FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Eschrig, M AF Eschrig, M TI Effects of strong coupling on pairing fluctuations in layered superconductors SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EPR, NMR and NQR in Solid State Physics - Recent Trends CY JUN 14-18, 1999 CL UNIV PISA, DEPT PHYS, PISA, ITALY HO UNIV PISA, DEPT PHYS ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NMR RELAXATION RATE; SPIN SUSCEPTIBILITY; YBA2CU3O6.95 AB The influence of short inelastic lifetimes due to strong coupling of fermionic quasiparticles to bosons on superconducting fluctuation effects above T-c is calculated. Considering a strong-coupling model for a layered superconducting metal, it is shown that pairing fluctuation corrections to the spin-lattice relaxation rate in weak coupling and very strong coupling are qualitatively different if the pairing fluctuation spectrum has s-wave symmetry. For weak coupling the corrections are positive, whereas for very strong coupling lambda = 2 integrald omega alpha F-2(omega)/omega > 2 the corrections are negative. In contrast, the Pauli spin susceptibility is insensitive to strong-coupling corrections. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL USA. RP Eschrig, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Eschrig, Matthias/B-4786-2009; OI Eschrig, Matthias/0000-0003-4954-5549 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1007/BF03162373 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 401TK UT WOS:000166944200006 ER PT J AU Jang, ZH Suh, BJ Lascialfari, A Sessoli, R Borsa, F AF Jang, ZH Suh, BJ Lascialfari, A Sessoli, R Borsa, F TI Proton NMR and susceptibility measurements on the magnetic core of ferritin SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EPR, NMR and NQR in Solid State Physics - Recent Trends CY JUN 14-18, 1999 CL UNIV PISA, DEPT PHYS, PISA, ITALY HO UNIV PISA, DEPT PHYS ID PROTEINS AB We report an investigation of the magnetic core of the biomolecule ferritin by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and relaxation, magnetic susceptibility and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements. SEM images show that the outer protein shell is taken out completely by an appropriate chemical treatment and indicate particle sizes ranging from 10(2) to 10(4) nm. Susceptibility measurements show a maximum in the zero-field-cooled data which is strongly field-dependent and can be ascribed to superparamagnetic behavior, whereas the hysteresis curve is different From normal ferritin. Proton NMR and spin-lattice relaxation data as a function of temperature at 4.7 T suggest the presence of an antiferromagnetic transition around 100 K. C1 Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, Unita Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. Univ Florence, Dept Chem, Florence, Italy. Catholic Univ, Dept Phys, Puchon, South Korea. RP Lascialfari, A (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, Unita Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RI Sessoli, Roberta/K-5863-2015 OI Sessoli, Roberta/0000-0003-3783-2700 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 557 EP 562 DI 10.1007/BF03162400 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 401TK UT WOS:000166944200033 ER PT B AU Lu, NP Conca, J Xu, HF Wright, J AF Lu, NP Conca, J Xu, HF Wright, J BE Rammlmair, D Mederer, J Oberthur, T Heimann, RB Pentinghaus, H TI PIMS - Remediation of metal-contaminated groundwater and soil using a special reactive form of the mineral apatite SO APPLIED MINERALOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2: RESEARCH, ECONOMY, TECHNOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Congress on Applied Mineralogy (ICAM 2000) CY JUL 17-19, 2000 CL GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SP German Mineral Soc, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft, BEB Erdgas & Erdol GmbH, Hannover, UTR Umwelt GmbH, Gladbeck, PPM Pure Metals GmbH, Langelsheim, Int Council Appl Mineral, Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, Geol Survey State Lower Saxony, Univ Gottingen, Dept Mineral, Agcy Technol Transfer & Innovat Lower Saxony AB Phosphate-Induced Metal Stabilization (PIMS) stabilizes a wide range of metals, especially U and Pb, by forming new phosphate and other low-solubility phases that are stable over geological time. The mineral apatite is necessary for this technology, especially for inducing the heterogeneous nucleation of metal-apatite phases necessary for remediation under environmental conditions (Fig.1). Stabilization comes from the low solubility products of the resultant metal-apatites, e.g., for U-autunite Ksp = 10(-48) and for Pb-pyromorphite Ksp = 10(-80) (Chen et al. 1997). Most apatites do not have the suitable characteristics of substituted CO32-. low initial trace metal concentrations, and high microporosity necessary for optimal performance in the field. Apatite II is the most reactive, most cost-effective apatite available, having optimal structural and chemical characteristics for metal and radionuclide remediation.. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, E ET, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lu, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, E ET, MS J 514, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-163-5 PY 2000 BP 603 EP 605 PG 3 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BQ78W UT WOS:000089525700155 ER PT J AU Kasunic, KJ AF Kasunic, KJ TI Comparison of Kretschmann-Raether angular regimes for measuring changes in bulk refractive index SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; GAS-DETECTION AB We compare two angular regimes for the measurement of changes in the real refractive index of bulk fluid analytes. The measurements are based on the use of the Kretschmann-Raether configuration to sense a change in reflectivity with index. Specifically, we numerically simulate the relative sensitivities of the total internal reflection (TIR) and the surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) regimes. For a fixed-angle apparatus, the method that gives the greatest change in reflectivity varies with metal film thickness. For films thicker than the skin depth, the SPR regime is the most sensitive to index changes. For thinner films, however, the TIR angle is then dominant, with increases in sensitivity on the order of 75% for 10-nm gold or silver media. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 120.0120, 120.5710, 260.6970, 240.6680. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kasunic, KJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kasunic@u.arizona.edu NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1364/AO.39.000061 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 272JZ UT WOS:000084647900008 PM 18337870 ER PT J AU Wunderlich, G Pinkert, J Andreeff, M Stintz, M Knapp, FF Kropp, J Franke, WG AF Wunderlich, G Pinkert, J Andreeff, M Stintz, M Knapp, FF Kropp, J Franke, WG TI Preparation and biodistribution of rhenium-188 labeled albumin microspheres B 20: a promising new agent for radiotherapy SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE rhenium-188; beta-emitter; microspheres; radioactive labeling; radiotherapy ID RADIATION SYNOVECTOMY AGENT; RE-188; GENERATOR; THERAPY; Y-90 AB Intra-arterial infusion of labeled particles is an effective method for endoradiotherapy of tumors. In this study, we radiolabeled biodegradable HSA microspheres (mean diameter = 25 mu m) with the short-lived beta-emitter Re-188 available from the aluminia-based W-188/Re-188 generator system. After 1 h 35-40% of the relative large amount of Sn(II) chloride required for effective reduction of Re(VII) for efficient attachment to the particles is precipitated as an amorphous coat of tin hydroxid colloid on the particle surface. The final Re-188 bound to the particles was found to be stable in vitro. The radiolabelling yield was > 90%. The biological half-life was > 250 h and demonstrated sufficient in vivo stability after i.v. injection in Wistar rats. Because of the attractive properties of Re-188 and the uniform particle size and stability, in vivo, this new agent is an attractive candidate for endoradiotherapy of tumors after selective catheterization. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Proc Tech, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wunderlich, G (reprint author), Univ Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, Fetche Str 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. RI Stintz, Michael/D-7549-2011 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 52 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(99)00093-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 275KY UT WOS:000084820400009 PM 10670924 ER PT J AU Trust, KA Rummel, KT Scheuhammer, AM Brisbin, IL Hooper, MJ AF Trust, KA Rummel, KT Scheuhammer, AM Brisbin, IL Hooper, MJ TI Contaminant exposure and biomarker responses in spectacled elders (Somateria fischeri) from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAL CONCENTRATIONS; HEAVY-METAL; METALLOTHIONEIN CONCENTRATIONS; WESTERN ALASKA; SEABIRDS; SELENIUM; MERCURY; LEAD; EIDERS; CADMIUM AB Effects of chemical contaminant exposure may be contributing to the decline of spectacled elders (Somateria fischeri) nesting in coastal areas of western Alaska. We evaluated chemical exposure and potential effects in 20 male elders collected near St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. Analytes included metals, trace elements, chlorinated organics, and (137)Cesium (Cs-137). Effects of contaminant exposure were evaluated using histopathology and biochemical measures of porphyrin profiles, cytochrome P450 activities, and metallothionein (MT) concentrations. Copper, cadmium, and selenium concentrations were elevated in spectacled elders when compared to literature values for other marine birds. Only a few samples had trace concentrations of chlorinated organic compounds. Muscle Cs-137 levels were all below the average minimum quantifiable concentration of 0.079 Bq/g. No histopathological lesions were associated with elevated contaminant concentrations in liver, kidney, or testes. Protoporphyrin was found in highest concentration in both the liver and kidneys, followed by coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin, respectively. Hepatic uroporphyrin concentrations correlated significantly to hepatic arsenic concentrations. Mean activities of hepatic EROD, MROD, BROD, and PROD were consistent with other avian species. Comparisons of cadmium/MT ratios from this study to published literature ratios in seven marine avian species suggest that, although adult male spectacled elders have elevated liver concentrations of certain MT-inducing metals, their MT concentrations are not as strongly induced as would be predicted based on Literature values. Despite elevated metal concentrations, the apparent good health of the St. Lawrence Island birds suggests that should these contaminants be a factor in population declines, they likely act by decreasing fecundity or survival of young rather than via direct health impacts on adult male spectacled elders. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Trust, KA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 605 W 4th Ave, Room G62, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04696] NR 39 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 259VN UT WOS:000083914800013 PM 10556377 ER PT S AU Johnson, NL AF Johnson, NL BE Bedau, MA McCaskill, JS Packard, NH Rasmussen, S TI Developmental insights into evolving systems: Roles of diversity, non-selection, self-organization, symbiosis SO ARTIFICIAL LIFE VII SE FROM ANIMALS TO ANIMATS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Artificial Life CY 2000 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Reed Coll, Intel Corp AB A developmental view of evolving systems (ecological, social, economical, organizational) is examined to clarify 1) the role of selection processes versus collective, non-selective processes, 2) the origins of diversity and its role in system performance and robustness 3) the origin of explicit subsystem interactions (cooperation/symbiosis) that enhance individual and system performance, 4) the preconditions necessary for further evolutionary development, and 5) the effect of environmental timescales with adaptation timescales. Three sequential stages of evolving systems (based on the work of Salthe) are proposed: a Immature stage dominated by highly decentralized, selective processes with chaotic local and global dynamics, a Mature stage dominated by non-selective, self-organizing processes with global robustness but locally chaotic dynamics, and a Senescent stage dominated by rigid interactions with global fragility. A simple model problem with many optimal and non-optimal solutions - an agent solution to a maze - illustrates the entire developmental history. Within the model, the agents evolve their capability from a random approach to an optimized performance by natural selection. As the agents develop improved capability, natural selection becomes rare, and an emergent collective solution is observed that is better than the performance of an average agent. As the collective, self-organizing structures are incorporated into individual capability within a stable environment, constraints arise in the agent's interactions, and the system loses diversity. The resulting Senescent system exhibits reduced randomness due to the rigid structures and ultimately becomes fragile. Depending on the degree environmental change, the Senescent system will either "die," or collapse under environmental stress to the Mature or Immature stage, or incorporate the constraints system-wide into a new hierarchical system. The current study adds to the literature on developmental systems by finding: Transitions between stages are dependent on the degree of sustained environmental stability and how exclusive cooperation (e.g., symbiosis) in a subsystem can originate, and how it results in a decline in diversity. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret MSB216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret MSB216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1089-4365 BN 0-262-52290-X J9 FROM ANIM ANIMAT PY 2000 BP 317 EP 326 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BR23C UT WOS:000165921700039 ER PT B AU McGehee, PM AF McGehee, PM BE Manset, N Veillet, C Crabtree, D TI Toolkit based extension of the SDSS control system SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS IX SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Conference for Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS 99) CY OCT 03-06, 1999 CL HI SP Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp AB The capabilities of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (Gunn et al. 1999) telescope control system have been enhanced by selective integration with components of the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) toolkit. Specifically, EPICS has been used to provide graphical displays of real-time and archived telescope performance data. The real-time data access has been accomplished by the addition of an EPICS database and associated communications infrastructure to the existing Telescope Performance Monitor computer. User access to SDSS archive files was implemented using the data source independent design of XARR, the EPICS data archive tool. Due to the modular design (Thuot et al. 1996) of the EPICS control system toolkit, the implementation of these enhancements was rapid and straightforward. Future use of the EPICS toolkit is planned as support for the integration of the SDSS operations environment. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGehee, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H820, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-047-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 216 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BR86E UT WOS:000167857000060 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Anderson, SF Voges, W Margon, B Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Carr, MA Csabai, I Doi, M Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Pauls, AG Pier, JR Rechenmacher, R Richards, GT Rockosi, CM Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tucker, DL Waddell, P York, DG AF Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Anderson, SF Voges, W Margon, B Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Carr, MA Csabai, I Doi, M Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Pauls, AG Pier, JR Rechenmacher, R Richards, GT Rockosi, CM Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tucker, DL Waddell, P York, DG TI High-redshift quasars found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. II. The spring Equatorial Stripe SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : general; surveys ID ABSORPTION SYSTEMS; STANDARD STARS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AB This is the second paper in a series aimed at finding high-redshift quasars from five-color (u'g'r'i'z') imaging data taken along the Celestial Equator by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) during its commissioning phase. In this paper, we present 22 high-redshift quasars (z > 3.6) discovered from similar to 250 deg(2) of data in the spring Equatorial Stripe, plus photometry for two previously known high-redshift quasars in the same region of the sky. Our success rate in identifying high-redshift quasars is 68%. Five of the newly discovered quasars have redshifts higher than 4.6 (z = 4.62, 4.69, 4.70, 4.92, and 5.03). All the quasars have i* < 20.2 with absolute magnitude -28.8 < M < M(B) -26.1 (h = 0.5, q(0) = 0.5). Several of the quasars show unusual emission and absorption features in their spectra, including an object at z = 4.62 without detectable emission lines, and a broad absorption line (BAL) quasar at z = 4.92. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85750 Garching, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tanashi, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 29 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 119 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1086/301191 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 280NW UT WOS:000085109700001 ER PT J AU Canalizo, G Stockton, A Brotherton, MS Van Breugel, W AF Canalizo, G Stockton, A Brotherton, MS Van Breugel, W TI A companion galaxy to the poststarburst quasar UN J1025-0040 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : interactions; galaxies : starburst; quasars : individual (UN 51025-0040) ID INFRARED GALAXIES AB UN J1025-0040 is a quasar at z = 0.6344 that shows an extremely bright post starburst population of age similar to 400 Myr (Brotherton et al.). Images of UN J1025-0040 show a nearly stellar object 4 ".2 south-southwest of the quasar. We present imaging and spectroscopy that confirm that this object is a companion galaxy at redshift z = 0.6341. We estimate an age of similar to 800 Myr for the dominant stellar population in the companion. The companion appears to be interacting with the quasar host galaxy, and this interaction may have triggered both the starburst and the quasar activity in UN J1025-0040. C1 Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Canalizo, G (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 119 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1086/301190 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 280NW UT WOS:000085109700006 ER PT J AU Borgani, S da Costa, LN Zehavi, I Giovanelli, R Haynes, AP Freudling, W Wegner, G Salzer, JJ AF Borgani, S da Costa, LN Zehavi, I Giovanelli, R Haynes, AP Freudling, W Wegner, G Salzer, JJ TI Correlation analysis of SFI peculiar velocities SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; galaxies : distances and redshifts; large-scale structure of universe ID DARK-MATTER MODELS; DENSITY FIELDS; HUBBLE FLOW; GALAXIES; IRAS; REDSHIFT; PERTURBATIONS; SIMULATIONS; PARAMETERS; SCALE AB We present results of a statistical analysis of the SFI catalog of peculiar velocities, a recently completed survey of spiral field galaxies with I-band Tully-Fisher distances. The velocity field statistic utilized is the velocity correlation function, psi(1)(r), originally introduced by Gorski et al. The analysis is performed in redshift space so as to circumvent potential ambiguities connected with inhomogeneous Malmquist bias corrections. The results from the SFI sample are compared with linear-theory predictions for a class of cosmological models. We generate a large set of mock samples, extracted from N-body simulations, which are used to assess the reliability of our analysis and to estimate the associated uncertainties. We assume a class of cold dark matter-like power spectrum models, specified by sigma(8), the rms fluctuation amplitude within a sphere of 8 h(-1) Mpc radius, and by the shape parameter, Gamma. Defining eta(8) = sigma(8) Omega(0)(0.6), we find that the measured psi(1)(r) implies a degenerate constraint in the (eta(8),Gamma)-plane, with eta(8) = 0.3 +/- 0.1(Gamma/0.2)(0.5) at the 2 sigma level for the inverse Tully-Fisher (ITF) calibration presented in this paper. We investigate how much this constraint changes as we account for uncertainties in the analysis method and uncertainties in the distance indicator, and we consider alternative ITF calibrations. We find that both changing the error-weighting scheme and selecting galaxies according to different limiting line widths has a negligible effect. On the contrary, the model constraints are quite sensitive to the ITF calibration. The other ITF calibrations, by Giovanelli et al. and da Costa et al, both yield, for Gamma = 0.2, a best-fit value of eta(8) similar or equal to 0.6. C1 Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Astron, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. Observ Nacl, BR-20921400 Sao Cristovao, RJ, Brazil. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Cornell Univ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14953 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14953 USA. European So Observ, Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Borgani, S (reprint author), Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Astron, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. OI Borgani, Stefano/0000-0001-6151-6439 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 119 IS 1 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1086/301154 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 280NW UT WOS:000085109700011 ER PT J AU Allam, SS Tucker, DL AF Allam, SS Tucker, DL TI Compact Groups of galaxies in the Las Campanas Redshift Survey SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE catalogs; surveys; galaxies : galaxies AB We have recently extracted a catalog of compact groups of galaxies (CGs) from the Las Campanas Redshift Survey. This catalog of Las Campanas Compact Groups (LCCGs) contains 76 CGs with a median redshift of z(med) approximate to 0.08. The physical properties of these CGs are similar to those from the Hickson (1982) and the Barton et al. (1996) catalogs. Here, we present an atlas of our catalog and briefly describe its general properties. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Natl Res Inst Astron & Geophys, Cairo, Egypt. RP Allam, SS (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2000 VL 321 IS 2 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3994(200005)321:2<101::AID-ASNA101>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 318LA UT WOS:000087284400002 ER PT J AU Glendenning, NK Kettner, C AF Glendenning, NK Kettner, C TI Possible third family of compact stars more dense than neutron stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE equation of state; stars : neutron ID MATTER; STRANGE AB The work of J. A. Wheeler in the mid 1960's showed that for smooth equations of state no stable stellar configurations with central densities above that corresponding to the limiting mass of 'neutron stars' (in the generic sense including hybrids) were stable. Accordingly, there has been no reason to expect that a stable degenerate family of stars with higher density than the known white dwarfs and neutron stars might exist. Nevertheless, we have found a class of equations of state that describe a first order phase transition and are insufficiently smooth to obey the conditional theorem of Wheeler. We identify the attributes that give rise to a third family of stable dense stars, discuss how such a higher density family of stars could be formed in nature, and how the promising new exploration of oscillations in the X-ray brightness of accreting neutron stars might provide a means of identifying them. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Augsburg, Inst Theoret Phys 1, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. RP Glendenning, NK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70A-3307, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 353 IS 2 BP L9 EP L12 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 277MQ UT WOS:000084937700002 ER PT J AU Boss, AP Fisher, RT Klein, RI McKee, CF AF Boss, AP Fisher, RT Klein, RI McKee, CF TI The Jeans condition and collapsing molecular cloud cores: Filaments or binaries? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; hydrodynamics; ISM : clouds; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; stars : formation ID SELF-GRAVITATIONAL HYDRODYNAMICS; ROTATING INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; NON-ISOTHERMAL COLLAPSE; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; PROTOSTELLAR FORMATION; FRAGMENTATION; SYSTEMS; CONSTRAINT; RADIATION AB The 1997 and 1998 studies by Truelove and colleagues introduced the Jeans condition as a necessary condition for avoiding artificial fragmentation during protostellar collapse calculations. They found that when the Jeans condition was properly satisfied with their adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code, an isothermal cloud with an initial Gaussian density profile collapsed to form a thin filament rather than the binary or quadruple protostar systems found in previous calculations. Using a completely different self-gravitational hydrodynamics code introduced by Boss & Myhill in 1992 (B&M), we present here calculations that reproduce the filamentary solution first obtained by Truelove et al. in 1997. The filamentary solution only emerged with very high spatial resolution with the B&M code, with effectively 12,500 radial grid points (R-12500). Reproducing the filamentary collapse solution appears to be an excellent means for testing the reliability of self-gravitational hydrodynamics codes, whether grid-based or particle-based. We then show that in the more physically realistic case of an identical initial cloud with nonisothermal heating (calculated in the Eddington approximation with code B&M), thermal retardation of the collapse permits the Gaussian cloud to fragment into a binary protostar system at the same maximum density where the isothermal collapse yields a thin filament. However, the binary clumps soon thereafter evolve into a central clump surrounded by spiral arms containing two more clumps. A roughly similar evolution is obtained using the AMR code with a barotropic equation of state--formation of a transient binary, followed by decay of the binary to form a central object surrounded by spiral arms, though in this case the spiral arms do not form clumps. When the same barotropic equation of state is used with the B&M code, the agreement with the initial phases of the AMR calculation is quite good, showing that these two codes yield mutually consistent results. However, the B&M barotropic result differs significantly from the B&M Eddington result at the same maximum density, demonstrating the importance of detailed radiative transfer effects. Finally, we confirm that even in the case of isothermal collapse, an initially uniform density sphere can collapse and fragment into a binary system, in agreement with the 1998 results of Truelove et al. Fragmentation of molecular cloud cores thus appears to remain as a likely explanation of the formation of binary stars, but the sensitivity of these calculations to the numerical resolution and to the thermodynamical treatment demonstrates the need for considerable caution in computing and interpreting three-dimensional protostellar collapse calculations. C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM boss@dtm.ciw.edu; bobf@mckee.berkeley.edu; klein@radhydro.berkeley.edu; cmckee@mckee.berkeley.edu RI Fisher, Robert/J-8667-2014 OI Fisher, Robert/0000-0001-8077-7255 NR 38 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 528 IS 1 BP 325 EP 335 DI 10.1086/308160 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 277PC UT WOS:000084941100028 ER PT J AU Popowski, P AF Popowski, P TI Clump giant distance to the Magellanic Clouds and anomalous colors in the Galactic bulge SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE distance scale; dust, extinction; Galaxy : center; Magellanic Clouds; stars : horizontal-branch ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; BAADES WINDOW; STARS; POPULATION; METALLICITY; EXTINCTION; BAR AB I demonstrate that the two unexpected results in the local universe-(1) anomalous intrinsic (V-I), colors of the clump giants and RR Lyrae stars in the Galactic center, and (2) very short distances to the Magellanic Clouds (LMC, SMC) as inferred from clump giants-are connected with each other. The (V-I), anomaly is partially resolved by using the photometry from phase II of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) rather than phase I. The need for V- or I-magnitude-based change in the bulge (V-I)(0) is one option to explain the remaining color discrepancy. Such a change may originate in a coefficient of selective extinction A(v)/E(V-I) smaller than typically assumed. Application of the (V - O)(0) correction (independent of its source) doubles the slope of the absolute magnitude-metallicity relation for clump giants, so that M-l(RC) = -0.23 + 0.19 [Fe/H]. Consequently, the estimates of the clump distances to the LMC and SMC are affected. Udalski's distance modulus of mu(LMC) = 18.18 +/- 0.06 increases to 18.27 +/- 0.07. The distance modulus to the SMC increases by 0.12 to mu(SMC) = 18.77 +/- 0.08. I argue that a more comprehensive assessment of the metallicity effect on M-l(RC) is needed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Popowski, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, POB 808,L-413, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 528 IS 1 BP L9 EP L12 DI 10.1086/312426 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 277PE UT WOS:000084941300003 ER PT J AU Ganga, K AF Ganga, K TI Updates on SuZIE and Python SO ASTROPHYSICAL LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Cosmic Microwave Background and the Planck Mission CY JUN 22-25, 1999 CL CANTABRIA, SPAIN SP UIMP, CICYT, Univ Cantabria, Inst Fis Cantabria, Dpto Fis Moderns, Fac Ciencias DE cosmology; cosmic microwave background; observations ID MICROWAVE SKY; ANISOTROPY; GHZ AB SuZIE and Python are two mature cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy experiments. In this presentation we preview recent observations from both experiments. C1 CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CITA, Toronto, ON, Canada. Fermilab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Ganga, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, M-S 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0888-6512 J9 ASTROPHYS LETT COMM JI Astrophys. Lett. Comm. PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3-6 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 337RJ UT WOS:000088375200021 ER PT S AU Colgate, SA Buchler, JR AF Colgate, SA Buchler, JR BE Buchler, JR Kandrup, H TI Coherent transport of angular momentum - The Ranque-Hilsch tube as a paradigm SO ASTROPHYSICAL TURBULENCE AND CONVECTION SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Florida Workshops in Nonlinear Astronomy and Physics CY FEB 18-20, 1999 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Off Res Technol & Grad Educ DE turbulence; convection; hydrodynamics; vortical flow; angular momentum transport ID VORTEX-TUBE; ACCRETION DISKS; FLOW AB The mechanism for efficient and coherent angular momentum transport remains one of the unsolved puzzles in astrophysics despite the enormous efforts that have been made. We suggest that important new insight could be gained in this problem through an experimental and theoretical study of a laboratory device (Ranque-Hilsch tube) that displays a similar enhanced angular momentum transfer which cannot be explained by a simple turbulent model. There is already good experimental evidence to suggest that the cause of this enhancement is the formation of aligned vortices that swirl around the symmetry axes very much like virtual paddle blades. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Colgate, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-245-2; 1-57331-244-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 898 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ28M UT WOS:000087809700007 ER PT J AU Streets, DG Waldhoff, ST AF Streets, DG Waldhoff, ST TI Present and future emissions of air pollutants in China: SO2, NOx, and CO SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Atmospheric Science and Applications to Air Quality CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Res Acad Environm Sci, China APEC Environm Protect Ctr, Chinese Res Acad Meterol Sci, Chinese Acad Sci, Atmospher Phys Res Inst, Shanghai Res Acad Environm Sci, China Environm Protect Fdn, Tsinghua Univ, Peking Univ, Qingdao Inst Environm Sci, Shenzhen inst Environm Sci, Guiyang Environm Protect Bur, Chinese Environm Sci Assoc, Atmospher Environm Branch, Ebara Corp, Green Cross Korea DE sulfur dioxide; nitrogen oxides; carbon monoxide; emissions; China ID ASIA AB As part of the CHINA-MAP program, sponsored by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration, regional inventories of air pollutants emitted in China are being characterized, in order that the atmospheric chemistry over China can be more fully understood and the resulting ambient concentrations in Chinese cities and the deposition levels to Chinese ecosystems be determined with better confidence. This paper presents estimates of emissions of three of the major air pollutants in China: sulfur dioxide (SO,), nitrogen oxides (NO,): and carbon monoxide (CO). Emissions are estimated for each of the 29 regions of China covered by the RAINS-ASIA simulation model, including Hong Kong and Taiwan. All sectors of the Chinese economy are considered, including the combustion of biofuels in rural homes. Data for 1990 and 1995 are presented, as well as two projections for the year 2020 under alternative assumptions about levels of environmental control. Sulfur dioxide emissions an projected to increase from 25.2 mt in 1995 to 30.6 mt in 2020, provided emission controls are implemented on major power plants, if this does not happen, emissions could increase to as much as 60.7 mt by 2020. Emissions of nitrogen oxides are projected to increase from 12.0 mt in 1995 to somewhere in the range of 26.6-29.7 mt by 2020, with little in the way of pollution controls or other emission reduction measures in place. Emissions of carbon monoxide are projected to decline from 115 mt in 1995 to 96.8 mt in 2020, due to more efficient combustion techniques, especially in the transportation sector; if these measures are not realized, carbon monoxide emissions could increase to 130 mt by 2020. Emissions of all three species are concentrated in the populated and industrialized areas of China: the Northeastern Plain, the East Central and Southeastern provinces, and the Sichuan Basin. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 28 TC 330 Z9 388 U1 34 U2 171 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 3 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00167-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 272RD UT WOS:000084664000003 ER PT J AU Ermak, DL Nasstrom, JS AF Ermak, DL Nasstrom, JS TI A Lagrangian stochastic diffusion method for inhomogeneous turbulence SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE random walk dispersion model; diffusion equation; inhomogeneous turbulence ID GROUND-LEVEL SOURCE; DISPERSION; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; TRACER; FLOW AB A Lagrangian stochastic method of solving the diffusion equation for inhomogeneous turbulence is presented in this paper. This numerical method uses (1) a first-order approximation for the spatial variation of the eddy diffusivity and (2) the first three particle position moments to define a skewed, non-Gaussian particle position probability density function. Two cases of the variation of the eddy diffusivity near a boundary are considered. In the first case, the eddy diffusivity varies linearly with height and is zero at the boundary. The method handles this case efficiently and accurately by using the first few terms of the series representation of the analytic solution to construct components of the non-Gaussian position probability density function that are important near the boundary. In the second case, the eddy diffusivity is constant near the boundary, and the well-known solution for this case - a Gaussian function reflected at the boundary - is used. Comparison of numerical simulation results to analytic solutions of the diffusion equation show that this method is accurate. For cases where the eddy diffusivity varies linearly with height to zero at the boundary, we demonstrate that this method can be significantly more efficient than the commonly used method that assumes a Gaussian particle position probability density function. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ermak, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1059 EP 1068 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00379-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 288KU UT WOS:000085562600004 ER PT J AU Grell, GA Emeis, S Stockwell, WR Schoenemeyer, T Forkel, R Michalakes, J Knoche, R Seidl, W AF Grell, GA Emeis, S Stockwell, WR Schoenemeyer, T Forkel, R Michalakes, J Knoche, R Seidl, W TI Application of a multiscale, coupled MM5/chemistry model to the complex terrain of the VOTALP valley campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ACID DEPOSITION MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; EMISSION; OZONE; SIMULATION; ASSIMILATION; SENSITIVITY; TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE AB A coupled complex meteorology/chemistry model has been used to simulate the how field and the concentration fields of atmospheric pollutants in Alpine valleys during the VOTALP (Vertical Ozone Transports in the ALPs) Valley Campaign in August 1996 in southern Switzerland. This paper starts with a description of a coupled numerical model (MCCM, Multiscale Climate Chemistry Model), which is based on the Penn State/NCAR nonhydrostatic mesoscale model (MM5) and the RADM2 gas-phase chemical reaction scheme. The second part of the paper presents a simulation for the Mesolcina Valley, the core region of the VOTALP Valley Campaign, and adjacent regions. The simulation was done using the nesting facility of the coupled meteorology/chemistry model. The horizontal resolution for the innermost nest was 1 km. The simulations depict the daily thermally induced valley and mountain wind system and the advection of pollutants with this wind system. It becomes obvious that in the model simulation highly polluted air from the Po Basin is transported into the Alpine valleys during the day. During the night cleaner air is brought downward with the mountain winds. Cross sections from the high-resolution model results give a closer look at the inflow and outflow of pollutants into and from the Mesolcina Valley. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fraunhofer Inst Atmosphar Umweltforsch, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP NOAA, Forest Syst Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM greli@fsl.noaa.gov RI Emeis, Stefan/B-6205-2008; Knoche, Richard/A-7090-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013; OI Emeis, Stefan/0000-0001-6114-6212; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X; Stockwell, William/0000-0002-7509-6575 NR 51 TC 143 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1435 EP 1453 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00402-1 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295MZ UT WOS:000085972900009 ER PT J AU Zhang, H AF Zhang, H TI Light and Iron(III)-induced oxidation of chromium(III) in the presence of organic acids and manganese(II) in simulated atmospheric water SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE free radicals; heavy metal; photochemistry; redox; tropospheric chemistry ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; REDOX CHEMISTRY; REDUCTION; SOILS; PHOTOLYSIS AB In atmospheric waters, oxidation of Cr(III) by Mn(III/II) species has been considered to be the major pathway for Cr(III) to become Cr(VI), but the finding of light-induced Cr(III) oxidation in the presence of Fe(III) implicates a new possible pathway. This study further tests the occurrence of this pathway in simulated atmospheric water containing organic acids and Mn(II). Our results showed that in simulated atmospheric water, the light and Fe(III)-induced Cr(III) oxidation occurred in the presence of the organic acids of low Fe(III) photoreductivity (LFPR) such as acetate and succinate and in the presence of very low levels of the organic acids of high Fe(III) photoreductivity (HFPR) such as citrate and tartarate (e.g., [Citrate](0) : [Cr(III)](0) < similar to 1:10). This oxidation became very limited in the presence of very high levels of the LFPR acids (e.g., [Acetate](0) :[Cr(III)](0) > similar to 7.5 : 1) because of competition of the acids with Cr(III) for OH radicals as well as in the presence of mild levels of the HFPR acids (e.g., [Citrate](0),:[Cr(III)](0) > similar to 1:10) because of rapid reduction of the formed Cr(VI) by organic radicals from photolysis of complexes of Fe(III) with these acids. This oxidation was substantially limited at pH [2.5 or] 4.5 in the presence of the organic acids. The presence of Mn(II) led to decreases in the Cr(III) oxidation presumably resulting from the competition of Mn(II) with Cr(III) for OH radicals. This study thus suggests that the light and Fe(III)-induced Cr(III) oxidation could be a potential important pathway for Cr(III) to be converted to toxic Cr(VI) in atmospheric waters where organic acids such as acetate are frequently predominant. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1633 EP 1640 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00384-2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295YC UT WOS:000085995400013 ER PT J AU Kleinman, LI AF Kleinman, LI TI Ozone process insights from field experiments - part II: Observation-based analysis for ozone production SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE ozone photochemistry; VOCs; modeling ID PHOTOSTATIONARY STATE DEVIATIONS; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT FORMATION; PEROXY-RADICALS; PRECURSOR RELATIONSHIPS; SOUTHERN SWITZERLAND; TROPOSPHERIC OH; MODEL; COLORADO; HYDROCARBONS; SENSITIVITY AB A complete characterization of O-3 photochemistry from a regulatory point of view includes knowing the production rate for O-3, the sensitivity of this rate to NOx and VOCs, and the effects of emission controls on O-3 concentration. Observation-based analysis techniques have been developed to determine these quantities based on observed concentrations of O-3 and other photochemical ingredients. The promise of these methods is that reliable predictions on O-3 control measures will be forthcoming from easily made measurements. We review several techniques that have been used in recent field programs. Techniques are divided into two families according to whether predicted quantities pertain to the present state of an air parcel or to its history. The present time frame methods address the question of what is happening now, whereas the past time frame methods are used to determine how the air mass evolved to its present state. Present time frame methods are used to determine O-3 production rates and sensitivities. In this category, we discuss the constrained steady state, photostationary state, and radical budget methods. Past time frame techniques are used to address questions on the dependence of O-3 on precursor emissions. In this category, we discuss indicator species and the "observation-based model". (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kleinman, LI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 39 TC 49 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 12-14 BP 2023 EP 2033 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00457-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299JP UT WOS:000086195600007 ER PT J AU Placet, M Mann, CO Gilbert, RO Niefer, MJ AF Placet, M Mann, CO Gilbert, RO Niefer, MJ TI Emissions of ozone precursors from stationary sources: a critical review SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE emissions inventories; emissions uncertainty; emissions projections; air pollution; ozone precursors ID SENSITIVITY; VALLEY; MODEL; VOC AB This paper discusses and critiques methods used to estimate emissions of, and create both aggregate and detailed modeling inventories for, nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and carbon monoxide (CO), the main pollutants involved in ozone formation. Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and methods to project emissions into the future are also briefly discussed. Many improvements have been made in emissions inventories over the past decade. For example, the required use of continuous emission monitors (CEMS) has produced site-specific emissions estimates from almost all US electric utility power plants, which are the major stationary source of NOx. However, many data quality issues remain. For example, the overall quality of standardized emission factors is very poor. In addition, uncertainties have been introduced by use of simplistic assumptions on the existent level of emission control. Even the use of GEMS has not eliminated uncertainty in emissions from power plants, because methods to deal with missing data can introduce bias. Emissions data for Mexico are not comprehensive, making ozone modeling in US border regions difficult. Data for VOC speciation is outdated, and crude data is often used to disaggregate emissions to the fine level of spatial and temporal detail needed for atmospheric modeling. It is difficult to make general statements about the importance of each of these problems, because there are no reliable estimates of the overall uncertainty of emissions values, and because the impact of emission inventory errors is very site specific. The Emissions Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) initiated by the US Environmental Protection Agency promises to enhance the quality of future inventories, mainly through communication of best practices among state agencies. Further inventory improvement efforts must be focused on problems that most strongly influence poor prediction of ozone concentrations. Targets for improvement could be based on comparison of photochemical modeling results to observed concentrations, coupled with other techniques that better explain source-receptor relationships. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Placet, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 901 D St SW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 53 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 12 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 12-14 BP 2183 EP 2204 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00464-1 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299JP UT WOS:000086195600014 ER PT J AU Wesely, ML Hicks, BB AF Wesely, ML Hicks, BB TI A review of the current status of knowledge on dry deposition SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE tropospheric chemistry; dry deposition; oxidants; surface resistance ID RELAXED EDDY-ACCUMULATION; REACTIVE TRACE GASES; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; AIR-SEA INTERFACE; OZONE FLUXES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CONIFEROUS FOREST; SULFUR-DIOXIDE AB Dry deposition can account for a large portion of the removal of trace chemicals from the troposphere. Resistance schemes used in modeling often perform quite well in daytime conditions over flat terrain. Model results for hilly or mountainous areas, however, are considerably less reliable than those for flat terrain. Even for homogeneous atmospheric and surface conditions and flat terrain, an inadequate model description of surface properties such as vegetative species and soil moisture stress can lead to large differences between modeled and measured fluxes. Third-generation models of mesoscale meteorology and atmospheric chemistry have the potential to achieve several advances, but scaling up of local to regional flux information remains a subject of research. Also, the integrated modeling of gaseous emissions and deposition, which need to be tied together at a low level of model structure, has not yet been accomplished. Many of the processes affecting dry deposition of O-3 over individual types of surfaces an fairly well understood. The role of rapid in-air chemical reactions involving NO, NO2, and O-3 are difficult to quantify comprehensively, and the effects of water from rain or dew on uptake of gases can be highly variable. The influence of lipid solubility on the uptake of organic substances is not well understood. For large bodies of water, the dry deposition rate of most gases appears to be determined largely by water solubility. Parameterizations for the deposition of fine particles tend to be empirical or based on theories untested in natural settings outdoors. Direct measurements of fluxes are required for improved parameterizations for gases and particles and have been made successfully in many past experiments. Micrometeorological approaches have been used extensively, but they are sometimes limited by chemical instrumentation. Long-term flux measurements for diverse terrain and relatively large areas remain difficult. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 185 TC 396 Z9 421 U1 12 U2 123 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 12-14 BP 2261 EP 2282 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00467-7 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299JP UT WOS:000086195600017 ER PT J AU Fukui, Y Doskey, PV AF Fukui, Y Doskey, PV TI Identification of nonmethane organic compound emissions from grassland vegetation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE GC/MS; monoterpene; nonmethane organic compound; NMOC; oxygenated hydrocarbon; OxHC; grassland; biogenic emission ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; POSSIBLE INSECT ATTRACTANTS; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; OH RADICAL FORMATION; RATE CONSTANTS; OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; VOLATILE COMPONENTS; UNITED-STATES AB Emissions of nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs) from grassland vegetation were collected in Summa(R) passivated stainless-steel canisters with a static enclosure technique and were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography with dame ionization and ion trap mass spectrometric detectors. Approximately 40 NMOCs with 6-10 carbon atoms were observed in samples analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography with the flame ionization detector. Nineteen NMOCs in this molecular weight range (6 aliphatic oxygenates; I aromatic hydrocarbon: and 4 acyclic, 5 monocyclic, and 3 bicyclic monoterpenoids) were identified by ion trap mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry was particularly useful for identifying myrcene and cis-3-hexenylacetate, which coeluted on a fused-silica capillary column coated with a 1-mu m-thick film of polydimethylsiloxane. An evaluation of the reactivity of the grassland emissions revealed that the aliphatic oxygenates have lifetimes of a few hours with respect to oxidation by OH and O(3) in the atmosphere. This value is similar to the lifetimes of the bicyclic monoterpenoids. The expected lifetimes of the monoterpenoids with respect to oxidation by NO(3) are only several minutes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Doskey, PV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pvdoskey@anl.gov NR 61 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 18 BP 2947 EP 2956 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00068-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319UU UT WOS:000087361600011 ER PT J AU Wallschlager, D Kock, HH Schroeder, WH Lindberg, SE Ebinghaus, R Wilken, RD AF Wallschlager, D Kock, HH Schroeder, WH Lindberg, SE Ebinghaus, R Wilken, RD TI Mechanism and significance of mercury volatilization from contaminated floodplains of the German river Elbe SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wetlands; soil-air exchange; soil air; height profile of atmospheric Hg-concentration; regional Hg budget; rain events ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; GASEOUS MERCURY; CENTRAL-EUROPE; LAKE WATERS; SOILS; FLUXES; METHYLMERCURY; SEDIMENTS; TRANSECT AB Several aspects of atmospheric emissions of mercury from contaminated wetlands were studied in the floodplains along the river Elbe (Northern Germany). The volatilization process manifests itself in a well behaved height profile of atmospheric mercury concentrations in the boundary layer around the soil/air interface (air and soil air). This profile was described by a detailed 9-point vertical gradient, which follows the mathematical description c(Hg) = 27h(-0.5) above the ground. This power function relationship is discussed theoretically and validated by comparison to other atmospheric mercury height profiles described in the literature, Understanding of the phase transfer mechanism is improved by the finding that rain events increase the mercury flux to the atmosphere up to threefold due to increased soil moisture. A mechanism is proposed, which indicates the coupling between aquatic and atmospheric remobilization of mercury from soils, and thereby emphasizes that wetlands play an important role for mercury turnover in biogeochemical cycles due to their characteristic properties. Finally, some estimates of the long-term behavior of the emissions and their importance for the regional Hg budget are derived. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Frontier Geosci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Phys & Chem Analyt, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. Environm Canada, Atomospher Environm Serv, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Water Res & Water Technol, ESWE, D-65201 Wiesbaden, Germany. RP Wallschlager, D (reprint author), Frontier Geosci, 414 Pontius Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NR 35 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 22 BP 3745 EP 3755 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00083-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 338XP UT WOS:000088448800009 ER PT J AU Doskey, PV AF Doskey, PV TI The air-water exchange of C-15-C-31 n-alkanes in a precipitation-dominated seepage lake SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE semivolatile organic compounds; SVOCs; n-alkanes; air-water exchange; atmospheric deposition; volatilization; pollen ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MARINE BENTHIC ALGAE; DRY DEPOSITION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; PARTICULATE CONCENTRATIONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SEA INTERFACE AB The air-water exchange of semivolatile II-alkanes in Crystal Lake, a small precipitation-dominated seepage lake in northern Wisconsin, was investigated with modeling and mass balance approaches, The results suggest that atmospheric deposition contributes approximately 80% of the allochthonous input of il-alkanes to Crystal Lake. Atmospheric deposition accounts for about 50% of the total annual input of n-alkanes to Crystal Lake, and an additional 30% is contributed by in situ production of planktonic n-alkanes (Sigma C-15, C-17, C-19) Contributions to the particle dry flux of terrestrial n-alkanes (Sigma C-25. C-27, C-29, C-31) by pine pollen dispersal and by dry deposition of particles containing leaf waxes are similar in magnitude and constitute about 60% of the atmospheric input, with particle wet deposition being responsible for the remainder. Approximately 30% of the atmospheric input of the il-alkanes occurs during a two-week episode of pine pollen dispersal in spring. Concentration gradients between gaseous, n-alkanes in the atmosphere and dissolved n-alkanes in the water column of Crystal Lake favor volatilization of n-alkanes from the lake surface; however, distributions of dissolved n-alkanes are characteristic of bacteria, and therefore are contained in organic matter and not available for air-water exchange. The estimated net atmospheric input of terrestrial n-alkanes is about 20% less than the settling sediment flux, Additional allochthonous sources of the terrestrial n-alkanes might include diffuse surface runoff or episodes of coarse-particle deposition. The discrepancies in the results from the modeling and mass balance approaches indicate that direct measurements of air-water exchange rates and measurements of the seasonal variations of particle size distributions in air and rain would greatly improve our ability to quantify air-water exchange rates of n-alkanes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Doskey, PV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 23 BP 3981 EP 3993 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00165-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 344FR UT WOS:000088749000013 ER PT J AU Streets, DG Tsai, NY Akimoto, H Oka, K AF Streets, DG Tsai, NY Akimoto, H Oka, K TI Sulfur dioxide emissions in Asia in the period 1985-1997 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sulfur dioxide; Asia; emission trends; sulfate aerosol; energy use; China ID ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; FUEL COMBUSTION; DEPOSITION; NOX; SO2; CO2 AB A consistent set of SO2 emission trends has been developed for Asian countries for the time period 1985-1997. The trend is based on extrapolation of a detailed 1990 inventory, which was constructed as part of the World Bank's RAINS-ASIA project, using IEA energy-use data. The trend shows Asian SO2 emissions growing from 33.7 Tg in 1990 to 39.2 Tg in 1997. Estimates interpolated fr om the RAINS-ASIA computer model suggest a value for 1997 of 46.4 Tg, assuming no major changes in emission abatement policies after 1990. The reduction in the 1997 value, by some 16%, is primarily due to regulatory requirements and other trends toward lower sulfur content of oil products and coal. A slowdown in the growth of emissions in China - due to a reduction in economic growth, the mining of higher-quality coals, enhanced environmental awareness, and a reduction in industrial coal use - has been instrumental in arresting the growth of Asian emissions. Most of the positive developments have occurred in East Asia, and high-emission growth rates persist in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The outlook for the future is that Asian SO2 emissions may well peak in the region of 40-45 Tg by the year 2020 or earlier, in contrast to previous predictions of 2020 emissions as high as 80-110 Tg. The trends developed in this paper are good news for the local and regional environment, particularly in East Asia. However, they also signify lower-than-anticipated concentrations of sulfate aerosol over the Asian continent, with the resulting possibility of greater-than-anticipated regional and global warming. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 153, Japan. EX Corp, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 171, Japan. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 31 TC 106 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 26 BP 4413 EP 4424 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00187-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 351UD UT WOS:000089175800002 ER PT J AU Streets, DG Guttikunda, SK Carmichael, GR AF Streets, DG Guttikunda, SK Carmichael, GR TI The growing contribution of sulfur emissions from ships in Asian waters, 1988-1995 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sulfur; shipping; emissions; Asia; wet deposition; dry deposition ID DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; DEPOSITION AB International shipping is a major source of sulfur emissions in Asia. Because the fuel oil used by ships is high in sulfur, the resulting emissions of SO2 are large and contribute as much as 20% to the atmospheric loading in the vicinity of ports and heavily traveled waterways. Because of the rapid growth of Asian economies in the 1980s and early 1990s, it is estimated that shipping trade grew by an average of 5.4% per year between 1988 and 1995; in particular, crude oil shipments to Asian countries other than Japan grew by an average of 11.4% per year. The emissions of SO2 from shipping are estimated to have grown by 5.9% per year between 1988 and 1995, rising from 545 Gg in 1988 to 817 Gg in 1995. This study uses the ATMOS atmospheric transport and deposition model to study the effects of these emissions, both in absolute terms and relative to land-based emissions, on wet and dry deposition of sulfur. Southeast Asia is most heavily affected by emissions from ships, particularly Sumatra, peninsular Malaysia, and Singapore, which routinely receive in excess of 10% of their deposition from ships. A strong seasonal component is also observed, with large areas of Southeast Asia and coastal Japan receiving sulfur deposition that exceeds 10 mg S m(-2) season(-1). Deposition is at least 25% higher in summer and fall than in winter and spring. Peak values of 25-50 mg S m(-2) season(-1) are calculated for winter in the Strait of Malacca. This work suggests a need to introduce policies to reduce the sulfur content of marine fuels or otherwise reduce emissions of SO2 from ships in Asian waters. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 19 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 26 BP 4425 EP 4439 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00175-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 351UD UT WOS:000089175800003 ER PT S AU Glenzer, SH Fournier, KB Hammel, BA Lee, RW MacGowan, BJ Back, CA AF Glenzer, SH Fournier, KB Hammel, BA Lee, RW MacGowan, BJ Back, CA BE Mancini, RC Phaneuf, RA TI On the accuracy of x-ray spectra modeling of inertial confinement fusion plasmas SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Univ Nevada, Phys Dept, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Nevada DOE EPSCoR, Univ Nevada ID LI-LIKE SATELLITES; INDIRECTLY DRIVEN; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; THOMSON SCATTERING; COMPLEX SPECTRA; HIGH-DENSITIES; LASER; IMPLOSIONS; NOVA AB X-ray spectroscopic measurements of the helium-like and lithium-like argon emission from gas bag targets are presented. These data are supported by Thomson scattering diagnostics providing critical tests of plasma spectroscopic K-shell models. The x-ray spectra show lithium-like dielectronic satellites on the red wing of the He-beta line that are temperature sensitive and are known to influence the shape of the Stark-broadened line profiles observed from implosions. We find that the satellite intensities compare well to kinetics modeling that uses the independently measured electron temperature for satellites whose upper states are populated by dielectronic capture, but discrepancies are observed for inner-shell collisionally excited transitions. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glenzer, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-437, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-976-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 547 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR49V UT WOS:000166658200001 ER PT S AU Bell, RE Synakowski, EJ AF Bell, RE Synakowski, EJ BE Mancini, RC Phaneuf, RA TI New understanding of poloidal rotation measurements in a tokamak plasma SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Univ Nevada, Phys Dept, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Nevada DOE EPSCoR, Univ Nevada ID EXCHANGE RECOMBINATION SPECTROSCOPY; REVERSED SHEAR PLASMAS; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; ION TEMPERATURE; FUSION PLASMAS; CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLISIONS; EXCITATION; HYDROGEN AB Significant atomic physics corrections to the measured poloidal velocity using charge exchange spectroscopy have been neglected when interpreting impurity poloidal velocity. In the presence of a magnetic field, the gyro motion of the impurity ion along with the finite lifetime of the observed state results in an additional line shift that scales with ion temperature and magnetic field strength. Effects of collisions on the lifetime of excited states, cascades from higher longer-lived n levels, and charge exchange from excited beam neutrals are calculated to determine necessary corrections to the measured poloidal velocity. The accuracy of computed corrections is tested utilizing symmetric upward and downward views from the TFTR poloidal rotation diagnostic. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bell, RE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-976-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 547 BP 39 EP 52 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR49V UT WOS:000166658200004 ER PT S AU Krstic, PS Schultz, DR AF Krstic, PS Schultz, DR BE Mancini, RC Phaneuf, RA TI Atomic and molecular transport processes in a cool hydrogen plasma SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Univ Nevada, Phys Dept, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Nevada DOE EPSCoR, Univ Nevada ID CROSS-SECTIONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; CHARGE-TRANSFER; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; PROTON COLLISIONS; SLOW COLLISIONS; H+; EXCHANGE; MOMENTUM; ENERGIES AB Recent developments concerning the relatively cool and dense divertor region of magnetically confined tokamak fusion plasma devices might play a key role in the realization of useful energy production. Atomic and molecular processes, in turn, critically influence the performance of the divertor. In particular, charge transfer from vibrationally excited hydrogen molecules as well as elastic processes and charge transfer between various ground state hydrogen species (ions, atoms and molecules, in isotopic combinations) could be of critical importance for the momentum transport mechanisms and charge balance in this region. We show here the benchmarking results of our fully quantal calculations for a great number of the relevant processes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-976-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 547 BP 53 EP 65 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR49V UT WOS:000166658200005 ER PT S AU Heeter, RF Bailey, JE Cuneo, ME Emig, J Foord, ME Springer, PT Thoe, RS AF Heeter, RF Bailey, JE Cuneo, ME Emig, J Foord, ME Springer, PT Thoe, RS BE Mancini, RC Phaneuf, RA TI X-ray spectroscopy of astrophysically-relevant photoionized iron plasmas at Z SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Univ Nevada, Phys Dept, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Nevada DOE EPSCoR, Univ Nevada AB In order to provide benchmark data for models used to interpret X-ray astronomy data from newly-launched orbital telescopes such as Chandra, Ne have used 120 TW 180 eV pinch plasmas on the Sandia Z facility to drive iron foils into X-ray photoionized equilibrium. The experiment was designed to achieve photoionization parameters characteristic of accretion-powered objects such as X-ray binaries (neutron stars) and active galactic nuclei (black holes). These objects comprise roughly half of observd X-ray sources, but the interpretation of their spectra is difficult: state-of-the-art models for photoionized iron plasmas do not yet agree on the expected ionization balance. In our initial experiments the foil samples consisted of 200 Angstrom of iron codeposited with 300 Angstrom of sodium fluoride and sandwiched between two 1000 Angstrom lasers of Lexan (CH and O). We characterized the pinch spectrum, temperature, power and uniformity and qualified it as a photoionization driver. We obtained time-integrated absorption spectra for the foil from 8 to 18 Angstrom and identified spectral lines from O VIII, F IX, Na X and XI, and Fe XVII and XVIII, i.e. neon-line and fluorine-like iron. Time-resolved absorption and emission spectra for the foils were also obtained from 12.5 to 16 Angstrom and hydrogen-like F and neon-like and fluorine-like Fe were again observed in the 2 ns time window of interest. In subsequent ridealong experiments we have developed a density diagnostic and measured the density via foil-expansion imaging at two locations. We conclude by discussing upcoming experiments at 2 in which we plan to obtain a full data set of plasma density temperature, and absorption and emisssion spectra for multiple photoionization equilibria. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heeter, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-976-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 547 BP 94 EP 105 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR49V UT WOS:000166658200008 ER PT S AU Back, CA Grun, J Decker, CD Davis, J Laming, JM Feldman, U Suter, LJ Landen, OL Miller, M Serduke, F Wuest, C AF Back, CA Grun, J Decker, CD Davis, J Laming, JM Feldman, U Suter, LJ Landen, OL Miller, M Serduke, F Wuest, C BE Mancini, RC Phaneuf, RA TI X-ray sources generated from gas-filled laser-heated targets SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Univ Nevada, Phys Dept, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Nevada DOE EPSCoR, Univ Nevada ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; EMISSION; CONVERSION; ABLATION; SPECTRA; PLASMAS; LIGHT AB The X-ray sources in the 4-7 keV energy regime can be produced by laser-irradiating high-Z gas-filled targets with high-powered lasers. A series of experiments have been performed using underdense targets that are supersonically heated with similar to 35 kJ of 0.35 mum laser light. These targets were cylindrical Be enclosures that were filled with 1-2 atms of Xe gas. L-shell x-ray emission is emitted from the plasma and detected by Bragg crystal spectrometers and x-ray diodes. Absolute flux measurements show conversion efficiencies of similar to 10% in the multi-kilovolt x-ray emission. These sources can be used as bright x-ray backlighters or for material testing. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Back, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-21,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM back2@llnl.gov; davisj@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-976-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 547 BP 109 EP 120 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR49V UT WOS:000166658200009 ER PT S AU Fournier, KB Foord, ME Wilson, BG Glenzer, SH Wong, KL Thoe, RS Beiersdorfer, P Springer, PT AF Fournier, KB Foord, ME Wilson, BG Glenzer, SH Wong, KL Thoe, RS Beiersdorfer, P Springer, PT BE Mancini, RC Phaneuf, RA TI Using high resolution X-ray spectroscopy of laser and EBIT plasma sources to test atomic models SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Univ Nevada, Phys Dept, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Nevada DOE EPSCoR, Univ Nevada ID COMPLEX SPECTRA; CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON AB Understanding of the formation and dynamics of non-LTE plasmas is crucial to inertial and magnetic fusion energy research as well as astrophysical research. The intrinsic complexity of non-LTE systems at high density and the remote nature of x-ray emitting astrophysical plasmas present stringent challenges to our models. Confidence in our atomic kinetics models is gained through comparisons with experimental data from plasmas that are well diagnosed by techniques that are independent of spectroscopic models. To this end experiments with Au foils buried in Be targets have been designed to achieve steady-state, gradient free conditions on the Nova laser. Simulations of the experiments that use detailed atomic kinetics models have shown good agreement with measured x-ray spectra. Large sets of data and many detailed processes are included in these models; issues involving satellite configurations, accuracy of dielectronic recombination rates and non-zero optical depths for resonant lines have to be addressed. To test the detailed atomic data used in the models, experiments have been carried out on an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). The EBIT experiments measure directly the contribution of collisional excitation, dielectronic recombination and radiative recombination to the observed x-ray lines. Good agreement is found between the EBIT spectra and the HULLAC data used to interpret the Nova buried layer experiments. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fournier, KB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-41, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-976-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 547 BP 203 EP 216 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR49V UT WOS:000166658200017 ER PT J AU Rose, JH Shore, HB AF Rose, JH Shore, HB TI Valence of the elemental transition metals SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th NCTP Workshop on Nanostructures and Quantum Confinements CY NOV 30-DEC 08, 1998 CL AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV, CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Natl Univ HO AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV ID UNIFORM ELECTRON-GAS; SURFACE-TENSION; IDEAL METALS; SOLID METALS; ENERGIES; DENSITY; MODEL AB We propose that the recently introduced bonding valence is the appropriate valence for describing the gross energetics of the elemental transition metals. In support of this proposal, we show that the trends in the experimental cohesive energies, surface energies and melting points of the noble and transition metals are simple linear functions of the bonding valence. The trends in the cohesive energies of the elemental transition metals are given by 2.45Z(B)-3.47 eV, where Z(B) is the bonding valence. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Rose, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9506 J9 AUST J PHYS JI Aust. J. Phys. PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 167 EP 177 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 279PM UT WOS:000085054400012 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, JLV AF Lewandowski, JLV TI Hybrid model for drift waves in fully three-dimensional plasmas: Theory and applications SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT MODE; LOCAL MAGNETIC SHEAR; STELLARATOR GEOMETRY; DRIVEN TURBULENCE; BALLOONING INSTABILITIES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; FLUID EQUATIONS; ION AB A novel fluid/gyro-kinetic hybrid model to study drift waves in low-pressure stellarator plasmas is presented. The ion population is modeled with the collisionless gyro-kinetic equation and the electron population is described using fluid equations. The model equations are written in straight-field-line coordinates and are valid for any magnetic configuration with closed, nested magnetic surfaces. The geometrical erects which enter the final eigenmode equations are derived and discussed in some detail. The numerical method used to solve the coupled, time-dependent, along-the-field-line equations is described. The geometrical erects are discussed in some detail. Numerical calculations are carried out for a three-field period toroidal heliac with small global magnetic shear. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, RSPhySE, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Lewandowski, JLV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9506 J9 AUST J PHYS JI Aust. J. Phys. PY 2000 VL 53 IS 2 BP 259 EP 287 PG 29 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 288JE UT WOS:000085559000006 ER PT J AU Deb, PK Amos, K Karataglidis, S AF Deb, PK Amos, K Karataglidis, S TI Microscopic model analyses of the elastic scattering of 25, 30 and 40 MeV protons from targets of diverse mass SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED PROTONS; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; ENERGIES; LI-6,LI-7; NUCLEI; SHELL AB An extensive survey and analysis of cross-section and analysing power data from proton elastic scattering at energies 25 to 40 MeV is presented. The data are compared with predictions obtained from a full folding specification of the proton nucleus optical potentials. Isotope and energy variation of the data is explained. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Deb, PK (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9506 J9 AUST J PHYS JI Aust. J. Phys. PY 2000 VL 53 IS 6 BP 767 EP 784 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 425RE UT WOS:000168304800003 ER PT J AU Martin, MJ Farage, PK Humphries, SW Long, SP AF Martin, MJ Farage, PK Humphries, SW Long, SP TI Can the stomatal changes caused by acute ozone exposure be predicted by changes occurring in the mesophyll? A simplification for models of vegetation response to the global increase in tropospheric elevated ozone episodes SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute exposure; mechanistic model; ozone; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; V-cmax; wheat ID CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; SPRING WHEAT; AMBIENT AIR; CO2; PLANTS; LEAVES; PRODUCTIVITY; YIELD AB The prediction of complex interactive effects of rising concentrations of ozone and CO2 on vegetation will require robust models based on mechanistic understanding of how these two gases affect photosynthesis. This paper describes the development of a model of acute ozone exposure effects on wheat leaf photosynthesis, based on the mechanism of reactive oxygen scavenging processes. Based on experimental data, the dose of ozone to the leaf above a threshold flux, here termed the effective ozone dose, was found to be linearly related to the decline in the in vivo maximum rate of carboxylation. The proposed mechanism is that ozone damage to the photosynthetic apparatus will only occur above a critical rate of ozone delivery. By combining the model of the response of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-saturated and limited photosynthesis to ozone exposure with both a mechanistic biochemical model of leaf photosynthesis and a phenomenological model of stomatal conductance, it was possible to investigate the degree of dependency of ozone-induced stomatal closure on changes in the mesophyll. The stomatal conductance of the model simulation compared well with the magnitude of measured stomatal closure. The results indicate that the stomatal changes caused by acute ozone exposure can be predicted from changes in the mesophyll rather than directly on the stomata. The findings that the effects of ozone on photosynthesis can be predicted by an effective ozone dose to the leaf, and that the resulting reduction in CO2 assimilation rate can, in turn, predict stomatal closure, greatly simplifies modelling the effects of elevated concentrations of ozone and CO2 on wheat photosynthesis. Future work should determine whether the model can be adapted to predict chronic ozone exposure effects on photosynthesis, and whether it can be applied to other species by adjusting the values of threshold flux, related to the maximum scavenging capacity within the leaf, and the ozone slope coefficient, representing the inherent sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus to ozone. C1 Univ Essex, John Tabor Labs, Dept Biol Sci, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci & Plant Ecol, Edward R Madigan Lab 190, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), Univ Essex, John Tabor Labs, Dept Biol Sci, Wivenhoe Pk, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 47 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 12 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 2000 VL 27 IS 3 BP 211 EP 219 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 300HC UT WOS:000086246200004 ER PT J AU Savitch, LV Massacci, A Gray, GR Huner, NPA AF Savitch, LV Massacci, A Gray, GR Huner, NPA TI Acclimation to low temperature or high light mitigates sensitivity to photoinhibition: roles of the Calvin cycle and the Mehler reaction SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; light; photoinhibition; temperature; Triticum aestivum L. ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; MALATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS TOLERANCE; GROWN WHEAT LEAVES; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; WINTER-WHEAT; OXYGEN REDUCTION; FLOW AB Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L cv. Monopol) plants grown under either control (20 degrees C, 250 PFD), low temperature (5 degrees C, 250 PFD) or high light conditions (20 degrees C, 800 PFD) were compared in order to assess the roles of the Calvin cycle and the Mehler reaction in the differential sensitivity to chronic photoinhibition. Despite similar photosynthetic responses to irradiance, the partial pressure of CO2 [p(CO2)] and photoinhibition, photosynthetic acclimation to cold temperature appears to be quite distinct from acclimation to high light. First, the lower ratio of Rubisco oxygenation/Rubisco carboxylation and the reduced effects of p(CO2) on number of electrons per mole of CO2 fixed in cold-acclimated compared to high light-grown wheat indicate that photorespiration is differentially suppressed in cold-acclimated Monopol. Second, inhibition of the Calvin cycle by glyceraldehyde during photoinhibition indicated that the sensitivity of high light-acclimated Monopol to photoinhibition was more dependent on Rubisco activity than the sensitivity of cold-acclimated plants to photoinhibition. Third, cold-acclimated Monopol exhibited higher electron transport rates in the presence of either ambient CO2, 2 kPa O-2 or N-2, 2 kPa O-2 (either 77% or 68%, respectively) relative to controls compared to high light-acclimated plants exposed to similar gaseous environments (either 57% or 38%, respectively). Last, the activation state of NADP-malate dehydrogenase indicated that the stroma is highly reduced during cold acclimation relative to either controls or high light-grown Monopol. Thus, in cold-acclimated wheat, the Mehler reaction appears to play an important role while photorespiration plays a minimal role in mitigating the sensitivity to photoinhibition. In contrast, both photorespiration and the Mehler reaction appear to mitigate the sensitivity to photoinhibition in high light-grown Monopol. This is consistent with the differential sensitivity to methylviologen and the differential SOD activity observed between cold-acclimated and high light-grown Monopol. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Plant Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. CNR, Ist Biochim & Ecofisiol Vegetali, I-00016 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy. Michigan State Univ, DOE Plat Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Huner, NPA (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Plant Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. NR 67 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 16 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 2000 VL 27 IS 3 BP 253 EP 264 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 300HC UT WOS:000086246200009 ER PT S AU McCune, W Shumsky, O AF McCune, W Shumsky, O BE Mcallester, D TI System description: IVY SO AUTOMATED DEDUCTION - CADE-17 SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Automated Deduction (CADE-17) CY JUN 17-20, 2000 CL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBERGH, PENNSYLVANIA HO CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV AB IVY is a verified theorem prover for first-order logic with equality. It is coded in ACL2, and it makes calls to the theorem prover Otter to search for proofs and to the program MACE to search for countermodels. Verifications of Otter and MACE are not practical because they are coded in C. Instead, Otter and MACE give detailed proofs and models that are checked by verified ACL2 programs. In addition, the initial conversion to clause form is done by verified ACL2 code. The verification is done with respect to finite interpretations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP McCune, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67664-3 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2000 VL 1831 BP 401 EP 405 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BR52Z UT WOS:000166717300030 ER PT J AU Touzet, CF AF Touzet, CF TI Robot awareness in cooperative mobile robot learning SO AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS LA English DT Article DE cooperative robotics; cooperative learning; robot awareness; CMOMMT; lazy reinforcement learning ID REINFORCEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Most of the straight-forward learning approaches in cooperative robotics imply for each learning robot a state space growth exponential in the number of team members. To remedy the exponentially large state space, we propose to investigate a less demanding cooperation mechanism-i.e., various levels of awareness-instead of communication. We define awareness as the perception of other robots locations and actions. We recognize four different levels (or degrees) of awareness which imply different amounts of additional information and therefore have different impacts on the search space size (Theta(0), Theta(1), Theta(N), o(N),(1) where N is the number of robots in the team). There are trivial arguments in favor of avoiding binding the increase of the search space size to the number of team members. We advocate that, by studying the maximum number of neighbor robots in the application context, it is possible to tune the parameters associated with a Theta(1) increase of the search space size and allow good learning performance. We use the cooperative multi-robot observation of multiple moving targets (CMOMMT) application to illustrate our method. We verify that awareness allows cooperation, that cooperation shows better performance than a purely collective behavior and that learned cooperation shows better results than learned collective behavior. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Touzet, CF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5593 J9 AUTON ROBOT JI Auton. Robot. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 8 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1023/A:1008945119734 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 281LK UT WOS:000085161600007 ER PT S AU Barnes, T AF Barnes, T BE Barnes, T Morsch, HP TI Hybrid baryons, a brief review SO BARYON EXCITATIONS SE SCHRIFTEN DES FORSCHUNGSZENTRUMS JULICH REIHE MATERIE UND MATERIAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT COSY Workshop on Baryon Excitations CY MAY 02-03, 2000 CL INST KERNPHY, FORSCH ZENT JULICH GMBH, JULICH, GERMANY SP COSY HO INST KERNPHY, FORSCH ZENT JULICH GMBH ID QCD SUM-RULES; 18 GEV/C; HERMAPHRODITE BARYONS; MESON PRODUCTION; STATE; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PHOTOPRODUCTION; ANNIHILATION; SIGNATURES; RESONANCE AB This contribution is a brief review of the status of hybrid baryons, which are hypothetical baryons that incorporate a gluonic excitation. We first summarize the status of hybrid mesons since this closely related topic has seen considerable recent activity, with the identification of two exotic candidates. Next we review theoretical expectations for the masses and quantum numbers of hybrid baryons, which have come from studies of the bag model, QCD sum rules and the flux tube model. Finally hybrid baryon experiment is discussed, including suggestions for experimenters at COSY. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH PI JULICH PA CENT LIB, 52425 JULICH, GERMANY SN 1433-5506 BN 3-89336-273-8 J9 SCHR FORSCH ZENT JUL PY 2000 VL 6 BP 121 EP 131 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU40A UT WOS:000175892100012 ER PT S AU Geesaman, DF AF Geesaman, DF BE Donnelly, TW Turchinetz, W TI Overview of nuclear structure with electrons SO BATES 25: CELEBRATING 25 YEARS OF BEAM TO EXPERIMENT SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Celebrating 25 Years of Beam to Experiment CY NOV 03-05, 1999 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Amer Sci & Engn, Bartoszek Engn, Clute Co, CML Engn Sales Inc, CPI Commun & Power, LeCroy Corp, DEL Electr, Diversified Technol, Everson Elect Co, Litton Electron Devices, MDC Vacuum Prod Corp, Stephen A Stickney & Sons, Total Temp Control Inc, VAT Inc ID SCATTERING; STRENGTH; SYSTEM AB Following a broad summary of our view of nuclear structure in 1974, I will discuss the key elements we have learned in the past 25 years from the research at the M.I.T. Bates Linear Accelerator Center and its sister electron accelerator laboratories. Electron scattering has provided the essential measurements for most of our progress. The future is bright for nuclear structure research as our ability to realistically calculate nuclear structure observables has dramatically advanced and we are increasingly able to incorporate an understanding of quantum chromodynamics into our picture of the nucleus. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Geesaman, DF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-949-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 520 BP 5 EP 19 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BQ50D UT WOS:000088535600001 ER PT S AU Friar, JL AF Friar, JL BE Donnelly, TW Turchinetz, W TI Twenty-five years of progress in the three-nucleon problem SO BATES 25: CELEBRATING 25 YEARS OF BEAM TO EXPERIMENT SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Celebrating 25 Years of Beam to Experiment CY NOV 03-05, 1999 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Amer Sci & Engn, Bartoszek Engn, Clute Co, CML Engn Sales Inc, CPI Commun & Power, LeCroy Corp, DEL Electr, Diversified Technol, Everson Elect Co, Litton Electron Devices, MDC Vacuum Prod Corp, Stephen A Stickney & Sons, Total Temp Control Inc, VAT Inc ID PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; MAGNETIC FORM-FACTOR; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; POLARIZED ELECTRONS; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; 3-NUCLEON FORCE; 2-PION EXCHANGE; CROSS-SECTION; HE-3; SYSTEMS AB Twenty-five years ago the International Few-Body Conference was held in Quebec City. It became very clear at that meeting that the theoretical situation concerning the He-3 and H-3 ground states was confused. A lack of computational power prevented converged brute-force solutions of the Faddeev or Schrodinger equations, both for bound and continuum states of the three-nucleon systems. Pushed by experimental programs at Bates and elsewhere and facilitated by the rapid growth of computational power, converged solutions were finally achieved about a decade later. Twenty-five years ago the first three-nucleon force based on chiral-symmetry considerations was produced. Since then this symmetry has been our guiding principle in constructing three-nucleon forces and, more recently, nucleon-nucleon forces. We are finally nearing an understanding of the common ingredients used in constructing both types of forces. I will discuss these and other issues involving the few-nucleon systems and attempt to define the current state-of-the-art. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Friar, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-949-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 520 BP 168 EP 180 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BQ50D UT WOS:000088535600012 ER PT S AU de Jager, K AF de Jager, K BE Donnelly, TW Turchinetz, W TI Nucleon electromagnetic form factors SO BATES 25: CELEBRATING 25 YEARS OF BEAM TO EXPERIMENT SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Celebrating 25 Years of Beam to Experiment CY NOV 03-05, 1999 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Amer Sci & Engn, Bartoszek Engn, Clute Co, CML Engn Sales Inc, CPI Commun & Power, LeCroy Corp, DEL Electr, Diversified Technol, Everson Elect Co, Litton Electron Devices, MDC Vacuum Prod Corp, Stephen A Stickney & Sons, Total Temp Control Inc, VAT Inc ID QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING; POLARIZED ELECTRONS; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; QUARK-MODEL; NEUTRON; HE-3; (GEV/C)2; DEUTERON AB A review of data on the nucleon electromagnetic form factors in the space-like region is presented. Recent results from experiments using polarized beams and polarized targets or nucleon recoil polarimeters have yielded a significant improvement on the precision of the data obtained with the traditional Rosenbluth separation. Future plans for extended measurements are outlined. