorimeter optimization. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bower, GR (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0017-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 578 BP 920 EP 923 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU65Z UT WOS:000176630600160 ER PT S AU Chow, EKC Lin, SY Johnson, SG Joannopoulos, JD Bur, J Villeneuve, PR AF Chow, EKC Lin, SY Johnson, SG Joannopoulos, JD Bur, J Villeneuve, PR BE Arakawa, Y Blood, P Osinski, M TI Demonstration of high waveguide bending efficiency (> 90%) in a photonic-crystal slab at 1.5 mu m wavelengths SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices IX CY JAN 22-26, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE 2D photonic crystal slab; waveguide bend ID DIELECTRIC WAVE-GUIDES AB Using a two-dimensional (2D) photonic-crystal slab structure, we have demonstrated a strong 2D photonic band gap with the capability of fully controlling light in all three dimensions[1]. Our demonstration confirms the predictions [2] on the possibility of achieving 3D light control using 2D band gaps, with strong index guiding providing control in the third dimension, and raise the prospect of being able to realize novel photonic-crystal devices. Based on such slab structure with triangular lattice of holes, a 60-degree photonic-crystal waveguide bend is fabricated. The instrinsic bending efficiency (eta) is measured within the photonic band gap. As high as 90% bending efficency is observed at some frequencies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, EKC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3961-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4283 BP 453 EP 461 DI 10.1117/12.432595 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BT06P UT WOS:000171845100047 ER PT S AU Haskel, D Stern, EA Polinger, V Dogan, F AF Haskel, D Stern, EA Polinger, V Dogan, F BE Oyanagi, H Bianconi, A TI Suppression of superconductivity in La1.85Sr0.15Cu1-yNiyO4: The relevance of local lattice distortions SO PHYSICS IN LOCAL LATTICE DISTORTIONS: FUNDAMENTALS AND NOVEL CONCEPTS LLD2K SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Physics in Local Lattice Distortions (LLD2K) CY JUL 23-26, 2000 CL AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Electrotech Lab, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat, MAC Sci Co Ltd, RIGAKU Corp, Japanese Appl Phys Soc, Phys Soc Japan, Niki Glass Co Ltd, SEIKO EG&G Co Ltd HO AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; IMPURITY; ND2-XCEXCUO4-Y; LA2-XSRXCUO4; CU AB The effect of Ni substitution upon the local structure of La1.85Sr0.15Cu1-yNiyO4 is commonly neglected when addressing the Ni-induced destruction of the superconducting state at y approximate to 0.03 and a metal-insulator transition at y approximate to 0.05. IL is also sometimes assumed that direct substitution of a dopant into the CuO2 planes has a detrimental effect on superconductivity due to in-plane lattice distortions around the dopants. We present here results from angular-dependent x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements at the Ni, La and Sr K-edges of oriented powders of La1.85Sr0.15Cu1-yNiyO4 with y = 0.01, 0.03, 0.06. A special magnetic alignment geometry allowed us to measure pure c ($) over cap and u<^>b oriented XAFS at the Ni K-edge in identical fluorescence geometries. Both the near-edge absorption spectra (XANES) and the XAFS unequivocally show that the NiO6 octahedra are largely contracted along the c-axis, by = 0.16 Angstrom. Surprisingly, the Ni-O planar bonds and the Ni-O-Cu/Ni planar buckling angle are nearly identical to their Cu counterparts. The NiO6 octahedral contraction drives the macroscopic E-axis contraction observed with Ni-doping. The local c ($) over cap -axis strongly fluctuates, due to the different NiO6 and CuO6 octahedral configurations and the much stronger bonding of a La+3 ion than a Sr+2 ion to the O(2) apical oxygens. We discuss the relevance of these findings to the mechanisms of T-c suppresion and hole-localization by Ni dopants. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Fac Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Haskel, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Fac Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-984-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 554 BP 154 EP 168 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BS10L UT WOS:000168666300015 ER PT S AU Martin, I Ortiz, G Balatsky, AV Bishop, AR AF Martin, I Ortiz, G Balatsky, AV Bishop, AR BE Oyanagi, H Bianconi, A TI Competing quantum orderings in cuprate superconductors: A minimal model SO PHYSICS IN LOCAL LATTICE DISTORTIONS: FUNDAMENTALS AND NOVEL CONCEPTS LLD2K SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Physics in Local Lattice Distortions (LLD2K) CY JUL 23-26, 2000 CL AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Electrotech Lab, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat, MAC Sci Co Ltd, RIGAKU Corp, Japanese Appl Phys Soc, Phys Soc Japan, Niki Glass Co Ltd, SEIKO EG&G Co Ltd HO AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR AB We present a minimal model for cuprate superconductors. At the unrestricted mean-field level. the model produces homogeneous superconductivity at large doping, striped superconductivity in the underdoped regime and various antiferromagnetic phases at low doping and for high temperatures. On the underdoped side, the superconductor is intrinsically inhomogeneous and global phase coherence is achieved through Josephson-like coupling of the superconducting stripes. The model is applied to calculate experimentally measurable ARPES spectra. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martin, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-984-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 554 BP 182 EP 190 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BS10L UT WOS:000168666300017 ER PT S AU Conradson, SD Espinosa, FJ Henderson, A Villella, PM AF Conradson, SD Espinosa, FJ Henderson, A Villella, PM BE Oyanagi, H Bianconi, A TI Nanoscale heterogeneity in crystalline materials SO PHYSICS IN LOCAL LATTICE DISTORTIONS: FUNDAMENTALS AND NOVEL CONCEPTS LLD2K SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Physics in Local Lattice Distortions (LLD2K) CY JUL 23-26, 2000 CL AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Electrotech Lab, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat, MAC Sci Co Ltd, RIGAKU Corp, Japanese Appl Phys Soc, Phys Soc Japan, Niki Glass Co Ltd, SEIKO EG&G Co Ltd HO AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ZIRCONIA; FILMS AB Nanoscale heterogeneity in crystals is described, a phenomenon that creates a third class of materials that is not on the sequence between the standard dichotomy of perfectly ordered crystals and glasses. Multiple conformations of atoms may arise spontaneously or by random or cooperative composition fluctuations in compounds whose chemical formula is not an integral ratio of the unit cell stoichiometry. Several examples are given, establishing the association between this heterogeneity and the interesting properties of complex materials. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conradson, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-984-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 554 BP 503 EP 511 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BS10L UT WOS:000168666300068 ER PT J AU Hochberg, D Molina-Paris, C Perez-Mercader, J Visser, M AF Hochberg, D Molina-Paris, C Perez-Mercader, J Visser, M TI Small-scale properties of the KPZ equation and dynamical symmetry breaking SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE effective potential; KPZ equation; dynamical symmetry breaking ID PARISI-ZHANG EQUATION; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP ANALYSIS; RANDOMLY STIRRED FLUID; DIRECTED POLYMERS; UNIVERSE; FLUCTUATIONS AB A functional integral technique is used to study the ultraviolet or short distance properties of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation with white Gaussian noise. We apply this technique to calculate the one-loop effective potential for the KPZ equation. The effective potential is (at least) one-loop ultraviolet renormalizable in 1, 2, and 3 space dimensions, but non-renormalizable in 4 or higher space dimensions. This potential is intimately related to the probability distribution function (PDF) for the spacetime averaged field. For the restricted class of field configurations considered here, the KPZ equation exhibits dynamical symmetry breaking (DSB) via an analog of the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism in 1 and 2 space dimensions, but not in 3 space dimensions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, Madrid, Spain. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid 28850, Spain. RP Molina-Paris, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Visser, Matt/0000-0003-1088-6485 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 278 IS 4 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00773-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 395XM UT WOS:000166606600001 ER PT S AU Lee, RW Baldis, HA Cauble, RC Landen, OL Wark, JS Ng, A Rose, SJ Lewis, C Riley, D Gauthier, JC Audebert, P AF Lee, RW Baldis, HA Cauble, RC Landen, OL Wark, JS Ng, A Rose, SJ Lewis, C Riley, D Gauthier, JC Audebert, P BE Chattopadhyay, S Cornacchia, M Lindau, I Pellegrini, C TI Plasma-based studies on 4th generation light sources SO PHYSICS OF, AND SCIENCE WITH, THE X-RAY FREE-ELECTRON LASER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on the Physics of, and Science with, the X-ray Free-Electron Laser CY SEP 10-15, 2000 CL Arcidosso, ITALY SP Int Comm Future Accelerators, US DOE, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Deutsch Electronen Synchrotron, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab ID MOLECULAR-METALLIC TRANSITION; X-RAY LASERS; RESONANCE-FLUORESCENCE; GIANT PLANETS; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; BROWN DWARFS; STATE; EQUATION; HYDROGEN AB The construction of a short pulse tunable x-ray laser source will be a watershed for plasma-based and warm dense matter research. The areas we will discuss below can be separated broadly into warm dense matter (WDM) research, laser probing of near solid density plasmas, and laser-plasma spectroscopy of ions in plasmas. The area of WDM refers to that part of the density-temperature phase space where the standard theories of condensed matter physics and/or plasma statistical physics are invalid. Warm dense matter, therefore, defines a region between solids and plasmas, a regime that is found in planetary interiors, cool dense stars, and in every plasma device where one starts from a solid, e.g., laser-solid matter produced plasma as well as all inertial fusion schemes. The study of dense plasmas has been severely hampered by the fact that laser-based methods have been unavailable. The single most useful diagnostic of local plasma conditions, e.g., the temperature (T-e), the density (n(e)), and the ionization (Z), has been Thomson scattering. However, due to the fact that visible light will not propagate at electron densities, n(e), greater than or equal to 10(22) cm(-3) implies dense plasmas can not be probed. The 4(th) generation sources, LCLS and Tesla will remove these restrictions. Laser-based plasma spectroscopic techniques have been used with great success to determine the line shapes of atomic transitions in plasmas, study the population kinetics of atomic systems embedded in plasmas, and look at redistribution of radiation. However. the possibilities end for plasmas with n(e) greater than or equal to 10(22) since light propagation through the medium is severely altered by the plasma. The entire field of high Z plasma kinetics from laser produced plasma will then be available to study with the tunable source. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lee, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0022-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 581 BP 45 EP 58 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT20G UT WOS:000172263700006 ER PT S AU Biedron, SG Dattoli, G Fawley, WM Freund, HP Huang, ZR Lewellen, JW Milton, SV Nuhn, HD AF Biedron, SG Dattoli, G Fawley, WM Freund, HP Huang, ZR Lewellen, JW Milton, SV Nuhn, HD BE Chattopadhyay, S Cornacchia, M Lindau, I Pellegrini, C TI A possible experiment at LEUTL to characterize surface roughness wakefield effects SO PHYSICS OF, AND SCIENCE WITH, THE X-RAY FREE-ELECTRON LASER SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on the Physics of, and Science with, the X-ray Free-Electron Laser CY SEP 10-15, 2000 CL Arcidosso, ITALY SP Int Comm Future Accelerators, US DOE, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Deutsch Electronen Synchrotron, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab ID UNDULATOR TEST LINE; WAKE FIELDS; SIMULATION; GAIN; FEL AB Wakefield effects due to internal vacuum chamber roughness may increase the electron beam energy spread and so have become an immediate concern for future x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) project developments such as the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and the DESY TESLA x-ray FEL. We describe a possible experiment to characterize the effects of surface roughness on an FEL driven by self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) operation. Although the specific system described is not completely identical to the above-proposed projects, much useful scaling information could be obtained and applied to shorter wavelength systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Biedron, SG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM biedron@aps.anl.gov; dattoli@frascati.enea.it; fawley@lbl.gov; zrh@aps.anl.gov; milton@aps.anl.gov; nuhn@slac.stanford.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0022-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 581 BP 118 EP 123 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT20G UT WOS:000172263700012 ER PT S AU Gluskin, E Ilinski, P Vinokurov, N AF Gluskin, E Ilinski, P Vinokurov, N BE Chattopadhyay, S Cornacchia, M Lindau, I Pellegrini, C TI Predicted performance of the LCLS x-ray diagnostics SO PHYSICS OF, AND SCIENCE WITH, THE X-RAY FREE-ELECTRON LASER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on the Physics of, and Science with, the X-ray Free-Electron Laser CY SEP 10-15, 2000 CL Arcidosso, ITALY SP Int Comm Future Accelerators, US DOE, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Deutsch Electronen Synchrotron, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab AB An x-ray diagnostics concept is proposed for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS),. X-ray diagnostics will provide spectral and spatial measurements of the spontaneous and SASE radiation along the undulator line, and will be complimentary to an electron beam diagnostics. Main goal of the x-ray diagnostics is to measure the radiation gain along the undulator line. Diagnostics setup consists of diamond crystal monochromator and silicon PIN diode and CCD camera detectors. Accuracy and dynamic ranges of x-ray diagnostics are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gluskin, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0022-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 581 BP 131 EP 140 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT20G UT WOS:000172263700014 ER PT S AU Stupakov, GV AF Stupakov, GV BE Chattopadhyay, S Cornacchia, M Lindau, I Pellegrini, C TI Surface roughness impedance SO PHYSICS OF, AND SCIENCE WITH, THE X-RAY FREE-ELECTRON LASER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on the Physics of, and Science with, the X-ray Free-Electron Laser CY SEP 10-15, 2000 CL Arcidosso, ITALY SP Int Comm Future Accelerators, US DOE, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Deutsch Electronen Synchrotron, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab AB The next generation of linac-based free electron lasers will use very short bunches with a large peak current. For such beams, the impedance caused by submicron imperfections in the vacuum beam tube may generate an additional energy spread within the bunch. A review of two mechanisms of the roughness impedance is given with the emphasis on the importance of the high-aspect ratio property of the real surface roughness. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stupakov, GV (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0022-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 581 BP 141 EP 152 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT20G UT WOS:000172263700015 ER PT S AU Kim, KJ Huang, ZR AF Kim, KJ Huang, ZR BE Chattopadhyay, S Cornacchia, M Lindau, I Pellegrini, C TI Present status of x-ray FELs SO PHYSICS OF, AND SCIENCE WITH, THE X-RAY FREE-ELECTRON LASER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on the Physics of, and Science with, the X-ray Free-Electron Laser CY SEP 10-15, 2000 CL Arcidosso, ITALY SP Int Comm Future Accelerators, US DOE, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Deutsch Electronen Synchrotron, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; HIGH-GAIN FELS; HARMONIC-GENERATION; SIMULATION CODES; HIGH-POWER; SASE-FEL; MU-M; WAVELENGTH; RADIATION AB We review the current status of the theoretical and experimental efforts to develop high-gain free-electron lasers for generating x-ray beams. Such a source will provide ten orders of magnitude brightness enhancement and two orders of magnitude time resolution compared to the current third-generation sources. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0022-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 581 BP 185 EP 202 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT20G UT WOS:000172263700019 ER PT S AU Biedron, SG Dattoli, G Freund, HP Huang, ZR Milton, SV Nuhn, HD Ottaviani, PL Renieri, A AF Biedron, SG Dattoli, G Freund, HP Huang, ZR Milton, SV Nuhn, HD Ottaviani, PL Renieri, A BE Chattopadhyay, S Cornacchia, M Lindau, I Pellegrini, C TI High-gain free-electron lasers and harmonic generation SO PHYSICS OF, AND SCIENCE WITH, THE X-RAY FREE-ELECTRON LASER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on the Physics of, and Science with, the X-ray Free-Electron Laser CY SEP 10-15, 2000 CL Arcidosso, ITALY SP Int Comm Future Accelerators, US DOE, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Deutsch Electronen Synchrotron, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab ID DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS; FEL AB We consider a free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the high-gain regime including the mechanism of self-induced harmonic generation (SIHG). We discuss the mechanism leading to saturation at these higher harmonics and analyze the effect of beam quality variations. Finally, we study an undulator configuration that allows the saturated harmonic power to become comparable with that of the fundamental. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Biedron, SG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0022-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 581 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT20G UT WOS:000172263700020 ER PT J AU Glinsky, ME Bailey, DS London, RA Amendt, PA Rubenchik, AM Strauss, M AF Glinsky, ME Bailey, DS London, RA Amendt, PA Rubenchik, AM Strauss, M TI An extended Rayleigh model of bubble evolution SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LASER THROMBOLYSIS; CAVITATION; DYNAMICS; PICOSECOND; ABLATION; SONOLUMINESCENCE; SIMULATIONS; MECHANISMS; GENERATION; IMPLOSION AB An extended Rayleigh model for laser generated bubbles in water and soft tissue is presented. This model includes surface tension, viscosity, a realistic equation of state, material strength and failure, stress wave emission, and linear growth of interface instabilities. The model is validated by comparison to detailed compressible hydrodynamic simulations using the LATIS computer program. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of the extended Rayleigh model as a much faster and simpler substitute for the detailed hydrodynamic simulations when only limited information is needed. It is also meant to benchmark the hydrosimulations and highlight the relevant physics. The extended Rayleigh model and the hydrosimulations are compared using both a 1D spherical geometry with a bubble in the center and a 2D cylindrical geometry of a laser fiber immersed in water with a bubble formed at the end of the fiber. Studies are done to test the validity of the material strength and failure, stress wave emission, and the interface instability terms in the extended Rayleigh model. The resulting bubble radii, material damage radii, the emitted stress wave energies, and the size of the interface distortions are compared. Many of the trends found in the hydrosimulations are illuminated by the extended Rayleigh model owing to its relative simplicity. The extended Rayleigh model is very useful since it is accurate over a large range of parameters and it is computationally much faster than the hydrosimulations. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 BHP Petr, Houston, TX 77056 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Nucl Res Ctr, Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Glinsky, ME (reprint author), BHP Petr, Houston, TX 77056 USA. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1063/1.1329910 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 383BT UT WOS:000165863200005 ER PT J AU Evtukh, AA Litovchenko, VG Litvin, YM Fedin, DV Goncharuk, NM Chaika, VE Chakhovskoi, AG Felter, TE AF Evtukh, AA Litovchenko, VG Litvin, YM Fedin, DV Goncharuk, NM Chaika, VE Chakhovskoi, AG Felter, TE TI Electron field emission from silicon emitters coated with a thin DLC films SO PHYSICS OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-FILMS AB The emission properties of silicon-based flat and sharp cathodes with ultrathin DLC (diamond-like carbon) coating have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The influence of: (i) external electric field, (ii) temperature, (iii) layered cathode parameters, and (iv) emitter doping on the resonant characteristics of Si-DLC film cathodes have been studied. The potential profile of the cathode with ultrathin DLC film was simulated as a, double barrier structure in which the input potential barrier is created by the discontinuity of the conduction band at the boundary between the silicon emitter and the DLC film while the output potential barrier is created by the finite value of the DLC-vacuum affinity. The first barrier height substantially depends on the phase structure of the DLC film and to a less degree on the doping level of the silicon emitter. Due to the slope of DLC conduction band under applied electric field, a triangular potential well at the DLC-vacuum interfaces is created. We have found the range of electric field strength and the range of DLC film parameters at which the resonant emission in DLC cathodes takes place. We have shown that the resonant maxima of the field emission current and negative differential conductivity of the cathode with ultrathin DLC film are increased as temperature is reduced and the emitter doping level is raised and reach the maximum values at certain optimum thickness and phase structure of the DLC film. The non-resonant emission current increases with emitter doping level and the more, than less electrical field with increasing the DLC thickness. The experimental investigations revealed that the greatest resonance overfall magnitude of the current for tip cathodes reaches 2, and flat cathodes 1.7. In agreement with the theoretical results, the experimental non-resonant emission current increases, at the same electric field, with increasing DLC covering thickness. The possibility of using the DLC coated Si cathodes for the amplification and generation of electromagnetic oscillations in the submillimeter wavelength range is shown. C1 Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Calif Davis, ECE Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Evtukh, AA (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, 45 Prospekt Nauki, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU V S V CO. LTD PI MOSCOW PA BOX 11, 105523 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0204-3467 J9 PHYS LOW-DIMENS STR JI Phys. Low-Dimens. Struct. PY 2001 VL 5-6 BP 117 EP 127 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 469YT UT WOS:000170844200011 ER PT J AU Ottaviano, L Melechko, AV Santucci, S Plummer, EW AF Ottaviano, L Melechko, AV Santucci, S Plummer, EW TI A variable temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy study of the electronic response of the Sn/Si(111) alpha surface to extrinsic defects SO PHYSICS OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scanning Probe Microscopy 2001 Workshop CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2001 CL NIZHNII NOVGOROD, RUSSIA ID PHASE; STM AB The alpha -phase of Sn/Si(111) surface has been studied with variable temperature STM. When temperature is reduced this system undergoes a phase transition from root3 x root3 R30 degrees to 2 root3 x root3-like. The low temperature phase is characterised by a one-dimensional electronic perturbation of the root3 surface accompanied by a modulation of the density of the substitutional Si defects having the same periodicity, namely a Defect Density Wave. At room temperature, STM shows that Si defects are slightly shifted off the T-4 site. This local break of the C-3v symmetry is also characteristic, at larger scale, of the low temperature phase. The two observations must be intimately related. C1 Univ Aquila, INFM, Unita Aquila, I-67010 Coppito Laquila, Italy. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Coppito Laquila, Italy. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ottaviano, L (reprint author), Univ Aquila, INFM, Unita Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, I-67010 Coppito Laquila, Italy. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; OI Santucci, Sandro/0000-0001-6937-6418 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU V S V CO. LTD PI MOSCOW PA BOX 11, 105523 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0204-3467 J9 PHYS LOW-DIMENS STR JI Phys. Low-Dimens. Struct. PY 2001 VL 3-4 BP 189 EP 197 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 442QJ UT WOS:000169296200026 ER PT J AU Sharapov, EI Bowman, JD Penttila, SI Mitchell, GE AF Sharapov, EI Bowman, JD Penttila, SI Mitchell, GE TI Parity violation in p-wave neutron resonances SO PHYSICS OF PARTICLES AND NUCLEI LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-COMPOUND STATES; NONCONSERVATION; SYSTEM AB Parity violation in p-wave neutron resonances has been studied by measuring the cross section longitudinal asymmetries at neutron energies up to 300-2000 eV depending on the target. The measurements were performed by the TRIPLE collaboration using the polarization setup at the pulsed spallation neutron source of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Parity violations were observed in 75 resonances of Br, Rh, Pd, Ag, Sn, In, Sb, I, Cs, Xe, La, U, and Th. Statistical methods were developed to determine the weak interaction rms matrix elements and the corresponding spreading widths Gamma(w). The average value of Gamma(w) is about 1.8 x 10(-7) eV. The individual weak spreading widths are consistent with a constant or slowly varying mass dependence, but there is evidence for local fluctuations. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow oblast, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Sharapov, EI (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow oblast, Russia. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7796 J9 PHYS PART NUCLEI+ JI Phys. Part. Nuclei PY 2001 VL 32 SU 1 BP S129 EP S131 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 523MG UT WOS:000173957400027 ER PT J AU Shvets, G Li, X AF Shvets, G Li, X TI Raman forward scattering in plasma channels SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INTENSE LASER-PULSE; TENUOUS PLASMAS; SELF-MODULATION; ACCELERATOR; WAVES AB Raman scattering instability of an intense laser pulse in a plasma channel proceeds differently than in a homogeneous plasma: The growth rate is reduced and the scaling with the laser intensity modified. These differences, significant even for shallow plasma channels, arise because of the radial shear of the plasma frequency and the existence of the weakly damped hybrid (electrostatic/electromagnetic) modes of the radially inhomogeneous plasma. The interplay of these two effects produces double-peaked spectra for the direct forward scattering in a channel. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.11331566]. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shvets, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1063/1.1331566 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 392FM UT WOS:000166400600003 ER PT J AU Ryutov, AD Cowley, SC Valeo, EJ AF Ryutov, AD Cowley, SC Valeo, EJ TI Theory of beat wave excitation in an inhomogeneous plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION; INSTABILITY; HAARP; HIPAS; WIND AB The theory of beat wave excitation in a slightly inhomogeneous plasma is presented. While the theory is general it applies directly to the experiments performed in Alaska by the ionospheric heating facilities HIPAS [High Power Auroral Simulation, Radio Sci. 25, 1269 (1990)] and HAARP [High Frequency Active Auroral Research Project, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 257 (1998)]. A ray tracing (WKB) formalism appropriate for computations is developed. The computational implementation of this formalism and extensive results will be presented in a follow up to this paper. Also the beat wave excitation of upper-hybrid waves is investigated analytically. The complicated trajectories of these waves in the plasma are described. When this beat wave reaches the plasma wave resonance it can, in the HIPAS-HAARP experiments, attain nonlinear amplitude. The electrostatic upper-hybrid waves are trapped around the density maximum of the ionosphere. This trapping is investigated in detail. Beat wave pumping of the trapped modes is possible using HAARP and HIPAS or with split beams from HAARP. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1329149]. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ryutov, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.1063/1.1329149 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 392FM UT WOS:000166400600008 ER PT J AU Fruchtman, A Fisch, NJ AF Fruchtman, A Fisch, NJ TI Variational principle for optimal accelerated neutralized flow SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB Minimizing the energy deposited in the electron current in neutralized flows, such as in the Hall thruster, is examined. Modifying the electron current along the channel by inserting emitting electrodes, can enhance the efficiency. By employing variational methods, an optimal electron current distribution is found. The efficiency enhancement due to this effect, however, is shown to be small. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1331567]. C1 Holon Acad Inst Technol, IL-58102 Holon, Israel. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Fruchtman, A (reprint author), Holon Acad Inst Technol, 52 Golomb St,POB 305, IL-58102 Holon, Israel. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 56 EP 58 DI 10.1063/1.1331567 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 392FM UT WOS:000166400600010 ER PT J AU Boehly, TR Fisher, Y Meyerhofer, DD Seka, W Soures, JM Bradley, DK AF Boehly, TR Fisher, Y Meyerhofer, DD Seka, W Soures, JM Bradley, DK TI The effect of optical prepulse on direct-drive inertial confinement fusion target performance SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LASER; SYSTEM AB The effect of optical prepulses on the performance of imploding inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets has been measured. The neutron yields from nearly identical spherical targets imploded by the OMEGA [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] laser were measured as a function of prepulse fluences in the drive laser. These experiments indicate that the cumulative prepulse fluence on target must be less than similar to0.2 J/cm(2), which corresponds to a prepulse intensity contrast of greater than or equal to 10(7). This effect is the result of damage to the Al barrier layer used on OMEGA ICF targets. To verify this, the effect of low-intensity irradiation on these Al layers was observed on planar targets using the time-resolved reflectivity and the time-integrated transmission measurements. These experiments show that damage to the Al layers begins at similar to0.1 J/cm(2), consistent with the implosion performance results. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1324663]. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Boehly, TR (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1063/1.1324663 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 392FM UT WOS:000166400600033 ER PT J AU Douglas, MR Deeney, C Roderick, NF AF Douglas, MR Deeney, C Roderick, NF TI The effect of load thickness an the performance of high velocity, annular Z-pinch implosions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; X-RAY-PRODUCTION; POWER; ENHANCEMENT; FUSION AB Numerical calculations have been performed to investigate the role that load thickness may play in the performance of fast annular Z-pinch implosions. In particular, the effects of load thickness on the mitigation of the magnetically-driven Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability and energy coupling between the plasma load and generator are addressed. Using parameters representative of the Z accelerator [R. B. Spielman et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] at Sandia National Laboratories, two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations show that increased load thickness results in lower amplitude, slightly longer wavelength RT modes. In addition, there appears to be an optimum in implosion velocity which is directly associated with the thickness of the sheath and subsequent RT growth. Thin, annular loads, which should couple efficiently to the accelerator, show a large reduction in implosion velocity, due to extreme RT development and increased load inductance. As a consequence, thicker loads on the order of 5 mm, couple almost as efficiently to the generator since the RT growth is reduced. This suggests that Z-pinch loads can be tailored for different applications, depending on the need for uniformity or high powers. