FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Fanourgakis, GS Farantos, SC Luder, C Velegrakis, M Xantheas, SS AF Fanourgakis, GS Farantos, SC Luder, C Velegrakis, M Xantheas, SS TI Photofragmentation spectra and potential energy surfaces of Sr+Ar2 SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; SPECTROSCOPY; AR; CLUSTERS; COMPLEX; PAIRS; TRANSITION; STATES; MODELS; ATOMS AB The photofragmentation spectrum of the Sr+Ar2 duster has been recorded in a time of flight mass spectrometer and in the energy range 21 000-27 000 cm(-1). Three absorption bands are observed which are related to transitions from the ground electronic state, X (2)A(1), to the three states that correlate with 5p orbitals of Sr+. The first and third bands result from the production of pure Sr+, while the second band is associated with the production of Sr+ and Sr+Ar in almost equal amounts. Potential energy surfaces computed using a one electron perturbation theory and expression in analytical forms offer a framework for the interpretation of the photofragmentation spectra. C1 Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fanourgakis, GS (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RI Velegrakis, Michalis/F-7810-2011; FARANTOS, STAVROS/H-5429-2011; Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015 OI FARANTOS, STAVROS/0000-0003-1909-7976; NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI PCCP Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 1 IS 6 BP 977 EP 981 DI 10.1039/a808444k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 182PX UT WOS:000079508300007 ER PT J AU Klippenstein, SJ Harding, LB AF Klippenstein, SJ Harding, LB TI A theoretical study of the kinetics of C2H3+H SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; REACTION COORDINATE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BOND-ENERGIES; RATE-CONSTANT; ACETYLENE; ATOMS; HYDROGEN; ETHYLENE AB High level quantum chemical simulations of the interaction of vinyl radical with H are implemented in transition state theory based calculations of the reaction kinetics. The quantum chemical simulations, performed at the CAS + 1 + 2 level, indicate the presence of three separate barrier-less channels; two for addition and one for abstraction. A variable reaction coordinate approach is employed in the determination of transition state partition functions for each of these channels. The optimized transition state dividing surfaces are found to be qualitatively similar to the contours of the radical molecular orbital for vinyl. The temperature and pressure dependence for the overall reaction kinetics is analyzed on the basis of a one dimensional master equation implementing the transition state theory estimates for the energy resolved rate constants. The resulting theoretical estimates for the total rate constants and for the branching between addition, elimination and abstraction are compared with the available experimental data. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klippenstein, SJ (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI PCCP Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 1 IS 6 BP 989 EP 997 DI 10.1039/a808515c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 182PX UT WOS:000079508300009 ER PT J AU Gray, SK Goldfield, EM Schatz, GC Balint-Kurti, GG AF Gray, SK Goldfield, EM Schatz, GC Balint-Kurti, GG TI Helicity decoupled quantum dynamics and capture model cross sections and rate constants for O(D-1)+H-2 -> OH+H SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; REAL WAVE-PACKETS; REACTIVE SCATTERING; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; ORDER DOMAIN; H2O; APPROXIMATION; SYSTEM; STATES; D-2 AB We study, within a helicity decoupled quantum approximation, the total angular momentum J dependence of reaction probabilities for the reaction O(D-1) + H-2 --> OH + H. A recently developed real wave packet approach is employed for the quantum calculations. The ab initio based, ground electronic (X) over tilde (1)A') potential energy surface of Ho et al. (T-S. Ho, T. Hollebeeck, H. Rabitz, L. B. Harding and G. C. Schatz, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 10472) is assumed for most of our calculations, although some calculations are also performed with a recent surface due to Dobbyn and Knowles. We find that the low J reaction probabilities tend to be, on average, slightly lower than the high J probabilities. This effect is also found to be reproduced in classical trajectory calculations. A new capture model is proposed that incorporates the available quantum data within an orbital angular momentum or l-shifting approximation to predict total cross sections and rate constants. The results agree well with classical trajectory results and the experimental rate constant at room temperature. However, electronically non-adiabatic effects may become important at higher temperature. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. RP Gray, SK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gray@tcg.anl.gov NR 42 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI PCCP Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 1 IS 6 BP 1141 EP 1148 DI 10.1039/a809325c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 182PX UT WOS:000079508300026 ER PT J AU Carlisle, JA Shirley, EL Terminello, LJ Jia, JJ Callcott, TA Ederer, DL Perera, RCC Himpsel, FJ AF Carlisle, JA Shirley, EL Terminello, LJ Jia, JJ Callcott, TA Ederer, DL Perera, RCC Himpsel, FJ TI Band-structure and core-hole effects in resonant inelastic soft-x-ray scattering: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; FINE-STRUCTURE; FLUORESCENCE; GRAPHITE; EMISSION; ABSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; INSULATORS AB Inelastic x-ray scattering has been observed in the hexagonal forms of carbon (graphite) and boron nitride (hBN), both above and below their K edges. For excitation energies below the core threshold, inelastic-loss features are observed, which disperse linearly with excitation energy (Raman-like behavior). However, above the threshold, emission features that move in a nonlinear fashion are observed. We show that these two scattering regimes, which have previously been thought of as separate processes, viz,, resonant x-ray Raman scattering (below threshold) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (above threshold), are described by the same theory for resonant fluorescence. Simulated spectra, with and without excitonic effects, are presented and compared with experiment. We conclude, based on this comparison, that excitonic effects influence these spectra in two ways. Primarily, the total fluorescence yields are enhanced or reduced simply because of changes in the absorption cross sections. Second, excitonic effects on emission features can be pronounced near some excitonic resonances, and these changes are more significant for excitation further above the K edges, which we attribute to the multiplicity of core-excited states being probed. Based on these findings, we conclude that core-hole effects do not necessarily undermine an interpretation of the scattering in terms of a one-electron (noninteracting) picture, and that resonant fluorescence spectroscopy may be successfully used to probe the band structure of solids. [S0163-1829(99)08911-0]. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM jacarlis@vcu.edu NR 38 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 11 BP 7433 EP 7445 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.7433 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 182PQ UT WOS:000079507700038 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Lyo, SK AF Huang, DH Lyo, SK TI Photoluminescence spectra of n-doped double quantum wells in a parallel magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; INPLANE MAGNETORESISTANCE; OPTICAL-TRANSITIONS; FERMI SURFACES; CONDUCTANCE; GASES; MASS AB We show that the photoluminescence (PL) line shapes from tunnel-split ground sublevels of n-doped thin double quantum wells (DQW's) are sensitively modulated by an in-plane magnetic field B-parallel to at low temperatures (T). The modulation is caused by the B-parallel to-induced distortion of the electronic structure. The latter arises from the relative shift of the energy-dispersion parabolas of the two quantum wells (QW's) in (k) over right arrow space, both in the conduction and valence bands, and formation of an anticrossing gap in the conduction band. Using a self-consistent density-functional theory, the PL spectra and the band-gap narrowing are calculated as a function of B-parallel to , T, and the homogeneous linewidths. The PL spectra from symmetric and asymmetric DQW's are found to show strikingly different behavior. In symmetric DQW's with a high density of electrons, two PL peaks are obtained at B-parallel to=0, representing the interband transitions between the pair of the upper (i.e., antisymmetric) levels and that of the lower (i.e., symmetric) levels of the ground doublets. As B-parallel to increases, the upper PL peak develops an N-type kink, namely a maximum followed by a minimum, and merges with the lower peak, which rises monotonically as a function of B-parallel to due to the diamagnetic energy. When the electron density is low, however, only a single PL peak, arising from the transitions between the lower levels, is obtained. In asymmetric DQW's, the PL spectra show mainly one dominant peak at all B-parallel to's In this case, the holes are localized in one of the QW's at low T and recombine only with the electrons in the same QW. At high electron densities, the upper PL peak shows an N-type kink like in symmetric DQW's. However, the lower peak is absent at low B-parallel to's because it arises from the inter-QW transitions. Reasonable agreement is obtained with recent data from GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As DQW's. [S0163-1829(99)00411-7]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 11 BP 7600 EP 7609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.7600 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 182PQ UT WOS:000079507700059 ER PT J AU Navarro-Contreras, H de Anda-Salazar, F Olvera-Hernandez, J Hsu, L McCluskey, MD Haller, EE AF Navarro-Contreras, H de Anda-Salazar, F Olvera-Hernandez, J Hsu, L McCluskey, MD Haller, EE TI Shallow to deep transformation of Se donors in GaSb under hydrostatic pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FREE-CARRIER ABSORPTION; DX CENTERS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS; ALXGA1-XAS; STRESS; INP AB We have observed that highly doped GaSb:Se, which is opaque to far IR radiation, becomes transparent at hydrostatic pressures above 9.8+/-2 kbar. We discuss how this behavior may be explained by the transformation of Se shallow donors into Se-DX (where DX is the unknown donor or X donor) centers in GaSb. Under this assumption the position of the Se-DX energy level at zero pressure is calculated to lie 80+/-30 meV above the conduction band at atmospheric pressure. The onset of transparency allowed us to observe several multiphonon absorbance features. We assign six of them to two-phonon absorptions. From the measured pressure dependence of the TO phonon, the Gruneisen parameter for this compound is calculated to be gamma(TO)=1.23 +/-0.18. No persistent photoconductivity is observed for these Se-DX centers, a fact that may be explained by the expectation that the optical energy necessary to transform them back into the shallow form is larger than the band-gap energy of GaSb at all pressures examined, although it may be also an indication that the Se shallow donors change to deep donors associated with the L-1 minima of ionization energy larger than 90 meV. [S0163-1829(99)02211-0]. C1 Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Invest Comunicac Opt, San Luis Potosi 78000, SLP, Mexico. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Navarro-Contreras, H (reprint author), Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Invest Comunicac Opt, Alvaro Obregon 64, San Luis Potosi 78000, SLP, Mexico. RI NAVARRO-CONTRERAS, HUGO/D-4074-2012 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 12 BP 8003 EP 8007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.8003 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 182TM UT WOS:000079514300036 ER PT J AU Ciftja, O AF Ciftja, O TI Exact results for a composite-fermion wave function SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM AB It is noted that the radial distribution function and the interaction energy per particle can be exactly computed for a class of composite fermion wave functions obtained at the mean-field level of the Chern-Simons theory for the fractional quantum Hall effect. These results can be guile instructive and useful to test different numerical methods and approximations used to study these phenomena. [S0163-1829(99)50308-1]. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ciftja, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 12 BP 8132 EP 8136 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.8132 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 182TM UT WOS:000079514300054 ER PT J AU Drummond, TJ AF Drummond, TJ TI Schottky barriers on GaAs: Screened pinning at defect levels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Review ID COMPOUND-SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACES; HETEROJUNCTION BAND OFFSETS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INDUCED GAP STATES; METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; NATIVE-DEFECT; N-TYPE AB Schottky barrier heights on n-type GaAs can be made to vary from 0.30 to 1.20 eV by adjusting the conditions under which the Schottky contact is fabricated. To explain the observed trends it is asserted (a) that there are several defect pinning points associated with GaAs surfaces, (b) that an appropriate interfacial permittivity may be defined to predict the barrier height from the metal work function and the position of the appropriate pinning point, and (c) the pinning point is sensitive to the metal-GaAs reaction chemistry. In a thermodynamic context the present analysis is an electronegativity model. The work function of a polycrystalline metal and the charge neutrality level of the semiconductor are interpreted as the bulk chemical potentials of the two materials. When the two materials are brought into contact electronegativity equalization takes place as charge is transferred across the interface in the formation of metal-semiconductor bonds. Proper derivation of the equilibrium bond charge dipole requires a knowledge of the chemical "softness'' of the two surfaces being brought into contact as well as the electronegativity difference of the two materials. The equilibrium dipole determines the barrier height of an ''ideal interface Schottky contact." A description is given of how the softness of metal and semiconductor surfaces may be defined and how near surface defects in the semiconductor modify the interfacial dipole. The strength of the model is in its descriptive power as it can identify the specific native defects at which pinning is observed in GaAs Schottky diodes. It provides a framework for the development of a predictive model based on identifying the particular native defects produced by the reaction of specific metals with a semiconductor as a function of the process history. [S0163-1829(99)08507-77]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Drummond, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 102 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 12 BP 8182 EP 8194 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.8182 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 182TM UT WOS:000079514300060 ER PT J AU Johnson, DE Larese, JZ AF Johnson, DE Larese, JZ TI Wetting and adsorption of ammonia on magnesium oxide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR ADSORPTION; MGO(100) SURFACE; NH3; SUBSTRATE; MGO(001); GRAPHITE; CO AB High-resolution volumetric adsorption isotherms of ammonia-on-MgO(100) surfaces have been recorded over the temperature range 160-200 K (using powder prepared by a recently introduced process). Evidence is presented that indicates that multilayer formation is possible at T greater than or equal to 173 K (at least three layers). We have observed a series of layering transitions including a crossover from incomplete to complete wetting near the triple point of ammonia. The isothermal compressibility and isosteric heat of adsorption are determined. These data are compared with earlier results obtained for ammonia on,graphite and used to describe the status of the film with regard to temperature and coverage. The importance of high-quality MgO substrates is discussed and areas for further study using structural methods are mentioned. [S0163-1829(99)05711-2]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Johnson, DE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 12 BP 8247 EP 8251 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.8247 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 182TM UT WOS:000079514300066 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, T Habib, S Mottola, E AF Bhattacharya, T Habib, S