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP de Jager, K (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-949-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 520 BP 225 EP 236 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BQ50D UT WOS:000088535600016 ER PT S AU Safranek, JA AF Safranek, JA BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Beam-based accelerator modeling and control SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB Beam position measurements can be used to precisely calibrate accelerator optics as well as calibrate the beam position monitors themselves. Beam-based alignment techniques are essential with short wavelength FELs for aligning quadrupoles, calibrating BPM offsets, and achieving tight tolerances on the electron trajectory. Model independent analysis of pulse by pulse trajectories can locate error sources in linear accelerators. Turn-by-turn BPM measurements of betatron oscillations in storage rings provide a precise diagnostic of linear optics-both uncoupled and coupled. Analysis of the measured orbit response matrix is another powerful technique for debugging and correcting storage ring optics and coupling. This tutorial will give an introduction to these various beam-based techniques. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Safranek, JA (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 23 EP 35 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700002 ER PT S AU Webber, RC AF Webber, RC BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Tutorial on beam current monitoring SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB This paper is a tutorial level review covering a wide range of aspects related to charged particle beam current measurement. The tutorial begins with a look at the characteristics of the beam as a signal source, the associated electromagnetic fields, the influence of the typical accelerator environment on those fields, and the usual means of modifying and controlling that environment to facilitate beam current measurement. Short descriptions of three quite different types of current monitors are presented and a quantitative review of the classical transformer circuit is given. Recognizing that environmental noise pick-up may present a large source of error in quantitative measurements, signal handling considerations are given considerable attention using real-life examples. An example of a successful transport line beam current monitor implementation is presented and the tutorial concludes with a few comments about signal processing and current monitor calibration issues. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Webber, RC (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 83 EP 104 PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700005 ER PT S AU Foster, GW AF Foster, GW BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Instrumentation concepts for the very large hadron collider (VLHC) SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB Instrumentation concepts for the Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC) are discussed. Different design concepts for the VLHC result in substantially different instrumentation layouts. High field, cold bore magnets have instrumentation requirements very similar to the SSC and LHC. In contrast, the low field warm bore "transmission line" magnets have very sparse instrumentation and the long magnet length allows the cable plant to be preinstalled on the magnets. Specialized beam instrumentation concepts including permanently sealed semi-rigid coax BLMs and distributed coupled-bunch damping systems are discussed. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Foster, GW (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 124 EP 131 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700007 ER PT S AU Ross, M AF Ross, M BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Linear collider diagnostics SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci ID MONITORS AB Each major step towards higher energy particle accelerators relies on new technology. Linear colliders require beams of unprecedented brightness and stability. Instrumentation and control technology is the single most critical tool that enables linear colliders to extend our energy reach. In this paper we focus on the most challenging aspects of linear collider instrumentation systems. In the Next Linear Collider (NLC), high brightness multibunch e(+)/e(-) beams, with L(+/-) =10(12) particles/pulse and sigma (x,y) similar to 50 x 5 mum, originate in damping rings and are subsequently accelerated to several hundred GeV in 2 X-band 11424 MHz linacs from which they emerge with typical sigma (x),(y), similar to7 x 1 mum. Following a high power collimation section the e(+)/e(-) beams are focused to sigma (x),(y) similar to 300 x 5 nm at the interaction point. In this paper we will review the beam intensity, position and profile monitors (x, y, z), mechanical vibration sensing and stabilization systems, long baseline RF distribution systems and beam collimation hardware. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM mcrec@slac.stanford.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 147 EP 163 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700009 ER PT S AU Wang, XJ AF Wang, XJ BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Single-pass high-gain free electron laser electron beam diagnostics SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci ID BUNCH LENGTH; EMITTANCE; RADIATION; FEL; GUN AB Consensus reached in the last few years that fourth generation light source will most likely be a X-ray or a UV coherent source based on single-pass high-gain free electron laser (FEL), such as Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE), or seeded high-gain harmonic-generation (HGHG) free electron lasers. High-gain (>10(7))required for single-pass FEL puts great constrain on the quality of electron beam, and demands detailed distribution information of electron beam in six-dimension. The typical accelerator system for single-pass FEL consists of a photocathode RF gun injection system, a Linac and magnetic bunch compressors, and a long undulator. The major challenges in beam diagnostics for single-pass FEL are to characterize the pico-seconds high-brightness electron beam in six-dimension produced by photocathode RF gun injector, and improve the stability and reliability of the photocathode RF gun injection system. Characterization of short electron bunch (-100 fs) produced by the compressors, and co-align the electron beam with FEL radiation inside long undulator are also critical for FEL performance. We will discuss many diagnostic techniques developed at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) for the photocathode RF gun injection system, present several techniques for femto-seconds bunch length measurement, especially RF kicker cavity. Tomography technique for both transverse and longitudinal phase space measurements is discussed. Concept of multiple alignment-laser stations is present for beam alignment in the long undulator. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 164 EP 185 PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700010 ER PT S AU Fisher, AS Petree, M Bong, EL AF Fisher, AS Petree, M Bong, EL BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI A synchrotron-light interferometer for PEP-II SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB Transverse profile measurements in PEP-II, by imaging visible synchrotron emission from dipoles in the two rings, are broadened by surface errors on the primary extraction mirrors, due to the complex design to tolerate high beam currents. To improve vertical beam-size measurements, we recently installed a synchrotron-light interferometer, based on the concept of Mitsuhashi at KER. In a two-slit interferometer, single-slit fringes are modulated by interference between the slits. partial coherence decreases the modulation depth as the size of the emitting source increases, providing a sensitive measure of beam size. Because the slits pass light from two stripes along the minor, we can select the better parts of the surface. In addition, segments of these stripes can be chosen by imaging the mirror onto the camera with a cylindrical lens, in the direction perpendicular to the fringe modulation. The interferometer is on the low-energy ring, 30 m from the BABAR detector, where the beam ellipse is tilted by 10 degrees as we compensate for rotation in BABAR's solenoid. Our design rotates the interferometer to measure the beam tilt. Ail optics are in the PEP tunnel and allow remote adjustment of the focusing, slit width and separation. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Fisher, AS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 200 EP 208 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700012 ER PT S AU Teytelman, D Fox, J Prabhakar, S Byrd, J Stover, G Drago, A Serio, M AF Teytelman, D Fox, J Prabhakar, S Byrd, J Stover, G Drago, A Serio, M BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Design and implementation of IIR algorithms for control of longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The recent installation of third-harmonic RF cavities at the Advanced Light Source has raised instability growth rates, and also caused tune shifts (coherent and incoherent) of more than an octave over the required range of beam currents and energies. The larger growth rates and tune shifts have rendered control by the original bandpass FIR feedback algorithms unreliable. In this paper we describe an implementation of an IIR feedback algorithm offering more flexible response tailoring. A cascade of up to 6 second-order IIR sections (12 poles and 12 zeros) was implemented in the DSPs of the longitudinal feedback system. Filter design has been formulated as an optimization problem and solved using constrained optimization methods. These IIR filters provided 2.4 times the control bandwidth as compared to the original FIR designs. Here we demonstrate the performance of the designed filters using transient diagnostic measurements from ALS and DA Phi NE. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Teytelman, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 218 EP 225 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700014 ER PT S AU Fox, J Prabhakar, S Teytelman, D Young, A Stover, G Drago, A Serio, M Khan, S Knuth, T Kim, Y Park, M AF Fox, J Prabhakar, S Teytelman, D Young, A Stover, G Drago, A Serio, M Khan, S Knuth, T Kim, Y Park, M BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Programmable DSP-based multi-bunch feedback - Operational experience from six installations SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB A longitudinal instability control system, originally developed for the PEP-II, DA Phi NE and ALS machines has in the last two years been commissioned for use at the PLS and BESSY-II light sources. All of the installations are running identical hardware and use a common software distribution package. This common structure is beneficial in sharing expertise among the labs, and allows rapid commissioning of each new installation based on well-understood diagnostic and operational techniques. While the installations share the common instability control system, there are significant differences in machine dynamics between the various colliders and light sources. These differences require careful specification of the feedback algorithm and system configuration at each installation to achieve good instability control and useful operational margins. This paper highlights some of the operational experience at each installation, using measurements from each facility to illustrate the challenges unique to each machine. Our experience on the opportunities and headaches of sharing development and operational expertise among labs on three continents is also offered. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Fox, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 226 EP 233 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700015 ER PT S AU Yang, BX Borland, M Emery, L AF Yang, BX Borland, M Emery, L BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI High accuracy momentum compaction measurement for the APS storage ring with undulator radiation SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB We developed a new technique to measure the electron beam energy centroid and spread. It fakes advantage of a sharp feature in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) diagnostics undulator spectrum, the dropoff in the angle-integrated flux near its fundamental photon energy. The measurement technique has a high resolution and is nearly independent of the storage ring lattice functions. In this work, we present the results of electron beam energy measurements as a function of rf frequency and obtain the momentum compaction factor of the APS storage ring to he 2.27 +/- 0.03x10(-4), in good agreement with theoretical value of 2.285x10(-4), We will also discuss methods to further reduce experimental errors, making the technique potentially the most accurate one for measuring momentum compaction factors of a storage ring. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. RP Yang, BX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 234 EP 241 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700016 ER PT S AU Barr, D Day, L Gilpatrick, JD Kasemir, KU Martinez, D Power, JF Shurter, R Stettler, M AF Barr, D Day, L Gilpatrick, JD Kasemir, KU Martinez, D Power, JF Shurter, R Stettler, M BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI LEDA beam diagnostics instrumentation: Beam current measurement SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) facility located at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) accelerates protons to an energy of 6.7 MeV and current of 100 mA operating in either a pulsed or cw mode. Two types of current measurements are used. The first is an AC or pulsed-current measurement which uses three LANL built toroids. They are placed in the beamline in such a way as to measure important transmission parameters and act as a differential current-loss machine protection system. The second system is a DC current measurement used to measure cw beam characteristics and uses toroids from Bergoz Inc. There are two of these systems, so they can also be used for transmission measurements. The AC system uses custom processing electronics whereas the DC system uses a modified Bergoz((R)) electronics system. Both systems feature data acquisition via a series of custom TMS320C40 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) boards. Of special interest to this paper is the operation of these systems, the calibration technique, the differential current loss measurements and fast-protection processing, current droop characteristics for the AC system, and existing system noise levels. This paper will also cover the DSP system operations and their interaction with the main accelerator control system. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barr, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 242 EP 250 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700017 ER PT S AU Powers, T Flood, R Hovater, C Musson, J AF Powers, T Flood, R Hovater, C Musson, J BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Two applications of direct digital down converters in beam diagnostics SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The technologies of direct digital down converters, digital frequency synthesis, and digital signal processing are being used in many commercial applications. Because of this commercialization, the component costs are being reduced to the point where they are economically viable for large scale accelerator applications. This paper will discuss two applications of these technologies to beam diagnostics. In the first application the combination of direct digital frequency synthesis and direct digital down converters are coupled with digital signal processor technology in order to maintain the stable gain environment required for a multi-electrode beam position monitoring system. This is done by injecting a CW reference signal into the electronics as part of the front-end circuitry. In the second application direct digital down converters are used to provide a novel approach to the measurement of beam intensity using cavity current monitors. In this system a pair of reference signals are injected into the cavity through an auxiliary port. The beam current is then calculated as the ratio of the beam signal divided by the average of the magnitude; of the two reference signals. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Powers, T (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 275 EP 282 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700021 ER PT S AU Kurennoy, SS AF Kurennoy, SS BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Electromagnetic modeling of beam position and phase monitors for SNS linac SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB Electromagnetic modeling of the beam position monitors (BPMs) for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linac has been performed with MAFIA. The signal amplitudes and phases on the BPM electrodes are computed as functions of the beam transverse position using time-domain 3-D simulations with an ultra-relativistic beam. An analytical model is then applied to extrapolate the results to lower beam velocities. It is shown that while the signal phases on the individual electrodes for an off-axis beam can differ from those for a centered beam by a few degrees, the phase of the summed signal from all electrodes is insensitive to the beam transverse position inside the device. Based on the analysis results, an optimal BPM design with 4 one-end-shorted 60-degree electrodes has been chosen. It provides a very good linearity and sufficient signal power for both position and phase measurements, while satisfying the linac geometrical constrains and mechanical requirements. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, SNS PO, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kurennoy, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, SNS PO, MS H824, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 283 EP 291 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700022 ER PT S AU Jordan, K Evans, R Grippo, A Hill, R AF Jordan, K Evans, R Grippo, A Hill, R BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI A video distribution & analog monitoring system for the jefferson lab FEL SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The Jefferson Lab Infrared Free Electron Laser (IRFEL) has used the 200 MHz, 16 x 16 buffered crosspoint switch, AD8116 to implement video and analog distribution. These switches are configured as 64 inputs x 16 outputs packaged into a rack mount chassis, which is used for both the video and analog systems. These systems are controlled through EPICS. This paper describes how the 256 point matrix is implemented to support the electron beam diagnostics for the FEL as well as support for the user lab video demands. A switcher chassis is also connected to three digital oscilloscopes to provide an Analog Monitoring System (AMS). The scopes are in turn connected to the video switcher using a VGA to video adapter. The analog signals can then be viewed on any color monitor connected to the video system. The video switcher feeds a 16 channel 1:4 video distribution amplifier and to a "video-to-fiber" transmitter. All of the 128 video and 128 analog channels are available locally in the FEL building and remotely at the CEBAF main control center. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Jordan, K (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Av, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 292 EP 299 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700023 ER PT S AU Aleksandrov, AV AF Aleksandrov, AV BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Time resolving beam position measurement and analysis of beam unstable movement in PSR SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB Precise measurement of beam centroid movement is very important for understanding the fast transverse instability in the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring (PSR). Proton bunch in the PSR is long thus different parts of the bunch can have different betatron phase and move differently therefore time resolving position measurement is needed. Wide band strip line BPM can be adequate if proper processing algorithm is used. In this work we present the results of the analysis of unstable transverse beam motion using time resolving processing algorithm. Suggested algorithm allows to calculate transverse position of different parts of the beam on each turn, then beam centroid movement on successive turns can be developed in series of plane travelling waves in the beam frame of reference thus providing important information on instability development. Some general features of fast transverse instability, unknown before, are discovered. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Aleksandrov, AV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700024 ER PT S AU Thompson, P Bai, M D'Ottavio, T Gassner, D Michnoff, R Russo, T Shea, D Witkover, R AF Thompson, P Bai, M D'Ottavio, T Gassner, D Michnoff, R Russo, T Shea, D Witkover, R BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI RHIC beam loss monitor system commissioning in RHIC Year 0 Run SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The RHIC Loss Monitor System (BLM) was successfully commissioned during the RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) Year 0 Run (summer of 1999). The system consists of 363 argon ionization detectors distributed around the ring. The signals are digitized in a distributed multiplexed ADC system and displayed at a 1 Hz rate in the control room. During the commissioning, the beam loss monitor system was extensively used for first turn beam steering. An impressive example of the capabilities of this system was the ability to locate a thin obstruction to within one magnet length, even though this obstruction transmitted most of the beam. With this information we were able to achieve circulating beam. This paper will discuss the RHIC beam loss monitor system design and testing. The data acquired during the RHIC commissioning run will also be presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Thompson, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 313 EP 321 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700025 ER PT S AU Barr, D Day, L Gilpatrick, JD Kasemir, KU Martinez, D Power, JF Shurter, R Stettler, M AF Barr, D Day, L Gilpatrick, JD Kasemir, KU Martinez, D Power, JF Shurter, R Stettler, M BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI LEDA beam diagnostics instrumentation: Beam position monitors SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) facility located at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) accelerates protons to an energy of 6.7 MeV and current of 100 mA operating in either a pulsed or cw mode. Of key importance to the commissioning and operations effort is the Beam Position Monitor system (BPM). The LEDA BPM system uses five micro-stripline beam position monitors processed by log ratio processing electronics with data acquisition via a series of custom TMS320C40 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) boards. Of special interest to this paper is the operation of the system, the log ratio processing, and the system calibration technique. This paper will also cover the DSP system operations and their interaction with the main accelerator control system. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barr, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 322 EP 329 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700026 ER PT S AU Connolly, R Michnoff, R Moore, T Shea, T Tepikian, S AF Connolly, R Michnoff, R Moore, T Shea, T Tepikian, S BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Beam profile measurements on RHIC SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Lab was commissioned during the summer of 1999. Transverse beam profiles on RHIC are measured with ionization profile monitors (IPMs). An IPM measures beam profiles by collecting the electrons liberated by residual gas ionization by the beam. The detector is placed in the gap of a dipole magnet to force the electrons to travel in straight lines from the beamline center to the collector. One IPM was tested and it measured the profiles of a single gold bunch containing 10(8) ions on consecutive turns. We show an example of one of these profiles giving transverse emittance. Also several profiles are combined into a mountain-range plot which shows betatron oscillations at injection. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Connolly, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 330 EP 335 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700027 ER PT S AU Drees, A Brennan, M Connolly, R Michnoff, R DeLong, J AF Drees, A Brennan, M Connolly, R Michnoff, R DeLong, J BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI ARTUS: The tune measurement system at RHIC SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The super-conducting Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) with two separate rings and six combined interaction regions will provide collisions between equal and unequal heavy ion species up to Au ions in typically 60 bunches. The betatron tunes of the two beams are among the most important parameters to be measured. The tunes have to be acquired at any moment during accelerator operation and in particular during the acceleration process. At RHIC the tune measurement device (ARTUS) consists of a fast horizontal and vertical kicker magnet and a dedicated beam position monitor in each ring. The system layout is described and first experiences from operation is reported. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Drees, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 341 EP 348 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700029 ER PT S AU Frisch, J Brown, DG Cisneros, EL AF Frisch, J Brown, DG Cisneros, EL BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Performance of the prototype NLC PF phase and timing distribution system SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The proposed 1 TeV cm Next Linear Collider accelerator will require phase synchronization throughout its 30 kilometer length. Phase stability of similar to 20 degree X-band (11.424 GHz) long term, and similar to0.3 degrees X-band short term are required. A prototype fiber optic distribution system has been constructed to demonstrate this level of performance. This system operates by measuring the optical round trip time in the fiber, and then controlling the fiber phase length to stabilize this measurement. We describe the design of this system, and show recent results on stability and phase noise. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Frisch, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 365 EP 373 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700032 ER PT S AU Frisch, J Doyle, E Skarpaas, K AF Frisch, J Doyle, E Skarpaas, K BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Advanced collimator prototype results for the NLC SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The Next Linear Collider accelerator will include a large (kilometer scale) and complex collimation system. The size and complexity of this system could be reduced if the collimator jaws could be made immune to damage from the electron beam. We describe two collimation systems currently under development. Construction of a prototype system which uses wheels that can be moved to a new position after damage is underway. The second system, currently in the R+D phase, uses rotors which are continuously reformed from a bath of liquid metal as the collimation surface. This second system allows operation at beam intensities which damage the jaws on every pulse, We describe results of tests on both systems. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Frisch, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 374 EP 382 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700033 ER PT S AU Gassner, D Witkover, R Cameron, P Power, J AF Gassner, D Witkover, R Cameron, P Power, J BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Spallation Neutron Source Beam Loss Monitor system SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The Spallation Neutron Source facility to be built at ORNL is designed to accumulate 2x10(14) protons at 1.0 GeV and deliver them to the experimental target in one bunch at 60 Hz. To achieve this goal and protect the machine from excessive radiation activation, an uncontrolled loss criteria of 1 part in 10(4) (1 W/m) has been specified. Measured losses will be conditioned to provide machine tuning data, a beam abort trigger, and logging of loss history. The design of the distributed loss monitor system utilizing argon-filled glass ionization chambers and scintillator-photomultipliers will be presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. TechSource Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87594 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gassner, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 392 EP 400 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700035 ER PT S AU Gilpatrick, JD Barr, D Bruhn, D Day, LA Kasemir, KU Kamperschroer, JH Ledford, J Lysenko, W Madsen, DW Martinez, DG O'Hara, JF Pieck, M Power, JF Sellyey, W Shurter, RB Stettler, MW AF Gilpatrick, JD Barr, D Bruhn, D Day, LA Kasemir, KU Kamperschroer, JH Ledford, J Lysenko, W Madsen, DW Martinez, DG O'Hara, JF Pieck, M Power, JF Sellyey, W Shurter, RB Stettler, MW BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI LEDA beam diagnostics instrumentation: Measurement comparisons and operational experience SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) facility has been used to characterize the pulsed- and cw-beam performance of a 6.7 MeV, 100 mA radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ). Diagnostic instrumentation, primarily located in a short beam transport downstream of the RFQ, allow facility commissioners and operators to measure and monitor the RFQ's accelerated and total beam transmission, beam loss, bunched beam current, beam energy and output phase, and beam position. Transverse beam profile measurements are acquired under both low and high duty-factor pulsed beam conditions using a slow wire scanner and a camera that images beam-induced fluorescence. The wire scanner is also used to acquire transverse beam emittance information using a technique known as a "quad scan". This paper reviews the measurement performance and discusses the resulting data. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Honeywell, Albuquerque, NM USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Gilpatrick, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 401 EP 409 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700036 ER PT S AU Hardekopf, RA Kurennoy, SS Power, JF Shafer, RE Stovall, JE AF Hardekopf, RA Kurennoy, SS Power, JF Shafer, RE Stovall, JE BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Beam diagnostic suite for the SNS linac SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is the next-generation pulsed neutron source to be built in the United States. The accelerator chosen to produce the 2 MW beam power on the neutron-producing target is an H- linear accelerator (linac) to 1 GeV, followed by a proton accumulator ring. The ring compresses the 1 ms long beam bunches from the linac to less than 1 mus. The linac is pulsed at 60 Hz with a 6% duty factor. Stringent control of the pulse structure and stability of the high-intensity H- beam is needed to minimize beam loss in the linac and to optimize injection into the accumulator ring. This requires a set of beam diagnostics that can operate at high peak currents (similar to 52 mA) with high sensitivity and minimum beam interception. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, SNS PO, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hardekopf, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, SNS PO, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 410 EP 418 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700037 ER PT S AU Hardy, D Chevtsov, P Denard, JC Dickson, R AF Hardy, D Chevtsov, P Denard, JC Dickson, R BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Multivideo source image processing for beam profile monitoring system SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB Some experiments at Jefferson Lab demand tight beam size (approximate to 100 mum) and very low energy spread (< 5 x 10(-5)). These experiments also require simultaneous and continuous monitoring of these quantities. This paper focuses on the development of the image processing aspects of the beam profile monitoring system. A pipelined image processor, Datacube's MaxVideo MV200, calculates beam sizes and positions from two beam profile monitors simultaneously at 10 Hz rate. Multiplexing software in the EPICS environment allows a single digitizer to process several input channels at high speed. This system makes the profile monitors usable for tuning the accelerator, as well as delivering critical information to the end stations. This paper discusses the issues related to the daily operational use of the system. The availability and reliability of the monitoring system became acceptable only after the implementation of programs that automatically setup and periodically check the monitors and digitizer. The system permits additional video channels without significant additional hardware cost. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Hardy, D (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 419 EP 425 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700038 ER PT S AU Hartmann, P Surles-Law, K AF Hartmann, P Surles-Law, K BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Quick and precise beam momentum measurements using a quadrupole lens SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB We have developed a simple push-button method to measure the beam momentum using a quadrupole lens. The statistical error of this method is less than 0.5%. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Hartmann, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12,000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 426 EP 431 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700039 ER PT S AU Huang, HX AF Huang, HX BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI RHIC p-carbon CNI polarimeter SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB A new polarimeter based on proton carbon elastic scattering in the CNI (Coulomb Nuclear Interference) region has been proposed for RHIC and one pC CNI polarimeter has been installed in the blue ring of RHIC. This paper summarizes the design and parameters of this new polarimeter. It is a simple, compact, and cost effective polarimeter. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huang, HX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 440 EP 447 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700041 ER PT S AU Johnson, RG Smith, SR AF Johnson, RG Smith, SR BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Some solved problems with the SLAC PEP-II B-Factory Beam-Position Monitor system SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The Beam-Position Monitor (BPM) system for the SLAG PEP-II B-Factory has been in operation for over two years. Although the BPM system has met all of its specifications, several problems with the system have been identified and solved. The problems include errors and limitations in both the hardware and software. Solutions of such problems have led to improved performance and reliability. In this paper we will report on this experience. The process of identifying problems is not at an end and we expect continued improvement of the BPM system. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94039 USA. RP Johnson, RG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94039 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 448 EP 455 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700042 ER PT S AU Kamperschroer, JH Gilpatrick, JD Gurd, PA Madsen, DW Martinez, DG O'Hara, JF Sage, J Schaefer, TL Shurter, RB Stettler, MW AF Kamperschroer, JH Gilpatrick, JD Gurd, PA Madsen, DW Martinez, DG O'Hara, JF Sage, J Schaefer, TL Shurter, RB Stettler, MW BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Initial operation of the LEDA beam-induced fluorescence diagnostic SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB A diagnostic based on beam-induced fluorescence has been developed and used to examine the expanded beam in the High-Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) section of the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA). The system consists of a camera, a gas injector, a spectrometer, and a control system. Gas is injected to provide a medium for the beam to excite, the camera captures the resulting image of the fluorescing gas, and the spectrometer measures the spectrum of the emitted light. EPICS was used to control the camera and acquire and store images. Data analysis is presently being performed offline. A Kodak DCS420m professional CCD camera is the primary component of the optical system. InterScience, Inc. modified the camera with the addition of a gain of 4000 image intensifier, thereby producing an intensified camera with a sensitivity of -0.5 milli-lux. Light is gathered with a 1 " format, 16-160 mm, Computar zoom lens. This lens is attached to the camera via a Century Precision Optics relay lens. Images obtained using only hydrogen from the beam stop exhibited features not yet understood. Images with good signal-to-noise ratio were obtained with the injection of sufficient nitrogen to raise the HEBT pressure to 2-8x10(-6) torr. Two strong nitrogen lines, believed to be of the first negative group of N-2(+), were identified at 391 and 428 nm. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ARES Corp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Honeywell, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kamperschroer, JH (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 456 EP 463 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700043 ER PT S AU Kesselman, M Witkover, R Doolittle, L Power, J AF Kesselman, M Witkover, R Doolittle, L Power, J BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Project-wide beam current monitors SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB A consortium of national laboratories is constructing the Spallation Neutron Source[1] (SNS) to be installed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. There are signal similarities that exist in the beam diagnostic instrumentation that could permit common designs. This paper will focus on the beam current monitoring requirements, and the methods under consideration to measure beam current in various locations throughout the SNS facility. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. TechSource Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87594 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kesselman, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 464 EP 472 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700044 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH Sereno, NS Decker, GA Rule, DW AF Lumpkin, AH Sereno, NS Decker, GA Rule, DW BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Initial nonintercepting measurements of subpicosecond bunches using coherent diffraction radiation SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB We report initial measurements of the subpicosecond (sub-ps) bunch structure in a 40 MeV linac beam using the autocorrelation of far infrared (FIR) coherent diffraction radiation (CDR). Since the radiation was generated as the charged particles passed through a slit or aperture in a metal screen oriented at 45 degrees to the beam direction, this is a nonintercepting technique. A compact Michelson interferometer was used to obtain the autocorrelation of the backward CDR with a Golay cell used as the FIR-mm wave detector. The longitudinal shape was calculated from the autocorrelation using the minimal phase approximation. A model was developed and used to calculate the CDR spectral emissions. The experimental results, analysis, and model are presented. Complementary measurements were also made with coherent transition radiation (CTR). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 484 EP 492 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700046 ER PT S AU Medvedko, EA Smith, SR AF Medvedko, EA Smith, SR BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI The logarithmic beam position monitor SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB Modern logarithmic amplifiers offer wide dynamic range, high bandwidth, good logarithmic conformance, and low cost making them attractive for beam position measurements. A log-ratio beam position monitor has been designed and built at SLAG for use at the PEP-II B-Factory. An integrated circuit logarithmic amplifier from Analog Devices, the AD8307, recovers the envelope of the 476 MHz harmonic of the beam signal. A log BPM board with two logarithmic and one differential amplifier performs the basic function of forming an output voltage proportional to the difference of the logarithms of the signal amplitudes on opposite electrodes. This voltage is approximately linear with beam position. For this application, we have limited the video bandwidth of the log amps to 50 kHz in order to remove fill pattern dependence. The log BPM board has an interface for testing and simulating beam offsets. The log BPMs were developed for a PEP-II ring protection chassis. Here the log BPMs function to identify dangerous orbit excursions. These excursions are signaled to a system, which can dump the beam. Two such chassis serve to protect the PEP-II rings. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Medvedko, EA (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 503 EP 509 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700048 ER PT S AU O'Hara, JF Gilpatrick, JD Day, LA Kamperschroer, JH Madsen, DW AF O'Hara, JF Gilpatrick, JD Day, LA Kamperschroer, JH Madsen, DW BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Slow wire scanner beam profile measurement for LEDA SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA), located at Los Alamos National Laboratory, utilizes a slow wire scanner to measure beam profiles. The beam energy is 6.7 MeV and the peak current is 100 mA. This wire scanner profile measurement is located in the High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) section of the LEDA beam line. This section of beam line is used to expand the proton beam coming out of the LEDA Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) prior to impacting the beam-stop. The purpose of the scanner is to provide horizontal and vertical beam profiles. The wires or fibers are a Silicon Carbide (SiC) material, and are attached to an actuator driven by a stepping motor. The actuator drives the fibers through the beam in incremental steps. At each step, the amount of secondary electrons generated by the interactions of the proton beam and the wire are measured. From these incremental measurements the beam profile is constructed. This paper will discuss the operation of the scanner, two of the experiments conducted to understand the capability of the SiC wire to survive and some of the different uses of the beam profile data acquired during the ongoing commissioning of LEDA. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Honeywell, LANSCE 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP O'Hara, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Honeywell, LANSCE 1, MS-H817, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 510 EP 518 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700049 ER PT S AU Pietryla, AF Decker, GA AF Pietryla, AF Decker, GA BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Design of the beam shut-off current monitor upgrade for the advanced photon source SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB Plans to eliminate the positron accumulator ring (PAR) from the Advanced Photon Source (APS) injector complex have created the need for a device to limit the allowable beam charge injected into the APS injector synchrotron. The beam shut-off current monitor (BESOCM) was chosen to provide this function. This new application of the BESOCM provided the opportunity to explore new design philosophies. Two design goals were to de-emphasize reliance on external signals and to become insensitive to timing variations. Both of these goals were accomplished by deriving the trigger directly from the beam. This paper will discuss the features of the new BESOCM design and present data demonstrating its function. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pietryla, AF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 527 EP 534 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700051 ER PT S AU Power, JF Barr, D Gilpatrick, JD Kasemir, K Shurter, RB Stettler, M AF Power, JF Barr, D Gilpatrick, JD Kasemir, K Shurter, RB Stettler, M BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Performance of the beam phase measurement system for LEDA SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) facility diagnostics include beam phase measurements [1]. Beam signals at 350 MHz from capacitive probes are down-converted to 2 MHz for processing. The phase measurement process includes amplitude leveling, digital sampling of the I and Q vectors, DSP filtering and calibration, and serving of the data to the network. All hardware is fielded in the VXI format and controlled with a PC. Running under Windows NT, a LabVIEW(R) program controls the operation of the system and serves the data, via channel access, to the EPICS control system. The design and operational performance to date of the system is described. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Power, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS H808, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 535 EP 540 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700052 ER PT S AU Powers, T AF Powers, T BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Effects of intensity and position modulation on switched electrode electronics beam position monitor systems at Jefferson Lab SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB Two types of switched electrode electronics beam position monitors are in use at Jefferson Lab. Together they provide accurate beam position to the control system for beam intensities between 50 nA and 2 mA. One version, called the linac style, has a switching frequency of 125 kHz. The other, called the transport type, has a switching frequency of 7 kHz. The basic system provides information to the control system at a 1 Hz update rate. The systems are regularly used to measure the AC component of beam position and energy as well as suppress this motion as part of a fast feedback system. Position data produced by the system are also acquired on an event by event basis as part of the nuclear physics program in two of the experimental halls. This paper will focus on the AC characteristics of the system. These characteristics are affected by analog filter frequencies and a time delay between the measurement of the positive electrode signal and the negative electrode signal. The errors introduced by position and intensity modulation on the measured beam characteristics will also be discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Accelerator Dev, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Powers, T (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Accelerator Dev, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 541 EP 546 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700053 ER PT S AU Shurter, RB Gilpatrick, JD Power, J AF Shurter, RB Gilpatrick, JD Power, J BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI BPM analog front-end electronics based on the AD8307 log amplifier SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB Beam position monitor (BPM) signal-processing electronics utilizing the Analog Devices AD8307 logarithmic amplifier has been developed for the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA), part of the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project at Los Alamos. The low-pass filtered 350 MHz fundamental signal from each of the four microstrip electrodes in a BPM is "detected" by an AD8307 log amp, amplified and scaled to accommodate the 0 to +5 V input of an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. The resultant four digitized signals represent a linear power relationship to the electrode signals, which are in turn related to beam current and position. As the AD8307 has a potential dynamic range of approximately 92 dB, much attention must be given to noise reduction, sources of which can be digital signals on the same board, power supplies, inter-channel coupling, stray RF and others. This paper will describe the operational experience of this particular analog front-end electronic circuit design. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 1, Los Alamos, NM 87025 USA. RP Shurter, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 1, POB 1663,MS-H808, Los Alamos, NM 87025 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 581 EP 584 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700058 ER PT S AU Sellyey, WC Gilpatrick, JD Barr, D O'Hara, JF AF Sellyey, WC Gilpatrick, JD Barr, D O'Hara, JF BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Experience with beam loss monitors in the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB This paper will discuss the operational experience with the Ionization Chamber Beam Loss Monitors (ICBLM) in the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator facility at LANL. LEDA is a test bed for a 6.7 MeV, cw, 100 mA proton radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ). There are three ICBLMs located in a short beam transport downstream of the RFQ. (This transport is called HEBT for High Energy Beam Transport.) Their function is to convey beam loss information to the operators and to protect the accelerator from being damaged by large beam spills. Signals from the ionization chambers are ten times less than expected. This results in a signal to drift ratio of 0.4 for a 1 mA beam loss and prevents protection of the machine below 2.5 mA loss. Since it is important to protect the machine down to 0.2 mA loss, improvements in and alternatives to the ICBLM are being investigated and will be implemented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sellyey, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 585 EP 593 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700059 ER PT S AU Singh, O Erwin, L Decker, G Laird, R Lenkszus, F AF Singh, O Erwin, L Decker, G Laird, R Lenkszus, F BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI X-ray BPM-based feedback system at the APS storage ring SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring, the X-ray beam position monitors (X-BPMs) measure accurate photon position down to the submicron level, This level of stable measurement has been possible due to 1) superior thermal insulation and vibration damping of the X-ray BPM support structure [1], 2) minimal dependence on the bunch pattern and intensity variations, and 3) use of ultrastable preamplifiers and processing electronics. A new X-BPM interface is under development and will be discussed here. This interface will be integrated into the existing rf-based orbit feedback systems. To study preliminary results, an experimental X-BPM orbit feedback set-up was developed and implemented in one of the bending magnet beamlines. The results from this set-up are encouraging. For an operational fill, a typical orbit drift of 30 microns (at X-ray BPMs) has been reduced to less than 5 microns. The fill-to-fill photon orbit reproducibility has been improved from 75 microns to less than 10 microns. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Singh, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 594 EP 600 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700060 ER PT S AU Smith, SR Johnson, RG AF Smith, SR Johnson, RG BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Beam position mis-measurement due to propagating modes SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB In many modern storage rings, position monitors process beam signals at frequencies above cutoff for propagating modes in the beam duct. This is common in beam ducts with antechambers. Propagating modes introduce fields at the position monitor pickups unrelated to beam position at the monitor, and therefore can cause errors in indicated position. We discuss issues of generation and propagation of these fields, how they couple to position monitor pickups, and steps that can be taken to minimize their effects. We report some experiences with propagating modes affecting position measurements and our experience with lowering the processing frequency of several BPMs, which must operate in wide beam chamber near the interaction point of the PEP-II ring. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 601 EP 605 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700061 ER PT S AU Yang, BX Lumpkin, AH Emery, L Borland, M AF Yang, BX Lumpkin, AH Emery, L Borland, M BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Recent developments in measurement and tracking of the APS storage ring beam emittance SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB The x-ray pinhole camera is used at the APS storage ring to measure the beam emittance. The measured data are archived during user operation. At 1 Hz bandwidth, we have achieved better than 1 mum stability in the measured horizontal beam size, typically of 143 mum, corresponding to 8 nm.rad. During user runs, beam size variations up to 2.5 muM were observed (corresponding to emittance variations of 0.4 nm.rad), which were strongly correlated and attributed to the variation of electron energy loss in the insertion devices. In other words, the user-initiated insertion device gap changes are the major factor in observed beam emittance variations during user runs. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. RP Yang, BX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 622 EP 630 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700064 ER PT S AU Witkover, R AF Witkover, R BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Beam loss monitoring - A discussion session at the 2000 Beam Instrumentation Workshop SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB This paper summarizes the Beam Loss Monitoring Discussion Session which took place during the 2000 Beam Instrumentation Workshop. Topics covered include various types of beam loss monitors, use of fiber optics to localize long term loss along an accelerator, and beam loss accounting systems. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Witkover, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 635 EP 646 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700065 ER PT S AU Shea, TJ AF Shea, TJ BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Beam position monitoring - A discussion session at the 2000 Beam Instrumentation Workshop SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB This paper summarizes the Beam Position Monitoring Discussion Session which took place during the 2000 Beam Instrumentation Workshop. Topics covered include various types of beam position monitors, including RF, optical, and x-ray BPMs. BPM issues relating to the Next Linear Collider and the Very Large Hadron Collider are also discussed. C1 Spallat Neutron Source, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shea, TJ (reprint author), Spallat Neutron Source, SNS Project, 701 Scarboro Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 650 EP 670 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700067 ER PT S AU Zagel, J AF Zagel, J BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Beam profiling - A discussion session at the 2000 Beam Instrumentation Workshop SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB This paper summarizes the Beam Profiling Discussion Session which took place during the 2000 Beam Instrumentation Workshop. Topics covered include various types of beam profile monitors, such as those that use residual gas ionization. Aspects of calibrating microchannel plates, how to achieve large dynamic range in beam profile monitors, use of wire scanners, and other aspects of beam profile measurement, are covered. C1 Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zagel, J (reprint author), Fermilab, MS 308,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 671 EP 679 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700068 ER PT S AU Carwardine, J Powers, T AF Carwardine, J Powers, T BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Feedback systems - A discussion session at the 2000 Beam Instrumentation Workshop SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB This paper summarizes the Feedback Systems Discussion Session which took place during the 2000 Beam Instrumentation Workshop. The primary topics covered were use of digital signal processing techniques, and a fast feedback system at Jefferson Lab. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carwardine, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 401, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 680 EP 682 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700069 ER PT B AU Reicher, DW AF Reicher, DW BE Eaglesham, A Brown, WF Hardy, RWF TI The Department of Energy's contribution to the president's bioproduct and bioenergy initiative SO BIOBASED ECONOMY OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: AGRICULTURE EXPANDING INTO HEALTH, ENERGY, CHEMICALS AND MATERIAL SE NABC REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Meeting of the National-Agricultural-Biotechnology-Council CY MAY 11-13, 2000 CL UNIV FLORIDA, ORLANDO, FL SP Natl Agr Biotechnol Council HO UNIV FLORIDA C1 US DOE, Off Energy Efficienct & Renewable Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Reicher, DW (reprint author), US DOE, Off Energy Efficienct & Renewable Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY COUNCIL PI ITHACA PA 159 BIOTECHNOLOGY BLDG CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, NY 14853-2703 USA J9 NABC REP PY 2000 VL 12 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BR96M UT WOS:000168184700009 ER PT S AU Benett, WJ Richards, JB Stratton, P Hadley, DR Bodtker, BH Nasarabadi, SL Milanovich, FP Mariella, RP Koopman, RP Belgrader, P AF Benett, WJ Richards, JB Stratton, P Hadley, DR Bodtker, BH Nasarabadi, SL Milanovich, FP Mariella, RP Koopman, RP Belgrader, P BE Lieberman, RA TI Handheld advanced nucleic acid analyzer SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biochemical and Biomolecular Sensing CY NOV 06-07, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE PCR; handheld; thermal cycler; nucleic acid analyzer ID MICROCHIP PCR; INSTRUMENT AB There is a growing need for portable, lightweight, battery operated instruments capable of detecting and identifying bio-warfare and bio-terrorism agents in the field. To address this need, we have developed a handheld PCR instrument (Figure 1). LLNL s advanced thermal cycling technology and expertise with portable, field tested biological instrumentation, combined with the development of real-time, fluorescence based PCR assays, has enabled the development of a very portable, versatile, power efficient PCR instrument with a simplified operating system designed for use by first responders. The heart of the instrument is the sample module, which incorporates the advanced silicon thermal cycler developed at LLNL. The handheld unit contains four of these modules, each of which is capable of performing two simultaneous DNA assays. The new thermal cycler design has a novel anisotropically etched architecture that reduces thermal mass and increases cooling efficiency. This combined with a new thin film heater/temperature sensor enables extremely rapid and accurate thermal cycling. The system also incorporates an onboard temperature calibration system, which allows quick calibration while in the field. Each thermal cycler has two windows, allowing for two independent optical paths for excitation and detection. The sample module houses two LED excitation sources and interchangeable filter sets for both excitation and detection. This creates a flexible system allowing the use of real time Taqman (R) ratio assays or user defined two-plex assays. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Benett, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3865-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4200 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1117/12.411712 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Optics GA BR90M UT WOS:000167995000008 ER PT S AU Richards, JB Benett, WJ Stratton, PL Hadley, DR Nasarabadi, SL Milanovich, FP AF Richards, JB Benett, WJ Stratton, PL Hadley, DR Nasarabadi, SL Milanovich, FP BE Lieberman, RA TI Miniaturized detection system for handheld PCR assays SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biochemical and Biomolecular Sensing CY NOV 06-07, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE detection; PCR; fluorescence; duplex AB We have developed and delivered a four chamber, battery powered, handheld instrument referred to as the HANAA (Handheld Advanced Nucleic Acid Analyzer) which monitors the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process using a TaqMan" based fluorescence assay. The detection system differs from standard configurations in two essential ways. First, the size is miniaturized, with a combined cycling and optics plug-in module for a duplex assay being about the size of a small box of matches. Second, the detection/analysis system is designed to call a positive sample in real time. The optical design was severely constrained due to size limitations, cost considerations and the unique geometry of the thermal cycling chamber. The cycling chamber, an extremely small and complex structure, precluded a standard orthogonal fluorescence measurement system. Operational specifications for low power mandated an LED light source. The result was an optical system with a wide, fairly divergent excitation source propagating down a short optical path. Additional requirements included interchangeable filters and the operation of a true duplex assay. Overall performance must be stable and reliable enough to automatically alert the user when a test sample is positive while avoiding false positives and false negatives. The HANAA meets all of these specifications and constraints, providing the first truly handheld, battery operated PCR assay and the fastest real-time detection available. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Richards, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3865-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4200 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.411713 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Optics GA BR90M UT WOS:000167995000009 ER PT S AU Bruckner-Lea, CJ Anheier, NC Holman, D Tsukuda, T Kingsley, MT Brockman, FJ Price, JM Grate, JW Chandler, DP AF Bruckner-Lea, CJ Anheier, NC Holman, D Tsukuda, T Kingsley, MT Brockman, FJ Price, JM Grate, JW Chandler, DP BE Lieberman, RA TI Integrated systems for DNA sample preparation and detection in environmental samples SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biochemical and Biomolecular Sensing CY NOV 06-07, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE nucleic acid; DNA; PCR; flow injection analysis; bacteria ID FLOW-INJECTION; RENEWABLE MICROCOLUMNS; PURIFICATION; TEMPLATE; PCR AB Field-portable sensor systems are currently needed for the detection and characterization of biological pathogens in the environment. Nucleic acid analysis is frequently the method of choice for discriminating between pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria in environmental samples, however standard protocols are difficult to automate and current microfluidic devices are not configured to analyze environmental samples. In this paper, we describe an automated DNA sample processing system and demonstrate its use for the extraction of bacterial DNA from water and sediment samples. Two challenges in environmental sample analysis are the need to process relatively large sample volumes (microliters to many milliliters) in order to obtain detectable quantities of DNA present at low concentrations, and the need to purify DNA from a complex sample matrix for downstream detection. These problems are addressed by using sequential injection fluid handling techniques for precise manipulation of the required volumes, and renewable separation columns for automatically trapping and releasing microparticles that are used for sample purification. The renewable microcolumns are used for both bacterial cell concentration and DNA purification. The purified bacterial DNA is then amplified using an on-line PCR module in order to produce detectable quantities of the target DNA. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bruckner-Lea, CJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3865-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4200 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1117/12.411714 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Optics GA BR90M UT WOS:000167995000010 ER PT J AU Beller, HR AF Beller, HR TI Metabolic indicators for detecting in situ anaerobic alkylbenzene degradation SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE anaerobic; benzylsuccinate; BTEX; intrinsic bioremediation ID BACTERIUM THAUERA-AROMATICA; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIUM; SP STRAIN T; DENITRIFYING BACTERIUM; INITIAL REACTIONS; O-XYLENE; BENZYLSUCCINATE SYNTHASE; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; TOLUENE MINERALIZATION; ORGANIC-ACIDS AB Monitoring programs for intrinsic bioremediation of fuel hydrocarbons require indicators that can convincingly demonstrate in situ metabolism. In this evaluation of potential indicators of in situ anaerobic alkylbenzene metabolism, laboratory and field data are reviewed for two classes of aromatic acids: (i) benzylsuccinate, E-phenylitaconate, and their methyl homologs, and (ii) benzoate, and methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethylbenzoates. The review includes previously unpublished field data from a hydrocarbon-contaminated site in Fallon (Nevada), at which both classes of metabolites were detected in groundwater. The two classes of compounds were evaluated with respect to specificity (i.e., unique biochemical relationship to a specific alkylbenzene), stability, and generation as degradation intermediates versus dead-end products; recent developments in the biochemistry of anaerobic toluene and xylene degradation were incorporated in this evaluation. In general, benzylsuccinates/E-phenylitaconates are superior to benzoates in terms of their very high specificity to their parent hydrocarbons and their lack of commercial and industrial sources. They are also uniquely indicative of anaerobic conditions. All of the benzoates, benzylsuccinates, and E-phenylitaconates are relatively stable chemically and (with the exception of benzoate) biologically under anaerobic conditions, based on the limited data available. Although benzoate, benzylsuccinate, and E-phenylitaconate are intermediates of anaerobic toluene mineralization to carbon dioxide, their methyl homologs can be either mineralization intermediates or cometabolic dead-end products of alkylbenzenes, depending on the bacteria involved. Benzoates are far more commonly reported in field studies of hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifers than are benzylsuccinates and E-phenylitaconates, although it is not clear whether this is an accurate representation of the relative occurrence of these metabolites at contaminated sites, or whether it instead reflects the limited range of target analytes used in most field studies to date. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Beller, HR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-542, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM beller2@llnl.gov RI Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014 NR 57 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PY 2000 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1023/A:1011109800916 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 429RK UT WOS:000168530600005 PM 11440240 ER PT J AU Stocking, AJ Deeb, RA Flores, AE Stringfellow, W Talley, J Brownell, R Kavanaugh, MC AF Stocking, AJ Deeb, RA Flores, AE Stringfellow, W Talley, J Brownell, R Kavanaugh, MC TI Bioremediation of MTBE: a review from a practical perspective SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE aerobic degradation; bioaugmentation; bioreactors; bioremediation; MTBE; natural attenuation ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; BIOTRICKLING FILTERS; METHYL; CULTURE; AQUIFER; GROUNDWATER; PERFORMANCE; LIMITATIONS; METABOLISM AB The addition of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) to gasoline has resulted in public uncertainty regarding the continued reliance on biological processes for gasoline remediation. Despite this concern, researchers have shown that MTBE can be effectively degraded in the laboratory under aerobic conditions using pure and mixed cultures with half-lives ranging from 0.04 to 29 days. Ex-situ aerobic fixed-film and aerobic suspended growth bioreactor studies have demonstrated decreases in MTBE concentrations of 83% and 96% with hydraulic residence times of 0.3 hrs and 3 days, respectively. In microcosm and field studies, aerobic biodegradation half-lives range from 2 to 693 days. These half-lives have been shown to decrease with increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations and, in some cases, with the addition of exogenous MTBE-degraders. MTBE concentrations have also been observed to decrease under anaerobic conditions; however, these rates are not as well defined. Several detailed field case studies describing the use of ex-situ reactors, natural attenuation, and bioaugmentation are presented in this paper and demonstrate the potential for successful remediation of MTBE-contaminated aquifers. In conclusion, a substantial amount of literature is available which demonstrates that the in-situ biodegradation of MTBE is contingent on achieving aerobic conditions in the contaminated aquifer. C1 Malcolm Pirnie Inc, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Malcolm Pirnie Inc, White Plains, NY 10602 USA. RP Kavanaugh, MC (reprint author), Malcolm Pirnie Inc, 180 Grand Ave,Suite 1000, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM mkavanaugh@pirnie.com RI Stringfellow, William/O-4389-2015 OI Stringfellow, William/0000-0003-3189-5604 NR 69 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PY 2000 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 187 EP 201 DI 10.1023/A:1011126414642 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 429RK UT WOS:000168530600009 PM 11440244 ER PT J AU Hansen, NH Sobel, E Davanipour, Z Gillette, LM Niiranen, J Wilson, BW AF Hansen, NH Sobel, E Davanipour, Z Gillette, LM Niiranen, J Wilson, BW TI EMF exposure assessment in the Finnish garment industry: Evaluation of proposed EMF exposure metrics SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; electromagnetic fields; occupational exposure; research design; neurodegenerative disease ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD EXPOSURE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; RISK; WORKERS; CANCER; POWER; OCCUPATIONS; ENVIRONMENT AB Recently published studies indicate that having worked in occupations that involve moderate to high electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. In these studies, the occupational groups most over-represented for EMF exposure comprised seamstresses, dressmakers, and tailors. Future epidemiologic studies designed to evaluate the possibility of a causal relationship between exposure to EMF and a neurodegenerative disease endpoint such as incidence of Alzheimer's disease, will benefit from the measurement of electromagnetic field metrics with potential biological relevance. Data collection methodology in such studies would be highly dependent upon how the metrics are defined. In this research the authors developed and demonstrated (1) protocols for collecting EMF exposure data suitable for estimating a variety of exposure metrics that may have biological relevance, and (2) analytical methods for calculation of these metrics. The authors show how exposure might be estimated under each of the three prominent EMF health-effects mechanism theories and evaluate the assertion that relative exposure ranking is dependent on which mechanism is assumed. The authors also performed AC RMS magnetic flux density measurements, confirming previously reported findings. The results indicate that seamstresses, as an occupational group, should be considered for study of the possible health effects of long-term EMF exposure. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss,Inc. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. Univ Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. RP Hansen, NH (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,MSIN K5-17, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD JAN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(200001)21:1<57::AID-BEM9>3.0.CO;2-P PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 275JY UT WOS:000084818100009 PM 10615093 ER PT J AU Hanson, PJ Edwards, NT Garten, CT Andrews, JA AF Hanson, PJ Edwards, NT Garten, CT Andrews, JA TI Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE rhizosphere; root respiration; soil CO2 efflux; soil respiration ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; DECIDUOUS FOREST FLOOR; LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS; GROWN SPRING WHEAT; PINE PLANTATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2 EFFLUX; OAK FOREST; IN-SITU; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION AB Forest soil respiration is the sum of heterotrophic (microbes, soil fauna) and autotrophic (root) respiration. The contribution of each group needs to be understood to evaluate implications of environmental change on soil carbon cycling and sequestration. Three primary methods have been used to distinguish hetero- versus autotrophic soil respiration including: integration of components contributing to in situ forest soil CO2 efflux (i.e., litter, roots, soil), comparison of soils with and without root exclusion, and application of stable or radioactive isotope methods. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages, but isotope based methods provide quantitative answers with the least amount of disturbance to the soil and roots. Published data from all methods indicate that root/rhizosphere respiration can account for as little as 10 percent to greater than 90 percent of total in situ soil respiration depending on vegetation type and season of the year. Studies which have integrated percent root contribution to total soil respiration throughout an entire year or growing season show mean values of 45.8 and 60.4 percent for forest and nonforest vegetation, respectively. Such average annual values must be extrapolated with caution, however, because the root contribution to total soil respiration is commonly higher during the growing season and lower during the dormant periods of the year. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Bot, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Hanson, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561 NR 124 TC 982 Z9 1225 U1 66 U2 562 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 1 BP 115 EP 146 DI 10.1023/A:1006244819642 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 257WF UT WOS:000083804900007 ER PT B AU Adams, SM AF Adams, SM BE Balazs, E Galante, E Lynch, JM Schepers, JS Toutant, JP Werner, D Werry, PAT TI Assessing sources of stress to aquatic ecosystems using integrated biomarkers SO BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: CONNECTING SCIENCE AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biological Resource Management - Connecting Science and Policy CY MAR 05-06, 1998 CL ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV, PARIS, FRANCE SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev HO ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ID PULP-MILL EFFLUENTS; CLARK-FORK RIVER; BROWN TROUT; FISH; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; POPULATIONS; INDICATORS; RESPONSES; POLLUTION AB Establishing causal relationships between sources of environmental stressors and aquatic ecosystem health is difficult because of the many biotic and abiotic factors which can influence or modify responses of biological systems to stress, the orders of magnitude involved in extrapolation over both spatial and temporal scales, and compensatory mechanisms such as density-dependent responses that operate in populations. To address the problem of establishing causality between stressors and effects on aquatic systems, a diagnostic approach, based on exposure-response profiles for various anthropogenic activities, was developed to help identify sources of stress responsible for effects on aquatic systems at ecological significant levels of biological organization (individual, population, community). To generate these exposure-effects profiles, biomarkers of exposure were plotted against bioindicators of corresponding effects for several major anthropogenic activities including petrochemical, pulp and paper, domestic sewage, mining operations, land-development activities, and agricultural activities. Biomarkers of exposure to environmental stressors varied depending on the type of anthropogenic activity involved. Bioindicator effects, however, including histopathological lesions, bioenergetic status, individual growth, reproductive impairment, and community-level responses, were similar among many of the major anthropogenic activities. This approach is valuable to help identify and diagnose sources of stressors in environments impacted by multiple stressors. By identifying the types and sources of environmental stressors, aquatic ecosystems can be more effectively protected and managed to maintain acceptable levels of environmental quality and ecosystem fitness. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Adams, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bldg 1505, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67117-X PY 2000 BP 17 EP 29 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BQ18B UT WOS:000087370600002 ER PT B AU Ryan, TJ Bruce, RC AF Ryan, TJ Bruce, RC BE Bruce, RC Jaeger, RG Houck, LD TI Life history evolution and adaptive radiation of hemidactyliine salamanders SO BIOLOGY OF PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on the Biology of Plethodontid Salamanders CY JUN 12-14, 1998 CL HIGHLANDS BIOL STN, HIGHLANDS, NC SP Highlands Biol Fdn HO HIGHLANDS BIOL STN ID PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; FAMILY PLETHODONTIDAE; EURYCEA-BISLINEATA; GYRINOPHILUS-PORPHYRITICUS; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LUNGLESS SALAMANDERS; LARVAL PERIODS; SIZE; COMPLEX C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Ryan, TJ (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 128 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46304-0 PY 2000 BP 303 EP 326 PG 24 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BQ62U UT WOS:000088999200015 ER PT J AU Johnson, DK Michaud, EJ Culiat, CT You, Y Klebig, ML Miller, DR Rinchik, EM AF Johnson, DK Michaud, EJ Culiat, CT You, Y Klebig, ML Miller, DR Rinchik, EM TI Phenotype-driven mutagenesis of the mouse genome: Providing resources for developmental and reproductive biology. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2000 VL 62 SU 1 MA SA1 BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 328QV UT WOS:000087862300008 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Pinas, F Leganes, F Wolk, CP AF Fernandez-Pinas, F Leganes, F Wolk, CP TI Bacterial lux genes as reporters in cyanobacteria SO BIOLUMINESCENCE AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE, PT C SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; PUNCTIFORME STRAIN ATCC-29133; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; ANABAENA SP; HETEROCYST DEVELOPMENT; VIBRIO-FISCHERI; EXPRESSION; BIOLUMINESCENCE; LUCIFERASE; NITROGENASE C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fernandez-Pinas, F (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. OI Fernandez-Pinas, Francisca/0000-0002-7444-7601 NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2000 VL 305 BP 513 EP 527 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BQ22L UT WOS:000087601600036 PM 10812623 ER PT B AU Flynn, ER Bracht, R Kraus, RH Maas, PM Ruminer, P Stettler, M AF Flynn, ER Bracht, R Kraus, RH Maas, PM Ruminer, P Stettler, M BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI A digital-signal-processor (DSP) flux-locked-loop (FLL) for LTC SQUIDS with automatic reset and feedback cancellation SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Flynn, ER (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300010 ER PT B AU Hughett, P Miyauchi, S AF Hughett, P Miyauchi, S BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI A comparison of vector and radial magnetometer arrays for whole-head magnetoencephalography SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hughett, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300013 ER PT B AU Kraus, RH Bracht, R Flynn, ER Jia, Q Maas, PM Reagor, D Stettler, M AF Kraus, RH Bracht, R Flynn, ER Jia, Q Maas, PM Reagor, D Stettler, M BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI A digital flux-locked loop for high temperature SQUID magnetometer and gradiometer systems with field cancellation SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kraus, RH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, BOX 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300016 ER PT B AU Reagor, D Jia, QX Mombourquette, C Foltyn, S Houlton, R Wu, XD AF Reagor, D Jia, QX Mombourquette, C Foltyn, S Houlton, R Wu, XD BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI High temperature superconducting quantum interference devices in a superconductor-normal-superconductor geometry SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; BARRIERS C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Reagor, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300025 ER PT B AU Huang, M Heller, L AF Huang, M Heller, L BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI One effect of a maximum possible current strength SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300058 ER PT B AU Huang, M Supek, S Aine, C AF Huang, M Supek, S Aine, C BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI Multi-source localization in MEG using simulated annealing: Model order determination and parameter accuracy SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM ID ALGORITHM C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, MS D545, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 245 EP 248 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300059 ER PT B AU Mosher, JC AF Mosher, JC BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI Subspace angles: A metric for comparisons in EEG and MEG SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM ID LOCALIZATION C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Mosher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 302 EP 305 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300073 ER PT B AU Mosher, JC Chang, CH Leahy, RM AF Mosher, JC Chang, CH Leahy, RM BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI Comparison of the constant and linear boundary element method for EEG and MEG forward modeling SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM ID DISCRETIZATION AB We present a comparison of boundary element methods for solving the forward problem in EEG and MEG. We use the method of weighted residuals and focus on the collocation and Galerkin forms for constant and linear basis functions. We also examine the effect of the isolated shull approach for reducing numerical errors due to the low conductivity of the skull. We demonstrate the improvement that a linear Galerkin approach may yield in solving the forward problem. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Mosher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 306 EP 309 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300074 ER PT B AU Schmidt, DM George, JS AF Schmidt, DM George, JS BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI A method for locating regions containing neural activation at a given confidence level from MEG data SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Schmidt, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 334 EP 337 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300081 ER PT B AU Chen, HW Aine, CJ Flynn, ER Wood, CC AF Chen, HW Aine, CJ Flynn, ER Wood, CC BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI Nonlinear spatio-temporal interactions and neural connections in human vision using transient and m-sequence stimuli SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM ID STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEMS; CORTEX; CAT C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, HW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, POB 1663,MS D-454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 721 EP 724 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300176 ER PT B AU Chen, HW Aine, CJ Flynn, ER Wood, CC AF Chen, HW Aine, CJ Flynn, ER Wood, CC BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI Spatial frequency tuning functions and contrast sensitivity at different eccentricities in the visual field SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM ID VISION C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, HW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 725 EP 728 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300177 ER PT B AU George, JS Schmidt, DM Mosher, JC Aine, CJ Ranken, DM Wood, CC Lewine, JD Sanders, JA Belliveau, JW AF George, JS Schmidt, DM Mosher, JC Aine, CJ Ranken, DM Wood, CC Lewine, JD Sanders, JA Belliveau, JW BE Aine, CJ Okada, Y Stroink, G Swithenby, SJ Wood, CC TI Dynamic neuroimaging by MEG, constrained by MRI and fMRI SO BIOMAG 96: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMAGNETISM, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP George, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98915-3 PY 2000 BP 1134 EP 1137 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47L UT WOS:000088437300277 ER PT S AU Volkow, N AF Volkow, N BE Downing, GJ TI Imaging the addicted brain SO BIOMARKERS AND SURROGATE ENDPOINTS: CLINICAL RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomarkers and Surrogate Endpoints: Clinical Research and Applications CY APR 15-16, 1999 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, US FDA C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkow, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490,30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50316-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2000 VL 1205 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BR67J UT WOS:000167122700015 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, I Clifton-Brown, JC Scurlock, JMO Huisman, W AF Lewandowski, I Clifton-Brown, JC Scurlock, JMO Huisman, W TI Miscanthus: European experience with a novel energy crop SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Miscanthus; biofuel; energy crop; productivity; quality; management; harvest; drying; storage; combustion; economics ID X-GIGANTEUS; GRASSES; QUALITY; ACCUMULATION; CULTIVATION; COMBUSTION; BIOMASS; CHAINS; COSTS; SOIL AB Miscanthus is a tall perennial rhizomatous grass with C-4 photosynthesis which originated in East Asia. This article provides an overview of the most important results and experience gained with miscanthus in Europe over the past 10 years. Field trials have been established throughout Europe from the Mediterranean to southern Scandinavia. Most reported trials have used a vigorous sterile clone Miscanthus x giganteus, which has been propagated vegetatively either by rhizome cutting or in vitro culture. Yields in autumn have been reported in excess of 30 tha(-1) (12 t acre(-1)) for irrigated trials in southern Europe. Without irrigation autumn yields of 10-25 tha(-1) (dry matter) can be expected. The quality of miscanthus biomass for combustion is in some respect comparable to woody biomass and normally improves by delaying harvesting until the spring, although harvestable yields are thus reduced by 30-50% compared with autumn yields. Different technical options for establishment, harvesting and handling of miscanthus have been developed and these significantly effect production costs. Miscanthus production is characterized by low fertilizer and pesticide requirements making it a relatively benign crop environmentally. The main limitations to miscanthus production from M. x giganteus are the high establishment costs, poor over-wintering at some sites and insufficient water supply in southern regions of Europe. New agronomic techniques and new genotypes with improved characteristics are being developed and screened over the wide range of ecological conditions in Europe. Against this background of European experience the prospects for growing miscanthus in North America are discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll, Dept Bot, Dublin 2, Ireland. Univ Hohenheim 340, Inst Crop Prod & Grassland Res, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Farm Technol Grp, NL-6703 HD Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Scurlock, JMO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Lewandowski, Iris/0000-0002-0388-4521 NR 98 TC 433 Z9 472 U1 6 U2 160 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 209 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00032-5 PG 19 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 377XJ UT WOS:000165551300001 ER PT J AU Scurlock, JMO Dayton, DC Hames, B AF Scurlock, JMO Dayton, DC Hames, B TI Bamboo: an overlooked biomass resource? SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE bamboo; bioenergy; biofuel; fuel analysis; productivity ID NET PRODUCTION; STAND; FUELS AB Bamboo is the common term applied to a broad group (1250 species) of large woody grasses, ranging from 10 cm to 40m in height. Already in everyday use by about 2.5 billion people, mostly for fiber and food within Asia, bamboo may have potential as a bioenergy or fiber crop for niche markets, although some reports of its high productivity seem to be exaggerated. Literature on bamboo productivity is scarce, with most reports coming from various parts of Asia. There is little evidence overall that bamboo is significantly more productive than many other candidate bioenergy crops, but it shares a number of desirable fuel characteristics with certain other bioenergy feedstocks, such as low ash content and alkali index. Its heating value is lower than many woody biomass feedstocks but higher than most agricultural residues, grasses and straws. Although non-fuel applications of bamboo biomass may be actually more profitable than energy recovery, there may also be potential for co-production of bioenergy together with other bamboo processing. A significant drawback is the difficulty of selective breeding, given the lack of knowledge of flowering physiology. Further research is also required on propagation techniques, establishment and stand management, and mechanized harvesting needs to be developed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Scurlock, JMO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 41 TC 235 Z9 256 U1 9 U2 68 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 229 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00038-6 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 377XJ UT WOS:000165551300002 ER PT J AU Freeman, MC O'Dowd, WJ Brown, TD Hargis, RA James, RA Plasynski, SI Walbert, GF Lowe, AF Battista, JJ AF Freeman, MC O'Dowd, WJ Brown, TD Hargis, RA James, RA Plasynski, SI Walbert, GF Lowe, AF Battista, JJ TI Pilot-scale air toxics R&D assessment of creosote-treated and PCP-treated wood cofiring for pulverized coal utility boiler applications SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass cofiring; pulverized coal; treated woods; air toxics emissions ID BIOMASS AB This paper presents air toxics emissions test results from a pilot-scale cofiring study of pentachlorophenol- (PCP) and creosote-treated woods to provide data for pre-permitting requirements for utilities interested in biomass cofiring as a means of increasing renewable energy while reducing greenhouse gases and other emissions for pulverized coal-fired utility boilers. These PCP/creosote-treated wood cofiring tests included a comprehensive assessment of air toxics, including dioxins, furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals (Hg, Sb, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, Ni and Se), formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds, HCl, and particulates. This pilot-scale testing measured 'uncontrolled' emissions from the combustor (upstream of flue gas cleanup devices) and showed that PCP/creosote-treated wood could be successfully cofired at 10% heat input without increases in air toxic emissions as compared to a baseline eastern bituminous coal. Air toxics emissions were typically very low, and often near or below detection limits, largely as a result of the good air/fuel mixing and high furnace temperatures associated with pulverized coal combustion. One expected result was an increase in uncontrolled HCl emissions as a result of the higher chlorine content in the treated woods, although even at 10% cofiring levers, HCl emissions were within the range of other US coals, This paper is presented to provide independent data that industry, environmental groups, and regulators may consider in evaluating the opportunities for treated wood cofiring test burns and commercialization in full-scale coal-fired boilers in an environmentally acceptable manner. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Parsons Infrastruct & Technol Grp Inc, Library, PA 15129 USA. Entropy Inc, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Cofiring Alternat, Ebensburg, PA 15931 USA. RP Freeman, MC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 6 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00055-6 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 386FQ UT WOS:000166050500008 ER PT J AU Simell, P Stahlberg, P Kurkela, E Albrecht, J Deutsch, S Sjostrom, K AF Simell, P Stahlberg, P Kurkela, E Albrecht, J Deutsch, S Sjostrom, K TI Provisional protocol for the sampling and anlaysis of tar and particulates in the gas from large-scale biomass gasifiers. Version 1998 SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article AB This paper presents tar sampling protocols for pressurised and atmospheric large scale gasification processes. Methods for constructing sampling lines either to on-line analysers or into sampling systems are described. The tar sampling system consists of a heated probe, a particulate filter and a series of impinger bottles. Dichloromethane is used as the tar absorbing solvent. The solvent containing bottles are placed in a cold bath so that gradual cooling of the sampled gas from about 0 degrees C to the final temperature -79 degrees C takes place in them. Recommendations for suitable sampling gas flow rates and gas temperatures are given. Tar characterisation methods based on different garvimetric measurements and GC analysis are described. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 VTT Energy, FIN-02044 Vtt, Finland. Lurgi Umwelt GmbH, D-60295 Frankfurt, Germany. NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. KemTek, KTH, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Simell, P (reprint author), VTT Energy, POB 1601, FIN-02044 Vtt, Finland. NR 10 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 19 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00064-1 PG 20 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 273NX UT WOS:000084714700003 ER PT J AU Overend, RP Mitchell, CP AF Overend, RP Mitchell, CP TI Modelling biomass and bioenergy - Papers based on the Proceedings of an IEA Bioenergy Agreement Workshop on Modelling Tools for Biomass and Bioenergy held in Knoxville, TN, USA 8-10 April, 1997 - Foreword SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Dept Forestry, Aberdeen AB24 5UA, Scotland. RP Overend, RP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Overend, Ralph/0000-0002-5442-0890 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00092-6 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 306PF UT WOS:000086604500001 ER PT J AU Walsh, ME AF Walsh, ME TI Method to estimate bioenergy crop feedstock supply curves SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass energy; supply curves; short rotation woody crops; switchgrass; biomass feedstocks; biomass economics AB This paper describes a partial equilibrium method that has been used to estimate national bioenergy crop supply curves in the US. The method requires information about the number of hectares (acres) suitable for bioenergy crop production by land type and region, bioenergy crop yields and production costs for the corresponding land types and regions, and the profitability of the land in alternative uses. We describe how this information can be integrated to create supply curves and discuss the limitations and weaknesses of the approach. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Walsh, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00094-X PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 306PF UT WOS:000086604500004 ER PT J AU Graham, RL English, BC Noon, CE AF Graham, RL English, BC Noon, CE TI A Geographic Information System-based modeling system for evaluating the cost of delivered energy crop feedstock SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE supply; switchgrass; GIS; model; transportation; cost; United States; feedstock; price ID HAWAII AB The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for understanding the geographic context of bioenergy supplies is discussed and a regional-scale, GIS-based modeling system for estimating potential biomass supplies from energy crops is described. While GIS models can capture geographic variation that may influence biomass costs and supplies, GIS models are not likely to handle uncertainty well and are often limited by the lack of spatially explicit data. The presented modeling system estimates the costs and environmental implications of supplying specified amounts of energy crop feedstock across a state. The system considers where energy crops could be grown, the spatial variability in their yield, and transportation costs associated with acquiring feedstock for an energy facility. The modeling system was used to estimate potential switchgrass costs and supplies in eleven US states. Transportation costs increased with increased facility demand and were lowest in Iowa, North Dakota and South Dakota and highest in South Carolina, Missouri, Georgia, and Alabama. Farmgate feedstock costs were lowest in Alabama, North Dakota and South Dakota and highest in Iowa and Nebraska. Across the eleven states, delivered feedstock costs ranged from S33 to $55/dry tonne to supply a facility requiring 100,000 tonne/yr. Delivered feedstock costs for a 630,000 tonne/yr facility ranged from $36 to $58/dry tonne. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Studies, Biomass Feedstock Dev Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Univ Tennessee, Management Sci Program, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Graham, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Studies, Biomass Feedstock Dev Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 309 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00098-7 PG 21 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 306PF UT WOS:000086604500006 ER PT J AU Kadam, KL Forrest, LH Jacobson, WA AF Kadam, KL Forrest, LH Jacobson, WA TI Rice straw as a lignocellulosic resource: collection, processing, transportation, and environmental aspects SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE rice straw; open-field burning; baling; ethanol; agricultural residue; criteria air pollutants AB As open-field burning of rice straw is being phased out in California, rice growers and government agencies are looking for new rice straw uses, The amount of rice straw that may be available as a feedstock ranges from 1.0 to 1.4 million t yr(-1). Irrespective of its actual use as a source of raw material for liquid fuel, fiber, or power generation, a study of issues dealing with its harvest is needed. This paper reviews possible harvesting systems and provides an analysis of operating parameters such as straw moisture, density, storage, and optimal number of transport units. A case study of rice straw production in the Sacramento Valley was conducted, which illustrates that 550 t d(-1) of straw can be accessed at an estimated net delivered cost of about US $20it (dry), which is generally considered attractive for an ethanol feedstock. Gainfully utilizing this residue can ease the disposal problem facing agricultural operations in the State. Furthermore, the potential environmental benefits of diverting rice straw from open-field burning will be to significantly reduce criteria air pollutants such as VOC, SOx, NOx, and PM10, and also silica emissions, which are not specifically monitored but can be a health hazard. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. TSS Consultants, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Kadam, KL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 30 TC 109 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 5 BP 369 EP 389 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00005-2 PG 21 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 309BK UT WOS:000086747200001 ER PT J AU Brown, RC Liu, Q Norton, G AF Brown, RC Liu, Q Norton, G TI Catalytic effects observed during the co-gasification of coal and switchgrass SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE co-gasification; alkali catalyst; potassium; switchgrass ID STEAM GASIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; CARBON AB We are investigating catalytic gasification of coal char using biomass-derived potassium salts. Alkali metal salts, especially those containing potassium, are excellent promoters of gasification reactions but are generally considered too expensive for commercial use. Fast-growing biomass, which contains large quantities of potassium, may prove to be an excellent source of inexpensive gasification catalyst. A series of CO2-char gasification tests were performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) to evaluate the catalytic activity of alkali-rich biomass-derived materials. Both switchgrass char and switchgrass ash displayed catalytic activity in mixtures with coal char produced from Illinois No. 6 coal. The results obtained with switchgrass ash were especially impressive, with an almost eight-fold increase in coal char gasification rate at 895 degrees C in a 10:90 mixture of coal char and switchgrass ash. These results give encouragement that biomass could be the source of inexpensive, coal gasification catalysts. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Brown, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2020 HM Black Engn Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 23 TC 85 Z9 105 U1 6 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 6 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00012-X PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 323CD UT WOS:000087546500006 ER PT J AU Gomez-Vega, JM Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ AF Gomez-Vega, JM Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ TI Bioactive glass coatings with hydroxyapatite and Bioglass (R) particles on Ti-based implants. 1. Processing SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE glass coating; enameling; Ti6Al4V; hydroxyapatite; Bioglass (R); bioactivity AB Silicate-based glasses with thermal expansion coefficients that match those of Ti6Al4V were prepared and used to coat Ti6Al4V by a simple enameling technique. Bioglass(R) (BG) or hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were embedded on the coatings in order to enhance their bioactivity. HA particles were immersed partially during heating and remained firmly embedded on the coating after cooling. There was no apparent reaction at the glass/HA interface at the temperatures used in this work (800-840 degrees C). In contrast, BG particles softened and some infiltration into the glass coating took place during heat treatment. In this case, particles with sizes over 45 mu m were required, otherwise the particles became hollow due to the infiltration and crystallization of the glass surface. The concentration of the particles on the coating was limited to 20% of surface coverage. Concentrations above this value resulted in cracked coatings due to excessive induced stress. Cracks did not propagate along the interfaces when coatings were subjected to Vickers indentation tests, indicating that the particle/glass and glass/metal interfaces exhibited strong bonds. Enameling, producing excellent glass/metal adhesion with well-attached bioactive particles on the surface, is a promising method of forming reliable and lasting implants which can endure substantial chemical and mechanical stresses. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Restorat Dent, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Tomsia, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 62-203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [1R01DE11289] NR 15 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JAN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00131-3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 268ED UT WOS:000084400600001 PM 10632392 ER PT S AU Lindau, I Cornacchia, M Arthur, J AF Lindau, I Cornacchia, M Arthur, J BE Edwards, GS Sutherland, JC TI Linac coherent light source at SSRL/SLAC: Source characteristics and scientific opportunities SO BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF FREE-ELECTRON LASERS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Applications of Free-Electron Lasers CY JAN 22, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE free-electron laser; coherent light source; femtosecond coherence; brightness; SASE; synchrotron radiation ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; HIGH-GAIN REGIME; HIGH-POWER AB In this paper we describe the plans at Stanford University for an x-ray (1.5 - 15 Angstrom) free-electron laser based on the last kilometer, 15 - 5 GeV, of the SLAG linear accelerator. The technical requirements are summarized as well as the novel scientific opportunities with this fourth generation source. It is concluded that with the present research and development efforts under way it should be possible to start the construction of such a facility as early as 2002 with a completion date in 2005. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Lindau, I (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3541-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3925 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1117/12.384259 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27W UT WOS:000087781300002 ER PT S AU Johnson, ED Ben-Zvi, I DiMauro, LF Graves, WS Heese, RN Krinsky, S Sutherland, JC Wang, XJ Yu, LH AF Johnson, ED Ben-Zvi, I DiMauro, LF Graves, WS Heese, RN Krinsky, S Sutherland, JC Wang, XJ Yu, LH BE Edwards, GS Sutherland, JC TI The Deep Ultra-Violet Free Electron Laser (DUV-FEL) at Brookhaven National Laboratory SO BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF FREE-ELECTRON LASERS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Applications of Free-Electron Lasers CY JAN 22, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE Free Electron Laser; High Gain Harmonic Generation; sub-harmonically seeded FEL AB Brookhaven National Laboratory has established an initiative in FEL science and technology development which includes the Deep Ultra-Violet Free Electron Laser (DUV-FEL) experiment. It is configured as a sub-harmonically seeded High Gain Harmonic Generator (HGHG) to improve coherence and pulse control as contrasted with other schemes that start up from noise. In its initial configuration the DW-FEL will allow operation at wavelengths down to 200 nm at pulse lengths below a picosecond. The DUV-FEL will be used as a test-bed for experiments to utilize the UV radiation it produces, and serve as model for extending its principles to much shorter wavelengths (x-rays). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton Long Isl, NY 11973 USA. RP Johnson, ED (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton Long Isl, NY 11973 USA. EM erik@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3541-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3925 BP 26 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.384261 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27W UT WOS:000087781300004 ER PT S AU Dylla, HF Benson, SV Neil, GR Shinn, M Austin, RH Sutherland, J AF Dylla, HF Benson, SV Neil, GR Shinn, M Austin, RH Sutherland, J BE Edwards, GS Sutherland, JC TI Applications of the Jefferson Lab free electron laser for photobiology SO BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF FREE-ELECTRON LASERS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Applications of Free-Electron Lasers CY JAN 22, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE free electron lasers; ultraviolet radiation; infrared radiation; photobiology AB A versatile free electron laser (FEL) user facility has recently come on line at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) providing high average (kilowatt-level) power laser light in the infrared. A planned upgrade of the FEL in this facility will extend the wavelength range through the visible to the deep UV and provide the photobiology community with a unique light source for a variety of studies. Planned and potential applications of this FEL include: IR studies of energy flow in biomolecules, IR and visible imaging of biomedical systems, IR and visible studies of photodynamic effects and UV and near visible studies of DNA photodamage. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Dylla, HF (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3541-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3925 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.384263 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27W UT WOS:000087781300006 ER PT S AU Sutherland, JC AF Sutherland, JC BE Edwards, GS Sutherland, JC TI Can free electron lasers answer critical questions in ultraviolet photobiology? SO BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF FREE-ELECTRON LASERS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Applications of Free-Electron Lasers CY JAN 22, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE free electron lasers; ultraviolet radiation; environmental photobiology; ozone depletion ID WAVELENGTHS; DNA AB DNA and other biological macromolecules are sensitive to damage by ultraviolet light with wavelengths less than about 320 nm. Fortunately, such wavelengths are efficiently absorbed by ozone in the stratosphere. DNA can also be: damaged by longer wavelength ultraviolet and (perhaps) visible light, albeit with far lower efficiencies. Indeed, the cross section for damage induction in DNA by longer wavelengths is so low that it has been difficult to measure easily in controlled experiments using monochromatic laboratory sources. However, the flux of solar photons reaching the biosphere is far higher than at the shorter wavelengths. Thus the damage induced by wavelengths > 320 nm may constitute a significant fraction of the total UV burden in a particular organism or ecosystem. Understanding the nature and extent of this long wavelength induced damage is crucial in several important societal problems including: Evaluating the biological impact of depletion of stratospheric ozone. Determining if sunscreen preparations offer the same protection against long term effects such as cutaneous malignant melanoma as they do against prompt effects such as erythema (sunburn). Determining the safest spectrum for use in indoor tanning. The light sources required for such studies must provide high intensities of nearly monochromatic light that can be tuned to any wavelength in the required spectral range. This paper will evaluate the potential of ultraviolet free electron lasers, and particularly the soon to be available W-FEL at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for such experiments. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutherland, JC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3541-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3925 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1117/12.384252 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27W UT WOS:000087781300007 ER PT S AU Colston, BW Gutierrez, DM Everett, MJ Brown, SB Langry, KC Cox, WR Johnson, PW Roe, JN AF Colston, BW Gutierrez, DM Everett, MJ Brown, SB Langry, KC Cox, WR Johnson, PW Roe, JN BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA TI Intraoral fiber optic-based diagnostic for periodontal disease SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems II CY JAN 25-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE dental; biosensor; fiber optic ID MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; CHEMICAL SENSORS; ASSAYS AB The purpose of this initial study was to begin development of a new, objective diagnostic instrument that will allow simultaneous quantitation of multiple proteases within a single periodontal pocket using a chemical fiber optic sensor. This approach could potentially be adapted to use specific antibodies and chemiluminescence to detect and quantitate virtually any compound and compare concentrations of different compounds within the same periodontal pocket. The device could also be used to assay secretions in salivary ducts or from a variety of wounds. The applicability is, therefore, not solely limited to dentistry and the device would be important both for clinical diagnostics and as a research tool. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Colston, BW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3527-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3911 BP 2 EP 9 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27M UT WOS:000087772300001 ER PT S AU Canpolat, M Mourant, JR AF Canpolat, M Mourant, JR BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA TI Optical measurement of photosensitizer concentration using a probe with a small source-detector fiber separation SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems II CY JAN 25-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE photodynamic therapy; photosensitizer concentration; minimally invasive measurements ID OPTIMIZING LIGHT DOSIMETRY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; SPECTRA; TISSUE; MEDIA AB We present a novel minimally invasive method to measure the concentration of photodynamic therapy drugs in real time. The method is based on measurements of backscattered and fluorescence Light using a steady state fluorescence spectrometer. The ratio of the fluorescence to scattered light is found to be linearly proportional to the absorption coefficient of the photosensitizer. The fiber-optic probe used for the measurements has a small source-detector separation, therefore the measurements could be performed through the working channel of an endoscope. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Canpolat, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM canpolat@lanl.gov; jmourant@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3527-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3911 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1117/12.384915 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27M UT WOS:000087772300002 ER PT S AU Vo-Dinh, T AF Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA TI Principle of synchronous luminescence (SL) technique for biomedical diagnostics SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems II CY JAN 25-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORESCENCE; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; CANCER-DIAGNOSIS; TISSUE; METABOLITES; URINE AB In the present study, the principle of synchronous luminescence (SL) is described for use in biomedical diagnostics. The SL method involves scanning simultaneously both emission and excitation wavelengths while keeping a constant wavelength interval between them. This SF procedure simplifies the emission spectrum and provides for greater selectivity and is used to detect subtle differences in the fluorescence emission of the biochemical species of cells and tissues. The SL method can be use to analyze tissue in vivo or to investigate spectral differences in normal and neoplastic cells in vitro. SL scans of skin tissues illustrate the use of the method. For in vitro diagnosis, a difference between the fluorescent spectra of the normal rat liver epithelial (RLE) and hepatoma cell lines were detected using synchronous fluorescence. The potential use of SF as a screening tool for cancer diagnosis is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3527-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3911 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.384929 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27M UT WOS:000087772300006 ER PT S AU Mobley, J Cullum, B Vo-Dinh, T AF Mobley, J Cullum, B Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA TI Method for the simultaneous acquisition of optical absorption and sonic attenuation with photoacoustic ultrasound SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems II CY JAN 25-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc ID TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION; BACKSCATTER AB In this work, we present a novel method for the simultaneous acquisition of ultrasonic attenuation and optical absorption using photoacousticalty-generated ultrasound. We discuss the theory behind the technique and apply the method to measurements in mammalian tissue samples. We show that the frequency dependence of ultrasonic attenuation measured with this technique is consistent with conventionally determined values and thus holds promise for future work. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, POB 2008,MS 6101, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3527-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3911 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.1117/12.384901 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27M UT WOS:000087772300021 ER PT S AU Kasili, P Mobley, J Cullum, B Vo-Dinh, T AF Kasili, P Mobley, J Cullum, B Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA TI Bio-imaging system using an acousto-optic tunable filter SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems II CY JAN 25-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; DIAGNOSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; TISSUES AB The interaction of light with tissue has been used to recognize disease since the mid-1800s. The recent developments of light sources, detectors, and fiber optic probes provide opportunities to measure these interactions, which yield information for tissue diagnosis at the biochemical, structural, or (patho) physiological level([1]). In this paper, we describe a bioimaging system designed for biomedical applications and show laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) images mammalian brain tissue. The LIF imaging of tissue was carried out in vitro using two laser excitations: 488 nm and 514 nm (argon-ion laser. Images were recorded through an acousto-optic tunable filter over the range 500 nn-650 nm with a charged coupled device (CCD) camera. Background subtracted images were generated across the fluorescent wavelength. Subtraction allowed a safe comparison to be made with well-contrasted images. Of the two tested excitation wavelengths, 488 nm excitation gave the more distinctive contrast. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008 MS 6101, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tvo@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3527-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3911 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.384922 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27M UT WOS:000087772300041 ER PT S AU Holman, HYN Goth-Goldstein, R Blakely, EA Bjornstad, K Martin, MC McKinney, WR AF Holman, HYN Goth-Goldstein, R Blakely, EA Bjornstad, K Martin, MC McKinney, WR BE MahadevanJansen, A Puppels, GJ TI Individual human cell responses to low doses of chemicals studied by synchrotron infrared spectromicroscopy SO BIOMEDICAL SPECTROSCOPY: VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY AND OTHER NOVEL TECHNIQUES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Spectroscopy - Vibrational Spectroscopy and Other Novel Techniques CY JAN 26-27, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE infrared spectroscopy; synchrotron; SR-FTIR; dioxin; TCDD; cellular response; spectromicroscopy ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; DNA-ADDUCTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; FOUNDRY WORKERS; EXPOSURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCTION; CYP1A1 AB Vibrational spectroscopy, when combined with synchrotron radiation-based (SR) microscopy, is a powerful new analytical tool with high spatial resolution for detecting biochemical changes in individual living cells. In contrast to other microscopy methods that require fixing, drying, staining or labeling, SR-FTIR microscopy probes intact living cells providing a composite view of all of the molecular responses and the ability to monitor the responses over time in the same cell. Observed spectral changes include all types of lesions induced in that cell as well as cellular responses to external and internal stresses. These spectral changes combined with other analytical tools may provide a fundamental understanding of the key molecular mechanisms induced in response to stresses created by low-doses of chemicals. In this study we used the high spatial-resolution SR-FTIR vibrational spectromicroscopy as a sensitive analytical tool to detect chemical- and radiation-induced changes in individual human cells. Our preliminary spectral measurements indicate that this technique is sensitive enough to detect changes in nucleic acids and proteins of cells treated with environmentally relevant concentrations of dioxin. This technique has the potential to distinguish changes from exogenous or endogenous oxidative processes. Future development of this technique will allow rapid monitoring of cellular processes such as drug metabolism, early detection of disease, bio-compatibility of implant materials, cellular repair mechanisms, self assembly of cellular apparatus, cell differentiation and fetal development. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holman, HYN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hyholman@Ibl.gov OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3534-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3918 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1117/12.384959 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Spectroscopy SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Spectroscopy GA BQ31P UT WOS:000087915700007 ER PT S AU Demos, SG Balooch, M Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ AF Demos, SG Balooch, M Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ GP OSA OSA TI Spectroscopic investigation of human tooth SO BIOMEDICAL TOPICAL MEETINGS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Biomedical Topical Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2000 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL AB The spectroscopic properties of non-carious transparent human root dentin, and dentin-enamel junction are investigated using microscopic emission imaging, and micro-spectroscopy. Experimental results reveal new information on the structural and biochemical characteristics of human tooth. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94580 USA. RP Demos, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94580 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-632-X J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 38 BP 139 EP 141 PG 3 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU51D UT WOS:000176203200039 ER PT S AU Demos, SG Sankaran, V Staggs, M Radousky, HB AF Demos, SG Sankaran, V Staggs, M Radousky, HB GP OSA OSA TI Imaging depth and spatial resolution using the SPDI technique SO BIOMEDICAL TOPICAL MEETINGS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Biomedical Topical Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2000 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL AB The spectral and polarization difference imaging (SPDI) technique is employed for deep subsurface imaging. Experimental results demonstrate 1-cm depth imaging using animal tissues. The spatial resolution as a function of the imaging depth is discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94580 USA. RP Demos, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94580 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-632-X J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 38 BP 197 EP 199 PG 3 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU51D UT WOS:000176203200057 ER PT S AU Ripley, PM Rose, IG Kelley, CA Bigio, IJ Pickard, D Briggs, G Lovatt, L Bown, SG AF Ripley, PM Rose, IG Kelley, CA Bigio, IJ Pickard, D Briggs, G Lovatt, L Bown, SG GP OSA OSA TI A comparison of Artificial Intelligence techniques for spectral classification in the diagnosis of human pathologies based upon optical biopsy SO BIOMEDICAL TOPICAL MEETINGS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Biomedical Topical Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2000 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL ID REFLECTANCE; SCATTERING AB In order to establish the benefits of tissue diagnosis based upon optical biopsy, some form of decision making process is required to determine the pathology. We have compared Neural Networks with Hierarchical clustering for the diagnosis of pathologies in the breast, upper GI and bladder. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ripley, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, BioSci Div, B-2 MS-E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-632-X J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 38 BP 217 EP 219 PG 3 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU51D UT WOS:000176203200063 ER PT S AU Mourant, JR Johnson, TM Omberg, K Freyer, JP AF Mourant, JR Johnson, TM Omberg, K Freyer, JP GP OSA OSA TI Can morphology be determined from polarized light scattering measurements? SO BIOMEDICAL TOPICAL MEETINGS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Biomedical Topical Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2000 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL AB Fiber optic measurements of tissue phantoms, Monte Carlo simulations, and angular dependent scattering of biological cells are used to support the hypothesis that polarized elastic-scattering spectroscopy can measure scatter size and concentration in vivo. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mourant, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Omberg, Kristin/I-5972-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-632-X J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 38 BP 329 EP 331 PG 3 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU51D UT WOS:000176203200099 ER PT J AU Berry, EA Huang, LS Zhang, Z Kim, SH Berkeley, L AF Berry, EA Huang, LS Zhang, Z Kim, SH Berkeley, L TI Quinone binding sites in the avian cytochrome bc(1) complex SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1Subg BP 1A EP 1A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300002 ER PT J AU Baldwin, PR Ludtke, SJ Serysheva, I Cobb, BA Quiocho, F Petrash, M Tsuruta, H Chiu, W AF Baldwin, PR Ludtke, SJ Serysheva, I Cobb, BA Quiocho, F Petrash, M Tsuruta, H Chiu, W TI CTF corrected stucture of alpha-crystallin B by electron cyro-microscopy. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Stanford Univ, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 45Plat BP 8A EP 8A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300046 ER PT J AU Alexov, EG Baciou, L Schiffer, M Sebban, P Hanson, D Gunner, M AF Alexov, EG Baciou, L Schiffer, M Sebban, P Hanson, D Gunner, M TI Modeling the free energy chances due to mutations of residues with multi conformation continuum electrostatic (MCCE) method: Application to reaction center proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. CRNS, CGM, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, CMB, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 179Pos BP 31A EP 31A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300179 ER PT J AU Vigil, DJ Gallagher, SC Trewhella, J Garcia, AE AF Vigil, DJ Gallagher, SC Trewhella, J Garcia, AE TI The n-terminal domain of calcium-bound calmodulin exists in an equilibrium between open and closed conformations SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 176Pos BP 31A EP 31A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300175 ER PT J AU Hura, GLB Sorenson, J Glaeser, RM Head-Gordon, TL AF Hura, GLB Sorenson, J Glaeser, RM Head-Gordon, TL TI Determining hydration forces in protein folding with solution scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 254Pos BP 44A EP 44A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300255 ER PT J AU Miller, LM Vairavamurthy, D Vairavmurthy, A AF Miller, LM Vairavamurthy, D Vairavmurthy, A TI Disulfide bond formation in the folding of ribonuclease a monitored by sulfur X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 253Pos BP 44A EP 44A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300252 ER PT J AU Head-Gordon, T Sorenson, JM Berkeley, L AF Head-Gordon, T Sorenson, JM Berkeley, L TI Redesigning the hydrophobic core of a model beta-sheet protein: Destabilizing traps through a threading approach. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 267Pos BP 46A EP 46A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300267 ER PT J AU Schoenborn, BP Chilcott, TC Cooke, WD Coster, HGL AF Schoenborn, BP Chilcott, TC Cooke, WD Coster, HGL TI Anomalous dielectric behaviour of single crystal glycine near room temperature SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 912Pos BP 155A EP 155A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300904 ER PT J AU Zheng, SY Strzalka, J Ma, C Opella, SJ Ocko, BM Blasie, JK AF Zheng, SY Strzalka, J Ma, C Opella, SJ Ocko, BM Blasie, JK TI Structural studay of the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu VIA synchrotron X-ray reflectivity from langmuir monolayers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 945Pos BP 160A EP 160A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300938 ER PT J AU Sutherland, JC Sutherland, BM AF Sutherland, JC Sutherland, BM TI Quantitation of DNA damage by intact band depletion for heterogeneous DNA populations. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1001Pos BP 170A EP 170A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300991 ER PT J AU Baginski, M Tereszczyn, A Resat, H Borowski, E AF Baginski, M Tereszczyn, A Resat, H Borowski, E TI Distribution of molecular electrostatic potential of structures formed by amphotericin B in membrane. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Gdansk Tech Univ, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RI Baginski, Maciej/C-9201-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1041Pos BP 177A EP 177A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301031 ER PT J AU Jiang, Y Lookman, T Saxena, A AF Jiang, Y Lookman, T Saxena, A TI Phase separation and shape deformation on membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1068Pos BP 182A EP 182A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301062 ER PT J AU Knowles, DW Lelievre, SA Chou, WS Lee, S Wen, W de Solorzano, CO Bissell, MJ Lockett, SJ AF Knowles, DW Lelievre, SA Chou, WS Lee, S Wen, W de Solorzano, CO Bissell, MJ Lockett, SJ TI Quantitative model-based image analysis of sub-visual changes on NuMA distribution links nuclear organization with cell phenotype SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/G-3278-2010 OI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/0000-0001-8720-0205 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1482Pos BP 250A EP 250A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301464 ER PT J AU Huang, RY Miller, LM Chance, MR Carlson, CS Einstein, A AF Huang, RY Miller, LM Chance, MR Carlson, CS Einstein, A TI Study of osteoporotic bone using infrared microspectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1484Pos BP 251A EP 251A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301468 ER PT J AU Barsky, D Foloppe, N MacKerell, AD Wilson, DM Calvin, ME AF Barsky, D Foloppe, N MacKerell, AD Wilson, DM Calvin, ME TI Abasic DNA: New observations from molecular dynamics simulations. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1549Plat BP 262A EP 262A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301530 ER PT J AU Lu, HP Iakoucheva, LM Ackerman, EJ AF Lu, HP Iakoucheva, LM Ackerman, EJ TI Single-molecule DNA damage recognition: DNA-protein protein-protein interaction dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1551Plat BP 262A EP 262A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301531 ER PT J AU Grossman, HL Chemla, YR Lee, TS Clarke, J Adamkiewicz, M Buchanan, BB AF Grossman, HL Chemla, YR Lee, TS Clarke, J Adamkiewicz, M Buchanan, BB TI Squid detection of magnetic bacteria SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1578Plat BP 267A EP 267A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301557 ER PT J AU Hummer, G Garcia, AE Garde, S AF Hummer, G Garcia, AE Garde, S TI Molecular dynamics studies of helix formation in explicit solvent SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Hummer, Gerhard/A-2546-2013 OI Hummer, Gerhard/0000-0001-7768-746X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1583Plat BP 268A EP 268A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301565 ER PT J AU Appleyard, J McMahon, BH Chu, K AF Appleyard, J McMahon, BH Chu, K TI An atomic-scale probe of protein dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. LANL, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1667Pos BP 282A EP 282A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301649 ER PT J AU McMahon, BH Stojkovic, BP Hay, J Martin, R Garcia, A Frauenfelder, H Chu, K Austin, RH Nienhaus, U AF McMahon, BH Stojkovic, BP Hay, J Martin, R Garcia, A Frauenfelder, H Chu, K Austin, RH Nienhaus, U TI Structure/dynamics/function relationship in myoglobin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1671Pos BP 282A EP 282A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301648 ER PT J AU Hud, NV Shen, MR Downing, KH AF Hud, NV Shen, MR Downing, KH TI Sequence-directed control of DNA toroid self-assembly. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Nat Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1826Pos BP 309A EP 309A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301804 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RL Tinoco, I AF Gonzalez, RL Tinoco, I TI Precise bending in a frameshifting RNA pseudoknot determined by nuclear magnetic resonance residual dipolar couplings. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Biol Struct, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1838Pos BP 311A EP 311A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301816 ER PT J AU Kneller, LR Edwards, AM Fischetti, RF Rosenbaum, G Blasie, JK AF Kneller, LR Edwards, AM Fischetti, RF Rosenbaum, G Blasie, JK TI A fast time-framing, high count-rate linear X-ray detector. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, BioCAT, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1922Pos BP 325A EP 325A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301899 ER PT J AU Lee, KYC Majewski, J von Nahmen, A Gopal, A Howes, PB Kjaer, K Smith, GS Zasadzinski, JA AF Lee, KYC Majewski, J von Nahmen, A Gopal, A Howes, PB Kjaer, K Smith, GS Zasadzinski, JA TI Influence of palmitic acid and hexadecanol on the phase transition temperature and molecular packing of dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-choline monolayers at the air-water interface SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Roskilde, Denmark. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1933Pos BP 327A EP 327A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301910 ER PT J AU Nabedryk, E Breten, J Joshi, H Hanson, DK AF Nabedryk, E Breten, J Joshi, H Hanson, DK TI FTIR evidence of proton uptake by Glu L212 upon reduction of Q(a) in reaction centers from RHOdobacter capsulatus. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CEA Saclay, SBE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1997Pos BP 338A EP 338A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301975 ER PT J AU Schumaker, MF Pomes, R Roux, B Cukierman, S AF Schumaker, MF Pomes, R Roux, B Cukierman, S TI New experimental results and an extended model of proton conduction through gramicidin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2050Pos BP 348A EP 348A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302028 ER PT J AU Pratt, LR Rempe, SB Topol, IA Burt, SK AF Pratt, LR Rempe, SB Topol, IA Burt, SK TI Alkali metal ion hydration and energetics of selectivity by ion-channels. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2057Pos BP 349A EP 349A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302037 ER PT J AU Wall, ME Gallagher, SC Tung, CS Trewhella, J AF Wall, ME Gallagher, SC Tung, CS Trewhella, J TI A molecular model of the troponin C/troponin I interaction using constraints from X-ray crystallography, NMR neutron scattering, and cross-linking SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2158Pos BP 366A EP 366A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302137 ER PT J AU Glass, J Chemla, D Weiss, S AF Glass, J Chemla, D Weiss, S TI Using single molecules as local environmental probes for the study of water-glass interfaces SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2261Pos BP 383A EP 383A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302238 ER PT J AU Laurence, TA Deniz, AA Dahan, MB Faulhaber, AE Chemla, DS Weiss, S Schultz, PG AF Laurence, TA Deniz, AA Dahan, MB Faulhaber, AE Chemla, DS Weiss, S Schultz, PG TI End-to-end distance measurements of individual single-stranded DNA polymers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2259Pos BP 383A EP 383A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302237 ER PT J AU Dahan, M Laurence, T Schumacher, A Chemla, DS Alivisatos, AP Sauer, M Weiss, S AF Dahan, M Laurence, T Schumacher, A Chemla, DS Alivisatos, AP Sauer, M Weiss, S TI Fluorescence lifetime study of single Qdots SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Heidelberg, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011; Dahan, Maxime /F-1740-2010; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; Sauer, Markus/C-4378-2017 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X; weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Sauer, Markus/0000-0002-1692-3219 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2270Pos BP 385A EP 385A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302246 ER PT J AU Johnson, CK Sun, HY Squier, TC Osborn, KD O'Hara, PB Xie, XS AF Johnson, CK Sun, HY Squier, TC Osborn, KD O'Hara, PB Xie, XS TI Detection of single-molecule binding of calmodulin to the plasma membrane calcium ATPase and target peptides SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Amherst Coll, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2276Pos BP 386A EP 386A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302252 ER PT J AU Licht, SS Sonnleitner, A Servant, G Bourne, H Chemla, DS Schultz, PG Weiss, S AF Licht, SS Sonnleitner, A Servant, G Bourne, H Chemla, DS Schultz, PG Weiss, S TI Single molecule imaging and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of YFP-fused C5a receptors in living HEK-293 cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2277Pos BP 386A EP 386A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302255 ER PT J AU Sonnleitner, A Mannuzzu, L Chemla, DS Weiss, S Isacoff, E AF Sonnleitner, A Mannuzzu, L Chemla, DS Weiss, S Isacoff, E TI Single molecule imaging and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy as tools for the study of S4 movement in single Shaker K+ channels. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2275Pos BP 386A EP 386A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302254 ER PT J AU Nogales, E Whittaker, M Milligan, RA Downing, KH AF Nogales, E Whittaker, M Milligan, RA Downing, KH TI High resolution structure of the microtubule SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2281Symp BP 387A EP 387A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302260 ER PT J AU Chu, K Vojtechovsky, J McMahon, BH Sweet, RM Berendzen, JR Schlichting, I AF Chu, K Vojtechovsky, J McMahon, BH Sweet, RM Berendzen, JR Schlichting, I TI Crystal structure of a new ligand binding intermediate in wild type carbonmonoxymyoglobin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. MPI Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2319Plat BP 393A EP 393A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302296 ER PT J AU Garcia, AE Hummer, G AF Garcia, AE Hummer, G TI The kinetics of water penetration and escape in proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Hummer, Gerhard/A-2546-2013 OI Hummer, Gerhard/0000-0001-7768-746X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2323Plat BP 394A EP 394A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302301 ER PT J AU Deniz, AA Dahan, M Beligere, GS Laurence, T Martin, A Chemla, DS Dawson, PE Schultz, PG Weiss, S AF Deniz, AA Dahan, M Beligere, GS Laurence, T Martin, A Chemla, DS Dawson, PE Schultz, PG Weiss, S TI Single molecule protein folding studies of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 by guanidine denaturation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Dahan, Maxime /F-1740-2010; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2366Plat BP 401A EP 401A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302342 ER PT J AU Lacoste, TD Michalet, X Pinaud, FF Chemla, DS Alivisatos, AP Weiss, S AF Lacoste, TD Michalet, X Pinaud, FF Chemla, DS Alivisatos, AP Weiss, S TI Super resolution molecular ruler using single quantum dots SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2369Plat BP 402A EP 402A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302344 ER PT J AU Gallagher, SC Wang, X Gao, ZH Dyer, RB Trewhella, J Klee, CB AF Gallagher, SC Wang, X Gao, ZH Dyer, RB Trewhella, J Klee, CB TI Ca2+ binding to calcineurin B studied using site specific mutagenesis and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2572Pos BP 436A EP 436A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302545 ER PT J AU Michalet, X Lacoste, TD Chemla, DS Weiss, S AF Michalet, X Lacoste, TD Chemla, DS Weiss, S TI Single molecule polarization anisotropy study of DNA-intercalating and groove-binding dyes in a combed DNA molecule SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2634Pos BP 447A EP 447A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302610 ER PT J AU Cherezov, VG Qiu, H Retsch, CC McNulty, I Caffrey, M AF Cherezov, VG Qiu, H Retsch, CC McNulty, I Caffrey, M TI Using microfocus diffraction to reveal the underlying mechanism of crystallizing membrane proteins in cubic mesophases. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2852Pos BP 484A EP 484A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302824 ER PT J AU Kuhl, TL Majewski, J Alcantar, N Hu, Y Smith, G Israelachvili, JN AF Kuhl, TL Majewski, J Alcantar, N Hu, Y Smith, G Israelachvili, JN TI Characterization of PEG-lipid monolayers and bilayers: Impact of structure on protein adsorption. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2880Pos BP 489A EP 489A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302855 ER PT J AU Holman, HN Martin, MC Blakely, EA Bjornstad, K McKinney, WR AF Holman, HN Martin, MC Blakely, EA Bjornstad, K McKinney, WR TI IR spectroscopic characteristics of cell cycle and cell death probed by synchrotron radiation based fourier transform IR spectromicroscopy SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE cell cycle; apoptosis; IR spectroscopy; synchrotron; Fourier transform IR; synchrotron radiation based Fourier transform IR spectromicroscopy ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; BEAMLINES; SPECTRA; PROTEIN; TISSUE; LIGHT; FTIR; DNA AB Synchrotron radiation based Fourier transform IR (SR-FTIR) spectromicroscopy allows the study of individual living cells with a high signal to noise ratio. Here we report the use of the SR-FTIR technique to investigate changes in IR spectral features from individual human lung fibroblast (IMR-90) cells in vitro at different points in their cell cycle. Clear changes are observed in the spectral regions corresponding to proteins, DNA, and RNA as a cell changes from the G(1)-phase to the S-phase and finally into mitosis. These spectral changes include markers for the changing secondary structure of proteins in the cell, as well as variations in DNA/RNA content and packing as the cell cycle progresses, We also observe spectral features that indicate that occasional cells are undergoing various steps in the process of cell death. The dying or dead cell has a shift in the protein amide I and II bands corresponding to changing protein morphologies, and a significant increase in the intensity of an ester carbonyl C=O peak at 1743 cm(-1) is observed. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holman, HN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014; OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625; McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 33 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2000 VL 57 IS 6 BP 329 EP 335 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 360VG UT WOS:000089687600002 PM 11054652 ER PT B AU Stringfellow, WT Hines, RD Cockrum, DK Kilkenny, ST AF Stringfellow, WT Hines, RD Cockrum, DK Kilkenny, ST BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Alleman, BC Magar, VS TI Factors influencing biological treatment of MTBE in fixed film reactors SO BIOREMEDIATION AND PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis AB Data from fluidized bed bioreactors treating contaminated ground water at two field sites have been collected and compared to laboratory studies with the objective of improving the reliability of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) biotreatment in the field. Laboratory studies demonstrated that MTBE biodegradation was inhibited by a broad range of compounds, including o-xylene, methanol, toluene, and trichloroethylene (TCE). The general inhibition of MTBE degradation is similar to effects previously observed with nitrifying bacteria. Field data was examined to determine if two inhibitors, toluene and TCE, could be shown to effect MTBE treatment in fluidized bed reactors. It was found that there is a higher probability of poor MTBE removal efficiency during periods of higher toluene loading, but inhibition by TCE was not conclusively demonstrated. Results also show that periods of poor treatment also occur independently of effects attributable to toluene loading alone. These results illustrate the complexity of MTBE treatment and the limitations of using laboratory results to predict results in the field. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Stringfellow, WT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-098-5 PY 2000 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65R UT WOS:000167101800023 ER PT B AU Kinsall, BL Wilson, GV Palumbo, AV AF Kinsall, BL Wilson, GV Palumbo, AV BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Alleman, BC Magar, VS TI The effect of soil heterogeneity on the vadose zone transport of bacteria for bioaugmentation SO BIOREMEDIATION AND PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis AB Heterogeneity in hydraulic, physical and chemical properties of porous media can not only limit microbial dispersion but may also complicate the quantification of microbial transport processes and resultant microbial activities. The objectives of this research were to examine the potential for bacterial transport through an unsaturated soil block under transient flow conditions and to determine the influences of soil properties and phosphate additions. Despite the block consisting of >99% sand and appearing to be completely homogeneous, (i.e. structure-less) flow was extremely heterogeneous, as only 6-16% of the cross-sectional area exhibited flow with 88% of this flow occurring through just 4% of the area. The preferential flow paths exhibiting high and moderate flow rates were spatially consistent among water additions suggesting that soil properties caused the heterogeneity in flow rather than unstable wetting fronts. Transport of the GFP bacteria was extremely rapid with breakthrough occurring at the initiation of flow (0.1 h) and bimodal in fast flow areas. The soil texture, rather than porosity, was the most significant property controlling the microbial transport as areas dominated by fine sand trapped the GFP bacteria. These findings demonstrate how apparent homogeneity in media properties does not equate with homogeneity in flow or transport of solutes and colloids. While bioremedial feasibility studies often center on soil chemical properties, this study indicates that consideration should be given to the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil as well. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kinsall, BL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-098-5 PY 2000 BP 395 EP 403 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65R UT WOS:000167101800050 ER PT J AU Lee, YY Wu, ZW Torget, RW AF Lee, YY Wu, ZW Torget, RW TI Modeling of countercurrent shrinking-bed reactor in dilute-acid total-hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A mathematical model was developed for a countercurrent shrinking-bed reactor to investigate its performance in dilute-acid pretreatment/hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, The results indicate that bed shrinking provides a positive effect on both hemicellulose and cellulose hydrolysis resulting high yield and product concentration. The effect of bed shrinking is more profound on cellulose hydrolysis than on hemicellulose hydrolysis. With dilute sulfuric acid (0.08 wt%) and with optimal adjustment of other operating parameters, the model predicts that near quantitative recovery of hemicellulose sugars is feasible. It further predicts that 80-90% yield with 2-4 wt% product concentration is;attainable from hydrolysis of hardwood cellulose. The model also indicates that acid concentration and temperatures acutely affect the reactor performance in cellulose hydrolysis. In contrast, hemicellulose hydrolysis is less sensitive to acid concentration and temperature allowing broader latitude in operating conditions. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lee, YY (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 12 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00053-X PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 236UA UT WOS:000082616300005 ER PT J AU Barcellos-Hoff, MH Ewan, KBR AF Barcellos-Hoff, MH Ewan, KBR TI Transforming growth factor-beta and breast cancer - Mammary gland development SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1); activation; latent; mammary; proliferation ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TGF-BETA; IN-SITU; CARCINOMA CELLS; II RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; FACTOR-BETA-1; PROLIFERATION; INHIBITION AB Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta (1) is a pluripotent cytokine that profoundly inhibits epithelial proliferation, induces apoptosis, and influences morphogenesis by mediating extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling. The physiologic roles of the action of TGF-beta in mammary gland, indeed in most tissues, are poorly understood. In order to understand the actions of TGF-beta, we need to take into account the complexity of its effects on different cell types and the influence of context on cellular responses. This task is further compounded by multiple mechanisms for regulating TGF-beta transcription, translation, and activity. One of the most significant factors that obscures the action of TGF-beta is that it is secreted as a stable latent complex, which consists of the 24-kDa cytokine and the 80-kDa dimer of its prepro region, called latency-associated peptide. Latency imposes a critical restraint on TGF-beta activity that is often overlooked. The extracellular process known as activation, in which TGF-beta is released from the latent complex, is emphasized in the present discussion of the role of TGF-beta in mammary gland development. Definition of the spatial and temporal patterns of latent TGF-beta activation in situ is essential for understanding the specific roles that TGF-beta plays during mammary gland development, proliferation, and morphogenesis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 74-174,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MHBarcellos-Hoff@lbl.gov RI Ewan, Kenneth/N-3554-2015 OI Ewan, Kenneth/0000-0001-6622-9009 NR 58 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-542X EI 1465-5411 J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 2 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1186/bcr40 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 408PR UT WOS:000167335100006 PM 11250698 ER PT B AU Klett, J Conway, B AF Klett, J Conway, B BE Loud, S Karbhari, V Adams, DO Strong, AB TI Thermal management solutions utilizing high thermal conductivity graphite foams SO BRIDGING THE CENTURIES WITH SAMPE'S MATERIALS AND PROCESSES TECHNOLOGY, VOL 45, BOOKS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Bridging the Centuries with SAMPEs Materials and Processes Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Proc Engn ID INSULATION AB The recent development of light weight foams has led to novel light weight high strength carbon based materials and structures. These materials exhibit very high specific strengths and low thermal conductivities. Likewise, the novel development of a very high thermal conductivity graphite foam will lead to novel "out-of-the-box" solutions for thermal management problems. With a thermal conductivity equivalent to aluminum 6061 and 1/5(th) the weight, this material is an enabling technology for thermal management problems ranging from heat sinks to radiators and satellite panels to aircraft heat exchangers. In addition, the open porosity will lead to novel designs that incorporate porous media heat exchangers and phase change materials. For example, by utilizing the foam as a heat exchanger, heat transfer coefficients over two orders of magnitude greater than current metallic designs have been measured. To further demonstrate this phenomenon, a heat exchanger (radiator) for a passenger automobile has been developed that is significantly smaller in size, and testing has demonstrated feasibility to improve the automobiles aerodynamic efficiency and reduce weight. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Carbon & Insulat Mat Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klett, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Carbon & Insulat Mat Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Klett, James/E-6860-2017 OI Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-86-7 PY 2000 BP 1933 EP 1943 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ88N UT WOS:000089937600174 ER PT S AU Siebert, J Brinkmann, W Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Matsuoka, M AF Siebert, J Brinkmann, W Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Matsuoka, M BE Makishima, K Piro, L Takahashi, T TI The broad band X-ray spectra of intermediate BL Lac objects SO BROAD BAND X-RAY SPECTRA OF COSMIC SOURCES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP European Space Agcy, Int Astronom Union, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Tata Inst Fdn Res, Comm Space Res ID LOUD ACTIVE GALAXIES; ALL-SKY SURVEY; LACERTAE OBJECTS; ROSAT OBSERVATIONS; BLAZARS; IDENTIFICATIONS; SAMPLE AB We present recent X-ray observations of intermediate BL Lac objects (IBLs), i.e. BL Lacs which are located between high-energy and low-energy peaked BL Lac objects with respect to alpha(rx). We briefly discuss the statistical properties of IBLs from the RGB sample and then focus on a detailed broad band spectral analysis of two objects, namely 1424 + 2401 and 1055 + 5644, which were observed with ASCA and SAX, respectively. In both cases the spectra are steep and we find significant curvature in 1424 + 2401 in the sense that the spectrum gets flatter at both low (< 1 keV) and high energies (> 5 keV). Our results are in line with the hypothesis of a continuous distribution of synchrotron peak frequencies among BL Lac objects. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. RP Siebert, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Postfach 1603, D-85740 Garching, Germany. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 729 EP 732 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00830-3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP51E UT WOS:000085367000073 ER PT S AU Shirasaki, Y Matsuoka, M Kawai, N Yoshida, A Namiki, M Sakurai, I Takagishi, K Yamauchi, M Hatsukade, I Fenimore, EE Galassi, H AF Shirasaki, Y Matsuoka, M Kawai, N Yoshida, A Namiki, M Sakurai, I Takagishi, K Yamauchi, M Hatsukade, I Fenimore, EE Galassi, H BE Makishima, K Piro, L Takahashi, T TI Wide-field X-ray monitor for HETE-II SO BROAD BAND X-RAY SPECTRA OF COSMIC SOURCES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP European Space Agcy, Int Astronom Union, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Tata Inst Fdn Res, Comm Space Res AB The re-flight of the High Energy Transient Explorer (HETE) is scheduled in 1999. The Wide-field X-ray Monitor (WXM) is one of the two X-ray detector systems on HETE employed for localizing gamma-ray bursts in real time. It has larger effective area and thus is more sensitive to weaker bursts than the Soft X-ray Camera (SXC), the other position-sensitive instrument which uses CCDs to achieve filler resolution. WXM consists of four Xe-filled 1-D position-sensitive proportional counters, two in the X-direction and two in the Y-direction. The proportional counters and electronics are provided by RIKEN and Miyazaki University, while the coded aperture and on-board localization software is provided by Los Alamos National Laboratory. It is sensitive to X-rays between 2 keV and 25 keV, and is expected to localize gamma-ray bursts with similar to 10' accuracy. We report the preparation status of the hardware, and present the expected performance of WXM. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Miyazaki Univ, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shirasaki, Y (reprint author), Inst Phys & Chem Res, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 893 EP 896 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00862-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP51E UT WOS:000085367000105 ER PT B AU Baugh, RN Hughes, PJ Pierce, FE AF Baugh, RN Hughes, PJ Pierce, FE BE Sioros, D TI Continual improvement of DOE's super ESPC program through project facilitation SO BUILDING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: ENERGY & THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 20-22, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, Int Ground Source Heat Pump Assoc, Alliance Save Energy, Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Fed Energy Management Programs, US Gen Serv Adm,, US EPA Reg IV Headquarters, Natl Fire Protect Assoc, Natl Roofing Contractors Assoc, Power Mkt Assoc, Amer Soc Ind Secur, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co AB Since the inception of the Super Energy Savings Performance Contracting (ESPC) Program in 1997, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has established six regional and three technology-specific Super ESPCs. Dozens of federal agency sites are now in the process of developing Super ESPC delivery orders. Each Super ESPC project is a partnership between a federal agency's acquisition team and an energy service company (ESCO). A DOE project facilitator is assigned to educate the agency team, serve as the agency's representative or consultant, and lead it through the delivery order process to successful completion of the energy-efficiency project. The accumulated experience of the acquisition teams and DOE's project facilitators is beginning to contribute to the Federal Energy Management Program's (FEMP's) efforts to improve and streamline the Super ESPC Program. This paper describes what DOE project facilitators have learned about the areas where agency teams are requiring the most help and describes the strategies project facilitators are using to assure project and overall program success through continual improvement. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baugh, RN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-338-5 PY 2000 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Sciences SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS02W UT WOS:000168377200016 ER PT B AU Sandusky, WF Stoughton, KMM AF Sandusky, WF Stoughton, KMM BE Sioros, D TI Lessons learned: Utility financing of energy efficiency projects at federal sites SO BUILDING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: ENERGY & THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 20-22, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, Int Ground Source Heat Pump Assoc, Alliance Save Energy, Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Fed Energy Management Programs, US Gen Serv Adm,, US EPA Reg IV Headquarters, Natl Fire Protect Assoc, Natl Roofing Contractors Assoc, Power Mkt Assoc, Amer Soc Ind Secur, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sandusky, WF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-338-5 PY 2000 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Sciences SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS02W UT WOS:000168377200017 ER PT B AU Brown, DR Dirks, JA AF Brown, DR Dirks, JA BE Sioros, D TI Evaluation of energy consumption factors at army forces command sites SO BUILDING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: ENERGY & THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 20-22, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, Int Ground Source Heat Pump Assoc, Alliance Save Energy, Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Fed Energy Management Programs, US Gen Serv Adm,, US EPA Reg IV Headquarters, Natl Fire Protect Assoc, Natl Roofing Contractors Assoc, Power Mkt Assoc, Amer Soc Ind Secur, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co AB Energy regulations prescribed by federal legislation and Executive Orders require federal facilities to reduce energy consumption per square foot of building floor space thereinafter referred to as "energy intensity"). Prior regulations required energy intensity to be reduced by 10%, 20%, and 30% relative to a 1985 baseline by the years 1995, 2000, and 2005, respectively(1). Executive Order 13123 recently extended the requirements to a 35% reduction by 2010 relative to 1985. Based on 1998 energy consumption, FORSCOM energy intensity had dropped by 13.7% since 1985. Thus, FORSCOM met the 10% reduction required by 1995, but is far short of the 20%, 30%, and 35% reduction requirements established for 2000, 2005, and 2010, respectively. Moderate success to date and concern about meeting future requirements prompted FORSCOM to initiate an evaluation of factors limiting site energy intensity improvement. The objectives of this assessment included: 1) Identifying the factors affecting energy intensity changes 2) Estimating the impact on energy intensity of these factors, and 3) Developing strategies for reducing energy intensity. This paper reports on the methodology and results for Fort Hood, the first FORSCOM site to be evaluated. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-338-5 PY 2000 BP 161 EP 169 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Sciences SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS02W UT WOS:000168377200026 ER PT B AU Hughes, PJ AF Hughes, PJ BE Sioros, D TI Federal application of geo-exchange technology SO BUILDING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: ENERGY & THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 20-22, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, Int Ground Source Heat Pump Assoc, Alliance Save Energy, Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Fed Energy Management Programs, US Gen Serv Adm,, US EPA Reg IV Headquarters, Natl Fire Protect Assoc, Natl Roofing Contractors Assoc, Power Mkt Assoc, Amer Soc Ind Secur, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co AB The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Programs's geothermal heat pump (GHP or Gee-Exchange) technology-specific program. The goal of the GHP technology-specific program is to harness the purchasing power of the federal government to transition GHP systems from their current status as "proven but under-utilized" to "a mainstream energy cost saving measure" within the next four years. This paper reviews the family of GHP systems, explains why they save energy and money, cites evidence that they also have lower maintenance costs, and reviews feasibility considerations for the family of GHP systems. This information builds a strong case for broader consideration of GHPs in federal facilities and provides a starting point for determining which GHP system may be most advantageous for a given site. Next, the paper provides a brief overview of the GHP technology-specific program, its relationship to other existing GHP programs, and how it plans to work with allied programs to achieve its goal. The paper concludes by identifying the GHP technical resources that federal agencies and others would likely expect to be available four years hence if GHPs are to be considered mainstream by then. The GHP technology-specific program will endeavor to work with allied programs to jointly meet those expectations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hughes, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-338-5 PY 2000 BP 351 EP 356 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Sciences SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS02W UT WOS:000168377200053 ER PT B AU Jarrell, D AF Jarrell, D BE Sioros, D TI An effective architecture for industrial process management SO BUILDING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: ENERGY & THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 20-22, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, Int Ground Source Heat Pump Assoc, Alliance Save Energy, Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Fed Energy Management Programs, US Gen Serv Adm,, US EPA Reg IV Headquarters, Natl Fire Protect Assoc, Natl Roofing Contractors Assoc, Power Mkt Assoc, Amer Soc Ind Secur, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jarrell, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-338-5 PY 2000 BP 409 EP 418 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Sciences SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS02W UT WOS:000168377200062 ER PT J AU Oprea, M Van Nimwegen, E Perelson, AS AF Oprea, M Van Nimwegen, E Perelson, AS TI Dynamics of one-pass germinal center models: Implications for affinity maturation SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ANTIGEN-DRIVEN SELECTION; CENTER B-CELLS; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; ANTIBODY; MUTATION; (4-HYDROXY-3-NITROPHENYL)ACETYL; APOPTOSIS; MEMORY; GENES AB During an immune response, the affinity of antibodies that react with the antigen that triggered the response increases with time, a phenomenon known as affinity maturation. The molecular basis of affinity maturation has been partially elucidated. It involves the somatic mutation of immunoglobulin V-region genes within antigen-stimulated germinal center B cells and the subsequent selection of high affinity variants. This mutation and selection process is extremely efficient and produces large numbers of high affinity variants. Studies of the architecture of germinal centers suggested that B cells divide in the dark zone of the germinal center, then migrate to the light zone, where they undergo selection based on their interaction with antigen-loaded follicular dendritic cells, after which they exit the germinal center through the mantle zone. Kepler and Perelson questioned this architecturally driven view of the germinal center reaction. They, as well as others, argued that the large number of point mutations observed in germinal center B cell V-region genes, frequently 5 to 10 and sometimes higher, would most likely render cells incapable of binding the antigen, if no selection step was interposed between rounds of mutations. To clarify this issue, we address the question of whether a mechanism in which mutants are generated and then selected in one pass, with no post-selection amplification, can account for the observed efficiency of affinity maturation. We analyse a set of one-pass models of the germinal center reaction, with decaying antigen, and mutation occurring at transcription or at replication. We show that under all the scenarios, the proportion of high affinity cells in the output of a germinal center varies logarithmically with their selection probability. For biologically realistic parameters, the efficiency of this process is in clear disagreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, we discuss a set of, possibly counterintuitive, more general features of one-pass selection models that follow from our analysis. We believe that these results may also provide useful intuitions in other cases where a population is subjected to selection mediated by a selective force that decays over time. (C) 2000 Society for Mathematical Biology. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oprea, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433] NR 38 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP 121 EP 153 DI 10.1006/bulm.1999.0144 PG 33 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 274JU UT WOS:000084763400007 PM 10824424 ER PT S AU Laase, AD Rumbaugh, JO Anderman, ER Baker, JL AF Laase, AD Rumbaugh, JO Anderman, ER Baker, JL BE Stauffer, F Kinzelbach, W Kovar, K Hoehn, E TI Application of economic-risk analysis for design and optimization of the Kansas City Plant interceptor system SO CALIBRATION AND RELIABILITY IN GROUNDWATER MODELLING: COPING WITH UNCERTAINTY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ModelCARE 1999 Conference CY SEP, 1999 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Int Technol, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Int Assoc Hydrol Engn & Res, Comm Groundwater Hydraul AB In times of diminishing budgets the act of over-designing remedial systems to compensate for hydraulic parameter and site conceptual-model uncertainty is no longer practical. This new reality creates a necessary compromise between cost and uncertainty. Economic-risk analysis provides the required balance by summing expected remedial system and potential failure costs. Remedial system costs consist of capital and operation and maintenance expenditures. Potential failure costs are the product of the cost of failure and the probability of failure. Cost of failure consists of potential fines and legal expenses associated with remedial system failure and the expense of additional remedial activities needed to rectify the failure. Probability of failure is the likelihood that a remedial design will fail due to hydraulic parameter and site conceptual model uncertainty. Economic-risk analysis was used at the US Department of Energy, Kansas City Plant to design and evaluate various groundwater interceptor systems consisting of vertical and horizontal wells. The probability of failure of the remedial designs was determined using Monte Carlo groundwater flow and particle tracking analysis. Parameter statistical input distributions for the Monte Carlo model were generated from a companion inverse-modelling study that evaluated alternative site conceptual models. Particles outlining the plume were placed within the model domain. If all the particles were captured in a given realization it was deemed a success and given a probability of one. Conversely, if any of the particles escaped capture the realization was considered a failure and given a probability of zero. The overall probability of failure was calculated as the average of all the realization probabilities. Likely remedial design costs were obtained by summing capital and operation and maintenance costs with the expected cost of failure. The optimal design is the one that resulted in the least cost. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. RP Laase, AD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2597 B 3-4 Rd, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-36-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2000 IS 265 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BT63M UT WOS:000173564800007 ER PT J AU Rosemond, AD Mulholland, PJ Brawley, SH AF Rosemond, AD Mulholland, PJ Brawley, SH TI Seasonally shifting limitation of stream periphyton: response of algal populations and assemblage biomass and productivity to variation in light, nutrients, and herbivores SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WOODLAND STREAM; MOUNTAIN STREAM; FOREST STREAM; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; WATER; PERSISTENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; SUCCESSION; IRRADIANCE AB We determined whether there were seasonal changes in the relative importance of consumers and resources in controlling stream periphyton. Our analysis included effects on algal populations and assemblage biomass and productivity. We used factorial experiments in which we manipulated snail densities, irradiance, and streamwater nutrient concentrations during two seasons, fall and spring, and compared responses with previously published summer findings. Periphyton biomass and productivity were much greater when snails were removed and nutrients and light were elevated during all seasons, indicating that all three factors were limiting or nearly limiting throughout the year. However, the relative importance of factors shifted seasonally. Irradiance limited periphyton biomass in summer and fall but not spring. In contrast, nutrients were more limiting in seasons in which light levels were higher: nutrient addition generally resulted in effects of greater magnitude in fall and spring than in summer. Snail growth was stimulated by enhanced irradiance in summer (p = 0.06) and by nutrient addition in fall, indicating resource limitation of both periphyton and snails. However, top-down control of periphyton by snails was also important: snails maintained low biomass assemblages dominated by only a few grazer-resistant species (e.g, basal cells of Stigeoclonium tenue, Chamaesiphon investiens) during all seasons. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rosemond, AD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012 NR 47 TC 98 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 35 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 57 IS 1 BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.1139/cjfas-57-1-66 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 276GY UT WOS:000084870600008 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, JW Jagoe, CH Bryan, AL Brant, HA Burger, J AF Snodgrass, JW Jagoe, CH Bryan, AL Brant, HA Burger, J TI Effects of trophic status and wetland morphology, hydroperiod, and water chemistry on mercury concentrations in fish SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; COASTAL-PLAIN; CAROLINA BAYS; METHYLMERCURY; LAKES; ACCUMULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; SEDIMENTS; ONTARIO AB We sampled fish and selected water chemistry variables (dissolved organic carbon, sulfate, and pH) in nine southeastern depression wetlands to determine relationships among wetland morphology (surface area and maximum depth), hydrology, water chemistry, and bioaccumulation of mercury (Hg) in fishes. We concentrated on three fish species representing the range of trophic levels occupied by fish in southeastern depression wetlands. Whole-body Hg concentrations were lowest in lake chubsucker (Erimyzon sucetta), a benthic detritivore, and highest in redfin pickerel (Esox americanus americanus), a top carnivore. However, variation in Hg concentrations among wetlands was greater than variation among species. Regression analyses indicated that maximum depth and hydroperiod accounted for significant portions of variation among wetlands in standardized lake chubsucker and redfin pickerel Hg concentrations. Maximum depth and dissolved organic carbon had a negative effect on standardized Hg concentrations in mud sunfish (Acantharchus pomotis). Path analysis confirmed the results of regression analyses, with maximum depth and hydroperiod having relatively large direct negative effects on Hg concentrations. Our results suggest that leaching of Hg from sediments during the drying and reflooding cycle and binding of Hg species by dissolved organic carbon in the water column are primary factors controlling the bioavailability of Hg in southeastern depression wetlands. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, CRESP, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Snodgrass, JW (reprint author), Towson State Univ, Dept Biol, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016 NR 48 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 35 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 57 IS 1 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1139/cjfas-57-1-171 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 276GY UT WOS:000084870600018 ER PT S AU Garrett, PE AF Garrett, PE BE Wender, S TI Low-spin collective excitations in deformed nuclei: When is a beta a beta vibration? SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID LOW-ENERGY; STATES AB The 0(2)(+) level in deformed nuclei has historically been given the label beta, even though its properties vary drastically from one nucleus to another. By reviewing models from where the original term beta vibration arose, and appealing to microscopic calculations, guidelines are proposed for the properties of a true beta vibration. An examination of available data, including B(E2) values, rho(2)(E0) values, and single- and two-nucleon-transfer populations, shows that very few 0(2)(+) levels satisfy the criteria for a beta vibration. It is suggested that pairing excitations may be praying a dominant role. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Garrett, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 66 EP 73 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100008 ER PT S AU Luke, SJ Dietrich, FS Chadwick, MB Gossett, CA Kaplan, MS McLain, BT Vandenbosch, R Kicinska-Habior, M AF Luke, SJ Dietrich, FS Chadwick, MB Gossett, CA Kaplan, MS McLain, BT Vandenbosch, R Kicinska-Habior, M BE Wender, S TI High energy gamma rays from p+X, X = Cu, Ag, Au at 34 MeV SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID NUCLEAR BREMSSTRAHLUNG PRODUCTION; PHOTONS AB In this paper we present results from the measurement of the gamma ray yield in the reaction of 34-MeV protons on Cu, Ag and Au. The protons were produced by the University of Washington superconducting linac. The gamma rays were measured using a large NaI and two large BaF2 detectors. Angular distributions were obtained for each of the three targets. Data for the Cu and Ag target were taken at six lab angles between 35 and 135 degrees, while data were taken at eight lab angles between 35 and 135 degrees for the Au target. The data were compared to several models. These included Hauser-Feshbach and direct-semidirect (DSD) calculations. We also compared the measurements to proton-nucleus bremsstrahlung calculations. The bremsstrahlung calculations greatly underpredicted the cross section and produced an angular distribution which was too Bat. The Hauser-Feshbach calculations reproduced the yield of the softer portion of the spectrum reasonably well for all three targets. The DSD calculations reproduced the yield and angular distributions quite well for energies above about 20 MeV. However, the yields were underpredicted in the 15-18 MeV region, which suggests that multistep mechanisms may be needed for this target. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Luke, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 152 EP 159 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100018 ER PT S AU Carpenter, MP AF Carpenter, MP BE Wender, S TI How far from stability can we go using Gammasphere and the ANL Fragment Mass Analyzer? SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID IN-BEAM; NO-254 AB Gammasphere is the pre-eminent detector for gamma-ray spectroscopy studies in the United States. The device consists of up to 110 Compton-Suppressed Ge detectors, and offers excellent energy resolution (2.3 keV at 1 MeV) and an order of magnitude increase in photopeak efficiency over previous Ge-arrays ( 10% at 1 MeV). Since early January 1998, Gammasphere has begun a cycle of experiments at the ATLAS accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory. As of this writing, 100 experiments have been carried out. A subset of these experiments have utilized Gammasphere coupled to the Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA), a high resolution mass spectrometer which transports reaction products produced at the target position and disperses them by their mass/charge ratio at the focal plane. This presentation will highlight some of the physics issues being addressed by the utilization of these two devices in tandem. More specifically, experiments directed at studying (i) N=Z nuclei at the edges of stability, (ii) the properties of excited states in proton emitters (iii) the stability and shapes of very heavy nuclei will be presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carpenter, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 175 EP 183 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100021 ER PT S AU Younes, W Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Garrett, PE McGrath, CA McNabb, DP Johns, GD Nelson, RO Wilburn, WS AF Younes, W Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Garrett, PE McGrath, CA McNabb, DP Johns, GD Nelson, RO Wilburn, WS BE Wender, S TI Nuclear science at GEANIE SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID FISSION AB GEANIE at LANSCE/WNR combines the precision energy resolution of germanium detectors with the advantages of a '"white" source providing neutrons with energies 1 < E-n(MeV) < 250 to address a variety of topics in nuclear physics. We present the analysis of two data sets, n+U-235 and n+Mo-92, acquired at GEANIE during the 1998 beam cycle. These data showcase the breadth of subjects under study at this facility, including the spectroscopy of stable and near-stable nuclei, reaction dynamics, fission studies, and the relative population of isomer and ground states in neutron-induced reactions. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Younes, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 192 EP 199 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100023 ER PT S AU Smith, MS Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Browne, E Firestone, RB Hale, GM Hoffman, RD Ma, ZW McLane, V Norman, EB Shu, NC Smith, DL Van Wormer, LA Woosley, SE Wu, SC AF Smith, MS Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Browne, E Firestone, RB Hale, GM Hoffman, RD Ma, ZW McLane, V Norman, EB Shu, NC Smith, DL Van Wormer, LA Woosley, SE Wu, SC BE Wender, S TI Recent nuclear astrophysics data activities in the US SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID CROSS-SECTIONS; REACTION-RATES; AL-26; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; SUPERNOVAE; RATIO; BEAM AB Measurements in nuclear physics laboratories form the empirical foundation for new, realistic, sophisticated theoretical models of a wide variety of astrophysical systems. The predictive power of these models has, in many instances, a strong dependence on the input nuclear data, and more extensive and accurate nuclear data is required for these models than ever before. Progress in astrophysics can be aided by providing scientists with more usable, accurate, and significant amounts of nuclear data in a timely fashion in formats that can be easily incorporated into their models. A number of recent data compilations, evaluations, calculations, and disseminations that address nuclear astrophysics data needs will be described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smith, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 243 EP 251 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100029 ER PT S AU Helmer, RG van der Leun, C AF Helmer, RG van der Leun, C BE Wender, S TI Recommended standards for gamma-ray energy calibration SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID AVOGADRO CONSTANT; DECAY; REMEASUREMENT AB A consistent set of gamma-ray energies, generally with uncertainties of less than 10 ppm, has been prepared by evaluation of measured data for 58 radionuclides which generally have half-lives greater than 30 days. The energy scale used for the previously recommended standards (1979) has been modified to take into account subsequent adjustments in the fundamental constants (-7.71 ppm) and in the gamma-ray wavelengths deduced from the lattice spacing of Si crystals (+1.91 ppm). On this revised energy scale, the strong line from Au-198 has an energy of 411. 