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1327618]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Douglas, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 238 EP 248 DI 10.1063/1.1327618 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 392FM UT WOS:000166400600034 ER PT J AU Bezzerides, B Vu, HX Kopp, RA AF Bezzerides, B Vu, HX Kopp, RA TI Hydrodynamic coupling of a speckled laser beam to an axially flowing plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; DEFLECTION; DRIVEN AB A plasma with a background flow along the direction of propagation of a laser beam is examined. The laser beam is subject to the beam-smoothing properties of a random phase plate. A simple model for the speckled properties of the laser beam is employed to show that the combined effect of the ponderomotive pressure of both the incident beam and stimulated Brillouin scattering can significantly perturb the hydrodynamics of the plasma. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1317524]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bezzerides, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 249 EP 259 DI 10.1063/1.1317524 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 392FM UT WOS:000166400600035 ER PT J AU Dattolo, E Suter, L Monteil, MC Jadaud, JP Dague, N Glenzer, S Turner, R Juraszek, D Lasinski, B Decker, C Landen, O MacGowan, B AF Dattolo, E Suter, L Monteil, MC Jadaud, JP Dague, N Glenzer, S Turner, R Juraszek, D Lasinski, B Decker, C Landen, O MacGowan, B TI Status of our understanding and modeling of x-ray coupling efficiency in laser heated hohlraums SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; RADIATION DRIVE; PLASMAS; DESIGN; OMEGA AB Recent changes in the manner of performing hohlraum drive experiments have significantly advanced the ability to diagnose, understand and control the x-radiation flux (or drive) inside a laser heated hohlraum. Comparison of modeling and data from a very broad range of hohlraum experiments indicates that radiation hydrodynamics simulation codes reproduce measurements of time dependent x-radiation flux to about +/-10%. This, in turn,indicates that x-ray production and capsule coupling in ignition hohlraums will be very close to expectations. This article discusses the changes to experimental procedures and the broad variety of measurements and tests leading to these findings. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1324659]. C1 CEA, Ctr Etud Bruyeres Le Chatel, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dattolo, E (reprint author), CEA, Ctr Etud Bruyeres Le Chatel, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 260 EP 265 DI 10.1063/1.1324659 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 392FM UT WOS:000166400600036 ER PT J AU Sesnic, S Gunter, S Gude, A Maraschek, M AF Sesnic, S Gunter, S Gude, A Maraschek, M CA ASDEX Upgrade Team TI Interaction of fast particles with neoclassical tearing modes (vol 7, pg 935, 2000) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Correction C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Sesnic, S (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 378 EP 380 DI 10.1063/1.1288154 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 392FM UT WOS:000166400600054 ER PT J AU Smirnov, BI Burenkov, YA Kardashev, BK Singh, D Goretta, KC de Arellano-Lopez, AR AF Smirnov, BI Burenkov, YA Kardashev, BK Singh, D Goretta, KC de Arellano-Lopez, AR TI Elasticity and inelasticity of silicon nitride/boron nitride fibrous monoliths SO PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS; TEMPERATURE AB A study is reported on the effect of temperature and elastic vibration amplitude on Young's modulus E and internal friction in Si3N4 and BN ceramic samples and Si3N4/BN monoliths obtained by hot pressing of BN-coated Si3N4 fibers. The fibers were arranged along, across, or both along and across the specimen axis. The E measurements were carried out under thermal cycling within the 20-600 degreesC range. It was found that high-modulus silicon-nitride specimens possess a high thermal stability; the E(T) dependences obtained under heating and cooling coincide well with one another. The low-modulus BN ceramic exhibits a considerable hysteresis, thus indicating evolution of the defect structure under the action of thermoelastic (internal) stresses. Monoliths demonstrate a qualitatively similar behavior (with hysteresis). This behavior of the elastic modulus is possible under microplastic deformation initiated by internal stresses. The presence of microplastic shear in all the materials studied is supported by the character of the amplitude dependences of internal friction and the Young's modulus. The experimental data obtained are discussed in terms of a model in which the temperature dependences of the elastic modulus and their features are accounted for by both microplastic deformation and nonlinear lattice-atom vibrations, which depend on internal stresses. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sevilla, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Smirnov, BI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, Ul Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Kardashev, Boris/D-2118-2014; OI R. de Arellano Lopez, Antonio/0000-0002-7443-0244 NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7834 J9 PHYS SOLID STATE+ JI Phys. Solid State PY 2001 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2094 EP 2098 DI 10.1134/1.1417186 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 488CY UT WOS:000171918900018 ER PT J AU Shnaidshtein, IV Strukov, BA Grabovskii, SV Pavlovskaya, TV Carman, L AF Shnaidshtein, IV Strukov, BA Grabovskii, SV Pavlovskaya, TV Carman, L TI Effect of an organic dye on the ferroelectric phase transition in KH2PO4 (KDP) SO PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE LA English DT Article AB This paper reports on the first measurement of the dielectric permittivity and heat capacity of a KDP crystal doped by Chicago Sky Blue organic dye within a temperature interval including the ferroelectric phase transition at T-c = 122 K. Similar measurements were made on a pure KDP crystal under the same conditions for the sake of comparison. The heat capacities of the pure and doped crystals were shown to differ substantially within an interval 1 K wide in the vicinity of T-c, where an anomaly in the heat capacity of the doped crystal was observed to wash out without producing any change in the temperature position of its maximum. The doping reduces the permittivity in the polar phase markedly. The observed effects are associated with the influence of nonisomorphic defects on the ferroelectric phase transition in a piezoelectric crystal. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/ Interperiodica". C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119899, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shnaidshtein, IV (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Vorobevy Gory, Moscow 119899, Russia. RI Shnaidshtein, Ilya/F-5724-2010; Strukov, Boris/B-5181-2011; Grabovsky, Sergey/F-4191-2012 OI Shnaidshtein, Ilya/0000-0002-1543-4069; NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7834 J9 PHYS SOLID STATE+ JI Phys. Solid State PY 2001 VL 43 IS 12 BP 2276 EP 2279 DI 10.1134/1.1427956 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 498VY UT WOS:000172533800015 ER PT J AU Brown, LS Yaffe, LG AF Brown, LS Yaffe, LG TI Effective field theory for highly ionized plasmas SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE non-relativistic plasma thermodynamics; effective field theory ID ONE-COMPONENT PLASMA; LOW-DENSITY; QUANTUM PLASMAS; COULOMB-SYSTEMS; ELECTRON-GAS; EQUATION; STATE; ABSENCE; FLUIDS AB We examine the equilibrium properties of hot, non-relativistic plasmas. The partition function and density correlation functions of a plasma with several species are expressed in terms of a functional integral over electrostatic potential distributions. This is a convenient formulation for performing a perturbative expansion. The theory is made well-defined at every stage by employing dimensional regularization which, among other virtues, automatically removes the unphysical (infinite) Coulomb self-energy contributions. The leading order, held-theoretic tree approximation automatically includes the effects of Debye screening. No further partial resummations are needed for this effect. Subleading, one-loop corrections are easily evaluated. The two-loop corrections, however, have ultraviolet divergences. These correspond to the short-distance, logarithmic divergence which is encountered in the spatial integral of the Boltzmann exponential when it is expanded to third order in the Coulomb potential. Such divergences do not appear in the underlying quantum theory - they are rendered finite by quantum fluctuations. We show how such divergences may be removed and the correct finite theory obtained by introducing additional local interactions in the manner of odern effective quantum field theories. We compute the two-loop induced coupling by exploiting a non-compact su(1, 1) symmetry of the hydrogen atom. This enables us to obtain explicit results for density-density correlation functions through two-loop order and thermodynamic quantities through three-loop order. The induced couplings are shown to obey renormalization group equations, and these equations are used to characterize all leading logarithmic contributions in the theory. A linear combination of pressure plus energy and number densities is shown to be described by a field-theoretic anomaly. The effective Lagrangian method that we employ yields a simple demonstration that, at long distance, correlation functions have an algebraic fall off (because of quantum effects) rather than the exponential damping of classical Debye screening. We use the effective theory to compute, easily and explicitly, this leading long-distance behavior of density correlation functions. The presentation is pedagogical and self-contained. The results for thermodynamic quantities at three-loop [or O(n(5/2))] order, and for the leading long-distance forms of correlation functions, agree with previous results in the literature, but they are obtained in a novel and simple fashion using the effective held theory. In addition to the new construction of the effective field theory for plasma physics, we believe that the results we report for the explicit form of correlation functions at two-loop order, as well as the determination of higher-order leading-logarithmic contributions, are also original. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Aspen Ctr Phys, Aspen, CO USA. RP Brown, LS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 340 IS 1-2 BP 2 EP 164 PG 163 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 389FN UT WOS:000166228100001 ER PT J AU Smith, N AF Smith, N TI Science with soft x rays SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; STATE; SPINS C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, N (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2001 VL 54 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1063/1.1349609 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 388UB UT WOS:000166200500014 ER PT J AU Drell, SD AF Drell, SD TI India, Pakistan, NPT SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94305 USA. RP Drell, SD (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2001 VL 54 IS 1 BP 72 EP 72 DI 10.1063/1.1349631 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 388UB UT WOS:000166200500028 ER PT S AU Stepanyan, S AF Stepanyan, S BE Milner, RG TI Probing "Generalized Parton Distributions" with JLab at 12 GeV SO PHYSICS WITH AN ELECTRON POLARIZED LIGHT-ION COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Physics with an Electron Polarized Light-Ion Collider (EPIC-00) CY SEP 14-15, 2000 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Indiana Univ Cyclotron Facil, MIT Bates Lab HO MIT ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; EXCLUSIVE RHO(0); MESONS; ELECTROPRODUCTION; NUCLEON AB We discuss plans for Jefferson Lab to explore GPDs in hard exclusive reactions. A broad experimental program is proposed with up to 11 GeV polarized electron beams. Such an upgraded CEBAF, with high precision, and high performance detectors, will be a suitable place to study deep virtual production of mesons and photons in the range of Q(2) < 8 GeV/c(2). These studies are proposed as a key program for the Hall B CLAS detector. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Stepanyan, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0028-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 588 BP 89 EP 103 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT96L UT WOS:000174598300007 ER PT S AU Garvey, GT AF Garvey, GT BE Milner, RG TI e-A physics at a collider SO PHYSICS WITH AN ELECTRON POLARIZED LIGHT-ION COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Physics with an Electron Polarized Light-Ion Collider (EPIC-00) CY SEP 14-15, 2000 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Indiana Univ Cyclotron Facil, MIT Bates Lab HO MIT ID NUCLEUS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Garvey, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H846 P-25, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0028-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 588 BP 104 EP 120 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT96L UT WOS:000174598300008 ER PT S AU Venugopalan, R AF Venugopalan, R BE Milner, RG TI Deeply inelastic scattering off nuclei at RHIC SO PHYSICS WITH AN ELECTRON POLARIZED LIGHT-ION COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Physics with an Electron Polarized Light-Ion Collider (EPIC-00) CY SEP 14-15, 2000 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Indiana Univ Cyclotron Facil, MIT Bates Lab HO MIT ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; TO-LEADING BFKL; SMALL-X; LOW Q(2); QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; VECTOR-MESONS; QCD; DIFFRACTION; FACTORIZATION AB We discuss the physics case for an electron--nucleus collider at RHIC. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, Phys Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Venugopalan, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, Phys Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0028-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 588 BP 121 EP 141 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT96L UT WOS:000174598300009 ER PT S AU Lebedev, VA AF Lebedev, VA BE Milner, RG TI Luminosity limitations for electron-ion collider SO PHYSICS WITH AN ELECTRON POLARIZED LIGHT-ION COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Physics with an Electron Polarized Light-Ion Collider (EPIC-00) CY SEP 14-15, 2000 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Indiana Univ Cyclotron Facil, MIT Bates Lab HO MIT AB The major limitations on reaching the maximum luminosity for an electron ion collider are discussed in application to the ring-ring and linac-ring colliders. It is shown that with intensive electron cooling the luminosity of 10(33) cm(-2)s(-1) is feasible for both schemes for the center-of-mass collider energy above approximately 15 GeV. Each scheme has its own pros and cons. The ring-ring collider is better supported by the current accelerator technology while the linac-ring collider suggests unique features for spin manipulations of the electron beam. The article addresses a general approach to a choice of collider scheme and parameters leaving details for other conference publications dedicated to particular aspects of the ring-ring and linac-ring colliders. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Lebedev, VA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0028-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 588 BP 142 EP 154 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT96L UT WOS:000174598300010 ER PT S AU Ent, R AF Ent, R BE Milner, RG TI (Vector) meson production and duality SO PHYSICS WITH AN ELECTRON POLARIZED LIGHT-ION COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Physics with an Electron Polarized Light-Ion Collider (EPIC-00) CY SEP 14-15, 2000 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Indiana Univ Cyclotron Facil, MIT Bates Lab HO MIT ID QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; SCATTERING; RESONANCES; BEHAVIOR; NUCLEON; PROTON AB At high enough energies, hadronic cross sections, if averaged over an appropriate energy range, must coincide with a perturbative QCD description. One famous example in deep inelastic scattering is termed Bloom-Gilman duality. This quark-hadron duality shows that the nucleon resonance region closely mimics the deep inelastic region where we assume single quark scattering to be dominant. This Bloom-Gilman duality was recently found to work to high precision to far lower momentum transfers, and far smaller regions in invariant mass, than anticipated. Implications for using the spin/flavor selectivity of (polarized) electron-proton scattering and/or (polarized) meson electroproduction to examine such duality in more detail are discussed. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ent, R (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0028-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 588 BP 182 EP 186 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT96L UT WOS:000174598300014 ER PT S AU Merminga, L Krafft, GA Lebedev, VA Ilan, BZ AF Merminga, L Krafft, GA Lebedev, VA Ilan, BZ BE Milner, RG TI An energy recovery electron linac-on-ring collider SO PHYSICS WITH AN ELECTRON POLARIZED LIGHT-ION COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Physics with an Electron Polarized Light-Ion Collider (EPIC-00) CY SEP 14-15, 2000 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Indiana Univ Cyclotron Facil, MIT Bates Lab HO MIT AB We present the design of high-luminosity electron-proton/ion colliders in which the electrons are produced by an Energy Recovering Linac (ERL). Electronproton/ion colliders with center of mass energies between 14 GeV and 100 GeV (protons) or 63 GeV/A (ions) and luminosities at the 1033 (Per nucleon) level have been proposed recently as a means for studying hadronic structure. The linac-on-ring option presents significant advantages with respect to: 1) spin manipulations 2) reduction of the synchrotron radiation load in the detectors 3) a wide range of continuous energy variability. Rf power and beam dump considerations require that the electron linac recover the beam energy. Based on extrapolations from actual measurements and calculations, energy recovery is expected to be feasible at currents of a few hundred mA and multi-GeV energies. Luminosity projections for the linac-ring scenario based on fundamental limitations are presented. The feasibility of an energy recovery electron linac-on-proton ring collider is investigated and four conceptual point designs are shown corresponding to electron to proton energies of: 3 GeV on 15 GeV, 5 GeV on 50 GeV and 10 GeV on 250 GeV, and for gold ions with 100 GeV/A. The last two designs assume that the protons or ions are stored in the existing RHIC accelerator. Accelerator physics issues relevant to proton rings and energy recovery linacs are discussed and a list of required R&D for the realization of such a design is presented. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Merminga, L (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0028-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 588 BP 204 EP 228 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT96L UT WOS:000174598300017 ER PT S AU Holt, RJ Reimer, PE AF Holt, RJ Reimer, PE BE Milner, RG TI Structure of the Goldstone bosons SO PHYSICS WITH AN ELECTRON POLARIZED LIGHT-ION COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Physics with an Electron Polarized Light-Ion Collider (EPIC-00) CY SEP 14-15, 2000 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Indiana Univ Cyclotron Facil, MIT Bates Lab HO MIT ID PION STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; MODEL; EP AB The feasibility of measuring the pion and kaon structure functions has been investigated. A high luminosity electron-proton collider would make these measurements feasible. Also, it appears feasible to measure these structure functions in a nuclear medium. Simulations using the RAPGAP Monte Carlo of a possible pion structure function measurement are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Holt, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0028-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 588 BP 234 EP 239 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT96L UT WOS:000174598300019 ER PT S AU Melnitchouk, W AF Melnitchouk, W BE Milner, RG TI Quark-hadron duality in electron scattering SO PHYSICS WITH AN ELECTRON POLARIZED LIGHT-ION COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Physics with an Electron Polarized Light-Ion Collider (EPIC-00) CY SEP 14-15, 2000 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Indiana Univ Cyclotron Facil, MIT Bates Lab HO MIT ID DECAY AB Quark-hadron duality addresses some of the most fundamental issues in strong interaction physics, in particular the nature of the transition from the perturbative to non-perturbative regions of QCD. I summarize recent developments in quark-hadron duality in lepton-hadron scattering, and outline how duality can be studied at future high-luminosity facilities such as the electron-hadron collider, EPIC. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Melnitchouk, W (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0028-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 588 BP 267 EP 271 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT96L UT WOS:000174598300025 ER PT S AU Peng, JC AF Peng, JC BE Milner, RG TI Physics of p-Alpha collisions and its relation to e-Alpha collisions SO PHYSICS WITH AN ELECTRON POLARIZED LIGHT-ION COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Physics with an Electron Polarized Light-Ion Collider (EPIC-00) CY SEP 14-15, 2000 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Indiana Univ Cyclotron Facil, MIT Bates Lab HO MIT ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; FLAVOR ASYMMETRY; DIMUON PRODUCTION; NUCLEON SEA C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peng, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0028-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 588 BP 312 EP 316 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT96L UT WOS:000174598300034 ER PT J AU Joslin, JD Wolfe, MH Hanson, PJ AF Joslin, JD Wolfe, MH Hanson, PJ TI Factors controlling the timing of root elongation intensity in a mature upland oak stand SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE fine root growth; minirhizotron; oak; phenology; root elongation; soil water; temperature ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; FINE ROOTS; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS AB We examined the timing of root elongation intensity (REI) - the production of newly elongating roots measured in length per unit soil volume per unit time - in a mature white oak-chestnut oak forest in Tennessee, USA, over a 4-year period. We used a network of minirhizotrons to (1) examine environmental control of soil moisture and temperature over REI, (2) evaluate the control of phenology over REI (3) develop a multivariate regression equation using the variables of soil temperature, soil water potential and phenology to predict REI, and (4) delineate soil water potentials that were optimum for growth. Fifteen minirhizotron tubes were installed on the upper slope of an upland oak stand on Walker Branch Watershed in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Measurements of REI were examined over three growing seasons in the upper 30 cm of the soil profile. Composited sets of data on REI, soil water potential, soil temperature and phenology were analyzed to determine the strength of relationships between the latter three variables and REI. There was no statistically significant relationship between REI and soil temperature during the growing season (March-November). The highly significant (p < 0.0001) relationship between soil water potential and REI was best described as log linear, using log(1)0 (-Psi) vs. log(10) (REI). The correlation between a phenology index and REI was also highly significant (p < 0.0001), as the 24 highest REI levels occurred between late April and early August. Whereas soil water potential played a major role in controlling REI, our data indicate that at times phenologically related factors appeared to override environmental variables. The fact that REI generally peaked every year following completion of leaf expansion is congruent with the fixed shoot growth pattern of many temperate-zone deciduous tree species. In an attempt to explain the importance of phenology in controlling REI, we refer to the concept of 'phenological programming'. This concept contrasts with more environmentally determinant explanations of the timing of root growth. Those theories cannot explain either our data or that of others, wherein, during late summer and early autumn, REI does not return to early summer rates, even though soil moisture and temperature conditions are equally, if not more, favorable. The particular type of 'phenological programming' hypothesized in this study may be limited to mature deciduous trees exhibiting a fixed growth pattern of shoot expansion and growing in a temperate climate with a mid-summer drought period. C1 Belowground Forest Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Joslin, JD (reprint author), Belowground Forest Res, 112 Newcrest Lane, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561 NR 43 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 33 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2001 VL 228 IS 2 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1023/A:1004866705021 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 398VG UT WOS:000166776700005 ER PT J AU Perrin, R Wilkerson, C Keegstra, K AF Perrin, R Wilkerson, C Keegstra, K TI Golgi enzymes that synthesize plant cell wall polysaccharides: finding and evaluating candidates in the genomic era SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glycan synthase; glycosyltransferase; Golgi; pectin; plant cell wall; polysaccharide biosynthesis; xyloglucang ID ACID-SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES; FUCOSYL-TRANSFERASE GENES; PEA EPICOTYL MEMBRANES; GDP-L-FUCOSE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CELLULOSE SYNTHASE; XYLOGLUCAN 1,2-ALPHA-L-FUCOSYL-TRANSFERASE; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; COMPLEX POLYSACCHARIDES AB Although the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides is a critical process during plant cell growth and differentiation, many of the wall biosynthetic genes have not yet been identified. This review focuses on the synthesis of non-cellulosic matrix polysaccharides formed in the Golgi apparatus. Our consideration is limited to two types of plant cell wall biosynthetic enzymes: glycan synthases and glycosyltransferases. Classical means of identifying these enzymes and the genes that encode them rely on biochemical purification of enzyme activity to obtain amino acid sequence data that is then used to identify the corresponding gene. This type of approach is difficult, especially when acceptor substrates for activity assays are unavailable, as is the case for many enzymes. However, bioinformatics and functional genomics provide powerful alternative means of identifying and evaluating candidate genes. Database searches using various strategies and expression profiling can identify candidate genes. The involvement of these genes in wall biosynthesis can be evaluated using genetic, reverse genetic, biochemical, and heterologous expression methods. Recent advances using these methods are considered in this review. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Keegstra, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 100 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PY 2001 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1023/A:1010675213873 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 452PE UT WOS:000169866100007 PM 11554467 ER PT J AU Fabritsiev, SA Pokrovsky, AS Edwards, DJ Zinkle, SJ Rowcliffe, AF AF Fabritsiev, SA Pokrovsky, AS Edwards, DJ Zinkle, SJ Rowcliffe, AF TI Effect of neutron irradiation on the mechanical properties and fracture mode of Cu/SS joints SO PLASMA DEVICES AND OPERATIONS LA English DT Article DE copper alloys; copper/stainless steel joints; neutron irradiation AB A new series of irradiation tests on the second generation of joints manufactured in RF, EU, JA with the HIP method have been performed irradiation up to 0.4 dpa at 150 and 300 degreesC. Tensile tests and optical microscopy investigations were performed. Tensile strength properties of the irradiated joints proved to be sufficiently high. Thus, the joints display some strengthening after irradiation. In general, the neutron-irradiated 2nd generation Cu/SS joints show a higher level of strength and, as opposed to the I st generation joints, do not reveal the tendency to the brittle fracture at low levels of fracture stress of about 100 MPa. C1 DV Efremov Sci Res Inst, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. Sci Res Inst Atom Reactors, Dimitrovgrad 433510, Russia. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fabritsiev, SA (reprint author), DV Efremov Sci Res Inst, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1051-9998 J9 PLASMA DEVICES OPER JI Plasma Devices Oper. PY 2001 VL 8 IS 4 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.1080/10519990108224480 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 489RP UT WOS:000172005700001 ER PT J AU Fabritsiev, SA Pokrovsky, AS Edwards, DJ Zinkle, SJ Rowcliffe, AF Solomon, R AF Fabritsiev, SA Pokrovsky, AS Edwards, DJ Zinkle, SJ Rowcliffe, AF Solomon, R TI The effect of copper-steel joining technology on the radiation resistance of copper alloys SO PLASMA DEVICES AND OPERATIONS LA English DT Article DE copper; neutron irradiation; embrittlement ID ITER AB Currently, when developing the components and units of the ITER first wan and divertor different technologies are considered for the production of Cu/SS-type joints: explosion welding, high-temperature brazing, etc. But, the most promising for the production of joints seems to be the method of hot isostatic. pressing (HEP). A high HIP temperature of similar to 950 degreesC causes considerable changes in the properties of copper alloys (for steel the RIP effect is less substantial). This paper presents the first results of the investigation into the radiation resistance of DS copper alloys (GlidCop A1251G and MAGT 0.2) and PH copper alloy (Cu-Cr-Zr), irradiated to 0.2 dpa at T-irr = 150 degreesC and 300 degreesC. The alloys were investigated both in the optimized state and after the HIP procedure. The investigations demonstrated that after the HIP procedure GlidCopA125IG-type alloy, when irradiated, had a satisfactory level of strength and plasticity properties at T-test = T-irr = 150 degreesC and embrittled strongly at T-test = T-irr = 300 degreesC. The PH alloys soften essentially after the HIP procedure and have a high plasticity both in the initial and irradiated state. C1 DV Efremov Sci Res Inst Electrophys Apparatus, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. Sci Res Inst Atom Reactors, Dimitrovgrad 433510, Russia. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fabritsiev, SA (reprint author), DV Efremov Sci Res Inst Electrophys Apparatus, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. EM fabr@niiefa.spb.su NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1051-9998 J9 PLASMA DEVICES OPER JI Plasma Devices Oper. PY 2001 VL 8 IS 4 BP 241 EP 255 DI 10.1080/10519990108224481 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 489RP UT WOS:000172005700002 ER PT J AU Chen, H Giannella, R Hawkes, NC Lauro-Taroni, L Peacock, NJ von Hellermann, M AF Chen, H Giannella, R Hawkes, NC Lauro-Taroni, L Peacock, NJ von Hellermann, M TI Study of impurity behaviour during JET radiative boundary experiments SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK AB The transport of light impurity ions is investigated following neon and nitrogen gas puffing in JET ELMy H-mode. Upon achieving consistency among various ion radiation diagnostics through numerical simulations, the experimental ion transport coefficients are compared with the predictions of neoclassical theory at different regions of the plasma. The convection dominates the transport and, in the core, the transport coefficients approach the neoclassical value. C1 Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Lab, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. CEN Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Durance, France. Univ Reading, LCMM, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JAN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/43/1/301 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 407DJ UT WOS:000167256000003 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Nazikian, R Irby, JH Marmar, ES AF Lin, Y Nazikian, R Irby, JH Marmar, ES TI Plasma curvature effects on microwave reflectometry fluctuation measurements SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Letter AB Plasma poloidal curvature can significantly extend microwave reflectometry responses to high k(perpendicular to) poloidal fluctuations. Reflectometry responses can be several orders of magnitude larger at high k(perpendicular to) than that predicted by analysis based on two dimensional (2-D) slab geometry. As a result, the responses may approach the 1-D geometrical optics limit. This superresolution leads to a major modification of the spectral resolution of reflectometry. The phenomenon is analysed using a phase screen model for the general cases and the results are supported by detailed numerical 2-D realistic geometry full wave simulations for the specific case of the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Lin, Yijun/B-5711-2009 NR 14 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JAN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1 BP L1 EP L8 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/43/1/101 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 407DJ UT WOS:000167256000001 ER PT B AU Sun, LC Xue, YH AF Sun, LC Xue, YH BE Kudo, A TI Methods for applying plutonium fission track analysis SO PLUTONIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Plutonium in the Environment CY NOV 09-12, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Japanese Govt, Monbusyo, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit (1970), Koyama Fdn, Japan Soc Civil Engineers, Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Atom Energy Soc Japan DE environmental plutonium; fission track analysis; plutonium urinalysis; plutonium dose assessment; polycarbonate detector; thin-film detector; fission track-etch; nuclear safeguard device; pooling analysis; cost-benefit analysis ID POPULATION AB For a decade, fission tract methods have existed for measuring ultra-low-levels of Pu-239 in urine and other bioassay samples. The range of sensitivity that has been stably achieved is between 1 and 1 mu Bq. Despite its super-sensitivity and superior technology plutonium fission hack analysis in the United States has not received the full support of the research community nor of the government. The main reasons for this are: (1) the high analytical cost, (2) the requirement for a nuclear reactor and (3) the slow production rate and long rum-around time. To eliminate or minimize these deficiencies, this paper introduces a polycarbonate IPC) thin-him application of thr method that does not require a reactor, and a pooling analysis to resolve the high-cost issues and increase the production volume. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sun, LC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 860, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043425-8 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2001 VL 1 BP 79 EP 89 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BS16C UT WOS:000168875100006 ER PT B AU Duff, MC AF Duff, MC BE Kudo, A TI Speciation and transformations of sorbed Pu on geologic materials: wet chemical and spectroscopic observations SO PLUTONIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Plutonium in the Environment CY NOV 09-12, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Japanese Govt, Monbusyo, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit (1970), Koyama Fdn, Japan Soc Civil Engineers, Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Atom Energy Soc Japan DE minerals; x-ray absorption spectroscopy; oxidation state; redox; sorption; x-ray fluorescence; sequential extractions; coprecipitation; distribution; transport ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION-STATES; NATURAL-WATERS; GEOCHEMICAL ASSOCIATION; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; CONTAMINATED SOIL; IRISH SEA; PLUTONIUM AB The movement of dissolved plutonium (Pu) in the environment can be retarded by sorption and precipitation processes, The affinity of Pu fur natural solid materials con vary greatly according to the properties of the sorbing material and the speciation of the Pu. Examples of natural materials in geologic media that orb Pu are microbes, organic matter, colloids, day minerals and Fe and Mn oxides. Wet chemical techniques such as sequential or selective extractions have customarily been used to define the geochemical associations of Pu in environmental systems and to identify the oxidation state of sorbed Pu species. Unfortunately, the investigation of sorption processes has been bound by limitations in analytical techniques and by the complex oxidation-state speciation of Pu. Micro-analytical techniques, such as microprobe synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) mapping and other techniques can be used to detect the spatial distribution of sorbed Pu and other co-associated elements on geologic surfaces. Once identified by micro-XRF mapping, small regions of Pu enrichment may be probed with microprobe X-ray absorption structure spectroscopic techniques to obtain information on the oxidation state speciation, coordination environment and bonding environment of Pu on individual mineral micro-phases on geologic materials. In this presentation, the results and interpretations of wet chemical analyses and spectroscopic studies on the speciation and spatial distribution of sorbed Pu on natural materials will be discussed. Observations from the open literature on Pu sorption behavior on natural surfaces and Pu coprecipitation with minerals will also be presented. C1 Univ S Carolina, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29208 USA. RP Duff, MC (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29208 USA. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043425-8 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2001 VL 1 BP 139 EP 157 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BS16C UT WOS:000168875100010 ER PT B AU Francis, AJ AF Francis, AJ BE Kudo, A TI Microbial transformations of plutonium and implications for its mobility SO PLUTONIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Plutonium in the Environment CY NOV 09-12, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Japanese Govt, Monbusyo, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit (1970), Koyama Fdn, Japan Soc Civil Engineers, Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Atom Energy Soc Japan DE plutonium; microorganisms; nuclear waste; waste repository sites; toxicity; mobilization; immobilization; microbial metabolites; bioaccumulation; bioprecipitation; biocolloids ID WASTE-DISPOSAL; SUBTERRANEAN BACTERIA; NUCLEAR WASTE; HEAVY-METALS; MICROORGANISMS; RADIONUCLIDES; IDENTIFICATION; BIOREMEDIATION; BIOSORPTION; SUBSURFACE AB The current state of knowledge of the effect of plutonium on microorganisms and microbial activity is reviewed, and also the microbial processes affecting its mobilization and immobilization. The dissolution of plutonium is predominantly due to microbiol production of extracellular metabolic products, organic acids, such as citric acid, and sequestering agents, such as siderophores. Plutonium may be immobilized by the indirect actions of microorganisms resulting in changes in Eh and its reduction from a higher to lower oxidation state, with the precipitation of pu, its bioaccumulation by biomass, and bioprecipitation reactions. In addition, the abundance of microorganisms in Pu-contaminated soils, wastes, natural analog sites and backfill materials that will be used for isolating the waste and the role of microbes as biocolloids in the transport of Pu are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Francis, AJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043425-8 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2001 VL 1 BP 201 EP 219 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BS16C UT WOS:000168875100013 ER PT B AU Hinton, TG Pinder, JE AF Hinton, TG Pinder, JE BE Kudo, A TI A review of plutonium releases from the Savannah River Site, subsequent behavior within terrestrial and aquatic environments and the resulting dose to humans SO PLUTONIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Plutonium in the Environment CY NOV 09-12, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Japanese Govt, Monbusyo, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit (1970), Koyama Fdn, Japan Soc Civil Engineers, Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Atom Energy Soc Japan DE plutonium; atmospheric deposition; resuspension; root uptake; agroecosystems; aquatic ecosystems; anoxic remobilization; sediment traps; radiation dose; modeling ID COOLING RESERVOIR; SOIL PARTICLES; SEDIMENTS; AMERICIUM; ACTINIDES; PLANT; POND AB This chapter reviews two decades of research on plutonium in terrestrial and aquatic environments of the Savannah River Site (SRS), a nuclear production facility covering 800 km(2) of South Carolina, USA. Sources and quantities of Pu released over the facility's 40 years of operation are summarized. Some 160 GBq of Pu-238 and Pu-239 were released in isotopic ratios that allowed researchers to distinguish site emissions from global fallout. The ratios also proved to he a powerful tool useful fur identifying major pathways through which Pu moved in the environment. Two major lines of research are reviewed; one examining Pu transport through agricultural systems typical of the southeastern United States, the other examining Pu dynamics within lake systems. Regardless of the crop studied, Pu contamination of plants was dominated by the retention of Pu-bearing particles on plant surfaces from direct deposition and resuspension, rather than root uptake and translocation of Pu within the plant. Large-scale commercial harvesting of contaminated agricultural crops revealed that mechanized harvesting increased Pu contamination of crops. Differences in Pu concentrations among crops were due largely to external plant morphologies that affected soil loading. Studies on Pu transport in aquatic systems showed that over 99% of the Pu inventory was within lake sediments. Persistent and complex annual cycles still exist for Pu within the lake systems studied, some 20 years after the contamination event. Field studies and modeling helped discern the relative importance of anoxic remobilization from the sediments, hydrologic mixing and sedimentation on the Pu cycle within lakes. Remobilization of Pu in the winter appears to contribute mure to the seasonal cycle than does the more commonly observed mechanism of remobilization in summer anoxic waters due to associated Fe-Mn redux phenomena. Doses to humans from Pu releases were also reviewed and found to he less than those acquired from naturally occurring radionuclides or from Cs-137 releases. Maximum dose equivalents (85 mu Sv) to an individual at the site boundary would have occurred in 1955 and the population dose due to releases that occurred from 1954 to 1989 was 7 person-Sv. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Hinton, TG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043425-8 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2001 VL 1 BP 413 EP 435 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BS16C UT WOS:000168875100025 ER PT J AU Schoonover, JR Thompson, DG Osborn, JC Orler, EB Wrobleski, DA Marsh, AL Wang, HC Palmer, RA AF Schoonover, JR Thompson, DG Osborn, JC Orler, EB Wrobleski, DA Marsh, AL Wang, HC Palmer, RA TI Infrared linear dichroism study of a hydrolytically degraded poly(ester urethane) SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE infrared linear dichroism; dynamic FTIR; polymer aging ID FT-IR; DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRA AB Static and dynamic infrared linear dichroism data have been used to supply additional insight into changes in tensile properties as a consequence of hydrolytic degradation of a segmented poly(ester urethane). Unaged material responds to tensile deformation with the soft (polyester) segments supplying the elasticity and the hard (polyurethane) segments supplying strength. Upon hydrolytic degradation, the static and dynamic data indicate altered orientational responses at the molecular-level, which are interpreted as resulting from cleavage of the soft segment chains and altered hydrogen-bonding interactions for both segments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Schoonover, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Mail Stop E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PY 2001 VL 74 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00105-7 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 477BL UT WOS:000171263200009 ER PT J AU Assink, RA Celina, M Gillen, KT Clough, RL Alam, TM AF Assink, RA Celina, M Gillen, KT Clough, RL Alam, TM TI Morphology changes during radiation-thermal degradation of polyethylene and an EPDM copolymer by C-13 NMR spectroscopy SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE polyethylene; EPDM copolymer; radiation-thermal degradation; morphology; crystallinity; C-13 NMR; DSC ID SOLID-STATE AB The gamma radiation induced degradation of an EPDM copolymer was compared to that of a C-13 enriched polyethylene at exposure temperatures of 22 and 80 degreesC. Morphological changes were measured by MAS C-13 NMR spectroscopy and DSC. By first examining the high quality and less complex spectra of C-13 enriched polyethylene, a protocol for the interpretation and deconvolution of the more complex EPDM spectra was developed. The morphological changes during ambient temperature gamma irradiation were similar for the two materials while the morphological changes during gamma irradiation at 80 degreesC were notably different. The polyethylene exhibited a substantial increase in crystallinity as a function of aging time at both temperatures. The EPDM copolymer exhibited a substantial increase in crystallinity at 22 degreesC but only a minor increase in crystallinity at 80 degreesC. The reduction in the growth of the crystalline phase was attributed to the melting of a significant fraction of the smaller crystallites at the 80 degreesC irradiation temperature. When the sample was returned to ambient temperature these crystallites were unable to reform due to the crosslinks introduced during the radiation-thermal exposure. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Assink, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PY 2001 VL 73 IS 2 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00097-0 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 452WQ UT WOS:000169883000018 ER PT J AU Gillen, KT Celina, M AF Gillen, KT Celina, M TI The wear-out approach for predicting the remaining lifetime of materials SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE polymers; aging; cumulative damage; lifetime predictions; remaining life ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED OXIDATION; THERMALLY AGED ELASTOMERS; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; EXTRAPOLATION; ARRHENIUS; MODEL AB Failure models based on the Palmgren-Miner concept that material damage is cumulative have been derived and used mainly for fatigue life predictions for metals and composite materials. We review the principles underlying such models and suggest ways in which they may be best applied to polymeric materials in temperature environments. We first outline expectations when polymer degradation data can be rigorously time-temperature superposed over a given temperature range. For a step change in temperature after damage has occurred at an initial temperature in this range, we show that the remaining lifetime at the second temperature should be linearly related to the aging time prior to the step. This predicted linearity implies that it should be possible to estimate the remaining and therefore the service lifetime of polymers by completing the aging at an accelerated temperature. We refer to this generic temperature-step method as the "wear-out" approach. We next outline the expectations for wear-out experiments when time-temperature superposition is invalid. Experimental wear-out results are then analyzed for one material where time-temperature superposition is valid and for another where evidence suggests it is invalid. In analyzing the data, we introduce a procedure that we refer to as time-degradation superposition. This procedure not only utilizes all of the experimental data instead of a single point from each data set, but also allows us to determine the importance of any "interaction effects". (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gillen, KT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ktgille@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 EI 1873-2321 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PY 2001 VL 71 IS 1 BP 15 EP 30 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 380WR UT WOS:000165727000002 ER PT J AU Otaigbe, JU Barnes, MD Fukui, K Sumpter, BG Noid, DW AF Otaigbe, JU Barnes, MD Fukui, K Sumpter, BG Noid, DW TI Generation, characterization, and modeling of polymer micro- and nano-particles SO POLYMER PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING SE ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE polymers; micro and nano-particles; particle characterization; microdroplet; gas atomization; molecular dynamics and neural network modeling; optical diffraction-based probes ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ULTRAFINE METAL PARTICLES; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; COIL BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; CRYSTALLINE POLYETHYLENE; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICRODROPLET STREAMS AB Polymer micro- and nano-particles are important in many technological applications, including polymer blends or alloys, biomaterials for drug delivery systems, electro-optic and luminescent devices, and polymer powder impregnation of inorganic fibers in composites. They are also critical in polymer-supported heterogeneous catalysis. This article reviews recent progress in experimental and simulation methods for generating, characterizing, and modeling polymer micro- and nano-particles in a number of polymer and polymer blend systems. A description of the use of gas atomization (of melts) and microdroplet (solution) approaches to generation and characterization of spherical polymer powders and microparticles represents their unique applications, giving the non-specialist reader a comprehensive overview. Using novel instrumentation developed for probing single fluorescent molecules in submicrometer droplets, it is demonstrated that polymer particles of nearly arbitrary size and composition can be made with uniform size dispersion. This interesting finding is ascribed to new dynamic behavior, which emerges when polymers are confined in a small droplet of solution the size of a molecule or molecular aggregates. Solvent evaporation takes place on a time scale short enough to frustrate phase separation, producing dry pure polymer or polymer blend microparticles that have tunable properties and that are homogeneous within molecular dimensions. In addition, it shows how a number of optical methodologies such as Fraunhofer diffraction can be used to probe polymer particles immobilized on two-dimensional substrates or levitated in space using a three-dimensional quadrupole (Paul) trap. Unlike conventional methods such as electron-beam microscopy, the optical diffraction methods provide a unique look inside a polymer particle in a measurement time scale of a few milliseconds, making it attractive to in-line production applications. In particular, it shows that it is possible to use computational neural networks, extensive classical trajectory calculations (i.e., classical molecular dynamics methods) in conjunction with experiments to gain deeper insights into the structure and properties of the polymer microparticles. Overall, it is possible to use the new understanding of phase separation to produce a number of useful, scientifically interesting homogeneous polymer blends from bulk-immiscible components in solution. Additionally, this new knowledge provides useful guidelines for future experimental studies and theory development of polymer and polymer blend micro- and nano-particles, which are not widely studied. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Otaigbe, JU (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Suter, Ulrich/H-8900-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Suter, Ulrich/0000-0001-7467-7346 NR 239 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 51 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-3195 J9 ADV POLYM SCI PY 2001 VL 154 BP 1 EP 86 PG 86 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BS45B UT WOS:000169892100001 ER PT J AU Sugama, T Gawlik, K AF Sugama, T Gawlik, K TI Carbon fibre-reinforced poly(phenylenesulphide) composite coatings SO POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID GEOTHERMAL ENVIRONMENTS; POLYPHENYLENESULFIDE COATINGS; CORROSION; STEEL AB To enhance the thermal conductivity and improve the mechanical properties of poly(phenylene sulphide) (PPS) that was used as a coating for carbon steel heat exchanger tubes, chopped carbon fibres, similar to7.5 mum diam. x similar to3 mm long were incorporated into the PPS matrix. All the experiments in this work were performed using steel panels instead of steel tubes. As a result, 0.5 wt% of fibres was the most effective amount of fibres in minimizing the rate of penetration of electrolytes through the composite coating films. Even though the steel panels coated with the 0.5 wt% fibre-reinforced PPS composites were exposed for 14 days in an autoclave containing 20,000 PPM CO2-laden 13 wt% NaCl solution at 200 degreesC, the coatings remained intact. This suggested that the composite coatings not only adequately protect steel against corrosion in a wet, harsh, and hostile geothermal environment, but they also have great hydrothermal stability. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the bulk PPS rose similar to 60% by adding 0.5 wt% fibre. The rough surface texture of the fibres provided good mechanical interlocking bonds with the PPS matrix. Such interfacial bonding can be interpreted as one of the factors governing the outstanding mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation, of the multidirectional fibre-reinforced composite films. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Energy Resources Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sugama, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Energy Resources Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU RAPRA TECHNOLOGY LTD PI SHREWSBURY PA SHAWBURY, SHREWSBURY, SHROPS, ENGLAND SY4 4NR SN 0967-3911 J9 POLYM POLYM COMPOS JI Polym. Polym. Compos. PY 2001 VL 9 IS 6 BP 377 EP 384 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 485PC UT WOS:000171761900002 ER PT S AU Zhang, R Mallon, PE Chen, H Huang, CM Zhang, JJ Li, Y Cao, H Peng, Q Richardson, JR Huang, YY Sandreczki, TC Jean, YC Suzuki, R Ohdaira, T Nielsen, B AF Zhang, R Mallon, PE Chen, H Huang, CM Zhang, JJ Li, Y Cao, H Peng, Q Richardson, JR Huang, YY Sandreczki, TC Jean, YC Suzuki, R Ohdaira, T Nielsen, B BE Triftshauser, W Kogel, G Sperr, P TI Polymeric coating degradation in accelerated weathering investigated by using positron annihilation spectroscopy SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION - ICPA-12 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-12) CY AUG 06-12, 2000 CL UNIV BUNDERSWEHR MUNCHEN, NEUBIBERG, GERMANY SP Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Verein Freunde, Deutsch Forsch Sgemeinsch, Bayerisches Staatsminist Wissensch Kunst, Gemeinde Neubiberg, Fremdenverkehrsamt Stadt Munchen, Canberra Packard Gmbh, Chemotrade Gmbh, Deutsch Bank 24, FAST ComTec GmbH, Gen Lloyd Versicher AG, Heiden Electr, Korth Kristalle GmbH, Leybold Vakuum GmbH, Pantolsky KG Apparatebau, Siemens Gebaudetech, Tektronix GmbH, Varian GmbH HO UNIV BUNDERSWEHR MUNCHEN DE coating; crosslink density; free volume; S parameter; weathering AB Photo-degradation of a polyurethane-based topcoat induced by accelerated Xe-lamp irradiation is studied using Doppler broadened energy spectra (DBES) and positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy coupled with slow positron technique. Significant and similar variations of S-parameter and ortho-positronium intensity (I-3) on the coating are observed as functions of depth and of exposure time. Cross-link densities have been measured by the solvent-swelling method. A correlation between the increase of crosslink density and a reduction of free-volume and hole fraction during the degradation is observed. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem & Phys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Electrotech Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Labs, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem & Phys, 5100 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-875-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 363-3 BP 505 EP 507 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Polymer Science SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy; Polymer Science GA BS52D UT WOS:000170202400147 ER PT S AU Gessmann, T Petkov, MP Weber, MH Lynn, KG Rodbell, KP Asoka-Kumar, P Stoeffl, W Howell, RH AF Gessmann, T Petkov, MP Weber, MH Lynn, KG Rodbell, KP Asoka-Kumar, P Stoeffl, W Howell, RH BE Triftshauser, W Kogel, G Sperr, P TI Study of positronium in low-k dielectric films by means of 2D-angular correlation experiments at a high-intensity slow-positron beam SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION - ICPA-12 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-12) CY AUG 06-12, 2000 CL UNIV BUNDERSWEHR MUNCHEN, NEUBIBERG, GERMANY SP Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Verein Freunde, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft, Bayerisches Staatsminist Wissensch Kunst, Gemeinde Neubiberg, Fremdenverkehrsamt Stadt Munchen, Canberra Packard Gmbh, Chemotrade Gmbh, Deutsch Bank 24, FAST ComTec GmbH, Gen Lloyd Versicherungs AG, Heiden Electr, Korth Kristalle GmbH, Leybold Vakuum GmbH, Pantolsky KG Apparatebau, Siemens Gebaudetech, Tektronix GmbH, Varian GmbH HO UNIV BUNDERSWEHR MUNCHEN DE angular correlation; para-positronium; slow position beam; thermalisation ID OPEN-VOLUME DEFECTS; SPIN-ON-GLASS; ANNIHILATION SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS AB Depth-resolved measurements of two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation (2D-ACAR) were performed at the intense slow-positron beam at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The formation of positronium was studied in thin films of methyl-silsesquioxane (MSSQ) spin-on glass containing large open-volume defects (voids). Two samples with different average void sizes were investigated and positronium formation could be found in both cases. The width of the angular correlation related to annihilation of para-positronium (p-Ps) increased with the void size consistent with the annihilation of nonthermalized p-Ps. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gessmann, T (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-875-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 363-3 BP 585 EP 587 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Polymer Science SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy; Polymer Science GA BS52D UT WOS:000170202400171 ER PT S AU Xu, J Moxom, J Somieski, B White, CW Mills, AP Suzuki, R Ishibashi, S Ueda, A Henderson, D AF Xu, J Moxom, J Somieski, B White, CW Mills, AP Suzuki, R Ishibashi, S Ueda, A Henderson, D BE Triftshauser, W Kogel, G Sperr, P TI Vacancy clusters at nanoparticle surfaces SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION - ICPA-12 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-12) CY AUG 06-12, 2000 CL UNIV BUNDERSWEHR MUNCHEN, NEUBIBERG, GERMANY SP Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Verein Freunde, Deutsch Forsch Sgemeinsch, Bayerisches Staatsminist Wissensch Kunst, Gemeinde Neubiberg, Fremdenverkehrsamt Stadt Munchen, Canberra Packard Gmbh, Chemotrade Gmbh, Deutsch Bank 24, FAST ComTec GmbH, Gen Lloyd Versicher AG, Heiden Electr, Korth Kristalle GmbH, Leybold Vakuum GmbH, Pantolsky KG Apparatebau, Siemens Gebaudetech, Tektronix GmbH, Varian GmbH HO UNIV BUNDERSWEHR MUNCHEN DE 2D-Doppler broadening coincidence; positron lifetime spectroscopy; nanoparticles; nanosurfaces; vacancy AB We detect vacancy clusters at Au nanoparticle surfaces using a combination of positron lifetime spectroscopy, 1-detector, and 2-detector measurements of Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation. Gold nanoparticles are formed by MeV implantation of gold ions into MgO (100) followed by annealing. Clusters of two Mg and two O vacancies (v(4)) are attached to the gold nanoparticle surfaces within the projected range (R-p). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Electrotech Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-875-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 363-3 BP 637 EP 639 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Polymer Science SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy; Polymer Science GA BS52D UT WOS:000170202400187 ER PT S AU Selim, FA Hunt, AW Howell, RH Lynn, KG Golovchenko, JA AF Selim, FA Hunt, AW Howell, RH Lynn, KG Golovchenko, JA BE Triftshauser, W Kogel, G Sperr, P TI Developments on positron scattering experiments including beam production and detection SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION - ICPA-12 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-12) CY AUG 06-12, 2000 CL UNIV BUNDERSWEHR MUNCHEN, NEUBIBERG, GERMANY SP Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Verein Freunde, Deutsch Forsch Sgemeinsch, Bayerisches Staatsminist Wissensch Kunst, Gemeinde Neubiberg, Fremdenverkehrsamt Stadt Munchen, Canberra Packard Gmbh, Chemotrade Gmbh, Deutsch Bank 24, FAST ComTec GmbH, Gen Lloyd Versicher AG, Heiden Electr, Korth Kristalle GmbH, Leybold Vakuum GmbH, Pantolsky KG Apparatebau, Siemens Gebaudetech, Tektronix GmbH, Varian GmbH HO UNIV BUNDERSWEHR MUNCHEN DE channeling; image plate detector; positron optics; positron scattering AB Positron scattering and channeling experiments require high quality (low emittance) beams. A new electrostatic Optics system for extracting positrons from a moderator is presented, The system features improved efficiency of focusing and beam transport of moderated positrons emitted with angular spreads up to +/- 30 degrees, with good phase space characteristics. The presented optics also provides a high degree of freedom in controlling exit beam trajectories. The system has been installed in the LLNL Pelletron accelerator and showed great enhancement on the beam quality. On the detection side, Image plates were used to measure the angular distributions of positrons transmitted through the gold crystals. The measurements demonstrate the advantages of image plates as quantitative position sensitive detectors for positrons. C1 Univ Alexandria, Dept Engn Phys, Alexandria 21544, Egypt. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Selim, FA (reprint author), Univ Alexandria, Dept Engn Phys, Alexandria 21544, Egypt. RI Selim, Farida/N-8077-2016 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-875-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 363-3 BP 640 EP 642 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Polymer Science SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy; Polymer Science GA BS52D UT WOS:000170202400188 ER PT J AU Leonard, R Dowley, LJ Rice, B Ward, S AF Leonard, R Dowley, LJ Rice, B Ward, S TI Comparison of the NegFry decision support system with routine fungicide application for the control of potato late blight in Ireland SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DSS; Phytophthora infestans; fluazinam; mancozeb AB Field experiments between 1996 and 2000 compared the efficacy of fungicide programmes applied in accordance with the NegFry and Met Eireann (ME) decision support systems (DSS) for the control of late blight with 7- and 10-day routine fungicide programmes. The ME DSS reduced fungicide use by 68% and 54% respectively while NegFry reduced fungicide use by 49% and 27% compared with the 7- and 10-day programmes. The NegFry DSS was similar to the 10-day routine programme in terms of late blight control, quality and marketable yield. A similar result was found when the NegFry DSS was compared with a 7-day routine mancozeb programme (included for two seasons only). Within the NegFry DSS the use of fluazinam resulted in improved yield, foliage blight and tuber blight control compared with mancozeb, but this benefit was significant for tuber blight only. The ME DSS resulted in inferior disease control, yield and quality. C1 TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Agr & Food Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Leonard, R (reprint author), TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Pk, Carlow, Ireland. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN ASSN POTATO RES PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 20, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1007/BF02358593 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 587QM UT WOS:000177653500002 ER PT B AU Anderson, IE Terpstra, RL Rau, S AF Anderson, IE Terpstra, RL Rau, S BE Marquis, FDS Thadhani, NN Barrera, EV TI Enhanced understanding of high pressure gas atomization processing SO POWDER MATERIALS: CURRENT RESEARCH AND INDUSTRIAL PRACTICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Power Materials: Current Research and Industrial Practices held at the 2001 TMS Fall Meeting CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB Atomization spray observations and size distribution analysis were performed on a close-coupled discrete jet atomization process for pure Cu at low gas/metal mass flow ratios (about 1 to 2). The results suggested that increased process uniformity (std. dev. < 2) may be achieved if a stabilized melt flow is introduced into the segmented gas flow pattern by means of an internally slotted pour tube. Further atomization experiments on Cu at increased G/M (about 3 to 4) have resulted in verification of this size distribution narrowing promoted by the use of a slotted pour tube for a simple cylindrical discrete jet nozzle and a fixed atomization parameter set using nitrogen supplied at 6.9MPa. By comparing the data, an increased G/M appeared to reduce the mean particle size, but melt flow stabilization had the most significant effect on the standard deviation of particle size. Such narrowing of the size distribution indicates that increased primary disintegration was promoted by these atomization system modifications. While the standard deviation measurements still indicated that ideal primary atomization conditions were not achieved, the size results were useful to test against two gas atomization models, based on either capillary wave or acceleration wave breakup. The predictions of both existing atomization models for mean particle size, approximately 9 and 6 mum for the capillary and acceleration wave models, respectively, were far smaller than the measured range of 21 to 35 mum. However, the strategy of stabilized melt flow thinning seems promising for continued progress toward an ideal minimum standard deviation of atomized particle size and the possibility of a critical test of the operative atomization physics. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-507-7 PY 2001 BP 3 EP 17 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT38X UT WOS:000172836900001 ER PT B AU Cherepy, N Krueger, R Cooper, JF AF Cherepy, N Krueger, R Cooper, JF BE Ryan, MA Surampudi, S Jain, M TI Direct electrochemical conversion of carbon anode fuels in molten salt media SO POWER SOURCES FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Power Sources for the New Millennium CY OCT 22-27, 2000 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Electrochem Soc Energy Tecchnol & Ind Electrolysis Div, Electrochem Soc Electrochem Engn Div AB We are conducting research into the direct electrochemical conversion of reactive carbons into electricity-with experimental evidence of total efficiencies exceeding 80% of the heat of combustion of carbon. Together with technologies for extraction of reactive carbons from broad based fossil fuels, direct carbon conversion addresses the objectives of DOE's "21(st) Century Fuel Cell" with exceptionally high efficiency (>70% based on standard heat of reaction, DeltaH(std)), as well as broader objectives of managing CO2 emissions. We are exploring the reactivity of a wide range of carbons derived from diverse sources, including pyrolyzed hydrocarbons, petroleum cokes, purified coals and biochars, and relating their electrochemical reactivity to nano/microstructural characteristics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cherepy, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-289-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2000 IS 22 BP 64 EP 66 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BX93U UT WOS:000186891500006 ER PT B AU Nelson, PA Henriksen, GL Amine, K AF Nelson, PA Henriksen, GL Amine, K BE Ryan, MA Surampudi, S Jain, M TI Computer simulation of lithium-ion battery performance in hybrid electric vehicles SO POWER SOURCES FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Power Sources for the New Millennium CY OCT 22-27, 2000 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Electrochem Soc Energy Tecchnol & Ind Electrolysis Div, Electrochem Soc Electrochem Engn Div AB In this study, a lithium-ion battery was designed for a hybrid electric vehicle, and the design was tested by a computer program that simulates driving of a vehicle on test cycles. The results showed that the performance goals that have been set for such batteries by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles are appropriate. The study also indicated, however, that the heat generation rate in the battery is high, and that the compact lithium-ion battery would probably require cooling by a dielectric liquid for operation under conditions of vigorous vehicle driving. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nelson, PA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-289-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2000 IS 22 BP 245 EP 256 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BX93U UT WOS:000186891500028 ER PT B AU Buttram, M AF Buttram, M BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Some future directions for repetitive pulsed power SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Repetitive pulsed power has been pursued at a moderate level for decades, yet in a sense it is still a young and growing discipline. This implies that it is still on the fast portion of its growth curve. The 90s were a relatively quiet decade, but customer interest is growing again, and with it comes new demands on the technology. Orders of magnitude advances will be needed over the next ten years. Fortunately, there is the potential for improvements of that order because of the relative immaturity of the technology. This paper discusses some of that potential. It does not attempt to provide a complete overview of the possibilities. Rather it attempts to identify a few areas where large growth seems likely over the next decade and to highlight the drivers for substantial breakthroughs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Buttram, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1153, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000001 ER PT B AU Ekdahl, C AF Ekdahl, C BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Modern electron accelerators for radiography SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Over the past dozen years or so there have been significant advances in electron accelerators designed specifically for radiography of hydrodynamic experiments. Accelerator technology has evolved to accommodate the radiographers' continuing quest for multiple images in time and space. Improvements in electron beam quality have resulted in smaller radiographic spot sizes for better resolution, while higher radiation dose now provides improved penetration of large, dense objects. Inductive isolation and acceleration techniques have played a key role in these advances. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ekdahl, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000003 ER PT B AU Reed, KW Pena, GE Schneider, LX Rudys, JM AF Reed, KW Pena, GE Schneider, LX Rudys, JM BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI A novel electron gun with an independently addressable cathode array SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The design of a novel electron gun with an array of independently addressable cathode elements is presented. Issues relating to operation in a 6.5 Tesla axial magnetic field are discussed. Simulations with the TriComp [1] electromagnetic field code that were used to determine the space charge limited tube characteristic and to model focusing of the electron beam in the magnetic field are reviewed. Foil heating and stress calculations are discussed. The results of CYLTRAN [2] simulations yielding the energy spectrum of the electron beam and the current transmitted through the foil window are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reed, KW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 126 EP 129 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000017 ER PT B AU Goforth, JH Caird, RS Fowler, CM Herrera, DH King, JC Lopez, EA Oona, H Sena, FC Tasker, DG Torres, DT AF Goforth, JH Caird, RS Fowler, CM Herrera, DH King, JC Lopez, EA Oona, H Sena, FC Tasker, DG Torres, DT BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Five to 10 MA experiments using flat plate explosive generators SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB High explosive pulsed power (HEPP) techniques can address a wide range of pulsed power needs. The basis for HEPP techniques is the use of high explosives to reduce the inductance of a current-carrying circuit, thus multiplying the current due to magnetic flux conservation. For the past twenty years at Los Alamos, our high energy density physics (HEDP) program has followed a path leading to more sophisticated and higher current (and often power) systems. Twenty years ago, we had the capability of conducting tests at 10, or even 30 MA, with no power conditioning and low inductance loads. The time scale of the experiment was the time it took to compress the flux explosively, and our fastest generator with high current capability was a plate generator [1]. The operating time of the generator is less than 15 mus, and flux loading requires either an additional similar to60 mus or a reduced-efficiency inductive coupling scheme. We could also deliver shortened pulses to select loads by completing our generator circuit, initially, with a relatively high inductance circuit element, then switching in a lower inductance with 2-3 mus left of the generator pulse. Figure 1 shows the results of such a test. The test was conducted in 1974 to investigate our capability to drive plasma z-pinch experiments for the production of soft x-rays [2], and was a pulsed power success. However, our understanding of vacuum power flow issues was not mature enough at that time to design a functioning plasma z-pinch load. There was a renewed need for such a system in 1980, and at that time we began assembling a complete set of techniques required for success. We first fielded a baseline test using a simplified version of the HEPP system that generated the Figure 1 data. Subsequent tests followed a "bite size" philosophy. That is, we first designed a complete system for a level of complexity at which we believed success could be achieved. We conducted tests of that system, and once it was working in all respects, we designed the next generation system. The ultimate goal of this process was to develop a source of similar to1 MJ of soft x-rays. The process culminated, after the development of two intermediate level systems [3,4], with the development of the Procyon system [5]. This system produced x-ray pulses of up to 1.7 MJ at temperatures up to 97 eV [6]. Following those experiments, our attention turned to powering solid-density z-pinch liners, requiring even higher current systems. At Los Alamos, we developed the Ranchero system [7] for that purpose, and we have collaborated with HEPP experts in Russia [8] to power similar liner loads using disk generator systems. Our Ranchero system includes a module tested at similar to50 MA, that should operate easily at 70-90 MA. We designed Ranchero to allow modules arrayed in parallel to generate currents over 200 MA, and we are confident that we can do experiments now at 50-200 MA in the same way that we could do tests at 10-30 MA with plate generators 20 years ago. We have recently stepped back from our quest for higher energy and power systems to consider what applications we can address using relatively low cost plate generators coupled with advances achieved in our HEDP system development. We will describe relevant HEPP components, and discuss two promising applications. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goforth, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 150 EP 153 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000022 ER PT B AU Mar, A Loubriel, GM Zutavern, FJ Roose, LD Baca, AG Denison, GJ Smith, PA O'Malley, MW Brown, DJ AF Mar, A Loubriel, GM Zutavern, FJ Roose, LD Baca, AG Denison, GJ Smith, PA O'Malley, MW Brown, DJ BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Fireset applications of improved longevity optically activated GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The longevity of high gain GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) for fireset applications operating at 1kV/1kA levels and higher has been greatly improved by multiple filament triggering and improved contacts. While longevity operating at similar to100A or below has been greatly increased by doping the semi-insulating GaAs underneath the contact metal to improve the ohmic contacts, this technique has not yet improved PCSS longevity for firesets. This paper will compare various approaches to optical triggering of the switches and methods of establishing electrical connection to the devices with regard to switch longevity at kA current levels. Data on device performance and lifetime will also be presented for different structures. The device characterization also includes examination of the switch behavior due to neutron irradiation. This irradiation provides an enhancement of DC voltage holdoff, improvement of radiation hardness, and modificaton of switching behavior. To improve lifetime at 1kV-1kA and above, we employ multi-filament operation and InPb solder/Au ribbon wirebonding. These studies have resulted in the demonstration of fireset switches that have >400 shot lifetime at nominally 1kA operating current. This data is guiding the continuing refinement of device structures, configurations for optical triggering, and electrical contacts to meet the demands of fireset applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mar, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 166 EP 169 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000026 ER PT B AU Zutavern, FJ Baca, AG Chow, WW Hafich, MJ Hjalmarson, HP Loubriel, GM Mar, A O'Malley, MW Vawter, GA AF Zutavern, FJ Baca, AG Chow, WW Hafich, MJ Hjalmarson, HP Loubriel, GM Mar, A O'Malley, MW Vawter, GA BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Semiconductor lasers from photoconductive switch filaments SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB At the 8(th) Pulsed Power Conference (1991), this group reported the first images of current filaments in high gain photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS)[5]. Since that time many properties of the current filaments have been reported, including the ability to control the location, shape, and timing of the filaments with an optical trigger. Recently, we have invented a new class of semiconductor laser, using current filaments as the active region. We have fabricated and tested current filament semiconductor lasers (CFSL) producing 75 nJ of 890 nm radiation in 1.5 ns (50 W peak), approximately ten times more energy than conventional (injection-pumped) semiconductor lasers (CSL) in comparable pulse lengths. These lasers are created from the electron-hole (e-h) plasma at the center of the current filaments in semi-insulating GaAs PCSS. In contrast to CSL, these new lasers are not based on current injection at diode junctions. Instead, a low-field avalanche breakdown produces a high-density, charge-neutral plasma channel with an carrier inversion that supports lasing. CFSL can produce much more energy in short pulses than CSL because they are not limited in volume by the depth of junctions. Since we have observed filaments as long as 3.4 cm and several hundred microns in diameter in high gain GaAs PCSS, we believe the active region in CFSL can be more than 100 times larger than the active region in CSL. The diameters imply higher energies and reduced divergence, that are consistent with our "exploratory" results. This presentation reports lasing properties from several configurations of CFSL: high energy, pulse compression, spectral narrowing, lasing thresholds, optical feedback., and low beam divergence. The properties of the e-h plasma in PCSS current filaments will be compared and contrasted with the gas phase plasma properties in high voltage gas gap switches. The CFSL are pulsed charged and optical triggered exactly like PCSS with the exception that the filament must be created in a very straight line by using an optical line trigger. Potential applications include: active optical sensing and imaging, optical triggers for large PCSS, plasma diagnostics, micro-machining, semiconductor scribing, laser ablating, short pulse optical communication, and permanent optical memory. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zutavern, FJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 170 EP 173 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000027 ER PT B AU Molina, LL Mar, A Zutavern, FJ Loubriel, GM O'Malley, MW AF Molina, LL Mar, A Zutavern, FJ Loubriel, GM O'Malley, MW BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Sub-nanosecond avalanche transistor drivers for low impedance pulsed power applications. SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Ultra compact, short pulse, high voltage, high current pulsers are needed for a variety of non-linear electrical and optical applications. With a fast risetime and short pulse width, these drivers are capable of producing sub-nanosecond electrical and thus optical pulses by gain switching semiconductor laser diodes. Gain-switching of laser diodes requires a sub-nanosecond pulser capable of driving a low output impedance. (5 52 or less). Optical pulses obtained had risetimes as fast as 20ps. The designed pulsers also could be used for triggering photo-conductive semiconductor switches (PCSS), gating high speed optical imaging systems, and providing electrical and optical sources for fast transient sensor applications. Building on concepts from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [I], the development of pulsers based on solid state avalanche transistors was adapted to drive low impedances. As each successive stage is avalanched in the circuit, the amount of over voltage increases, increasing the switching speed and improving the turn on time of the output pulse at the final stage. The output of the pulser is coupled into the load using a Blumlein configuration. The impedance and associated discharge time of this configuration is tailored to the impedance and pulse duration requirements of the load. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Molina, LL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 178 EP 181 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000029 ER PT B AU Reass, WA Doss, JD Gribble, RR AF Reass, WA Doss, JD Gribble, RR BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI A 1 megawatt polyphase boost converter-modulator for klystron pulse application SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB This paper describes electrical design criteria and first operational results a 140 kV, 1 MW average, 11 MW peak, zero-voltage-switching 20 kHz polyphase bridge, boost converter/modulator for klystron pulse application. The DC-DC converter derives the buss voltages from a standard 13.8 kV to 2300 Y substation cast-core transformer. Energy storage and filtering is provided by self-clearing metallized hazy polypropylene traction capacitors. Three "H-Bridge" Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) switching networks are used to generate the polyphase 20 kHz transformer primary drive waveforms. The 20 kHz drive waveforms are chirped the appropriate duration to generate the desired klystron pulse width. PWM (pulse width modulation) of the individual 20 kHz pulses is utilized to provide regulated output waveforms with adaptive feedforward and feedback techniques. The boost transformer design utilizes amorphous nanocrystalline material that provides the required low core loss at design flux levels and switching frequencies. Resonant shunt-peaking is used on the transformer secondary to boost output voltage and resonate transformer leakage inductance. With the appropriate transformer leakage inductance and peaking capacitance, zero-voltage-switching of the IGBT's is attained, minimizing switching losses. A review of these design parameters and the first results of the performance characteristics will be presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Reass, WA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 250 EP 253 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000046 ER PT B AU Zutavern, FJ Baca, AG Chow, WW Hafich, MJ Hjalmarson, HP Loubriel, GM Mar, A O'Malley, MW Roose, LD Vawter, GA AF Zutavern, FJ Baca, AG Chow, WW Hafich, MJ Hjalmarson, HP Loubriel, GM Mar, A O'Malley, MW Roose, LD Vawter, GA BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Electron-hole plasmas in semiconductors SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Electron-hole (e-h) plasmas are found in high speed, high power semiconductor switches and oscillators. Their properties are used to describe the operation of high-gain photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS), resonant tunneling diodes, Read diodes, impact ionization avalanche transit time (IMPATT) devices, and Gunn oscillators. Models for electronic polarizability, plasma resonances, transit time effects, and plasma cooling in diodes, transistors, 2-dimensional field effect transistors (FET), and quantum wires must reach beyond single particle interactions and include collective, many-body effects and hydrodynamic equations to obtain reasonable agreement with measurements. Despite the radical differences between the physics of semiconductors and gases, the current filaments in high gain PCSS are strikingly similar to those found in gas breakdown switches. Gas plasmas constitute the active region in gas discharge lasers. In a very similar way, we have produced a new type of semiconductor laser that is based on the e-h plasma in semiconductor current filaments. Comparisons and contrasts will be made of the properties and fundamental phenomena of these switches and lasers. This paper will focus on the plasma properties of current filaments in PCSS that we have measured, such as carrier densities, plasma frequencies, transit times, and rates of formation. The understanding and development of 2 and 3 dimensional plasmas in semiconductors is important for the production of higher bandwidth (0.1-10 THz) devices, because plasma wave frequencies and transit times are not limited by saturation velocities and device sizes. Potential uses for semiconductor plasmas include: THz sources, sensors, and lasers for high bandwidth communication, semiconductor and plasma diagnostics, and bio-medical applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zutavern, FJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 289 EP 293 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000056 ER PT B AU Scudder, DW Archuleta, SA Ballard, EO Barr, GW Cochrane, JCB Davis, HA Griego, JR Hadden, ES Hinckley, WB Hosack, KW Martinez, JE Mills, D Padilla, JN Parker, JV Parsons, WM Reinovsky, RE Stokes, JL Thompson, MC Tom, CY Wysocki, FJ Vigil, BN Elizondo, J Miller, RB Del Anderson, H Campbell, TN Owens, RS AF Scudder, DW Archuleta, SA Ballard, EO Barr, GW Cochrane, JCB Davis, HA Griego, JR Hadden, ES Hinckley, WB Hosack, KW Martinez, JE Mills, D Padilla, JN Parker, JV Parsons, WM Reinovsky, RE Stokes, JL Thompson, MC Tom, CY Wysocki, FJ Vigil, BN Elizondo, J Miller, RB Del Anderson, H Campbell, TN Owens, RS BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Atlas - A new pulsed power tool at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The Atlas pulsed power driver has recently been commissioned at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This paper provides an overview of the Atlas facility, its initial experimental program and plans for the future. The reader desiring more detailed information is referred to papers in this conference by Keinigs et al. on materials studies, Cochrane et al.on machine performance and Ballard et al. on fabrication and assembly. Atlas is a high current generator capable of driving 30 megamps through a low-inductance load. It has been designed to require minimal maintenance, provide excellent diagnostic access, and rapid turnaround. Its capacitor bank stores 23.5 megajoules in a four-stage Marx configuration which erects to 240 kV at maximum charge. It has a quarter-cycle time of 4.5 microseconds. It will typically drive cylindrical aluminum liners in a z-pinch configuration to velocities up to 10 mm/musec while maintaining the inner surface in the solid state. Diagnostic access includes 360 of radial view as well as axial views from above and below. The photograph shows the circle of tanks containing capacitor banks, the diagnostic platform and load area. Atlas construction began in 1996 and high-current acceptance tests were completed in December of 2000. Initial shots include liner characterization shots using a target design similar to NTLX experiments (see several papers by Turchi et al., this meeting). These will be followed by experiments studying hydro features, useful for validating hydrodynamic algorithms used in weapons computer codes. DOE plans to relocate the Atlas generator to the Nevada Test Site as early as 2002, where it will continue its experimental program supporting the Stockpile Stewardship program and other users. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Scudder, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-E548, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 294 EP 297 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000057 ER PT B AU Zhang, W Sandberg, J Parsons, WM Walstrom, P Murray, MM Cook, E Hartouni, E AF Zhang, W Sandberg, J Parsons, WM Walstrom, P Murray, MM Cook, E Hartouni, E BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Design considerations of fast kicker systems for high intensity proton accelerators SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB In this paper, we discuss the specific issues related to the design of the Fast Kicker Systems for high intensity proton accelerators. To address these issues in the preliminary design stage can be critical since the fast kicker systems affect the machine lattice structure and overall design parameters. Main topics include system architecture, design strategy, beam current coupling, grounding, end user cost vs. system cost, reliability, redundancy and flexibility. Operating experience with the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron injection and extraction kicker systems at Brookhaven National Laboratory and their future upgrade is presented. Additionally, new conceptual designs of the extraction kicker for the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge and the Advanced Hydrotest Facility at Los Alamos are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept CA, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept CA, Bldg 911A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 302 EP 305 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000059 ER PT B AU Cassel, RL Nguyen, MN AF Cassel, RL Nguyen, MN BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI A new type short circuit failures of high power IGBT's SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The Next Linear Collider accelerator proposal at SLAC requires a high efficiency, highly reliable, and low cost pulsed-power modulator to drive the 500KV, X band klystrons. A Solid State Induction Modulator to power the klystrons is under development uses high voltage 3.3kV high current (3KA pulses for 3 muS) IGBT modules develop for traction and electric train application. Testing of these IGBTs under pulsed conditions have been very successful, however the IGBTs failed under short circuit testing. Unpredicted current and gate waveforms and eventual IGBT failures occur when short circuit tests were performed into extremely low short circuit inductances (< 50nH). The failures appeared to be gate related and not the anticipated collector to emitter overvoltage. The internal connection structure of the IGBT package was analyzed and its performance simulated, which resulted in an understanding of the strange current response under short circuit and the resulting failures. Test results will be presented, IGBT package layout, circuit simulation and recommendation for modification to the standard IGBT layout to improve performance of IGBT's under extremely low inductance short circuits. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Cassel, RL (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 322 EP 324 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000064 ER PT B AU Keinigs, RK Atchison, WL Anderson, WE Bartsch, RR Faehl, RJ Flower-Maudlin, EC Hammerberg, JE Holtkamp, DB Jones, ME Kyrala, G Lindemuth, IR Oro, DM Parker, JV Preston, DL Reinovsky, RE Rodriquez, G Scudder, DW Sheehey, PT Shlachter, JS Stokes, J Taylor, AJ Tonks, DL Turchi, PJ Chandler, E AF Keinigs, RK Atchison, WL Anderson, WE Bartsch, RR Faehl, RJ Flower-Maudlin, EC Hammerberg, JE Holtkamp, DB Jones, ME Kyrala, G Lindemuth, IR Oro, DM Parker, JV Preston, DL Reinovsky, RE Rodriquez, G Scudder, DW Sheehey, PT Shlachter, JS Stokes, J Taylor, AJ Tonks, DL Turchi, PJ Chandler, E BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Material science experiments on the Atlas facility SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Three material properties experiments that are to be performed on the Atlas pulsed power facility are described; friction at sliding metal interfaces, spallation and damage in convergent geomety, and plastic flow at high strain and high strain rate. Construction of this facility has been completed and experiments in high energy density hydrodynamics and material dynamics will begin in 2001. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keinigs, RK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 356 EP 360 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000073 ER PT B AU Turchi, PJ Alvey, K Anderson, B Anderson, HD Anderson, W Atchison, WL Bartos, J Bowers, RL Corrow, R Echave, J Froggett, B Guzik, J Kanzleiter, R Lebeda, C Olson, RT Oro, D Peterson, K Pritchett, R Randolph, RB Reinovsky, RE Roberts, J Rodriguez, G Sandoval, G Salazar, M Stokes, J Studebaker, J Tabaka, L Taylor, AJ Cavazos, T Coffey, S Degnan, JH Gale, D Kiuttu, G Peterkin, RE Sommars, W AF Turchi, PJ Alvey, K Anderson, B Anderson, HD Anderson, W Atchison, WL Bartos, J Bowers, RL Corrow, R Echave, J Froggett, B Guzik, J Kanzleiter, R Lebeda, C Olson, RT Oro, D Peterson, K Pritchett, R Randolph, RB Reinovsky, RE Roberts, J Rodriguez, G Sandoval, G Salazar, M Stokes, J Studebaker, J Tabaka, L Taylor, AJ Cavazos, T Coffey, S Degnan, JH Gale, D Kiuttu, G Peterkin, RE Sommars, W BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Design and operation of high energy liner implosions at 16 MA for studies of converging shocks SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Electromagnetically-driven implosion of solid-density, cylindrical liners can launch shocks with excellent precision at impact speeds exceeding 5 km/s. We discuss the design and operation of liner implosions driven at peak currents of 16MA, using the Shiva Star capacitor bank at the Air Force Research Laboratory. Liners of 1100 aluminum, with initial length, radius and thickness of 4 cm, 5 cm and 1 mm, respectively, implode under the action of an axial current, rising in 8 mus. Fields on conductor surfaces exceed 0.6 MG. The inner surface of the liner achieves a speed of 6.25 km/s when it impacts a concentric target cylinder of tin at a radius of 2 cm. Magnetic probes and radially-aligned X-radiography follow the motion of the liner and its impact on the tin cylinder. This cylinder holds a solid cylinder of acrylic of 1.5 cm radius in which the motion of a converging shock is followed by optical shadowgraphy and axially-aligned, X-radiography. Design issues that were successfully addressed include: Pulsed Power - current joints at high magnetic fields in the vicinity of the liner and glide-plane/electrodes, where magnetic pressures quickly exceed values for mechanical pre-stress, requiring dynamic solutions; surface temperature enhancements at changes in current direction; possibility of electrical breakdown at connection of liner cassette insulator to bank insulation; need for magnetic inhibition of breakdown (MIB) between liner surface and insulator; Liner Physics - angle needed to maintain current contact between liner and glide-plane/electrode without jetting or buckling; nonlinear magnetic diffusion into liner and associated melting; Diagnostics - X-radiography through cassette insulator and outer conductor without shrapnel damage to film. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-D410, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 361 EP 364 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000074 ER PT B AU Stokes, J Tabaka, L Parker, J Anderson, D Corrow, R Pritchett, R Coffey, S Degnan, J AF Stokes, J Tabaka, L Parker, J Anderson, D Corrow, R Pritchett, R Coffey, S Degnan, J BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Measurement of the current and symmetry of the impact liner on the NTLX experiments SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB A series of four liner implosion experiments, denoted the Near Tern Liner Experiments (NTLX) was recently conducted on the Shiva Star capacitor bank at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Measurement of the driving currents in these experiments is required for post-shot analysis of the liner implosion and experiments conducted in the target cylinder. A Faraday rotation measurement was fielded on Shiva Star to measure the current and compare with the current measured by a Rogowski coil technique. The Faraday rotation technique measured the 16 MA currents in these experiments with better than 1% precision. In addition, six B-dot probes were fielded at equal angles around a circle in the powerflow channel outside the liner to measure the symmetry of the liner impact on the target cylinder. The B-dot probes measure the local I-dot, which has a jump when the liner impacts the target cylinder. A high-pass filter allows one to measure this jump more accurately. From the relative timing of the jump signals, the offset of the liner axis and the circularity of liner are inferred. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stokes, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-D410, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 365 EP 367 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000075 ER PT B AU Roberts, JP Rodriguez, G Echave, JA Taylor, AJ AF Roberts, JP Rodriguez, G Echave, JA Taylor, AJ BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Development and fielding of high-speed laser shadowgraphy for electro-magnetically driven cylindrical implosions SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB A laser shadowgraphy system for high-speed imaging of a convergent cylindrical shockwave generated by an electro-magnetically driven solid density liner implosion in Lucite is described. The laser shadowgraphy system utilizes an advanced high-energy, long-pulse, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser for target illumination and a fast framing camera for multiple frame imaging of the shockwave as it radially converges and transits the Lucite. The time window resolution is 10 ns as determined by the fastest exposure time capable with the camera. Two on-axis symmetric implosions and two off-axis antisymmetric implosion experiments were fielded at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Shiva Star 4.2 MJ capacitor bank z-pinch facility. For each experimental shot, the shadowgraphy system captured several frames of shadowgraph images as the shockwave moved through the Lucite. Analysis of the shockwave shadowgraph image shapes is done by fitting each shadowgraph image to a generic elliptical fit function and plotting the resultant 2-D image fits for comparison. For the on-axis symmetric implosion shots, a radial shock velocity is calculated. The Lucite shock speed is seen to increase monotonically from an initial velocity of 7.9 mm/mus to a near final velocity of 13.4 mm/mus as convergence effects dominate the shock speed calculated at small radii. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Roberts, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 368 EP 371 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000076 ER PT B AU Olson, RT Oro, DM Anderson, BG Studebaker, JK AF Olson, RT Oro, DM Anderson, BG Studebaker, JK BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Radiographic results from the NTLX series of hydrodynamic experiments SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The NTLX series of experiments are focused on measuring the shock induced hydrodynamic flow of a Sn-PMMA target. For these experiments multi-frame flash X-ray radiography is used to measure the. position of the Sn-PMMA target interface and the location of shock in the PMMA as a function of time. Four radiographs are acquired at 700 ns intervals having a line-of-sight following the target's axis of symmetry. Because the Xray spectrum from the sources has an end-point energy of similar to300 keV with a strong component of similar to60 keV tungsten K-line radiation, the Sn portion of the target is radiographically opaque. However, X-rays are transmitted through the PMMA portion of the target thereby allowing motion of the Sn-PMMA interface to be imaged. Also, the shock location is tracked as a function of time due to the density increase in the shocked PMMA. The resulting radiographs are analyzed to provide the trajectory and shape of both the shock and Sn-PMMA interface. In addition, the shock velocity in the Sn is determined for asymmetric target geometries. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olson, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-D410, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000077 ER PT B AU Newton, MA Fulkerson, ES Hulsey, SD Kamm, RE Pendleton, DL Petersen, DE Smith, CR Ullery, GT McKay, PF Moore, WB Muirhead, DA AF Newton, MA Fulkerson, ES Hulsey, SD Kamm, RE Pendleton, DL Petersen, DE Smith, CR Ullery, GT McKay, PF Moore, WB Muirhead, DA BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Overview and status of the Power Conditioning System for the National Ignition Facility SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) Power Conditioning System (PCS) is a modular capacitive energy storage system that provides over 34 kilojoules of energy to each of the nearly 8000 flashlamps in the NIF laser. Up to 400 megajoules of energy can be stored in the NIF PCS system, discharged through spark gaps and delivered to the flashlamps through a coaxial transmission line system requiring nearly 100 miles of high-voltage cable. The NIF PCS has been under development for nearly 4 years. During this time, the system was developed and designed by Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, NM (SNLA) in conjunction with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Extensive reliability testing was performed at SNLA on the First Article NIF Test Module (FANTM) test facility and design improvements were implemented based on FANTM test results, leading to the final design presently undergoing system reliability testing at LLNL. Low-cost energy-storage capacitors, charging power supplies, and reliable, fault-tolerant components were developed through partnerships with numerous contractors. Extensive reliability and fault testing of components has also been performed. This paper will provide an overview of the many efforts that have culminated in the final design of the NIF PCS. The PCS system design will be described and the cost tradeoffs discussed. Plans for fabrication and installation of the NIF PCS system over the next 6 years will be presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Newton, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 405 EP 408 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000085 ER PT B AU Kaita, R Johnson, D Roquemore, L Bitter, M Levinton, F Paoletti, F Stutman, D AF Kaita, R Johnson, D Roquemore, L Bitter, M Levinton, F Paoletti, F Stutman, D CA NSTX Team BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI NSTX diagnostics for fusion plasma science studies SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm ID SPHERICAL-TORUS-EXPERIMENT; REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; CONFINEMENT; SYSTEM AB This paper will discuss how plasma science issues are addressed by the diagnostics for the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), the newest large-scale machine in the magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) program. The development of new schemes for plasma confinement involves the interplay of experimental results and theoretical interpretations. A fundamental requirement, for example, is a determination of the equilibria for these configurations. For MCF, this is well established in the solutions of the Grad-Shafranov equation. While it is simple to state its basis in the balance between the kinetic and magnetic pressures, what they are as functions of space and time are often not easy to obtain. Quantities like the plasma pressure and current density are not directly measurable. They are derived from data that are themselves complex products of more basic parameters. The same difficulties apply to the understanding of plasma instabilities. Not only are the needs for spatial and temporal resolution more stringent, but the wave parameters which characterize the instabilities are difficult to resolve. We will show how solutions to the problems of diagnostic design on NSTX, and the physics insight the data analysis provides, benefits both NSTX and the broader scientific community. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, NSTX Team, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kaita, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, NSTX Team, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 425 EP 429 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000090 ER PT B AU Menge, PR Johnson, DL Maenchen, JE Rovang, DC Oliver, BV Rose, DV Welch, DR AF Menge, PR Johnson, DL Maenchen, JE Rovang, DC Oliver, BV Rose, DV Welch, DR BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Rod pinch radiography source optimization at 2.3 MV SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Rod pinch diodes have shown considerable promise as high-brightness flash x-ray sources for penetrating dynamic radiography for a variety of DOE Defense Programs applications. The rod pinch diode uses a small diameter (0.4 - 2 mm) anode rod extended through a cathode aperture. When properly configured, the electron beam born off of the aperture edge can self-insulate and pinch onto the tip of the rod creating an intense, small x-ray source. Experiments have been performed on Sandia's SABRE accelerator (2.3MV, 40 Omega, 60 ns) to optimize the source by maximizing the figure of merit (dose/spot diameter(2)) and minimizing the diode impedance droop. Many diode parameters have been examined including rod diameter, rod length, rod material, cathode aperture diameter, and cathode thickness. The best configuration tested so far uses a 0.5 mm diameter gold rod, a 6 mm and extension beyond the cathode aperture (diameter = 8 mm), to produce a world record 3.5 rad (filtered dose) at 1 m from a 0.85 mm x-ray spot. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Menge, PR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 454 EP 457 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000097 ER PT B AU Pate, R Riley, D Patterson, P Rinehart, L Buttram, M MacGregor, S Dick, A Kunhardt, E Hussey, T AF Pate, R Riley, D Patterson, P Rinehart, L Buttram, M MacGregor, S Dick, A Kunhardt, E Hussey, T BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Systems analysis, modeling, simulation, and signal processing aspects of coordinated experimental and modeling investigations of high-speed gas discharge switch breakdown behavior SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The authors have been engaged in experimental and modeling investigations of the electrical turn-on behavior of high-pressure gas discharge switching. Emphasis has been on characterizing the first few nanoseconds of switch turn-on for a range of operational conditions (i.e., gas type, gas pressure, gap length, drive circuit impedance, etc.). This paper describes the modeling, signal processing, and systems analysis aspects of the investigations, which were driven by interest in pursuing the extent to which limited experimental data could be usefully augmented with available computer modeling tools and techniques. A high-fidelity 3-D model of the experimental apparatus was developed and simulations performed using a full 3-D time-domain Maxwell solver. This provided detailed electrical characterization of the experimental system that allowed for the development of transfer functions enabling the estimation of time-varying discharge gap voltage and current waveforms based on experimental D-dot probe measurements taken some distance away from the discharge gap. The steps of this process are outlined, example results shown, conclusions presented, and directions for future work suggested. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pate, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 466 EP 470 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000100 ER PT B AU Struve, KW Corley, JP Johnson, DL Harjes, HC McDaniel, DH Shoup, RW Smith, DL Stygar, WA Weinbrecht, EA AF Struve, KW Corley, JP Johnson, DL Harjes, HC McDaniel, DH Shoup, RW Smith, DL Stygar, WA Weinbrecht, EA BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Design options for a pulsed-power upgrade of the Z accelerator SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB We are presently considering an extensive modification of the Z accelerator at the Sandia National Laboratories to both increase the current and radiative power, and to improve the facility, diagnostics, and shot rate. Record-breaking peak x-ray powers and Hohlraum temperatures achieved in z-pinch experiments on this machine motivate this effort. The electrical design goal of the upgrade is to drive a 40-mm diameter, 20-mm long wire-array z-pinch load with a peak current of 26 MA with a 100-ns implosion. Several changes to the pulsed-power design of Z are being considered. They are to increase the energy and lower the inductance of the Marx bank, increase the capacitance of the intermediate-store water capacitor, increase the voltage hold-off capability of the laser-triggered gas switch, lengthen the first section of the water pulse-forming line, remove impedance mismatches in the pulse-forming line, and adjust field grading on the water side of the insulator stack. With these changes Z will be able to provide peak currents greater than 26 MA, and x-ray energies exceeding 2.7 MJ. We plan to use the existing oil and water tanks, use the existing insulator stack and MITL's, and as much of the existing Marx-bank hardware as feasible. Circuit-code calculations for one design option are shown. The results of these simulations, when applied to standard water-breakdown criteria, are used to determine the size of the intermediate store (IS) and pulse-forming-line (PFL) components. We also indicate where further component development is needed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Struve, KW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS1194, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 569 EP 572 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000125 ER PT B AU Mazarakis, MG Spielman, RB Struve, KW Long, FW AF Mazarakis, MG Spielman, RB Struve, KW Long, FW BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Ultrafast LTD's for Bremsstrahlung diodes and Z-pinches SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Most of the modern high-current high-voltage induction linacs require several stages of pulse conditioning (pulse forming) to convert the multi-microsecond pulses of the Marx generator output to the 40-100 ns pulse required for a cell cavity. This makes the devices large, cumbersome to operate, and expensive. In the present design we eliminate Marxes and pulse-forming networks and instead utilize a new technology recently implemented at the Institute of High Current Electronics in Tomsk (Russia)[1,2]. Each inductive voltage adder cavity is directly fed by a number of fast 100-kV small-size capacitors arranged in a circular array around each accelerating gap. The number of capacitors connected in parallel to each cavity defines the total maximum current. By selecting low inductance switches, voltage pulses as short as 30-60-ns FWHM can be directly achieved. The voltage of each stage is low (100-200 kV). Many stages are required to achieve multi-megavolt accelerator output. However, since the length of each stage is very short (410 cm), accelerating gradients of higher than 1 MV/m can easily be obtained. Each LTD voltage adder can deliver up to 1-MA current to the load. To produce drivers of higher current, many LTD's are connected in parallel. A conceptual design for Saturn three ring diode and Z-pinch and a compact 10-MV 100-kA 60-ns accelerator for advanced radiography will be presented. In both designs the LTD's operate in vacuum and no liquid dielectrics like oil or deionized water will be required. Even elimination of ferromagnetic material (air-core cavities) is a possibility. This makes the devices cheaper, smaller, and lighter than the devices presently utilized which are based on conventional pulsed power technology architecture. We envisage a factor of 3 reduction in size and cost. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mazarakis, MG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 587 EP 590 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000129 ER PT B AU Goerz, D Ferriera, T Nelson, D Speer, R Wilson, M AF Goerz, D Ferriera, T Nelson, D Speer, R Wilson, M BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI An ultra-compact Marx-type high-voltage generator SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB This paper discusses the design of an ultra-compact, Marx-type, high-voltage generator. This system incorporates high-performance components that are closely coupled and integrated into an extremely compact assembly. Low profile, custom ceramic capacitors with coplanar extended electrodes provide primary energy storage. Low-inductance, spark-gap switches incorporate miniature gas cavities imbedded within the central region of the annular shaped capacitors, with very thin dielectric sections separating the energy storage capacitors. Carefully shaped electrodes and insulator surfaces are used throughout to minimize field enhancements, reduce fields at triple-point regions, and enable operation at stress levels closer to the intrinsic breakdown limits of the dielectric materials. Specially shaped resistors and inductors are used for charging and isolation during operation. Forward-coupling ceramic capacitors are connected across successive switch-capacitor-switch stages to assist in switching. Pressurized SF, gas is used for electrical insulation in the spark-gap switches and throughout the unit. The pressure housing is constructed entirely of dielectric materials, with segments that interlock with the low-profile switch bodies to provide an integrated support structure for all of the components. This ultra-compact Marx generator employs a modular design that can be sized as needed for a particular application. Units have been assembled with 4, 10, and 30 stages and operated at levels up to 100 kV per stage. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Goerz, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-153, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 628 EP 631 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000139 ER PT B AU Cook, EG Lee, BS Hawkins, SA Anaya, EM Allen, FV Hickman, BC Sullivan, JS AF Cook, EG Lee, BS Hawkins, SA Anaya, EM Allen, FV Hickman, BC Sullivan, JS BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Solid-state kicker pulser for DARHT-2 SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB To replace a hard tube design, a solid-state kicker pulser for the Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test facility (DARHT-2) has been designed and tested. This kicker modulator uses multiple solid-state modules stacked in an inductive-adder configuration where the energy is switched into each section of the adder by a parallel array of MOSFETs. The modulator features very fast rise and fall times, pulse width agility and a high pulse-repetition rate in burst mode. The modulator can drive a 50Omega load with voltages up to 20 kV and can be easily configured for either positive or negative polarity. The presentation will include test and operational data. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cook, EG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 632 EP 635 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000140 ER PT B AU Savage, ME Seidel, DB Mendel, CW AF Savage, ME Seidel, DB Mendel, CW BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Demonstrated command-triggering of a plasma opening switch SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm DE inductive energy storage; magnetic insulation; plasma applications; pulse compression methods; modeling AB The addition of command triggering to the high energy density of inductive energy storage could have applications to very precisely synchronized pulsers or multi-module drivers. This paper describes an experiment to test the concept of command triggering, and to measure the trigger energy required under well-defined conditions. The opening switch reliably triggers over a wide range- the storage inductor quarter-cycle time. Results from the pulsed power testing, calculations of the magnetic field in the plasma acceleration region, and results from the initial experiments with the triggered stage will be shown here. Initial experiments demonstrate triggering over a range of a factor of 16 difference in conducted charge. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Savage, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 648 EP 652 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000144 ER PT B AU Tasker, DG Goforth, JH King, JC Martinez, EC Oona, H Sena, FC Reisman, DB Cauble, RC Cauble, RC AF Tasker, DG Goforth, JH King, JC Martinez, EC Oona, H Sena, FC Reisman, DB Cauble, RC Cauble, RC BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Isentropic compression of metals, at multi-megabar pressures, using high explosive pulsed power SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Accurate, ultra-high pressure isentropic equation of state (EOS) data, are required for a variety of applications and materials. Asay [1] reported a new method to obtain these data using pulsed magnetic loading on the Sandia Z-machine. Fast rising current pulses (risetimes from 100 to 300 ns) at current densities exceeding many MA/cm, create continuous magnetic loading up to a few Mbar. As part of a collaborative effort between the Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories we are adapting our high explosive pulsed power (HEPP) methods to obtain isentropic EOS data with the Asay technique. This year we plan to obtain isentropic EOS data for copper and tantalum at pressures up to similar to2 Mbar; eventually we hope to reach several tens of Mbar. We will describe the design of the HEPP systems and show out attempts to obtain EOS data to date. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tasker, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 669 EP 672 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000149 ER PT B AU Gates, DA Bell, MG Belle, RE Bialek, J Bigelow, T Bitter, M Bonoli, P Darrow, D Efthimion, P Ferron, J Fredrickson, E Grisham, L Hosea, J Johnson, D Kaita, R Kaye, S Kubota, S Kugel, H LeBlanc, B Maingi, R Manickam, J Mau, TK Maqueda, RJ Mazzucato, E Menard, J Mueller, D Nelson, B Nishino, N Ono, M Paoletti, F Paul, S Peng, YKM Phillips, CK Raman, R Ryan, P Sabbagh, SA Schaffer, M Skinner, CH Stutman, D Swain, D Synakowski, E Takase, Y Wilgen, J Wilson, JR Zhu, W Zweben, S Bers, A Carter, M Deng, B Domier, C Doyle, E Finkenthal, M Hill, K Jarboe, T Jardin, S Ji, H Lao, L Lee, KC Luhmann, N Majeski, R Park, H Peebles, T Pinsker, R Porter, G Ram, A Rensink, M Rognlien, T Stotler, D Stratton, B Taylor, G Wampler, W Wurden, GA Xu, XQ Zeng, L Team, NSTX AF Gates, DA Bell, MG Belle, RE Bialek, J Bigelow, T Bitter, M Bonoli, P Darrow, D Efthimion, P Ferron, J Fredrickson, E Grisham, L Hosea, J Johnson, D Kaita, R Kaye, S Kubota, S Kugel, H LeBlanc, B Maingi, R Manickam, J Mau, TK Maqueda, RJ Mazzucato, E Menard, J Mueller, D Nelson, B Nishino, N Ono, M Paoletti, F Paul, S Peng, YKM Phillips, CK Raman, R Ryan, P Sabbagh, SA Schaffer, M Skinner, CH Stutman, D Swain, D Synakowski, E Takase, Y Wilgen, J Wilson, JR Zhu, W Zweben, S Bers, A Carter, M Deng, B Domier, C Doyle, E Finkenthal, M Hill, K Jarboe, T Jardin, S Ji, H Lao, L Lee, KC Luhmann, N Majeski, R Park, H Peebles, T Pinsker, R Porter, G Ram, A Rensink, M Rognlien, T Stotler, D Stratton, B Taylor, G Wampler, W Wurden, GA Xu, XQ Zeng, L Team, NSTX BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI High performance plasmas on the National Spherical Ttorus Experiment SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm ID HELICITY INJECTION; TOKAMAK; START; BETA AB The National Spherical Torus Experiment has produced toroidal plasmas at low aspect ratio (A = R/a = 0.86m/0.68m similar to 1.3, where R is the major radius and a is the minor radius of the torus) with plasma currents of 1.4MA. The rapid development of the machine has led to very exciting physics results during the first full year of physics operation. Pulse lengths in excess of 0.5s have been obtained with inductive current drive. Up to 4MW of High Harmonic Fast Wave (HHFW) heating power has been applied with 6MW planned. Using only 2MW of HHFW heating power clear evidence of electron heating is sden with HHFW, as observed by the multi point Thomson scattering diagnostic. A non-inductive current drive concept known as Coaxial Helicity Injection (CHI) has driven 260kA of toroidal current. Neutral beam heating power of 5MW has been injected. Plasmas with beta(t) (=2mu(0)

/B-2 = a measure of magnetic confinement efficiency) of 22% have been achieved, as calculated using the EFIT equilibrium reconstruction code. beta limiting phenomena have been observed, and the maximum beta, scales with I-p/aB(t). High frequency (>MHz) magnetic fluctuations have been observed. H-mode plasmas are observed with confinement times of > 100ms. Beam heated plasmas show energy confinement times in excess of those predicted by empirical scaling expressions. Ion temperatures in excess of 2.0keV have been measured, and power balance suggests that the power loss from the ions to the electrons may exceed the calculated classical input power to the ions. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gates, DA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718; Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 677 EP 681 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000151 ER PT B AU Haill, TA Brunner, TA Budge, KG Desjarlais, MP Garasi, CJ Lawrence, RJ Lemke, RW Mehlhorn, TA Robinson, AC Cochrane, K AF Haill, TA Brunner, TA Budge, KG Desjarlais, MP Garasi, CJ Lawrence, RJ Lemke, RW Mehlhorn, TA Robinson, AC Cochrane, K BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Multi-dimensional Z-pinch calculations with alegra SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB ALEGRA is one of the principal computer codes being used at Sandia National Laboratories for simulating the dynamic material response of complex configurations. It solves coupled physics problems in two or three spatial dimensions using Lagrangian, Eulerian, and/or ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) coordinates [1]. The code runs on massively parallel computers, and contains a large variety of physics options including hydrodynamics, MHD with external circuit coupling, radiation transport, thermal conduction, and dual ion and electron temperatures. Applications simulated to-date include exploding Z-pinch wires, imploding Z-pinch plasma sheaths and wire arrays, isentropic compression and flyer plate experiments, radiation-driven jetting experiments, and debris effects on partitioned pipes. We present several calculations performed with the MHD, radiation, and coupled-physics modeling capabilities available within the ALEGRA framework [2,3]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haill, TA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 765 EP 768 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000174 ER PT B AU Idzorek, GC Chrien, RE Peterson, DL Watt, RG Chandler, GA Fehl, DL Sanford, TWL AF Idzorek, GC Chrien, RE Peterson, DL Watt, RG Chandler, GA Fehl, DL Sanford, TWL BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Spectral output of Z-machine implosions SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm ID HOHLRAUMS AB Sandia National Laboratories Z-machine has developed into a reproducible, high power (>200 TW), high temperature (>200 eV) driver for radiation physics experiments. Imploding cylindrical wire arrays on the Z-machine produce a radiation source with a bolometric temperature of about 200 eV. By surrounding the z-pinch implosion with a vacuum hohlraum a nearly Planckian source of about 140 eV temperature is created with peak radiation powers of about 200 terawatts and integrated energy of 2 megajoules or more. In this energy rich environment we can field a dozen experiments all being driven by an identical source. In addition to 'standard' vacuum hohlraums we also use dynamic hohlraums consisting of two nested wire arrays converging onto an axially centered foam cylinder. Radiation flowing from the ends on the cylinder indicates a Planckian source temperature well over 200 eV. Only two experiments can be fielded on a dynamic hohlraum (one on each end) but the higher source temperature justifies the added complexity of the set-up. We routinely use arrays of filtered silicon photodiodes (SiD) and filtered photocathode x-ray diodes (XRD) to determine the temperature of the source. Three different techniques for unfolding spectra from the XRD and SiD detector data are being used. They are: 1) Treat each detector independently and find the Planckian temperature for a given source size and solid angle that would give the measured detector signal, 2) Use all detector signals and detector spectral responses simultaneously and find a spectrum that best fits the observed data, 3) Use all detector signals and averaged detector spectral responses and find a histogram spectrum that best fits the observed data. When used as complementary set of analysis tools these techniques generate remarkably consistent results showing nearly Planckian behavior on our vacuum hohlraum experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Idzorek, GC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 777 EP 780 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000177 ER PT B AU Rosenthal, SE Desjarlais, MP Cochrane, KR AF Rosenthal, SE Desjarlais, MP Cochrane, KR BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Equation of state and electron transport effects in exploding wire evolution SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION; PLASMAS; METALS AB Accurate MHD modeling of a single exploding AI wire is a prerequisite to being able to model a wire array. We have compared our simulation results to the high-quality laboratory measurements from exploding-wire experiments recently done at Cornell University. Exploding wire simulations have identified regions where our transport models must be most accurate. Improvements we have made in these regions (e.g., solid density, near melt, and the metal-insulator transition) have proven to be critical for achieving accurate simulations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rosenthal, SE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 8500,Mail Stop, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM serosen@sandia.gov; mpdesja@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 781 EP 784 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000178 ER PT B AU Sandoval, JS Idzorek, GC Ortega, D AF Sandoval, JS Idzorek, GC Ortega, D BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Fiber optic diagnostics for Z-experiments SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Quartz optical fiber provides an inexpensive, compact, radiation resistant, electrical noise immune shock diagnostic for our experiments on the Sandia National Laboratories Z-machine. The fiber end is positioned against a thin (10-30 micron thick) gold wall separating the fiber from the Z-machine radiation pulse. The radiation driven shock travels through the wall, striking the fiber and heating it to luminescent condition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sandoval, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 785 EP 787 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000179 ER PT B AU Bourkland, K Jensen, C Tinsley, D Markel, W AF Bourkland, K Jensen, C Tinsley, D Markel, W BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI High current pulse striplines SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB There are two different horn systems under construction at Fermilab for neutrino beamlines. The NuMI project requires a power supply that operates at 970 V, 205 kA, 2.6 ms, and 0.53 pps. The MiniBooNE project requires a power supply that operates at 5.5 kV, 170 kA, 140 mus and 5 pps. Both require long low inductance connections between the power supply and horn; 60 feet for MiniBooNE and 230 feet for NuMI. This paper discusses several electrical and mechanical design requirements that have been overcome. These include low impedance, radiation hardness, voltage holdoff, clamping for electrical and mechanical connections and humidity and dust control. Measurements of the inductance of the striplines and voltage holdoff will be compared to calculations. The results of some tests will be discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bourkland, K (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 800 EP 803 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000183 ER PT B AU Lindemuth, IR Atchison, WL Faehl, RJ Goforth, JH Tasker, DG AF Lindemuth, IR Atchison, WL Faehl, RJ Goforth, JH Tasker, DG BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Improved modeling of electrically exploded fuse opening switches in flux compression generator experiments SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB In previously reported computational studies of fuse opening switches and other exploding metallic foils, apparent inaccuracies in the constitutive relations for the fuse material limited the accuracy of the modeling. In this paper, we use recently developed constitutive property models to re-examine experiments that used flux compression generators to deliver 25-35 MA to a copper fuse. Based upon this preliminary study, it is difficult to conclude that the newly developed models offer substantial improvement. For some considerations, models developed more than 15 years ago remain the most accurate. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lindemuth, IR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 909 EP 912 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000187 ER PT B AU Seidel, DB Plimpton, SJ Pasik, MF Coats, RS Montry, GR AF Seidel, DB Plimpton, SJ Pasik, MF Coats, RS Montry, GR BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Dynamic load-balancing for a parallel electromagnetic particle-in-cell code SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB QUICKSILVER is a 3-D electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation code developed and used at Sandia to model relativistic charged particle transport [1]. It was originally written for shared-memory, multi-processor supercomputers such as the Cray X/MP. A new parallel version of QUICKSILVER has been developed [2] to enable large-scale simulations to be efficiently run on massively-parallel distributed memory supercomputers with thousands of processors, such as the DOE ASCI (Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative) platforms. The new parallel code implements all features of the original QUICKSILVER and runs on any platform that supports the message-passing interface (MPI) standard [3] as well as on single-processor workstations. The original QUICKSILVER code was based on a multiple-block grid, which provided a natural strategy for extending the code to partition a simulation among multiple processors. By adding the automated capability to divide QUICKSILVER's existing blocks into subblocks and then distribute those sub-blocks among processors, a simulation's spatial domain can be easily and efficiently partitioned. Based upon this partitioning scheme as well as QUICKSILVER's existing particle-handling infrastructure, an efficient algorithm has been developed for dynamically rebalancing the particle workload on a timestep-by-timestep. This paper will elaborate on the strategies used and describe the algorithms developed to parallelize and dynamically load-balance the code. Results of several benchmark simulations will be presented that illustrate the code's performance and parallel efficiency for a wide variety of simulation conditions. These calculations have as many as 108 grid cells and 109 particles and were run on thousands of processors. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Seidel, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1000 EP 1003 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000213 ER PT B AU Rovang, DC Simpson, WW Ruggles, LE Porter, JL AF Rovang, DC Simpson, WW Ruggles, LE Porter, JL BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI An electromagnetic fast shutter system for debris mitigation on Z SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB We have developed an electromagnetically driven fast shutter for purposes of debris mitigation on Z. This shutter was developed to prevent debris generated by the z-pinch implosion from damaging an x-ray imaging system used with the Z backlighter systems. The shutter uses a capacitor-driven pulsed electromagnet to accelerate an aluminum tube across the 24-mm diameter line of sight, completely closing the line of sight 185 microseconds after the z-pinch implosion. After the shutter closes the line of sight, a tapered high-strength steel catcher slows the shutter to a stop and locks the shutter in a position covering the line of sight. The design, operation, and limitations of the shutter system are described. Concepts for faster, more efficient electromagnetic shutter systems are also discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rovang, DC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1012 EP 1015 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000216 ER PT B AU Lee, B AF Lee, B BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Fiber optic oscilloscope probe SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB In the recent development of high voltage solid state pulsed power systems, the ability to monitor low voltage signals in a high voltage environment has been a problem. The amplitude of any ground bounce from the high voltage pulse can make the interpretation of low voltage diagnostic signals difficult with industry standard probes. The paper explains the development of a fiber optic voltage probe for the oscilloscope. Included are explanations of the probe's design, fabrication, limitations, and performance when compared with standard probes in a high voltage pulsed power environment. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1016 EP 1019 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000217 ER PT B AU Fulkerson, ES Hammon, J AF Fulkerson, ES Hammon, J BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI A new technique for troubleshooting large capacitive energy storage banks SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Many pulse power systems rely on large numbers of inductively isolated high voltage capacitors configured in parallel for energy storage. Often when an energy storage capacitor fails there is little or no external indication. Identifying the failed component can be a time consuming and potentially hazardous operation. We have developed a new non-invasive (i.e. no dismantling of the bank is required) technique that greatly improves personnel safety as well reducing troubleshooting time. We present the theory of operation, a complete description of the battery-powered hardware, test results and techniques of operation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fulkerson, ES (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1024 EP 1026 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000219 ER PT B AU Nguyen, MN Cassel, RL deLamare, JE Pappas, GC AF Nguyen, MN Cassel, RL deLamare, JE Pappas, GC BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Gate drive for high speed, high power IGBTs SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB A new gate drive for high-voltage, high-power IGBTs has been developed for the SLAC NLC (Next Linear Collider) Solid State Induction Modulator [1]. This paper describes the design and implementation of a driver that allows an IGBT module rated at 800A/3300V to switch up to 3000A at 2200V in 3 6muS with a rate of current rise of more than 10000A/muS, while still being short circuit protected. Issues regarding fast turn on, high de-saturation voltage detection, and low short circuit peak current will be presented. A novel approach is also used to counter the effect of unequal current sharing between parallel chips inside most high-power IGBT modules. It effectively reduces the collector-emitter peak current and thus protects the IGBT from being destroyed during soft short circuit conditions at high di/dt. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Nguyen, MN (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349,M-S 49, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1039 EP 1042 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000223 ER PT B AU Hickman, B Cook, E AF Hickman, B Cook, E BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Evaluation of MOSFETs and IGBTs for pulsed power applications SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Single solid-state devices or arrays of solid-state devices are being incorporated into many pulsed power applications as a means of generating fast, high-power, high repetition-rate pulses and ultimately replacing hard tubes and thyratrons. While vendors' data sheets provide a starting point for selecting solid-state devices, most data sheets do not have sufficient information to determine performance in a pulsed application. To obtain this relevant information, MOSFET's and IGBT's from a number of vendors have been tested to determine rise times, fall times and current handling capabilities. The emphasis is on the evaluation of devices that can perform in the range of 100ns pulse widths and the test devices must be capable of switching 1000 volts or greater at a pulsed current of at least 25 amperes. Additionally, some devices were retested with a series magnetic switch to evaluate the effects on switching parameters and specifically rise times. All devices were evaluated under identical conditions and the complete test results are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hickman, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,Mail Stop L-645, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1047 EP 1050 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000225 ER PT B AU de Lamare, JE Cassel, RL Nguyen, MN Pappas, GC Donaldson, AR AF de Lamare, JE Cassel, RL Nguyen, MN Pappas, GC Donaldson, AR BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Solid state modulator for driving SLAC 5045 klystrons SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB A test is ongoing at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) where a solid state induction modulator is driving a SLAC 5045 klystron. The modulator generates 22 kV, 6 kA pulses that are stepped up by a 15:1 transformer that is a part of the klystron's pulse tank. The modulator's pulse duration is adjustable up to the volt-second limit of its cores, and it is capable of a pulse repetition frequency up to 120 Hz. The modulator's design, construction, and experimental results are the focus of this paper. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP de Lamare, JE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1276 EP 1279 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000283 ER PT B AU Lindemuth, IR Atchison, WL Faehl, RJ Reinovsky, RE AF Lindemuth, IR Atchison, WL Faehl, RJ Reinovsky, RE BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI The magnetically driven imploding liner parameter space of the Atlas capacitor bank SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The Atlas capacitor bank (23 MJ, 30 MA, 240 kV) is now operational at Los Alamos. Atlas was designed to magnetically drive imploding liners for use as impactors in shock and hydrodynamic experiments. We have conducted a computational "mapping" of the high-performance imploding liner parameter space accessible with Atlas. The effect of charge voltage, transmission inductance, liner thickness, liner initial radius, and liner length, as well as other parameters, has been investigated. Our study shows that Atlas is ideally suited to be a liner driver for liner-on-plasma experiments in a Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) context. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lindemuth, IR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1386 EP 1389 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000312 ER PT B AU Clark, DA Anderson, BG Rodriguez, G Stokes, JL Tabaka, LJ AF Clark, DA Anderson, BG Rodriguez, G Stokes, JL Tabaka, LJ BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Liner velocity, current, and symmetry measurements on the 32 megamp flux compression generator experiment alt-1 SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB A flux compression generator pulse power system, designed, built, and fielded by a Russian team at the All Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF), was used to successfully drive an aluminum liner to velocities greater than 12 km/sec. The experiment objective was to demonstrate performance of a precision liner implosion at an Atlas current of 30 MA or greater. Diagnostics to measure liner performance were an essential part of the experiment. An experimental team from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) provided a suite of diagnostics to measure liner performance. Three diagnostics were fielded: 1. A velocity interferometer (VISAR) to continuously measure the liner inner-surface velocity throughout the entire range of travel, 2. Two Faraday rotation devices to measure liner current during the implosion, and, 3. Sixteen fiber optic impact pins to record liner impact time and provide axial and azimuthal symmetry information. All diagnostics performed very well. Major results are maximum current: 323 MA, velocity at impact: greater than 12 km/sec, symmetry: the impact pins indicated that the liner was smooth, solid, and axially symmetric upon arrival at the diagnostic package. The LANL team fabricated, installed, and recorded the three diagnostics presented here. All necessary equipment was brought to the site in Russia. The VNIIEF team fielded other diagnostics to measure machine performance. Results of machine diagnostics are reported in other presentations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Clark, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D410, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1390 EP 1393 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000313 ER PT B AU Salazar, MA Armijo, E Anderson, W Atchison, W Bartos, J Garcia, F Randolph, B Sheppard, MG Stokes, J AF Salazar, MA Armijo, E Anderson, W Atchison, W Bartos, J Garcia, F Randolph, B Sheppard, MG Stokes, J BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Liquid butane filled load for a liner driven pegasus experiment SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB A hydrogen rich, low density liquid, contained within the internal volume of a cylindrical liner, was requested of the Polymers and Coatings Group (MST-7) of the Los Alamos Materials Science Division for one of the last liner driven experiments conducted on the Los Alamos Pegasus facility. The experiment (Fig.1) was a continuation of the Raleigh-Taylor hydrodynamics series of experiments and associated liners that have been described previously [1,2]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Salazar, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E-549,LA-UR-10-3226, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1406 EP 1409 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000317 ER PT B AU Kanzleiter, R Atchison, W Bowers, R Gittings, M Guzik, J Oro, D Roberts, J Rodriguez, G Stokes, J Turchi, P Coffey, S Degnan, J Kiuttu, G AF Kanzleiter, R Atchison, W Bowers, R Gittings, M Guzik, J Oro, D Roberts, J Rodriguez, G Stokes, J Turchi, P Coffey, S Degnan, J Kiuttu, G BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Using pulsed power for hydrodynamic code validation SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB As part of ongoing hydrodynamic code validation efforts, a series of Near Term Liner Experiments (NTLX) was designed for the Shiva Star capacitor bank at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). A cylindrical aluminum liner that is magnetically imploded onto a central target by self-induced radial Lorentz forces drove the experiments. The behavior of the target was simulated using the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) Eulerian hydrodynamics code RAGE in 2- and 3-D. One-dimensional simulations of the liner driver utilizing the RAVEN MHD code were used to predict the liner density and temperature profiles as well as the velocity at impact time. At liner/target impact, a convergent shock is generated that drives subsequent hydrodynamics experiments. In concentric targets, cylindrically symmetric shocks will converge on axis. This characterizes the symmetry of the liner driver. By shifting the target center away from the liner symmetry axis, material dependencies in the shock propagation velocity generate off-center shock convergence. Both codes show excellent agreement over the majority of the shock and interface trajectories. However, a small but significant discrepancy between codes does occur during the last few millimeters of run in when convergence effects are greatest. Comparisons with experimental data show similar shock velocities being measured. However, the simulated shock arrives at a given trajectory location nearly 100 ns earlier than experimentally measured. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kanzleiter, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B-220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1410 EP 1413 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000318 ER PT B AU Sebring, R Anderson, W Bartos, J Garcia, F Randolph, B Salazar, M Edwards, J AF Sebring, R Anderson, W Bartos, J Garcia, F Randolph, B Salazar, M Edwards, J BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Non-contact optical three dimensional liner metrology SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB We optically captured the "as-built" liner geometry of NTLX (near term liner experiments) for Shiva Star using ultra-precision ranging lasers. We subsequently verified the resulting digitized geometry against the 3D CAD model of the part. The results confirmed that the Liner contours are within designed tolerances but revealed subtle fabrication artifacts that would typically go undetected. These features included centimeters long waviness and saddle and bulge regions of I micron or less in magnitude. The laser technology typically provided 10 micron spatial resolution with 12 nanometer ranging precision. Atlas liners in the future may have to be diamond turned and will have the centimeter wavelength and 100 angstrom amplitude requirements. The advantages of using laser technology are 1) it avoids surface damage that may occur with conventional contact probes and 2) dramatically improves spatial resolution over CMM, capacitance and inductance type probes. Our work is the result of a perceived future need to develop precision, non-contact, liner inspection techniques to verify geometry, characterize machining artifacts and map wall thickness on delicate diamond turned surfaces. Capturing "as-built" geometry in a non-contact way coupled with part-to-CAD verification software tools creates a new metrology competency for MST-7. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sebring, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-7,POB 1663,MS E-549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1414 EP 1417 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000319 ER PT B AU Anderson, W Adams, C Armijo, E Bartos, J Cameron, B Garcia, F Henneke, B Randolph, B Salazar, MA Sandoval, D Steckle, W Turchi, PJ Gale, D AF Anderson, W Adams, C Armijo, E Bartos, J Cameron, B Garcia, F Henneke, B Randolph, B Salazar, MA Sandoval, D Steckle, W Turchi, PJ Gale, D BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI A proposed atlas liner design fabricated for hydrodynamic experiments on Shiva Star SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB An entirely new cylindrical liner system has been designed and fabricated for use on the Shiva Star capacitor bank. The design incorporates features expected to be applicable to a future power flow channel of the Atlas capacitor bank with the intention of keeping any required liner design modifications to a minimum when the power flow channel at Atlas is available. Four shots were successfully conducted at Shiva Star that continued a series of hydrodynamics physics experiments started on the Los Alamos Pegasus capacitor bank. Departures from the diagnostic suite that had previously been used at Pegasus required new techniques in the fabrication of the experiment insert package. We describe new fabrication procedures that were developed by the Polymers and Coatings Group (MST-7) of the Los Alamos Materials Science Division to fabricate the Shiva Star experiment loads. Continuing MST-7 development of interference fit processes for liner experiment applications, current joints at the glide planes were assembled by thermal shrink fit using liquid nitrogen as a coolant [1]. The liner material was low strength, high conductance I 100 series aluminum. The liner glide plane electrodes were machined from full hard copper rod with a 10degrees ramp to maintain liner to glide plane contact as the liner was imploded. The parts were fabricated with 0.015 mm radial interference fit between the liner inside diameter (ID) and the glide plane outside diameter (OD). to form the static liner current joints. The liner was assembled with some axial clearance at each end to allow slippage if any axial force was generated as the liner assembly cassette was bolted into Shiva Star, a precaution to guard against buckling the liner during installation of the load cassette. Other unique or unusual processes were developed and are described. Minor adaptations of the liner design are now being fabricated for first Atlas experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SAIC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Anderson, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E-549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1418 EP 1421 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000320 ER PT B AU Ballard, EO Cochrane, JC Davis, HA Nielsen, KE Parker, JV Parsons, WM AF Ballard, EO Cochrane, JC Davis, HA Nielsen, KE Parker, JV Parsons, WM BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Atlas facility fabrication and assembly SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Atlas is a pulsed-power facility recently completed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to drive hydrodynamic experiments. This new generation pulsed-power machine consists of a radial array of 24, 240-kV Marx modules and transmission lines supplying current to the load region at the machine center. The transmission lines, powered by the Marx modules, consist of cable headers, load protection switches and tri-plates interfacing to the center transition section through detachable current joints. A conical power-flow-channel attaches to the transition section providing an elevated interface to attach the experimental loads for diagnostic access. Fabrication and assembly of all components for the Atlas machine was completed in August 2000. The machine has also progressed through a test phase where the Marx module/transmission line units were fired, individually, into a test load. Progression continued with eight and sixteen lines being fired. Subsequently, an overall machine test was conducted where all 24 transmission lines were fired simultaneously, delivering 28.6 MA into the test load. The machine assembly went smoothly with very few problem areas developing during all phases of installation of the structure, oil tanks, transmission lines and center transition section. The target chamber and vacuum system have also been installed. All components are performing as designed at the voltage and current levels expected at this point in the diagnostic testing. The machine was designed, fabricated, assembled and tested within the original budget and on schedule and is meeting the specified performance goals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ballard, EO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1495 EP 1498 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000341 ER PT B AU Cochrane, JC Parker, JV Hinckley, WB Hosack, KW Mills, D Parsons, WM Scudder, DW Stokes, J Tabaka, L Thompson, MC Wysocki, FJ Campbell, TN Lancaster, DL Tom, CY AF Cochrane, JC Parker, JV Hinckley, WB Hosack, KW Mills, D Parsons, WM Scudder, DW Stokes, J Tabaka, L Thompson, MC Wysocki, FJ Campbell, TN Lancaster, DL Tom, CY BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Atlas acceptance test SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The acceptance test program for Atlas, a 23 MJ pulsed power facility for use in the Los Alamos High Energy Density Hydrodynamics program, has been completed. Completion of this program officially releases Atlas from the construction phase and readies it for experiments. Details of the acceptance test program results and of machine capabilities for experiments will be presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Cochrane, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1509 EP 1511 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000345 ER PT B AU Fulkerson, ES Newton, M Hulsey, S Hammon, J Moore, WBS AF Fulkerson, ES Newton, M Hulsey, S Hammon, J Moore, WBS BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI NIF power conditioning system testing at LLNL SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB A fully integrated test facility for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) Power Conditioning System (PCS) was completed in August of 2000 at LLNL. The system consists of the computer control and data acquisition subsystem, a 24kV 2.2-MJ Main Energy Storage Module (MESM), Twenty 180ft lengths of high voltage transmission cable, and a standard NIF flashlamp load (the Frame Assembly Unit or FAU). The MESM can contain up to 24 (20 nominal) 300uF energy storage capacitors. Stainless steel inductive/resistive (9uh/0.026 ohms) damping elements limit fault currents in the event of a capacitor or main bus failure. A single spark-gap switches the entire bank output through ballast inductors to the output cables. Each cable has it own ballast inductor to insure current sharing, the values of the inductors are varied with cable length. The test facility can be fired once every ten minutes with a total peak output current of 580kA at pulse width of 400us, We will present in detail tests performed to demonstrate that the system meets all specifications for operational performance well as statistical data verifying stability and reliability. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fulkerson, ES (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1524 EP 1527 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000349 ER PT B AU Wang, L Caporaso, GJ Cook, EG AF Wang, L Caporaso, GJ Cook, EG BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Modeling of an inductive adder kicker pulser for a proton radiography system SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB An all solid-state kicker pulser for a proton radiography system has been designed. Multiple solid-state modulators stacked in an inductive-adder configuration are utilized in this kicker pulser design. Each modulator is composed of multiple metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) which quickly switch the energy storage capacitors across a magnetic induction core. Metglas is used as the core material to minimize loss. Voltage from each modulator is inductively added by a voltage-summing stalk. A circuit model of a prototype inductive adder kicker pulser modulator has been developed to predict the performance of the pulser modulator. The modeling results are compared with experimental data. C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), LLNL, L-645, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1579 EP 1582 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000363 ER PT B AU Sheehey, PT Faehl, RJ Kirkpatrick, RC Lindemuth, IR AF Sheehey, PT Faehl, RJ Kirkpatrick, RC Lindemuth, IR BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI MHD modeling of magnetized target fusion experiments SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm ID PLASMA; PINCH AB Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) is an alternate approach to controlled fusion in which a dense (O(10(17-18) cm(-3))), preheated (O(200 eV)), and magnetized (O(100 kG)) target plasma is hydrodynamically compressed by an imploding liner. If electron thermal conduction losses are magnetically suppressed, relatively slow O(1 cm/microsecond) "liner-on-plasma" compressions may be practical, using liners driven by inexpensive electrical pulsed power. Target plasmas need to remain relatively free of potentially cooling contaminants during formation and compression. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations including detailed effects of radiation, heat conduction, and resistive field diffusion have been used to model separate target plasma (Russian MAGO, Field Reversed Configuration at Los Alamos National Laboratory) and liner implosion experiments (without plasma fill), such as recently performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (Albuquerque). Using several different codes, proposed experiments in which such liners are used to compress such target plasmas are now being modeled in one and two dimensions. In this way, it is possible to begin to investigate important issues for the design of such proposed liner-on-plasma fusion experiments. The competing processes of implosion, heating, mixing, and cooling will determine the potential for such MTF experiments to achieve fusion conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sheehey, PT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1603 EP 1606 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000369 ER PT B AU Vermare, C Davis, HA Hughes, TP Moir, DC Olson, RT Wood, WM AF Vermare, C Davis, HA Hughes, TP Moir, DC Olson, RT Wood, WM BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Intense electron beam disruption due to ion release from surfaces SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm ID TARGET; SPOT AB A major concern for the DARHT second axis (2 kA, 18.6 MeV, 2000 ns) is that ions or ionized neutrals released from solid surfaces (e.g., apertures, septum, dumps, and targets) by beam impact can be accelerated and trapped by the beam potential. This positive charge will be electrically attracted to the beam and could disrupt it. To study this, experiments were performed on the DARHT first axis. Here, the beam, focused to a range of diameters, is transmitted through thin foils made of various materials. The time-dependent beam radial profile is measured downstream of the target. For low current density (depending on the material used), the downstream-beam profile is time invariant as expected. At higher current density, the downstream-beam radius changes during the pulse followed by transverse instability. Data, particle-in-cell simulations, and comparisons are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Vermare, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LA-UR-013220, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1685 EP 1688 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000390 ER PT B AU Bartsch, RR Ekdahl, C Eylon, S Rose, E Custer, D Ridlon, R AF Bartsch, RR Ekdahl, C Eylon, S Rose, E Custer, D Ridlon, R BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Beam emittance diagnostic for the DARHT second axis injector SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Low beam emittance is key to achieving the required spot size at the output focus of the DARHT Second Axis. The nominal electron beam parameters at the output of the injector are 2 kA, 4.6 MeV, 2-microsecond pulse width and an rms radius less than 1 cm. Emittance is measured by bringing the beam to a focus in which the emittance is a dominant influence in determining the spot size. The spot size is measured from Cerenkov or optical transition radiation (OTR) generated from a target intercepted by the beam. The current density in the focused DARHT beam would melt this target in less than 1/2 microsec. To prevent this we have designed a DC magnetic transport system that defocuses the beam on the emittance target to prevent overheating, and uses a 125-ns half period pulsed solenoid to selectively focus the beam for short times during the beam pulse. During the development of the fast-focusing portion of this diagnostic it has been determined that the focusing pulse must rapidly sweep through the focus at the target to an over-focused condition to avoid target damage due to overheating. The fast focus produces similar to1 kilogauss field over an effective length of similar to50 cm to bring the beam to a focus on the target. The fast focus field is generated with a 12-turn coil located inside the beam-transport vacuum chamber with the entire fast coil structure within the bore of a D.C. magnet. The pulsed coil diameter of similar to15 cm is dictated by the return current path at the nominal vacuum wall. Since the drive system is to use 40 kV to 50 kV technology and much of the inductance is in the drive and feed circuit, the coil design has three 120 degree segments. The coil, driver and feed system design, as well as beam envelope calculations and target heating calculations are presented below. Operation of the OTR imaging system will be discussed in separate publication (Ref. 1). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Bartsch, RR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1689 EP 1692 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000391 ER PT B AU Pointon, TD Stygar, WA AF Pointon, TD Stygar, WA BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI 3-D PIC Simulations of electron flow in the vacuum power flow section of the Z accelerator SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The Z accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories delivers current pulses rising up to similar to20 MA in similar to100 ns to the load [1]. Inside the insulator stack at r similar to 1.8 m, power flows along four radial, vacuum, magnetically-insulated transmission lines (MITLs) to the post-hole convolute at r similar to 10 cm [2]. The convolute adds the current in the four feed MITLs into the inner MITL, which delivers it to the load. The convolute is a critical area for the vacuum power flow, because it has magnetic field nulls, which could potentially result in large electron losses. The 3-D, electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) code QUICKSILVER [3] is being used to simulate the electron flow and losses on Z. ne simulation geometry accurately models the convolute and inner MITL up to the load, and the feed MITLs out to r similar to 22 cm. The simulations are driven with a time-accurate forward-going voltage waveform adapted from shot data. The Z-pinch load is modeled with a new boundary condition terminating a coaxial transmission line with a time-dependent inductor L(t). Current losses in the simulations agree very well with experiment early in the pulse. Late in time, the simulation losses are noticeably smaller. Potential sources for the discrepancy are considered. Several regions of the anode are very rapidly heated above temperatures at which desorption of neutral impurities is expected. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pointon, TD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 8500,MS 1194, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1696 EP 1699 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000393 ER PT B AU Rose, EA Dalmas, DA Downing, JN Temple, RD AF Rose, EA Dalmas, DA Downing, JN Temple, RD BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Testing pulse forming networks with DARHT accelerator cells SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrotest Facility [DARHT] at Los Alamos will use two induction linacs to produce high-energy electron beams. The electron beams will be used to generate x-rays from bremsstrahlung targets. The x-rays will be used to produce radiographs. The first accelerator is operational now, generating a 60-nanosecond electron beam. The second accelerator is under construction. It will generate a 2-microsecond electron beam. The 78 induction cells of the second axis accelerator will be driven by an equal number of pulse forming networks. Each pulse forming network [PFN] generates a nominal 200-kV, 2-microsecond pulse to drive an accelerator cell. Each pulse forming network consists of a set of four equal-capacitance sub-PFN's, stacked in a Marx configuration. The PFN Test Stand was configured to test newly constructed accelerator cells under conditions of full voltage and pulse duration. The PFN Test Stand also explored jitter, prefire and reliability issues for a pulse forming network operated into a purely resistive load. The PFN Test Stand provided experience operating a simple subsystem of the DARHT accelerator. This subsystem involved controls, diagnostics, data acquisition and archival, power supplies, trigger systems, core reset and a gas flow system for the spark gaps. Issues for the DARHT accelerator were investigated in this small-scale facility. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rose, EA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop P-939, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1700 EP 1703 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000394 ER PT B AU Rose, EA Dalmas, DA Downing, JN Temple, RD AF Rose, EA Dalmas, DA Downing, JN Temple, RD BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Testing Metglas for use in DARHT accelerator cells SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrotest Facility [DARHT] at Los Alamos will use two induction linacs to produce high-energy electron beams. The electron beams will be used to generate x-rays from bremsstrahlung targets. The x-rays will be used to produce radiographs. The first accelerator is operational now, producing a 60-nanosecond electron beam. The second accelerator is under construction. It will produce a 2-microsecond electron beam. The 78 induction cells of the second axis accelerator require a total Metglas capacity of approximately 40 volt seconds of flux. Four Metglas cores are used in each of the 5-foot diameter accelerator cells. Each Metglas core weighs approximately 3000 pounds. This paper presents the measurement techniques and results of the Metglas tests. Routine automated analysis and archival of the pulse data provided hysteresis curves, energy loss curves and total flux swing in the operating regime. Results of the tests were used to help the manufacturer improve quality control and increase the average flux swing of the cores. Results of the tests were used to match Metglas cores and to assemble accelerator cells with equal volt-second ratings. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rose, EA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop P-939, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1704 EP 1706 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000395 ER PT B AU Waldron, WL Lidia, SM Reginato, LL Houck, TL AF Waldron, WL Lidia, SM Reginato, LL Houck, TL BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI A proposed accelerator cell and pulsed power design for the prototype relativistic Klystron two-beam accelerator (RTA) SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The RTA is a prototype accelerator at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) which will be used to evaluate the feasibility of the Relativistic Klystron Two-Beam Accelerator (RKTBA) concept as an RF power source for the Next Linear Collider (NLC). The 1 MeV RTA injector is currently delivering a 600 A, 250 ns FWHM electron beam and there are plans to add accelerator cells in FY02. A proposed design of the accelerator cells and pulsed power system is presented. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Waldron, WL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-71J, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1707 EP 1710 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000396 ER PT B AU Corley, JP Dixon, MA Kim, AA Kovalchuk, BM Sinebryukhov, VA Volkov, SN Hodge, KC Drennan, SA Navarro, JM Johnson, DL Avrillaud, G Lassalle, F AF Corley, JP Dixon, MA Kim, AA Kovalchuk, BM Sinebryukhov, VA Volkov, SN Hodge, KC Drennan, SA Navarro, JM Johnson, DL Avrillaud, G Lassalle, F BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Tests of 6-MV triggered switches on APPRM at SNL SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The Advanced Pulsed Power Research Module (APPRM) was constructed at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) to serve as a test bed for the development of pulsed power technologies and components that could be used in future generation high power facilities. This test bed is presently being used to develop, test, and certify switches for reliable 6 MV operations. Several switches have been designed and tested on APPRM. The first switch tested (in self break mode) was an evolved version of the Sandia designed HERMES III switch [1]. It consists of a self breakdown (cascade) section where the discharge current flows in several parallel channels, and a trigger section where the current flows through a single spark channel. The second switch tested was an HCEI/Sandia Hybrid switch. The trigger section of the Hybrid switch, designed at High Current Electronics Institute (HCEI) in Tomsk, Russia, includes six HCEI composite electrodes connected in parallel to a triggered gap via a 4-muH series isolation inductor. The discharge cur-rent in the Hybrid switch trigger section flows in several parallel channels eliminating the single channel flow as in the Sandia switch trigger section. The last switch tested is a HCEI switch design where the trigger and cascade sections are comprised of HCEI composite electrodes. The design of the switches and results of these tests are presented as well as the analysis and comparison of results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Corley, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1778 EP 1781 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000414 ER PT B AU Oona, H Goforth, JH Tasker, DG King, JC Sena, FC Kiuttu, GF Cavazos, T AF Oona, H Goforth, JH Tasker, DG King, JC Sena, FC Kiuttu, GF Cavazos, T BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Studies of plastic insulators under shock conditions SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB As experiments done with explosively driven switches and magnetic flux compression generators become complex, the details become increasingly important. In most experiments the detonation of explosives is done through layers of material that include metal and plastic, which may retard the detonation, and at the same time the insulating materials must maintain their integrity at high voltages. We have initiated some small-scale experiments that use a few hundred grams of explosives to study effects on shocked materials. These studies look at effects on detonation through various materials as a function of their thickness, and will be compared with hydrodynamic computer modeling done with the MESA2D code. Another related series of experiments observed the voltage breakdown of insulators under shock conditions. In this set of experiments insulators made of polyethylene, Teflon and Mylar were placed between two electrodes and exposed to 120KV during a shock. The timing of the shock was determined from light produced at a flash gap. Photo-diodes coupled to optical fibers were used to transmit the signals to the diagnostic bunker. A Pearson probe was used to monitor the current at the insulator during the breakdown. The timing of the breakdown relative to the shock arrival time was recorded. The breakdown data as a function of materials and geometry are provided in this report. Also, these data are compared with computer simulations that may suggest material conditions at the time of insulator failure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oona, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1794 EP 1797 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000418 ER PT J AU Jokiel, B Ziegert, JC Bieg, L AF Jokiel, B Ziegert, JC Bieg, L TI Uncertainty propagation in calibration of parallel kinematic machines SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stewart platform; calibration; kinematic parameters; uncertainty ID STEWART AB This paper outlines in detail a method for determining the uncertainty present in the kinematic parameters (joint locations, initial strut lengths, and spindle location and orientation) for parallel kinematic devices after calibration. The uncertainty estimation method using Monte Carlo simulations was applied to a sequential method for determining the kinematic parameters of fully assembled Hexel Tornado 2000 (a 6-3 Stewart platform) milling machine. Results for the uncertainty present in the kinematic parameters of a Hexel Tornado 2000 milling machine after calibration using a SMX 4,000 laser tracker are shown. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Florida, Machine Tool Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jokiel, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 25 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0141-6359(00)00055-6 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 392JY UT WOS:000166409000006 ER PT B AU Teter, DF Mauro, ME Thoma, DJ AF Teter, DF Mauro, ME Thoma, DJ BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI A method for the prediction of the hydriding thermodynamics of ternary Pd-based alloys SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE palladium (Pd); rhodium (Rh); cobalt(Co); hydrogen (H); hydrides; thermodynamics ID HYDROGEN SOLUBILITY; ABSORPTION; CO AB A method has been developed to calculate the hydriding thermodynamics of ternary Pd-X-Y systems, where X and Y are substitutional alloying elements, by using the properties of the binary Pd-X and Pd-Y systems. Experimental data was collected on the Pd-Rh-Co system to test the validity of this method. Hydrogen pressure-composition isotherms of several binary Pd-Rh and Pd-Co alloys and Pd-Rh-Co ternary alloys were measured to determine the thermodynamics of hydrogen absorption, hydride formation and decomposition, and hydrogen capacity. Good agreement between the calculated and measured values for the ternary Pd-Rh-Co system, in the dilute alloying regime (< 10 at.% total alloying additions), was obtained using our method. Examining literature results on other ternary Pd-X-Y systems checked the universality of this method. The method succeeds in predicting the hydriding thermodynamics for both lattice contracted and lattice expanded alloy systems, Pd-Ni-Rh and Pd-Ag-Y respectively. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Teter, DF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 409 EP 411 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600103 ER PT B AU Medlin, DL Foiles, SM Cohen, D AF Medlin, DL Foiles, SM Cohen, D BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Interfacial FCC to 9R reconstruction through dislocation emission at a 90 degree [110] tilt boundary in gold. SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE grain boundary dissociation; grain boundaries; dislocations; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); theory and modeling ID TWIN BOUNDARY; STACKING AB High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations and atomistic simulations of {1 (1) over bar1}/{121} facets in a gold 90degrees tilt boundary show the presence of a similar to10Angstrom wide layer with stacking faults distributed one to every three close-packed planes. This interfacial reconstruction, which forms the rhombohedral 9R stacking arrangement, is similar to that found previously for near-Sigma=3 {112} boundaries in low stacking fault energy metals. We discuss a general approach for partitioning grain boundary orientation into a set of Shockley partial dislocations and then apply this description to the {1 (1) over bar1} /(121) interface. The analysis explains both the distribution of faults and the geometry of the local plane bending and shows, further, that the 9R stacking occurs in both the Sigma=3 (112) and {1 (1) over bar1}/{121} interfaces due to the similar ratios of 30degrees and 90degrees Shockleys in both cases. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Medlin, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 703 EP 704 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600178 ER PT B AU Holm, EA Miodownik, MA Hassold, GN AF Holm, EA Miodownik, MA Hassold, GN BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI The effects of grain boundary properties on microstructural evolution: Discontinuous subgrain growth SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE subgrain growth; abnormal grain growth; nucleation; recrystallization; misorientation; texture ID CELLULAR MICROSTRUCTURES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; UNIFIED THEORY; RECRYSTALLIZATION; STABILITY; RECOVERY AB To study the feasibility of discontinuous subgrain growth as a mechanism for nucleation of recrystallization, realistic subgrain crystallography and boundary properties were incorporated into a Monte Carlo subgrain growth model. With Read-Shockley subgrain boundary energy and mobility functions, strongly textured microstructures develop to favor low angle boundaries, and the average boundary misorientation continually decreases. Although low mobility boundaries slow growth, discontinuous subgrain growth does not occur. However, the same simulations using experimentally measured subgrain boundary properties, where boundary mobility depends exponentially on misorientation, produce discontinuous subgrain growth. These results indicate that microstructural development depends on the details of both crystallography and boundary properties. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holm, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 757 EP 759 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600192 ER PT B AU Battaile, CC Buchheit, TW Wellman, GW Neislen, MK Holm, EA AF Battaile, CC Buchheit, TW Wellman, GW Neislen, MK Holm, EA BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Coupled simulations of deformation and grain growth SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE deformation; FEM front tracking; grain growth; plasticity; strain; stress ID CRYSTALS; STRAIN AB The deformation of a two-dimensional Cu microstructure was simulated at various stages of grain growth. Grain boundary motion was simulated by isotropic front tracking, and deformation by FEA using anisotropic linear elasticity and crystal plasticity with isotropic power-law hardening. Even at elongations of only 1% under load, where stored elastic energy is much higher than plastic, the driving pressures on grain growth due to the stored elastic and plastic energies are comparable. Elastic and plastic strain energy distributions are governed primarily by individual grain orientations, rather than the topology of the grain boundary network. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Battaile, CC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 763 EP 765 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600194 ER PT B AU George, EP Wu, DM Lee, EH Baker, I AF George, EP Wu, DM Lee, EH Baker, I BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI The effect of boron on the yield strength anomaly in FeAl single crystals SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE FeAl; yield strength anomaly; single crystals; vacancies; boron doping ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; FRACTURE; FLOW; BEHAVIOR; AL; FE-45AL AB We report here results of tensile tests on FeAl single crystals oriented for single slip. B-free [3 (2) over bar1] and B-doped [8 (2) over bar3] Fe-43Al single crystals were tensile tested at temperatures from 77-1143 K. Optical microscopy showed the presence of straight slip lines parallel to one set of (110) planes on the gage sections of the B-free Fe-43Al specimens tested at temperatures below similar to1000 K, confirming that predominantly one slip system was active during deformation. In contrast distinct slip lines were observed in B-doped Fe-43Al only at 77 K, indicating more diffuse and homogeneous slip in this alloy. In the B-free alloy, the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) decreased with temperature from 77 K to about 300 K, was only weakly temperature dependent from 300-700 K, increased to a peak at similar to900 K, and then decreased again with further increase in temperature. The B-doped alloy showed broadly similar trends. There was virtually no solid-solution strengthening due to boron at cryogenic temperatures and only modest strengthening in the region of the yield anomaly. However, boron did cause strengthening in the intermediate temperature range (250-700 K), and at high temperatures (beyond the yield peak). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP George, EP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 815 EP 818 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600207 ER PT B AU Thoma, DJ Chen, KC Baskes, MI Peterson, EJ AF Thoma, DJ Chen, KC Baskes, MI Peterson, EJ BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI The effect of stoichiometry in C15HfCo(2) SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE Laves phases; stoichiometry; elastic properties; defects; deformation; HfCo2 ID LAVES PHASE ALLOYS; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB In binary Laves phases (AB(2)) that exhibit a homogeneity range, the ability to accommodate nonstoichiometry is related to the atomic size requirements for the topologically close-packed structure. Based upon a hard sphere model, Laves phases with a metallic atom size ratio R-A/R-B close to the ideal value of similar to1.225 exhibit homogeneity ranges. The C15 phase, HfCo2, has a radius ratio of R-Hf/R-co. = 1.26 and a reported range of solubility of 9 at.%. The solubility limits and constitutional defects have been investigated, and with this information, the elastic and mechanical properties as a function composition were experimentally investigated. The results indicate that anti-site substitution is the governing defect mechanism on both sides of stoichiometry. The elastic and mechanical properties show a maximum at stoichiometry (unlike most intermetallics), with the brittle behavior decreasing with increasing Co content. The properties are described in terms of geometric models of space filling. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thoma, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 995 EP 998 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600252 ER PT B AU Anderson, IE Foley, JC Cook, BA Harringa, J Terpstra, RL Unal, O AF Anderson, IE Foley, JC Cook, BA Harringa, J Terpstra, RL Unal, O BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Alloying effects in near-eutectic tin-silver-copper solder joints SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE lead-free solder; tin (Sn)-silver (Ag)-copper (Cu) solders; joint shear strength; joint microstructure; solder joint solidification AB This study included a comparison of the baseline Sn-3.5Ag eutectic to one near-eutectic ternary alloy, Sn-3.6Ag-1.0Cu and two quaternary alloys, Sn-3.6Ag-1.0Cu-0.15Co and Sn-3.6Ag-1.0Cu-0.45Co, to increase understanding of the effects of Co on Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints cooled at 1-3degreesC/sec., typical of reflow practice. The results revealed joint microstructure refinement due to Co-enhanced nucleation of the Cu6Sn5 phase in the solder matrix, as suggested by Auger elemental mapping and calorimetric measurements. The Co also reduced intermetallic interface faceting and improved the ability of the solder joint samples to maintain their shear strength after aging for 72 his. at 150degreesC. The baseline Sn-3.5Ag joints exhibited significantly reduced strength retention and coarser microstructures. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 1023 EP 1026 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600259 ER PT B AU Agnew, SR Horton, JA Yoo, MH AF Agnew, SR Horton, JA Yoo, MH BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Secondary deformation modes and generalized plasticity in magnesium and its solid solution alloys SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE magnesium; pyramidal slip; deformation twinning; hard orientation; dislocation source; tensile ductility; alloying effects ID CLOSE-PACKED METALS; CORE STRUCTURES; DISLOCATION; SIMULATION AB Secondary deformation modes (pyramidal slip, twinning) play an important role in ductility of hcp polycrystals, because they are needed for plastic compatibility when the crystals are in critical "hard orientations". The main texture component in plane strain and uniaxial compression deformation textures is "off-basal" for Mg alloys, particularly for Mg-Li. Deformation texture simulations indicate that this is due to slip. TEM characterization of deformed samples has verified the presence of dislocations. Hence, the improved room-temperature ductility of Mg-Li solid solution alloys is attributed to the enhanced activity of the pyramidal slip system. The ductilizing effect of Li addition is rationalized in terms of the sources and mobility of dislocations on pyramidal glide planes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Agnew, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 1139 EP 1142 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600288 ER PT B AU Garner, FA Hamilton, ML Oliver, BM Greenwood, LR Maloy, SA Sommer, WF James, MR Ferguson, PD AF Garner, FA Hamilton, ML Oliver, BM Greenwood, LR Maloy, SA Sommer, WF James, MR Ferguson, PD BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Determination of gas generation cross sections in alloys and pure metals irradiated in mixed high-energy proton and spallation neutron spectra in LANSCE at 30-60 degrees C SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE LANSCE; helium; hydrogen; high-energy protons; spallation neutrons; generation rates; alloys; pure metals ID RADIATION-INDUCED CHANGES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN; SYSTEM; HELIUM AB Measurements have been performed of the retained helium and hydrogen levels in pure metal foils and various structural alloys irradiated to displacement levels ranging from 0.6 to similar to14 dpa at temperatures between 30 and 65degreesC in the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The pure metals were Al, Fe, Ni, Co and Cu. The alloys were Inconel 718, AISI 304, AISI 316 and 9Cr-1Mo. Depending on the location of the individual specimen, the spectral environment consisted of protons ranging downward from the incident 800 MeV to similar to550 MeV and a wide energy spectra of spallation neutrons. From these data it was possible to extract estimates of helium generation cross sections as a function of proton energy across the energy range of similar to550-800 MeV. Due to energetic and diffusional losses on the order of similar to50-70%, only lower bound estimates of hydrogen generation were obtained. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009; Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319; Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 1311 EP 1314 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600331 ER PT B AU Weber, WJ Gao, F Jiang, WL Devanathan, R AF Weber, WJ Gao, F Jiang, WL Devanathan, R BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Experimental and computational studies of radiation effects in silicon carbide SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE silicon carbide (SiC); radiation effects; defects; amorphization; ion-channeling; computer simulations ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DEFECT PRODUCTION; AU RECOILS; SI AB The integration of experimental and computer simulation studies is providing atomic-level understanding of the radiation-damage processes in silicon carbide (SiC) that result in the creation of point defects, defect clusters and long-range structural disorder. Ab initio calculations are used to determine the energetics of defect formation. Molecular dynamics methods have been used to study both the energy dependence of defect production and the effects of cascade overlap processes. The temperature dependence of radiation damage has been investigated for a wide range of ion species, and the accumulation and recovery of damage on both the Si and C sublattices have been determined. The experimental and molecular dynamics results for damage accumulation are in good agreement; thus, providing an atomic-level interpretation experimentally observed features. Multi-axial channeling measurements along three axes indicate that Si and C interstitials are well-aligned along the <0001> axis, consistent with ab initio results. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weber, WJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 1359 EP 1362 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600343 ER PT B AU Surh, MP Wolfer, WG AF Surh, MP Wolfer, WG BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Void swelling as a stochastic, evolutionary process SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE void swelling; nucleation; Fokker-Planck equation ID FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATIONS; AUSTENITIC ALLOYS; METALS; IRRADIATION; NUCLEATION; FE AB Past theories of radiation swelling have mostly dealt with the effect of void growth on the steady-state rather than of void nucleation on the incubation of swelling. However, new analysis indicates that incubation and its dependence on dose rate, impurity concentrations, and temperature dramatically influences the cumulative experimental swelling. We present rate theory calculations of this void nucleation and growth that include the time-dependent coupling and evolution of point defect concentrations, void size distribution, and dislocation density. A transient, swelling-free period originates in the exponential sensitivity of nucleation to the temperature and point defect supersaturations and the dependence of the defect concentrations on the dose rate, temperature, and aggregate sink strengths. Specifically, simulations representing cold worked pure metals show delayed swelling that is governed by dislocation evolution towards a reduced, steady-state density. Impurity atoms are expected to affect the incubation period through the initial dislocation density and subsequent rate of evolution. We conclude that appreciable void swelling requires a sufficiently low concentration of network dislocation and dislocation loop sinks, and that incubation is the time required to achieve this state. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Surh, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-353,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 1379 EP 1382 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600348 ER PT B AU Sickafus, KE Grimes, RW AF Sickafus, KE Grimes, RW BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Predicting the radiation tolerance of oxides SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE radiation damage; oxides; pyrochlore; fluorite ID AMORPHIZATION AB We have used atomistic computer simulations and ion beam irradiations to examine radiation damage accumulation in multicomponent oxides. We have developed contour energy maps via computer simulations to predict the effects of oxide structure and chemical composition on radiation-induced atomic disorder, defect migration, and swelling. Ion irradiation damage experiments have been performed on pyrochlore and fluorite-structured oxide ceramics to test the computer model predictions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 1407 EP 1409 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600355 ER PT B AU Thomes, WJ Simmons-Potter, K Potter, BG Weichman, LS AF Thomes, WJ Simmons-Potter, K Potter, BG Weichman, LS BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Transient radiation-induced effects in magnesium-doped lithium niobate SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE lithium niobate (LiNbO3); magnesium (Mg); radiation-induced optical damage ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; DEFECT STRUCTURE MODEL; INTRINSIC DEFECTS; CONGRUENT LINBO3; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MG; LUMINESCENCE; STOICHIOMETRY AB LiNbO3 is an important electro-optical material for use in such applications as laser modulators, frequency doublers, and integrated optical devices. However, radiation is found to degrade the optical properties of the crystal and thus limit its use under adverse environments. To counteract this problem, doping with Mg (up to 5 mol%) can be used to increase the resistance of the LiNbO3 host to radiation-induced damage. A detailed investigation of the low-temperature photoluminescence of these materials and their transient radiation-induced response to a 2 MeV short-pulse gamma source was conducted. By examining correlations between the low-temperature optical properties of the material systems and their resistance to pulses of high-energy radiation, one can reach a better understanding of the role played by the Mg impurities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thomes, WJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 1415 EP 1418 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600357 ER PT B AU Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA AF Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of galfenol alloys under large compressive stresses SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE magnetostriction; galfenol; iron-gallium alloys ID FE-GA AB Fe-Ga alloys, in which the alpha-Fe structure is maintained, are rich sources of high strength, low cost magnetostrictive alloys for transducer and vibration reduction applications. Although the magnetostriction of Fe itself is very low, when a relatively small fraction of the Fe atoms are replaced by Ga, the magnetostriction, (3/2)lambda(100), increases greatly. Until recently, the highest magnetostriction was found with the replacement of Fe by Al (Alfenol). In this paper, we present our measurements of magnetostriction on Fe1-xGax, 0.13 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.23, (Galfenol). With the substitution of 19% Ga for Fe in Fe1-xGax, a 12-fold increase in magnetostriction to similar to400 ppm occurs, even though Ga is non-magnetic. In these alloys, the saturation magnetizations remains high, M-s congruent to 1.7 T, and the Curie temperatures are far above room temperature, T-c congruent to 700 C. In most alloys studied, the magnetostrictions and magnetizations are fully saturated in fields less than 300 Oe, even under compressive stresses >100 MPa. C1 Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Clark, AE (reprint author), Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 1711 EP 1714 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600432 ER PT B AU Nieh, TG Wadsworth, J AF Nieh, TG Wadsworth, J BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Newtonian flow and phase instability in a bulk metallic glass deformed in the supercooled liquid region SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE superplasticity; metallic glasses; Newtonian flow; nanocrystallization ID PLASTICITY AB The deformation behavior of a bulk amorphous Zr-10Al-5Ti-l7.9Cu-14.6Ni alloy was studied in the supercooled liquid region. The alloy exhibits Newtonian behavior at low strain rates but to become non-Newtonian at high strain rates. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy results showed the presence of nanocrystallites in the deformed samples, suggesting the non-Newtonian behavior was actually associated with concurrent crystallization of the amorphous structure during deformation. A mechanistic model based upon structural evolution is offered to explain the observed non-Newtonian behavior. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-350,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 2055 EP 2056 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600520 ER PT B AU Kelly, AM Bingert, SR Abeln, TG Hults, WJ Cooley, JC Thomas, DJ AF Kelly, AM Bingert, SR Abeln, TG Hults, WJ Cooley, JC Thomas, DJ BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Development of metallographic preparation techniques for group IVA and VA elements SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE metallographic preparation; titanium (Ti); zirconium (Zr); hafnium (Hf); vanadium (V); niobium (Nb); tantalum (Ta); mechanical polishing; chemical polishing; etching; artifacts; microstructure AB Existing metallographic preparation techniques for Group IVA/VA (e.g. V, Ti, Ta, Hf, Nb, Zr) materials do not reveal all microstructural features inherent to the process history. As a result, new techniques have been developed and compared to existing procedures. For example, in pure tantalum the new procedure exposes a substructure that is not evident using previously published techniques. In niobium, better grain boundary delineation is possible with the new process. Similar results are evident for titanium, zirconium, vanadium, and hafhium. The new preparation stages include a chemical polish and etchant. The chemical polish was found to eliminate problems associated with the mechanical polish. Specifically, the chemical polish removes the worked surface and eliminates smearing. The etching stage serves to delineate the grain boundaries, and in some cases allows bright field as well as polarized or differential interference contrast (DIC) for optical examination. Finally, optical lighting conditions to enhance the observations available with the optimized procedure will be discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelly, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 2447 EP 2450 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600621 ER PT B AU Smith, JL Cooley, JC Gay, EC Hanrahan, RJ Hults, WL Lashley, JC Manley, ME McPheeters, CC Schmiedeshoff, GM Thoma, DJ Touton, S AF Smith, JL Cooley, JC Gay, EC Hanrahan, RJ Hults, WL Lashley, JC Manley, ME McPheeters, CC Schmiedeshoff, GM Thoma, DJ Touton, S BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Magnetism and superconductivity of uranium and intermetallic compounds SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE uranium superconductivity; uranium magnetism ID METALS; STATES AB Heat capacity, resistivity, and phonon density of states have been measured on uranium and reported already. Many of the results are on single crystals of purity that has been unavailable before. Some intermetallic compounds have been measured that are in the class of so-called heavy-fermion materials. We present here the latest results along with a discussion of the occurrence of superconductivity or magnetism in these materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013; Manley, Michael/N-4334-2015 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 2877 EP 2879 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600729 ER PT B AU Vianco, PT Rejent, JA Fossum, AF Neilsen, MK AF Vianco, PT Rejent, JA Fossum, AF Neilsen, MK BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Building a constitutive model for predicting the thermal mechanical fatigue of Sn-Ag-Cu solder interconnects SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE tin-silver-copper (Sn-Ag-Cu) solder; thermal mechanical fatigue; modeling; constitutive equation; yield stress; elastic modulus; creep AB The development of a computational model to predict thermal mechanical fatigue in 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu (wt.%) Pb-free solder interconnects required the measurement of time independent deformation properties as a first step towards constructing the underlying constitutive equation. The compression test method was used. Yield stress and Young's modulus were measured over the temperature range of -25degreesC to 160degreesC and -50degreesC to 200degreesC, respectively. The strain rates were 4.2x10(-5) s(-1) and 8.3x10(-4) s(-1). The yield stress values ranged from approximately 40 MPa at -25degreesC to 10 MPa at 160degreesC for tests performed at 4.2x10(-5) s(-1) and were minimally affected by a faster strain rate and/or sample aging. The true stress/true strain curves indicated that dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization processes took place in as-east samples exposed to temperatures of 125degreesC and 160degreesC, respectively, while tested at a strain rate of 4.2x10(-5) s(-1). Aging the sample prior to testing, as well as the use of a faster strain rate, mitigated both phenomena. The dynamic Young's modulus values ranged from approximately 55 GPa at -50degreesC to 35 GPa at 200degreesC while the coefficient of thermal expansion increased from approximately 12x10(-6) degreesC(-1) at -50degreesC to 22-24 x 10(-6) degreesC(-1) for temperatures between 25degreesC and 200degreesC; the aging treatment had little effect on either Young's modulus or the coefficient of thermal expansion. The second step for developing the constitutive equation-the measurement of the time dependent deformation (creep) properties-is currently underway. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 2925 EP 2928 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600741 ER PT B AU Valone, SM Baskes, MI Stan, M Sickafus, KE AF Valone, SM Baskes, MI Stan, M Sickafus, KE BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Point-defect production and migration in Pu metal at ambient conditions SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE Plutonium; plutomium metal; self-irradiation; point-defects; vacancy diffusion; interstitial diffusion ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; IMPURITIES AB PACS Code and Keywords: 61.80.Az and 61.80.Lj; Plutonium, plutomium metal, self-irradiation, point-defects, vacancy diffusion, interstitial diffusion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valone, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 2941 EP 2943 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600745 ER PT B AU Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Gtitsyna, VT Cooke, DW Ishimaru, M Bennett, BL Sickafus, KE AF Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Gtitsyna, VT Cooke, DW Ishimaru, M Bennett, BL Sickafus, KE BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Optical and ion channeling analyses of point defect accumulation in spinel and cubic zirconia due to ion irradiation. SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE spinel; zirconia; disorder; radiation damage; ion irradiation; amorphization ID MAGNESIUM-ALUMINATE SPINEL; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; MGAL2O4 SPINEL; DAMAGE; AL2O3 AB We investigated radiation damage accumulation and phase transformations in magnesium-aluminum spinel and yttria-stabilized zirconia. In spinel, it was shown that transformation to a metastable phase takes place in conjunction with accumulation of defects on the anion sublattice. In zirconia, amorphization does not take place even at doses exceeding 150 dpa. Damage accumulation, as measured by Rutherford Backscattering (RBS), coincides with increasing concentration of cation vacancies. Both of the oxides investigated in this study (spinel and cubic zirconia) exhibit a propensity to disorder on at least one sublattice. Spinel most readily accommodates disorder on the cation sublattice; zirconia, on the anion sublattice. The propensity to accommodate disorder may be an important factor in choosing materials for high-radiation environments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Afanasyev-Charkin, IV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 2967 EP 2969 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600751 ER PT B AU Michalske, TA Romig, AD AF Michalske, TA Romig, AD BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Integrated nanotechnologies SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE nanomaterials; microsystems; self-assembly; integration ID MECHANICAL RESPONSE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Michalske, TA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 2983 EP 2985 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600755 ER PT B AU Panchal, CB AF Panchal, CB BE Bott, TR Watkinson, AP Panchal, CB TI Review of fouling mechanisms SO PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MITIGATION OF HEAT EXCHANGER FOULING AND ITS ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mitigation of Heat Exchanger Fouling and Its Economic and Environmental Implications CY JUL, 1999 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Engn Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, HRTI, Univ Birmingham DE fouling mechanisms; mitigation; interactive effects; heat-exchange equipment AB To reduce the uncertainty of predicting and mitigating fouling, a better understanding of fouling mechanisms is needed. The major challenges and related issues associated with the five categories of fouling are presented, and the interactive effects of different fouling mechanisms are identified. The major challenges for future research on fouling mechanisms are (1) designing heat-exchange equipment on the basis of fouling rates, not on fixed values of fouling factors; (2) making global predictions of fouling propensity on the basis of measurements at strategic locations; (3) developing self learning prediction techniques that would use plant data; and (4) applying monitoring based fouling mitigation. A vision is presented for mitigating fouling in the next millennium, and the major barriers focused on fouling mechanisms are identified. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Panchal, CB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-172-6 PY 2001 BP 8 EP 15 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BT63V UT WOS:000173566500002 ER PT B AU Gaponenko, I Mokhtarani, A Patton, S Quarrie, D Adesanya, A Becla, J Hanushevsky, A Hasan, A Trunov, A AF Gaponenko, I Mokhtarani, A Patton, S Quarrie, D Adesanya, A Becla, J Hanushevsky, A Hasan, A Trunov, A BE Chen, HS TI The BABAR database: Challenges, trends and projections SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE OO database; ODBMS; objectivity; scaling; CORBA AB The BABAR database, based upon the Objectivity(1) 00 database management system, has been in production since early 1999. It has met its initial design requirements which were to accommodate a 100Hz; event rate from the experiment at a scale of 200TB per year. However, with increased luminosity and changes in the physics requirements, these requirements have increased significantly for the current running period and will again increase in the future. New capabilities in the underlying ODBMS product, in particular those of multiple federation and read-only database support, have been incorporated into a new design that is backwards compatible with existing application code while offering scaling into the multi-petabyte size regime. Other optimizations, including the increased use of tightly coupled CORBA servers and an improved awareness of space inefficiencies, are also playing a part in meeting the new scaling requirements. We discuss these optimizations and the prospects for further scaling enhancements to address the longer-term needs of the experiment. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Gaponenko, I (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 9 EP 14 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500002 ER PT B AU Colombo, R Hubbard, P Lammel, S Leininger, M Ratnikov, F Watts, T AF Colombo, R Hubbard, P Lammel, S Leininger, M Ratnikov, F Watts, T CA CDF Offline Grp BE Chen, HS TI The CDF computing and analysis system: First experience SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE compute system; analysis model; experimental software; data analysis; data handling; analysis system; CDF; Run II AB The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) collaboration records and analyses proton anti-proton interactions with a center-of-mass energy of 2 TeV at the Tevatron. A new collider run, Run II, of the Tevatron started in April. During its more than two year duration the CDF experiment expects to record about 1 PetaByte of data. With its multi-purpose detector and center-of-mass energy at the frontier, the experimental program is large and versatile. The over 500 scientists of CDF will engage in searches for new particles, like the Higgs boson or supersymmetric particles, precision measurement of electroweak parameters, like the mass of the W boson, measurement of top quark parameters, and a large spectrum of B physics. The experiment has taken data and analysed them in previous runs. For Run II, however, the computing model was changed to incorporate new methodologies, the file format switched, and both data handling and analysis system redesigned to cope with the increased demands. This paper (4-036 at Chep 2001) gives an overview of the CDF Run II compute system with emphasize on areas where the current system does not match initial estimates and projections. For the, data handling and analysis system a more detailed description is given. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Colombo, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 15 EP 19 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500003 ER PT B AU Foster, I AF Foster, I BE Chen, HS TI Grid technologies & applications: Architecture & achievements SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB The 18 months since CHEP'2000 have seen significant advances in Grid computing, both within and outside high energy physics. While in early 2000, Grid computing was a novel concept that most CHEP attendees were being exposed to for the first time, we now see considerable consensus on Grid architecture, a solid and widely adopted technology base, major funding initiatives, a wide variety of projects developing applications and technologies, and major deployment projects aimed at creating robust Grid infrastructures. I provide a summary of major developments and trends, focusing on the Globus open source Grid software project and the GriPhyN data grid project. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 29 EP 34 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500005 ER PT B AU Fromm, J Genser, K Levshina, T Mandrichenko, I AF Fromm, J Genser, K Levshina, T Mandrichenko, I BE Chen, HS TI FBSNG - Batch system for farm architecture SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE batch system; computing farms; PC farms; resource allocation AB FBSNG [1] is a redesigned version of Farm Batch System (FBS [1]), which was developed as a batch process management system for off-line Run II data processing at FNAL. FBSNG is designed for UNIX computer farms and is capable of managing up to 1000 nodes in a single farm, FBSNG allows users to start arrays of parallel processes on one or more farm computers. It uses a simplified abstract resource counting method for load balancing between computers. The resource counting approach allows FBSNG to be a simple and flexible tool for farm resource management. FBSNG scheduler features include guaranteed and controllable "fair-share" scheduling. FBSNG is easily portable across different flavors of UNIX. The system has been successfully used at Fermilab as well as by off-site collaborators for several years on farms of different sizes and different platforms for off-line data processing, Monte-Carlo data generation and other tasks. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fromm, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500009 ER PT B AU Holmgren, D Mackenzie, P Petravick, D Rechenmacher, R Simone, J AF Holmgren, D Mackenzie, P Petravick, D Rechenmacher, R Simone, J BE Chen, HS TI Lattice QCD production on a commodity cluster at Fermilab SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE lattice QCD; commodity computing; massively parallel computers AB Large scale QCD Monte Carlo calculations have typically been performed on either commercial supercomputers or specially built massively parallel computers such as Fermilab's ACPMAPS. Commodity clusters equipped with high performance networking equipment present an attractive alternative, achieving superior performance to price ratios and offering clear upgrade paths. We describe the construction and results to date of Fermilab's prototype production cluster, which consists of 80 dual Pentium III systems interconnected with Myrinet networking hardware. We describe software tools and techniques we have developed for operating system installation and administration. We discuss software optimizations using the Pentium's built-in parallel computation facilities (SSE). Finally, we present short and long term plans for the construction of larger facilities. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Holmgren, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500011 ER PT B AU Chan, AW Hogue, RW Throwe, TG Yanuklis, TA AF Chan, AW Hogue, RW Throwe, TG Yanuklis, TA BE Chen, HS TI The Linux farm at the RCF SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE chep; commodity hardware and software; linux AB A description of the Linux Farm at the RHIC Computing Facility (RCF) is presented in this paper. The RCF is a dedicated data processing facility for RHIC, which became operational in the summer of 2000 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chan, AW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500013 ER PT B AU Dawson, T Fromm, J Giacchetti, L Genser, K Jones, T Levshina, T Mandrichenko, I Mengel, M Petravick, D Schumaher, K Thies, R Timm, S Thompson, R AF Dawson, T Fromm, J Giacchetti, L Genser, K Jones, T Levshina, T Mandrichenko, I Mengel, M Petravick, D Schumaher, K Thies, R Timm, S Thompson, R BE Chen, HS TI Fermilab Distributed Monitoring System (NGOP) SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE monitoring system; monitoring agent; action; rules AB A Distributed Monitoring System (NGOP) that will scale to the anticipated requirements for Run II computing has been under development at Fermilab. NGOP [1] provides a framework to create Monitoring Agents for monitoring the overall state of computers and software that are running on them. Several Monitoring Agents are available within NGOP that are capable of analyzing log files, and checking existence of system daemons, CPU and memory utilization, etc. NGOP also provides customizable graphical hierarchical representations of these monitored systems. NGOP is able to generate events when serious problems have occurred as well as raising alarms when potential problems have been detected. NGOP allows performing corrective actions or sending notifications. NGOP provides persistent storage for collected events, alarms and actions. A first implementation of NGOP was recently deployed at Fermilab. This is a fully functional prototype that satisfies most of the existing requirements. For the time being the NGOP prototype is monitoring 512 nodes. During the first few months of running NGOP has proved to be a useful tool. Multiple problems such as node resets, offline CPUs, and dead system daemons have been detected. NGOP provided system administrators with information required for better system tuning and configuration. The current state of deployment and future steps to improve the prototype and to implement some new features will be presented. C1 Fermi Natl Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Dawson, T (reprint author), Fermi Natl Lab, Batavia, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 102 EP 105 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500025 ER PT B AU Adesanya, A AF Adesanya, A BE Chen, HS TI The Event Browser: An intuitive approach to browsing BaBar object databases SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE BaBar; CORBA; Java; C plus AB Providing efficient access to more than 300TB of experiment data is the responsibility of the BaBar(1) Databases Group. Unlike generic tools, The Event Browser presents users with an abstraction of the BaBar data model. Multithreaded CORBA(2) servers perform database operations using small transactions in an effort to avoid lock contention issues and provide adequate response times. The GUI client is implemented in Java and can be easily deployed throughout the community in the form of a web applet. The browser allows users to examine collections of related physics events and identify associations between the collections and the physical files in which they reside, helping administrators distribute data to other sites worldwide. This paper discusses the various aspects of the Event Browser including requirements, design challenges and key features of the current implementation. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Adesanya, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 193 EP 196 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500052 ER PT B AU Day, CT Quarrie, D Tull, C AF Day, CT Quarrie, D Tull, C BE Chen, HS TI Adding a scripting interface to Gaudi SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE scripting; python AB Athena, the Software Framework for ATLAS' offline software, is based on the Gaudi Framework from LHCb1. The Processing Model of Gaudi is essentially that of a batch-oriented system - a User prepares a file detailing the configuration of which Algorithms are to be applied to the input data of a job and the parameter values that control the behavior of each Algorithm instance. The Framework then reads that file once at the beginning of a job and runs to completion with no further interaction with the User. We have enhanced the Processing Model to include an interactive mode where a User can control the event loop of a running job and modify the Algorithms and parameters on the fly. We changed only a very small number of Gaudi Classes to provide access to parameters from an embedded Python interpreter. No change was made to the Gaudi Programming Model, i.e., developers need not change anything to make use of this added interface. We present details of the design and implementation of the interactive Python interface for Athena. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Day, CT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 213 EP 214 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500057 ER PT B AU Kunz, PF AF Kunz, PF BE Chen, HS TI The HippoDraw application and the HippoPlot C++ toolkit upon which it is built SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kunz, PF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500060 ER PT B AU Bodem, S Jones, T Zyla, P Holmstrom, T Lu, LC Rajaram, D Rubin, HA AF Bodem, S Jones, T Zyla, P Holmstrom, T Lu, LC Rajaram, D Rubin, HA BE Chen, HS TI Farming data for the HyperCP experiment SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE hyperCP(E871); Fermilab; CP violation; farm; web-based ID DIRECT CP VIOLATION; DECAYS AB The main goal of the HyperCP(E871) experiment at Fermilab is to search for CP violation in Xi and Lambda decays at the similar to 10(-4) level. This level of precision dictates a data sample of over a billion events. The experiment collected about 231 billion raw events on about 30,000 5-GB tapes in ten months of running in 1997 and 1999. In order to analyze this huge amount of data, the collaboration has reconstructed the events on a farm of 55 dual-processor Linux-based PCs at Fermilab. A set of farm tools has been written by the collaboration to interface with the Farm Batch System (FBS and FBSNG)[1] developed by the Fermilab Computing Division, to automate much of the farming and to allow nonexpert farm shifters to submit and monitor jobs through a web-based interface, Special care has been taken to produce a robust system which facilitates easy recovery from errors. The code has provisions for extensive monitoring of the data on a spill-by-spill basis, as is required by the need to minimize potential systematic errors, About 36 million plots of various parameters produced from the farm analysis can be accessed through a data management system. The entire data set was farmed in eleven months, or about the same time that was taken to acquire the data. We will describe the architecture of the farm, our experience in operating it, and show some results from the farm analysis. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Bodem, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Lu, Lanchun/E-3551-2011 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 266 EP 271 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500071 ER PT B AU Bird, I Chen, Y Hess, B Kowalski, A Watson, C AF Bird, I Chen, Y Hess, B Kowalski, A Watson, C BE Chen, HS TI Jefferson Lab mass storage and file replication services SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB Jefferson Lab has implemented a scalable, distributed, high performance mass storage system - JASMine. The system is entirely implemented in Java, provides access to robotic tape storage and includes disk cache and stage manager components. The disk manager subsystem may be used independently to manage stand-alone disk pools. The system includes a scheduler to provide policy-based access to the storage systems. Security is provided by pluggable authentication modules and is implemented at the network socket level. The tape and disk cache systems have well defined interfaces in order to provide integration with grid-based services. The system is in production and being used to archive 1 TB per day from the experiments, and currently moves over 2 TB per day total. This paper will describe the architecture of JASMine; discuss the rationale for building the system, and present a transparent 3(rd) party file replication service to move data to collaborating institutes using JASMine, XML, and servlet technology interfacing to grid-based file transfer mechanisms. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bird, I (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 276 EP 279 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500073 ER PT B AU Kim, JB Shoshani, A AF Kim, JB Shoshani, A BE Chen, HS TI Simulation analysis of the optimal storage resource allocation for large HENP databases SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB Large High Energy and Nuclear Physics (HENP) databases are commonly stored on robotic tape systems because of cost considerations. Later, selected subsets of the data are cached into disk caches for analysis or data mining. Because of the relatively long time to mount, seek, and read a tape, it is important to minimize the number of times that data is cached into disk. Having too little disk cache will force files to be removed from disk prematurely, thus reducing the potential of their sharing with other users. Similarly, having too few tape drives will not make good use of a large disk cache, as the throughput from the tape system will form the bottleneck. Balancing the tape and disk resources is dependent on the patterns of the requests to the data. In this paper, we describe a simulation that characterizes such a system in terms of the resources and the request patterns. We learn from the simulation which parameters affect the performance of the system the most. We also observe from the simulation that, there is a point beyond which it is not worth investing in additional resources as the benefit is too marginal. We call this point the "point-of-no-benefit" (or PNB), and show that using this concept we can more easily discover the relationship of various parameters to the performance of the system. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kim, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM jinbaek@ieor.berkeley.edu; shoshani@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 286 EP 293 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500076 ER PT B AU Hubbard, P Lammel, S AF Hubbard, P Lammel, S BE Chen, HS TI The CDF Run II disk inventory manager SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE data handling; data storage; data access; HSM; CDF; Run II AB The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) experiment records and analyses proton-antiproton interactions at a center-of-mass energy of 2 TeV. Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron started in April of this year. The duration of the run is expected to be over two years. One of the main data handling strategies of CDF for Run II is to hide all tape access from the user and to facilitate sharing of data and thus disk space. A disk inventory manager was designed and developed over the past years to keep track of the data on disk, to coordinate user access to the data, and to stage data back from tape to disk as needed. The CDF Run II disk inventory manager consists of a server process, a user and administrator command line interfaces, and a library with the routines of the client API. Data are managed in filesets which are groups of one or more files. The system keeps track of user access to the filesets and attempts to keep frequently accessed data on disk. Data that are not on disk are automatically staged back from tape as needed. For CDF the main staging method is based on the mt_tools package as tapes are written according to the ANSI standard. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hubbard, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 304 EP 307 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500080 ER PT B AU Kowalkowski, J Lammel, S Litvintsev, D Ratnikov, F Watts, T Wicklund, E AF Kowalkowski, J Lammel, S Litvintsev, D Ratnikov, F Watts, T Wicklund, E BE Chen, HS TI CDF Run II Data File Catalog SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE CDF; RDBMS; databases AB The CDF experiment started data taking in April 2001. The data are organized into datasets which contain events of similar physics properties and reconstruction version. The information about datasets, is stored in the Data File Catalog, a relational database. This information is presented to the data processing framework as objects which are retrieved using compound keys. The objects and the keys are designed to be the algorithms' view of information stored in the database. Objects may use several DB tables. A database interface management layer exists for the purpose of managing the mapping of persistent data to transient objects that can be used by the framework, This layer exists between the algorithm code and the code which reads directly from database tables. At the user end, it places get/put interface on a top of a transient class for retrieval or storage of objects of this class using a key. Data File Catalog code makes use of this facility and contains all the code needed to manipulate CDF Data File Catalog from a C++ program or from the command prompt. It supports an Oracle interface using OTL, and a mSQL interface. This code and the Oracle implementation of Data File Catalog were subjected to tests during CDF Commissioning Run last fall and during first weeks of Run II in April. It performed exceptionally well. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kowalkowski, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 308 EP 309 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500081 ER PT B AU Loebel-Carpenter, L Lueking, L Moore, C Terekhov, I Trumbo, J Veseli, S Vranicar, M White, SP White, V AF Loebel-Carpenter, L Lueking, L Moore, C Terekhov, I Trumbo, J Veseli, S Vranicar, M White, SP White, V BE Chen, HS TI SAM overview and operation at the D0 experiment SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE data management; data access; GRID enabled system; resource management AB SAM is a network-distributed data management system developed at Fermilab for use with Run II data. It is being employed by the DO Experiment to store, manage, deliver, and track processing of all data. We describe the design and features of the system including resource management and data transfer mechanisms. We show the operational experience DO has accumulated to date including data acquisition, processing, and all levels of access and delivery. We present various configurations of the system and describe their use in the collaboration. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Loebel-Carpenter, L (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 310 EP 314 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500082 ER PT B AU Becla, J Gaponenko, I AF Becla, J Gaponenko, I BE Chen, HS TI Optimizing parallel access to the BaBar database system using CORBA servers SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB The BaBar Experiment collected around 20 TB of data during its first 6 months of running. Now, after 18 months, data size exceeds 300 TB, and according to prognosis, it is a small fraction of the size of data coming in the next few months. In order to keep up with the data, significant effort was put into tuning the database system. It led to great performance improvements, as well as to inevitable system expansion 450 simultaneous processing nodes alone used for data reconstruction. It is believed, that further growth beyond 600 nodes will happen soon. In such an environment, many complex operations are executed simultaneously on hundreds of machines, putting a huge load on data servers and increasing network traffic. Introducing two CORBA servers halved startup time, and dramatically offloaded database servers: data servers as well as lock servers. The paper describes details of design and implementation of two servers recently introduced in the BaBar system: Conditions OID Server and Clustering Server. The first experience of using these servers is discussed. A discussion on a Collection Server for data analysis, currently being designed is included. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Becla, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 315 EP 318 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500083 ER PT B AU Hasan, A Trunov, A AF Hasan, A Trunov, A BE Chen, HS TI Managing the BaBar Object Oriented database SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE BaBar; database; management AB The BaBar experiment stores its data in an Object Oriented federated database supplied by Objectivity/DB(tm). This database is currently 350TB in size and is expected to increase considerably as the experiment matures. Management of this database requires careful planning and specialized tools in order to make the data available to physicists in an efficient and timely manner. We discuss the operational issues and management tools that were developed during the previous run to deal with this vast quantity of data at SLAC. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94307 USA. RP Hasan, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94307 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 319 EP 321 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500084 ER PT B AU Garren, LA Fischler, M AF Garren, LA Fischler, M BE Chen, HS TI A standard event class for Monte Carlo generators SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE clhep; stdhep AB StdHepC++[1] is a CLHEP[2] Monte Carlo event class library which provides a common interface to Monte Carlo event generators. This work is an extensive redesign of the StdHep Fortran interface to use the full power of object oriented design. A generated event maps naturally onto the Directed Acyclic Graph concept and we have used the HepMC classes to implement this. The full implementation allows the user to combine events to simulate beam pileup and access them transparently as though they were a single event. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Garren, LA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 370 EP 371 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500097 ER PT B AU Garren, LA Brown, W Fischler, M Paterno, M AF Garren, LA Brown, W Fischler, M Paterno, M BE Chen, HS TI HepPDT: encapsulating the particle data table SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE clhep; heppdt; stdhep AB As a result of discussions within the HEP community, we have written a C++ package which can be used to maintain a table of particle properties, including decay mode information. The classes allow for multiple tables and accept input from a number of standard sources. In addition, they provide a mechanism by which an event generator can employ the tabulated information to actually direct the decay of particles. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Garren, LA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 374 EP 376 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500099 ER PT B AU Roediger, G Pomatto, P Kyriakopulos, J Panacek, S Canal, P Kubarovsky, A AF Roediger, G Pomatto, P Kyriakopulos, J Panacek, S Canal, P Kubarovsky, A BE Chen, HS TI An electronic logbook for the HEP control room SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE logbook; control room; JAVA; XML AB The Control Room Logbook (CRL) is designed to improve and replace the paper logbooks traditionally used in the HEP accelerator control room. Its features benefit the on-line coordinator, the shift operators, and the remote observers. This paper explains some of the most attractive features for each of these roles. The features include the ability to configure the logbook for the specific needs of a collaboration, a large variety of entry types an operator can add by simply clicking and dragging, and a flexible web interface for the remote observer to keep up with control room activities. The entries are saved as UTF-8 based XML files, which allowed us to give the data structure and meaning such that it can easily be parsed in the present and far into the future. The XML tag data is also indexed in a relational database, making queries on dates, keywords, entry type and other criteria feasible and fast. The CRL is used in the DO control room. This presentation also discusses our experience with deployment, platform independence and other interesting issues that arose with the installation and use of logbook. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Roediger, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 389 EP 393 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500103 ER PT B AU Matthews, W Cottrell, L AF Matthews, W Cottrell, L BE Chen, HS TI Achieving high data throughput in research networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE network; performance; throughput; tuning; optimizing AB After less than a year of operation, the BaBar experiment at SLAC has collected almost 100 million particle collision events in a database approaching 165TB. Around 20 TB of data has been exported via the Internet to the BaBar regional center at IN2P3 in Lyon, France, and around 40TB of simulated data has been imported from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). BaBar collaborators plan to double data collection each year and export a third of the data to IN2P3. So within a few years the SLAC OC3 (155Mbps) connection will be fully utilized by file transfer to France alone. Upgrades to infrastructure is essential and detailed understanding of performance issues and the requirements for reliable high throughput transfers is critical. In this talk results from active and passive monitoring and direct measurements of throughput will be reviewed. Methods for achieving the ambitious requirements will be discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Matthews, W (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 409 EP 411 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500109 ER PT B AU Bobyshev, A Ernst, M AF Bobyshev, A Ernst, M BE Chen, HS TI An additional DNS feature for different routing of electronic mail inside and outside of a campus network SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB Several years ago DESY faced the need to change the Electronic Mail Service to support it on a central cluster of servers. The centralized architecture was necessary for deployment of unified internal E-Mail standards, better quality of service and security. To implement a new policy for Electronic Mail Service and avoid huge modifications to a few hundreds network nodes, an additional DNS feature has been added to ISC's (Internet Software Consortium) software bind-4.9.7. The DNS servers running at DESY are capable of distinguishing between DNS queries coming from inside and outside of the campus network and reply with different list of MX (Mail Exchanger) records. The external hosts always get a list of MX records pointing to the central mail servers while the internal hosts may use different paths for mail exchange within the campus network. A modified version of DNS software has been used at DESY since 1997. It is fully compliant with the original goal of the project and shows good operational performance and reliability. C1 DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany. RP Bobyshev, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 416 EP 418 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500111 ER EF