802 05 +/- 0.000 17 keV. This evaluation has included as input data(1) the absolute wavelengths for 22 lines from 5 radionuclides (measured with double-flat crystal spectrometers); (2) the relative wavelengths for 89 lines from 21 radionuclides (measured with curved-crystal spectrometers); (3) the gamma-ray energy differences for about 375 pairs involving essentially all of the nuclides (measured with Ge semiconductor detectors); and gamma-ray energies from 69 lines from 11 nuclides (measured with Ge semiconductor detectors). A significant improvement since the 1979 evaluation has come from the reduction in the uncertainty in the wavelength-to-keV conversion factor from 2.6 to 0.3 ppm. The gamma-ray energies reported here are all on this 'wavelength' scale and range from 24 to 4806 keV. The list of recommended energies includes about 260 gamma rays from 50 radionuclides. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Helmer, RG (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 276 EP 283 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100033 ER PT S AU Koehler, PE AF Koehler, PE BE Wender, S TI New (88)S4(n,gamma) astrophysical reaction rate from resonance analysis of new high-resolution neutron capture and transmission data SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID S-PROCESS AB Because of its small cross section, the Sr-88(n,gamma) reaction is an important bottleneck during a-process nucleosynthesis. Hence, an accurate determination of this rate is needed to better constrain the neutron exposure in s-process models and to more fully exploit the recently discovered isotopic anomalies in certain meteorites. We have completed the resonance analysis of our new and improved measurements of the neutron capture and total cross sections for Sr-88 made at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA). We describe our experimental procedures and resonance analysis, compare our results to previous data, and discuss their astrophysical impact. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Koehler, PE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100040 ER PT S AU Vetter, K AF Vetter, K BE Wender, S TI GRETA: A new concept for gamma-ray spectroscopy SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID SPECTROMETER; DETECTORS AB Gamma-ray tracking is a new concept for the detection of gamma radiation. One proposed implementation of this concept, called GRETA for Gamma Ray Energy Tracking Array, aims at an improvement in nuclear physics and is based on an array of highly segmented KPGe detectors. Ne have developed new techniques to determine three-dimensional positions and energies of interactions based on pulse-shape analysis in a two-dimensionally segmented Ge detector and algorithms which use these informations to reconstruct the scattering sequence of gamma rays, even if many gamma rays hit the array at the same time. Such a detector will have a high efficiency and a good peak-to-background ratio, an excellent Doppler-shift correction and high count rate capability, as well as a high polarization sensitivity. However, the concept will not only improve the sensitivity for gamma rays in nuclear physics but large potential gain is also possible in other areas, such as gamma-ray imaging used in astrophysics or medicine. Recent progress indicates that this type of detector system appears to Be feasible for an efficient gamma-ray tracking device and would have a large impact on a wide variety of physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vetter, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 364 EP 383 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100043 ER PT S AU McNabb, DP Becker, JA Archer, D Bernstein, LA Drake, DM Garrett, PE Johns, GD McGrath, CA Nelson, RO Stoyer, MA Wilburn, WS Younes, W AF McNabb, DP Becker, JA Archer, D Bernstein, LA Drake, DM Garrett, PE Johns, GD McGrath, CA Nelson, RO Stoyer, MA Wilburn, WS Younes, W BE Wender, S TI Neutron-induced partial gamma-ray cross-section measurements with GEANIE at LANSCE/WNR SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr AB GEANIE is the first large-scale Ge detector array used in conjunction with a high-energy neutron spallation source. GEANIE consists of eleven Compton-suppressed planar detectors, nine suppressed and six unsuppressed co-axial detectors. Spallation neutrons are provided by the LANSCE/WNR facility, and reaction neutron energies are determined via time-of-flight. Neutron flux is monitored in-beam with a fission chamber. GEANIE at LANSCE/WNR currently emphasizes the measurement of partial gamma-ray cross sections as a function of neutron energy. Absolute cross section measurements require a complete understanding of array performance. Important effects include intrinsic detector efficiency, beam and detector geometry corrections, target attenuation, and deadtime. Measurements and calculations of these effects will be presented for the specific cases of iron and actinide targets. The use of radioactive targets incurs a large deadtime penalty. In order to increase data throughput we are making plans to move to a triggerless data acquisition system. These modifications and other improvements to the electronics for better timing will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McNabb, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 384 EP 391 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100044 ER PT S AU Johnson, AS Hale, GM AF Johnson, AS Hale, GM BE Wender, S TI R-matrix studies of astrophysical capture reactions SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID C-12(ALPHA,GAMMA)O-16 CROSS-SECTIONS; STELLAR ENERGIES; N-16 AB We report the recent results of a-matrix analyses of light systems directed at obtaining capture cross sections for reactions of interest in nuclear astrophysics. The two examples discussed are H-1(n,gamma)H-2 and C-12(alpha,gamma)O-16. Th, first reaction is important in Big-Bang nucleosynthesis at energies well up into hundreds of keV. The second reaction is crucial for determining the relative abundances of carbon and oxygen at the end of the helium-burning phase, but at energies below the range of current measurements. In both cases, the direct measurements are rather sparse and sometimes difficult to interpret because of level-structure uncertainties. However, the analyses we will describe make use of auxiliary data to determine the cross sections over wide ranges of energies, including those of astrophysical interest. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 466 EP 472 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100054 ER PT S AU Saunders, A Bowles, T Hill, R Hogan, G Lamoreaux, S Marek, L Morris, CL Seestrom, S Teasdale, W Smith, DA Liu, CY Hoedl, S Young, A Filippone, B Ito, TM Yuan, J Geltenbort, P AF Saunders, A Bowles, T Hill, R Hogan, G Lamoreaux, S Marek, L Morris, CL Seestrom, S Teasdale, W Smith, DA Liu, CY Hoedl, S Young, A Filippone, B Ito, TM Yuan, J Geltenbort, P BE Wender, S TI A new solid deuterium source of ultra-cold neutrons SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID BETA-DECAY ASYMMETRY C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Saunders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 539 EP 546 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100064 ER PT S AU Hayes, AC Zanini, L AF Hayes, AC Zanini, L BE Wender, S TI Systematic studies of P-violation in (n, gamma) reactions on compound nuclear systems SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID PARITY NONCONSERVATION; NEUTRON RESONANCES; U-238 AB In the last decade, a remarkable technique was developed for studying symmetry violation in nuclei: scattering of polarized neutrons at compound nucleus resonances. In heavy nuclei, resonances are close together in energy, in some cases, less than a few eV, and effects of symmetry-violation in neutron reactions can be magnified, sometimes by factors of 10(6). p-wave resonances in nuclei such as La-139 and Th-232 are found to exhibit longitudinal analyzing powers in neutron transmission measurements of up to 10%. Extracting detailed information on the interplay between the weak and strong interactions at play in these reactions has been hampered by the difficulties involved in developing the required theoretical tools. In this paper we examine the possibilities of carrying out a parallel program to measure asymmetries in the (n,gamma) reaction on these same compound nuclear resonances. Symmetry-violating (n, gamma) studies can show asymmetries as large as 10%, and have an advantage over transmission experiments because of the additional P-odd correlations dependent on the momentum and helicity of the photon that arise. These additional correlations provide an independent and significant probe of parity violation in the compound nucleus. Studies of parity violation in the (n, gamma) reaction using high efficiency germanium detectors at the Los Alamos Lujan facility, for example, could determine the weak P-odd matrix elements in complex nuclei with high accuracy. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hayes, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 555 EP 562 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100066 ER PT S AU Moller, P Madland, DG Iwamoto, A AF Moller, P Madland, DG Iwamoto, A BE Wender, S TI Calculation of onset of fission mass asymmetry based on 5-dimensional 2 500 000 grid-point potential-energy surfaces SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr AB We calculate complete fission potential-energy surfaces for five shape coordinates: elongation, neck radius, light-fragment deformation, heavy-fragment deformation, and mass asymmetry for even nuclei in the range 82 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 100. The potential energy is calculated in terms of the macroscopic-microscopic model with a folded-Yukawa single-particle potential and a Yukawa-plus-exponential macroscopic model. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moller, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 690 EP 692 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100100 ER PT S AU Frankle, SC Young, PG AF Frankle, SC Young, PG BE Wender, S TI Improved photon-production data for thermal-neutron capture in ENDF SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr AB High-quality photon-production data from thermal-neutron-capture reactions are important for many applications, including oil-well logging, planetary gamma-ray spectroscopy, and environmental techniques. Radiation-transport codes usually access photon-production data from the national U.S. nuclear database, ENDF/B. To improve the photon-production data for thermal-neutron capture, we have compiled and evaluated the energies and intensities of gamma rays for most naturally occurring isotopes with Z<31 and for a few heavy isotopes. The new compilation of photon-production data is being incorporated into the latest ENDF/B evaluations for each isotope and will be provided for future releases of the ENDP/B database. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Frankle, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 697 EP 699 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100102 ER PT S AU Reedy, RC Frankle, SC AF Reedy, RC Frankle, SC BE Wender, S TI Neutron-capture yields for gamma-ray spectroscopy SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr AB Energies and yields for the gamma rays produced by the capture of thermal neutrons with most isotopes with Z less than or equal to 30 and a few heavier elements have been compiled and evaluated. Many of the adopted yields are better than those in previous compilations. Existing capture gamma-ray measurements for several elements are poor, and better measurements are needed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reedy, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-2,Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 700 EP 702 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100103 ER PT S AU Zanini, L Becvar, F Corvi, F Honzatko, I Krticka, M Postma, H Tomandl, I AF Zanini, L Becvar, F Corvi, F Honzatko, I Krticka, M Postma, H Tomandl, I BE Wender, S TI Capture gamma-ray spectroscopy with Ag-107, Ag-109 and In-115 for parity violation and nuclear structure studies SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr ID CASCADES AB Recent results from measurements performed at the GELINA and Rez reactor facilities in the neutron resonance and thermal energy regions with targets of Ag-107,Ag-109 and In-115 are presented. These measurements are of interest for parity violation and photon strength function studies. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zanini, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tomandl, Ivo/G-7816-2014 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 719 EP 721 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100109 ER PT S AU Guber, KH Leal, LC Sayer, RO Spencer, RR Koehler, PE Wright, RQ Harvey, JA Hill, NW AF Guber, KH Leal, LC Sayer, RO Spencer, RR Koehler, PE Wright, RQ Harvey, JA Hill, NW BE Wender, S TI Neutron capture and neutron total cross sections measurements for Al-27 at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr AB We have used die Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) to measure neutron total and capture cross sections of Al-27 in the energy range from 100 eV to similar to 400 keV. We report the resonance parameters as well as the Maxwellian average capture cross sections. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37921 USA. RP Guber, KH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37921 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-952-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 529 BP 737 EP 739 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ75H UT WOS:000089403100115 ER PT J AU Tomasik, P Schilling, C Anderegg, J Refvik, M AF Tomasik, P Schilling, C Anderegg, J Refvik, M TI Starch-lanthanum complexes SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch-lanthanum complex; thermogravimetric analysis; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; differential thermal analysis ID BEHAVIOR; OXIDE AB Starch-lanthanum complexes were produced by the reaction of soluble starch:lanthanum triisopropoxide [La(OPr-i)(3)] using the proportions 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The reactions were performed by either of the two methods: (i) 48 h of reflux in dry toluene under argon and (ii) by heating for 20-30 min in a microwave oven at high energy. Starch dextrinization resulted from the microwave-induced reaction of starch with lanthanum chloride. Depending on the reaction method and reagent proportions, different starch-lanthanum complexes were formed according to thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The latter method proved the chemical bonding of lanthanum to starch. A product with intermolecular O-La(OPr-i)-O bridges was synthesized by reacting toluene with a 1:1 reagent blend. A starch-lanthanum complex with intramolecular O-La(OPr-i)-O bridges formed upon microwave heating the same blend. Increased concentrations of the lanthanum reagent resulted in products simultaneously having intra- and inter-molecular oxygen-lanthanum bridges. Excess, unreacted lanthanum reagent remained in the final product in the case of the 1:3 starch:lanthanum reagent blends. Starch-lanthanum complexes readily hydrolyzed in open air. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Agr, Dept Chem, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tomasik, P (reprint author), Univ Agr, Dept Chem, Al Mickiewicza 21, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(99)00045-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 258QQ UT WOS:000083850200008 ER PT J AU Shim, HS Hurt, RH Yang, NYC AF Shim, HS Hurt, RH Yang, NYC TI A methodology for analysis of 002 lattice fringe images and its application to combustion-derived carbons SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE char; combustion; TEM; crystal structures, textures ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; COAL; MICROTEXTURE; CHAR; EVOLUTION; CRYSTALLINITY; REACTIVITY; CHEMISTRY; MODEL; COKE AB A technique is presented for semi-quantitative digital analysis of 002 lattice fringe images of carbon materials. The automated technique yields statistics on fringe length and tortuosity, as well as new quantitative parameters describing the mode, degree, and length scale of orientational order among graphene layers. The technique is applied to combustion-derived carbons with special emphasis on the nanostructural characterization of a variety of solid fuel chars as a function of residence time. During the combustion of pulverized coal and biomass (120 ms at 1700-1900 K), the main features of char nanostructure are established early, near the end of the rapid, in-flame pyrolysis. Only for the high-volatile bituminous coals is the nanostructural order in the young chars significantly altered by the subsequent char combustion process. A noteworthy general observation is the presence of two distinct length scales for orientational order in most chars. At short length scales (<30 Angstrom) a high degree of orientational order is observed reflecting the presence of small molecular orientation domains. At larger length scale (>30 Angstrom), a lesser but significant degree of orientational order is still present among the distinct domains. Quantitative analysis of this low-grade long-range order using Maier-Saupe theory indicates that it cannot arise by a liquid crystal mechanism. Long-range orientational order in these samples can thus be classified as 'mesophasic', exhibiting a high degree of order arising through liquid crystal formation in the fluid phase of pyrolysis (or retention of anisotropy in very high rank coals), and 'statistical', perhaps arising from elongational strain during carbonization. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hurt, RH (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Box D,182 Hope St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 41 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00096-2 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 266JA UT WOS:000084295800005 ER PT J AU Zerda, TW Xu, W Zerda, A Zhao, Y Von Dreele, RB AF Zerda, TW Xu, W Zerda, A Zhao, Y Von Dreele, RB TI High pressure Raman and neutron scattering study on structure of carbon black particles SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon black; high pressure; Raman spectroscopy; neutron scattering; crystal structure ID DIFFRACTION; SPECTRUM; GRAPHITE AB High pressure Raman and neutron scattering study of carbon blacks and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite is reported. It is found that carbon black particles are composed of graphitic nanocrystallites and amorphous carbon. Pressure-induced order in inter-atomic distances within nanocrystallites is completely reversible. Relative concentration of amorphous carbon decreases slightly with increased pressure. This process differs from temperature induced transformation of amorphous carbon into ordered carbon. Post-production treatment at high temperatures results in lateral and vertical growth of graphitic crystallites, and at sufficiently high temperatures almost all amorphous carbon is transformed into graphitic structures. Within the pressure range under study, 5 GPa, only a small fraction of amorphous carbon is transformed into ordered structures Pressure induced frequency shift of the E-2g bands of various carbon blacks is explained in terms of a modified intermolecular potential. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Zerda, TW (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00111-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 285DN UT WOS:000085374500003 ER PT J AU Khalili, NR Pan, MZ Sandi, G AF Khalili, NR Pan, MZ Sandi, G TI Determination of fractal dimensions of solid carbons from gas and liquid phase adsorption isotherms SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; amorphous carbon; adsorption; surface properties; microporosity ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; POROUS MATERIALS; SURFACES; CHEMISTRY; MODEL; PORES AB The total surface area, micropore volume, and fractal dimensions of five different carbons (Sorbonorite 4, GAC 1240, and three amorphous carbons) were evaluated from analysis of gas (N-2) and liquid (phenanthrene) adsorption isotherm data. The modified BET and fractal Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) models were used to estimate surface fractal dimensions. Micropore volumes were estimated from Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) plots and were compared to those calculated from standard N-2 adsorption isotherm data using de Beer's t-method. The estimated surface fractal dimensions using the modified BET and FHH models (D-S = 3 + 3h, and P/P-0 from 0.0 to 0.4) were (2.7, 2.6, 2.1, 2.4, and 2.1) and (2.5, 2.6, 1.9, 2.3, and 1.9), respectively. The FHH fractal analysis suggested that van der Waals forces are the dominant interaction forces between nitrogen and carbon surfaces. Depending on the method of analysis, the fractal dimensions of the carbons with suggested micropore structure, Sorbonorite 4 and GAC 1240, were 2.5-2.9 and 2.6-2.9, respectively. Analysis of the adsorption-desorption data suggested that amorphous carbons with fractal dimensions of 2.1 (from the modified BET model) have smooth surfaces, with respect to their micropore structure. Further analysis of the adsorption data showed that the slopes of the linear segment of the plots of adsorption potential versus relative amount adsorbed are dependent on the pore size range and surface structure (fractal dimension) of the carbons. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khalili, NR (reprint author), IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 573 EP 588 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00143-8 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 297FH UT WOS:000086070900010 ER PT J AU Howe, JY Jones, LE Coffey, DW AF Howe, JY Jones, LE Coffey, DW TI The evolution of microstructure of CVD diamond by oxidation SO CARBON LA English DT Letter DE diamond; chemical vapor deposition; oxidation; microstructure ID FILMS; TEXTURE C1 Alfred Univ, Sch Ceram Engn & Mat Sci, New York State Coll Ceram, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, LE (reprint author), Alfred Univ, Sch Ceram Engn & Mat Sci, New York State Coll Ceram, 2 Pine St, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2000 VL 38 IS 6 BP 931 EP 933 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00032-4 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 311BH UT WOS:000086864200019 ER PT J AU Klett, J Hardy, R Romine, E Walls, C Burchell, T AF Klett, J Hardy, R Romine, E Walls, C Burchell, T TI High-thermal-conductivity, mesophase-pitch-derived carbon foams: effect of precursor on structure and properties SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE graphite; mesophase pitch; graphitization; X-ray diffraction; thermal conductivity ID INSULATION AB Pitch-based carbon foams are not new, but the development of high thermal conductivity foams for thermal management applications has yet to be explored. The research reported here focused on a novel foaming technique and the evaluation of the foaming characteristics of two mesophase pitches (Mitsubishi ARA24 and Conoco Dry Mesophase). After graphitization to 2800 degrees C, densities of the graphite foams ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 g/cm(3), with average pore diameters ranging from 275 to 350 mu m for the ARA24-derived foams, and from 60 to 90 mu m for the Conoco-derived foams. Scanning electron microscopy and polarized light optical microscopy were performed to characterize the cell walls, revealing highly aligned graphitic-like structures along the axis of the ligaments. Analysis of X-ray diffraction results determined that the foams exhibited average interlayer (d(002)) spacings as low as 0.3355 nm, stack heights (L(c)) up to 80 nm and crystallite sizes (L(c)) UP to 20 nm. Finally, thermal diffusivity measurements were pet-formed revealing that the bulk thermal conductivity varied with density from 40 to 150 W/m K. The specific thermal conductivities of the graphitized foams were more than six times greater than solid copper. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Carbon & Insulat Mat Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Conoco Inc, Ponca City, OK 74602 USA. RP Burchell, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Carbon & Insulat Mat Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM burchelltd@cornl.gov RI Burchell, Tim/E-6566-2017; Klett, James/E-6860-2017 OI Burchell, Tim/0000-0003-1436-1192; Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649 NR 39 TC 261 Z9 293 U1 16 U2 112 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2000 VL 38 IS 7 BP 953 EP 973 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00190-6 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 318AK UT WOS:000087261000001 ER PT J AU Jayatissa, AH Sato, F Saito, N Hirano, Y Takizawa, K AF Jayatissa, AH Sato, F Saito, N Hirano, Y Takizawa, K TI Characterization of diamond-like carbon clusters deposited by pulsed ArF laser deposition SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon films; laser irradiation; atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy; surface properties ID ELECTRON FIELD-EMISSION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; ABLATION; SCATTERING; GRAPHITE; GROWTH AB Structural and surface properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) clusters deposited by pulsed ArF laser deposition on Si wafers, a-Si:H, and glass substrates are described. It was found that DLC films deposited in H-2 ambient have a faceted morphology even at room temperature. Separated G (graphite) and D (disordered) Raman bands appeared for films deposited at high temperature (>300 degrees C), and this phenomenon was more pronounced when the films were deposited in hydrogen than in vacuum. Faceted morphology was also observed for films deposited in vacuum condition at a substrate temperature above 200 degrees C. The formation of carbon clusters was greater on the a-Si:H substrate and lower on the glass substrate when compared with the Si wafer. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NHK Japan Broadcasting Corp, NHK Sci & Tech Res Lab, Tokyo 157, Japan. RP Jayatissa, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,CHM MSD-200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2000 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1145 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00233-X PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 321AL UT WOS:000087432700006 ER PT J AU Bragg, RH AF Bragg, RH TI Comments on "The characterization of ultrafine carbon powders by SAXS and Raman spectra" SO CARBON LA English DT Letter DE X-ray scattering C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bragg, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2000 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1523 EP 1524 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00125-1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 336CJ UT WOS:000088284100016 ER PT J AU Khalili, NR Campbell, M Sandi, G Golas, J AF Khalili, NR Campbell, M Sandi, G Golas, J TI Production of micro- and mesoporous activated carbon from paper mill sludge - I. Effect of zinc chloride activation SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; carbonization; activation; adsorption; adsorption properties ID CHEMICAL ACTIVATION; SURFACE-AREA; POROSITY; STEAM; PYROLYSIS; ZNCL2; GAS AB A series of micro- and mesoporous activated carbons were produced from paper mill sludge using a modified carbonization methodology. N-2-adsorption isotherm data and mathematical models such as the D-R equation, alpha(s)-plot, and MP and BJH methods were used to characterize the surface properties of the produced carbons. Results of the surface analysis showed that paper mill sludge can be economically and successfully converted to micro- and mesoporous activated carbons with surface areas higher than 1000 m(2)/g. Activated carbons with a prescribed micro- or mesoporous structure were produced by controlling the amount of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) used during chemical activation. Pore evolvement was shown to be most affected by the incremental addition of ZnCl2. Increasing the ZnCl2 to sludge ratio from 0.75 to 2.5 resulted in a 600% increase in the mesopore volume. ZnCl2 to sludge ratios less than 1 and greater than 1.5 resulted in the production of micro- and mesoporous carbons, respectively. At a ZnCl2 to sludge ratio of 3.5, an activated carbon with a predominantly (80%) mesoporous structure was produced. The calculated D-R micropore volumes for activated carbons with the suggested microporous structure were in good agreement with those obtained from the a; method, while estimated micropore volumes from the cr, method deviated markedly from those obtained from the D-R equation for carbons with a predominantly mesoporous structure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Min & Met, Int Sch Technol, Fac Min Surveying & Environm Engn, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Khalili, NR (reprint author), IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, 10 W 33rd St, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 26 TC 144 Z9 157 U1 12 U2 64 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2000 VL 38 IS 14 BP 1905 EP 1915 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00043-9 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 363LN UT WOS:000089837300001 ER PT S AU Muscatello, AC Houts, MG AF Muscatello, AC Houts, MG BE McMillen, KR TI Surplus weapons-grade plutonium: A resource for exploring and terraforming Mars SO CASE FOR MARS VI: MAKING MARS AN AFFORDABLE DESTINATION SE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Case for Mars Conference CY JUL 17-20, 1996 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Univ Colorado HO UNIV COLORADO AB With the end of the Cold War, greater than 100 metric tons (MT) of weapons-grade plutonium (WGPu) have become surplus to defense needs in the United States and the Former Soviet Union. This paper proposes an option for WGPu disposition, i.e., use of the plutonium as a fuel for nuclear reactors for Mars exploration and eventual terraforming. WGPu was used in nuclear weapons because it has a much smaller critical mass than highly enriched uranium, allowing lighter weapons with consequent longer ranges. Similarly, WGPu reactors would also require smaller amounts of fuel to attain a critical mass, making the reactor much lighter overall and resulting in large savings in launch costs. The >100 MT of WGPu would generate about 1,000 billion kilowatt hours of heat energy, much of which could be converted into electricity. The waste heat would also be useful to a Martian outpost or colony. A potential way of getting the WGPu reactors into space is a large gas gun like that being developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to orbit materials by achieving high velocity at the surface, greatly reducing launch costs and enhancing reliability. Reactor components would be launched on conventional rockets or space shuttles, the reactor fuel rods would be injected into orbit using the gas gun, and the reactor would be assembled in space. Implementation of this proposal would allow disposition of a serious, expensive problem on Earth by removing the WGPu from the planet and simultaneously provide a very large energy resource for Mars exploration and terraforming. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Muscatello, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS A140 ACM K551 MGH, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0278-4017 BN 0-87703-461-3 J9 SCI TECH PY 2000 VL 98 BP 483 EP 490 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BP90G UT WOS:000086547500046 ER PT B AU Conca, JL Lu, NP Parker, G Moore, B Adams, A Wright, J Heller, P AF Conca, JL Lu, NP Parker, G Moore, B Adams, A Wright, J Heller, P BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Gibbs, JT Means, JL TI PIMS - Remediation of metal contaminated waters and soils SO CASE STUDIES IN THE REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis ID APATITE AB Phosphate-Induced Metal Stabilization (PIMS) stabilizes a wide range of metals, especially uranium (U), plutonium (Pu) and lead (Pb), in situ or ex situ, by chemically binding them into new stable phosphate phases and other low-solubility phases that are stable over geologic time. Although some form of apatite is necessary, most apatites do not have the suitable characteristics of no substituted F, high degree of substituted CO32-, low initial trace metal concentrations, extremely poor crystallinity coupled with random nanocrystallites, and high microporosity necessary for optimal performance in the field. A special form of apatite, Apatite II, has been found to be the most reactive, most cost-effective apatite available, having optimal structural and chemical characteristics for metal and radionuclide remediation. This technology has been successfully demonstrated on contaminated soil and groundwater for U, Pb, Pu, Cd, Zn and Cu from mining sites and from DOE sites. C1 LANL, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lu, NP (reprint author), LANL, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-101-9 PY 2000 BP 319 EP 326 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65T UT WOS:000167102000041 ER PT J AU Xie, SB Bell, AT AF Xie, SB Bell, AT TI An in situ Raman study of dimethyl carbonate synthesis from carbon dioxide and methanol over zirconia SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dimethyl carbonate; zirconia; methanol; carbon dioxide; Raman spectroscopy ID AEROGEL CATALYSTS; ADSORPTION; DECOMPOSITION; CU/ZRO2/SIO2; TEMPERATURE; MOLECULES; CU/SIO2 AB In situ Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the mechanism of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis via the reaction of methanol with carbon dioxide over zirconia. Methanol adsorption leads to the appearance of adsorbed methoxide groups. whereas CO2 adsorption leads to the formation of carbonate species. Monomethyl carbonate species. (CH3O)COO(Zr)(2). are formed by the reaction of methoxide and monodentate carbonate species and DMC is formed via the further reaction of monomethyl carbonate species with methanol. This sequence is supported by evidence that DMC decomposition on zirconia proceeds via the reverse of the proposed mechanism. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xie, SB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 26 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 34 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2000 VL 70 IS 3-4 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1023/A:1018837317910 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 430QD UT WOS:000168585300008 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Somorjai, GA AF Kim, SH Somorjai, GA TI Polymer growth mode on the heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyst: active sites at the bottom of the growing polymer layer SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ziegler-Natta; model catalyst; active site; monomer diffusion; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; laser reflection interferometry ID NASCENT POLYPROPYLENE PARTICLES; OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION; PARAMETER; PROPENE AB By alternating the supply of propylene and ethylene monomers, alternating polypropylene and polyethylene films were produced on one model Ziegler-Natta catalyst. This way, we could show that the active polymerization sites remain under the growing polymer films and thus the monomer molecules must transport through the growing polymer to the active sites. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2000 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1023/A:1019075218358 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 337LD UT WOS:000088361500002 ER PT J AU Ramos, ALD Kim, SH Chen, PL Song, JH Somorjai, GA AF Ramos, ALD Kim, SH Chen, PL Song, JH Somorjai, GA TI Reaction pathway studies of C-6 hydrocarbons on palladium model catalysts: effects of hydrogen/hydrocarbon ratio, molecular structure, surface structure and temperature SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hexane; palladium model catalysts; Pd(111); hydrogenolysis; hydrocracking; hydrogen; hydrocarbons ID N-HEXANE CONVERSION; SOLID-STATE NMR; REFORMING REACTIONS; BASIC MATERIALS; C-13; HYDROGENOLYSIS; MECHANISM; PD/AL2O3; METALS; ISOMERIZATION AB Reaction pathways of C-6 hydrocarbons, such as hydrogenolysis, dehydrogenation, aromatization and dehydrocyclization, have been studied on small surface area palladium model catalysts, including Pd(111) single crystal and polycrystalline palladium foil. These reactions were performed in a batch reactor, at atmospheric pressure and at two different temperatures (573 and 673 K). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, EQ, COPPE, NUCAT, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Chen, Peilin/E-2728-2010 OI Chen, Peilin/0000-0003-4154-0487 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 11 DI 10.1023/A:1019091305212 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 308JP UT WOS:000086707700002 ER PT J AU Romm, L Somorjai, GA AF Romm, L Somorjai, GA TI Formation of CmHn (m >= 3, n <= m) hydrocarbons from C-1 and C-2 molecules by high-temperature (>= 1000 degrees C), short-contact-time (1-10 ms) nozzle beam reactions SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE methane; ethane; acetylene; benzene; longer chain hydrocarbons; supersonic nozzle beam; contact time; reaction order ID CATALYTIC SUPERSONIC NOZZLE; ALKANES AB A nozzle, fabricated from nickel, molybdenum, iron, palladium, and quartz was utilized to produce longer chain hydrocarbons, CmHn (m greater than or equal to 3, n less than or equal to m) from C-2 (ethane, acetylene) and C-1 (methane) reactants at nozzle temperature range 1000-1150(degrees)C. The conversion of ethane was close to 100% at T-noz=1000(degrees)C, while that of methane reached 20% at T-noz=1150(degrees)C. The contact time in the nozzle is in the 10(-3)-10(-2) s range. The reactions are first and higher order in reactant pressure. The reaction mechanism involves the formation of free radicals at the nozzle surface followed by gas-phase reactions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Romm, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2000 VL 64 IS 2-4 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1023/A:1019032330286 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 280JH UT WOS:000085099300003 ER PT J AU Salazar, MR Kress, JD Redondo, A AF Salazar, MR Kress, JD Redondo, A TI Dissociation of molecular oxygen on unpromoted and cesium-promoted Ag(111) surfaces SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE O-2 dissociation on Ag; thermochemistry; density functional theory calculations; olefin epoxidation ID SELECTIVE ETHYLENE OXIDATION; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; DIPPED ADCLUSTER MODEL; AG SURFACE; CATALYTIC-OXIDATION; OLEFIN EPOXIDATION; SILVER SURFACES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ADSORPTION; O-2 AB Density functional calculations for the dissociation of molecular oxygen on a Ag-10 cluster model (seven surface and three subsurface atoms) of the [111] surface of silver are presented. The calculations show that the reaction pathway for the dissociation of molecular oxygen depends on the amount of cesium present on the surface. For the unpromoted surface, dissociation should have a low rate as the process is activated. As a single Cs atom is added to the cluster, O-2 should readily dissociate since the process is kinetically and thermochemically favored. However, as a second Cs atom is added, the dissociation of O-2 is quenched as the process is highly activated. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Salazar, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 2000 VL 64 IS 2-4 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1023/A:1019011725743 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 280JH UT WOS:000085099300006 ER PT J AU Gilbert, CJ Han, YS Kim, DK Ritchie, RO AF Gilbert, CJ Han, YS Kim, DK Ritchie, RO TI Anomalous cyclic fatigue-crack propagation behavior of small cracks in monolithic, grain-bridging ceramics SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE fatigue; fracture; mechanical properties; SiC ID TOUGHENED SILICON-CARBIDE; RESISTANCE-CURVE BEHAVIOR; B-C ADDITIONS; GROWTH; TOUGHNESS AB Cyclic fatigue properties of two monolithic, high-toughness SIC ceramics were examined, with emphasis placed on differences between long- (>3 mm) and small-crack (<250 mu m) behavior. Studies were performed on two microstructures in which sintering additives were systematically varied. Small cracks were initiated with Vickers indents placed on the tensile surfaces of beams, and crack extension was monitored optically under an applied cyclic load. For small cracks, high growth rates which exhibited a negative dependence on the farfield driving force were observed. Such behavior was rationalized both in terms of indent-induced residual stresses and the relative size of cracks compared to bridging zone lengths. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd and Techna S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Yusong Gu, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kim, Do Kyung/C-2039-2011 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kim, Do Kyung/0000-0001-9092-9427 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 2000 VL 26 IS 7 BP 721 EP 725 DI 10.1016/S0272-8842(00)00010-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 344JN UT WOS:000088755600006 ER PT J AU Mika, M Hrma, P Schweiger, MJ AF Mika, M Hrma, P Schweiger, MJ TI Rheology of spinel sludge in molten glass SO CERAMICS-SILIKATY LA English DT Article AB Spinel sludge, which forms while vitrifying high-level waste, obstructs the flow of molten glass and damages the melter The effectiveness of removing spinel sludge from a high-level waste glass melter depends on its rheological behavior We prepared spinel sludge in a laboratory crucible by allowing spinel to settle from molten glass and measured the response of the sludge to shear using a rotating spindle viscometer. The shear stress increased nonlinearly with the velocity gradient (the shear rate) and with rime at a constant velocity gradient, as is typical for a pseudoplastic rheopectic liquid. The apparent viscosity of the sludge substantially increased when RuO2 needles were present. C1 Inst Chem Technol, Dept Glass & Ceram, CR-16628 Prague, Czech Republic. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mika, M (reprint author), Inst Chem Technol, Dept Glass & Ceram, Tech 5, CR-16628 Prague, Czech Republic. EM Martin.Mika@vscht.cz NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, DEPT GLASS CERAMICS PI PRAGUE PA TECHNICKA 5, PRAGUE 166 28, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0862-5468 J9 CERAM-SILIKATY JI Ceram.-Silik. PY 2000 VL 44 IS 3 BP 86 EP 90 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 369BP UT WOS:000090152200002 ER PT B AU Bjorken, JD AF Bjorken, JD BE Chen, LHY Jesudason, JP Lai, CH Oh, CH Phua, KK Tan, EC TI The future of particle physics SO CHALLENGES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Sciences: Mathematics and Theoretical Physics CY MAR 13-17, 2000 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP Minist Educ, Singapore Totalistor Board, Lee Fdn, Se Asian Math Sci, Shaw Fdn, Natl Sci & Technol Board, Singapore Airlines, World Sci Publish Co AB After a very brief review of twentieth century elementary particle physics, prospects for the next century are discussed. First and most important are technological limits of opportunities; next, the future experimental program, and finally the status of the theory, in particular its limitations as well as its opportunities. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bjorken, JD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4646-3 PY 2000 BP 276 EP 298 PG 23 WC Mathematics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BT37Z UT WOS:000172812900012 ER PT B AU Perry, M Agarwal, D AF Perry, M Agarwal, D BE Khosrowpour, M TI Remote control for videoconferencing SO CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of the Information-Resources-Management-Association CY MAY 21-24, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Informat Resources Management Assoc AB We have designed, implemented and deployed a camera control system and a conference controller that provide remote control capabilities for videoconferencing over the Internet. The camera control system allows users to pan, tilt, and zoom the cameras, switch between cameras, and get a picture-in-picture view from their desktops. The conference controller allows conference participants to not only start and stop the media tools an a remote host, bur also to dynamically change settings and turn transmission on and off It supports the vic (video) and vat (audio) Internet videoconferencing tools and enhances their usability by providing an integrated and secure user interface for local and remote control of these applications. This paper describes the design and implementation of the camera control system (devserv and camclnt) and the conference controller (confcntlr). The remote control capabilities offered by these tools have changed the videoconferencing paradigm to one of telepresence. With these tools remote users can "walk" around the room,focus in on objects, and actively participate rather than just observe. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MPerry@lbl.gov; DDAgarwal@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING PI HERSHEY PA 1331 E CHOCOLATE AVE, HERSHEY, PA 17033-1117 USA BN 1-878289-84-5 PY 2000 BP 1 EP 5 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Management SC Computer Science; Business & Economics GA BQ96N UT WOS:000165161400001 ER PT B AU Blejwas, TE Sanders, TL Eagan, RJ Baker, AB AF Blejwas, TE Sanders, TL Eagan, RJ Baker, AB BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Nuclear energy and security SO CHALLENGES TO NUCLEAR POWER IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Energy Forum CY NOV 05-06, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Global Fdn Inc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Blejwas, TE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46491-8 PY 2000 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR86J UT WOS:000167857400006 ER PT S AU Stroud, PD Cunningham, CT Guethlein, G AF Stroud, PD Cunningham, CT Guethlein, G BE Gardner, PJ TI Rapid detection and classification of aerosol events based on changes in particle size distribution SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE aerosol detection; feature space; adaptive algorithm; information extraction AB A methodology is presented that allows aerosol particle size data to be used to indicate when an abnormal aerosol event may be occurring. Such data can be collected from an array of commercially available particle counter-sizers. The methodology employs two main elements: a detection element that recognizes when an aerosol concentration spike event is occurring; and a classification element that classifies aerosol events as normal (e.g. dust kicked up by wind gust or generated by normal vehicular activity) or abnormal (e.g. mistakenly released non-indigenous aerosol material). The detection element is based on observation of statistically significant rises in the aerosol concentration level, during an appropriate time interval. The classification element uses a new three dimensional feature space that highlights relevant differences in the aerosol particle size distribution function. The classifier adapts to the local environment by learning the region of the feature space that is occupied by normal aerosol events. Observations which then fall significantly outside this region are classified as abnormal. The methodology was developed using a set of atmospheric aerosol data containing over 600,000 observed aerosol particle size distributions, under both normal conditions, and with intentionally introduced abnormal aerosol. An implementation of the methodology is described. Many abnormal aerosol events in the data set are demonstrated to be distinguishable from normally occurring aerosol events. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stroud, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-F607, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3662-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4036 BP 42 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.394078 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BR35K UT WOS:000166173500006 ER PT J AU Muzzi, CM Medforth, CJ Smith, KM Jia, SL Shelnutt, JA AF Muzzi, CM Medforth, CJ Smith, KM Jia, SL Shelnutt, JA TI Synthesis and characterization of a chiral nonplanar porphyrin SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED PORPHYRINS; PYRIDINE AB The chiral nonplanar porphyrin zinc(II) 3,7,8,12,13,17,18-heptabromo-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin has been synthesized and its properties investigated. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Nanomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Medforth, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Medforth, Craig/D-8210-2013; REQUIMTE, FMN/M-5611-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013; Smith, Kevin/G-1453-2011 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Medforth, Craig/0000-0003-3046-4909; Smith, Kevin/0000-0002-6736-4779 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 2 BP 131 EP 132 DI 10.1039/a908269g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 277WZ UT WOS:000084957700011 ER PT J AU Kavallieratos, K Sachleben, RA Van Berkel, GJ Moyer, BA AF Kavallieratos, K Sachleben, RA Van Berkel, GJ Moyer, BA TI Novel dual-host approach in ion pair extraction: a simple tripodal nitrate host facilitates CsNO3 transfer to 1,2-dichloroethane by a large crown ether SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; ANION; RECOGNITION; RECEPTORS; BINDING; ENCAPSULATION; COMPLEXATION; SELECTIVITY; STRONTIUM; WATER AB The readily available benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide 1 enhances CsNO3 extraction by tetrabenzo-24-crown-8 via hydrogen bonding to the nitrate anion, as demonstrated by NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Chem Separat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moyer, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Chem Separat Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 44 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 3 BP 187 EP 188 DI 10.1039/a908562i PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 278MG UT WOS:000084993100004 ER PT J AU Dai, S Ju, YH Gao, HJ Lin, JS Pennycook, SJ Barnes, CE AF Dai, S Ju, YH Gao, HJ Lin, JS Pennycook, SJ Barnes, CE TI Preparation of silica aerogel using ionic liquids as solvents SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Ionic liquids have been used as effective solvents to synthesize aerogels; a long aging time can be used to produce stable aerogel structures without the need for supercritical drying processes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 20 TC 193 Z9 204 U1 15 U2 141 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 3 BP 243 EP 244 DI 10.1039/a907147d PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 278MG UT WOS:000084993100032 ER PT J AU Carter, CAG Baker, RT Nolan, SP Tumas, W AF Carter, CAG Baker, RT Nolan, SP Tumas, W TI Enhanced regioselectivity of rhodium-catalysed alkene hydroboration in supercritical carbon dioxide SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES AB Catalysed alkene hydroboration proceeds in supercritical CO2 with several rhodium(I) complexes using tunable fluorinated ligands and shows higher regioselectivity relative to tetrahydrofuran or perfluoromethylcyclohexane. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Tumas, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Nolan, Steven/C-8465-2013 OI Nolan, Steven/0000-0001-9024-2035 NR 21 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 5 BP 347 EP 348 DI 10.1039/a909636a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 286UL UT WOS:000085466500011 ER PT J AU Ji, HF Finot, E Dabestani, R Thundat, T Brown, GM Britt, PF AF Ji, HF Finot, E Dabestani, R Thundat, T Brown, GM Britt, PF TI A novel self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coated microcantilever for low level caesium detection SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; CANTILEVERS AB We report a new sensor concept based on an ion-selective SAM modified microcantilever which can detect caesium ion concentrations in situ in the range 10(-11)-10(-7) M and shows potential for use in developing a new family of real time in situ metal ion sensors with high sensitivity/selectivity and low cost, for chemical and biological applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dabestani, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008,Ms-6100, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 6 BP 457 EP 458 DI 10.1039/a908143g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 292YA UT WOS:000085822200014 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Guzei, IA Angelici, RJ AF Reynolds, MA Guzei, IA Angelici, RJ TI Organometallic models of catalytic hydrodesulfurization: Re-2(CO)(10)-promoted cleavage of C-S bonds in benzothiophene SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID THIOPHENE AB Ultraviolet photolysis of hexanes solutions containing Re-2(CO)(10) and benzothiophene (BT) give the C-S cleavage product Re-2(CO)(7)[eta(2)(C2,C3)-mu(2)(C2,S)-BT] 1 which reacts with PMe3 at room temperature to yield two phosphine-substituted products, 2 and 3, in which the fragmented BT ligand is partially displaced from the metals; molecular structures of 1, 2 and 3 are models for possible intermediates in the HDS of BT on catalyst surfaces. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Mol Struct Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 6 BP 513 EP 514 DI 10.1039/a909161k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 292YA UT WOS:000085822200042 ER PT J AU Cameron, TM Ortiz, CG Abboud, KA Boncella, JM Baker, RT Scott, BL AF Cameron, TM Ortiz, CG Abboud, KA Boncella, JM Baker, RT Scott, BL TI Molybdenum eta(2)-imine complex formation and the reductive coupling of imines SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BIS(IMIDO) ALKENE COMPLEXES; TERT-BUTYL ISOCYANIDE; TRIAMIDOAMINE COMPLEXES; ARYLOXIDE COMPLEXES; REACTIVITY; TITANIUM; TANTALUM; IMIDO; DINITROGEN; INSERTION AB Addition of imine PhN=C(Ar)R (Ar = Ph, R = Me; p-MeOC6H4, R = H) to (PhN)Mo(TMS-o-pda)(CH2=CMe2) 1 [TMS-o-pda = bis(trimethylsilyl)-o-phenylenediamide] affords the corresponding eta(2)-imine complexes (PhN)Mo(TMS-o-pda)[PhN=C(Ar)R] 2a and 2b; analogous reactions with aldimines RN=C(H)Ar (Ar = p-MeOC6H4, R = CH2Ph, Et) afford products (PhN)Mo(TMS-o-pda)[RNC(H)ArC(H)ArNR] 3a and 3b resulting from reductive imine coupling, providing the first example of facile and general Mo(IV) eta(2)-imine complex formation. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boncella, JM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 7 BP 573 EP 574 DI 10.1039/b000355g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 302PB UT WOS:000086373000023 ER PT J AU John, KD Salazar, KV Scott, BL Baker, RT Sattelberger, AP AF John, KD Salazar, KV Scott, BL Baker, RT Sattelberger, AP TI Chemistry of M(allyl)(3) (M = Rh, Ir) compounds: structural characterization of tris(allyl)iridium complexes with phosphorus ligands SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; SILICA; ALUMINA; TITANIA; RHODIUM AB While addition of phosphorus ligands such as P(OPh)(3) to Rh(allyl)(3) gives monovalent Rh(allyl)L-2, the iridium analog gives stable mixed sigma/pi-tris(allyl) complexes, as evidenced by the structural characterization of mono-, bi-, and tri-dentate ligand complexes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat Chem Sci & Technol D, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat Chem Sci & Technol D, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; John, Kevin/0000-0002-6181-9330 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 7 BP 581 EP 582 DI 10.1039/a910164k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 302PB UT WOS:000086373000027 ER PT J AU Ji, HF Dabestani, R Brown, GM Sachleben, RA AF Ji, HF Dabestani, R Brown, GM Sachleben, RA TI A new highly selective calix[4]crown-6 fluorescent caesium probe SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED LIQUID MEMBRANES; ALKALI-METAL IONS; 1,3-ALTERNATE CONFORMATION; CALIX<4>ARENE CROWN-6; CESIUM-ION; ETHERS; WASTE AB We have synthesized 1,3-alternate di-deoxygenated calix[4](9-cyano-10-anthrylmethyl)benzocrown-6, 1 and 1,3-alternate calix[4](9-cyano-10-anthrylmethyl)benzocrown-6, 2 as the second generation of caesium selective fluorescent probes; probe 1 shows 54-fold fluorescence enhancement upon caesium complexation while 2 exhibits only 8-fold enhancement; the selectivity ratios for 1 to complex caesium ion over potassium and rubidium (K-Cs/K-K and K-Cs/K-Rb) are ca. 10 fold higher than those of 2 for the same ions; the observed selectivity ratios are consistent with data reported for other 1,3-alternate calix[4]crown-6 derivatives. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dabestani, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008,MS-6100, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 10 BP 833 EP 834 DI 10.1039/a908720f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 311TD UT WOS:000086900800013 ER PT J AU Balema, VP Dennis, KW Pecharsky, VK AF Balema, VP Dennis, KW Pecharsky, VK TI Rapid solid-state transformation of tetrahedral [AlH4](-) into octahedral [AlH6](3-) in lithium aluminohydride SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SODIUM ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; METAL HYDRIDES AB Polycrystalline LiAlH4 transforms into polycrystalline Li3AlH6 and Al during short time (5 min) ball-milling with 3 mol% TiCl4 at room temperature; solid-state rearrangement of tetrahedral [AlH4](-) into octahedral [AlH6](3-) at ambient conditions was previously unknown; this transformation does not occur during ball-milling of pure LiAlH4 or in the presence of 3 mol% TiCl4 without mechanochemical treatment. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pecharsky, VK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 14 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 17 BP 1665 EP 1666 DI 10.1039/b004144k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 347EQ UT WOS:000088914800053 ER PT J AU de Rege, FM Morita, DK Ott, KC Tumas, W Broene, RD AF de Rege, FM Morita, DK Ott, KC Tumas, W Broene, RD TI Non-covalent immobilization of homogeneous cationic chiral rhodium-phosphine catalysts on silica surfaces SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ENANTIOSELECTIVE HYDROGENATION REACTIONS; MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; MCM-41; COMPLEXES; SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; OLEFINS AB Non-covalent immobilization of [(R,R)-Me-(DuPHOS)Rh(COD)]OTf by interaction of the triflate counter ion with surface silanols of silica supports leads to an active, stable, enantioselective, asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst. C1 Bowdoin Coll, Dept Chem, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Broene, RD (reprint author), Bowdoin Coll, Dept Chem, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. OI de Rege, Francis/0000-0003-0013-5856 NR 25 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 18 BP 1797 EP 1798 DI 10.1039/b003354p PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 352VQ UT WOS:000089238900045 ER PT J AU Palacio, M Mansuy-Mouries, V Loire, G Le Barch-Ozette, K Leduc, P Barkigia, KM Fajer, J Battioni, P Mansuy, D AF Palacio, M Mansuy-Mouries, V Loire, G Le Barch-Ozette, K Leduc, P Barkigia, KM Fajer, J Battioni, P Mansuy, D TI A new general method for selective beta-polynitration of porphyrins; preparation and redox properties of Zn-porphyrins bearing one through to eight beta-nitro substituents and X-ray structure of the first Zn beta-pernitro porphyrin SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID METALLOPORPHYRINS; CATALYSTS AB Selective beta-polynitration of Zn-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin, Zn(TDCPP), is achieved by controlled titration with the HNO3-CF3SO3H-(CF3SO2)(2)O system, and affords a full series of Zn porphyrins bearing one through to eight beta-nitro groups in high yield and exhibiting a wide range of reduction potentials (from -920 to +155 mV vs. SCE); an X-ray structure of the first reported beta-pernitrated Zn porphyrin Zn(TDCPN8P)(EtOH)(2). 2EtOH confirms the synthetic methodology. C1 Univ Paris 05, UMR 8601, F-75270 Paris 06, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mansuy, D (reprint author), Univ Paris 05, UMR 8601, 45 Rue St Peres, F-75270 Paris 06, France. RI Mansuy, Virginie/A-2472-2017 OI Mansuy, Virginie/0000-0003-1804-4848 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 19 BP 1907 EP 1908 DI 10.1039/b004160m PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 358AH UT WOS:000089534700041 ER PT J AU Giesbrecht, GR Shafir, A Arnold, J AF Giesbrecht, GR Shafir, A Arnold, J TI Zirconium complexes of a tacn-derived amido ligand and ring-opening to form a new diamido-amino pincer SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LIVING POLYMERIZATION; GROUP-4 COMPLEXES; ALKYL DERIVATIVES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALPHA-OLEFINS; CONTAIN; TITANIUM; 1-HEXENE; TANTALUM AB The tribenzyl complex (Pr(2)(i)tacn)Zr(CH2Ph)(3) eliminates toluene upon heating with concomitant ring-opening of the anionic ancillary macrocycle to yield [CH2=CHNCH2CH2N(Pr-i)CH2CH2NPri]Zr(CH2Ph)(2); the latter features a new class of dianionic pincer ligand. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Shafir, Alexandr/D-1676-2009; Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Shafir, Alexandr/0000-0002-8127-2299; Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 21 BP 2135 EP 2136 DI 10.1039/b005675h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 367FY UT WOS:000090052100028 ER PT J AU Reisner, BA Lee, Y Hanson, JC Jones, GA Parise, JB Corbin, DR Toby, BH Freitag, A Larese, JZ Kahlenberg, V AF Reisner, BA Lee, Y Hanson, JC Jones, GA Parise, JB Corbin, DR Toby, BH Freitag, A Larese, JZ Kahlenberg, V TI Understanding negative thermal expansion and 'trap door' cation relocations in zeolite rho SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; X-RAY AB In situ time-resolved synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction studies indicate that the negative thermal expansion and 'trap door' cation relocations observed in zeolite rho result from water-mediated chemical changes that occur during dehydration. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Univ Bremen, Fachbereich Geowissensch Kristallog, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Parise, JB (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM John.Parise@sunysb.edu RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016; OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; Reisner, Barbara/0000-0003-3160-0351 NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 22 BP 2221 EP 2222 DI 10.1039/b006929i PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 371QF UT WOS:000165189100021 ER PT J AU Zaban, A Chen, SG Chappel, S Gregg, BA AF Zaban, A Chen, SG Chappel, S Gregg, BA TI Bilayer nanoporous electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; SEMICONDUCTOR-FILMS; SEPARATION AB The fabrication of a new bilayer TiO2/Nb2O5 nanoporous electrode that improves the performance of dye sensitized solar cells by more than 35% is reported. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Chem, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zaban, A (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Chem, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. NR 13 TC 212 Z9 216 U1 5 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 22 BP 2231 EP 2232 DI 10.1039/b005921h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 371QF UT WOS:000165189100026 ER PT J AU Sygula, A Marcinow, Z Fronczek, FR Guzei, I Rabideau, PW AF Sygula, A Marcinow, Z Fronczek, FR Guzei, I Rabideau, PW TI The first crystal structure characterization of a semibuckminsterfullerene, and a novel synthetic route SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CORANNULENE; BUCKYBOWLS; CYCLOPENTACORANNULENE; DERIVATIVES; FULLERENES; C36H12 AB Tetrabromosemibuckminsterfullerene 6, obtained by a novel synthetic route, is converted to the tetramethyl derivative 7; X-ray crystal structure determination of the latter reveals a highly nonplanar, bowl-shaped molecule with solvating CCl4 molecules separating the hydrocarbon moieties. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70103 USA. RP Sygula, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 24 BP 2439 EP 2440 DI 10.1039/b007771m PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 381WK UT WOS:000165786600015 ER PT J AU Sohlberg, K Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST AF Sohlberg, K Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST TI The bulk and surface structure of gamma-alumina SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE gamma-alumina; transition aluminas; surfaces; hydrogen content ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; TRANSITION ALUMINAS; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; ALPHA-ALUMINA; LEWIS ACIDITY; GRAIN-GROWTH; GAMMA-AL2O3; ATOMS AB Despite its widespread use, the composition and structure of gamma-alumina have been the subject of controversy for decades. In this article we review the historical attempts to resolve two principal questions that have each been extensively debated, but in independent communities: (1) What is the distribution of vacancies over the two cation sublattices in the nominal spinel structure, and (2) what is the hydrogen content of gamma-alumina, if any? We then review how recent investigations have shown that these two questions are, in fact, related, and have a single resolution. The experimental study of gamma-alumina surfaces has long been dominated by IR spectroscopy of the hydroxylated surfaces, and Al-27 NMR. Both techniques have produced perplexing results. Here we review the development of these surface studies and parallel computational studies. Finally, we review recent computational results that explain the puzzling experimental findings. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Sohlberg, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 70 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 8 U2 44 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PY 2000 VL 181 BP 107 EP 135 DI 10.1080/00986440008912818 PG 29 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 352NM UT WOS:000089224800007 ER PT J AU Nikravesh, M Farell, AE Stanford, TG AF Nikravesh, M Farell, AE Stanford, TG TI Control of nonisothermal CSTR with time varying parameters via dynamic neural network control (DNNC) SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DNNC; nonisothermal CSTR; time varying parameters ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; CONTROL STRATEGY AB Dynamic neural network control (DNNC) is a model predictive control strategy potentially applicable to nonlinear systems. It uses a neural network to model the process and its mathematical inverse to control the process. The advantages of single hidden layer DNNC are threefold: First, the neural network structure is very simple, having limited nodes in the hidden layer and output layer for the SISO case. Second, DNNC offers potential for better initialization of weights along with fewer weights and bias terms. Third, the controller design and implementation are easier than control strategies such as conventional and hybrid neural networks without loss in performance. The objective of this paper is to present the basic concept of single hidden layer DNNC and illustrate its potential. In addition, this paper provides a detailed case study in which DNNC is applied to the nonisothermal CSTR with time varying parameters including activation energy (i.e., deactivation of catalyst) and heat transfer coefficient (i.e., fouling). DNNC is compared with PID control. Although it is clear that DNNC will perform better than PID, it is useful to compare PID with DNNC to illustrate the extreme range of the nonlinearity of the process. This paper represents a preliminary effort to design a simplified neural network-based control approach for a class of nonlinear processes. Therefore, additional work is required for investigation of the effectiveness of this approach for other chemical processes such as batch reactors. The results show excellent DNNC performance in the region where conventional PID control fails. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 EI 1873-3212 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 76 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S1385-8947(99)00108-4 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 269TZ UT WOS:000084494800001 ER PT B AU Stein, DJ Hetherington, DL AF Stein, DJ Hetherington, DL BE Opila, RL Ali, I Arimoto, YA Homma, Y ReidsmaSimpson, C Sundaram, KV TI Review and experimental analysis of oxide CMP models SO CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PLANARIZATION IN IC DEVICE MANUFACTURING III, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Chemical Mechanical Planarization in Integrated Circuit Device Manufacturing CY OCT 20-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div ID MECHANICAL POLISHING PROCESSES AB Four models of material removal mechanisms proposed for silicon dioxide chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) are reviewed. These models are based on the assumption of purely mechanical removal. The differences between these models arise from the assumptions made during derivation. We studied the fit of experimental data to each model. Experimental data was obtained with five slurries composed of either silica or ceria based colloids at varying pH. Five different oxide materials (all SiO2-based) were polished with these slurries. Analysis of variance showed that the four models fit the experimental data equally well. Two of the models showed better accuracy after removing the data obtained from the most chemically active slurries and films. Experimental data showed that under typical CMP conditions a pressure threshold in the polish rate is not observed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stein, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1084, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-260-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 37 BP 217 EP 233 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BP98L UT WOS:000086805700022 ER PT B AU Verhoff, M AF Verhoff, M BE Opila, RL Ali, I Arimoto, YA Homma, Y ReidsmaSimpson, C Sundaram, KV TI Mechanistic study of dielectric chemical mechanical polishing by spectral and scaling analysis of atomic force microscope images SO CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PLANARIZATION IN IC DEVICE MANUFACTURING III, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Chemical Mechanical Planarization in Integrated Circuit Device Manufacturing CY OCT 20-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div ID SURFACES AB Thermal oxide and PETEOS oxide surfaces, polished on an IPEC 472 with different combinations of polish pad, slurry, and polishing conditions, were studied with ex situ atomic force microscopy. The post polish surfaces were analyzed qualitatively by visual inspection and quantitatively by spectral and scaling analyses. Spectral and scaling analyses gave consistent interpretations of morphology evolution. Polishing with either a fixed abrasive pad or alumina-based slurry occurred via a mechanism for which asperities are removed and recesses are filled. A sputtering-type mechanism may have contributed to material removal when polishing with silica- or ceria-based slurries. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Verhoff, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, MS 1077, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-260-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 37 BP 239 EP 260 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BP98L UT WOS:000086805700024 ER PT B AU Szecsody, JE Williams, MD Fruchter, JS Vermeul, VR Evans, JC Sklarew, DS AF Szecsody, JE Williams, MD Fruchter, JS Vermeul, VR Evans, JC Sklarew, DS BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Chen, ASC TI Influence of sediment reduction on TCE degradation SO CHEMICAL OXIDATION AND REACTIVE BARRIERS: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; IRON AB A field-scale remediation technique for TCE and chromate is currently being implemented which uses a chemical treatment to reduce existing iron(III) in sediments. While reduction of some contaminants is well established, TCE data show that dechlorination is more complex, and the role of iron oxides to catalyze the reaction is not well understood. The purpose of this laboratory-scale study was to investigate the influence of temperature and partial sediment reduction on TCE dechlorination. Fully reduced sediments can degrade TCE at sufficiently fast rates (1.2 to 19 h) during static and transport experiments over 2 degrees C to 25 degrees C that a successful barrier could be made at the field scale. In contrast, partially reduced sediment resulted in up to a 3 order of magnitude decrease in the TCE dechlorination rate. While minimally reduced sediment had nearly no TCE reactivity, > 40% reduced sediment had considerably faster dechlorination rates. The second-order dependence of the TCE dechlorination rate on the fraction of reduced iron demonstrates the significant role of the iron oxide surface (as a catalyst or for surface coordination) for TCE dechlorination. Based on these results, the field-scale reduction was designed with specific reagent concentrations, temperature, and flow rates to efficiently create a reductive barrier. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Szecsody, JE (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-100-0 PY 2000 BP 369 EP 376 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ71X UT WOS:000089259400047 ER PT B AU Laase, AD Korte, NE Baker, JL Dieckmann, PD Vogan, JL Focht, RL AF Laase, AD Korte, NE Baker, JL Dieckmann, PD Vogan, JL Focht, RL BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Chen, ASC TI Evaluation of the Kansas City Plant iron wall SO CHEMICAL OXIDATION AND REACTIVE BARRIERS: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis AB A 130-ft long by 6-ft wide passive iron treatment wall was installed at the U. S. Department of Energy Kansas City Plant to treat groundwater contaminated with trichloroethylene and associated degradation products. Water quality data collected from performance monitoring wells installed in and around the iron wall showed contaminated groundwater flowing around the southern end of the wall. The bypass is caused by inadequate iron wall length. The iron wall was designed to treat a narrower plume representative of pumping conditions rather than the actual, wider ambient plume. Recent characterization identified a previously unknown more permeable sandy gravel zone south of the wall that may also be a cause of contaminant bypass. Incomplete contaminant degradation was observed in the southern end of the wall. Increased groundwater velocities associated with the sandy gravel zone and increasing basal gravel thickness may be the cause of the incomplete contaminant degradation. A previously unknown groundwater mound located immediately downgradient of the iron wall was also identified as potentially hindering the performance. In portions of the iron wall where there is sufficient residence time, groundwater contamination is effectively degraded and all applicable groundwater standards are achieved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grand Junction, CO USA. RP Laase, AD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grand Junction, CO USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-100-0 PY 2000 BP 417 EP 424 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ71X UT WOS:000089259400053 ER PT J AU Gaffney, KJ Wong, CM Liu, SH Miller, AD McNeill, JD Harris, CB AF Gaffney, KJ Wong, CM Liu, SH Miller, AD McNeill, JD Harris, CB TI Femtosecond electron dynamics at the benzene/Ag(111) interface SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-POTENTIAL STATES; 2-PHOTON PHOTOEMISSION; BENZENE; SURFACES; AG(111); CU(111); LOCALIZATION; NAPHTHALENE; ADSORPTION; LIFETIMES AB The layer dependent evolution of the benzene/Ag(111) unoccupied electronic structure and electron dynamics have been investigated with time and angle resolved two photon photoemission. With the exception of one peak in the benzene multilayer photoelectron kinetic energy spectra, all excitations possess free electron-like dispersions parallel to the Ag(111) surface, consistent with image electronic states and not electron affinity levels in benzene molecular crystals. The non-dispersive peak in the benzene multilayer spectra is assigned to be an n = 1 image state localized by structural disorder. The binding energy and lifetime of the n = 1 image state has been measured for 1 to 5 layers of benzene. Adsorption of a benzene monolayer moves the n = 1 image state electron closer to the metal, raising the n = 1 binding energy from - 0.77 eV to -0.84 eV and lowering the n = 1 lifetime from 36 to 20 femtoseconds. Adsorption of a bilayer lowers the n = 1 binding energy to -0.68 eV and raises the n = 1 lifetime to 45 fs. The lifetime and binding energy remain constant from a bilayer to 5 layers of benzene. A dielectric continuum model successfully reproduces these trends in n = 1 binding energy and lifetime. Analysis of the model potential and the calculated wavefunctions shows the layer independence of the multilayer n = 1 lifetimes and binding energies to result from the trapping of the image state electron in the screened image potential within the benzene layer. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI McNeill, Jason/E-5389-2011 NR 32 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 251 IS 1-3 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(99)00312-2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 280VG UT WOS:000085124000007 ER PT J AU Lobad, AI Taylor, AJ Kwon, C Trugman, SA Gosnell, TR AF Lobad, AI Taylor, AJ Kwon, C Trugman, SA Gosnell, TR TI Laser induced dynamic spectral weight transfer in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; ULTRAFAST SPIN DYNAMICS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; THIN-FILMS; LA1-XSRXMNO3; MAGNETORESISTANCE; PHOTOEMISSION; HEAT AB We report on optical pump-probe measurements at 1.5 eV and 3 eV on the colossal magnetoresistance material La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. The material response is determined in the femtosecond to the nanosecond temporal regimes. By analyzing the absorption and refractive dynamics within the Kramers-Kronig transformations we demonstrate dynamic spectral weight transfer from the intraband Drude component to the interband transitions. This spectral transfer and its strongly temperature dependent dynamics are discussed in the framework of photoinduced demagnetization due to the exchange of energy and thermal equilibration among the electronic, lattice and spin systems. This effect is observed in other manganites with different transition temperatures. The measured dynamics are found to be insensitive to the excitation photon energy. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lobad, AI (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 251 IS 1-3 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(99)00297-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 280VG UT WOS:000085124000017 ER PT J AU Wegener, M Chemla, DS AF Wegener, M Chemla, DS TI Coherent control of electron-phonon quantum kinetics: exploring the weak and the strong coupling regime SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BULK GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; RELAXATION; POLARON; MEMORY; PULSES; SCATTERING; PHASE AB We present an investigation of the very early stage of the dynamics of optically excited semiconductors in the Quantum Kinetics regime. We demonstrate that the wave-like nature of electronic elementary excitations can be observed during their interaction and, furthermore, that this interaction can be quantum mechanically controlled by use of phase locked laser pulses. We present a simple model that accounts well for the experimental results for the small and large coupling constants case, and also provides an intuitive understanding of the underlying physics. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Karlsruhe TH, Inst Angew Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wegener, M (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe TH, Inst Angew Phys, Kaiserstr 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Wegener, Martin/S-5456-2016 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 251 IS 1-3 BP 269 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(99)00307-9 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 280VG UT WOS:000085124000020 ER PT J AU Mulford, RN AF Mulford, RN TI Preshock desensitization of explosives SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Shock Waves in Condensed Media CY JUN 12-17, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Russian Minist Atom Energy, Russian Minist Sci, Russian Minist Def, USA, Army Res Off AB In experiments in which explosive is subjected to two successive shocks (similar to 2.5 and similar to 6.0 GPa), detonation of the explosive is delayed. [1] High compaction resulting from shock compression of an explosive may result in the removal of voids from the material. To the extent that these voids comprise the hotspots in the material, the shock-compressed explosive might be expected to behave as a homogeneous material, and initiate more like a liquid explosive than like a normal solid PBX. Evidence is available from the data record to support this idea that detonation develops in a homogeneous manner, although aspects of the data indicate heterogeneous development of detonation in the preshocked material. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mulford, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, C925, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1074-1550 J9 CHEM PHYS REP+ JI Chem. Phys. Rep. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 10-11 BP 1977 EP 1998 PG 22 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA 362XM UT WOS:000089803600020 ER PT J AU Bat'kov, YV Novikov, SA Fishman, ND Gray, GT AF Bat'kov, YV Novikov, SA Fishman, ND Gray, GT TI Shear strength of a shock-compressed aluminum composite SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Shock Waves in Condensed Media CY JUN 12-17, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Russian Minist Atom Energy, Russian Minist Sci, Russian Minist Def, USA, Army Res Off ID GAUGES AB Results of an experimental study of the shear strength of an aluminum composite(Al + 20% SiC) at shock wave pressures ranging between 2.3 and 22 GPa are presented. The technique of direct monitoring the principal stress components with the aid of wire manganin gauges was used. Dynamic yield now limit defined as a difference between the principal stress components, characterizing the shear material strength, and controlling shock Hugoniot deviation from the quasi-hydrostatic compression curve, is shown to be nearly constant for the aluminum composite and equal to 0.24 GPa. C1 Russian Res & Dev Inst Expt Phys, Sarov, Russia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bat'kov, YV (reprint author), Russian Res & Dev Inst Expt Phys, Sarov, Russia. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1074-1550 J9 CHEM PHYS REP+ JI Chem. Phys. Rep. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 10-11 BP 2095 EP 2099 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA 362XM UT WOS:000089803600029 ER PT J AU Williams, CV Keil, K Taylor, GJ Scott, ERD AF Williams, CV Keil, K Taylor, GJ Scott, ERD TI Cooling rates of equilibrated clasts in ordinary chondrite regolith breccias: Implications for parent body histories SO CHEMIE DER ERDE-GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL HISTORIES; METEORITES; ASTEROIDS; FRAGMENTATION; BODIES; METAMORPHISM AB We studied 76 lithic clasts [17 shocked and shock-melted and 59 equilibrated (petrologic types 4-6), unshocked to very weakly shocked clasts] in 5 H and 2 L group ordinary chondrite regolith breccias. Here, we report the metallographic cooling rates of the 59 equilibrated clasts (the shocked and shock-melted clasts generally do not contain taenite grains suitable for cooling rate determinations). We also determined the metallographic cooling rates of individual taenite grains in the matrices of the 7 chondrites. Results: 1) Central Ni contents of individual taenite grains in the clasts, when plotted against apparent distances from the edges of the grains, plot coherently and parallel to the cooling rate curves, yielding clast cooling rates from similar to 5 to >similar to 2,300 K/Myr. 2) Cooling rates of matrix taenite grains scatter from 0.5 to similar to 5,000 K/Myr. 3) Although there is a tendency for the matrix taenite cooling rates to cover wider ranges than those of the clasts, the matrix taenite cooling rates for individual breccias tend to mimick those of their equilibrated clasts. Conclusions: A) Different lithic clasts and matrix taenite grains cooled at vastly variable depths in their parent bodies. B Thermal models suggest that taenite grains and clasts that cooled at, say, 10 K/Myr must have cooled at depths >40 km in bodies >100 km in diameter. Impact cratering cannot account for bringing these materials from that depth onto parent body surfaces, because craters of similar to 200 km diameter would be required, impossible on bodies only 100-200 km in diameter. We confirm earlier suggestions that parent bodies must have been catastrophically disrupted and the debris gravitationally reassembled into rubble pile bodies, causing scrambling of material from highly variable depths. C) We find no correlations between clast cooling rate and petrologic type. We agree with earlier workers that if the H and L group ordinary chondrite parent bodies had onion shell interior structures, they must have been catastrophically fragmented while still hot and the fragments gravitationally reassembled before they had cooled through 750 K (the temperature below which the Ni diffusion profiles used to determine the cooling rate were established). D) The tendency of matrix cooling rates in individual breccias to mimick those of their clasts suggests that matrices formed by the comminution of the equilibrated clasts. It also suggests that the regoliths of the asteroidal parent bodies of the ordinary chondrites were derived locally and that regolith evolution did not involve extensive lateral mixing. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Underground Storage Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Keil, K (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0009-2819 J9 CHEM ERDE-GEOCHEM JI Chem Erde-Geochem. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 59 IS 4 BP 287 EP 305 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 299HJ UT WOS:000086192700003 ER PT J AU Coles, MP Lugmair, CG Terry, KW Tilley, TD AF Coles, MP Lugmair, CG Terry, KW Tilley, TD TI Titania-silica materials from the molecular precursor Ti[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](4): Selective epoxidation catalysts SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE; TI-BETA CATALYST; SOL-GEL METHOD; MIXED OXIDES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS H2O2; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS; OXIDATION CATALYSTS; OLEFIN EPOXIDATION; ALPHA-ISOPHORONE AB The tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy complex Ti[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](4) (1) was pyrolytically converted at low temperatures to the theoretical yield of homogeneous TiO2.4SiO(2) materials. 1 also serves as a soluble model for isolated, tetrahedral titanium atoms in a silica matrix. The solid-state transformation of 1 to TiO2.4SiO(2) affords a low-surface-area material (2a, 22 m(2) g(-1) for samples heated to 500 degrees C) consisting of roughly spherical particles with an average diameter of ca. 25 nm (by transmission electronmicroscopy). The solution-phase thermolysis of 1 affords a xerogel (2b) consisting of smaller primary particles (ca. 5 nm) and possessing a much higher surface area (552 m2 g(-1) far samples heated to 500 degrees C). Acid catalysis of the pyrolytic conversion in solution affords a xerogel (2c) with a lower surface area (399 m(2) g(-1) for samples heated to 500 degrees C). Supercritical drying of the "wet-gel" in CO2 affords an aerogel (2d) with a morphology similar to that of the xerogel and a slightly higher surface area (677 m2 g(-1) for samples heated to 500 degrees C). The TiO2.4SiO(2) materials are amorphous as initially formed, and subsequent crystallizations of anatase (2a, 2b), rutile, and cristobalite (2a) occur at relatively high temperatures. 1 is a homogeneous catalyst for the selective epoxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexene oxide (64% yield; 20 turnovers after h) using-cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) as the limiting reagent. 29-d are heterogeneous catalysts that produce 6% (2a)-49% (2d) yields of cyclohexene oxide after 2 h (with 0.05 g of catalyst). Supporting 1 on silica affords a highly active epoxidation catalyst that provides yields of 94% cyclohexene oxide after 2 h (with a standard amount of 0.05 g of catalyst). The molecular route to homogeneous titania-silica materials described here represents an alternative to the sol-gel method, affording materials with surface areas comparable to those of related aerogels and moderate-to-excellent activities for the epoxidation of cyclohexene. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 114 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1021/cm990444y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 276DV UT WOS:000084861100023 ER PT J AU Gotmar, G Fornstedt, T Guiochon, G AF Gotmar, G Fornstedt, T Guiochon, G TI Apparent and true enantioselectivity in enantioseparations SO CHIRALITY LA English DT Article DE retention mechanisms; enantioselectivity; apparent enantioselectivity; true nonselective interactions beta-blockers ID CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASE; CBH-I-SILICA; PROPRANOLOL ENANTIOMERS; ALPHA-1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RETENTION MECHANISMS; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; CELLULASE PROTEIN; SEPARATION; RESOLUTION AB The separation factor of two compounds in chromatography is the ratio of their equilibrium constants or retention factors. This parameter is universally employed to investigate their resolution and to optimize the experimental conditions of their analysis. In enantioseparations, the situation is more complex because there is a mixed retention mechanism. The retention factor is the sum of two contributions, one enantioselective, the other nonselective. Although both contribute to retention, the latter being identical for the two enantiomers and does not contribute to their separation. We show how these two contributions can be measured and how it becomes necessary to distinguish between the apparent, a(app), and the true, alpha(true), separation factors. The existence of nonselective sites is responsible for a(app) being less than alpha(true). Depending on the difference between these two factors, the more effective approach to improve a separation is either to increase the enantioselectivity or to reduce the nonselective interactions. Practical applications to separations of different beta-blockers on cellobiohydrolase are discussed. The apparent enantioselectivity of alprenolol is larger and increases faster with increasing pH than that of the more hydrophobic propranolol, in spite of the importance of hydrophobic interactions in the enantioselective mechanism. These two unexpected properties are discussed and explained. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Dept Pharm, Uppsala, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Fornstedt, Torgny/0000-0002-7123-2066 NR 25 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0899-0042 J9 CHIRALITY JI Chirality PY 2000 VL 12 IS 7 BP 558 EP 564 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Organic; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 326MC UT WOS:000087738500002 PM 10861955 ER PT B AU Bertram, M Duchaineau, MA Hamann, B Joy, KI AF Bertram, M Duchaineau, MA Hamann, B Joy, KI BE Arabnia, HR TI Wavelets on planar tesselations SO CISST'2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGING SCIENCE, SYSTEMS, AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology (CISST 2000) CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci, Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, PDPTA, World Sci & Engn Soc DE image compression; multiresolution methods; subdivision surfaces; tesselations; wavelets ID SURFACES; MESHES AB We present a new technique for progressive C-0-continuous approximation and compression of polygonal objects in images. Our technique uses local parametrizations defined by meshes of convex polygons in the plane. We generalize a lifted biorthogonal wavelet transform to polygonal domains to perform multiresolution analysis and compression of image regions. The advantage of our technique over conventional wavelet methods is that the domain is an arbitrary tesselation rather than a rectilinear grid. We expect that this technique has many applications image compression, progressive transmission, radiosity, virtual reality, and image morphing. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-55-6 PY 2000 BP 619 EP 625 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR81Y UT WOS:000167666100089 ER PT S AU Johnson, NL AF Johnson, NL BE Chandler, JLR VandeVijver, G TI Importance of diversity - Reconciling natural selection and noncompetitive processes SO CLOSURE: EMERGENT ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR DYNAMICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Closure - Emergent Organizations and Their Dynamics CY MAY 03-05, 1999 CL GHENT, BELGIUM SP Fund Sci Res, Res Community Evolut & Complex, Washington Evolutionary Syst Soc AB To better understand selection processes in evolutionary systems (ecological to economic to social to artificial systems), the origins and role of diversity are examined in two systems that show increased group functionality (better performance, efficiency, robustness, adaptability, stability, etc.). Diversity was chosen as a clarifying concept, because it appears to have been largely ignored, or misunderstood. One system is a model of group selection within an ecosystem. The other is the group solution of a sequential problem using self-organizing dynamics in the absence of any selection. A comparison of the two systems show that while diversity is essential to both, improvement by natural selection is derived from consuming diversity, whereas improvement by noncompetitive self-organization is decreased by any reduction in diversity. The resulting perspective is that natural selection is a mechanism that increases the functionality of the individual (or groups within a larger system); noncompetitive self-organization of the system, without need for selection, increases the functionality of the whole above that of the individual or group. The two extreme roles far diversity are reconciled if natural selection is not strongly expressed in these systems-"survival of the fittest" becomes "survival of the adequate"-so that noncompetitive processes can occur. The resulting view of a mature ecosystem is an elastic web of interactions in which natural selection is dormant or retains the status quo. The processes of natural selection for individual or group improvement are activated only if environment changes are sufficient to break the elastic interconnections, as might occur in punctuated equilibria. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, NL (reprint author), LANL MB-B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-248-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 901 BP 54 EP 66 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ61S UT WOS:000088969000006 PM 10818557 ER PT S AU Joslyn, C AF Joslyn, C BE Chandler, JLR VandeVijver, G TI Levels of control and closure in complex semiotic systems SO CLOSURE: EMERGENT ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR DYNAMICS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Closure - Emergent Organizations and Their Dynamics CY MAY 03-05, 1999 CL GHENT, BELGIUM SP Fund Sci Res, Res Community Evolut & Complex, Washington Evolutionary Syst Soc ID BOUNDARY AB It is natural to advance closures as atomic processes of universal evolution, and to analyze this concept specifically. Real complex systems like organisms and complex mechanisms cannot exist at either extreme of complete closure or lack of closure, nevertheless we should consider the properties of closures in general, the introduction of boundaries, a corresponding stability, the establishment of system autonomy and identity, and thereby the introduction of emergent new systems of potentially new types. Our focus should move from simple physical closure of common objects and classical self-organizing systems to semiotically closed systems that maintain cyclic relations of perception, interpretation, decision, and action with their environments. Thus, issues arise concerning the use and interpretation of symbols, representations, and/or internal models (whether explicit or implicit) by the system; and the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic relations among the sign tokens, their interpretations, and their use or function for the systems in question. Primitive semiotic closures are hypothesized as equivalent to simple control systems, and in turn equivalent to simple organisms. This leads us directly to the grand hierarchical control theories of Turchin, Powers, and Albus, which provide an explicit mechanism for the formation of new levels within complex semiotically closed systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Res & Applicat Grp, Distributed Knowledge Syst Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Res & Applicat Grp, Distributed Knowledge Syst Team, CIC-3,MS B265,LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM joslyn@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-249-5; 1-57331-248-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 901 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ61S UT WOS:000088969000007 ER PT S AU Rocha, LM AF Rocha, LM BE Chandler, JLR VandeVijver, G TI Syntactic autonomy - Why there is no autonomy without symbols and how self-organizing systems might evolve them SO CLOSURE: EMERGENT ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR DYNAMICS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Closure - Emergent Organizations and Their Dynamics CY MAY 03-05, 1999 CL GHENT, BELGIUM SP Fund Sci Res, Res Community Evolut & Complex, Washington Evolutionary Syst Soc ID TRENDS; DNA AB Two different types of agency are discussed that are based on dynamically coherent and incoherent couplings with an environment, respectively. I propose that until a private syntax (syntactic autonomy) is discovered by dynamically coherent agents, there are no significant or interesting types of closure or autonomy. When syntactic autonomy is established, then, because elf a process of description-based selected self-organization, open-ended evolution is enabled. At this stage, in addition to dynamics, agents depend on localized, symbolic memory, thus adding a level of dynamic incoherence to their interaction with the environment. Furthermore, it is the appearance of syntactic autonomy that enables much more interesting types of closures among agents sharing the same syntax. To investigate how we can study the emergence of syntax from dynamic systems, experiments with cellular automata leading to emergent computation that solves nontrivial tasks are discussed. RNA editing is also mentioned as a process that may have been used to obtain a primordial biological code necessary for open-ended evolution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Res & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rocha, LM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Res & Applicat Grp, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rocha@lanl.gov OI Rocha, Luis/0000-0001-9402-887X NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-249-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 901 BP 207 EP 223 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ61S UT WOS:000088969000021 PM 10818572 ER PT B AU Geist, A Luethke, B Schwidder, J Scott, SL AF Geist, A Luethke, B Schwidder, J Scott, SL GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI ORNL M3C tool (managing and monitoring multiple clusters) SO CLUSTER 2000: IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY NOV 28-DEC 01, 2000 CL CHEMNITZ, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE,Task Force Cluster Comp, Alpha Process Inc, Compaq, Intel, Fujitsu Siemens, MPI Sofeware Tech Inc, Agilent Technol, Dolphin Interconnect Solut Inc, Synaps Ingenieur Gesell mbH, Sun Microsyst Gridware, TBZ-PARIV GmbH, SuSE Linux AG, Adakom GmbH AB Clusters are providing more and more of the computational power required in industry and research. They are much cheaper than traditional supercomputers, but they lack good administration and user level tools. This paper describes an effort at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to develop tools to simplify the administration and use of computation dusters. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Geist, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0896-0 PY 2000 BP 389 EP 390 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR28D UT WOS:000166002300073 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Hu, W Chen, EP AF Chen, Z Hu, W Chen, EP TI Simulation of dynamic failure evolution in brittle solids without using nonlocal terms in the strain-stress space SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE brittle failure; damage diffusion; multi-physics; parallel computing AB To simulate the dynamic failure evolution without using nonlocal terms in the strain-stress space, a damage diffusion equation is formulated with the use of a combined damage/plasticity model that was primarily applied to the case of rock fragmentation. A vectorized model solver is developed for large-scale simulation. Two-dimensional sample problems are considered to illustrate the features of the proposed solution procedure. It appears that the proposed approach is effective in simulating the evolution of localization, with parallel computing, in a single computational domain involving different lower-order governing differential equations. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Based Mat Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI PALMDALE PA PO BOX 900486, PALMDALE, CA 93590-0486 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PY 2000 VL 1 IS 4 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 407YF UT WOS:000167298500006 ER PT S AU Amendt, P Estabrook, K Everett, M London, RA Maitland, D Zimmerman, G Colston, B Da Silva, L Sathyam, U AF Amendt, P Estabrook, K Everett, M London, RA Maitland, D Zimmerman, G Colston, B Da Silva, L Sathyam, U BE Tuchin, VV Izatt, JA Fujimoto, JG TI Monte Carlo simulations of arterial imaging with optical coherence tomography SO COHERENCE DOMAIN OPTICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedical Science and Clinical Applications IV CY JAN 24-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE optical coherence tomography; arterial imaging; Mie scattering; endoscopy; Henyey-Greenstein ID TISSUE AB The laser-tissue interaction code LATIS [London et al., Appl. Optics 36, 9068 (1998)] is used to analyze photon scattering histories representative of optical coherence tomography (OCT) experiments performed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Monte Carlo photonics with Henyey-Greenstein anisotropic scattering is implemented and used to simulate signal discrimination of intravascular structure. An analytic model is developed and used to obtain a scaling law for optimization of the OCT signal and to validate Monte Carlo photonics. The appropriateness of the Henyey-Greenstein phase function is studied by direct comparison with more detailed Mie scattering theory using an ensemble of spherical dielectric scatterers. Modest differences are found between the two prescriptions for describing photon angular scattering in tissue. In particular, the Mie scattering phase functions provide less overall reflectance signal but more signal contrast compared to the Henyey-Greenstein formulation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Amendt, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3531-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3915 BP 202 EP 213 DI 10.1117/12.384157 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ40F UT WOS:000088256000025 ER PT J AU Tsutakawa, SE Cooper, PK AF Tsutakawa, SE Cooper, PK TI Transcription-coupled repair of oxidative DNA damage in human cells: Mechanisms and consequences SO COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology CY 2000 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amgen Inc, Aventis Pharma AG, BASF Biores Corp, BioVentures Inc, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Chiron Corp, Chugai Res Inst Molec Med Inc, Diagnost Prod Corp, DuPont Pharmaceut Co, Forest Labs, Genentech Inc, Genetics Inst, Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Hoffmann La Roche Inc, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Eli Lilly & Co, Merck Res Labs, New England BioLabs Inc, Novartis Pharma Res, OSI Pharmaceut Inc, Pall Corp, Palmetto Partners Ltd, Parke Davis Pharmaceut Res, PE Biosystem, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc, Res Genetics Inc, Shering Plough Corp, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut, AstraZeneca ID NUCLEOTIDE-EXCISION-REPAIR; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; COCKAYNE-SYNDROME PATIENTS; HUMAN MISMATCH REPAIR; HUMAN XPG PROTEIN; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; PREFERENTIAL REPAIR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; ACTIVE GENES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsutakawa, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-63503] NR 129 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0091-7451 J9 COLD SPRING HARB SYM JI Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. PY 2000 VL 65 BP 201 EP 215 DI 10.1101/sqb.2000.65.201 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 449GW UT WOS:000169676800021 PM 12760034 ER PT J AU Tsutakawa, SE Morikawa, K AF Tsutakawa, SE Morikawa, K TI New recognition mode for a TG mismatch: The atomic structure of a very short patch repair endonuclease-DNA complex SO COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology CY 2000 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amgen Inc, Aventis Pharma AG, BASF Biores Corp, BioVentures Inc, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Chiron Corp, Chugai Res Inst Molec Med Inc, Diagnost Prod Corp, DuPont Pharmaceut Co, Forest Labs, Genentech Inc, Genetics Inst, Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Hoffmann La Roche Inc, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Eli Lilly & Co, Merck Res Labs, New England BioLabs Inc, Novartis Pharma Res, OSI Pharmaceut Inc, Pall Corp, Palmetto Partners Ltd, Parke Davis Pharmaceut Res, PE Biosystem, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc, Res Genetics Inc, Shering Plough Corp, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut, AstraZeneca ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; RESTRICTION-MODIFICATION SYSTEM; CYTOSINE METHYLASE GENE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POLYMERASE-I; GLYCOSYLASE; MECHANISM; SEQUENCE; VSR C1 Biomol Engn Res Inst, Dept Biol Struct, Suita, Osaka 5650874, Japan. RP Tsutakawa, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0091-7451 J9 COLD SPRING HARB SYM JI Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. PY 2000 VL 65 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1101/sqb.2000.65.233 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 449GW UT WOS:000169676800024 PM 12760037 ER PT B AU Hemez, FM Doebling, SW AF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW GP AIAA AIAA TI Validation of structural dynamics models at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 1 PTS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB This publication proposes a discussion of the general problem of validating numerical models for nonlinear, transient dynamics. The predictive quality of a numerical model is generally assessed by comparing the computed response to test data. If the correlation is not satisfactory, an inverse problem must be formulated and solved to identify the sources of discrepancy between test and analysis data. Some of the most recent work summarized in this publication has focused on developing test-analysis correlation and inverse problem solving capabilities for nonlinear vibrations. Among the difficulties encountered, we cite the necessity to satisfy continuity of the response when several finite element optimizations are successively carried out and the need to propagate variability throughout the optimization of the model's parameters. After a brief discussion of the formulation of inverse problems for nonlinear dynamics, the general principles which, we believe, should guide future developments of inverse problem solving ate discussed. In particular, it is proposed to replace the resolution of an inverse problem with multiple forward, stochastic problems. The issue of defining an adequate metrics for test-analysis correlation is also addressed. Our approach is illustrated using data from a nonlinear vibration testbed and an impact experiment both conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory in support of the advanced strategic computing initiative and our code validation and verification program. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp ESA EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp ESA EA, POB 1663,M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-449-2 PY 2000 BP 749 EP 763 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ24X UT WOS:000087725900077 ER PT S AU Benary, O Kahn, S Stumer, I AF Benary, O Kahn, S Stumer, I BE King, BJ TI Detector backgrounds for a high energy muon collider SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE AB The potentially large background produced from the decay products of muons could affect the quality of the physics in a high energy muon collider. This paper examines the kinds of background present and their expected rate. The results are based on a simulation of muon colliders with center of mass energies of 100 GeV, 500 GeV and 4 TeV. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200001 ER PT S AU Berg, JS AF Berg, JS BE King, BJ TI Acceleration for a high energy muon collider SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE AB We describe a method for designing the acceleration systems for a muon collider, with particular application and examples for a high energy muon collider. This paper will primarily concentrate on design considerations coming from longitudinal motion, but some transverse issues will be briefly discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Berg, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 901A,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Berg, Joseph/E-8371-2014 OI Berg, Joseph/0000-0002-5955-6973 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 13 EP 31 PG 19 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200002 ER PT S AU Dawson, S AF Dawson, S BE King, BJ TI Physics in 2006 SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE ID STANDARD MODEL; HIGGS MASS; COLLIDERS; BOUNDS AB Any consideration of future physics facilities must be made in the context of the Tevatron and the LHC. I discuss same examples of physics results which could emerge from these machines and the resulting questions which would remain for a high energy e(+)e(-) collider. Particular attention is paid to the, electroweak symmetry breaking sector. If a light Higgs boson exists, it will be observed at the LHC and the role of any later accelerator will be to map out the Higg's boson mass and couplings and then determine the space of possible models. If there is no light Higgs boson then some effects of a strongly interacting electroweak symmetry breaking sector will be observed at the LHC and I discuss the role of a high energy linear collider in exploring this scenario. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 48 EP 65 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200005 ER PT S AU King, BJ AF King, BJ BE King, BJ TI Prospects for colliders and collider physics to the 1 PeV energy scale SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE AB A review is given of the prospects for future colliders and collider physics at the energy frontier. A proof-of-plausibility scenario is presented for maximizing our progress in elementary particle physics by extending the energy reach of hadron and lepton colliders as quickly and economically as might be technically and financially feasible. The scenario comprises 5 colliders beyond the LHC - one each of e(+)e(-) and hadron colliders and three mu (+)mu (-) colliders - and is able to hold to the historical rate of progress in the log-energy reach of hadron and lepton colliders, reaching the 1 PeV constituent mass scale by the early 2040's. The technical and fiscal requirements for the feasibility of the scenario are assessed and relevant long-term R&D projects are identified. Considerations of both cost and logistics seem to strongly favor housing most or all of the colliders in the scenario in a new world high energy physics laboratory. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP King, BJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 86 EP 121 PG 36 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200009 ER PT S AU King, BJ AF King, BJ BE King, BJ TI Parameter sets for 10 TeV and 100 TeV muon colliders, and their study at the HEMC'99 workshop SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE AB A focal point for the HEMC'99 workshop was the evaluation of straw-man parameter sets for the acceleration and collider rings of muon colliders at center of mass energies of 10 TeV and 100 TeV. These self-consistent parameter sets are presented and discussed. The methods and assumptions used in their generation are described and motivations are given for the specific choices of parameter values. The assessment of the parameter sets during the workshop is then reviewed and the implications for the feasibility of many-TeV muon colliders are evaluated. Finally, a preview is given of plans for iterating on the parameter sets and, more generally, for future feasibility studies on many-TeV muon colliders. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP King, BJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 122 EP 141 PG 20 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200010 ER PT S AU King, BJ AF King, BJ BE King, BJ TI Mighty MURINEs: Neutrino physics at very high energy muon colliders SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE AB An overview is given of the potential for neutrino physics studies through parasitic use of the intense high energy neutrino beams that would be produced at future many-TeV muon colliders. Neutrino experiments clearly cannot compete with the collider physics. Except at the very highest energy muon colliders, the main thrust of the neutrino physics program would be to improve on the measurements from preceding neutrino experiments at lower energy muon colliders, particularly in the fields of B physics, quark mixing and CP violation. Muon colliders at the 10 TeV energy scare might already produce of order 10(8) B hadrons per year in a favorable and unique enough experimental environment to have some analytical capabilities beyond any of the currently operating or proposed B factories. The most important of the quark mixing measurements at these energies might well be the improved measurements of the important CKM matrix elements \V-ub\ and \V-cb\ and, possibly, the first measurements of \V-td\ in the process of flavor changing neutral current interactions involving a top quark loop. Muon colliders at the highest center-of-mass energies that have been conjectured, 100-1000 TeV, would produce neutrino beams for neutrino-nucleon interaction experiments with maximum center-of-mass energies from 300-1000 GeV. Such energies are close to, or beyond, the discovery reach of all colliders before the turn-on of the LHC. In particular, they are comparable to the 314 GeV center-of-mass energy for electron-proton scattering at the currently operating HERA collider and so HERA provides a convenient benchmark for the physics potential. It is shown that these ultimate terrestrial neutrino experiments, should they eventually come to pass, would have several orders of magnitude more luminosity than HERA. This would potentially open up the possibility for high statistics studies of any exotic particles, such as leptoquarks, that might have been previously discovered at these energy scales. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP King, BJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 142 EP 164 PG 23 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200011 ER PT S AU King, BJ AF King, BJ BE King, BJ TI Neutrino radiation challenges and proposed solutions for many-TeV muon colliders SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE AB Neutrino radiation is expected to impose major design and siting constraints on many-TeV muon colliders. Previous predictions for radiation doses at TeV energy scales are briefly reviewed and then modified for extension to the many-TeV energy regime. The energy-cubed dependence of lower energy colliders is found to soften to an increase of slightly less than quadratic when averaged-over the plane of the collider ring and slightly less than linear for the radiation hot spots downstream from straight sections in the collider ring. Despite this, the numerical values are judged to be sufficiently high that any many-TeV muon colliders will likely be constructed on large isolated sites specifically chosen to minimize or eliminate human exposure to the neutrino radiation. It is pointed out that such sites would be of an appropriate size scale to also house future proton-proton and electron-positron colliders at the high energy frontier, which naturally leads to conjecture on the possibilities for a new world laboratory for high energy physics. Radiation dose predictions are also presented for the speculative possibility of linear muon colliders. These have greatly reduced radiation constraints relative to circular muon colliders because radiation is only emitted in two pencil beams directed along the axes of the opposing linacs. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP King, BJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 165 EP 180 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200012 ER PT S AU Lebrun, P AF Lebrun, P BE King, BJ TI Comments on frictional cooling and the zero energy options for cooling intense muon beams SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE AB It is shown that the proposed frictional cooling method is not directly applicable to intense (approximate to 10(12)) muon bunches, mostly due to space charge constraints. Other difficulties stem from the fact that the initial emittance must be quite small. compared to the nominal muon collider emittance. Excessive heat due to energy deposition in the foils, from the primary muon beam or from secondary electrons could also destroy the thin foils used as moderator. Other "zero energy" schemes are considered, separately for mu (-) and mu (+). All of them lead us to the study of exotic electrons-ions-muons; plasma. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lebrun, P (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 190 EP 200 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200014 ER PT S AU Lykken, JD AF Lykken, JD BE King, BJ TI New physics and the post-LHC era SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE ID TEV; DIMENSION; SCALE C1 Fermilab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lykken, JD (reprint author), Fermilab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 208 EP 216 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200016 ER PT S AU Parsa, Z AF Parsa, Z BE King, BJ TI High energy physics potential at muon colliders SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE AB In this paper, high energy physics possibilities and future colliders are discussed. The mu (+)mu (-) collider and experiments with high intensity muon beams as the stepping phase towards building Higher Energy Muon Colliders (HEMC) are briefly reviewed and encouraged. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Parsa, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 239 EP 248 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200020 ER PT S AU Parsa, Z AF Parsa, Z BE King, BJ TI Focusing and acceleration of bunched beams SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE AB A new approach to solving the kinetic equation for the beam distribution function, (very useful from the practical point of view), is discussed. In which we also obtain a complement to the Skrinsky's condition for the self-focused bunched beam. This problem belongs to the theory of nonlinear systems in which both regular and chaotic motion is possible. The kinetic approach, based on Vlasov-Poisson equations, are used to investigate the focusing and acceleration of bunched beam. Special attention is given to the studies of stability in a bunched beam by means of the two norm, which may be used to describe the motion of high - energy particles. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Parsa, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 249 EP 259 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200021 ER PT S AU Rehak, P Cline, D Gatti, E Heusch, C Kahn, S King, B Kirk, T Norton, P Radeka, V Samios, N Tcherniatine, V Willis, W AF Rehak, P Cline, D Gatti, E Heusch, C Kahn, S King, B Kirk, T Norton, P Radeka, V Samios, N Tcherniatine, V Willis, W BE King, BJ TI Detector challenges for mu(+)mu(-) colliders in the 10-100 TeV range SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE AB The challenges to design, construct and operate a detector system in an interaction region at a high energy mu (+)mu (-) collider are briefly summarized. A new solution, based on an extensive use of liquefied rare gases, is proposed for the vertex detector and for the inner tracker. The proposed solution takes a full advantage of the small size of the collision region. The region has radial dimensions below the mum range, while its extent in the beam direction is of the order of 1mm depending on the energy of the machine and on the details of the design. In the energy range considered in this workshop, the momenta of charged particles are high enough to be bent only slightly in the solenoidal magnetic held. The tracks are basically straight lines emerging from a known common point. The proposed solution is based on a projective geometry matched to the desired tracks. The aim of the design is to achieve a background blind radiation hard detector. The second novel feature of the design is the calorimetric instrumentation of two large 20 degrees tungsten cones used to shield the detector from the machine induced background. Here again the full advantage of the known directionality of particles initiating the shower process is incorporated into the design. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rehak, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 260 EP 289 PG 30 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200022 ER PT S AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, TG BE King, BJ TI Kaluza-Klein physics at muon colliders SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE ID LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS; FUTURE COLLIDERS; STANDARD MODEL; PHENOMENOLOGICAL ASPECTS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; GAUGE BOSONS; Z'; TEV; SIGNALS AB We discuss the physics of Kaluza-Klein excitations of the Standard Model gauge bosons that can be explored by a high energy muon collider in the era after the LHC and TeV Linear Collider. We demonstrate that the muon collider is a necessary ingredient in the unraveling the properties of such states and, perhaps, proving their existence. The possibility of observing the resonances associated with the excited KK graviton states of the Randall-Sundrum model is also discussed. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Rizzo, TG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 290 EP 307 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200023 ER PT S AU Samios, NP AF Samios, NP BE King, BJ TI Might these machines be affordable SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE AB Experience in the construction of relatively large facilities is reviewed. The influence of the political climate and budget situation is discussed. All this with relation to the possibility and the strategy for the advent of future large accelerators such as the muon collider. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Samios, NP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 308 EP 310 PG 3 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200024 ER PT S AU Trbojevic, D Courant, ED Garren, A AF Trbojevic, D Courant, ED Garren, A BE King, BJ TI FFAG lattice without opposite bends SO COLLIDERS AND COLLIDER PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES: MUON COLLIDERS AT 10 TEV TO 100 TEV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Studies on Colliders and Collider Physics at the Highest Energies: Muon Collider at 10 TeV to 100 TeV (HEMC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Phys, US DOE C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Trbojevic, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-953-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 530 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR02J UT WOS:000165406200030 ER PT J AU Telengator, AM Margolis, SB Williams, FA AF Telengator, AM Margolis, SB Williams, FA TI Stability of quasi-steady deflagrations in confined porous energetic materials SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSIONAL THERMAL-INSTABILITY; 2-PHASE FLOW; GAS PERMEATION; FLAME AB Previous analyses have shown that unconfined deflagrations propagating through both porous and nonporous energetic materials can exhibit a thermal/diffusive instability that corresponds to the onset of various oscillatory modes of combustion. For porous materials, two-phase-flow effects, associated with the motion of the gas products relative to the condensed material, play a significant role that can shift stability boundaries with respect to those associated with the nonporous problem. In the present work, additional significant effects are shown to be associated with confinement, which produces an overpressure in me burned-gas region that leads to reversal of the gas flow and hence partial permeation of the hot gases into the unburned porous material. This results in a superadiabatic effect that increases the combustion temperature and, consequently, the burning rate. Under the assumption of gas-phase quasi-steadiness. an asymptotic model is presented that facilitates a perturbation analysis of both the basic solution, corresponding to a steadily propagating planar combustion wave, and its stability. The neutral stability boundaries collapse to the previous results in the absence of confinement, but different trends arising from the presence of the gas-permeation layer are predicted for the confined problem. Whereas two-phase-flow effects are generally destabilizing in the unconfined geometry, the effects of increasing overpressure and hence combustion temperature associated with confinement are shown to be generally stabilizing with respect to thermal/diffusive instability, analogous to the effects of decreasing heat losses on combustion temperature and stability in single-phase deflagrations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Margolis, SB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 160 BP 259 EP 315 DI 10.1080/00102200008935805 PG 57 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 418AJ UT WOS:000167867400013 ER PT J AU Im, HG Raja, LL Kee, RJ Petzold, LR AF Im, HG Raja, LL Kee, RJ Petzold, LR TI A numerical study of transient ignition in a counterflow nonpremixed methane-air flame using adaptive time integration SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY DE ignition; adaptive time integration; DAE system ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; HEATED AIR; HYDROGEN; EXTINCTION; CHEMISTRY; LIMITS AB This paper presents a computational algorithm to predict highly-transient flame behavior in counterflow situations. The first objective of the paper is to extend the transient counterflow problem to incorporate some gasdynamic compressibility effects, yet retain the desirable similarity structure. By relaxing assumptions in earlier formulations, the computational algorithms can deliver high accuracy even in periods of extremely rapid transients, like combustion ignition. The algorithms are demonstrated on two combustion-ignition problems for methane-air, counterflow nonpremixed flames. The first concerns the ignition transient in a steady strain field. The second concerns the effects of a high-frequency oscillatory strain field on the ignition process. The results reveal that, when the mean strain rate is near the steady ignition limit. the ignition process is highly sensitive to the details of the strain-rate fluctuations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Im, HG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Im, Hong/J-4317-2012 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 158 BP 341 EP 363 DI 10.1080/00102200008947340 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 408WA UT WOS:000167349100019 ER PT J AU Chen, JS Litzinger, TA Curran, HJ AF Chen, JS Litzinger, TA Curran, HJ TI The lean oxidation of iso-octane in the intermediate temperature regime at elevated pressures SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxidation; hydrocarbon; flow reactor; modeling ID N-HEPTANE; ISOOCTANE AB The oxidation of iso-octane has been studied in the past, primarily under stoichiometric conditions. Due to significant heat release from the oxidation of iso-octane in the intermediate temperature regime, excessive nitrogen was added to ensure safe operations and to slow the reactions in the use of flow reactors. Under these diluted stoichiometric conditions, all of the concentrations of iso-octane, oxygen, and nitrogen are significantly different from those in actual stoichiometric conditions. In this study, lean oxidation experiments of iso-octane in air (phi = 0.05) are performed in a high pressure flow reactor at 3, 6, and 9 atm in the intermediate temperature regime with reaction temperature in the range 915-950 K. Twenty-three hydrocarbon and oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediate species are identified and quantified as a function of time. A detailed chemical kinetic model is used to simulate these experiments. Comparison of predicted and measured species profiles shows that the model predicts the experimental data well including the shapes of species profiles. Based upon modeling results, the major chemical pathways are described. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Litzinger, TA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 156 BP 49 EP 79 DI 10.1080/00102200008947296 PG 31 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 333NL UT WOS:000088136100003 ER PT J AU Brewster, MQ Ward, MJ Son, SF AF Brewster, MQ Ward, MJ Son, SF TI Simplified combustion modeling of double base propellant: Gas phase chain reaction vs. thermal decomposition SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNSTEADY COMBUSTION; ENERGETIC SOLIDS; KINETICS; HMX AB Simplified combustion modeling of nitrocellulose (NC), nitroglycerin (NG) double base propellant is considered. Two models with simple bur rational chemistry are compared: the classical thermal decomposition, high gas activation energy (E-g/RT >> 1) Denison-Baum-Williams (DBW) model, and a new chain reaction, Low gas activation energy (E-g/RT << 1) model recently proposed by Ward, Son, and Brewster (WSB). Both models make the same simplifying assumptions of constant properties, Lewis number unity, single-step, second order gas phase reaction, and single-step, zero order, high activation energy condensed phase decomposition. The only difference is in the gas reaction activation energy E-g which is asymptotically large for DBW and vanishingly small for WSB. The results show that within the same set of assumptions (those listed above plus constant heat release and radiative heat feedback) the WSB model more accurately predicts the steady-state gas phase temperature profile, burning rate sensitivity parameters and oscillatory combustion response (pressure- and radiation-driven) for NC/NG propellant than the DBW model. The oscillatory results support our earlier finding that for accurate unsteady predictions it is necessary to use the full AEA decomposition expression of Lengelle and Ibiricu/Williams, with its inherent negative Jacobian parameters (n(s,q) < 0), rather than the usual constant-prefactor Arrhenius pyrolysis relation (n(s,q) = 0). All thermophysical, thermochemical, and chemical kinetic parameters are consistent with what is known about detailed chemistry of NC/NG combustion. initiation in the condensed phase, thought to occur by CO-NO2 bond homolysis, is represented by E-c = 40 kcal/mol. The primary name zone, thought to be dominated by NO2/aldehyde reactions with on effective activation energy of E-g similar to 5 kcal/mol, is better represented by a vanishingly small value of E-g (WSB) than an asymptotically large value (DBW). The main implication of this finding is that the important (regression rate determining) gas reaction zone near the surface has more the character of chain reaction;than thermal decomposition. An important consequence is that the burning rare may be more sensitive to condensed phase decomposition kinetics than previous simplified models have allowed. Also, the BDP monopropellant model is shown to be essentially equivalent to the gas kinetically controlled DBW model and a quantitative BDP-DBW link is demonstrated. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brewster, MQ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 154 BP 1 EP 30 PG 30 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 333NJ UT WOS:000088135900001 ER PT J AU Chou, CP Chen, JY Evans, GH Winters, WS AF Chou, CP Chen, JY Evans, GH Winters, WS TI Numerical studies of methane catalytic combustion inside a monolith honeycomb reactor using multi-step surface reactions SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catalyst combustion; surface mechanism; numerical simulation ID HOMOGENEOUS-HETEROGENEOUS COMBUSTION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOWS; BIFURCATION BEHAVIOR; PLATINUM FOIL; OXIDATION; IGNITION; SIMULATION; ETHANE; MODEL AB The heterogeneous oxidation of methane-air mixture in a honeycomb catalytic reactor is investigated numerically in the present study. An improved multi-step surface reaction mechanism for methane oxidation on platinum is proposed so that surface ignition of lean methane-air mixtures is better modeled. First, this surface mechanism is used to determine the apparent activation energy of methane-air catalytic combustion. The predicted activation energies are found to agree well with the experimental data by Trimm and Lam (1980) and by Griffin and Pfefferle (1990). The chemical model indicates that, depending on the surface temperature, the surface reaction rate is dominated by either the oxygen desorption rate or by the methane adsorption rate. Second, the surface chemistry model is used to model a methane-air catalytic reactor with a two-dimensional flow code. The substrate surface temperatures are solved directly with a thermal boundary condition derived by balancing the energy fluxes at the gas-catalyst surface. Predictions of gas phase CO profiles and methane conversion at low surface temperatures are improved over those calculated in a previous study (Bond et al., 1996). The numerical model indicates that surface reaction becomes diffusion controlled soon after the surface is ignited. Since the surface ignition point is located near the enhance region, the catalytic combustion process is largely diffusion limited. A parametric study of pressure effects on the methane catalytic combustion is performed with the present numerical model. The predicted methane conversion rate does not decrease monotonically with pressure as expected for diffusion limited reactions. The model predicts that the methane catalytic combustion rate is limited to an even greater extent by gas phase diffusion when the pressure exceeds 2 atm. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat React Proc Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 150 IS 1-6 BP 27 EP 57 DI 10.1080/00102200008952116 PG 31 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 333MZ UT WOS:000088135000002 ER PT B AU Choquette, KD Klem, JF Hafich, MJ Allerman, AA Geib, KM Fischer, AJ AF Choquette, KD Klem, JF Hafich, MJ Allerman, AA Geib, KM Fischer, AJ BE Broekman, LD Usher, BF Riley, JD TI Vertical cavity lasers: Device advances and new applications SO COMMAD 2000 PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices CY DEC 06-08, 2000 CL LA TROBE UNIV, DEPTS ELECTR ENGN & PHYS, BUNDOORA, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electron Opt Soc, IEEE Australia Chapter, Lasers & Electron Opt Soc, Australian Mat Res Soc, Australian Inst Phys, Philips Analyt, Balzers Scitek Pty Ltd, Heys Technologies Int Pty Ltd, Oxford Instruments, Plasma Technol Grp, Stanton Sci, Thermo Optek (Australia) Pty Ltd, Melbourne Convent & Marketing Bur, La Trobe Univ, Ctr Mat & Surface Sci HO LA TROBE UNIV, DEPTS ELECTR ENGN & PHYS AB Central to the photonic revolution is the development of miniature light sources such as the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). VCSEL manufacturing has been established to provide inexpensive optical sources for data communication applications. Recent progress in materials and fabrication technologies has enabled a new generation of high performance VCSELs. We report recent device advances, including short (650 nm) and long (1300 nm) wavelength VCSELs, structures producing high single mode output, and hybrid integrated 2-dimensional transmitter arrays for spatial multiplexed optical interconnects. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Choquette, KD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6698-0 PY 2000 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1109/COMMAD.2000.1022941 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV54Q UT WOS:000179321300059 ER PT J AU Barnes, DC AF Barnes, DC TI Orthogonal approaches to 21(st) century fusion energy science SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Orthogonal approaches to fusion plasma confinement are defined, and several examples are given. The role of orthogonal approaches in a balanced fusion research and development program is analyzed. It is recommended that a strategy emphasizing a wide range of concepts, which include especially those far from familiar mainline approaches, would offer advantages over a narrower portfolio. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barnes, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 2 BP C39 EP C49 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 404ML UT WOS:000167103700003 ER PT J AU Meade, D AF Meade, D TI Fusion ignition research experiment SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Understanding the properties of high gain (alpha-dominated) fusion plasmas in an advanced toroidal configuration is the largest remaining open issue that must be addressed to provide the scientific foundation for an attractive magnetic fusion reactor. The critical parts of this science can be obtained in a compact high-field tokamak, which is also likely to provide the Fastest and least expensive path to understanding alpha-dominated plasmas in advanced toroidal systems. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Meade, D (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 2 BP C81 EP C97 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 404ML UT WOS:000167103700005 ER PT J AU Moir, RW AF Moir, RW TI Liquid walls for fusion reaction chambers SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN; SYSTEMS; BLANKET AB While liquid walls may arguably not be a necessary feature of a fusion energy power plant, their advantages-if they could be made to work-might make such a power plant so much more competitive as to push it "over the top" in the competition with alternative power plant options, This opinion paper discusses some of the current issues with liquid walls. The idea is to replace fusion's solid first wall-with all of its limitations due to radiation damage, stresses, limited power handling, and materials development-with a liquid wall that would allow a higher power density without these limitations. Such a prospect is irresistible. In the case of inertial fusion energy, liquid walls have become the main-line approach, and the object of research is to prove that they will work (i.e., can the chamber be cleared and ready for the next shot?), In the ease of magnetic fusion energy (usually in steady-state), liquid walls are thought not to work because of evaporation that contaminates the core plasma and/or the feasibility of open-channel liquid metal flow, and the objective of research is to find ways to make them work. There are also cases between the pulsed inertial fusion energy case and the steady-state magnetic fusion energy case. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moir, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 2 BP C99 EP C111 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 404ML UT WOS:000167103700006 ER PT J AU Olson, CL AF Olson, CL TI Inertial Fusion Concepts Working Group discussions at Snowmass SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB An inertial fusion energy overview and summaries of the four subgroups of the Inertial Fusion Concepts Working Group are presented. This includes discussions of target concepts (indirect drive, direct drive, fast ignitor): drivers (heavy ion, krypton-fluoride laser, diode-pumped solid state laser, z-pinches, light ions): power plant concepts (solid wall, wetted wall, liquid wall); and the overall inertial fusion energy road map. In addition, seven "special issues" are discussed. Current aspirations for the next decade are to support zero. one. or more integrated research experiments (heavy ion, krypton-fluoride laser, diode-pumped solid state laser), and several concepts at the concept exploration level (e.g., z-pinch, fast ignitor, light ion source). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olson, CL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 2 BP C113 EP C123 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 404ML UT WOS:000167103700007 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD AF Ryutov, DD TI Radical restructuring of the fusion effort SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON SOURCES; LINER; IMPLOSION; PLASMA; ENERGY AB Under the assumption that support for fusion research will grow during the coming decade, a proposal is here offered for changing the structure of the fusion program. It is recommended that the share of research related to neutron damage and induced radioactivity in the reactor core be significantly increased. Attempts to design and find materials for a "permanent" reactor core that can sustain high neutron fluences should be backed by research and development of thick liquid walls. Fusion concepts compatible with thick liquid walls should be identified and supported at a significant level. Among these, a concept based on adiabatic compression of centimeter-size magnetized plasmas looks very promising, both in terms of its relatively low development cost and also its potentially significant contribution to general plasma physics. These programmatic changes should occur on the background of continuing efforts to improve plasma performance in "mainline" fusion devices. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 2 BP C139 EP U14 PG 26 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 404ML UT WOS:000167103700009 ER PT J AU Becker, KH Inokuti, M AF Becker, KH Inokuti, M TI Synopsis of volume 43 - "Fundamentals of Plasma Chemistry" in the series "Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics" SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma chemistry; low-temperature plasmas; gas discharges; electronic and atomic collisions; spectroscopy; plasma-surface interaction AB A new volume in the series "Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics" devoted to "Fundamentals of Plasma Chemistry" (volume 43 edited by Mitio Inokuti and Kurl H. Becker) will be published shortly. Experts in electron collisions, ion-molecule collisions, optical spectroscopy, electron kinetics, plasma modeling, plasma-surface interactions, and discharge and plasma physics describe in 12 contributed articles the impact of selected areas of atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics on the recent advancement of plasma-based processes such as plasma etching, plasma-assisted deposition, and surface modification processes using non-thermal, non-equilibrium discharge plasmas. Authors were encouraged to highlight how advances in basic AMO science contributed to an improved understanding of the complex processes in low-temperature plasmas on a microscopic level or served as the basis for more sophisticated and more quantitative plasma diagnostics techniques. The various articles provide many examples of how challenges faced by the plasma processing community stimulated new research direction and advances in AMO science. The volume concludes with a chapter outlining future opportunities and challenges for AMO science in plasma chemistry applications. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Becker, KH (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 3 BP D113 EP D122 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 404MM UT WOS:000167103800007 ER PT J AU DiMauro, LF Kulander, KC AF DiMauro, LF Kulander, KC TI Photoelectron spectroscopy: A probe of the dynamics of multiphoton ionization SO COMMENTS ON MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE above-threshold ionization; multiphoton ionization; tunneling ionization; laser-atom interactions ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; LIMIT; LASER AB The dynamics of multiphoton ionization of atoms is studied through the energy and angle distributions of the photoelectrons. Experimental and theoretical results are used to elucidate the transformation in the character of the ionization process as the laser intensity becomes progressively stronger. The evolution of the spectrum is followed from the weak-field, perturbative limit to the intense field tunneling ionization regime. Dramatic changes in the laser-atom interaction are evident. Considering a simple, semi-classical picture of the behavior of the electron immediately after it enters the continuum allows a more complete understanding of the evolution of the observed distributions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, TAMP Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP DiMauro, LF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1560-5892 J9 COMMENT MOD PHYS JI Comment Mod. Phys. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 1 BP D1 EP D14 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 404LZ UT WOS:000167101000005 ER PT S AU Banks, PS Stuart, BC Komashko, AM Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Perry, MD AF Banks, PS Stuart, BC Komashko, AM Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Perry, MD BE Neev, J Reed, MK TI Femtosecond laser materials processing SO COMMERCIAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST LASERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Commercial and Biomedical Applications of Ultrafast Lasers II CY JAN 24-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE femtosecond lasers; laser machining; materials processing; laser-matter interaction ID ABLATION; PULSES; DIELECTRICS; PICOSECOND; METALS AB The use of femtosecond lasers allows materials processing of practically any material with extremely high precision and minimal collateral damage. Advantages over conventional laser machining (using pulses longer than a few tens of picoseconds) are realized by depositing the laser energy into the electrons of the material on a time scale shea compared to the transfer time of this energy to the bulk of the material, resulting in increased ablation efficiency and negligible shock or thermal stress. The improvement in the morphology by using femtosecond pulses rather than nanosecond pulses has been studied in numerous materials from biologic materials to dielectrics to metals. During the drilling process, we have observed the onset of small channels which drill faster than the surrounding material. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Banks, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Stuart, Brent/K-4988-2015 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3551-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3934 BP 14 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.386356 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ35T UT WOS:000088117300003 ER PT J AU White, DA AF White, DA TI Numerical dispersion of a vector finite element method on skewed hexahedral grids SO COMMUNICATIONS IN NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite element; dispersion; electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD COMPUTATION; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; EDGE-ELEMENTS AB The numerical dispersion relation is an important measure of the discretization error inherent in grid-based numerical methods for solving Maxwell's equations. In this paper we calculate the numerical dispersion of a vector finite element method for the case of a distorted three-dimensional hexahedral grid. The main result is that the numerical dispersion relation remains second-order accurate as the grid is distorted, although the dispersion becomes quite anisotropic. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP White, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, MSL 560, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dwhite@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1069-8299 J9 COMMUN NUMER METH EN JI Commun. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0887(200001)16:1<47::AID-CNM314>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 291FL UT WOS:000085723400004 ER PT S AU Li, H Peng, FZ Lawler, J AF Li, H Peng, FZ Lawler, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A study of modeling and simulation for soft-switched bi-directional dc-dc converters SO COMPEL 2000: 7TH WORKSHOP ON COMPUTERS IN POWER ELECTRONICS, PROCEEDINGS SE ANNUAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTERS IN POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Computer in Power Electronics (COMPEL 2000) CY JUL 16-18, 2000 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP IEEE, Power Electr Soc AB In this paper, an extended averaged model is developed for a soft-switched bi-directional de-de converter for high-power applications. The proposed technique can be applied to any de-de converter with a high-frequency isolation transformer. Simulation results of Matlab/Simulink using the proposed average model are compared to those of detailed circuit simulation to verify the validity of this technique. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-5142 BN 0-7803-6561-5 J9 ANN WORKSH COMP POW PY 2000 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1109/CIPE.2000.904694 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR58T UT WOS:000166855500012 ER PT J AU Turner, L Larsen, R Duoba, M McBroom, S Nedungadi, A Wipke, K AF Turner, L Larsen, R Duoba, M McBroom, S Nedungadi, A Wipke, K TI Modeling future automobiles: the role of industry and government SO COMPEL-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR COMPUTATION AND MATHEMATICS IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE modelling; electromagnetics; passenger cars; vehicles AB The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) is a joint project of the "big three" US automakers and seven US government agencies. The goal of the partnership is to develop a mid-sized car with a fuel economy of 3 liter/100km. The US Department of Energy is supporting the development of two computer codes for modeling future automobiles. PNGV and similar government/industry partnerships elsewhere in the world, some of them formed in response to PNGV: ave bringing major changes - perhaps a revolution - in automobiles. The 30 years of experience by the electromagnetics modeling community may be able to contribute to this process of change. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Turner, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0332-1649 J9 COMPEL JI Compel-Int. J. Comp. Math. Electr. Electron. Eng. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1044 DI 10.1108/03321640010347556 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA 378PH UT WOS:000165592400009 ER PT J AU Lin, MY Murphy, MJ Hahn, HT AF Lin, MY Murphy, MJ Hahn, HT TI Resin transfer molding process optimization SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE resin transfer molding (RTM); faulty finite model ID GATE LOCATION OPTIMIZATION; TIME; SIMULATION; ALGORITHMS AB The art of process optimization requires a clear understanding of the differences between each of the widely different optimization strategies available. Often, a sophisticated method that has been well tested in other fields is not applicable at all to problems in resin transfer molding (RTM). This work discusses the strength and weakness of the genetic algorithm and the gradient based algorithms. Two different types of RTM process optimization have been documented. In the first case, gate locations are optimized to minimize the fill time. The optimum design variables were located using the quasi-Newtonian method implemented in the code GLO. In the second case, the permeability of the high permeability layers is varied to minimize resin waste in addition to minimizing the fill time. For this problem, a graphical search was used to locate the optimum design. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hahn, HT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 4 BP 361 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(99)00054-8 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 297RK UT WOS:000086096300006 ER PT J AU Lee, HK Simunovic, S AF Lee, HK Simunovic, S TI Modeling of progressive damage in aligned and randomly oriented discontinuous fiber polymer matrix composites SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE damage constitutive models ID FAILURE; MODULI AB Damage constitutive models based on micromechanical formulation and a combination of micromechanical and macromechanical damage criterions are presented to predict progressive damage in aligned and random fiber-reinforced composites. Progressive interfacial fiber debonding models are considered in accordance with a statistical function to describe the varying probability of fiber debonding. Based on an effective elastoplastic constitutive damage model for aligned fiber-reinforced composites, micromechanical damage constitutive models for two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) random fiber-reinforced composites are developed. The constitutive relations and overall yield function for aligned fiber orientations are averaged over all orientations to obtain the constitutive relations and overall yield function of 2D and 3D, random fiber-reinforced composites. Finally, the present damage models an implemented numerically and compared with experimental data to show the progressive damage behavior of random fiber-reinforced composites. Furthermore, the damage models will be implemented into a finite element program to illustrate the dynamic inelastic behavior and progressive crushing in composite structures under impact loading. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, HK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lee, Haeng Ki/C-1640-2011 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 2 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(99)00070-0 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 303CE UT WOS:000086402600001 ER PT J AU He, MY Hsueh, CH Becher, PF AF He, MY Hsueh, CH Becher, PF TI Deflection versus penetration of a wedge-loaded crack: effects of branch-crack length and penetrated-layer width SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE layered structures; debonding; finite element analysis (FEA) ID DISSIMILAR ELASTIC-MATERIALS; INTERFACE; FIBER; COMPOSITES; STRESSES AB A crack intersecting an interface between two dissimilar material layers may advance by either deflecting along or penetrating through the interface. The criterion of deflection versus penetration can be established by the comparison of two ratios, the energy release rate ratio and the fracture energy ratio, of deflection to penetration The effects of: (1) a finite length of the branch crack emanating from the main crack tip; and (2) a finite width of the layer subjected to crack penetration were examined in the present study. The results reveal that the above two factors have profound effects on the criterion of deflection versus penetration for a wedge-loaded crack. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI He, Ming/F-9232-2010; Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 4 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(00)00007-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 340XT UT WOS:000088562500005 ER PT J AU Jiang, HG Valdez, JA Zhu, YT Beyerlein, IJ Lowe, TC AF Jiang, HG Valdez, JA Zhu, YT Beyerlein, IJ Lowe, TC TI The strength and toughness of cement reinforced with bone-shaped steel wires SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE short-fiber composites; strength; toughness; fiber bridging; BSS wires ID TENSILE-STRENGTH; COMPOSITES; FRACTURE; PROPAGATION; CONCRETE; FAILURE; FIBERS AB In this study, we have experimentally evaluated the effectiveness of bone-shaped short (BSS) steel wire reinforcement in improving the mechanical properties of cement. Results from four-point bending tests revealed that BSS-steel-wire-reinforced cement is substantially stronger, tougher, and more crack resistant than conventional straight short (CSS) steel-wire-reinforced cement and unreinforced cement. The BSS steel wires provided effective crack bridging by a combination of their ductility and the mechanical interlocking between their enlarged spherical ends and the cement matrix. In the BSS-wire-reinforced cement specimens, multiple cracks formed along the length of the specimen before final failure, whereas in the CSS-wire-reinforced cement and unreinforced cement specimens, a single central crack initiated and propagated across the specimen. Some BSS wires bridged the main crack and were eventually plastically deformed to failure. Secondary matrix cracks also radiated away from the main fracture surfaces, providing significant contributions to the toughness of the composites. In contrast, the bridging CSS wires were easily pulled out of the matrix without much deformation in the wire itself and surrounding cement. Therefore, they were not nearly as effective in bridging cracks and improving toughness as the BSS wires. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. AU rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; NR 31 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1753 EP 1761 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00055-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 342MC UT WOS:000088647500003 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH AF Hsueh, CH TI Young's modulus of unidirectional discontinuous-fibre composites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE short-fibre composites; modelling; stress transfer; elastic properties ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SHORT-FIBER; STRESS TRANSFER; REINFORCED ALUMINUM; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; MODEL; BEHAVIOR; INCLUSIONS AB Young's modulus of a unidirectional discontinuous-fibre composite is derived in the present study by the use of a modified shear-lag model. To achieve this, correct determination of the stress transfer at the fibre ends and selection of the representative volume element in the analytical model are required. The present predicted stress distribution along the fibre length during uniaxial loading of the composite is in excellent agreement with that obtained from a finite-element analysis. Also, by a judicious choice of the representative volume element for the modified shear-lag model, the predicted Young's modulus of the composite is in excellent agreement with those predicted from the Halpin-Tsai semi-empirical equation, the Eshelby model, and numerical analyses. Comparison is also made with experimental measurements of Young's moduli of aligned particulate- or whisker-reinforced SiC/aluminum-alloy composites, and good agreement is obtained. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 60 IS 14 BP 2671 EP 2680 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00128-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 372BW UT WOS:000165214600005 ER PT J AU Zywicz, E Nguyen, T AF Zywicz, E Nguyen, T TI On the flexural and extensional behavior of a large-tow triaxial braided composite SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extensional; flexural; braided; triaxial; large-tow ID WOVEN FABRIC COMPOSITES; ELASTIC-MODULI AB The lamina level extensional and flexural properties of a large-tow, triaxially braided, carbon-fiber/polymeric-matrix composite are examined. The braid's architecture is idealized with a single representative volume element. The homogenized lamina level properties are determined analytically by using concepts similar to beam theory as well as with three-dimensional finite-element techniques. The homogenized extensional and bending lamina properties are found to be distinct properties, not simply related to each other as in monolithic materials or in composites with very fine and highly periodic microstructures. Specifically, the ratio of the effective flexural to effective extensional Young's moduli is 0.52 and 0.92 in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively. The homogenized laminate properties of a two-ply composite were measured and compared to the numerical predictions. The ratio of the effective laminate flexural to extensional moduli predicted compares favorably with the experimental findings. Thus, in laminates with relatively few laminae, the actual flexural rigidity is lower than that based solely upon the extensional moduli. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zywicz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Nguyen, Thao/A-3391-2010 OI Nguyen, Thao/0000-0002-0312-1583 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 60 IS 16 BP 2989 EP 2999 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00158-5 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 380UU UT WOS:000165722500009 ER PT B AU Monier, C Baca, AG Pearton, SJ Ren, F Chang, PC Zhang, L LaRoche, JR Han, J Shul, RJ AF Monier, C Baca, AG Pearton, SJ Ren, F Chang, PC Zhang, L LaRoche, JR Han, J Shul, RJ BE Kopf, RF Chu, SNG Baca, AG TI AlGaN/GaN heterojunction bipolar transistor: Limiting factors and optimum design for high frequency performances SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR POWER TRANSISTORS II AND STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXXII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Power Transistors/32nd International Symposium on State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors CY MAY 14-19, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc ID P-TYPE GAN; OHMIC CONTACTS; ELECTRON; MOBILITY AB The performance capabilities of Npn AlGaN/GaN heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have been investigated by using a drift-diffusion transport model, The experimental Gummel plot from the initial large area HBT structure agrees well with simulation by using minority carrier mobility mu(n,h) and lifetime tau(n) values reported in the literature, Several computation approaches have been considered to improve the Npn HBT performance, Moderate improvement of the DC current gain beta (by a factor of 2) is observed by reasonably reducing the base thickness in accordance with processing limitations, Base transport enhancement is also predicted by the introduction of a quasi-electric field in the base, Simulations have been performed for various electric field values up to 35kV/cm, As a result, compositionally graded structures exhibit current gain significantly higher than those from non-graded structures. Preliminary calculated RF performances clearly show the negative influence of the poor Mg ionization efficiency-induced high base resistivity on high-frequency characteristics for a traditional (non-graded) HBT structure. Enhanced results of both cut-off and maximum oscillation frequencies are observed through the use of a graded base due to decreasing base transit time. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Monier, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-266-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 2000 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BQ46Z UT WOS:000088423100004 ER PT B AU Baca, AG Chang, PC Klem, JF Ashby, CIH Martin, DC AF Baca, AG Chang, PC Klem, JF Ashby, CIH Martin, DC BE Kopf, RF Chu, SNG Baca, AG TI DC and microwave characteristics of 100 VGaAs/AlGaAs HBTs SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR POWER TRANSISTORS II AND STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXXII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Power Transistors/32nd International Symposium on State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors CY MAY 14-19, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc AB A high voltage GaAs HBT with an open-base collector breakdown voltage of 106 V and an open-emitter breakdown voltage of 134 V has been demonstrated. A high quality 9.0 mu m thick collector doped to 2.0x10(15) cm(-3) grown by MBE on a doped GaAs substrate is the key to achieving this breakdown. These results were achieved for HBTs with 4x40 mu m(2) emitters. DC current gain of 38 at 6000 Al cm(2) was measured. This device also exhibited f(t) and f(max) of 1.16 and 2.99 GHz, respectively. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baca, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-266-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 2000 IS 1 BP 128 EP 135 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BQ46Z UT WOS:000088423100014 ER PT B AU Chang, PC Baca, AG Li, NY Hou, HQ Laroche, JR Ren, F AF Chang, PC Baca, AG Li, NY Hou, HQ Laroche, JR Ren, F BE Kopf, RF Chu, SNG Baca, AG TI Device characteristics of the PnP AlGaAs/InGaAsN/GaAS double heterojunction bipolar transistor SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR POWER TRANSISTORS II AND STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXXII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Power Transistors/32nd International Symposium on State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors CY MAY 14-19, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc ID LASER-DIODES; BAND-GAP; GAINNAS; EPITAXY; GAAS AB We have demonstrated a functional PnP double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) using AlGaAs, InGaAsN, and GaAs. The band alignment between InGaAsN and GaAs has a large Delta E-C and a negligible Delta E-V, and this unique characteristic is very suitable for PnP DHBT applications. The metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOCVD) grown Al0.3Ga0.7As/In0.03Ga0.97As0.99N0.01/GaAs PnP DUET is lattice matched to GaAs and has a peak current gain of 25. Because of the smaller bandgap (E-g = 1.20 eV) of In0.03Ga0.97As0.99N0.01 used for the base layer, this device has a low VON Of 0.79 V, which is 0.25 V lower than in a comparable Pnp AlGaAs/GaAs HBT. And because GaAs is used for the collector, its BVCEO is 12 V, consistent with BVCEO of AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs of comparable collector thickness and doping level. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chang, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-266-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 2000 IS 1 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BQ46Z UT WOS:000088423100032 ER PT S AU Ahoujja, M Yeo, YK Smith, MR Hengehold, RL Pomrenke, GS Huffman, J AF Ahoujja, M Yeo, YK Smith, MR Hengehold, RL Pomrenke, GS Huffman, J BE Ploog, K Trankle, G Weimann, G TI Hall coefficient singularity observed from p-SiGeC grown on n(-)-Si substrate SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 1999 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Compound Semiconducors CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, IFV Kompetenzzentrum TEMA B, AIXTRON AG, DaimlerChrysler AG, EPICHEM Ltd, Freiberger Compound Mat GmbH, Infineon Technologies AG, RIBER GmbH, United Monolith Semiconductors GmbH, VTS CreaTec GmbH, Wafer Technol Ltd ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES AB The electronic properties of boron doped Si1-x-yGexCy grown on n-Si substrate by low pressure chemical vapor deposition have been investigated as a function of carbon content (0.2 - 2%) using the temperature dependent Hall effect measurement, Hall coefficient singularities have been observed near 375 K for all samples as the sample temperature changes from low to high. This change in the conductivity type from p- to n-type is attributed to a three-layer conduction mechanism from the p-SiGeC layer. the n-Si substrate. and a possible p-type interfacial layer. The hole carrier density and mobility decrease with increasing C content for the doping of boron with the same B partial pressure used in the crystal growth. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. Lawrence Semicond Res Lab, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Ahoujja, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0704-8 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2000 IS 166 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BU98U UT WOS:000177563100036 ER PT B AU Foster, I Kesselman, C AF Foster, I Kesselman, C BE Salas, MD Anderson, WK TI The emerging grid SO COMPUTATIONAL AEROSCIENCES IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE ICASE/LARC INTERDISCIPLINARY SERIES IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ICAS/LaRC/NSF/ARO Workshop on Computational Aerosciences in the 21st Century CY APR 22-24, 1998 CL HAMPTON, VA SP Inst Comp Applicat Sci & Engn, NASA Langley Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Off Res C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Kesselman, Carl/0000-0003-0917-1562 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6728-6 J9 ICASE LARC IN SCI EN PY 2000 VL 8 BP 29 EP 46 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BS09G UT WOS:000168606200003 ER PT B AU Laflamme, R Knill, E AF Laflamme, R Knill, E BE Salas, MD Anderson, WK TI Quantum computation SO COMPUTATIONAL AEROSCIENCES IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE ICASE/LARC INTERDISCIPLINARY SERIES IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ICAS/LaRC/NSF/ARO Workshop on Computational Aerosciences in the 21st Century CY APR 22-24, 1998 CL HAMPTON, VA SP Inst Comp Applicat Sci & Engn, NASA Langley Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Off Res ID ERROR-CORRECTING CODES; TRAPPED IONS; LOGIC GATE; COMPUTER; UNIVERSAL; ALGORITHM; RESONANCE; ANALOG AB We review some history and recent developments of quantum computation. We illustrate the power of quantum computers by describing briefly some quantum algorithms. Although quantum computation might allow more efficient solutions of known problems it suffers from one affliction: the fragility on quantum information. This was a fundamental objection for a scalable quantum computer. This objection has been circumvented by the discovery of quantum error correction. Once it has been realized that quantum information can be made robust the door was open for the realization of small prototypes. We describe a few of the possible implementations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Laflamme, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6728-6 J9 ICASE LARC IN SCI EN PY 2000 VL 8 BP 139 EP 151 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BS09G UT WOS:000168606200007 ER PT J AU Gumaste, UA Park, KC Alvin, KF AF Gumaste, UA Park, KC Alvin, KF TI A family of implicit partitioned time integration algorithms for parallel analysis of heterogeneous structural systems SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID 2-LEVEL FETI METHOD; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION; TRANSIENT ANALYSIS; MECHANICS AB An implicit time integration algorithm is presented for the solution of linear structural dynamics problems on parallel computers. The present algorithm is derived from the partitioned equations of motion for a structure which consist of the equilibrium equations of each substructure due to its deformation energy, the self-equilibrium condition for each substructure under rigid-body motions, the partition boundary displacement compatibility condition and Newton's 3rd law along the partition boundary forces. A novel feature of the present algorithm is a flexibility normalization along the partitioned boundary nodes by using a localized version of the method of Lagrange multipliers, thus making the algorithm insensitive to both material and kinematic heterogeneities among the partitioned substructures. Numerical performance of the present algorithm demonstrates both its simplicity and efficiency. Hence, we recommend it for production analysis of heterogeneous structures modeled. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Aerosp Struct, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Control Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Park, KC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Campus Box 429, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI park, k.c./E-8898-2010 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-7675 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 24 IS 6 BP 463 EP 475 DI 10.1007/s004660050006 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 283AG UT WOS:000085253500006 ER PT B AU Pawar, RJ Tartakovsky, DM AF Pawar, RJ Tartakovsky, DM BE Bentley, LR Sykes, JF Brebbia, CA Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Propagation of measurement errors in reservoir modeling SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SUBSURFACE FLOW AND TRANSPORT - COMPUTATIONAL METHODS, SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 25-29, 2000 CL UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI, CALGARY, CANADA HO UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI ID CONDITIONAL SIMULATION AB Successful modeling of flow and transport in geologic formations requires detailed characterization of their hydraulic properties. In practice, these properties are at best measured at selected locations where their values are often corrupted by experimental and interpretive errors. Such data are further used in model parameterization and subsequent numerical simulations. We investigate the propagation of measurement errors through all stages of our modeling process: (1) data collection mimicked by numerical simulations of transient pumping tests; (2) transient semilog data analysis; (3) geostatistical generation of permeability distributions with nugget; and, finally, (4) flow simulations. We demonstrate how even small experimental and interpretive errors can manifest themselves in inaccurate predictions of the system states. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geoanal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Pawar, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geoanal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-123-6 PY 2000 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ57H UT WOS:000088804700003 ER PT B AU Maxwell, RM Tompson, AFB Rambo, JT Carle, SF Pawloski, GA AF Maxwell, RM Tompson, AFB Rambo, JT Carle, SF Pawloski, GA BE Bentley, LR Sykes, JF Brebbia, CA Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Thermally induced groundwater flow resulting from an underground nuclear test SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SUBSURFACE FLOW AND TRANSPORT - COMPUTATIONAL METHODS, SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 25-29, 2000 CL UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI, CALGARY, CANADA HO UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI AB We examine the transient residual thermal signal resulting from an underground nuclear test (buried below the water table) and its potential to affect local groundwater flow and radionuclide migration in a saturated, fractured, volcanic aquifer system. Thermal profiles measured in a drillback hole between 154 days and 6.5 years after the test have been used to calibrate a non-isothermal model of fluid flow. In this process, we have estimated the magnitude and relative changes in permeability, porosity and fracture density between different portions of the disturbed and undisturbed geologic medium surrounding the test location. The relative impacts of buoyancy forces (arising from the thermal residual of the test and the background geothermal gradient) and horizontal pressure gradients on the post-test flow system are better understood. A transient particle/streamline model of contaminant transport is used to visualize streamlines and streaklines of the flow field and to examine the migration of non-reactive radionuclides. Sensitivity analyses are performed to understand the effects of local and sub-regional geologic features, and the effects of fractured zones on the movement of groundwater and thermal energy. Conclusions regarding the overall effect of the thermal regime on the residence times and fluxes of radionuclides out of the system are drawn, and implications for more complicated, reactive contaminant transport are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Maxwell, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013 OI Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-123-6 PY 2000 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ57H UT WOS:000088804700007 ER PT B AU Jones, JE Woodward, CS AF Jones, JE Woodward, CS BE Bentley, LR Sykes, JF Brebbia, CA Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Preconditioning Newton-Krylov methods for variably saturated flow SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SUBSURFACE FLOW AND TRANSPORT - COMPUTATIONAL METHODS, SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 25-29, 2000 CL UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI, CALGARY, CANADA HO UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI AB In this paper, we compare the effectiveness of three preconditioning strategies in simulations of variably saturated flow. Using Richards' equation as our model, we solve the nonlinear system using a Newton-Krylov method. Since Krylov solvers can stagnate, resulting in slow convergence, we investigate different strategies of preconditioning the Jacobian system. Our work uses a multigrid method to solve the preconditioning systems, with three different approximations to the Jacobian matrix. One approximation lags the nonlinearities, the second results from discarding selected off-diagonal contributions, and the third matrix considered is the full Jacobian. Results indicate that although the Jacobian is more accurate, its usage as a preconditioning matrix should be limited, as it requires much more storage than the simpler approximations. Also, simply lagging the nonlinearities gives a preconditioning matrix that is almost as effective as the full Jacobian but much easier to compute. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jones, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Jones, Jim/0000-0002-0144-6130 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-123-6 PY 2000 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ57H UT WOS:000088804700014 ER PT B AU Steefel, CI AF Steefel, CI BE Bentley, LR Sykes, JF Brebbia, CA Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI New directions in hydrogeochemical transport modeling: Incorporating multiple kinetic and equilibrium reaction pathways SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SUBSURFACE FLOW AND TRANSPORT - COMPUTATIONAL METHODS, SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 25-29, 2000 CL UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI, CALGARY, CANADA HO UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI ID RATE-DETERMINING STEP; OXIDATION; SYSTEMS; PYRITE AB At least two distinct kinds of hydrogeochemical models have evolved historically for use in analyzing contaminant transport, but each has important limitations. One kind, focusing on organic contaminants; treats biodegradation reactions as parts of relatively simple kinetic reaction networks with no or limited coupling to aqueous and surface complexation and mineral dissolution/precipitation reactions. a second kind, evolving out of the speciation and reaction path codes, is capable of handling a comprehensive suite of multicomponent complexation (aqueous and surface) and mineral precipitation and dissolution reactions, but has not been able to treat reaction networks characterized by partial redox disequilibrium and multiple kinetic pathways. More recently, various investigators have begun to consider biodegradation reactions in the context of comprehensive equilibrium and kinetic reaction networks (e.g. Hunter et al. 1998, Mayer 1999). Here we explore two examples of multiple equilibrium and kinetic reaction pathways using the reactive transport code GIMRT98 (Steefel, in prep.): 1) a computational example involving the generation of acid mine drainage due to oxidation of pyrite, and 2) a computational/field example where the rates of chlorinated VOC degradation are linked to the rates of major redox processes occurring in organic-rich wetland sediments overlying a contaminated aerobic aquifer. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Steefel, CI (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-123-6 PY 2000 BP 331 EP 338 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ57H UT WOS:000088804700045 ER PT B AU Glascoe, LG Olson, AJ Lu, G McGraw, MA Lichtner, PC Wolfsberg, AV AF Glascoe, LG Olson, AJ Lu, G McGraw, MA Lichtner, PC Wolfsberg, AV BE Bentley, LR Sykes, JF Brebbia, CA Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Radionuclide transport from an underground nuclear test in the presence of residual heat and colloids SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SUBSURFACE FLOW AND TRANSPORT - COMPUTATIONAL METHODS, SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 25-29, 2000 CL UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI, CALGARY, CANADA HO UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI AB A small amount of plutonium (Pu) was detected in groundwater 1.3 km from its source, the Benham underground nuclear test at Pahute Mesa on the Nevada Test Site. The highest concentration of detected plutonium (0.63 pCi/l, well below the EPA drinking water standard) was measured in an aquifer 500 m above Benham's detonation point. To investigate the role of thermally driven vertical flow and colloid-facilitated transport as necessary mechanisms leading to these observations, the three-dimensional finite-element code, FEHM, is used to simulate flow and transport in and near the source region. Results, interpreted using Rayleigh number calculations, indicate that a combination of a localized residual heat source and a high permeability cavity/chimney system can lead to the vertical transport of particles and/or solutes to the aquifer in which the detected Pu concentration was highest. Following vertical transport in the chimney, low colloid filtration rates and kinetic control on the reaction of Pu sorption to colloids are favorable for rapid transport of plutonium in the fractured tuff to the observation wells in which plutonium was detected. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Glascoe, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-123-6 PY 2000 BP 357 EP 364 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ57H UT WOS:000088804700049 ER PT B AU Maxwell, RM Carle, SF Tompson, AFB AF Maxwell, RM Carle, SF Tompson, AFB BE Bentley, LR Sykes, JF Brebbia, CA Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Risk-based management of contaminated groundwater: The role of geologic heterogeneity, exposure and cancer risk in determining the performance of aquifer remediation SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SUBSURFACE FLOW AND TRANSPORT - COMPUTATIONAL METHODS, SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 25-29, 2000 CL UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI, CALGARY, CANADA HO UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI ID METHODOLOGY; GEOSTATISTICS AB The effectiveness of aquifer remediation is typically expressed in terms of a reduction in contaminant concentrations relative to a regulated maximum contaminant level (MCL), and is usually confirmed by sparse monitoring data and/or simple model calculations. Here, the effectiveness of remediation is examined from a risk-based perspective that goes beyond the traditional MCL concept. A methodology is employed to evaluate the health risk to individuals exposed to contaminated household water that is produced from groundwater. This approach explicitly accounts for differences in risk arising from variability in individual physiology and water use, the uncertainty in estimating chemical carcinogenesis for different individuals, and the uncertainties and variability in contaminant concentrations within groundwater. A hypothetical contamination scenario is developed as a case study in a saturated, alluvial aquifer underlying a real Superfund site. A baseline (unremediated) human exposure and health risk scenario, as induced by contaminated groundwater pumped from this site, is predicted and compared with a similar estimate based upon pump-and-treat exposure intervention. The predicted reduction in risk in the remediation scenario is not an equitable one - that is, it is not uniform to all individuals within a population and varies according to the level of uncertainty in prediction. The importance of understanding the detailed hydrogeologic connections that are established in the heterogeneous geologic regime between the contaminated source, municipal receptors, and remediation wells, and its relationship to this uncertainty is demonstrated. Using two alternative pumping rates, we develop cost-benefit curves based upon reduced exposure and risk to different individuals within the population, under the presence of uncertainty. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Maxwell, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013 OI Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-123-6 PY 2000 BP 533 EP 539 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ57H UT WOS:000088804700073 ER PT B AU Travis, BJ AF Travis, BJ BE Bentley, LR Sykes, JF Brebbia, CA Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Using fractal functions to capture subgridscale dynamics in porous flow and transport numerical models SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SUBSURFACE FLOW AND TRANSPORT - COMPUTATIONAL METHODS, SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 25-29, 2000 CL UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI, CALGARY, CANADA HO UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI AB Numerical simulations impose a minimum length scale through their domain discretizations, Structure (e.g., in porosity, permeability and chemical properties) smaller than this scale is lost. Unfortunately, it has been shown that ignoring subgridscale structure can lead to significant errors in estimation of flow direction and speed and consequently in transport prediction. An alternative approach is described here which relies on the observation that important properties of soil and rock are fractal or at least approximately so over a range of scales. This algorithm uses fractal interpolating functions to represent multi-scale variability in soil properties as well as the dependent variables. These provide a multi-scale solution, resolvable to any scale, which automatically couples small scale dynamics to larger scales. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Travis, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-123-6 PY 2000 BP 849 EP 853 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ57H UT WOS:000088804700117 ER PT J AU Pollock, GM AF Pollock, GM TI Leveraging emerging technologies SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Secure Networks & Informat Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pollock, GM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Secure Networks & Informat Syst Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD JAN PY 2000 VL 33 IS 1 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 271YY UT WOS:000084624200002 ER PT J AU Gunther, F Liu, WK Diachin, D Christon, MA AF Gunther, F Liu, WK Diachin, D Christon, MA TI Multi-scale meshfree parallel computations for viscous, compressible flows SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Japan-US Symposium on Finite Element Methods in Latge-Scale Computational Fluid Dynamics CY APR 02-04, 1998 CL NIHON UNIV, COLL SCI & TECHNOL, NIHON, JAPAN SP Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Tecnol, Japn Soc Computat Fluid Dynam HO NIHON UNIV, COLL SCI & TECHNOL ID FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; KERNEL PARTICLE METHODS; ADVECTIVE-DIFFUSIVE SYSTEMS; FLUID-DYNAMICS; CONVERGENCE; EQUATIONS; WAVELET; EULER AB In this paper, a Petrov-Galerkin formulation for a viscous, compressible fluid using the meshless reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) is first presented. The location of shocks is determined from the high-scale part of the solution using multiresolution analysis. ii parallel computer implementation for distributed memory architectures is then proposed, including a discussion of handling boundary conditions in parallel. Preliminary results for 1-16 processors of an IBM SP computer are presented, and future directions for a massively parallel implementation are outlined. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys R&D Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Liu, WK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Liu, Wing/B-7599-2009 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 190 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 279 EP 303 PG 25 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 379JD UT WOS:000165638200004 ER PT J AU Shestakov, AI Prasad, MK Milovich, JL Gentile, NA Painter, JF Furnish, G AF Shestakov, AI Prasad, MK Milovich, JL Gentile, NA Painter, JF Furnish, G TI The radiation-hydrodynamic ICF3D code SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LASER AB We describe the 3D high temperature plasma simulation computer code ICF3D which is being developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The code is portable; it runs on a variety of platforms: uniprocessors, SMPs, and MPPs. It parallelizes by decomposing physical space into disjoint subdomains and relies on message passing libraries such as MPI. ICF3D is written in the object oriented programming language C++. The mesh is unstructured and consists of a collection of hexahedra, prisms, pyramids, and/or tetrahedra. The hydrodynamics is modeled by the discontinuous finite element method which allows a natural representation of inherently discontinuous phenomena such as shocks. Continuous processes such as diffusion are modeled by conventional finite element methods. ICF3D is modular and consists of separate equation-of-state, hydrodynamic, heat conduction, and multi-group radiation transport (diffusion approximation) packages. We present results on problems relevant to Inertial Confinement Fusion which are obtained on a variety of computers, uniprocessors and MPPs. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-38, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 187 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00117-6 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 328NG UT WOS:000087856500011 ER PT J AU Margolin, LG Shashkov, M Smolarkiewicz, PK AF Margolin, LG Shashkov, M Smolarkiewicz, PK TI A discrete operator calculus for finite difference approximations SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ADVECTION TRANSPORT ALGORITHM; LOGICALLY RECTANGULAR GRIDS; EULERIAN COMPUTING METHOD; SMALL IMPLICIT DIFFUSION; NATURAL DISCRETIZATIONS; FLOW SPEEDS; EQUATIONS; SCHEMES; FLUIDS; CONSTRUCTION AB In this article we describe two areas of recent progress in the construction of accurate and robust finite difference algorithms for continuum dynamics. The support operators method (SOM) provides a conceptual framework for deriving a discrete operator calculus, based on mimicking selected properties of the differential operators. In this paper, we choose to preserve the fundamental conservation laws of a continuum in the discretization. A strength of SOM is its applicability to irregular unstructured meshes. We describe the construction of an operator calculus suitable for gas dynamics and for solid dynamics, derive general formulae for the operators, and exhibit their realization in 2D cylindrical coordinates. The multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm (MPDATA) provides a framework for constructing accurate nonoscillatory advection schemes. In particular, the nonoscillatory property is important in the remapping stage of arbitrary-lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) programs. MPDATA is based on the sign-preserving property of upstream differencing, and is fully multidimensional. We describe the basic second-order-accurate method, and review its generalizations. We show examples of the application of MPDATA to an advection problem, and also to a complex fluid flow. We also provide an example to demonstrate the blending of the SOM and MPDATA approaches. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Margolin, LG (reprint author), X HM, Hydrodynam Methods, MS-D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 50 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 187 IS 3-4 BP 365 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(00)80001-8 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 334UA UT WOS:000088203000002 ER PT J AU Bardenhagen, SG Brackbill, JU Sulsky, D AF Bardenhagen, SG Brackbill, JU Sulsky, D TI The material-point method for granular materials SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-MODEL; FLUCTUATIONS AB A model for granular materials is presented that describes both the internal deformation of each granule and the interactions between grains. The model, which is based on the FLIP-material point, particle-in-cell method, solves continuum constitutive models for each grain. Interactions between grains are calculated with a contact algorithm that forbids interpenetration, but allows separation and sliding and rolling with friction. The particle-in-cell method eliminates the need for a separate contact detection step. The use of a common rest frame in the contact model yields a linear scaling of the computational cost with the number of grains. The properties of the model are illustrated by numerical solutions of sliding and rolling contacts, and for granular materials by a shear calculation. The results of numerical calculations demonstrate that contacts are modeled accurately for smooth granules whose shape is resolved by the computation mesh. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Brackbill, JU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-3,MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 115 Z9 123 U1 6 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 187 IS 3-4 BP 529 EP 541 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00338-2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 334UA UT WOS:000088203000008 ER PT J AU Peery, JS Carroll, DE AF Peery, JS Carroll, DE TI Multi-Material ALE methods in unstructured grids SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) methods have existed for several decades. However, three-dimensional Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (MMALE) methods for unstructured grids are relatively new. MMALE algorithms provide the framework to model sections of a simulation as either Lagrangian, ALE, or Eulerian. In addition, sections of a simulation can switch in time between mesh motions as the distortion of the problem dictates. The MMALE method provides the accuracy of Lagrangian mesh motion and the robustness of Eulerian mesh motion within the same framework. Extending this method to unstructured grids allows for more accurate representation of curved surfaces and complex geometries. This paper examines the algorithms required for the MMALE method and the extensions to these algorithms for unstructured meshes. In addition, second-order behavior of the MMALE algorithm as it exists in the high energy density physics code Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian General Research Applications code (ALEGRA) is demonstrated, along with a practical example of its usefulness. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Corp, Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9231, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peery, JS (reprint author), Sandia Corp, Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9231, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 187 IS 3-4 BP 591 EP 619 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00341-2 PG 29 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 334UA UT WOS:000088203000011 ER PT J AU Heinstein, MW Mello, FJ Attaway, SW Laursen, TA AF Heinstein, MW Mello, FJ Attaway, SW Laursen, TA TI Contact-impact modeling in explicit transient dynamics SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; TANGENT STIFFNESS; SURFACE-CONTACT; ALGORITHM AB In this article we discuss the treatment of contact-impact modeling in a large deformation explicit transient dynamic setting. Such problems are posed mathematically by demanding the usual satisfaction momentum balance equations and boundary conditions for each body separately, while imposing an additional set of constraints that govern the interaction of these bodies with each other. In applying such methods to contact problems we emphasize two requirements: first, that the treatment of contact should follow from the development of the local tweak) and global (strong) forms of the contact equations in the continuum setting. Algorithms developed from this framework are seen to readily handle the three-dimensional multi-body friction case. Second, and equally important especially in large applications is the practical aspect of computing the closest point projection for contact nodes, an essential component of defining the contact constraints. This calculation is global in nature, accounting for the fact that contact-impact involves multiple bodies interacting in unforeseeable ways. These requirements have guided the development of algorithms capable of treating contact-impact in PRONTO3D (M.W. Heinstein, S.W. Attaway, J.W. Swegle, F.J. Mello, A general purpose contact detection algorithm for nonlinear structural analysis sodes, SAND92-2141, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, N-87185, 1992) are discussed in this paper. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Corp, Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Mech & Mat Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Heinstein, MW (reprint author), Sandia Corp, Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Mech & Mat Modeling Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Laursen, Tod/0000-0003-4704-7730 NR 19 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 187 IS 3-4 BP 621 EP 640 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00342-4 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 334UA UT WOS:000088203000012 ER PT J AU Campbell, J Vignjevic, R Libersky, L AF Campbell, J Vignjevic, R Libersky, L TI A contact algorithm for smoothed particle hydrodynamics SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY IMPACT COMPUTATIONS; SPH AB This paper describes the development and testing of a contact algorithm for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). The treatment of contact boundary conditions in SPH has not been adequately addressed, and the development of the normalised smoothing function approach has highlighted the need for correct treatment of boundary conditions. A particle to particle contact algorithm was developed for 2D. The penalty formulation was used to enforce the contact condition, and several equations for the penalty force calculation were considered. The contact algorithm was tested for 1- and 2D problems for the velocity range between 0.2 and 4.0 km/s to determine the best penalty force equation and the best approach for applying the contact force. The tests showed that the zero-energy mode problem in the SPH method had to be addressed, as contact excited a zero-energy mode that caused non-physical motion of particles. The test results were compared to the DYNA3D results for the same problems. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Cranfield Univ, Coll Aeronaut, Dept Aerosp Sci, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vignjevic, R (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Coll Aeronaut, Dept Aerosp Sci, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. OI Campbell, James/0000-0001-8208-8103 NR 15 TC 54 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 184 IS 1 BP 49 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00442-9 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 299QX UT WOS:000086210300005 ER PT J AU Vignjevic, R Campbell, J Libersky, L AF Vignjevic, R Campbell, J Libersky, L TI A treatment of zero-energy modes in the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SPH AB This paper describes the development and testing of an approach for treatment of zero-energy modes in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The zero-energy modes are a consequence of the fact that field variables and their derivatives are calculated at the same points, so that an alternating field variable has a zero gradient at the particles. An alternative discretisation method that uses two types of particles, "velocity particles" where the velocity is known and "stress particles" where the stress is known, is proposed as a solution to this problem. This approach prevents the zero-energy modes from occurring, and also is a probable solution to the tensile instability problem. 1D and 2D algorithms are presented and test results shown, demonstrating that it does solve the zero-energy mode problem. This approach also offered a method to satisfy the stress-free boundary condition with out the need to explicitly enforce it, as is required in conventional normalised SPH. This was achieved by placing only the velocity points (points where the velocity is known) at material boundaries. The proposed type of discretisation and boundary treatment significantly improves performance and simplifies penalty based contact algorithm for SPH. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Cranfield Univ, Coll Aeronaut, Dept Aerosp Sci, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vignjevic, R (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Coll Aeronaut, Dept Aerosp Sci, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. OI Campbell, James/0000-0001-8208-8103 NR 9 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 184 IS 1 BP 67 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00441-7 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 299QX UT WOS:000086210300006 ER PT J AU Brown, K Attaway, S Plimpton, S Hendrickson, B AF Brown, K Attaway, S Plimpton, S Hendrickson, B TI Parallel strategies for crash and impact simulations SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE solid mechanics simulations; contact; smooth particle hydrodynamics; parallel supercomputers ID PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CONTACT DETECTION; ALGORITHMS AB We describe a general strategy we have found effective for parallelizing solid mechanics simulations. Such simulations often have several computationally intensive parts, including finite element integration, detection of material contacts, and particle interaction if smoothed particle hydrodynamics is used to model highly deforming materials. The need to balance all of these computations simultaneously is a difficult challenge that has kept many commercial and government codes from being used effectively on parallel supercomputers with hundreds or thousands of processors. Our strategy is to load-balance each of the significant computations independently with whatever balancing technique is most appropriate. The chief benefit is that each computation can be scalably parallelized. The drawback is the data exchange between processors and extra coding that must be written to maintain multiple decompositions in a single code. We discuss these trade-offs and give performance results showing this strategy has led to a parallel implementation of a widely used solid mechanics code that can now be run efficiently on thousands of processors of the Pentium-based Sandia/Intel TFLOPS machine. We illustrate with several examples the kinds of high-resolution, million-element models that can now be simulated routinely. We also look to the future and discuss what possibilities this new capability promises, as well as the new set of challenges it poses in material models, computational techniques, and computing infrastructure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 184 IS 2-4 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00235-2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 303BF UT WOS:000086400400010 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, B Devine, K AF Hendrickson, B Devine, K TI Dynamic load balancing in computational mechanics SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dynamic load balancing; parallel computer; adaptive mesh refinement ID PARALLEL COMPUTERS; MESH GENERATION; ALGORITHM; MULTIPROCESSORS; PARTITIONS AB In many important computational mechanics applications, the computation adapts dynamically during the simulation. Examples include adaptive mesh refinement, particle simulations and transient dynamics calculations. When running these kinds of simulations on a parallel computer, the work must be assigned to processors in a dynamic fashion to keep the computational load balanced. A number of approaches have been proposed for this dynamic load balancing problem. This paper reviews the major classes of algorithms and discusses their relative merits on problems from computational mechanics. Shortcomings in the state-of-the-art are identified and suggestions are made for future research directions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bah@cs.sandia.gov; bah@cs.sandia.gov NR 63 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 184 IS 2-4 BP 485 EP 500 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00241-8 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 303BF UT WOS:000086400400016 ER PT J AU Blankenbecler, R AF Blankenbecler, R TI Track fitting and antennas SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DEFORMABLE TEMPLATES; PARAMETERS; ALGORITHM; ESPRIT AB The problem of fitting track data is transformed into a problem in antenna theory. This latter well-studied problem is characterized as an antenna array that is receiving a narrow band signal from multiple distant sources. The goal here is to count the number of sources and determine the angle of each sourer relative to the array. Similarly, the original problem of track fitting is to count the number and to determine the location and angle of each track, but in the presence of noise and finite detection efficiency. However, an additional complication in fitting tracks is that in a magnetic field, the radius of curvature of the track must also be determined. This is shown to map into an extended antenna problem of analyzing 'chirped' or frequency modulated sources. A somewhat detailed development and discussion of track parameter estimation utilizing Bayesian methods is then given. The main goal of this paper is to point out the relationship between these disparate problems. No numerical comparisons with established methods are given. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Blankenbecler, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM rzbth@slac.stanford.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 124 IS 1 BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(99)00430-0 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 277DC UT WOS:000084916600004 ER PT S AU Hatano, N Gubernatis, JE AF Hatano, N Gubernatis, JE BE Landau, DP Lewis, SP Schuttler, HB TI A bivariate multicanonical Monte Carlo of the 3D +/- J spin glass SO COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDIES IN CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS XII SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Workshop on Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics CY MAR 08-12, 1999 CL UNIV GEORGIA, ATHENS, GA SP IBM Corp HO UNIV GEORGIA ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ORDERED PHASE; ENSEMBLE; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; BEHAVIOR; STATE AB A bivariate multicanonical Monte Carlo simulation of the three-dimensional +/-J Ising spin glass is described. The autocorrelation time is approximately proportional to the system size, which is a great improvement over previous spin-glass simulations. The Binder plot indicates the critical temperature T-c similar or equal to 1.3. The order-parameter distribution function P(q) exhibits a feature of the droplet picture of the low-temperature phase. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hatano, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-66565-X J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2000 VL 85 BP 149 EP 161 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Physics GA BP63L UT WOS:000085736400013 ER PT S AU Zaritsky, R Peterfreund, N Shimkin, N AF Zaritsky, R Peterfreund, N Shimkin, N BE Vernon, D TI Velocity-Guided tracking of deformable contours in three dimensional space SO COMPUTER VISION - ECCV 2000, PT I, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Computer Vision CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2000 CL UNIV DUBLIN, TRINITY COLL, DUBLIN, IRELAND SP European Vision Soc HO UNIV DUBLIN, TRINITY COLL AB This paper presents a 3D active contour model for boundary tracking, motion analysis and position prediction of non-rigid objects, which applies stereo vision and velocity control to the class of deformable contour models, known as snakes. The proposed contour evolves in three dimensional space in reaction to a 3D potential function, which is derived by projecting the contour onto the 2D stereo images. The potential function is augmented by a velocity term, which is related to the three dimensional velocity field along the contour, and is used to guide the contour displacement between subsequent images. This leads to improved spatio-temporal tracking performance, which is demonstrated through experimental results with real and synthetic images. Good tracking performance is obtained with as little as one iteration per frame, which provides a considerable advantage for real time operation. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zaritsky, R (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67685-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1842 BP 251 EP 266 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT08B UT WOS:000171882000017 ER PT J AU Petrini, F AF Petrini, F TI Efficient total-exchange in wormhole-routed toroidal cubes SO COMPUTERS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE total-exchange; personalized communication; interconnection networks; wormhole routing; collective communication patterns ID PERSONALIZED COMMUNICATION; NETWORKS; TORUS AB The total-exchange is one of the most dense communication patterns and is at the heart of numerous applications and programming models in parallel computing. In this paper we present a simple randomized algorithm to efficiently schedule the total-exchange on a toroidal mesh with wormhole switching. This algorithm is based on an important property of the wormhole networks that reach high performance under uniform traffic using adaptive routing. The experimental results, conducted on a 256 nodes bi-dimensional torus, show that this algorithm reaches a very high level of performance, around 90% of the optimal bound, and is more efficient than other algorithms presented in the literature. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrini, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Res & Applicat CIC 3,MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLOVAK ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI BRATISLAVA PA PO BOX 57 NAM SLOBODY 6, 810 05 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0232-0274 J9 COMPUT ARTIF INTELL JI Comput. Artif. Intell. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3 BP 205 EP 219 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 346MV UT WOS:000088876400001 ER PT J AU Cohen, F AF Cohen, F TI A mathematical structure of simple defensive network deceptions SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cohen, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 6 BP 520 EP 528 DI 10.1016/S0167-4048(00)06026-0 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 360EV UT WOS:000089654200026 ER PT J AU Dongarra, J Sullivan, F AF Dongarra, J Sullivan, F TI The top 10 algorithms SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 0 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 2 IS 1 BP 22 EP 23 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2000.814652 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 268YZ UT WOS:000084449400005 ER PT J AU Bailey, DH AF Bailey, DH TI Integer relation detection SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MULTIPRECISION AB Practical algorithms for integer relation detection have become a staple in the emerging discipline of experimental mathematics-using modern computer technology to explore mathematical questions. After briefly discussing the problem of integer relation detection the author describes several recent, remarkable applications of these techniques in both mathematics and physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bailey, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 50B-2239, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 2 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1109/5992.814653 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 268YZ UT WOS:000084449400006 ER PT S AU Marinescu, DC Overhauser, AW AF Marinescu, DC Overhauser, AW BE Ernst, DJ Perakis, IE Umar, AS TI Thermoelectric flux in a bimetallic superconducting ring SO CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES, VOL 14 SE CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL VANDERBILT UNIV, NASHVILLE, TN SP Pan Amer Assoc Phys HO VANDERBILT UNIV C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37923 USA. RP Marinescu, DC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37923 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA SN 0893-861X BN 1-56072-811-6 J9 COND MAT TH PY 2000 VL 14 BP 175 EP 182 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BS76U UT WOS:000171059100019 ER PT S AU Baker, GA Johnson, JD AF Baker, GA Johnson, JD BE Ernst, DJ Perakis, IE Umar, AS TI The missing e(4) perturbation theory terms for an electron-ion system SO CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES, VOL 14 SE CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL VANDERBILT UNIV, NASHVILLE, TN SP Pan Amer Assoc Phys HO VANDERBILT UNIV C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA SN 0893-861X BN 1-56072-811-6 J9 COND MAT TH PY 2000 VL 14 BP 211 EP 222 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BS76U UT WOS:000171059100024 ER PT S AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ BE Ernst, DJ Perakis, IE Umar, AS TI Shell-model Monte Carlo calculations in nuclei SO CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES, VOL 14 SE CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL VANDERBILT UNIV, NASHVILLE, TN SP Pan Amer Assoc Phys HO VANDERBILT UNIV ID RB-74 C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA SN 0893-861X BN 1-56072-811-6 J9 COND MAT TH PY 2000 VL 14 BP 251 EP 257 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BS76U UT WOS:000171059100028 ER PT S AU Fitzgerald, M Ricard, RR Silver, RN AF Fitzgerald, M Ricard, RR Silver, RN BE Ernst, DJ Perakis, IE Umar, AS TI Adaptive non-Boltzmann Monte Carlo SO CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES, VOL 14 SE CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL VANDERBILT UNIV, NASHVILLE, TN SP Pan Amer Assoc Phys HO VANDERBILT UNIV ID FREE-ENERGY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ALGORITHM C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA SN 0893-861X BN 1-56072-811-6 J9 COND MAT TH PY 2000 VL 14 BP 389 EP 396 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BS76U UT WOS:000171059100042 ER PT S AU Sohlberg, K Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST AF Sohlberg, K Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST BE Ernst, DJ Perakis, IE Umar, AS TI Theory of the complex structure of alumina phases SO CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES, VOL 14 SE CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL VANDERBILT UNIV, NASHVILLE, TN SP Pan Amer Assoc Phys HO VANDERBILT UNIV ID GAMMA-ALUMINA; GAMMA-AL2O3; ENERGY; SITES C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sohlberg, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA SN 0893-861X BN 1-56072-811-6 J9 COND MAT TH PY 2000 VL 14 BP 445 EP 452 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BS76U UT WOS:000171059100048 ER PT B AU Gold, SL AF Gold, SL GP IEEE IEEE TI Thyratron-PFN, IGBT hybrid, and direct switched modulator R&D as it effects Klystron protection SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB Modulator development is an ongoing program at SLAG. The Stanford Linear Accelerator with its approximately 240 klystrons and modulators operates for 6000 plus hours a year. This operation gives SLAG an important insight into component and system reliability in the High Voltage environment. The planned NLC is approximately 10 times the size of SLAG and the High Voltage Modulator Klystron systems are one of the largest cost drivers. This paper will contain a brief progress report on the optimized Line Modulator and touch on Solid-State advances, which make Solid State, High Power pulse modulators the wave of the future. Klystron protection remains a critical issue along with modulator reliability, efficiency and cost. Configurations whereby multiple klystrons are paralleled on a single modulator may exacerbate the problem. The majority of this paper will discuss tests at SLAG of klystron arcs on Line-type modulators with single and double klystron loads. This talk may introduce and refer to other talks at this conference and other conferences by National and Foreign Laboratory collaborators and Industry, specifically in relation to DOE SBIR programs. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Gold, SL (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 5 EP 8 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896152 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800002 ER PT B AU Mar, A Loubriel, GM Zutavern, FJ O'Malley, MW Helgeson, WD Brown, DJ Hjalmarson, HP Baca, AG Thornton, RL Donaldson, RD AF Mar, A Loubriel, GM Zutavern, FJ O'Malley, MW Helgeson, WD Brown, DJ Hjalmarson, HP Baca, AG Thornton, RL Donaldson, RD GP IEEE IEEE TI Longevity improvement of optically activated, high gain GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB The longevity of high gain GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) has been extended to over 100 million pulses. This was achieved by improving the ohmic contacts through the incorporation of a doped layer that is very effective in the suppression of filament formation, alleviating current crowding. Damage-free operation is now possible at much higher current levels than before. The inherent damage-free current capacity of the bulk GaAs itself depends on the thickness of the doped layers and is at least 100A for a dopant diffusion depth of 4pm. This current could be increased by connecting and triggering parallel switches. The contact metal has a different damage mechanism and the threshold for damage (similar to 40A) is not further improved beyond a dopant diffusion depth of about 2 mum. In a diffusion-doped contact switch, the switching performance is not degraded at the onset of contact metal erosion, unlike a switch with conventional contacts. For fireset applications operating at 1kV/1kA levels and higher, doped contacts have not yet resulted in improved longevity. We employ multi-filament operation and InPb solder/Au ribbon wirebonding to demonstrate >100 shot lifetime at 1kV/1kA. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mar, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896167 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800017 ER PT B AU Koontz, RF AF Koontz, RF GP IEEE IEEE TI Modulator R&D for a Next generation Linear Collider SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB Planning for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) continues at SLAG, Fermilab, and Lawrence Livermore Lab with help from many other members of the high energy physics community. The frequency of the proposed accelerator is X-band. An X-band klystron developed at SLAG has produced 75 MW peak power capable of driving the NLC. Modulator development to drive this klystron is proceeding on two interconnected paths, one using IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) switched induction cores to drive multiple (8) klystrons, and the second path supported by SBIR grants looking at direct IGBT switching or IGBT switches in conjunction with optimized conventional pulse transformers. Conventional thyratron modulators are not yet out of the picture as the long term reliability of IGBT's in pulse service must still be proved. This paper reviews some of the modulator designs currently in development. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Koontz, RF (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Box 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 149 EP 152 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896187 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800037 ER PT B AU Cassel, RL DeLamare, JE Nguyen, MN Pappas, GC AF Cassel, RL DeLamare, JE Nguyen, MN Pappas, GC GP IEEE IEEE TI Solid state induction modulator replacement for SLAC klystrons modulators SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB The Stanford Linear Accelerator utilizes over 250, 5045 klystrons which are at presently driven by 35 year old modulator utilizing standard PFN capacitors, thyratrons and conventional pulse transformer to generate a 3.5 muS pulse of 350kV, 400A, at 120 Hz. The proposal is to use a 10 section Solid State Induction Modulator to replace the existing PFN/thyratron modulator, and drive the klystron using the existing conventional pulse transformer. The Induction Modulator utilizes a pulse transformer similar to an induction accelerator driven by Solid State high voltage IGBT switches and DC capacitors. The performance and test results of the IGBT, induction modulator driving a conventional transformer with a 5045 klystron load will be discussed. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Cassel, RL (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896189 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800039 ER PT B AU Mi, JL Sandberg, J Sanders, R Soukas, A Zhang, W AF Mi, JL Sandberg, J Sanders, R Soukas, A Zhang, W GP IEEE IEEE TI SNS extraction kicker power supply prototype test SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB The SNS (Spallation Neutron Source) accumulator ring Extraction System consists of a Fast kicker and a lambertson Septum magnet. The proposed design will use 14 kicker magnets powered by an Extraction Kicker Power Supply System. They will eject the high power beam from the SNS accumulator ring into RTBT (Ring to Target Beam Tunnel) through a Lambertson Septum magnet. This paper describes some test results of the SNS Extraction Kicker power supply prototype. The high repetition rate of 60 pulse per second operation is the challenging part of the design. In the prototype testing, a 3 kA damp current of 700 ns pulse-width, 200 nS rise time and 60 Hz repetition rate at 32 kV PFN operation voltage has been demonstrated. An Extraction kicker power supply system design diagram is depicted. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mi, JL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896192 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800042 ER PT B AU Waldron, WL Reginato, LL AF Waldron, WL Reginato, LL GP IEEE IEEE TI Design and performance of the DARHT second axis induction cells and drivers SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB The second axis of DARHT, a Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory, is currently in production with a scheduled completion date of August 2001. This linear induction accelerator, designed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, consists of 88 induction cells and drivers which provide a total acceleration of 20 MeV to a 2 kA electron beam which has a flattop pulse width of 2.02 mus. Major induction cell components include high flux swing magnetic material (Metglas 2605SC) and a Mycalex insulator. The cell drivers are pulse forming networks (PFN's) which are tuned to provide voltage regulation of +/- 0.5% during the flattop. This paper will describe the design and performance of the cells and cell drivers. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Waldron, WL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896194 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800044 ER PT B AU Krasnykh, A Akre, R Gold, S Koontz, R AF Krasnykh, A Akre, R Gold, S Koontz, R GP IEEE IEEE TI A Solid State Marx Type Modulator for driving a TWT SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB This paper describes a Solid State Marx Type Modulator design delivering an 11 kilovolt, 2-4 mu sec pulse to the cathode of an X-band driver TWT. Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT's) are used as on/off switches to operate the Marx circuit in the energy storage capacitor partial discharge mode. With the aid of a passive compensation circuit, a very flat TWT cathode driver pulse is obtained. The 2 mu sec, 11 kV pulse amplitude is flat to 0.06%. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Krasnykh, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Box 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 209 EP 211 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896205 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800055 ER PT S AU Burns, BL Eichel, PH Hensley, WH Kim, TJ AF Burns, BL Eichel, PH Hensley, WH Kim, TJ BE Matthews, MB TI IFSAR for the rapid terrain visualization demonstration SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc ID SAR AB The Rapid Terrain Visualization Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (RTV-ACTD) is designed to "demonstrate the technologies and infrastructure to meet the Army requirement for rapid generation of digital topographic data to support emerging crisis or contingencies". The primary sensor for this mission is an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) designed at Sandia National Laboratories. This paper will outline the design of the system and its performance, and show some recent flight test results. The RTV IFSAR will meet DTED level III and IV specifications by using a multiple-baseline design and high-accuracy differential and carrier-phase GPS navigation. It includes innovative near-real-time DEM production on-board the aircraft. The system is being flown on a deHavilland DHC-7 Army aircraft. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Burns, BL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 8 EP 15 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400002 ER PT S AU Eichel, PH AF Eichel, PH BE Matthews, MB TI The direction cosine method of scatterer location extended to spotlight-mode IFSAR SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc ID RADAR AB A particularly efficient and accurate method of creating digital elevation maps (DEMs) from interferometric SAR data was introduced by the stripmap SAR community. In this paper; we show how to extend this approach, the direction cosine method, to the case of high-resolution spotlight-mode SAR. The method allows the computation of the three dimensional position of scatterers in absolute coordinates directly from the raw radar measurements of range, Doppler, and interferometric phase. Having so computed position triples, the data can then be interpolated onto any map projection desired The technique is illustrated with actual high-resolution spotlight-mode imagery. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Eichel, PH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400004 ER PT S AU Roberts, RS AF Roberts, RS BE Matthews, MB TI Characterization of hyperspectral data using a genetic algorithm SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc AB Spectral mixture analysis plays an, important role in analyzing hyperspectral data. Mixture models are typically built from spectral libraries with model coefficients determined by least squares techniques. As a result of noise, instrument artifacts, and other factors, the mixture model can be inadequate. This paper reports a genetic algorithm that generates multiple mixture models using subsets of reference spectra. Additionally, models of similar fit are also generated thereby providing the analyst with alternative explanations of the data. Details of the algorithm are provided along with some initial results of applying the algorithm to AVIRIS data. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roberts, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-086, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 169 EP 173 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400030 ER PT S AU Rohwer, JA Magotra, N Stearns, SD AF Rohwer, JA Magotra, N Stearns, SD BE Matthews, MB TI Open-loop adaptive filtering for speckle reduction in synthetic aperture radar images SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc AB The Two-Dimensional Adaptive Correlation Enhancer Algorithm (2DACE) is an open-loop adaptive filtering technique that can be applied to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images for the purpose of reducing speckle. This paper includes the development of the 2DACE algorithm and the optimum filter parameters for this specific task The unique implementation of 2DACE with a data amplitude pre-compression operation was proven to effectively reduce speckle, enhance fine features, and maintain image resolution. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rohwer, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 219 EP 223 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400041 ER PT S AU Schmidt, DM George, JS Ranken, DM Wood, CC AF Schmidt, DM George, JS Ranken, DM Wood, CC BE Matthews, MB TI Spatial-temporal Bayesian inference for MEG/EEG SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc ID INVERSE PROBLEM; HUMAN BRAIN; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY AB We recently described a new approach to the MEG/EEG inverse problem based on Bayesian Inference [12]. Unlike almost all other approaches to the inverse problem, this approach does not result in a single "best" solution to the problem. Rather it yields a probability distribution of solutions upon which all subsequent inferences are based. This work demonstrated the utility of Bayesian inference both for including pertinent prior information (anatomical location and orientation, sparseness of regions of activity, limitations on current strength and spatial correlation) and for yielding robust results in spite of the under-determined inverse problem This previous work focused on the analysis of data at a single point in time. We have extended the spatial-only analysis to a spatial-temporal Bayesian inference analysis of the full spatial-temporal MEG/EEG data set. Preliminary results of this extension are presented here. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schmidt, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, MS-D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 309 EP 312 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400057 ER PT S AU Mosher, JC Baillet, S Jerbi, K Leahy, RM AF Mosher, JC Baillet, S Jerbi, K Leahy, RM BE Matthews, MB TI MEG multipolar modeling of distributed sources using RAP-MUSIC SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc ID SOURCE LOCALIZATION AB We describe the use of truncated multipolar expansions for producing dynamic images of cortical neural activation from measurements of the magnetoencephalogram. We use a signal-subspace method to find the locations of a set of multipolar sources, each of which represents a region of activity in the cerebral cortex Our method builds up an estimate of the sources in a recursive manner, i.e, we first search for point current dipoles, then magnetic dipoles, and finally first order multipoles. The dynamic behavior of these sources is then computed using a linear fit to the spatiotemporal data. The final step in the procedure is to map each of the multipolar sources into an equivalent distributed source on the cortical surface. The method is illustrated through an application to epileptic interictal MEG data. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Mosher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 318 EP 322 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400059 ER PT S AU Ruby, DS Zaidi, SH Narayanan, S AF Ruby, DS Zaidi, SH Narayanan, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Plasma-texturization for multicrystalline silicon solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB Multicrystalline Si (mc-Si) cells have not benefited from the cost-effective wet-chemical texturing processes that reduce front surface reflectance on single-crystal wafers. We developed a maskless plasma texturing technique for mc-Si cells using Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) that results in much higher cell performance than that of standard untextured cells. Elimination of plasma damage has been achieved while reducing front reflectance to extremely low levels. Internal quantum efficiencies higher than those on planar and wet-textured cells have been obtained, boosting cell currents and efficiencies by up to 11% on monocrystalline Si and 2.5% on multicrystalline Si cells. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ruby, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915756 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900016 ER PT S AU Sopori, B Zhang, Y Chen, W Madjdpour, J AF Sopori, B Zhang, Y Chen, W Madjdpour, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Silicon solar cell process monitoring by PV-Reflectometer SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB A new instrument, PV-Reflectometer, is developed for process control and monitoring in PV industry. This system can rapidly measure a host of parameters averaged over the entire wafer/cell. Here we describe the main features of the instrument and its applications for monitoring various Si solar cell fabrication processes, including sawing, texturing, AR coating, and front and back metallization. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 120 EP 123 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915769 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900027 ER PT S AU Wang, TH Ciszek, TF Page, M Yan, Y Bauer, R Wang, Q Casey, J Reedy, R Matson, R Ahrenkiel, R Al-Jassim, MM AF Wang, TH Ciszek, TF Page, M Yan, Y Bauer, R Wang, Q Casey, J Reedy, R Matson, R Ahrenkiel, R Al-Jassim, MM GP IEEE IEEE TI Material properties of polysilicon layers deposited by atmospheric pressure iodine vapor transport SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB Fast (3 mum/min) and direct deposition of large-grain (similar to 20 mum) polycrystalline silicon layers on foreign substrates at intermediate temperatures (similar to 900 degreesC) is achieved by an atmospheric pressure iodine vapor transport technique. A hole Hall mobility of 51 cm(2)/V .s at a doping density of 5.5x10(17) cm(-3) was measured in an as-deposited material. After hydrogen passivation, it increased to 76 cm(2)/V .s. Crystallographic defects mostly consist of less detrimental stacking faults and twins, with a few dislocations. Diagnostic PV devices using an N+-a-Si/i-a-Si/APIVT-Si(absorber)/P+-CZ-Si structure demonstrated an open-circuit voltage of 0.48 V and 0.58 V at one and 13 suns, respectively. Highly [110]-oriented silicon layers were attained. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, TH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 138 EP 141 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915773 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900031 ER PT S AU Ahrenkiel, RK Johnston, SW Gedvilas, LM Webb, JD Bisaillon, JC AF Ahrenkiel, RK Johnston, SW Gedvilas, LM Webb, JD Bisaillon, JC GP IEEE IEEE TI Role of oxygen precipitates on the performance of crystalline silicon-based photovoltaic devices SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID CZOCHRALSKI SILICON; RECOMBINATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; LIFETIME AB Oxide precipitates (OPs) in Czochralski- grown silicon were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultra-high frequency photoconductive decay (UHFPCD). These data were compared with the photovoltaic properties of test diodes made on the same wafers. The results will indicate a strong correlation between oxide precipitate concentration and the reduction of minority-carrier lifetime and diffusion length. The photovoltaic properties of the test diodes also degraded with the OP concentration. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, RK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 252 EP 255 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915805 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900059 ER PT S AU Wang, TH Ciszek, TF Zhang, Y AF Wang, TH Ciszek, TF Zhang, Y GP IEEE IEEE TI Calibration factors for lifetime measurements on Si ingots with a localized PCD method SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB The relationship between measured effective lifetime and bulk lifetime Tb of minority carriers in silicon ingots by a localized photoconductance decay method has been determined with a full 3-dimensional and transient finite-element analysis. For an excitation light with a spot size of 3 mm x 1 mm and an absorption coefficient of 100 cm(-1), the ratio of tau (e) to tau (b) ranges from 0.95 at tau (b)=1 mus and a surface recombination velocity S=10(2) cm/s to 0.573 at tau (b)=100 mus and S=10(8) cm/s. This effect originates from both surface recombination and carrier diffusion from a localized light excitation. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, TH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915846 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900092 ER PT S AU Ullal, HS Zweibel, K von Roedern, BG AF Ullal, HS Zweibel, K von Roedern, BG GP IEEE IEEE TI Polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic technologies: From the laboratory to commercialization SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB Substantial technical progress has occurred in the area of polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic technologies based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CuInGaSe2, [CIGS]) in the past few years. We report here the many technical advances made in the area of materials research, device development, manufacturing technology, module and system deployment and testing, and early commercialization activities worldwide related to CdTe and CIGS products for specialty and power applications. Also, the various technical issues related to CdTe and CIS are elucidated. NREL scientists have achieved record total-area efficiency of 15.8% fora novel thin-film CdTe solar cell, and world-record total-area efficiency of 18.8% has been achieved fora thin-film CIGS solar cell. Details of cell processing are given below. World-record power output of 915 W and aperture-area efficiency of 10.6% have been achieved by BP Solar, Fairfield, California fora thin-filth CdTe power module. Also, a wood-record aperture-area conversion efficiency of 12.1% for a thin-film CIGSS power module fabricated by Siemens Solar Industries, Camarillo, California. Both efficiencies and power outputs have been independently confirmed by NREL. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ullal, HS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 418 EP 423 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915857 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900101 ER PT S AU Wu, X Ribelin, R Dhere, RG Albin, DS Gessert, TA Asher, S Levi, DH Mason, A Moutinho, HR Sheldon, P AF Wu, X Ribelin, R Dhere, RG Albin, DS Gessert, TA Asher, S Levi, DH Mason, A Moutinho, HR Sheldon, P GP IEEE IEEE TI High-efficiency Cd2SnO4/Zn2SnO4/ZnxCd1-xS/CdS/CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID CDS/CDTE AB CdTe-based thin-film solar cells have been limited to the conventional SnO2/CdS/CdTe device structure. In this paper, we report a modified device structure consisting of Cd2SnO4/Zn2SnO4/ZnxCd1-xS/CdS/CdTe layers, that yields improved performance and reproducibility. Cadmium stannate (Cd2SnO4, or CTO) transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films have several significant advantages over conventional SnO2 films. CTO-based CdTe cells have approximately 1 mA/cm(2) higher J(sc) than SnO2-based CdTe cells. Integrating zinc stannate (Zn2SnO4, or ZTO) into the device as a buffer layer helps maintain high Voc and fill factor when reducing CdS thickness to improve J(sc). XPS and SIMS results show substantial interdiffusion between the CdS and ZTO layers. This feature can be used to optimize device performance and reproducibility. We have fabricated a Cd2SnO4/Zn2SnO4/ZnXCd1-xS/CdS/CdTe cell with an NREL-confirmed total-area efficiency of 15.8%. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wu, X (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915873 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900113 ER PT S AU Asher, SE Hasoon, FS Gessert, TA Young, MR Sheldon, P Hiltner, J Sites, J AF Asher, SE Hasoon, FS Gessert, TA Young, MR Sheldon, P Hiltner, J Sites, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Determination of Cu in CdTe/CdS devices before and after accelerated stress testing SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; STABILITY AB The distribution of Cu before and after accelerated stress testing of high-efficiency CdTe/CdS solar cells has been studied using high mass resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Standard high-efficiency CdTe/CdS devices were used in this work. Back contacts were graphite paste with varying amounts of Cu added in the form of HgTe:Cu powder. The contacts were applied to the devices after back-surface treatment (NP etch). In one device, no intentional Cu was added to the graphite paste. The devices were stressed at open-circuit voltage in light and at 100 degreesC for similar to 1000 hours. SIMS depth profiles were performed on devices after stressing and also on companion devices that were not stressed. The stressed devices show an accumulation of Cu in the CdS layer. Copper levels in the CdS are correlated with the amount of Cu in the graphite paste contact, with higher Cu in the contact resulting in more Cu in the CdS. The Cu level in the CdTe layer is shown to be relatively constant for all devices. The Cu levels in these devices are quantified to provide absolute concentrations. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Asher, SE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915876 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900115 ER PT S AU Wei, SH Zhang, SB AF Wei, SH Zhang, SB GP IEEE IEEE TI Electronic structures and defect physics of Cd-based semiconductors SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; ALLOYS AB Using a first-principles band structure method we have systematically studied the electronic properties of Cd-based compounds, alloys and interfaces. We compared the stabilities and band structures of CdX (X=S, Se, Te) in zinc-blende and wurtzite structures. We calculated the mixing enthalpies and optical bowing coefficients of mixed-anion Cd alloys and the band offsets between the Cd compounds. We also calculated the defect formation energies and the defect transition energy levels of point defects and defect complexes in CdTe to search for the best p-type dopant for CdTe. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wei, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 483 EP 486 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915877 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900116 ER PT S AU Hasoon, FS Yan, Y Jones, KM Althani, H Alleman, J Al-Jassim, MM Noufi, R AF Hasoon, FS Yan, Y Jones, KM Althani, H Alleman, J Al-Jassim, MM Noufi, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Microstructural properties of the surface of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID POLYCRYSTALLINE AB We examine the micro-structural properties, e.g. defects due to misorientation, and dislocations, for CIGS films prepared by our "3-stage process." We found using TEM & EDS that the composition and certain structural properties of the surface region are different from the bulk. Specifically, we observe high density of dislocations in a plane parallel to the surface, a distance of 150 to 250 nm. The extent of the dislocation network seems to correlate with the performance of devices based on these films. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hasoon, FS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 513 EP 516 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915884 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900123 ER PT S AU Levi, D Wu, XZ Swartzlander-Guest, A Hasoon, F Matson, R AF Levi, D Wu, XZ Swartzlander-Guest, A Hasoon, F Matson, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Characterization of layer thickness and interdiffusion in CdTe/CdS/ZTO/CTO solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB Accurate control of layer thickness and Interdiffusion is key to process optimization in the fabrication of CdTe/CdS solar cells. This type of control requires a rapid, non-invasive characterization technique capable of accurately measuring the layer thicknesses and diffusion profiles in these multilayer structures. Variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) is a technique that has the potential to perform this task. In this work, we have made coordinated measurements of layer thickness and composition in a specially designed set of samples using VASE, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These measurements have demonstrated the challenges presented by CdTe/CdS/ZTO/CTO solar cells for each of the measurement techniques. Further work remains to be done to establish VASE as an accurate characterization technique for measurement of layer thickness and interdiffusion in these structures. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levi, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM xuanzhi_wu@nrel.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5772-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915888 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900126 ER PT S AU McMahon, TJ Fahrenbruch, AL AF McMahon, TJ Fahrenbruch, AL GP IEEE IEEE TI Insights into the nonideal behavior of CdS/CdTe solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB One-dimensional device modeling (AMPS-1D)[1] is used to understand and explain the departures from ideal behavior seen in CdS/CdTe solar cells, such as rollover and crossover of the dark and light J-V curves and shifts in V.. Large variations of these departures occur from cell to cell and for the same cell after environmental stress. J-V curve rollover in the dark (and to some extent in the light in forward bias beyond V-OC) is explained by the inclusion of a blocking contact at the back, which limits majority-carrier injection. Crossover of light and dark J-V curves occurs because light can supply additional electron current through the cell in the rollover region, becoming the principal component of the total current at the back of the cell. Decreases in V-OC occur for light doping, and/or compensation of dopant acceptors by donor recombination centers, and/or thinner cells. We show that the back-contact energy barrier to holes influences cell characteristics far more than the same contact energy barrier to electrons at the front. Finally, rollover of a different type that occurs in the power quadrant is explained by the inclusion of a thin n-layer under the back-contact metal. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McMahon, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915892 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900129 ER PT S AU Albin, D Levi, D Asher, S Balcioglu, A Dhere, R Hiltner, J AF Albin, D Levi, D Asher, S Balcioglu, A Dhere, R Hiltner, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Precontact surface chemistry effects on CdS/CdTe solar cell performance and stability SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID CDTE AB Carbon-based dag pastes containing mixtures of various Cu-, Sb-, Hg-, and Bi-telluride compounds offer convenient backcontact materials for CdS/CdTe superstrate solar cells. Open-circuit stress tests at 100 degreesC and 1.5 to 2.0 suns illumination show that the performance of devices utilizing Cu-based pastes improves during the first 1-10 hours of stress. Of these, the best stability is exhibited by pastes containing no HgTe. Carbon-based dag pastes can be viewed as sacrificial dopant sources on properly treated CdTe surfaces. CdTe surfaces consisting of thick Te layers, resulting from nitric-phosphoric (NP) acid etches, show better incorporation of active Cu-based dopants than thinner Te layers. Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) confirms the presence of acceptorlike defects at similar to E-v+0.3 eV believed to be associated with Cute substitutional defects in NP-treated devices. The presence of Te and its ability to getter Cu is paralleled by significant improvements in CdTe device stability. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Albin, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3211, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 583 EP 586 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915907 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900140 ER PT S AU Moutinho, HR Dhere, RG Al-Jassim, MM Ballif, C Levi, DH Swartzlander, AB Young, MR Kazmerski, LL AF Moutinho, HR Dhere, RG Al-Jassim, MM Ballif, C Levi, DH Swartzlander, AB Young, MR Kazmerski, LL GP IEEE IEEE TI Study of CdTe/CdS solar cells using CSSCdTe deposited at low temperature SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID THIN-FILMS; RECRYSTALLIZATION; EFFICIENCY AB We have prepared thin-film CdTe/CdS solar cells using CdTe deposited by close-spaced sublimation (CSS), at a temperature much lower (similar to 450 degreesC) than the one used in the conventional process (620 degreesC). The CdTe films were treated with the usual CdCl2 dipping process or with a new process using vapor CdCl2. The vapor process was much more effective in the recrystallization process, and for the first time we observed extensive diffusion of S into CSS CdTe films. We found a direct correlation between the photoluminescence lifetime of the minority carriers and the efficiency-related parameters of the cells. The best cell produced in this work used low-temperature CdTe films treated by vapor and had an efficiency of 11.9 %, higher than in cells prepared using high-temperature CdTe films, which shows the potential of this new process to fabricate high-efficiency solar cells. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moutinho, HR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Ballif, Christophe/G-4621-2012 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 646 EP 649 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915927 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900156 ER PT S AU Gessert, TA Duda, A Asher, SE Narayanswamy, C Rose, D AF Gessert, TA Duda, A Asher, SE Narayanswamy, C Rose, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Effects of Cu from ZnTe : Cu contacts in CdS/CdTe cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS AB CdS/CdTe devices processed with ZnTe:Cu/Ti back contacts are studied as a function of contact deposition temperature between similar to 200 degreesC and similar to 400 degreesC. Both the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and fill factor (FF) increase with temperature. High-resolution secondary ion mass spectroscopy shows Cu concentration in the CdTe region increases due to CdCl2 treatment, whereas Cu concentration in the CdS region increases with deposition temperature. Measurements of specific contact resistance suggest that Cu diffusing from the contact interface significantly increases the specific contact resistance at the ZnTe:Cu/Ti interface, resulting in an interface with dominant resistance loss. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gessert, TA (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 654 EP 657 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915929 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900158 ER PT S AU Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E Xu, YQ Nelson, BP Mahan, AH Crandall, RS Branz, HM AF Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E Xu, YQ Nelson, BP Mahan, AH Crandall, RS Branz, HM GP IEEE IEEE TI Efficient high-deposition-rate all-hot-wire hydrogenated amorphous silicon n-i-p solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; TRANSITION; CVD AB Efficient all-hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) n-i-p solar cells have been demonstrated. Using HWCVD, we made the intrinsic layer deposited at 17-20 Angstrom /s and the doped layers at 5-10 Angstrom /s. An initial efficiency of 7.1% and a stable efficiency of 5.4% after 1000 hours of 1-sun light-soaking have been achieved on untextured stainless-steel (SS) substrate. This efficiency improvement results primarily from incorporating into the pr interface about 60 Angstrom of on-the-edge a-Si:H material grown just below the condition that would lead to the transition to microcrystallinity. We also optimize p-layers in solar cells by varying p-layer thickness, substrate temperature, trimethylboron gas flow rate, and chamber pressure. The cell's fill factor increases from 0.60 to 0.68, and the open-circuit voltage increases from 0.86 to 0.88 V. Recently, we improved the light-trapping by depositing the solar cell on textured Ag/ZnO-coated SS supplied by Uni-Solar, and we obtained an all-HWCVD record initial efficiency of 8.7%. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 717 EP 720 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900174 ER PT S AU Friedman, DJ Olson, JM Ward, S Moriarty, T Emery, K Kurtz, S Duda, A King, RR Cotal, HL Lillington, DR Ermer, JH Karam, NH AF Friedman, DJ Olson, JM Ward, S Moriarty, T Emery, K Kurtz, S Duda, A King, RR Cotal, HL Lillington, DR Ermer, JH Karam, NH GP IEEE IEEE TI Ge concentrator cells for III-V multijunction devices SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB We identify a failure mode due to a photoactive back contact for Ge concentrator solar cells. This problem manifests itself as a leveling off and subsequent decrease of open-circuit voltage (Voc) as the concentration increases above similar to 20 suns. Correction of this problem yields a much improved Ge cell for which Voc increases in an almost ideal n=1 manner from 0.2 volts at one sun to 0.4 volts at 1400 suns. This cell's fill factor remains at or above its one-sun value up to 500 suns, confirming that this cell is fully suitable for high-concentration use. We show that solving the back-contact problem can significantly improve the high-concentration performance of GaInP/GaAs/Ge three-junction solar cells. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Friedman, DJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 965 EP 967 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916046 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900235 ER PT S AU Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Kurtz, S AF Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Kurtz, S GP IEEE IEEE TI BGaInAs solar cells lattice-matched to GaAs SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID INGAASN; DEFECTS AB We have recently demonstrated the epitaxial growth of BxGa1-x-yInyAs on GaAs substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. This new material has a bandgap less than that of GaAs, and can be grown lattice-matched to GaAs. Such a material, used as the second or third junction in a strain-free multijunction III-V solar cell, has the potential to increase the total cell efficiency. We report here on the performance of single-junction solar cells with 1.36-eV carbon- and silicon-doped B0.03Ga0.91In0.06As bases and compare them with similar GaAs and Ga0.94In0.06As cells. The BGaInAs cells have exhibited less-than-ideal open-circuit voltages (Voc) and fill factors (FF) of 0.57-0.66 V and 69%-73%, respectively. Poor red response of the quantum efficiencies and low short-circuit currents (J(SC)) of 10-14 mA/cm(2) under AM1.5D conditions indicate that the minority-carrier diffusion lengths are short (< 0.1 mum). The n-on-p devices perform slightly better than the p-on-n devices. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Geisz, JF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 990 EP 993 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916052 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900241 ER PT S AU Aiken, DJ AF Aiken, DJ GP IEEE IEEE TI InGaP/GaAs/Ge multi-junction solar cell efficiency improvements using epitaxial germanium SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID BAND-GAP; GAAS; GE AB Triple junction InGaP/GaAs/Ge solar cells are highly current mismatched due to the excess current generating capability of the germanium subcell. This severe current mismatch invites new approaches for increasing performance beyond that of current triple junctions. Presented here are two approaches for improving the efficiency of III-V multi-junctions beyond that of current triple junction technology. Both of these approaches involve the use of thin epitaxial germanium and do not require the development of new similar to 1eV photovoltaic materials. The theoretical AM0 efficiency is over 30%. Modeling suggests the potential for over 1.5% absolute efficiency gain with respect to current InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple junction solar cells. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Aiken, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,1515 Eubank Blvd SE,Mailstop 0753, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 994 EP 997 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916053 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900242 ER PT S AU Emery, K Meusel, M Beckert, R Dimroth, F Bett, A Warta, W AF Emery, K Meusel, M Beckert, R Dimroth, F Bett, A Warta, W GP IEEE IEEE TI Procedures for evaluating multijunction concentrators SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB Procedures at NREL and Fraunhofer ISE for evaluating multijunction cells are detailed with a triple-junction GaInP/GaAs/Ge concentrator cell designed and grown at Spectrolab and processed at NREL [1], and a tandem Fraunhofer ISE Ga0.35In0.65P/Ga0.83In0.17As [2] cell as examples. The one-sun efficiency and Ix for the triple-junction device measured at Fraunhofer ISE and NREL agreed within 0.2%, well below the +/-6% uncertainty estimated by NREL. The procedures for determining the one-sun characteristics involve determining the quantum efficiency and using it for spectral correction during the I-V-characterization. The characteristics under concentration are evaluated with a flash simulator. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Emery, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1126 EP 1130 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916085 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900273 ER PT S AU Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Deb, SK Xin, HP Tu, CW AF Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Deb, SK Xin, HP Tu, CW GP IEEE IEEE TI Heavily nitrogen-doped III-V semiconductors for high-efficiency solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; BAND-GAP; GAAS-N; ELECTROREFLECTANCE; ALLOYS AB We demonstrate that the formation of an impurity band of the nitrogen-induced pair-bound states in GaAs1-xNx is responsible for the observed large band gap reduction, deltaE(g). deltaE(g) is found to scale as x(2/3) (i.e., inversely proportional to the average separation of nitrogen pair centers). This is the same mechanism for the band gap reduction occurring in a heavily n-type or p-type doped semiconductor, where deltaE(g). has been known to scale as x(1/3) (Le, inversely proportional to the average separation of the isolated impurity center). The nature of the impurity band leads to the intrinsically low carrier mobility in this material. Quantum confinement for the electron belonging to the impurity band has been demonstrated in GaAsN/GaAs quantum wells. The electron effective mass is found to decrease on increasing x, as expected for an impurity band. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1189 EP 1192 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916101 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900289 ER PT S AU King, DL Hansen, BR Moore, JM Aiken, DJ AF King, DL Hansen, BR Moore, JM Aiken, DJ GP IEEE IEEE TI New methods for measuring performance of monolithic multi-junction solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB The commercialization of multi-junction solar cells for both space and terrestrial applications has increased the need to accurately determine cell performance using typical solar simulators and test equipment. This paper describes specific test methods recently applied in characterizing the performance of both tandem and triple-junction solar cells. Methods applied included: current-voltage measurements in forward and reverse bias using a xenon-arc solar simulator, absolute spectral response measurements of separate junctions using both light and voltage bias, a device simulation model, and a spectral mismatch calculation procedure tailored to multi-junction cells. Procedures are illustrated using measurements for GaInP/GaAs tandem cells, GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction cells, and Ge cells supplied by different manufacturers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP King, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mailstop 0753,1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM dlking@sandia.gov; djaiken@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5772-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1197 EP 1201 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916103 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900291 ER PT S AU Kurtz, S Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Olson, JM Duda, A Karam, NH King, RR Ermer, JH Joslin, DE AF Kurtz, S Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Olson, JM Duda, A Karam, NH King, RR Ermer, JH Joslin, DE GP IEEE IEEE TI Modeling of electron diffusion length in GaInAsN solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID GAAS AB This paper seeks to quantify the electron diffusion length in p-type GaInAsN and to understand the performance of GaInAsN cells. The usual modeling is complicated because the electron diffusion length is quite short (often < 0.1 mum) and is usually less than the hole diffusion length. The properties (e.g. absorption and transport) of GaInAsN are both variable and poorly studied, and, because the band gap of GaInAsN is less than the band gap of the substrate, light that is transmitted through the GaInAsN layer may be reflected from the back metallization and make a second pass through the GaInAsN. Layers that are expected to be p-type can sometimes change to n-type, changing the location of the junction and complicating the modeling, but improving the performance of the cell. Internal quantum efficiencies as high as 80% near the GaAs band edge are reported. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kurtz, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3212, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1210 EP 1213 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916106 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900294 ER PT S AU Bower, W Wiles, J AF Bower, W Wiles, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Investigation of ground-fault protection devices for photovoltaic power systems applications SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB Photovoltaic (PV) power systems, like other electrical systems, may be subject to unexpected ground faults. Installed PV systems always have invisible elements other than those indicated by their electrical schematics. Stray inductance, capacitance and resistance are distributed throughout the system. Leakage currents associated with the PV modules, the interconnected array, wires, surge protection devices and conduit add up and can become large enough to look like a ground-fault. PV systems are frequently connected to other sources of power or energy storage such as batteries, standby generators, and the utility grid. This complex arrangement of distributed power and energy sources, distributed impedance and proximity to other sources of power requires sensing of ground faults and proper reaction by the ground-fault protection devices. The different do grounding requirements (country to country) often add more confusion to the situation. This paper discusses the ground-fault issues associated with both the do and ac side of PV systems and presents test results and operational impacts of backfeeding commercially available ac ground-fault protection devices under various modes of operation. Further, the measured effects of backfeeding the tripped ground-fault devices for periods of time comparable to anti-islanding allowances for utility interconnection of PV inverters in the United States are reported. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Photovolta Syst Applicat, Albuquerque, NM 87187 USA. RP Bower, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Photovolta Syst Applicat, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87187 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1378 EP 1383 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916149 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900337 ER PT S AU Hund, TD Stevens, JW AF Hund, TD Stevens, JW GP IEEE IEEE TI PV hybrid VRLA battery test results from a telecommunications site SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB A new valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) gel motive power battery and PV system power center have been tested in the laboratory and at a PV hybrid telecommunication site. The power center provides battery charge control, system remote communications, and data acquisition at the field test site. Extensive laboratory and field-test data were used to improve battery performance by optimizing regulation voltages, finish-charge, and system design. After 1.5-years of service, battery and charge controller performance have met all performance requirements for the remote communications site at Sandia National Laboratories. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hund, TD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1387 EP 1390 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916151 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900339 ER PT S AU Thacher, PD Boyson, WE King, DL AF Thacher, PD Boyson, WE King, DL GP IEEE IEEE TI Investigation of factors influencing the accuracy of pyrheliometer calibrations SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB The accuracy of solar cells calibrated as primary reference cells is directly dependent on the accuracy of the pyrheliometer used to measure the direct beam solar irradiance on the cell. Pyrheliometers are also used in measuring performance of concentrating photovoltaic modules. In order to reduce errors in photovoltaic performance measurements, we have investigated the calibration uncertainties for pyrheliometers from two manufacturers. Our calibration comparisons are relative to an absolute cavity radiometer traceable to the World Radiometric Reference. This paper quantifies the effects of aging, temperature, time-rate-of-change of temperature, wind, solar spectral shifts, linearity, window transmission, and solar tracking on pyrheliometer calibrations. Uncertainty remaining after accounting for these factors is 0.8% at the 2-sigma level. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thacher, PD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1395 EP 1398 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916153 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900341 ER PT S AU Kroposki, B Marion, W King, DL Boyson, WE Kratochvil, JA AF Kroposki, B Marion, W King, DL Boyson, WE Kratochvil, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Comparison of module performance characterization methods SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB The rating and modeling of photovoltaic (PV) module performance has been of concern to manufacturers and system designers for over 20 years. Both the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) have developed methodologies to predict module and array performance under actual operating conditions. This paper compares the two methods of determining the performance of PV modules. The methods translate module performance to actual or reference conditions using slightly different approaches. The accuracy of both methods is compared for both hourly, daily, and annual energy production over a year of data recorded at NREL in Golden, CO. The comparison of the two methods will be presented for five different PV module technologies. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1407 EP 1411 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916156 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900344 ER PT S AU Quintana, MA King, DL Hosking, FM Kratochvil, JA Johnson, RW Hansen, BR Dhere, NG Pandit, MB AF Quintana, MA King, DL Hosking, FM Kratochvil, JA Johnson, RW Hansen, BR Dhere, NG Pandit, MB GP IEEE IEEE TI Diagnostic analysis of silicon photovoltaic modules after 20-year field exposure SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB The objective of this study was to investigate the technology used by Spectrolab Inc. to manufacture photovoltaic modules that have provided twenty years of reliable service at Natural Bridges National Monument in southeastern Utah. A field survey, system performance tests, and a series of module and materials tests have confirmed the durability of the modules in the array. The combination of manufacturing processes, materials, and quality controls used by Spectrolab resulted in modules that have maintained a performance level close to the original specifications for twenty years. Specific contributors to the durability of the modules included polyinyl-butyral (PVB) encapsulant, expanded metal interconnects, silicon oxide anti-reflective coating, and excellent solder/substrate solderability. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Quintana, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mailstop 0753,1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1420 EP 1423 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916159 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900347 ER PT S AU del Cueto, JA AF del Cueto, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Model for the thermal characteristics of flat-plate photovoltaic modules deployed at fixed tilt SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB The thermal characteristics of 11 flat-plate photovoltaic (PV) modules are investigated and modeled against meteorological elements: irradiance, angle of incidence, wind speed, plus air and sky temperatures. Above 500 W/m(2) irradiance, the ratio of the average difference between module and air temperatures divided by the incident irradiance is constant, and apparently preordained by module construction-ranging 27 degrees -40 degreesC/(kW/m(2)) in value-suggesting that these thermal characteristics are driven by the incident solar power. When low-irradiance conditions arise under clear-sky conditions, this ratio becomes small and can exhibit negative values. In this regime, the module's greater reflectance-resulting from larger angles of incidence to the sun-coupled with radiant heat emission dominate the thermal behavior. A new model for the thermal characteristics is presented that accounts for low- and high-irradiance regimes and resolves wind-speed dependence. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP del Cueto, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1441 EP 1445 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916164 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900352 ER PT S AU King, DL Kratochvil, JA Boyson, WE AF King, DL Kratochvil, JA Boyson, WE GP IEEE IEEE TI Stabilization and performance characteristics of commercial amorphous-silicon PV modules SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID TEMPERATURE AB The successful commercialization of any new photovoltaic technology is difficult. Understanding the product's performance and aging characteristics is a prerequisite for the manufacturer. Amorphous-silicon thin-film modules are now in commercial production, and their market penetration is being limited to some degree by a lack of understanding of environmental influences that impact system design and operation. This paper summarizes our detailed performance characterization of multiple modules from four different manufacturers over several years of continuous outdoor exposure in Albuquerque, NM. Common stabilization characteristics have been observed for both tandem and triple-junction modules of recent vintage, and the influences of solar spectrum and seasonal (thermal) annealing have been clearly identified. Implications for system performance modeling are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP King, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mailstop 0753,1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1446 EP 1449 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916165 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900353 ER PT S AU Symko-Davies, M Mitchell, RL Witt, CE Thomas, HP King, R Ruby, D AF Symko-Davies, M Mitchell, RL Witt, CE Thomas, HP King, R Ruby, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Decade of PV industry R&D advances in silicon module manufacturing SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB The U.S. Photovoltaic (PV) industry has made significant technical advances in crystalline silicon (Si) module manufacturing through the PV Manufacturing R&D Project during the past decade. Funded Si technologies in this project have been czochralski, cast polycrystalline, edge-defined film fed growth (EFG) ribbon, string ribbon, and Si-film. Specific R&D Si module-manufacturing categories that have shown technical growth and will be discussed are in crystal growth and processing, wafering, cell fabrication, and module manufacturing. These R&D advancements since 1992 have contributed to a 30% decrease in PV manufacturing costs and stimulated a sevenfold increase in PV production capacity. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Symko-Davies, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM martha_symko_Davies@nrel.gov; richard_Mitchell@nrel.gov; richard.king@ee.doe.gov; dsruby@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5772-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1460 EP 1463 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916168 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900356 ER PT S AU King, DL Kratochvil, JA Quintana, MA McMahon, TJ AF King, DL Kratochvil, JA Quintana, MA McMahon, TJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Applications for infrared imaging equipment in photovoltaic cell, module, and system testing SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB Anomalous temperature distributions are often an indication of atypical behavior in a device under investigation. Portable infrared (IR) imaging systems (cameras) now provide a convenient method for measuring both absolute and relative temperature distributions on small and large components with a high degree of temperature and spatial resolution. This diagnostic tool can be applied during the development, production, monitoring, and repair of photovoltaic cells, modules, and systems. Planar objects with nearly uniform material composition are ideally suited for analysis using IR imaging. This paper illustrates investigations of localized shunting in cells, resistive solder bonds in field-aged modules, module bypass diode functionality, reverse-bias (hot spot) heating in modules, temperature distributions in flat-plate and concentrator modules, batteries during charging, and electronic component temperature in power processing equipment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP King, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mailstop 0753,1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1487 EP 1490 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916175 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900363 ER PT S AU Pern, FJ Glick, SH AF Pern, FJ Glick, SH GP IEEE IEEE TI Photothermal stability of encapsulated silicon solar cells and encapsulation materials upon accelerated exposures - II SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB We studied the electrical and optical performance stability of crystalline silicon solar cells that were encapsulated with different types of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) between a borosilicate glass superstrate and a glass or white TPT (Tedlar/polyester/Tedlar) substrate. Total internal light reflection from the white TPT layer enhanced the measured cell photocurrent by similar to 20.4% to 23.9% and the efficiency by similar to 17.4% to 20.8%, with a cell-to-sample area ratio of 23.3%. In comparison, the enhancements on the cell photocurrent were from similar to5.0% to 7.0% when the cells were laminated between two borosilicate plates. The samples were exposed under to similar to6.5 UV suns at 65 degreesC or heated in an oven at 105 degreesC and periodically characterized for electrical and optical losses. The results show that, when the samples were measured without black-masking over the non-cell areas, the cell efficiency decreased by similar to0.3% to 8.9% and the fill factor changed by similar to0% to 6.6% after 1133h exposures. When the non-cell areas were masked, the measured cell efficiency losses became 4.1% to 9.0% and the fill factor losses from 0.5% to 5.2%, respectively. The electrical changes are irregular for the sample cells tested and are not proportional to the optical losses of EVA/TPT bi-layer. As an example, a cell's efficiency decreased by 8.9%, whereas its NREL-V11 EVA remained clear; and another cell lost 7.1% efficiency, whereas its slow-cure A9918 EVA browned with a 12.2% loss in integrated transmittance and an increase of 31.85 in yellowness index. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pern, FJ (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1491 EP 1494 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916176 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900364 ER PT S AU Witt, CE Mitchell, RL Symko-Davies, M Thomas, HP King, R Ruby, DS AF Witt, CE Mitchell, RL Symko-Davies, M Thomas, HP King, R Ruby, DS GP IEEE IEEE TI Ten years of manufacturing R&D in PVMaT - Technical accomplishments, return on investment, and where we go next SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB The Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology Project has been conducting cost-shared R&D with industry for ten years. Objectives of this project are to improve photovoltaic manufacturing processes and products and to lower manufacturing costs. The majority of the efforts have been module related. Results in terms of automation, yield, and throughput have provided a significant reduction in direct manufacturing costs. Some of these results are detailed, and a measure of the return due to these efforts is discussed. Finally, technical directions for future activities are identified. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Witt, CE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1502 EP 1504 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916179 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900367 ER PT S AU McNutt, P Kroposki, B Hansen, R DeBlasio, R Lynn, K Wilson, W Rosenthal, A Boulanger, P Malbranche, P AF McNutt, P Kroposki, B Hansen, R DeBlasio, R Lynn, K Wilson, W Rosenthal, A Boulanger, P Malbranche, P GP IEEE IEEE TI Procedures for determining the performance of stand-alone photovoltaic systems SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB Standard test procedures have been developed to assess the performance of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper presents an overview of the procedures and results from the validation tests conducted at one European and three U.S. test sites. To date, most PV system performance test procedures have looked at the performance of the individual components and have not addressed how the integrated system works as a whole. The performance test procedures described in this paper verify that the system and load operate as expected, ensure that the PV array and system are capable of recharging the battery, determine the usable battery capacity (UBC), and determine if there is any significant change in the UBC measured three different times during the tests. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McNutt, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1556 EP 1559 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916193 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900381 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, S Bonn, R Ginn, J AF Gonzalez, S Bonn, R Ginn, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Removing barriers to utility interconnected photovoltaic inverters SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB The Million Solar Roofs Initiative has motivated a renewed interest in the development of utility interconnected photovoltaic (UIPV) inverters. Government-sponsored programs (PVMaT, PV:BONUS) and competition among utility interconnected inverter manufacturers have stimulated innovations and improved the performance of existing technologies. With this resurgence, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed a program to assist industry initiatives to overcome barriers to UIPV inverters. In accordance with newly adopted IEEE Std 929-2000, the utility interconnected PV inverters are required to cease energizing the utility grid when either a significant disturbance occurs or the utility experiences an interruption in service [1]. Compliance with IEEE Std 929-2000 is being widely adopted by utilities as a minimum requirement for utility interconnection. This report summarizes work done at the SNL balance-of-systems laboratory to support the development of IEEE Std 929-2000 and to assist manufacturers in meeting its requirements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gonzalez, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1691 EP 1694 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916228 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900416 ER PT S AU Rannels, JE AF Rannels, JE GP IEEE IEEE TI Outlook for the USPV research program and implications for terrestrial systems and applications SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB The U.S. PV program has proposed a strong research agenda for Fiscal Year (FY) 2001. The program has established milestones to achieve a 14% efficient stable prototype thin-film module, and achieve further advances in laboratory cell efficiencies that will have implications for the PV products deployed in terrestrial systems and applications. Key efforts include basic research to investigate innovative, non-conventional PV materials, devices and processes; high-performance PV research into thin-films and III-V materials; new PVMaT work on in-situ monitoring and process diagnostics; and continued research into PV building integration. Congress' response to the FY2001 budget request may significantly influence our plans. This paper provides an update on the appropriations process and highlights new elements of the U.S. PV program in FY 2001. C1 US DOE, Off Solar Energy Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Rannels, JE (reprint author), US DOE, Off Solar Energy Technol, 1000 Independence Ave, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1736 EP 1739 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916240 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900428 ER PT S AU Deb, SK Sopori, BL Samara, GL Smith, JJ AF Deb, SK Sopori, BL Samara, GL Smith, JJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Progress on DOE/BES-supported research on photovoltaics SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID SILICON AB A high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) project involving several laboratories and universities was initiated in 1997 under the umbrella of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Center of Excellence for the Synthesis and Processing of Advanced Materials. The objectives of this project are to generate advances in fundamental scientific understanding that will impact the efficiency, cost, and reliability of thin-film PV cells. The project is focused on two areas-Silicon-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells and Next Generation Thin Photovoltaics. This paper will review the major accomplishments of this program. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Deb, SK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3221, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1752 EP 1755 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916244 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900432 ER PT S AU Appel, A Cameron, TM Carter, CAG Gagnon, MKJ Mann, G Baker, RT Harrison, DJ Vogels, CM Westcott, SA AF Appel, A Cameron, TM Carter, CAG Gagnon, MKJ Mann, G Baker, RT Harrison, DJ Vogels, CM Westcott, SA BE Davidson, M Hughes, AK Marder, TB Wade, K TI Metal-catalyzed routes to alpha-heteroatom-substituted boronic acids and boronate esters SO CONTEMPORARY BORON CHEMISTRY SE Royal Society of Chemistry Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Boron Chemistry (IMEBORON X) CY JUL 11-15, 1999 CL UNIV DURHAM, DURHAM, ENGLAND SP Borax Europe Ltd, Callery Chem Co, ICI Technol, Innovat Technol Inc, Pfizer Cent Res, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut, Strem Chem UK, Univ Durham, Vice Chancellors Off, Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Royal Soc Chem, Teesside Sect, Royal Soc Chem, Angela & Tony Fish Bequest HO UNIV DURHAM ID DIBORATION; INHIBITORS; ARYLATION; RECEPTORS; TRANSPORT; REAGENTS; CARRIERS; ADDUCTS; PEPTIDE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Appel, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-835-9 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2000 IS 253 BP 407 EP 414 DI 10.1039/9781847550644-00407 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BQ43F UT WOS:000088357600064 ER PT J AU Glenzer, SH AF Glenzer, SH TI Thomson scattering in inertial confinement fusion research SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; HOHLRAUM PLASMAS; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONS; SPECTRA; LIGHT AB Thomson scattering with a short-wavelength probe laser has been developed into a standard diagnostic of high-density inertial confinement fusion plasmas that are produced with high energy lasers. At the Nova laser facility, we have applied Thomson scattering to investigate fundamental properties of ion acoustic or electron plasma (Langmuir) waves such as their dispersion and diagnostic value in two-ion species plasmas as well as their saturation and decay. Moreover, we have used Thomson scattering in a large number of studies that require accurate characterization of plasma conditions to benchmark radiation hydrodynamic calculations and to test kinetics modelling. In particular, the implementation of an ultraviolet probe laser that operates at 263 nm (4 omega) has allowed us to accurately measure the electron and ion temperature in high-density gas-filled hohlraums and to investigate scalings to high gas fill densities characterizing the low-Z gas plasma as well as the high-Z wall plasma. These measurements have provided us with a unique data set that we use for comparisons with integrated radiation-hydrodynamic modelling using the code LASNEX. This code is presently being applied to design fusion targets for the National Ignition Facility. The Thomson scattering experiments show the existence of electron temperature gradients in the gas plasma that are well modelled when including a self-consistent calculation of magnetic fields. Furthermore, the temperature data have been applied to test kinetics calculations of x-ray spectra observed from these hohlraum plasmas. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glenzer, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3986(200004)40:1/2<36::AID-CTPP36>3.0.CO;2-O PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 297KP UT WOS:000086082300004 ER PT J AU Stotler, DP Karney, CFF Rensink, ME Rognlien, TD AF Stotler, DP Karney, CFF Rensink, ME Rognlien, TD TI Coupling of parallelized DEGAS 2 and UEDGE codes SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices (PET-7) CY OCT 04-06, 1999 CL TAJIMI, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Fus Sci, Nagoya Univ, Energy Engn & Sci Dept, Govt Japan, Minist Educ, Electrotechnol Chubu ID PLASMAS AB Benchmarks of DEGAS 2 against EIRENE yield agreement to within 5% and comparable single processor run times. DEGAS 2 demonstrates a nearly linear increase in processing speed with the number of parallel processors. That speed is put to practical use here in the first runs of UEDGE coupled to DEGAS 2. The results of the coupled codes match those of coupled UEDGE and EIRENE. Additional algorithmic improvements such as use of the correlated sampling technique promise to make runs of the coupled UEDGE - DEGAS 2 codes practical for everyday use. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stotler, DP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Karney, Charles/C-1371-2013; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Karney, Charles/0000-0002-5006-5836; Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200006)40:3/4<221::AID-CTPP221>3.0.CO;2-L PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 316GR UT WOS:000087159700004 ER PT J AU Rensink, ME Allen, SL Porter, GD Rognlien, TD AF Rensink, ME Allen, SL Porter, GD Rognlien, TD TI Simulation of double-null divertor plasmas with the UEDGE code SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices (PET-7) CY OCT 04-06, 1999 CL TAJIMI, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Fus Sci, Nagoya Univ, Energy Engn & Sci Dept, Govt Japan, Minist Educ, Electrotechnol Chubu AB We describe recent modifications to the UEDGE code for simulation of full double-null magnetic configurations. We present simulation results for magnetically balanced double nulls, with and without asymmetries due to divertor recycling and cross-field drifts. Up/down electron temperature asymmetries due to recycling are weak for attached plasmas. Cross-field drifts due to radial electric fields produce strong ion particle fluxes through the private flux regions that drive up/down plasma asymmetries. Electrical currents through grounded divertor plates are sensitive to both recycling-driven and drift-driven asymmetries. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Rensink, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200006)40:3/4<302::AID-CTPP302>3.0.CO;2-L PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 316GR UT WOS:000087159700016 ER PT J AU Yavorskij, V Goloborod'ko, V Schoepf, K Edenstrasser, J Kuhn, S Reznik, S Zweben, S AF Yavorskij, V Goloborod'ko, V Schoepf, K Edenstrasser, J Kuhn, S Reznik, S Zweben, S TI Charged fusion product fluxes in the tokamak SOL region SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices (PET-7) CY OCT 04-06, 1999 CL TAJIMI, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Fus Sci, Nagoya Univ, Energy Engn & Sci Dept, Govt Japan, Minist Educ, Electrotechnol Chubu ID TEST REACTOR; DELAYED LOSS; TFTR; DIFFUSION; PARTICLES AB Radial and poloidal dependencies of fluxes of charged fusion products in the tokamak SOL region and of losses to the first wall are investigated. A magnetic field model for the SOL tokamak region is developed. Fokker-Planck simulation results based on this model agree with relevant loss measurements in TFTR. C1 Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Yavorskij, V (reprint author), Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM klaus.schoepf@uibk.ac.at NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200006)40:3/4<346::AID-CTPP346>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 316GR UT WOS:000087159700023 ER PT J AU Myra, JR D'Ippolito, DA Xu, XQ Cohen, RH AF Myra, JR D'Ippolito, DA Xu, XQ Cohen, RH TI MHD and fluid instabilities at the plasma edge in the presence of a separatrix and X-point SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices (PET-7) CY OCT 04-06, 1999 CL TAJIMI, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Fus Sci, Nagoya Univ, Energy Engn & Sci Dept, Govt Japan, Minist Educ, Electrotechnol Chubu ID RESISTIVE BALLOONING MODES; SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; DIVERTOR TOKAMAKS; INTERCHANGE INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC SEPARATRIX; H-MODE; STABILITY; TURBULENCE; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT AB The effect of an X-point and separatrix on unstable modes is considered within the context of MHD and fluid models. We begin by reviewing the magnetic flux geometry in the vicinity of the X-point and the effect it has on wave behavior. We then consider fluid models for the edge and SOL plasma based on the reduced Braginskii equations, and subsets thereof. For parameters typical of tokamak boundary plasmas, the models support a variety of low frequency instabilities including ideal and resistive MHD modes, drift-Alfven instabilities, and instabilities driven by sheath and neutral physics. The physics of these modes and the role of X-point geometry on them is elucidated. Recent results of turbulence simulations of the boundary plasma in X-point geometry are also discussed. C1 Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Myra, JR (reprint author), Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200006)40:3/4<352::AID-CTPP352>3.3.CO;2-T PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 316GR UT WOS:000087159700024 ER PT J AU Cohen, RH Xu, X Schaeffer, MJ AF Cohen, RH Xu, X Schaeffer, MJ TI X-point heating, potentials, and temperature asymmetries in edge plasmas SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices (PET-7) CY OCT 04-06, 1999 CL TAJIMI, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Fus Sci, Nagoya Univ, Energy Engn & Sci Dept, Govt Japan, Minist Educ, Electrotechnol Chubu ID ELECTROSTATICALLY CONFINED PARTICLES; LOSSES AB Three-dimensional simulations of turbulence in the boundary plasma of a diverted tokamak indicate strongly localized heating and radial currents on closed Aux surfaces in the vicinity of the X point, and overall burstiness. We apply a long-mean-free path theory of particle and energy exchange between passing and potential-trapped electrons to show that these turbulent phenomena combined with natural fueling asymmetries may lead to electron temperature, density and potential maxima in this region. Such maxima have been observed on the DIII-D tokamak. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Cohen, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 437 EP 442 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200006)40:3/4<437::AID-CTPP437>3.0.CO;2-M PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 316GR UT WOS:000087159700037 ER PT J AU Cohen, RH Ryutov, DD AF Cohen, RH Ryutov, DD TI Plasma near a divertor plate: Effects of surface roughness and particle drifts SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices (PET-7) CY OCT 04-06, 1999 CL TAJIMI, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Fus Sci, Nagoya Univ, Energy Engn & Sci Dept, Govt Japan, Minist Educ, Electrotechnol Chubu ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT INSTABILITY; TILTED MAGNETIC-FIELD; SCRAPE-OFF LAYERS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CONVECTION; ELECTRON; PERFORMANCE; BERYLLIUM; SHEATH AB The surface of a divertor plate usually has a certain degree of "roughness". Depending of the material and the exposure time, the size of surface features may range from submicrons to a fraction of a millimeter, covering a range of spatial scales from well below the electron gyroradius, rho(e), to significantly above the ion gyroradius, rho(i). The plasma approaches the divertor plate along a magnetic field which forms a shallow angle, alpha much less than 1, with the plate surface. Under such circumstances, a significant "shadowing" effect takes place, with only a small part of the surface being accessible to the plasma particles. A methodology is presented that allows one to find the fraction (epsilon(e) and epsilon(i)) of the surface geometrically accessible for the electrons and the ions. At small alpha, epsilon(e,i) are typically small, meaning a strong local enhancement of heat and particle fluxes. In a broad range of parameters, E, is also much smaller than epsilon(i). As the surface features are usually greater than the Debye radius, this leads to the formation of an ambipolar potential which causes reflection of part of the ions from the surface. The resulting albedo of the divertor plate for the plasma ions can be as high as 50%. Gradual diffusion of the plasma electrons into the zones reflecting the ions, reduces ambipolar fields and brings the ion albedo back to very small values. WE present estimates of the time scales governing the neutralization process. This time scale shows itself up in the sheath boundary conditions for non-steady-state perturbations. The effect of surface roughness on secondary electron emission is discussed and it is shown that, depending on the surface structure, it may be smaller or greater than for a perfectly flat plate. We also briefly discuss modifications of the sheath boundary conditions by particle drifts. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cohen, RH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 456 EP 470 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200006)40:3/4<456::AID-CTPP456>3.0.CO;2-I PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 316GR UT WOS:000087159700040 ER PT J AU Mandrekas, J Stacey, WM Murakami, M Wade, MR Jackson, GL AF Mandrekas, J Stacey, WM Murakami, M Wade, MR Jackson, GL TI Analysis of DIII-D radiative edge discharges SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices (PET-7) CY OCT 04-06, 1999 CL TAJIMI, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Fus Sci, Nagoya Univ, Energy Engn & Sci Dept, Govt Japan, Minist Educ, Electrotechnol Chubu ID ITER AB Coupled plasma and multi-charge state impurity transport simulations are performed to analyze recent DIII-D discharges with a strong radiating edge resulting from the injection of non-intrinsic impurities. Good agreement between the simulations and the experiment is obtained using a Bohm model for the main plasma ion and energy transport and a simple fixed-shape model for the transport of the impurity charge states. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Mandrekas, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM john.mandrekas@me.gatech.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 EI 1521-3986 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 498 EP 502 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200006)40:3/4<498::AID-CTPP498>3.0.CO;2-V PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 316GR UT WOS:000087159700045 ER PT J AU Loarte, A Kukushkin, A Porter, GD Hill, DN Watkins, JG Reiter, D Coster, DP Schneider, R AF Loarte, A Kukushkin, A Porter, GD Hill, DN Watkins, JG Reiter, D Coster, DP Schneider, R TI Influence of plasma composition on divertor detachment SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices (PET-7) CY OCT 04-06, 1999 CL TAJIMI, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Fus Sci, Nagoya Univ, Energy Engn & Sci Dept, Govt Japan, Minist Educ, Electrotechnol Chubu AB The phenomena that lead to the observed power and particle flux detachment have been studied with the code B2-Eirene for DIII-D Helium and Deuterium experiments. Contrary to the usual Deuterium experiments, a significant reduction of the power load to the divertor is observed in Helium discharges while the ion flux remains high. Modelling indicates that this is due to the longer ionisation mean free path of Helium, which can penetrate from the divertor into the bulk plasma with the consequent power loss. At this stage of Helium detachment, most of the outer divertor plasma remains at an electron temperature of similar to 5-10 eV, for which Helium recombination does not occur. C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, CSU Garching, EFDA, Garching, Germany. ITER, Joint Cent Team, Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Greifswald, Germany. RP Loarte, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, CSU Garching, EFDA, Garching, Germany. EM loartea@ipp.mpg.de RI Coster, David/B-4311-2010 OI Coster, David/0000-0002-2470-9706 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 EI 1521-3986 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 508 EP 513 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200006)40:3/4<508::AID-CTPP508>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 316GR UT WOS:000087159700047 ER PT S AU Wilken, B Zong, QG Doke, T Kokubun, S Mukai, T Reeves, GD AF Wilken, B Zong, QG Doke, T Kokubun, S Mukai, T Reeves, GD BE Russell, CT TI Distribution of energetic oxygen events in the tail region - A view from HEP-LD/GEOTAIL SO COORDINATED MEASUREMENTS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D Held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Comm Space Res ID DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL AB The periodic passage of a high-speed solar wind sector and the related corotating interaction region (CIR) in January and February 1994 resulted in two well-defined periods of sustained geoactivity. During this time interval GEOTAIL happened to be in quasi-elliptical orbits with apogees at about x = -90 R-E and with orbital periods close to the solar rotation of 27 days. These orbits provided consecutive radial cuts through the magnetosphere from a mid-tail position (x = -90 R-E) to the dayside magnetopause. The energetic particle spectrometer HEP-LD onboard GEOTAIL was used to identify oxygen bursts with beam-like angular distributions. A significant majority of these beams were moving in a tailward direction. All of these events are closely related to substorm activity. The formation of near-Earth neutral lines (NENLs) are a possible source for particle acceleration. Low charge states of the oxygen ions are strong evidence for an ionospheric origin. The main focus of this study is to provide a coarse picture of oxygen events and their distribution in the regions of geospace visited by GEOTAIL in the time interval of interest. Details are obviously beyond the scope of this report. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Ctr Sci & Engn, Tokyo, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa, Japan. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 229, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Wilken, B (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 7/8 BP 1603 EP 1606 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00673-0 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP57W UT WOS:000085558400037 ER PT S AU Taguchi, S Kiyohara, M Mukai, T Yamamoto, T Saito, Y Kokubun, S Reeves, GD AF Taguchi, S Kiyohara, M Mukai, T Yamamoto, T Saito, Y Kokubun, S Reeves, GD BE Russell, CT TI Geotail observations of mid-tail traveling compression regions and their temporal relation with geosynchronous substorm onset SO COORDINATED MEASUREMENTS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D Held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Comm Space Res ID IMP-8 OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETOTAIL; PLASMOIDS; MIDTAIL AB The traveling compression regions (TCRs) have been identified in the mid-tail with Geotail magnetic field and plasma data, and the timing of these events relative to substorm onset signatures at Los Alamos geosynchronous spacecraft has been examined. Results suggest that the near-Earth neutral line forms before geosynchronous dispersionless injection. The implications of this temporal relation for magnetospheric substorm models are discussed. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Electrocommun, Chofu, Tokyo 182, Japan. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan. Nagoya Univ, STELAB, Aichi 442, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Taguchi, S (reprint author), Univ Electrocommun, Chofu, Tokyo 182, Japan. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 7/8 BP 1703 EP 1706 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00687-0 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP57W UT WOS:000085558400051 ER PT B AU Lillard, RS Taylor, TN Walter, KC He, XM Nastasi, M AF Lillard, RS Taylor, TN Walter, KC He, XM Nastasi, M BE Shifler, DA Natishan, PM Tsuru, T Ito, S TI Wear resistant coatings deposited by PSII and PIIP for use as a barrier to marine corrosion SO CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL IN SALTWATER ENVIRONMENTS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Control in Saltwater Environments CY OCT 18-19, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Corros, Electrochem Soc Japan ID SOURCE ION-IMPLANTATION AB Plasma source ion implantation (PSII) and Plasma immersion ion processing (PIIP) are non-line-of-sight processes for implanting and coating complex shaped targets without the need for complex fixturing. Previous PSII and PIIP investigations have focused on implanting and coating from inert and hydrocarbon base gases. With the recent development of low melting point organometallics, it is now possible to produce metal base coatings. One such organometallic that has potential for both wear and corrosion resistance is chrome-carbonyl (Cr(CO)(6)). The composition of a PIIP deposited coating from Cr(CO)(6) was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results indicated that the outer layers of the coating were high in carbon and oxygen content while the inner layers were enriched in Cr with respect to the organometallic stoichiometry. In addition, the coating was adherent and had a high hardness, on the order of 2000 kg/mm(2). The results from corrosion studies on the PIIP Cr-base coating on carbon steel are compared to results from PSII DLC coatings on the same substrate. The breakdown of both coatings was attributed to small pinholes formed during the deposition process. In comparison, implantation (from PSII) was found to produce a uniform surface with increased resistance to corrosion. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-249-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 26 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Oceanography SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Oceanography GA BP94D UT WOS:000086691900004 ER PT J AU Kaneko, M Isaacs, HS AF Kaneko, M Isaacs, HS TI Pitting of stainless steel in bromide, chloride and bromide/chloride solutions SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED CORROSION; DISSOLUTION; POTENTIALS; TEMPERATURES; INITIATION; KINETICS; LAYERS AB The pitting and localized dissolution characteristics of a high purity Fe-18%Cr-12%Ni stainless steel were studied in bromide, chloride and mixed solutions. The mass transfer rates of dissolution products within artificial pits were measured when a salt layer covered the steel. The mass transfer controlled dissolution was more rapid in the bromide than in the chloride. The overvoltage for active dissolution of the steel was measured in solutions saturated with its dissolved products. The overvoltage was lower in chloride than in bromide solutions by about 180 mV. The concentration at which the active surface repassivated was measured as the concentrated solution adjacent to the surface diffused away. The measured pitting potential increased with an increased ratio of bromide to chloride for the freely exposed steel surface. The lower pitting potential in chloride solutions was attributable to higher rates of dissolution of the steel in concentrated pit solutions, lower mass transfer rates from pits, and lower concentrations at which the pits repassivated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nippon Steel Corp Ltd, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 10071, Japan. RP Isaacs, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 24 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 42 IS 1 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0010-938X(99)00056-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 265YG UT WOS:000084273400005 ER PT S AU Aldering, G AF Aldering, G BE Holt, SS Zhang, WW TI Type Ia supernovae & cosmic acceleration SO COSMIC EXPLOSIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Astrophysics Conference on Cosmic Explosions CY OCT 11-13, 1999 CL COLLEGE PK, MD SP Univ Maryland ID DUST; SEARCH; LAMBDA; OMEGA AB The current application of Type Ia supernovae to the determination of the expansion history of the universe is discussed. Work by two separate research teams the Supernova Cosmology Project, and the High-Z Team - has shown that the most straightforward interpretation of observations of Type Ia supernova at [z] similar to 0.5 is that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. The form of this acceleration is consistent with a positive value of Einstein's "cosmological constant." Various forms of systematic error, both intrinsic and extrinsic to Type Ia supernovae have been proposed as alternative explanations. I review the constraints on systematic errors provided by current observations, and then discuss improvements which will be possible with a new sample of nearby supernovae and planned future observations of z > 1 supernovae. Assuming that systematic errors are negligible, or can be converted into statistical errors, large homogeneous samples of very distant Type Ia supernovae hold the potential to determine several key cosmological parameters to an accuracy rivaling or exceeding that of planned CMB observations. A satellite concept designed to bring this promise to fruition is outlined. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aldering, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-943-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 522 BP 75 EP 84 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ55Z UT WOS:000088762100006 ER PT B AU Zehavi, I Dekel, A AF Zehavi, I Dekel, A BE Courteau, S Strauss, MA Willick, JA TI Cosmological parameters and power spectrum from peculiar velocities SO COSMIC FLOWS 1999: TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Cosmic Flows: Towards an Understanding of Large-Scale Structure CY JUL 13-17, 1999 CL UNIV VICTORIA, VICTORIA, CANADA SP Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys HO UNIV VICTORIA ID SUPERNOVAE; UNIVERSE AB The power spectrum of mass density fluctuations is evaluated from the Mark III and the SFI catalogs of peculiar velocities by a maximum likelihood analysis, using parametric models for the power spectrum and for the errors. The applications to the two different data sets, using generalized CDM models with and without COBE normalization, give consistent results. The general result is a relatively high amplitude of the power spectrum, with sigma(8)Omega(m)(0.6) = 0.8 +/- 0.2 at 90% confidence. Casting the results in the Omega(m) - Omega(Lambda) plane yields complementary constraints to those of the high-redshift supernovae, together favoring a nearly fiat, unbound and accelerating universe with comparable contributions from Omega(m) and Omega(Lambda). Further implications on the cosmological parameters, arising from a joint analysis of the velocities together with small-scale CMB anisotropies and the high-redshift supernovae, are also briefly described. C1 NASA, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zehavi, I (reprint author), NASA, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Grp, Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-028-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 201 BP 262 EP 269 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ38S UT WOS:000088225500038 ER PT S AU Posner, A Bothmer, V Kunow, H Gosling, JT Heber, B Lazarus, AJ Linker, JA Marsden, RG Mikic, Z Muller-Mellin, R Sanderson, TR Szabo, A Thompson, BJ AF Posner, A Bothmer, V Kunow, H Gosling, JT Heber, B Lazarus, AJ Linker, JA Marsden, RG Mikic, Z Muller-Mellin, R Sanderson, TR Szabo, A Thompson, BJ BE Kunow, H Smith, EJ Marsden, RG TI Energetic particle signatures of a corotating interaction region from a high latitude coronal hole: SOHO, wind and Ulysses observations SO COUPLING OF THE HIGH AND LOW LATITUDE HELIOSPHERE AND ITS RELATION TO THE CORONA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 7 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Comm Space Res ID EIT AB In mid 1996 the Comprehensive Suprathermal and Energetic Particle Analyser (COSTEP) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, at 1 AU in the ecliptic plane, detected recurrent periods of enhanced MeV ions in association with a corotating interaction region (CIR). Measurements of energetic ions from the Cosmic Ray and Solar Particle Instrument/Low Energy Telescope (COSPIN/LET) onboard Ulysses taken at 5 AU, at mid-northern heliographic latitudes, showed that Ulysses encountered recurrent particle events during the same time period. We used the solar wind speeds observed at both locations to estimate the corresponding solar source longitudes of the particle events. These longitudes are related to warps of the Sun's large high latitude northern coronal hole boundaries observed by SOHO's Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT). The findings are supported by three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations of the footpoint positions of the magnetic field lines at both spacecraft. The observations suggest that close to the Sun a superradial expansion of the fast solar wind from the Sun's high latitude northern coronal hole down to ecliptic latitudes is present. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Kiel, IEAP, Kiel, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, Gif Sur Yvette, France. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Posner, A (reprint author), Univ Kiel, IEAP, Olshaussenstr 40, Kiel, Germany. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012; OI Posner, Arik/0000-0003-1572-8734 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 26 IS 5 BP 865 EP 870 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(00)00020-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ23G UT WOS:000087680000018 ER PT S AU Nieh, TG Hsiung, LM AF Nieh, TG Hsiung, LM BE Sakuma, T Yagi, K TI Role of interfacial dislocations on creep of a fully lamellar TiAl SO CREEP AND FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures CY NOV 01-05, 1999 CL NATL RES INST MET, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn HO NATL RES INST MET DE intermetallic alloy; creep; interface; interface sliding; deformation twinning; laminate; dislocation pileup ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALLOY AB Deformation mechanisms of a fully lamellar TiAl (gamma lamellae: 100 similar to 300 nm thick, alpha(2) lamellae: 10 similar to 50 nm thick) crept at 760 degrees C have been investigated. It was found that, as a result of a fine structure, the motion and multiplication of dislocations within both gamma and alpha(2) lamellae are limited at low creep stresses (< 400 MPa). Thus, the glide and climb of lattice dislocations have insignificant contribution to creep deformation. In contrast, the motion of interfacial dislocations on gamma/alpha(2) and gamma/gamma interfaces (i.e. interface sliding) dominates the deformation at low stresses. The major obstacles impeding the motion of interfacial dislocations was found to be lattice dislocations impinging on lamellar interfaces. The number of impinging lattice dislocations increases as the applied stress increases and, subsequently, causes the pileup of interfacial dislocations on the interfaces. The pileup further leads to the formation of deformation twins. Deformation twinning activated by the pileup of interfacial dislocations is suggested to be the dominant deformation mechanism at high stresses (> 400 MPa). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-350, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-842-7 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2000 VL 171-1 BP 685 EP 692 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BP25R UT WOS:000084507700088 ER PT S AU Sharif, AA Misra, A Petrovic, JJ Mitchell, TE AF Sharif, AA Misra, A Petrovic, JJ Mitchell, TE BE Sakuma, T Yagi, K TI Slip systems in erbia single crystals SO CREEP AND FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures CY NOV 01-05, 1999 CL NATL RES INST MET, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn HO NATL RES INST MET DE erbium oxide; rare-earth; shear strength; burgers vector; dissociation; la3 ID CREEP AB Dislocation motion during high-temperature deformation of erbia single crystals has been investigated. Compressive deformation along various crystallographic axes at 1640 degrees C resulted in slip on {110} planes. The Burgers vector was determined to be (b) over bar=1/2 <1(1) over bar 1 >. Dislocations with such a large Burgers vector, (9.1 Angstrom), can dissociate into 1/4 <1(1) over bar 1 > and 1/4 <1(1) over bar 1 > partials. The critical resolved shear stress of the samples at 1640 degrees C was estimated to be about 38 MPa. Cleavage at room temperature was found to be on {111} planes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Sharif, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, MS K765, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-842-7 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2000 VL 171-1 BP 801 EP 808 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BP25R UT WOS:000084507700103 ER PT J AU Grant, SA Bettencourt, K Krulevitch, P Hamilton, J Glass, R AF Grant, SA Bettencourt, K Krulevitch, P Hamilton, J Glass, R TI Development of fiber optic and electrochemical pH sensors to monitor brain tissue SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference/2nd International Conference on Ethical Issues in Biomedical Engineering CY MAY 21-23, 1999 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SOUTH CAROLINA HO CLEMSON UNIV AB This article describes fiber optic and electrochemical pH sensors that could become part of a therapeutic arsenal to quickly and aggressively treat stroke victims as well as people who have suffered brain trauma. The fiber optic sensor design was based on the immobilization of a pH-sensitive dye, seminaphthorhodamine-1 carboxylate (SNARF-1C), onto the end of a 125-mu m-diameter silica optical fiber using the sol-gel method. A miniature bench-top fluorimeter system was developed for use with the optical fiber to obtain pH measurements. The electrochemical sensor was based on sputter-coated iridium oxide thin films. Linear and reproducible responses for both sensors were obtained in human blood with pH varying between 6.8 to 8.0, which encompasses the clinically relevant range, in vivo studies were also performed and results indicated that both types of sensors tracked pn with very little drift. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Grant, SA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 0278-940X J9 CRIT REV BIOMED ENG JI Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 352ZA UT WOS:000089248200028 PM 10999380 ER PT J AU Lelievre, SA Bissell, MJ Pujuguet, P AF Lelievre, SA Bissell, MJ Pujuguet, P TI Cell nucleus in context SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN EUKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE extracellular signal; signal transducer; gene expression; cellular structure; tissue specificity ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; NF-KAPPA-B; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; GENE-EXPRESSION; RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS; TRANSLOCATION; SHAPE; PHOSPHORYLATION; ORGANIZATION; REQUIRES AB The molecular pathways that participate in regulation of gene expression are being progressively unraveled. Extracellular signals, including the binding of extracellular matrix and soluble molecules to cell membrane receptors, activate specific signal transducers that process information inside the cell leading to alteration in gene expression. Some of these transducers when translocated to the cell nucleus may bind to transcription complexes and thereby modify the transcriptional activity of specific genes. However, the basic molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression are found in many different cell and tissue types; thus, the mechanisms underlying tissue-specific gene expression are still obscure. In this review we focus on the study of signals that are conveyed to the nucleus. We propose that the way in which extracellular signals are integrated may account for tissue-specific gene expression. We argue that the integration of signals depends on the nature of the structural organization of cells (i.e., extracellular matrix, membrane proteins, cytoskeleton, nucleus) that defines a particular cell type within a tissue. Thus, gene expression can be envisioned as being regulated by the mutual influence of extracellular and intracellular organizations, i.e., in context. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-57621, R37 CA064786, R01 CA057621-07, R01 CA064786-05, R01 CA057621, CA64786, R01 CA064786] NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 1045-4403 J9 CRIT REV EUKAR GENE JI Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 311JJ UT WOS:000086880700003 PM 10813390 ER PT J AU Galande, S Kohwi-Shigematsu, T AF Galande, S Kohwi-Shigematsu, T TI Caught in the act: Binding of Ku and PARP to MARs reveals novel aspects of their functional interaction SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN EUKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; base unpairing regions; chromatin remodeling; DNA-binding proteins; DNA-PK ID MATRIX ATTACHMENT REGIONS; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; NUCLEAR MATRIX; DNA-BINDING; V(D)J RECOMBINATION; DEFICIENT CELLS; IN-VITRO; AUTOANTIGEN; COMPLEX AB Specific regions of eukaryotic genomic DNA that exhibit high-affinity binding to the nuclear matrix in vitro are called matrix attachment regions (MARs) and are implicated in the loop domain organization of chromatin. Small regions possessing high base unpairing potential within these MARs are referred to as base unpairing regions (BURs). BUR-affinity chromatographic separations of proteins from breast cancer cells yielded, almost exclusively, a mixture of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), two nuclear enzymes that are implicated in the cellular response to DNA damage. Contrary to the long-held notion that PARP and Ku autoantigen, the DNA-binding heterodimeric subunit of DNA-PK, bind only to DNA ends, recently we have shown that both proteins individually bind BURs with high affinity and specificity in an end-independent manner. Furthermore, Ku autoantigen forms a molecular complex with PARP in the absence of DNA, and the physical association of these proteins synergistically enhanced their BUR-binding activity. Autoribosylation of PARR abolished its association with Ku autoantigen and BUR-binding activity. These findings have, for the first time, provided a molecular link toward elucidating the functional interaction between PARP and DNA-PK. The identification of MARs as their common binding target suggests a novel role for these enzymes in the modulation of chromatin structure and function. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 1045-4403 J9 CRIT REV EUKAR GENE JI Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 311JJ UT WOS:000086880700008 PM 10813395 ER PT J AU Shui, XQ Peek, ME Lipscomb, LA Gao, Q Ogata, C Roques, BP Garbay-Jaureguiberry, C Wilkinson, AP Williams, LD AF Shui, XQ Peek, ME Lipscomb, LA Gao, Q Ogata, C Roques, BP Garbay-Jaureguiberry, C Wilkinson, AP Williams, LD TI Effects of cationic charge on three-dimensional structures of intercalative complexes: Structure of a bis-intercalated DNA complex solved by MAD phasing SO CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; PHOSPHATE GROUPS; NUCLEOSOMAL DNA; DITERCALINIUM; DIMERS; DEFORMATION; RECOGNITION; DAUNOMYCIN; RESOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB We characterize intercalative complexes as either "high charge" and "low charge". In low charge complexes, stacking interactions appear to dominate stability and structure. The dominance of stacking is evident in structures of daunomycin, nogalamycin, ethidium, and triostin A/echinomycin. By contrast in a DNA complex with the tetracationic metalloporphyrin CuTMPyP4 [copper (II) meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin], electrostatic interactions appear to draw the porphyrin into the duplex interior, extending the DNA along its axis, and unstacking the DNA. Similarly, DNA complexes of tetracationic ditercalinium and tetracationic flexi-di show significant unstacking. Here we report x-ray structures of complexes of the tetracationic bis-intercalator D232 bound to DNA fragments d(CGTACG) and d((Br)CGTA(Br)CG). D232 is analogous to ditercalinium but with three methylene groups inserted between the piperidinium groups. The extension of the D232 linker allows it to sandwich four base pairs rather than two. In comparison to CuTMPyP4, flexi-di and ditercalinium, stacking interactions of D232 are significantly improved. We conclude that it is not sufficient to characterize intercalators simply by net charge. One anticipates strong electrostatic forces when cationic charge is focused to a small volume or region near DNA and so must consider the extent to which cationic charge is focused or distributed. In sum, ditercalinium, with a relatively short linker, focuses cationic charge more narrowly than does D232. So even though the net charges are equivalent, electrostatic charges are expected to be of greater structural significance in the ditercalinium complex than in the D232 complex. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Paris 05, UFR Sci Pharmaceut & Biol, Organ Chem Lab, F-75270 Paris 06, France. RP Williams, LD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008; Williams, Loren/M-3220-2016 OI Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X; Williams, Loren/0000-0002-7215-4194 NR 43 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL BV PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-8673 J9 CURR MED CHEM JI Curr. Med. Chem. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1 BP 59 EP 71 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 275UL UT WOS:000084838500005 PM 10637357 ER PT J AU Weier, HUG George, CX Lersch, RA Breitweser, S Cheng, JF Sameul, CE AF Weier, HUG George, CX Lersch, RA Breitweser, S Cheng, JF Sameul, CE TI Assignment of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene (Adar) to mouse chromosome 3F2 by in situ hybridization SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Grad Program Biochem & Mol Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Weier, HUG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, MS 74-157,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-12520] NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 2000 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 214 EP 215 DI 10.1159/000015615 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 346ZK UT WOS:000088901600022 PM 10965125 ER PT J AU Gardiner, K Mural, R Werner, T AF Gardiner, K Mural, R Werner, T TI Report of the ninth international workshop on the identification of transcribed sequences SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENE-EXPRESSION; DATABASE; MOUSE; RNA C1 Eleanor Roosevelt Inst Canc Res, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Neuherberg, Germany. RP Gardiner, K (reprint author), Eleanor Roosevelt Inst Canc Res, 1899 Gaylord St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 2000 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 2 EP 10 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 303VJ UT WOS:000086445300001 ER PT J AU Steinkamp, JA Valdez, YE Lehnert, BE AF Steinkamp, JA Valdez, YE Lehnert, BE TI Flow cytometric, phase-resolved fluorescence measurement of propidium iodide uptake in macrophages containing phagocytized. fluorescent microspheres SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE phagocytosis; alveolar macrophages; fluorescent microspheres; autofluorescence; viability; propidium iodide; fluorescence lifetime; flow cytometry ID LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; CELL-CYCLE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; ASSAY; PARTICLES; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; NEUTROPHILS; LEUKOCYTES; SIGNALS AB Background: Spectral interference (overlap) from phagocytosed green-yellow (GY) microspheres in the flow cytometric, red fluorescence emission measurement channel causes errors in quantifying damaged/dead alveolar macrophages by uptake of propidium iodide. Methods: Particle burdens of uniform GY fluorescent microspheres phagocytosed by rat alveolar macrophages and the discrimination of damaged/dead cells as indexed by propidium iodide uptake were assessed with conventional and phase-sensitive flew cytometry. Results: The fluorescence spectral emission from phagocytosed microspheres partly overlapped the propidium iodide red fluorescence emission and interfered with the measurement of damaged/dead cells when using conventional flow cytometry without subtractive compensation. This caused errors when estimating the percentage of nonviable, propidium iodide-positive, phagocytic macrophages. The interference was eliminated by employing phase-sensitive detection in the red fluorescence measurement channel based on differences in fluorescence lifetimes between the fluorescent microspheres and propidium iodide. Intrinsic cellular autofluorescence, whose fluorescence Lifetime is approximately the same as that of the phagocytosed microspheres, also was eliminated in the phase-sensitive detection process. Because there was no detectable spectral interference of propidium iodide in the green fluorescence (phagocytosis) measurement channel, conventional fluorescence detection was employed. Conclusions: Phase-resolved, red fluorescence emission measurement eliminates spectral overlap errors caused by autofluorescent phagocytes that contain fluorescent microspheres in the analyses of propidium iodide uptake. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinkamp, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR013150, R01RR07855] NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(20000101)39:1<45::AID-CYTO7>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 272KU UT WOS:000084649900007 PM 10655562 ER PT J AU Vahala, L Vahala, G Carter, J Pavlo, P AF Vahala, L Vahala, G Carter, J Pavlo, P TI Evolution of a neutral-ion 2 fluid system using thermal lattice Boltzmann model SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Symposium on Plasma Physics and Technology CY JUN 06-09, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Elect Engn, Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Plasma Phys ID FLOWS AB The 2D evolution of a 2-species system is examined using the thermal lattice Boltzmann model (TLBM). The effect of velocity shear layers on sharp heat fronts are considered for a neutral-ion system in the case where both species are turbulent. The rate at which the species velocities and temperatures equilibrate no longer follow the Morse estimate. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 92039 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Plasma Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. RP Vahala, L (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RI Pavlo, Pavol/G-4214-2014 OI Pavlo, Pavol/0000-0003-1400-1074 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2000 VL 50 SU 3 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 509EE UT WOS:000173132300007 ER PT J AU Karpinski, L Paduch, M Scholz, M Tomaszewski, K Szydlowski, A Pikuz, S Romanova, V Faenov, AY Abdallah, J Clark, REH AF Karpinski, L Paduch, M Scholz, M Tomaszewski, K Szydlowski, A Pikuz, S Romanova, V Faenov, AY Abdallah, J Clark, REH TI "Hot electrons" influence on argon K-spectrum emitted from plasma focus discharges SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Symposium on Plasma Physics and Technology CY JUN 06-09, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Elect Engn, Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Plasma Phys AB New results of spectroscopical investigation of Plasma Focus discharges performed on the PF-1000 facility (IPPiLM, Warsaw) are presented, Two-dimensional space resolved K-shell spectra of argon were registered using a mica crystal spectrometer of FSSR-2D type. The important role of the electron beam in forming of these spectra is shown. A modeling of the spectra by the collisional-radiative theory with inclusion of a non-Maxwellian component of the electron energy distribution explained quite well the obtained results. C1 Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfus, Warsaw, Poland. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. NPO VNIFTRI Mendeleevo, Mendeleyevsk, Moscow Region, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Karpinski, L (reprint author), Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfus, Warsaw, Poland. RI Pikuz, Sergey/M-8231-2015 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2000 VL 50 SU 3 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 509EE UT WOS:000173132300019 ER PT S AU Chang, ECP AF Chang, ECP BE Dasarathy, BV TI National traffic system evaluation using data mining techniques SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: THEORY, TOOLS, AND TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery - Theory, Tools, and Technology II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB This paper discribes a study, using the data mining technique, to examine incident response time statistics before and after the incident management systems were deployed based on the information collected in the Metropolitan ITS Infrastructure Deployment Tracking system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chang, ECP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,4500N,MS 6206, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3683-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4057 BP 409 EP 411 DI 10.1117/12.381759 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BQ36J UT WOS:000088122800045 ER PT S AU Zurek, WH AF Zurek, WH BE Blanchard, P Giulini, D Joos, E Kiefer, C Stamatescu, IO TI Decoherence and einselection (The rough guide) SO DECOHERENCE: THEORETICAL, EXPERIMENTAL AND CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Decoherence - Theoretical, Experimental, and Conceptual Problems CY NOV 10-14, 1998 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, BIELEFELD, GERMANY HO UNIV BIELEFELD ID QUANTUM BROWNIAN-MOTION; WAVE PACKET; COHERENT STATES; ENVIRONMENT; COMPUTATION; PREDICTABILITY; CLASSICALITY; INFORMATION; DISSIPATION; PRINCIPLE AB The roles of decoherence and environment-induced superselection in the emergence of the classical from the quantum substrate are described. The stability of correlations between the einselected quantum pointer states and the environment allows them to exist almost as objectively as if they were classical: There are ways of finding out what is the pointer state of the system which utilize redundancy of their correlations with the environment, and which leave einselected states essentially unperturbed. This relatively objective existence of certain quantum states facilitates operational definition of probabilities in the quantum setting. Moreover, once the states that 'exist' and can be 'found out' are in place, a 'collapse' in the traditional sense is no longer necessary - in effect, it has already happened. The records of the observer will contain evidence of an effective collapse. The role of the preferred states in the processing and storage of information is emphasized. The existential interpretation based on the relatively objective existence of stable correlations between the einselected states of observers memory and in the outside Universe is formulated and discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zurek, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-6,MS B288, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-66899-3 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2000 VL 538 BP 309 EP 341 PG 33 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BR09U UT WOS:000165645800026 ER PT J AU Huang, JY Zhu, YT AF Huang, JY Zhu, YT TI Advances in the synthesis and characterization of boron nitride SO DEFECTS AND DIFFUSION IN CERAMICS SE DEFECT AND DIFFUSION FORUM LA English DT Article DE h-BN; c-BN; w-BN; microstructure; defect; interface; dislocation; twinning; nanocrystal; amorphous; ball-milling; high pressure and high temperature (HPHT); high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM); phase transformation ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DEPOSITED DIAMOND; HIGH-PRESSURES; THIN-FILMS; CUBIC BN; NUCLEATION; PHASES; EELS; TRANSFORMATIONS AB We review the progress in the experiments and understanding of high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) induced phase transformation in boron nitride. The HPHT induced phase transformation is significantly enhanced by refining the microstructure of the starting material, e.g. by ball-milling hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) to a defective, nanocrystalline or even amorphous state. For example, cubic boron nitride (c-BN) forms from nanocrystalline or amorphous BN (a-BN) matrix at 900 degreesC and complete a-BN to c-BW phase transformation occurs at 1350 degreesC under 7.7 GPa. These temperatures and pressures are significantly lower than required to transform coarse-grained crystalline h-BN to c-BN. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) revealed that the c-BN phase nucleates directly from the sp(3) hybridized amorphous matrix, which is originally induced by ball milling and is therefore responsible for the lower HPHT requirements. This c-BN nucleation mechanism is completely different from the so-called diffusionless "puckering" mechanism that operates in the nucleation of c-BN from coarse-grained h-BN in HPHT experiments, but very similar to one of the proposed mechanisms involved in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond and c-BN. HRTEM also shed new light on the phase transformation of slightly deformed coarse-grained h-BN under HPHT conditions. The interface structures among h-, w- and c-BN reveal that the phase transformation can proceed by different routes including h -->w -->. h -->g -->c, h -->w --> 6H'-->c, h -->w --> 2H --> 2H'-->c, h --> am -->c and h -->c, where h, w, c, g, 6H'. 2H' and am represent h-BN, w-BN, c-BN, g-BN, 6H'-BN, 2H'-BN and a-BN, respectively. irrespective of these different transformation routes, all the phase transformations follow the same orientation relationships, i.e. [11(2) over bar 0](h)//[11(2) over bar 0](w)//[1(1) over bar 0](c) and (1(1) over bar 00)(h)//(1(1) over bar 00)(w)//(1 1 1)(c). The phase transformations also follow a general rule: at low temperatures, the formation of c-BN is always preceded by the formation of intermediate phases such as w-BN, 2H' and 6H', and the transformation is martensitic in nature: at higher temperatures. there is a direct h-BN to c-BN transformation, and the transformation is diffusional dominated. The transformation from w-BN to c-BN is achieved by introducing periodic stacking-faults (SFs) in w-BN. Based on the HRTEM images. three new; BN poivh pe phases i.e., g-BN 2H'-BN and 6H'-BN, were proposed for the first time. HRTEM also revealed that hall-milling introduces significant defects such as SFs, twins, Frank dislocations, delamination, rotating and shearing of the sp(2) layers, and disordering in the h-BN lattice. These defects are found to promote the subsequent hexagonal to cubic transformation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; NR 58 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 17 PU SCITEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI UETIKON-ZUERICH PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 UETIKON-ZUERICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2000 VL 186-1 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR97B UT WOS:000168223300001 ER PT J AU Zhang, XF Sixta, ME De Jonghe, LC AF Zhang, XF Sixta, ME De Jonghe, LC TI Diffusion controlled responses to heat treatment of toughened silicon carbide SO DEFECTS AND DIFFUSION IN CERAMICS SE DEFECT AND DIFFUSION FORUM LA English DT Article DE SiC; creep; precipitate; grain boundary; microstructure ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; GRAIN-BOUNDARY PHASE; STRESS RUPTURE BEHAVIOR; SIC SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SELF-DIFFUSION; LIQUID-PHASE; NITRIDE; CERAMICS; RESISTANCE; GROWTH AB Two diffusion-controlled microstructural responses to high temperature heat treatments, with and without applied stress, have been studied for in-situ toughened SIG. After structural characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), samples hot-pressed at 1900 degreesC were subjected to high temperature creep tests at 1100-1500 degreesC under stresses ranging from 50 to 200 MPa. The microstructural responses included crystallization of amorphous grain boundary films, as well as sporadic grain boundary cavitation. Grain boundary crystallization strongly affected primary creep, while the rate-controlling mechanism for the subsequent steady-state creep was determined to be grain boundary sliding accommodated by grain boundary diffusion. Post annealing of as-hot-pressed samples was conducted at 1000-1600 degreesC. Uniformly dispersed, nanoscale precipitates were observed in the interior of the SIC grains after annealing at 1300 degreesC or above, The precipitates coarsened with temperature, while decreasing number density. High-resolution TEM and nano-probe microanalysis identified an Al4C3-based structure for the precipitates. The formation of the nano-precipitates was associated with thermally activated diffusion of supersaturated Al, B, and C sintering additives which had dissolved into the SiC bulk at the hot pressing temperature. Al diffusion coefficients at different temperatures were estimated from the width of an Al-depleted zone that developed as a result of the post annealing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, XF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCITEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI UETIKON-ZUERICH PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 UETIKON-ZUERICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2000 VL 186-1 BP 45 EP 59 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR97B UT WOS:000168223300004 ER PT B AU Weber, WJ Jiang, W Thevuthasan, S Williford, R Meldrum, A Boatner, LA AF Weber, WJ Jiang, W Thevuthasan, S Williford, R Meldrum, A Boatner, LA BE Borstel, G Krumins, A Millers, D TI Ion-beam-induced defects and defects interactions in perovskite-structure titanates SO DEFECTS AND SURFACE-INDUCED EFFECTS IN ADVANCED PEROVSKITES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 3: HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Defects and Surface-Induced Effects in Advanced Perovskites CY AUG 23-25, 1999 CL JURMALA, LATVIA SP NATO Sci Affairs Div, Latvian Council Sci ID EPITAXIAL RECRYSTALLIZATION; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; AMORPHIZED SRTIO3; IMPLANTED SRTIO3; OXIDES AB Ion-beam irradiation of perovskite structures results in the production and accumulation of defects. Below a critical temperature, irradiation also leads to a crystalline-to-amorphous transformation. The critical temperature for amorphization under 800 keV Kr+ ion irradiation is 425, 440 and 550 K for SrTiO3, CaTiO3 and BaTiO3, respectively. The results of ion-channeling studies on SrTiO3 irradiated with 1.0 MeV Au2+ ions suggest that the crystalline-to-amorphous transformation is dominated by the accumulation and interaction of irradiation-induced defects. In SrTiO3 irradiated with He+ and O+ ions at 180 K, isochronal annealing studies indicate that there is significant recovery of defects on both the oxygen and cation sublattices between 200 and 400 K. These results suggest that defect recovery processes may control the kinetics of amorphization A fit of the direct-impact/defect-stimulated model to the data for SrTiO3 suggests that the kinetics of amorphization are controlled by both a nearly athermal irradiation-assisted recovery process with an activation energy of 0.1 +/- 0.05 eV and a thermal defect recovery process with an activation energy of 0.6 +/- 0.1 eV. In SrTiO3 implanted with 40 keV H+ to 5.0 x 1016 and 1.0 x 1017 ions/cm2, annealing at 470 K increases the backscattering yield from Sr and Ti and is mostly likely due to the coalescence of H-2 into bubble nuclei. Annealing at 570 K and higher results in the formation of blisters or large cleaved areas. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weber, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6216-0 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 3 HI PY 2000 VL 77 BP 317 EP 328 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BR79H UT WOS:000167555100032 ER PT B AU Corrales, LR Song, J VanGinhoven, RM Jonsson, H AF Corrales, LR Song, J VanGinhoven, RM Jonsson, H BE Pacchioni, G Skuja, L Griscom, DL TI Computational studies of self-trapped excitons in silica SO DEFECTS IN SIO2 AND RELATED DIELECTRICS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Defects in SiO2 and Related Dielectrics - Science and Technology CY APR 08-20, 2000 CL ERICE, ITALY SP NATO ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ALPHA-QUARTZ; SIO2; LIQUID; DEFECTS AB A brief review of electronic structure calculations of the properties of self-trapped excitons (STEs) in silica is presented. The focus has been on crystalline systems because amorphous systems, such as fused silica, pose a significant technical challenge. The tremendous growth in speed of computer processors and available memory has led to a new generation of ab initio computer codes capable of carrying out extensive calculations. The capabilities of these codes have also grown with regards to the sophistication of both basis sets, for wave function based methods, and pseudopotentials, for density functional methods. In particular, these codes have made calculations of excited states more accessible. Calculations of varying degrees of sophistication are presented including preliminary studies of STEs at surfaces and in amorphous structures. Previous ab initio calculations have been repeated with larger basis sets and more accurate calculation methods. The new results agree nicely with experimental results, thus further legitimizing the original predictions. Recent results also predict the presence of multiple STEs that may have low energy connective paths between them. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, K8-91, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6685-9 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2000 VL 2 BP 329 EP 337 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BR74M UT WOS:000167395800011 ER PT B AU Wadsworth, J AF Wadsworth, J BE Taleff, EM Syn, CK Lesuer, DR TI The evolution of ultrahigh carbon steels - From the Great Pyramids, to Alexander the Great, to Y2K SO DEFORMATION, PROCESSING, AND PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS: SYMPOSIUM HONORING PROFESSOR OLEG D SHERBY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Honorary Symposium for Professor Oleg D Sherby held at the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm ID LAMINATED COMPOSITE; IMPACT PROPERTIES; DAMASCUS STEELS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; SUPERPLASTICITY; BRASS AB Hypereutectoid steels containing between about 1 and 2.1 wt%C, and now known as ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCS), have both a rich history (dating back to the time of Alexander the Great, i.e. similar to 300 BC) and an interesting, recent, technological period of development (from 1975 to the present). The connections between the modern UHCS and their ancient counterparts, and in particular Damascus steels, have received considerable attention. In addition to monolithic products, UHCS have also been used in both ancient and modern times in laminated composites. In the present paper, a summary of the modern development of UHCS and UHCS-containing laminates is given, and parallels are drawn with ancient materials. Also, ancient laminated composites containing other steels are described; controversial issues and a possible solution related to the age of such a laminate found in the Great Pyramid of Gizeh are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wadsworth, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-458-5 PY 2000 BP 3 EP 24 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ43B UT WOS:000088356400002 ER PT B AU Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Sherby, OD AF Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Sherby, OD BE Taleff, EM Syn, CK Lesuer, DR TI An evaluation of power law breakdown in metals, alloys, dispersion hardened materials and compounds SO DEFORMATION, PROCESSING, AND PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS: SYMPOSIUM HONORING PROFESSOR OLEG D SHERBY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Honorary Symposium for Professor Oleg D Sherby held at the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm ID INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES; CREEP; DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM; ENERGY; FLOW; AL AB Creep at high stresses often produces strain rates that exceed those that would be predicted by a power law relationship. In this paper, we examine available high stress creep data for pure metals, solid solution alloys, dispersion strengthened powder metallurgy materials and compounds for power law breakdown (PLB). The results show that, if PLB is observed, then the onset of PLB is generally observed at about epsilon/D-eff = 10(13) m(-2), where D-eff is the effective diffusion coefficient incorporating lattice and dislocation pipe diffusion. The common origins of PLB for the various systems studied can be found in the production of excess vacancies by plastic deformation. Anomalous behavior in two pure metals (nickel and tungsten) and a solid solution alloy (Fe-25Cr and Fe-26Cr-1Mo) has been analyzed and provides insight into this excess vacancy mechanism. In metal systems, the onset of PLB is related to a change in the nature of the subgrain structure developed. In the PLB region, subgrains become imperfect containing dislocation tangles adjacent to the sub-boundary, and dislocation cells are evident. The dislocation tangles and cells are the source of excess vacancies and increase the creep rate above that predicted from power law creep. If sugrains do not form then PLB is not observed. In solid solution alloys, in which the dominant deformation resistance results from the interaction of solute atoms with moving dislocations, excess vacancies influence the diffusion of these solute atoms. PLB is not observed in many systems. This is attributed either to the presence of a high equilibrium vacancy concentration (because of a low activation energy for vacancy formation) or to the inability to form subgrains. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lesuer, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-342, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-458-5 PY 2000 BP 181 EP 194 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ43B UT WOS:000088356400016 ER PT B AU Guzik, JA Bradley, PA Templeton, MR AF Guzik, JA Bradley, PA Templeton, MR BE Breger, M Montgomery, MH TI Approaches to asteroseismology of core and shell hydrogen-burning delta Scuti stars SO DELTA SCUTI AND RELATED STARS: REFERENCE HANDBOOK AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH VIENNA WORKSHOP IN ASTROPHYSICS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Vienna Workshop in Astrophysics: Delta Scuti and Related Stars CY AUG 04-07, 1999 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Acad Sci, Austrian Fonds Forderung Wissensch Forsch ID PULSATION FREQUENCIES; STELLAR OSCILLATIONS; MODE-IDENTIFICATION; PHOTOMETRY; ROTATION; OPACITIES; PRAESEPE; VIRGINIS; CAMPAIGN AB Deriving basic properties of delta Scuti variable stars via asteroseismology has proven to be much less straightforward than originally hoped, considering the successes of helioseismology and white dwarf asteroseismology. Here we describe the forward approach to asteroseismology for individual core and shell hydrogen-burning delta Scuti stars with a relatively large number of observed frequencies, using FG Vir, XX Pyx and 4 CVn as examples. For the more evolved delta Scuti stars, we discuss the results of numerical experiments to reduce the number of predicted modes by suppressing g-mode propagation in the core. We briefly consider the additional complications introduced by rotational splitting for mode identification and frequency prediction. We compare our inferences of the basic properties of FG Vir, XX Pyx, and 4 CVn with those of other groups, and discuss the problems of non-uniqueness of models, and in some cases the failure to find any model that satisfactorily matches all of the observations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guzik, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, X-2,MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM joy@lanl.gov NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-043-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 210 BP 247 EP 266 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80U UT WOS:000089621400010 ER PT B AU Neuforge-Verheecke, C Guzik, JA Bradley, PA AF Neuforge-Verheecke, C Guzik, JA Bradley, PA BE Breger, M Montgomery, MH TI Seismological tests of the diffusion/mass-loss theory for lambda Bootis stars SO DELTA SCUTI AND RELATED STARS: REFERENCE HANDBOOK AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH VIENNA WORKSHOP IN ASTROPHYSICS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Vienna Workshop in Astrophysics: Delta Scuti and Related Stars CY AUG 04-07, 1999 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Acad Sci, Austrian Fonds Forderung Wissensch Forsch AB Two competing theories have been developed to explain the peculiar abundance patterns present in the lambda Bootis stars: the Michaud & Charland (1986) diffusion/mass-loss theory and the Turcotte & Charbonneau (1993) diffusion/accretion theory. Half of the known lambda Bootis stars also exhibit delta Scuti-like pulsations. The diffusion/mass-loss models require a significant fraction of the main sequence lifetime for the metal deficiencies to appear at the surface. During this time, the settling of helium could deplete the HeII zone enough to inhibit pulsation. We present the results of our pulsation stability tests in lambda Bootis models calculated with diffusion and mass-loss. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys X2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Neuforge-Verheecke, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys X2, MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-043-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 210 BP 418 EP 422 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80U UT WOS:000089621400022 ER PT B AU Guzik, JA Kaye, AB Bradley, PA Cox, AN Neuforge, C AF Guzik, JA Kaye, AB Bradley, PA Cox, AN Neuforge, C BE Breger, M Montgomery, MH TI Driving gravity-mode pulsations in gamma Doradus variables SO DELTA SCUTI AND RELATED STARS: REFERENCE HANDBOOK AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH VIENNA WORKSHOP IN ASTROPHYSICS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Vienna Workshop in Astrophysics: Delta Scuti and Related Stars CY AUG 04-07, 1999 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Acad Sci, Austrian Fonds Forderung Wissensch Forsch ID STELLAR PULSATIONS; WHITE-DWARF; STARS; OPAL AB The gamma Doradus stars are a newly-discovered class of gravity-mode pulsators which lie just at or beyond the red edge of the classical delta Scuti instability strip. We present the results of calculations that predict pulsation instability of high-order g-modes with periods of 0.4 to 3 days, as observed in gamma Doradus variables. The pulsations are driven by the modulation of radiative flux by convection at the base of a deep envelope convection zone. Pulsation instability is predicted only for stellar models with temperature at the convection zone base between similar to 200,000 and similar to 480,000 K. Since the driving region is deep, gamma Doradus pulsations are compatible with surface abundance peculiarities found in lambda Boo and Am stars, and with delta Scuti p-mode pulsations driven by the H and He-ionization kappa effect. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guzik, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, X-2,MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-043-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 210 BP 423 EP 427 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80U UT WOS:000089621400023 ER PT S AU Phelan, JM Gozdor, M Webb, SW Cal, M AF Phelan, JM Gozdor, M Webb, SW Cal, M BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Laboratory data and model comparisons of the transport of chemical signatures from buried landmines/UXO SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE landmine; data; data-model comparisons; soil transport ID ADSORPTION; SOILS AB Sensing the chemical signature emitted from the main charge explosives from buried landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) is being considered for field applications with advanced sensors of increased sensitivity and specificity. The chemical signature, however, may undergo many interactions with the soil system, altering the signal strength at the ground surface by many orders of magnitude. The chemodynamic processes are fairly well understood from many years of agricultural and industrial pollution soil physics research. Due to the unique aspects of the surface soil environment, computational simulation is being used to examine the breadth of conditions that impact chemical signature transport, from the buried location to a ground surface release. To provide confidence in the information provided by simulation modeling, laboratory experiments have been conducted to provide validation of the model under well-constrained laboratory testing conditions. A soil column was constructed with soil moisture monitoring ports, a bottom porous plate to regulate the soil moisture content, and a top plenum to collect the surface flux of explosive chemicals. The humidity of the air flowing through the plenum was set at about 50% RH to generate an upward flux of soil moisture. A regulated flux of aqueous phase 2,4-DNT was injected into the soil at about ten percent of the upward water flux. Chemical flux was measured by sampling with solid phase microextraction devices and analysis by gas chromatography/electron capture detection. Data was compared to model results from the T2TNT code, specifically developed to evaluate the buried landmine chemical transport issues. Data and model results compare exceptionally well providing additional confidence in the simulation tool. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phelan, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 462 EP 473 DI 10.1117/12.396273 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700045 ER PT S AU Webb, SW Phelan, JM AF Webb, SW Phelan, JM BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Effect of diurnal and seasonal weather variations on the chemical signatures from buried landmines/UXO SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Mine Detection; UXO detection; chemical transport; computational simulation; weather effects ID ADSORPTION; SORPTION; MODEL; SOILS AB The chemical signature from buried landmines/UXO is affected by a number of environmental fate and transport processes in the soil such as vapor-solid and liquid-solid sorption, diffusion, biodegradation, and water movement. For shallow burial depths, land surface processes, such as wind, solar and long-wave radiation, and precipitation, play an important role. The impact of these land surface processes has been evaluated for a landmine/UXO buried 5 cm below the surface using actual weather data for an entire year using the T2TNT computer code. The gas-phase concentration of the chemical signatures, which is used by most chemical sensors currently being developed, shows appreciable diurnal variation and minimum seasonal changes due to the changes in the weather. The most dramatic variation in the gas-phase concentration occurs immediately after a rainfall following a long dry period. This information will impact the use of chemical sensors by indicating the best rimes of the day and best times of the year to sense these signatures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webb, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 474 EP 488 DI 10.1117/12.396274 PN 1&2 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700046 ER PT S AU Hughes, RC Casalnuovo, SA Wessendorf, KO Savignon, DJ Hietala, S Patel, SV Heller, EJ AF Hughes, RC Casalnuovo, SA Wessendorf, KO Savignon, DJ Hietala, S Patel, SV Heller, EJ BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Integrated chemiresistor array for small sensor platforms SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE chemiresistor; sensor array; pattern recognition; polymer composite; ASIC; solvent; VOC; robot ID CONDUCTOR-INSULATOR COMPOSITE; POLYMER; TEMPERATURE AB Chemiresistors are fabricated from materials that change their electrical resistance when exposed to certain chemical species. Composites of soluble polymers with metallic particles have shown remarkable sensitivity to many volatile organic chemicals, depending on the ability of the analyte molecules to swell the polymer matrix. These sensors can be made extremely small (< 100 square microns), operate at ambient temperatures, and require almost no power to read-out. However, the chemiresistor itself is only a part of a more complex sensor system that delivers chemical information to a user who can act on the information. We present the design, fabrication and performance of a chemiresistor array chip with four different chemiresistor materials, heaters and a temperature sensor. We also show the design and fabrication of an integrated chemical sensor array, where the electronics for measuring each chemiresistors' resistance are on the same chip with the chemiresistor films. The circuit was designed to perform several functions to make the sensor data more useful. The integrated chemiresistor array's small size and low power demand makes it ideal for deployment on a Sandia-developed microrobot platform. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hughes, RC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Patel, Sanjay/D-2903-2014 OI Patel, Sanjay/0000-0001-9540-9957 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 519 EP 529 DI 10.1117/12.396280 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700051 ER PT S AU Yee, ML Simonson, KM Sleefe, GE AF Yee, ML Simonson, KM Sleefe, GE BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Statistical sensor fusion for countermine applications SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; sensor fusion; ground-penetrating radar; metal detector; infrared AB In this paper, a statistical technique for multi-sensor data fusion is applied to countermine problems. The fusion method has previously been shown to be a powerful tool in SAR/ATR applications. An earlier study, using data from the separate x, y, and z coils of the EM61-3D metal detector collected at the Seabee site at Ft. Carson. demonstrated that the method shows promise for countermine applications as well. This paper briefly reviews the mathematical foundation of the fusion technique and then a new application to multisensor data from the Mine Hunter/Killer system is discussed at length. The sensor suite includes a ground-penetrating radar, metal detectors, and an infrared camera; data were collected at Fort A.P. Hill, VA. The results of applying the probabilistic fusion method to these multi-sensor data are presented and analyzed in detail for the first time. The advantages and limitations of using this fusion approach for countermine applications are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yee, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0859,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 853 EP 864 DI 10.1117/12.396313 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700085 ER PT S AU Holzrichter, MW Sleefe, GE AF Holzrichter, MW Sleefe, GE BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Resolution enhancement of landmines in ground penetrating radar images SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE GPR; ground penetrating radar; real-time processing; migration; phase-shift migration; Gazdag migration ID MIGRATION AB Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been found to be a promising technology for detecting landmines. Landmines reflect electromagnetic energy in many directions, causing the GPR antenna to pick up these reflections at multiple positions with respect to the landmine, This decreases the resolution of the GPR image. Reflection seismology, which images the earth's subsurface using elastic rather than electromagnetic waves, experiences similar diffculties. Migration is a technique used in reflection seismology to address this problem. This paper presents an adaptation of the Gazdag Phase-Shift migration algorithm far use on GPR data in the context of landmine detection. The possible benefits of migrating GPR data are more precisely locating mines and improved detection of mines with weak signatures. Landmine detection requires a real-time approach whereas reflection seismology performs migration after the data are acquired. The different scenarios of usage have significant implications on the form of candidate migration algorithms. The adapted algorithm was applied to GPR data acquired during tests of the Mine Hunter/Killer system at Fort A.P. Hill. The results presented herein demonstrate the resolution enhancement potential of the proposed algorithm. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holzrichter, MW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0859, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 1160 EP 1170 DI 10.1117/12.396201 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700115 ER PT S AU Bowers, JA Shedrow, CB AF Bowers, JA Shedrow, CB BE IbarraBerastegi, G Brebbia, CA Zannetti, P TI Predicting stream water quality using artificial neural networks (ANN) SO DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF COMPUTER TECHNIQUES TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES VIII SE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Development and Application of Computer Techniques to Environmental Studies CY JUN 28-30, 2000 CL BILBAO, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Basque Country ID CLIMATE AB Predicting point and nonpoint source runoff of dissolved and suspended materials into their receiving streams is important to protecting water quality and traditionally has been modeled using deterministic or statistical methods. The purpose of this study was to predict water quality in small streams using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The selected input variables were local precipitation, stream flow rates and turbidity for the initial prediction of suspended solids in the stream. A single hidden-layer feedforward neural network using backpropagation learning algorithms was developed with a detailed analysis of model design of those factors affecting successful implementation of the model. All features of a feedforward neural model were investigated including training set creation, number and layers of neurons, neural activation functions, and backpropagation algorithms. Least-squares regression was used to compare model predictions with test data sets. Most of the model configurations offered excellent predictive capabilities. Using either the logistic or the hyperbolic tangent neural activation function did not significantly affect predicted results. This was also true for the two learning algorithms tested, the Levenberg-Marquardt and Polak-Ribiere conjugate-gradient descent methods. The most important step during model development and training was the representative selection of data records for training of the model. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Bowers, JA (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6098 BN 1-85312-819-8 J9 ENVIRON ST PY 2000 VL 4 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR50T UT WOS:000166688800009 ER PT B AU Zapol, P Sternberg, M Frauenheim, T Gruen, DM Curtiss, LA AF Zapol, P Sternberg, M Frauenheim, T Gruen, DM Curtiss, LA BE Davidson, JL Brown, WD Gicquel, A Spitsyn, BV Angus, JC TI Electronic structure studies of nanocrystalline diamond grain boundaries SO DIAMOND MATERIALS VI SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Diamond Materials at the 196th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc ID PLANAR DEFECTS; DICARBON; ENERGY; CARBON AB Diamond growth from hydrogen-poor plasmas results in diamond structures that are profoundly different from conventionally CVD-grown diamond. High concentration of carbon dimers in the microwave plasma results in a high rate of heterogenous renucleation leading to formation of nanocrystalline diamond with a typical grain size of 3-10 nm. Therefore, up to 10% of carbon atoms are located in the grain boundaries. In this paper we report on density-functional based tight-binding molecular dynamics calculations of the structure of a Sigma 13 twist (100) grain boundary in diamond. Beginning with a coincidence site lattice model, simulated annealing of the initial structure was performed at 1500 K followed by relaxation toward lower temperatures. About one-half of the carbons in the grain boundary are found to be three-coordinated. Coordination numbers, bond length and bond angle distributions are analyzed and compared to those obtained in previous studies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zapol, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012; Frauenheim, Thomas/C-5653-2015 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169; Frauenheim, Thomas/0000-0002-3073-0616 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-255-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 32 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ71D UT WOS:000089239900021 ER PT S AU Allgood, GO Treece, DA Pearce, FJ Bentley, TB AF Allgood, GO Treece, DA Pearce, FJ Bentley, TB BE Suresh, R Pien, HH TI Pulmonary (Cardio) diagnostic system for combat casualty care capable of extracting embedded characteristics of obstructive or restrictive flow SO DIGITIZATION OF THE BATTLESPACE V AND BATTLEFIELD BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Battlespace Digitization Conference CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE automated pulmonary diagnostics; feature descriptors; respiratory disorders; image analysis; statistical confidence AB Waiter Reed Army Institute of Research and Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a prototype pulmonary diagnostic system capable of extracting signatures from adventitious lung sounds that characterize obstructive and/or restrictive flow. Examples of disorders that have been detailed include emphysema, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumothorax. The system is based on the premise that acoustic signals associated with pulmonary disorders can be characterized by a set of embedded signatures unique to the disease. The concept is being extended to include cardio signals correlated with pulmonary data to provide an accurate and timely diagnoses of pulmonary function and distress in critically injured soldiers that will allow medical personnel to anticipate the need for accurate therapeutic intervention as well as monitor soldiers whose injuries may lead to pulmonary compromise later. The basic operation of the diagnostic system is as follows: (1) create an image from the acoustic signature based on higher order statistics, (2) deconstruct the image based on a predefined map, (3) compare the deconstructed image with stored images of pulmonary symptoms, and (4) classify the disorder based on a clustering of known symptoms and provide a statistical measure of confidence. The system has produced conformity between adults and infants and provided effective measures of physiology in the presence of noise. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allgood, GO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3663-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4037 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1117/12.395045 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BR35L UT WOS:000166174000025 ER PT S AU Lowrie, RB Morel, JE AF Lowrie, RB Morel, JE BE Cockburn, B Karniadakis, GE Shu, CW TI Discontinuous Galerkin for hyperbolic systems with stiff relaxation SO DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHODS: THEORY, COMPUTATION AND APPLICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Discontinuous Galerkin Methods CY MAY 24-26, 1999 CL NEWPORT, RI SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, USA, Army Res Off ID CONSERVATION-LAWS; TERMS AB A Discontinuous Galerkin method is applied to hyperbolic systems that contain stiff relaxation terms. We demonstrate that when the relaxation time is unresolved, the method is accurate in the sense that it accurately represents the system's Chapman-Enskog approximation. Results are presented for the hyperbolic heat equation and coupled radiation-hydrodynamics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lowrie, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 3-540-66787-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2000 VL 11 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BR11S UT WOS:000165694700037 ER PT S AU Prasad, MK Milovich, JL Shestakov, AI Kershaw, DS Shaw, MJ AF Prasad, MK Milovich, JL Shestakov, AI Kershaw, DS Shaw, MJ BE Cockburn, B Karniadakis, GE Shu, CW TI 3D unstructured mesh ALE hydrodynamics with the upwind discontinuous Galerkin method SO DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHODS: THEORY, COMPUTATION AND APPLICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Discontinuous Galerkin Methods CY MAY 24-26, 1999 CL NEWPORT, RI SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, USA, Army Res Off ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD AB We describe a numerical scheme to solve 3D Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) hydrodynamics on an unstructured mesh using a discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM) and an explicit Runge-Kutta time discretization. Upwinding is achieved through Roe's linearized Riemann solver with the Harten-Hyman entropy fix. For stabilization, a 3D quadratic programming generalization of van Leer's 1D minmod slope limiter is used dong with a Lapidus type artificial viscosity. This DGM scheme has been tested on a variety of hydrodynamic test problems and appears to be robust making it the basis for the integrated 3D inertial confinement fusion modeling code ICF3D. For efficient code development, we use C++ object oriented programming to easily separate the complexities of an unstructured mesh from the basic physics modules. ICF3D is fully parallelized using domain decomposition and the MPI message passing library. It is fully portable. It runs on uniprocessor workstations and massively parallel platforms with distributed and shared memory. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Prasad, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 3-540-66787-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2000 VL 11 BP 397 EP 405 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BR11S UT WOS:000165694700039 ER PT S AU van Breugel, W AF van Breugel, W BE Bergeron, J TI The highest redshift radio galaxies SO DISCOVERIES AND RESEARCH PROSPECTS FROM 8- TO 10-METER-CLASS TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Discoveries and Research Prospects from 8- to 10-Meter-Class Telescopes CY MAR 30-31, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE high redshift; radio galaxies; massive galaxies; black holes ID SKY-SURVEY; DISCOVERY; EMISSION; QUASARS; SAMPLE; Z=4.25 AB At low redshifts powerful radio sources are uniquely associated with massive galaxies, and are thought to be powered by supermassive black holes. Modern 8m - 10m telescopes may be used used to find their likely progenitors at very high redshifts to study their formation and evolution. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP van Breugel, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mailstop L-413, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3630-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4005 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1117/12.390129 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ62E UT WOS:000088994200009 ER PT B AU Flanery, R Geist, A Luethke, B Scott, SL AF Flanery, R Geist, A Luethke, B Scott, SL BE Kacsuk, P Kotsis, G TI Cluster command & control (C3) tools suite SO DISTRIBUTED AND PARALLEL SYSTEMS : FROM INSTRUCTION PARALLELISM TO CLUSTER COMPUTING SE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Austrian-Hungarian Workshop on Distributed and Parallel Systems (DAPSYS'2000) CY SEP 10-13, 2000 CL BALATONFURED, HUNGARY DE PC cluster tools; cluster administration AB The computation power of PC clusters running the Linux operating system rivals that of supercomputers of just a few years ago at a fraction of the purchase price. However, the lack of good administration and application tools represents a hidden operation cost that is often overlooked when proposing a cluster. This paper presents a number of command line tools developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for use in operating the HighTORC cluster. These same tools provide the "backend" connection to the cluster for our web based GUI tool suite M3C (Monitoring and Managing Multiple Clusters). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Flanery, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-7892-X J9 KLUWER INT SER ENG C PY 2000 VL 567 BP 205 EP 214 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ87J UT WOS:000089902700026 ER PT B AU Parker, LE AF Parker, LE BE Parker, LE Bekey, G TI Current state of the art in distributed autonomous mobile robotics SO DISTRIBUTED AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems (DARS 2000) CY OCT 04-06, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, KNOXVILLE, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDOE, Engn Res Program, Off Basic Energy Sci, IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE, Ind Electr Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Soc Instrument & Control Engn Japan HO OAK RIDGE NATL LAB DE distributed robotics; survey; cooperative robotics; multi-robot systems ID COOPERATION AB As research progresses in distributed robotic systems, more and more aspects of multi-robot systems are being explored. This article surveys the current state of the art in distributed mobile robot systems. Our focus is principally on research that has been demonstrated in physical robot implementations. We have identified eight primary research topics within multi-robot systems - biological inspirations, communication, architectures, localization/mapping/exploration, object transport and manipulation, motion coordination, reconfigurable ro,bots, and learning - and discuss the current state of research in these areas. As we describe each research area, we identify some key open issues in multi-robot team research. We conclude by identifying several additional open research issues in distributed mobile robotic systems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ParkerLE@ornl.gov NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 4-431-70295-4 PY 2000 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BR08T UT WOS:000165613900001 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV BE Parker, LE Bekey, G TI Terrain model acquisition by mobile robot teams and n-connectivity SO DISTRIBUTED AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems (DARS 2000) CY OCT 04-06, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, KNOXVILLE, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDOE, Engn Res Program, Off Basic Energy Sci, IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE, Ind Electr Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Soc Instrument & Control Engn Japan HO OAK RIDGE NATL LAB ID UNKNOWN TERRAINS; NAVIGATION AB The connectivity of the configuration space has been a valuable concept in the motion planning for single robots in both known and unknown terrains. We show here that n-connectivity plays a similar role for mobile robot teams in providing algorithms for terrain model acquisition in unknown terrains. A bound on the connectivity degree of the free-space, reflected in that of a navigation course, provides us an estimate of the size of a robot team that is effective for the terrain. We consider an unknown planar polygonal terrain. The robots are point-sized and equipped with visual sensors which acquire all visible parts of the terrain by scan operations executed from their locations. The performance is measured by the number of sensor (scan) operations which are assumed to be the most time-consuming of all the robot operations. We show that the Voronoi diagrams and trapezoidal decomposition methods yield solutions for efficient terrain model acquisition by a 2- and 3-robot team using visual sensors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 4-431-70295-4 PY 2000 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BR08T UT WOS:000165613900022 ER PT B AU Feddema, J Lewis, C LaFarge, R AF Feddema, J Lewis, C LaFarge, R BE Parker, LE Bekey, G TI Cooperative sentry vehicles and differential GPS leapfrog SO DISTRIBUTED AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems (DARS 2000) CY OCT 04-06, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, KNOXVILLE, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDOE, Engn Res Program, Off Basic Energy Sci, IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE, Ind Electr Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Soc Instrument & Control Engn Japan HO OAK RIDGE NATL LAB DE mobile robots; cooperative control; distributed autonomous systems ID NONHOLONOMIC MOBILE ROBOTS AB As part of a project for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Sandia National Laboratories' Intelligent Systems & Robotics Center is developing and testing the feasibility of using a cooperative team of robotic sentry vehicles to guard a perimeter, perform a surround task, and travel extended distances. This paper describes our most recent activities. In particular, this paper highlights the development of a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) leapfrog capability that allows two or more vehicles to alternate sending DGPS corrections. Using this leapfrog technique, this paper shows that a group of autonomous vehicles can travel 22.68 kilometers with a root mean square positioning error of only 5 meters. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 4-431-70295-4 PY 2000 BP 293 EP 302 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BR08T UT WOS:000165613900028 ER PT B AU Parker, LE Touzet, C AF Parker, LE Touzet, C BE Parker, LE Bekey, G TI Multi-robot learning in a cooperative observation task SO DISTRIBUTED AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems (DARS 2000) CY OCT 04-06, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, KNOXVILLE, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDOE, Engn Res Program, Off Basic Energy Sci, IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE, Ind Electr Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Soc Instrument & Control Engn Japan HO OAK RIDGE NATL LAB AB An important need in multi-robot systems is the development of mechanisms that enable robot teams to autonomously generate cooperative behaviors. This paper first briefly presents the Cooperative Multi-robot Observation of Multiple Moving Targets (CMOMMT) application as a rich domain for studying the issues of multi-robot learning of new behaviors. We discuss the results of our hand-generated algorithm for CMOMMT, and then describe our research in generating multi-robot learning techniques for the CMOMMT application, comparing the results to the hand-generated solutions. Our results show that, while the learning approach performs better than random, naive approaches, much room still remains to match the results obtained from the hand-generated approach. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop techniques for multi-robot learning and adaptation that will generalize to cooperative robot applications in many domains, thus facilitating the practical use of multi-robot teams in a wide variety of real-world applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parker, LE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 4-431-70295-4 PY 2000 BP 391 EP 401 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BR08T UT WOS:000165613900037 ER PT B AU Barhen, J Protopopescu, V AF Barhen, J Protopopescu, V BE Parker, LE Bekey, G TI Ultrafast neural network training for robot learning from uncertain data SO DISTRIBUTED AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems (DARS 2000) CY OCT 04-06, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, KNOXVILLE, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDOE, Engn Res Program, Off Basic Energy Sci, IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE, Ind Electr Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Soc Instrument & Control Engn Japan HO OAK RIDGE NATL LAB ID ALGORITHM AB A capability for learning from uncertain data has been a major and perennial requirement for many real-life robotic applications. In that context, a new methodology for ultrafast learning using neural networks is presented. It requires only a single iteration to train a feed-forward network with near-optimal results. Uncertainty reduction algorithms are also incorporated in a natural and optimal fashion. As such, this methodology is intended to become an essential building block for future architectures of intelligent systems. Its application to multi-robot observation of multiple moving targets is illustrated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barhen, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 4-431-70295-4 PY 2000 BP 403 EP 413 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BR08T UT WOS:000165613900038 ER PT S AU Daymond, MR Tome, CN Bourke, MAM AF Daymond, MR Tome, CN Bourke, MAM BE Bottger, AJ Delhez, R Mittemeijer, EJ TI Intergranular strains in textured steel SO ECRS 5: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 5) CY SEP 28-30, 1999 CL DELFT NOORDWIJKERHOUST, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands chem Soc, Inst Adv Mat Joint Res Ctr, Delft Univ Technol, Philips Analyt B V, Stresstech Oy, CORUS, Bruker AXS DE diffraction elastic constant; elastic modulus; intergranular stress; neutron diffraction ID ZIRCALOY-2 AB Tensile specimens were machined from heat treated austenitic stainless steel plate prior to and after 70% reduction by uni-directional rolling. In addition to a specimen from the as-received plate, two specimens were cut from the rolled plate, with axes parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction respectively. In situ measurements of the strain response of multiple hkl lattice planes to an applied uniaxial tensile load were made using neutron diffraction. The experimental results are compared with predictions from a self-consistent Hill-Hutchinson model. The measured texture in the plate was approximately 3 times random, however its effect on the hkl response was small compared to the residual strains left by rolling. The apparent elastic modulus and Poisson's ratios of the planes is affected by the residual strains, which is attributed to the effect of micro-plasticity. Interpretation of residual stress measurements is considered in light of these results. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daymond, MR (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Chilton OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. OI Daymond, Mark/0000-0001-6242-7489 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-855-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 347-3 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS06M UT WOS:000168535100009 ER PT S AU Prime, MB Prantil, VC Rangaswamy, P Garcia, FP AF Prime, MB Prantil, VC Rangaswamy, P Garcia, FP BE Bottger, AJ Delhez, R Mittemeijer, EJ TI Residual stress measurement and prediction in a hardened steel ring SO ECRS 5: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 5) CY SEP 28-30, 1999 CL DELFT NOORDWIJKERHOUST, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands chem Soc, Inst Adv Mat Joint Res Ctr, Delft Univ Technol, Philips Analyt B V, Stresstech Oy, CORUS, Bruker AXS DE austenite; carburize; crack compliance; finite element method; harden; martensite; phase transformations; quench; transformation induced plasticity (TRIP); X-ray ID CRACK COMPLIANCE METHOD; IDEAL-PLASTIC PHASES; HOLE-DRILLING METHOD; TRANSFORMATION PLASTICITY; NUMERICAL APPROACH; FINITE-WIDTH; SURFACE; BEHAVIOR; WELDS AB The residual stress profile in a hardened layer of steel was measured and then compared with a finite element prediction. A thick ring made of low alloy gear steel was case hardened by carburization and quenching. The residual hoop stress variation in the 1 mm thick hardened layer was measured using the crack compliance method, in which surface strains are measured as an axial slot is incrementally extended from the outer surface inward using wire electric discharge machining (EDM). The surface residual stresses were also measured using x-ray diffraction. The results compared very well with finite element predictions using DANTE, a heat treatment simulation software package interfacing with the finite element code ABAQUS. The heat treatment cycle is simulated in an uncoupled serial analysis of carburization by diffusion, quenching by conduction and convection including phase transformation kinetics, and finally a structural analysis incorporating TRansformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP), Accurate residual stress profiles require detailed knowledge of the heat transfer coefficients of the quench media as well as alloy-dependent descriptions for phase transformation kinetics and TRIP strains. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Prime, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-855-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 347-3 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS06M UT WOS:000168535100036 ER PT S AU Parker, RB Brown, DW Rangaswamy, P AF Parker, RB Brown, DW Rangaswamy, P BE Bottger, AJ Delhez, R Mittemeijer, EJ TI Residual stresses in an Inconel-718-Clad Tungsten tube processed by Hot Iso-Static Pressing SO ECRS 5: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 5) CY SEP 28-30, 1999 CL DELFT NOORDWIJKERHOUST, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands chem Soc, Inst Adv Mat Joint Res Ctr, Delft Univ Technol, Philips Analyt B V, Stresstech Oy, CORUS, Bruker AXS DE FEA; FEM; finite element; HIP; Hot Isostatic Pressing; residual stresses; X-ray diffraction; XRD AB We have completed a comparative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) study of Inconel 718 clad Tungsten tubes, of relevance to the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Because the Inconel cladding must be in intimate contact with the tungsten at operating temperatures, the materials are diffusion bonded by Hot Iso-static Pressing (HIP) at 1080 degreesC. However, the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of inconel 718 and tungsten produce large residual stresses upon cooling. The classical XRD (d vs. sin(2)psi) technique was used to determine the stresses in the outer layer of inconel 718. These results are used to benchmark Finite Element Analysis (FEA) calculations, and a direct comparison is made in this paper. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Parker, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-855-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 347-3 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS06M UT WOS:000168535100037 ER PT S AU Wang, JA AF Wang, JA BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Analysis of irradiation data for A302B and A533B correlation monitor materials SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE radiation embrittlement; power reactor; database; LWR; reference materials AB The results of Charpy V-notch impact tests for A302B and A533B-1 Correlation Monitor Materials (CMM) listed in the surveillance power reactor database (PR-EDB) and material test reactor database (TR-EDB) are analyzed. The shift of the transition temperature at 30 ft-1b (T-30) is considered as the primary measure of radiation embrittlement in this paper. The hyperbolic tangent fitting model and uncertainty of the fitting parameters for Charpy impact tests are presented. For the surveillance CMM data, the transition temperature shifts at 30 ft-lb (Delta T-30) generally follow the predictions provided by Regulatory Guide 1.99, Revision 2, (R.G. 1.99/2) and draft E900-98. Difference in capsule temperatures is a likely explanation for large deviations from R.G. 1.99/2 and ASTM E900-98. Deviations from the R.G. 1.99/2 predictions are correlated to similar deviations for the accompanying materials in the same capsules, but large random fluctuations prevent precise quantitative determination. Significant scatter is noted in the surveillance data. The major contributions to the uncertainty of the prediction models, and the overall data scatter, are from mechanical test results, chemical analysis, difference in effective copper content resulting from the different post weld heat treatment, irradiation environments, fluence evaluation, and inhomogeneous material properties. Thus the prediction model can be improved if the above-mentioned error sources are controlled. In general, the embrittlement behavior of both the A302B and A533B-1 plate materials is similar. There is evidence for a flux effect in the CMM data irradiated in test reactors; thus its implication for power reactor surveillance programs deserves special attention. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 33 EP 55 DI 10.1520/STP12380S PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700003 ER PT S AU Iskander, SK Nanstead, RK McCabe, DE Swain, RL AF Iskander, SK Nanstead, RK McCabe, DE Swain, RL BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Effects of irradiation on crack-arrest toughness of a low upper-shelf energy, high-copper weld SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE low upper-shelf energy weld; crack arrest; fracture toughness; irradiation; nil-ductility transition temperature; NDT; radiation damage; reactor pressure vessel steels; transition temperature shift AB The crack-arrest fracture toughness (K-a) of unirradiated and irradiated specimens machined from a low upper-shelf, high-copper weld was determined. The specimens were machined from the beltline weld of the Midland Unit 1 nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV). This weld was fabricated from one heat of weld win and one lot of welding flux and bears the designation WF-70. It is of particular interest because it has been used in several RPVs that may still be in operation. The effect of irradiation has been measured in terms of the shift of the mean and lower-bound crack-arrest fracture toughness versus temperature cut-yes. These shifts are compared to (1) 41-J transition temperature shift from Charpy V-notch (CVN) tests, Delta TT41-J; (2) shift in the Master Curve transition temperature, T-0, at the 100 MPa.root m level, Delta T-0; and (3) shift of the "arrest force" F-a temperature determined from instrumented CVN testing, Delta TFa. Preliminary results indicate that the shift of K-a of this low upper-shelf energy weld is approximately the same as the shift Delta TT41-J, larger than Delta T-0, and significantly larger than Delta TFa. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Iskander, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 245 EP 265 DI 10.1520/STP12394S PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700017 ER PT S AU McCabe, DE Nanstad, RK Sokolov, MA AF McCabe, DE Nanstad, RK Sokolov, MA BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Effects of irradiation and thermal annealing on fracture toughness of the midland reactor weld WF-70 SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE T-o; master curve; ASTM Standard E 1921; transition range; toughness; Weibull; pressure vessel steels AB The influence of irradiation damage and recovery of properties by thermal annealing for low upper-shelf WF-70 weld metal has been evaluated. The test material was obtained from the beltline and nozzle course girth welds of the Midland Unit 1 reactor pressure vessel. The two welds, ostensibly made with the same heat of weld wire and the same lot of submerged-are flux, were determined to be separable for evaluations by virtue of differing copper contents. Conventional transition temperature methods of drop-weight nil-ductility transition and Charpy V-notch (CVN) transition curves could not distinguish a difference in transition temperature. However, a recently developed master curve method of data evaluation revealed the difference by virtue of achieving better sensitivity using only fracture mechanics-based test data. Irradiation embrittlement after a fluence of 1.0 x 10(19) n/cm(2) was evaluated by both the conventional American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code method and by the more recent American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) master curve method. Again, the Code method rated the postirradiation transition temperatures of the two materials the same. The master curve method indicated that the postirradiated properties of the two materials differed significantly. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulatory Guide 1.99, Rev. 2, reasonably predicted the experimentally obtained CVN transition temperature shift at the 41 J reference level for the beltline weld. Postirradiation annealing at 454 degrees C (850 degrees F) for 168 h almost completely restored the as-received transition temperature properties. The recovery of the transition temperature compared to unirradiated values after 343 degrees C (650 degrees F for 168-h recovery anneal was 52% by the 1 1 J CVN temperature, which conflicts with the theoretical recovery of 17% calculated by NRC Regulatory Guide 1.162. The Delta T-o from the master curve method indicated 21% recovery of transition temperature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 306 EP 319 DI 10.1520/STP12398S PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700021 ER PT S AU Sokolov, MA Chernobaeva, AA Nanstad, RK Nikolaev, YA Korolev, YN AF Sokolov, MA Chernobaeva, AA Nanstad, RK Nikolaev, YA Korolev, YN BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Irradiation, annealing, and reirradiation effects on American and Russian reactor pressure vessel steels SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE charpy; embrittlement; annealing; reirradiation; reactor pressure vessel AB One of the options to mitigate the effects of irradiation on reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) is to thermally anneal them to restore the toughness properties that have been degraded by neutron irradiation. Even though a postirradiation anneal may be deemed successful, a critical aspect of continued RPV operation is the rate of embrittlement upon reirradiation. There are insufficient data available to allow for verification of available models of reirradiation embrittlement or for the development of a reliable predictive methodology. This is especially true in the case of fracture toughness data. Under the U.S.-Russia Joint Coordinating Committee for Civilian Nuclear Reactor Safety (JCCCNRS), Working Group 3 on Radiation Embrittlement, Structural Integrity, and Life Extension of Reactor Vessels and Supports agreed to conduct a comparative study of annealing and reirradiation effects on RPV steels. The Working Group agreed that each side would irradiate, anneal, reirradiate (if feasible), and test two materials of the other. Charpy V-notch (CVN) and tensile specimens were included. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) conducted such a program (irradiation and annealing, including static fracture toughness) with two weld metals representative of VVER-440 and VVER-1000 RPVs, while the Russian Research Center-Kurchatov Institute (RRC-KI) conducted a program (irradiation, annealing, reirradiation, and reannealing) with Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program Plate 02 and Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation (HSSI) Program Weld 73W. The results for each material from each laboratory are compared with those from the other laboratory. The ORNL experiments with the VVER welds included irradiation to about I x 10(19) n/cm(2) (>1 MeV), while the RRC-KI experiments with the U.S, materials included irradiations from about 2 to 18 x 10(19) n/cm(2) (>1 MeV). In both cases, irradiations were conducted at similar to 290 degrees C and annealing treatments were conducted at similar to 454 degrees C. The ORNL, and RRC-KI experiments have shown generally good agreement for both the Russian and U.S. steels. While recoveries of the Charpy 41-J transition temperatures were substantial in all cases, significantly less recovery of the lateral expansion and shear fracture in some cases (no recovery in one case) deserves further attention. The RRC-KI results for the U.S. steels showed reirradiation embrittlement rates which are conservative relative to the lateral shift prediction based on Charpy impact energy. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sokolov, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 415 EP 434 DI 10.1520/STP12405S PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700028 ER PT S AU Gelles, DS Kimura, A Shibayama, T AF Gelles, DS Kimura, A Shibayama, T BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Analysis of stress-induced Burgers vector anisotropy in pressurized tube specimens of irradiated ferritic-martensitic steels: JFMS and JLF-1 SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE irradiation creep; dislocations; anisotropy; ferritic steel; microstructure AB A procedure for determining the Burgers vector anisotropy in irradiated ferritic steels is described, allowing identification of all a < 100 > and all a/2 < 111 > dislocations in a region of interest. The necessary micrographs to apply the procedure have been taken of a pressurized tube specimen of JFMS, a duplex ferritic steel following irradiation in FFTF/MOTA at 407 degrees C to 7.5 x 10(22) n/cm(2) (E > 0.1 MeV) or 37.5 dpa, and a pressurized tube of JLF-1 irradiated at 430 degrees C under similar conditions to 14.3 x 10(22) n/cm(2) (E > 0.1 MeV) or 60 dpa. Analysis of micrographs indicates that large anisotropy in Burgers vector populations develop during irradiation creep. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gelles, DS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 535 EP 547 DI 10.1520/STP12413S PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700036 ER PT S AU Stoller, RE Greenwood, LR AF Stoller, RE Greenwood, LR BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI An evaluation of neutron energy spectrum effects in iron based on molecular dynamics displacement cascade simulations SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE ferritic steels; modeling; molecular dynamics; point defects; pressure vessels; radiation damage; rate theory ID PRIMARY DAMAGE FORMATION AB The results of molecular dynamics (MD) displacement cascade simulations in bce iron have been used to obtain effective cross sections for two measures of primary damage production: (1) the number of surviving point defects expressed as a fraction of the displacements calculated using the standard secondary displacement model of Norgett, Robinson, and Torrens (NRT), and (2) the fraction of the surviving interstitials contained in clusters that formed during the cascade event. Primary knockon atom spectra for iron obtained from the SPECTER code have been used to weight these MD-based damage production cross sections in order to obtain spectrally-averaged values for several locations in commercial fission reactors and materials test reactors. An evaluation of these results indicates that neutron energy spectrum differences between the various environments do not lead to significant differences between the average primary damage formation parameters. In particular, the defect production cross sections obtained for PWR and BWR neutron spectra were not significantly different. The variation of the defect production cross sections as a function of depth into the reactor pressure vessel wall is used as a sample application of the cross sections. A slight difference between the attenuation behavior of the PWR and BWR was noted; this difference could be explained by a subtle difference in the energy dependence of the neutron spectra. Overall, the simulations support the continued use of dpa as a damage correlation parameter. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 548 EP 559 DI 10.1520/STP12414S PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700037 ER PT S AU Toloczko, MB Garner, FA AF Toloczko, MB Garner, FA BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Reanalysis of smelling and irradiation creep data on 316 type stainless steels irradiated in the FFTF and phenix fast reactors SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE austenitic steels; irradiation creep; swelling; creep coefficients AB In comparing results of irradiation creep experiments conducted by researchers in France and those by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in the United States, quite different values for the creep-swelling coupling coefficient were reported. The differing coefficients complicated the understanding of the growing data base on irradiation creep. However, upon careful consideration, the French and US results showed key differences in experimental technique and analysis. The French and US irradiation creep experiments were conducted with several important differences that were initially thought to be of little consequence. One difference was related to whether stress-free swelling or stress-enhanced swelling was measured and used in calculating the creep strains. Inspection of irradiation creep results published by the French also showed their technique for extracting the creep-swelling coupling coefficient was different than that used by the present authors. In an effort to better understand the origin of the differing creep coefficients, data from the French and US experiments was reanalyzed taking into account these differences. In performing this reanalysis, completely consistent results were obtained. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Toloczko, MB (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 655 EP 666 DI 10.1520/STP12421S PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700044 ER PT S AU Garner, FA Toloczko, MB Puigh, RJ AF Garner, FA Toloczko, MB Puigh, RJ BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI The relationship between swelling and irradiation creep in 20% cold-worked 316 stainless steel SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE stainless steels; neutron irradiation; swelling; irradiation creep ID HIGH NEUTRON FLUENCE; EXPOSURES AB The relationship between swelling and irradiation creep was investigated using eight sets of pressurized tubes, representing two heats of 20% cold-worked 316 stainless steel irradiated at either 550 degrees C, 575 degrees C, 600 degrees C, and 670 degrees C in the FFTF-MOTA to doses of 79-83 dpa. After reaching these exposures, the tubes were clearly being affected by the "creep cessation" phenomenon. Many of the tubes had already reached the previously observed maximum strain rate of 0.33%/dpa characteristic of creep cessation. Fortuitous failure of fourteen tubes allowed the separation of creep and swelling strains in the creep cessation regime, showing that the maximum strain rate limitation was reached long before the maximum swelling rate of 1%/dpa was reached. Thus, the creep contribution was declining as the swelling rate increased throughout the irradiation. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 667 EP 678 DI 10.1520/STP12422S PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700045 ER PT S AU Allen, TR Busby, JT Gan, J Kenik, EA Was, GS AF Allen, TR Busby, JT Gan, J Kenik, EA Was, GS BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI The correlation between swelling and radiation-induced segregation in iron-chromium-nickel alloys SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE void swelling; radiation-induced segregation; austenitic steels ID CR-NI ALLOYS; IRRADIATED AUSTENITIC ALLOYS; VOID NUCLEATION; DEPENDENCE AB The magnitudes of both void swelling and radiation-induced segregation (RIS) in austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloys are dependent on bulk alloy composition. In this work, the resistance to swelling from major element segregation is estimated and alloys with greater nickel enrichment and fast-developing segregation profiles are shown to be less prone to swelling. In austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloys, the total swelling depends on the duration of the transient swelling period that precedes steady-state swelling. A longer transient swelling period leads to less overall swelling for the same irradiation dose. The duration of this transient period depends on the void nucleation rate which is determined directly by the average vacancy diffusivity and indirectly by the magnitude of the segregation to the void surface. Alloys with faster vacancy diffusion have a slower void nucleation rate, a longer transient swelling period, and less swelling. Radiation-induced segregation affects swelling by decreasing the vacancy flux to the void. Because the diffusivity of nickel via the vacancy flux is slow relative to chromium, nickel enriches and chromium depletes at void surfaces during irradiation in all austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloys. This local composition change reduces the subsequent vacancy flux to the voids, increasing the bulk point defect recombination rate, reducing the bulk vacancy concentration, which further reduces the nucleation rate and swelling. Alloys that display the greatest amount of nickel enrichment and chromium depletion are found to be most resistant to void swelling, as predicted from both void nucleation and void growth considerations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Allen, TR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 739 EP 755 DI 10.1520/STP12428S PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700051 ER PT S AU Garner, FA Black, CA AF Garner, FA Black, CA BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI The question of saturation of void swelling in Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic alloys SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic alloys; void swelling; neutron irradiation; saturation AB Whereas in earlier publications it appeared that a possible saturation of neutron-induced void swelling might be developing at temperatures of 400 and 427 degrees C in annealed Fe-Cr-Ni model alloys in a manner that was dependent on composition, data obtained at higher neutron exposures in EBR-II have led to the conclusion that such an expectation was erroneous. At all temperatures in the range 400-650 degrees C, the neutron-induced swelling eventually reaches similar to 1%/dpa and continues to very high swelling levels thereafter without any hint of saturation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 767 EP 777 DI 10.1520/STP12430S PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700053 ER PT S AU Garner, FA Porollo, SI Vorobjev, AN Konobeev, YV Dvoriashin, AM Krigan, VM Budylkin, NI Mironova, EG AF Garner, FA Porollo, SI Vorobjev, AN Konobeev, YV Dvoriashin, AM Krigan, VM Budylkin, NI Mironova, EG BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Void-induced swelling and embrittlement in the Russian EI-847 stainless steel at PWR-relevant end-of-life conditions SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE stainless steels; void swelling; embrittlement; PWRs; neutron irradiation AB Void swelling has been proposed to eventually reach significant levels in some austenitic internals at PWR end-of-life conditions. A prevailing perception based on previously published data from fast reactors is that swelling will never reach significant levels at temperatures in the 330-372 degrees C range, even at the 80-90 dpa level anticipated in PWR baffle-former components after 40 years of operation. Fast reactor data are presented in this paper that show that this perception is incorrect, at least for a niobium-stabilized 16Cr-15Ni steel used in Russian reactors for applications where 316 would be used in Western reactors. As a result of the large swelling levels reached in some cases, the steel becomes very brittle, as expected from fast reactor experience. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 874 EP 883 DI 10.1520/STP12438S PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700061 ER PT S AU Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Hankin, GL Faulkner, RG Toloczko, MB AF Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Hankin, GL Faulkner, RG Toloczko, MB BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Neutron-induced evolution of mechanical properties of 20% cold-worked 316 stainless steel as observed in both miniature tensile and TEM shear punch specimens SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE 316 stainless steel; neutron irradiation; tensile properties; shear punch AB Three heats of 20% cold worked 316 stainless steel were irradiated in the Materials Open Test Assembly of the Fast Flux Test Facility producing data at three or four irradiation increments to doses ranging from 12 to 88 dpa. There were five irradiation temperatures ranging from 400 to 730 degrees C. The specimens were in two forms, standard TEM microscopy disks and miniature tensile specimens, irradiated side by side. The tensile specimens were tested at room temperature, and the TEM disks were subjected to a shear punch test, also at room temperature. Both methods yielded very similar results, showing that the mechanical properties of these steels quickly approached and then maintained saturation levels of yield strength. The saturation levels were only slightly dependent on heat identity, but were strongly dependent on irradiation temperature. Ductility decreased with increasing exposure, however. It was shown that the tensile and shear punch data can be well-correlated with simple expressions that reflect the differences in stress state and physical constraints of the two techniques. This allows the application of the shear punch technique to situations where steep neutron flux or gamma heating gradients, insufficient irradiated material or insufficient reactor volume prevent the use of even small tensile specimens. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hamilton, ML (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 1003 EP 1017 DI 10.1520/STP12447S PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700070 ER PT S AU Gelles, DS Donne, MD Kawamura, H Ohnuki, S Scaffidi-Argentina, F AF Gelles, DS Donne, MD Kawamura, H Ohnuki, S Scaffidi-Argentina, F BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Microstructural examination of irradiated beryllium pebbles SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE beryllium; microstructure; bubbles; neutron irradiation AB Commercially available beryllium pebbles have been irradiated to approximately 4x10(22) n/cm(2) (E > 0.1 MeV) at 380 degrees C in the EBR-II. Microstructural examination has now been performed on pebbles 3 mm in diameter manufactured by Brush Wellman, USA and contained in that experiment. This paper describes optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy of these pebbles. It was found that the major effect of irradiation was formation of small, highly non-equiaxed bubbles. The bubbles were thin disk shapes lying on the basal plane. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gelles, DS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 1051 EP 1061 DI 10.1520/STP12451S PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700074 ER PT S AU Greenwood, LR Oliver, BM Gelles, DS Baldwin, DL Donne, MD Kawamura, H Scaffidi-Argentina, F AF Greenwood, LR Oliver, BM Gelles, DS Baldwin, DL Donne, MD Kawamura, H Scaffidi-Argentina, F BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Measurement and calculation of helium generation in beryllium pebbles irradiated in EBR-II SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE helium measurements; helium release; beryllium AB Beryllium pebbles are being evaluated for their potential use as a neutron multiplier in fusion power reactors. Commercially available pebbles were irradiated in the Experimental Breeder Reactor II to study property changes and gas production. Helium production rates from fast neutron irradiation are significantly higher in beryllium than in other metals due to the low neutron energy threshold and large (n,2n)2 alpha nuclear cross section. Furthermore, the Be-9(n,alpha)He-6(beta) reaction breeds Li-6, which has a high thermal neutron cross section for producing helium and tritium. Calculations of helium and tritium production were performed based on neutron dosimetry measurements. Stepped-anneal and total helium release measurements were conducted on single and multiple beryllium pebbles, from two different suppliers, Brush Wellman and Nippon Gashi Co.-Japan. The measurements were conducted to determine the total helium content for comparison with predictions, and to determine the helium release characteristics as a function of time and temperature. These data are required for fusion reactor design. Sequential helium analyses were conducted over a temperature range from 500 degrees C to 1100 degrees C in approximately 100 degrees C steps. Observed helium release in both beryllium lots was nonlinear with time at each temperature interval with each step being characterized by a rapid initial release rate, followed by a gradual slowing of the rate over time. Fractional helium release as a function of temperature was observed to be substantially different for the two lots. Comparisons of the measured and calculated total helium production in the beryllium agree within +/-5%. This agreement validates our understanding of the reaction mechanisms, nuclear cross sections, and neutron dosimetry results, thereby demonstrating that we can confidently predict helium generation and release characteristics for the design of fusion reactors. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greenwood, LR (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 1062 EP 1074 DI 10.1520/STP12452S PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700075 ER PT S AU Oliver, BM Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Sommer, WF Maloy, SA Ferguson, PD AF Oliver, BM Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Sommer, WF Maloy, SA Ferguson, PD BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Helium/hydrogen measurements in high-energy proton-irradiated tungsten SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE helium measurements; hydrogen measurements; Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT); hydrogen release; helium release; tungsten targets; Alloy 718 ID HELIUM AB To provide structural material design data for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project, a 1 mA, 800 MeV proton beam at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) was used to irradiate a large number of metal samples, including a tungsten target similar to that being considered as the neutron source for the tritium production. The maximum proton fluence to the tungsten target was similar to 10(21) protons/cm(2). An unavoidable byproduct of spallation reactions is the formation of large amounts of hydrogen and helium. Postulated off normal conditions for APT would result in target temperatures approaching 1200 degrees C. The use of tungsten target rods clad with Alloy 718 raises concerns as to the amount and rate of release of these gases under such off normal conditions, with the major concern being pressurization and possible failure of the cladding. To address these issues, portions of the LANSCE tungsten rods were heated to temperatures up to 1200 degrees C, and the time-dependent evolution of helium and hydrogen gas was measured. Stepped-anneal and total helium/hydrogen measurements were conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) on multiple samples of the tungsten material. Helium measurements were conducted using a high-sensitivity magnetic-sector isotope-dilution helium analysis system. Stepped-anneal measurements were conducted at temperatures from 25 degrees C to 1600 degrees C in similar to 100 degrees C steps. Total helium measurements were conducted by rapid vaporization after completion of the stepped-anneal process, and are compared with Monte Carlo calculations performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) using the LAHET code system. Hydrogen measurements were conducted between 750 degrees C and 1200 degrees C using a high-temperature furnace that had been extensively modified for the application. Hydrogen detection was accomplished by periodic sampling of the furnace gas using a separate quadrupole analyzer. Hydrogen measurements are also compared with LANL calculations. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Oliver, BM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009; OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319; Ferguson, Phillip/0000-0002-7661-4223 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 1109 EP 1121 DI 10.1520/STP12456S PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700079 ER PT J AU Fausett, B Granger, MC Hupert, ML Wang, J Swain, GM Gruen, DM AF Fausett, B Granger, MC Hupert, ML Wang, J Swain, GM Gruen, DM TI The electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline diamond thin-films deposited from C-60/argon and methane/nitrogen gas mixtures SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline diamond thin-film; atomic force microscopy; potassium ferrocyanide; hexamineruthenium chloride; methyl viologen; 4-tert-butylcatechol; ferric sulfate ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER KINETICS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR DIAMOND; MICROWAVE-PLASMA; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; OXIDATION; ADDITIONS AB Nanocrystalline diamond thin-films have been synthesized in CH4/Ar (argon) and CH4/N-2 gas mixtures without the addition of molecular hydrogen. Atomic force microscopy analysis demonstrates that the C-60/Ar films consist of hemispherical features about 150 run in diameter with a height of 20 nm. The mean roughness over a 2 x 2 mu m(2) area, based on feature height analysis, is 50 +/- 8 nm. The voltammetric response of these films in the presence of Fe(Ch)(6)(-3)/(-4), Ru(NH3)(6)(+2)/(+3), methyl viologen and 4-tert-butylcatechol is similar to that expected for high quality microcrystalline diamond. The results indicate that the nanocrystalline films are active without any conventional pretreatment, and possess semimetallic electronic properties over a potential range from 0.5 to -1.5 V (vs. SCE). Nanocrystalline diamond thin-films produced from CH4/N-2 mixtures are rougher than the C-60/Ar films, and possess electrochemical properties more closely resembling glassy carbon. The charge carrier concentration in both types of films is believed to result mainly from the sp(2) carbon in the grain boundaries. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Swain, GM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Swain, Greg/B-3023-2010; OI Swain, Greg/0000-0001-6498-8351; Granger, Michael/0000-0002-2385-6413 NR 42 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD JAN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(20000101)12:1<7::AID-ELAN7>3.0.CO;2-# PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 274HE UT WOS:000084759600002 ER PT J AU Vaughey, JT O'Hara, J Thackeray, MM AF Vaughey, JT O'Hara, J Thackeray, MM TI Intermetallic insertion electrodes with a zinc blende-type structure for Li Batteries: A study of LixInSb (0 <= x <= 3) SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM AB The intermetallic compound InSb with a zinc blende-type (diamond) structure has been investigated as a host structure for lithium. After one break-in cycle, it appears that lithium can be inserted electrochemically into the structure in a two-step process to the approximate composition Li2InSb. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that further lithiation of Li2InSb displaces In from the structure to yield a closely related Li3Sb-type structure. The electrochemical reaction that occurs between 1.2 and 0.5 V is reversible. The cubic unit cell expands isotropically by only 5.6% upon Li insertion to the end-member Li2+xIn1-xSb at x approximate to 0.5. This finding has implications for developing commercially attractive intermetallic insertion electrodes with zinc blende-type structures for lithium-ion batteries. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(99)09-014-8. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vaughey, JT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 NR 14 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 3 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 255RH UT WOS:000083683600005 ER PT J AU Aroutiounian, VM Arakelyan, VM Shahnazaryan, GE Stepanyan, GM Turner, JA Kocha, SS AF Aroutiounian, VM Arakelyan, VM Shahnazaryan, GE Stepanyan, GM Turner, JA Kocha, SS TI Investigations of the Fe1.99Ti0.01O3-electrolyte interface SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE impedance; semiconductor; Fe1.99Ti0.01O3; interface; equivalent circuit AB The Fe1.99Ti0.01O3-electrolyte interface is investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The analysis of the frequency dispersion of the real and imaginary parts of the complex impedance at various electrode potentials allows us to define the equivalent circuit for the electrochemical cell and calculate its associated parameters. The capacitance of the space-charge layer in the semiconductor electrode is isolated, and the limiting step of the electrode process is determined. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yerevan State Univ, Dept Phys Semiconduct, Yerevan 375049, Armenia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Aroutiounian, VM (reprint author), Yerevan State Univ, Dept Phys Semiconduct, 1 Alek Manookian St, Yerevan 375049, Armenia. RI Kocha, Shyam/E-4347-2010 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1999 EP 2005 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00421-1 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 289ET UT WOS:000085608100014 ER PT J AU Markovic, NM Ross, PN AF Markovic, NM Ross, PN TI Electrocatalysts by design: from the tailored surface to a commercial catalyst SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Electrocatalysis Meeting (ECS 99) CY 1999 CL PORTOROZ, SLOVENIA SP Republic Slovenia, Minist Sci & Technol, Oronzio De Nora Fdn, Asah Glass Co Ltd DE electrocatalysts; tailor-made surface; Pt alloys ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; OXYGEN REDUCTION; H-2/CO MIXTURES; ACID-SOLUTIONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; ELECTRODE SURFACES; ADLAYER STRUCTURES; PT(111) SURFACE AB We review recent work from our laboratory on a materials-by-design approach to the development of new electrocatalysts. Model systems like the Pt(lll) single crystal electrode and well-characterized Pt alloys are studied to create a link between the microscopic level of understanding the bonding and reactivity of adsorbates and the macroscopic measurements of kinetic rate and thermodynamic properties of the reacting system. The knowledge is then used to create tailor-made surfaces, usually using UHV surface processing techniques, having the required microscopic structure to produce the desired catalytic properties. Finally, after optimizing the tailor-made surface, the real-life catalyst is synthesized using chemistry that recreates, to the greatest extend possible, the tailor-made surface. We have demonstrated the successful development of a new GO-tolerant catalyst using this strategy. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mail Stop 2-100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 63 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 45 IS 25-26 BP 4101 EP 4115 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00526-0 PG 15 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 358HC UT WOS:000089551700004 ER PT J AU Adzic, RR Wang, JX AF Adzic, RR Wang, JX TI Structure and inhibition effects of anion adlayers during the course of O-2 reduction SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Electrocatalysis Meeting (ECS 99) CY 1999 CL PORTOROZ, SLOVENIA SP Republic Slovenia, Minist Sci & Technol, Oronzio De Nora Fdn, Asah Glass Co Ltd DE oxygen reduction; bromide adlayers; silver electrodes; gold electrodes; platinum electrodes; surface X-ray diffraction ID PT(111) ELECTRODE SURFACE; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ADSORPTION; BROMIDE; TRANSITION; AU(100) AB Structures of Br adlayers were determined on the Ag(100), Au(100) and Pt(111) electrode surfaces during the course of O-2 reduction by using synchrotron surface X-ray scattering techniques and correlated with the O-2 reduction activity obtained from rotating disk electrode measurements. On Ag(100), the c(2 x 2) Br adlayer, precludes the O-2 adsorption in 'bridge' configuration, and the O-2 reduction current resulting solely from adsorption in the "end-on' configuration through the four-fold symmetry holes in the c(2 x 2) Br lattice is observed at large overpotentials. On Au(100), O-2 reduction is completely inhibited by the c(root 2 x 2 root 2)R45 degrees phase. The reaction takes place only at potentials negative of the low potential limit of the existence of that phase. O-2 reduction is also completely blocked by the commensurate (3 x 3) Br adlayer on Pt(111) at high potentials. Below 0.5 V, the ordered phase vanishes and O-2 reduction takes place. Adsorbed disordered Br adions change the mechanism of O-2 reduction on Pt(111) into a 2e-reaction. O-2 affects the stability of ordered Hr adlayer on Pt(111), but not on Ag(100) and Au(100). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Adzic, RR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 45 IS 25-26 BP 4203 EP 4210 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 358HC UT WOS:000089551700015 ER PT J AU Siemoneit, K Reineke-Koch, R Meier, A Memming, R AF Siemoneit, K Reineke-Koch, R Meier, A Memming, R TI Fast processes at semiconductor-liquid interfaces: reactions at GaAs electrodes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Gerischer Symposium on Semiconductor Electrochemistry CY JUN 23-25, 1999 CL FRITZ HABER INST, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesess HO FRITZ HABER INST DE semiconductor; liquid; GaAs electrodes ID TRANSFER RATE CONSTANTS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; REDOX COUPLES; SELF-EXCHANGE; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSFER DYNAMICS; SOLVENT; KINETICS; DEPENDENCE; JUNCTIONS AB The kinetics of charge transfer processes between GaAs and various metallocenes in acetonitrile (ACN) have been studied. The oxidized as well as the reduced species are adsorbed at the GaAs surface. A model for the overall electron transfer process was derived that incorporates the adsorption of the redox system. The analysis of impedance spectra showed that the electron transfer from the conduction band of GaAs to the acceptor is extremely fast and that the overall rate of electron transfer is limited by the rate of thermionic emission from the GaAs bulk region to the surface. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Solarenergieforsch GMBH, D-30165 Hannover, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Memming, R (reprint author), Wildbret 3, D-25462 Rellingen, Germany. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 45 IS 28 BP 4577 EP 4589 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00609-5 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 374RC UT WOS:000165357300006 ER PT S AU Modine, FA AF Modine, FA BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS TI Composite dielectric materials for electrical switching SO ELECTRONIC CERAMIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Dielectric Ceramics held at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 25-28, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CARBON AB Composites that consist of a dielectric host containing a particulate conductor as a second phase are of interest for electrical switching applications. Such composites are "smart" materials that can function as either voltage or current limiters, and the difference in function depends largely upon whether the dielectric is filled to below or above the percolation threshold. It also is possible to combine current and voltage limiting in a single composite to make a "super-smart" material. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Modine, FA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-098-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2000 VL 106 BP 395 EP 404 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85X UT WOS:000183415600037 ER PT S AU Wills, JM Eriksson, O Alouani, M Price, DL AF Wills, JM Eriksson, O Alouani, M Price, DL BE Dreysse, H TI Full-potential LMTO total energy and force calculations SO ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS: THE USES OF THE LMTO METHOD SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Electronic Structure and Physical Properties of Solids CY OCT 02-05, 1998 CL MONT ST ODILE, FRANCE ID TIN-ORBITAL METHOD; PRESSURE; SURFACES; PHASES; CO AB The essential features of a full potential electronic structure method using Linear Muffin-Tin Orbitals (LMTOs) are presented. The electron density and potential in the this method are represented with no inherent geometrical approximation. This method allows the calculation of total energies and forces with arbitrary accuracy while sacrificing much of the efficiency and physical content of approximate methods such as the LMTO-ASA method. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wills, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Alouani, Mebarek/A-9101-2011 OI Alouani, Mebarek/0000-0002-7985-5276 NR 22 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-67238-9 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2000 VL 535 BP 148 EP 167 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BQ50P UT WOS:000088540000004 ER PT J AU Alarie, JP Jacobson, SC Culbertson, CT Ramsey, JM AF Alarie, JP Jacobson, SC Culbertson, CT Ramsey, JM TI Effects of the electric field distribution on microchip valving performance SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE microchip; electric field; valving performance; sample loading; dispensing schemes ID OPEN-CHANNEL ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATIONS; CHIPS; SYSTEMS; DEVICE AB Valving characteristics on microfluidic devices were controlled through manipulation of the electric field strengths during both the sample loading and dispensing steps. Three sample loading profiles for the constant volume valve (pinched injection) in conjunction with four dispensing schemes were investigated to study valving performance. The sample confinement profiles for the sample loading step consisted of a weakly pinched sample, a medium pinched sample, and a strongly pinched sample. Four dispensing schemes varied the electric field strengths in the sample and sample waste channels relative to the analysis channel to control the volume of the sample dispensed from the valve. The axial extent of the sample plug decreased as the electric field strengths in the sample and sample waste channels were raised relative to the analysis channel. In addition, a trade-off existed between sample plug length and sensitivity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ramsey, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(20000101)21:1<100::AID-ELPS100>3.3.CO;2-G PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 279VM UT WOS:000085065800011 PM 10634475 ER PT J AU Wen, J Lin, YH Xiang, F Matson, DW Udseth, HR Smith, RD AF Wen, J Lin, YH Xiang, F Matson, DW Udseth, HR Smith, RD TI Microfabricated isoelectric focusing device for direct electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE microchip; electrospray ionization; isoelectric focusing; proteins; mass spectrometry ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; MICROCHIP DEVICES; DNA; MICRODIALYSIS; SEPARATIONS; FRAGMENT; SYSTEMS AB A novel microfabricated device for isoelectric focusing (IEF) incorporating an optimized electrospray ionization (ESI) tip was constructed on polycarbonate plates using laser micromachining. The IEF microchip incorporated a separation channel (50 mu x 30 mu x 16 cm), three fluid connectors, and two buffer reservoirs. Electrical potentials used for IEF focusing and electrospray were applied through platinum electrodes placed in the buffer reservoirs, which were isolated from the separation channel by porous membranes. Direct ESI-mass spectrometry (MS) using electrosprays produced directly from a sharp emitter "tip" on the microchip was evaluated. The results indicated that this design can produce a stable electrospray and that performance was further improved and made more flexible with the assistance of a sheath gas and sheath liquid. Error analysis of the spectral data showed that the standard deviation in signal intensity for an analyte peak was less than similar to 5% over 3 h. The production of stable electrosprays directly from microchip IEF device represents a step towards easily fabricated microanalytical devices. Microchannel IEF separations of protein mixtures were demonstrated for uncoated polycarbonate microchips. Direct microchannel IEF-ESI-MS was demonstrated using the microfabricated chip with an ion-trap mass spectrometer for characterization of protein mixtures. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Mail Stop K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 37 TC 128 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(20000101)21:1<191::AID-ELPS191>3.0.CO;2-M PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 279VM UT WOS:000085065800023 PM 10634487 ER PT S AU Tichenor, DA Kubiak, GD Replogle, WC Klebanoff, LE Wronosky, JB Hale, LC Chapman, HN Taylor, JS Folta, JA Montcalm, C Hudyma, RM Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P AF Tichenor, DA Kubiak, GD Replogle, WC Klebanoff, LE Wronosky, JB Hale, LC Chapman, HN Taylor, JS Folta, JA Montcalm, C Hudyma, RM Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P BE Dobisz, EA TI EUV engineering test stand SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies IV Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUVL; lithography; multilayers coatings; optical fabrication; optical design; laser-produced plasma; laser plasma source; maglev; magnetic levitation; stages; precision engineering ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; OPTICS AB The Engineering Test Stand (ETS) is an EUV laboratory lithography tool. The purpose of the ETS is to demonstrate EUV full-field imaging and provide data required to support production-tool development. The ETS is configured to separate the imaging system and stages from the illumination system. Environmental conditions can be controlled independently in the two modules to maximize EUV throughput and environmental control. A source of 13.4 nm radiation is provided by a laser plasma source in which a YAG laser beam is focused onto a xenon-cluster target. A condenser system, comprised of multilayer-coated mirrors and grazing-incidence mirrors, collects the EUV radiation and directs it onto a reflecting reticle. A four-mirror, ring-field optical system, having a numerical aperture of 0.1, projects a 4x-reduction image onto the wafer plane. This design corresponds to a resolution of 70nm at a k(1) of 0.52. The ETS is designed to produce full-field images in step-and-scan mode using vacuum-compatible, one-dimension-long-travel magnetically levitated stages for both reticle and wafer. Reticle protection is incorporated into the ETS design. This paper provides a system overview of the ETS design and specifications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tichenor, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3615-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3997 BP 48 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.390083 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ69Y UT WOS:000089217900005 ER PT S AU Fornaciari, NR Chang, JJ Folk, DR Gianoulakis, S Goldsmith, JEM Kubiak, GD Long, BC O'Connell, DJ Shimkaveg, G Silfvast, WT Stewart, KD AF Fornaciari, NR Chang, JJ Folk, DR Gianoulakis, S Goldsmith, JEM Kubiak, GD Long, BC O'Connell, DJ Shimkaveg, G Silfvast, WT Stewart, KD BE Dobisz, EA TI Development of an electric capillary discharge source SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies IV Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUVL; EUV source; plasma discharge source; capillary discharge source ID EUV 10X MICROSTEPPER AB We report on the development of an electric capillary discharge source that radiates with comparable efficiency at both 13.5 nm and 11.4 nm, two wavelengths of interest for EW lithography. The discharge source is comprised of a low-pressure, xenon-filled, small diameter capillary tube with electrodes attached to both ends. A high-voltage electric pulse applied across the capillary tube generates an intense plasma that radiates in the EW. This source is capable of producing 7 mJ/steradian per pulse in a 0.3 nm bandwidth centered at 13.4 nm. fn this paper we will address three significant issues related to the successful development of this source: minimization of debris generation, thermal management, and imaging quality. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fornaciari, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9409, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3615-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3997 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1117/12.390047 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ69Y UT WOS:000089217900012 ER PT S AU Jeong, ST Lai, CW Rekawa, S Walton, CC Bokor, J AF Jeong, ST Lai, CW Rekawa, S Walton, CC Bokor, J BE Dobisz, EA TI Actinic defect counting statistics over 1 cm(2) area of EUVL mask blank SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies IV Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE mask; defect; inspection; roughness; phase defect ID LITHOGRAPHY AB As a continuation of comparison experiments between EUV inspection and visible inspection of defects on EUVL mask blanks, we report on the result of an experiment where the EUV defect inspection tool is used to perform at-wavelength defect counting over 1 cm(2) of EUVL mask blank. Initial EW inspection found five defects over the scanned area and the subsequent optical scattering inspection was able to detect all of the five defects. Therefore, if there are any defects that are only detectable by EUV inspection, the density is lower than the order of unity per cm(2). An upgrade path to substantially increase the overall throughput of the EUV inspection system is also identified in the manuscript. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jeong, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3615-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3997 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.1117/12.390080 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ69Y UT WOS:000089217900042 ER PT S AU Walton, CC Kearney, PA Mirkarimi, PB Bowers, JM Cerjan, C Warrick, AL Wilhelmsen, K Fought, E Moore, C Larson, C Baker, S Burkhart, SC Hector, SD AF Walton, CC Kearney, PA Mirkarimi, PB Bowers, JM Cerjan, C Warrick, AL Wilhelmsen, K Fought, E Moore, C Larson, C Baker, S Burkhart, SC Hector, SD BE Dobisz, EA TI Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography - reflective mask technology SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies IV Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography; EUVL; Next Generation Lithography; NGL; mask; multilayer; defect; defect detection; defect mitigation AB EUVL mask blanks consist of a distributed Bragg reflector made of 6.7nm-pitch bi-layers of Mo and Si deposited upon a precision Si or glass substrate. The layer deposition process has been optimized for low defects, by application of a vendor-supplied but highly modified ion-beam sputter deposition system. This system is fully automated using SMIF technology to obtain the lowest possible environmental- and handling-added defect levels. Originally designed to coat 150mm substrates, it was upgraded in July, 1999 to 200 mm and has coated runs of over 50 substrates at a time with median added defects >100nm below 0.05/cm(2). These improvements have resulted from a number of ion-beam sputter deposition system modifications, upgrades, and operational changes, which will be discussed. Success in defect reduction is highly dependent upon defect detection, characterization, and cross-platform positional registration. We have made significant progress in adapting and extending commercial tools to this purpose, and have identified the surface scanner detection limits for different defect classes, and the signatures of false counts and non-printable scattering anomalies on the mask blank. We will present key results and how they have helped reduce added defects. The physics of defect reduction and mitigation is being investigated by a program on multilayer growth over deliberately placed perturbations (defects) of varying size. This program includes modeling of multilayer growth and modeling of defect printability. We developed a technique for depositing uniformly sized gold spheres on EUVL substrates, and have studied the suppression of the perturbations during multilayer growth under varying conditions. This work is key to determining the lower limit of critical defect size for EUV Lithography. We present key aspects of this work. We will summarize progress in all aspects of EUVL mask blank development, and present detailed results on defect reduction and mask blank performance at EUV wavelengths. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Walton, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,Mail Stop L-395, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3615-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3997 BP 496 EP 507 DI 10.1117/12.390088 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ69Y UT WOS:000089217900049 ER PT S AU Dentinger, P Cardinale, G Henderson, C Fisher, A Ray-Chaudhuri, A AF Dentinger, P Cardinale, G Henderson, C Fisher, A Ray-Chaudhuri, A BE Dobisz, EA TI Photoresist film thickness for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies IV Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUVL; photoresists; absorption AB The thickness of the photoresist directly impacts the etch stand off and may impact the number of defects in the spin-coated film. However, the maximum imaging layer thickness for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is limited by absorption of the radiation. Attenuation in photoresist materials at relevant EUV wavelengths was calculated with atomic extinction coefficients provided from Henke et al.(1) The calculations indicated that photoresist materials have an optical density (O.D.) of 4.0 mu m(-1) (base e) so that 100 nm thick imaging layers have approximately 67% transmission at 13.4 nm wavelength. Using Prolith/3D(TM) (Finle Technologies, Austin, TX) simulations of the effect of highly attenuating materials on sidewall slope were done and shown to be small. Imaging experiments were performed in a commercially-available DUV resist material on the 10xII microstepper and with an improved EUV resist formulation. The imaging results agreed well with the calculations. Top down and cross-section images showed good sidewall profiles in 95 nm thick films at the nominal dose because over 68% of the energy was transmitted through the film. When the thickness of the film was increased, the dose was increased slightly to compensate for the absorption while good sidewall profiles and linearity were maintained. Photoresist thicknesses as high as 145 nm were imaged with a 35% increase in dose. Results are also shown for a single layer resist exposed at 175 nm thickness with only slight sidewall degradation. It is shown that the imaging layer thickness for 13.4 nm lithography is likely to be 120 +/- 15 nm. If 11.4 nm wavelength radiation is chosen for EUV lithography, it is shown that thicknesses of 170 Mm is possible. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dentinger, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3615-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3997 BP 588 EP 599 DI 10.1117/12.390098 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ69Y UT WOS:000089217900059 ER PT S AU Mrowka, S Underwood, JH Gullikson, E Batson, P AF Mrowka, S Underwood, JH Gullikson, E Batson, P BE Dobisz, EA TI A laser produced plasma based reflectometer for EUV metrology SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies IV Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE laser produced plasma; EUV reflectometer AB An EUV/ soft x-ray reflectometer is described which is based on a laser produced plasma source. Continuous wavelength scans in the range 4nm to 40nm are possible using a spherical grating monochromator. Focusing optics enable sub-millimeter illumination spot sizes to be achieved at the sample. Rotation and translation stages allow measurements to be made from grazing incidence to 85 degrees on samples as large as 200mm diameter. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mrowka, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3615-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3997 BP 819 EP 822 DI 10.1117/12.390124 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ69Y UT WOS:000089217900086 ER PT S AU Lee, SH Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Cho, CH Bokor, J AF Lee, SH Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Cho, CH Bokor, J BE Dobisz, EA TI EUV Holographic aerial image recording SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies IV Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUV lithography; holography; aerial image recording; lensless Fourier-transform holography; phase-shifting point diffraction interferometry AB 100-nm-resolution holographic aerial image monitoring based on lensless Fourier-transform holography at EUV wavelengths using a synchrotron-based source is described. This method can be used to monitor the coherent imaging performance of EW lithographic optical systems. The system has been implemented in the EUV phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Here we introduce the idea of the holographic aerial image recording technique and present imaging performance characterization results of an EW 10x-reduction Schwarzschild objective. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3615-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3997 BP 823 EP 828 DI 10.1117/12.390125 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ69Y UT WOS:000089217900087 ER PT S AU Wronosky, JB Smith, TG Craig, MJ Sturgis, BR Darnold, JR Werling, DK Kincy, MA Tichenor, DA Williams, ME Bischoff, P AF Wronosky, JB Smith, TG Craig, MJ Sturgis, BR Darnold, JR Werling, DK Kincy, MA Tichenor, DA Williams, ME Bischoff, P BE Dobisz, EA TI Wafer and reticle positioning system for the Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Engineering Test Stand SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies IV Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUVL; maglev; stages; lithography; positioning system AB This paper is an overview of the wafer and reticle positioning system of the Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) Engineering Test Stand (ETS). EUVL represents one of the most promising technologies for supporting the integrated circuit (IC) industry's lithography needs for critical features below 100nm. EUVL research and development includes development of capabilities for demonstrating key EUV technologies. The ETS is under development at the EW Virtual National Laboratory, to demonstrate EUV full-field imaging and provide data that supports production-tool development. The stages and their associated metrology operate in a vacuum environment and must meet stringent outgassing specifications. A tight tolerance is placed on the stage tracking performance to minimize image distortion and provide high position repeatability. The wafer must track the reticle with less than +/-3nm of position error and jitter must not exceed 10nm rms. To meet these performance requirements, magnetically levitated positioning stages utilizing a system of sophisticated control electronics will be used. System modeling and experimentation have contributed to the development of the positioning system and results indicate that desired ETS performance is achievable. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wronosky, JB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3615-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3997 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1117/12.390126 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ69Y UT WOS:000089217900088 ER PT S AU Gianoulakis, S Craig, MJ Ray-Chaudhuri, AK AF Gianoulakis, S Craig, MJ Ray-Chaudhuri, AK BE Dobisz, EA TI Experimental validation of a thermal model used to predict the image placement error of a scanned EUVL reticle SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies IV Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH AB Lithographic masks must maintain dimensional stability during exposure in a lithographic tool to minimize subsequent overlay errors. In extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), multilayer coatings are deposited on a mask substrate to make the mask surface reflective at EUV wavelengths. About 40% of the incident EUV light is absorbed by the multilayer coating which leads to a temperature rise. The choice of mask substrate material and absorber affects the magnitude of thermal distortion. Finite element modeling has been used to investigate potential mask materials and to explore the efficiency of various thermal management strategies. An experimental program was conducted to validate the thermal models used to predict the performance of EUV reticles. The experiments closely resembled actual conditions expected within the EUV tool. A reticle instrumented with temperature sensors was mounted on a scanning stage with an electrostatic chuck. An actively cooled isolation plate was mounted in front of the reticle for thermal management. Experimental power levels at the reticle corresponding to production throughput levels were utilized in the experiments. Both silicon and low expansion glass reticles were tested. Temperatures were measured at several locations on the reticle and tracked over time as the illuminated reticle was scanned. The experimental results coupled with the predictive modeling capability validates the assertion that the use of a low expansion glass will satisfy image placement error requirements down to the 30nm lithographic node. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Gianoulakis, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3615-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3997 BP 848 EP 854 DI 10.1117/12.390035 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ69Y UT WOS:000089217900090 ER PT S AU Tong, WM Taylor, JS Hector, SD Shell, MM Zhang, GJ Kearney, PA Walton, CC Larson, C Wasson, JR Mangat, P O'Connell, DJ Folk, DR AF Tong, WM Taylor, JS Hector, SD Shell, MM Zhang, GJ Kearney, PA Walton, CC Larson, C Wasson, JR Mangat, P O'Connell, DJ Folk, DR BE Dobisz, EA TI EUVL printing results of a Low Thermal Expansion Material (LTEM) mask SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies IV Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUVL; NGL; mask; CTE; low-thermal expansion ID 10X MICROSTEPPER; LITHOGRAPHY AB Minimizing image placement errors due to thermal distortion of the mask is a key requirement for qualifying EUV Lithography as a Next Generation Lithography(NGL). Employing Low Thermal Expansion Materials (LTEMs) for mask substrates isa viable solution for controlling mask thermal distortion and is being investigated by a wide array of researchers, tool makers, photomask suppliers, and material manufacturers. Finite element modeling has shown that an EUVL mask with a Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of less than 20 ppb/K will meet overlay error budgets for less than or equal to 70 nm lithography at a throughput of 80 wafers per hour. In this paper,we describe the functional differences between today's photomasks and EUVL masks; some of these differences are EUVL specific, while others are natural consequences of the shrinking critical dimension. We demonstrate that a feasible manufacturing pathway exists for Low Thermal Expansion Material (LTEM) EUVL masks by fabricating a wafer-shaped LTEM mask substrate using the same manufacturing steps as for fabricating Si wafers. The LTEM substrate was then coated with Mo/Si multilayers, patterned,and printed using the 10x Microstepper. The images were essentially indistinguishable from those images acquired from masks fabricated from high quality silicon wafers as substrates. Our observations lend further evidence that an LTEM can be used as the EUVL mask substrate material. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tong, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3615-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3997 BP 855 EP 860 DI 10.1117/12.390038 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ69Y UT WOS:000089217900091 ER PT S AU Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Batson, PJ Denham, P Anderson, EH Bokor, J Chapman, HN AF Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Batson, PJ Denham, P Anderson, EH Bokor, J Chapman, HN BE Dobisz, EA TI EUV interferometry of a four-mirror ring-field EUV optical system SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies IV Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE interferometry; extreme ultraviolet lithography; EUV; point-diffraction interferometer; at-wavelength testing ID POINT-DIFFRACTION INTERFEROMETER; LITHOGRAPHY; ACCURACY AB At-wavelength, extreme ultraviolet interferometric measurements of a new, four-mirror, ring-field projection optical system have been made. Designed for operation at 13.4-nm wavelength with a 0.1 numerical aperture and a 26 mm field of view at the wafer, the nearly diffraction-limited wavefront quality of the system has been verified interferometrically. After assembly and alignment with visible-light interferometry, the optic was transported to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory where the at-wavelength testing with a phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer was performed. Measurement of the system wavefront at a number of points across the field of view reveals the optical performance of the system over its large, ring-field imaging area. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3615-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3997 BP 867 EP 873 DI 10.1117/12.390045 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ69Y UT WOS:000089217900093 ER PT B AU Adams, JW Lageraaen, PR Kalb, PD Patel, BR AF Adams, JW Lageraaen, PR Kalb, PD Patel, BR BE Tedder, DW Pohland, FG TI Polyethylene encapsulation of depleted uranium trioxide SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management Symposium CY AUG, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, ACS Corp Associates, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Environm Sci Div, Amer Inst Chem Engineers Wate Reduct Technologies, Amer Acad Environm Engineers AB Depleted uranium, in the form of uranium trioxide (UO3) powder, was encapsulated in molten polyethylene forming a stable, dense composite henceforth known as DUPoly (patent pending). Materials were fed by calibrated volumetric feeders to a single screw extruder where they were heated and mixed to form a homogeneous molten extrudate. Oxide loadings as high as 90 weight percent (wt%) UO3 were successfully processed, yielding a maximum product density of 4.2g/cm(3). Performance testing included compressive strength, water immersion, and leach testing. Compressive strengths of samples with 50-90wt% UO3 were nearly constant, with a mean value exceeding 15MPa (2,200 psi). Leach rates, which increased as a function of sample waste loading, were less than 1.1% after 11 days at ambient temperature for samples containing 90wt% UO3. Ninety day water immersion tests showed sensitivity to "batch" processed UO3 for samples containing > 85wt% of the oxide. Considering that UO3 should be insoluble in water, these results indicate the probable presence of other, more soluble uranium compounds. Samples containing UO3 produced by a "continuous" process showed no deterioration at up to 90wt% waste loadings. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Environm & Waste Management Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Adams, JW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Environm & Waste Management Grp, Bldg 830,POB 5,000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46362-8 PY 2000 BP 177 EP 186 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BS08P UT WOS:000168586300015 ER EF