Mottola, E TI Gravitationally induced neutrino oscillation phases in static spacetimes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID INDUCED QUANTUM INTERFERENCE AB We critically examine the recent claim of a "new effect'' of gravitationally induced quantum mechanical phases in neutrino oscillations. Because this claim has generated some discussion in the literature we present here a straightforward calculation of the phase and clarify some of the conceptual issues involved, particularly in relation to the equivalence principle. When expressed in terms of the asymptotic energy of the neutrinos E and Schwarzschild radial coordinates r, the lowest order at which such a gravitational effect appears is (GM Delta m(4)/(H) over bar E-3)ln(r(B)/r(A)). [S0556-2821(99)01204-7]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bhattacharya, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 12 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 6 AR 067301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.59.067301 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177WQ UT WOS:000079234400084 ER PT J AU Csaki, C Oz, Y Russo, J Terning, J AF Csaki, C Oz, Y Russo, J Terning, J TI Large N QCD from rotating branes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB We study large N SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in three and four dimensions using a one-parameter family of supergravity models which originate from non-extremal rotating D-branes. We show explicitly that varying this ''angular momentum'' parameter decouples the Kaluza-Klein modes associated with the compact D-brane coordinate, while the mass ratios for ordinary glueballs are quite stable against this variation, and are in good agreement with the latest lattice results. We also compute the topological susceptibility and the gluon condensate as a function of the ''angular momentum'' parameter. [S0556-2821(99)00906-6]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. SISSA, I-34013 Trieste, Italy. RP Csaki, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM csaki@thwk5.lbl.gov; yaron.oz@cern.ch; j.russo@ic.ac.uk; terning@alvin.lbl.gov NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 6 AR 065012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.59.065012 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177WQ UT WOS:000079234400073 ER PT J AU Csaki, C Murayama, H AF Csaki, C Murayama, H TI New confining N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ANTISYMMETRIC TENSOR; DUALITY; CONFINEMENT; MODEL; BREAKING; EXAMPLES; SP(N-C); MATTER; VACUA AB We examine N = 1 supersymmetric gauge theories which confine in the presence of a tree-level superpotential. We show the confining spectra which satisfy the 't Hooft anomaly matching conditions and give a simple method to find the confining superpotential. Using this method, we fix the confining superpotentials in the simplest cases and show how these superpotentials are generated by multi-instanton effects in the dual theory. These new types of confining theories may be useful for model building, since the size of the matter content is not restricted by an index constraint. Therefore, one expects that a large variety of new confining spectra can be obtained using such models. [S0556-2821(99)03504-3]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM csaki@thwk5.lbl.gov; murayama@lbl.gov RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 6 AR 065001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.59.065001 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177WQ UT WOS:000079234400062 ER PT J AU Mirabelli, EA Perelstein, M Peskin, ME AF Mirabelli, EA Perelstein, M Peskin, ME TI Collider signatures of new large space dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Recently, Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali have proposed that there are extra compact dimensions of space, accessible to gravity but not to ordinary matter, which could be macroscopically large. In this Letter, we argue that high-energy collider processes in which gravitons are radiated into these new dimensions place significant, model-independent constraints on this picture. We present the constraints from anomalous single photon production at e(+)e(-) colliders and from monojet production at hadron colliders. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Mirabelli, EA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 25 TC 389 Z9 389 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2236 EP 2239 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2236 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175QV UT WOS:000079107000004 ER PT J AU Deshpande, NG He, XG Hou, WS Pakvasa, S AF Deshpande, NG He, XG Hou, WS Pakvasa, S TI Electroweak penguins, final state interaction phases, and CP violation in B -> K pi decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B-DECAYS; ISOSPIN ANALYSIS; QUARK AB The recently observed B- --> K- pi(0), (K) over bar(0)pi(-) and (B) over bar(0) --> K- pi(+) decay modes appear to have nearly equal branching ratios. This suggests that tree and electroweak penguins play an important role, and inclusion of the latter improves agreement between factorization calculation and experimental data. The value of gamma in the range of 90 degrees-130 degrees and 220 degrees-260 degrees is favored, while the (B) over bar(0) --> (K) over bar(0)pi(0) rate is suppressed. Direct CP violation for B --> K pi modes can be large if final state interaction phases are large. C1 Univ Oregon, Inst Theoret Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 90822 USA. RP Deshpande, NG (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Inst Theoret Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RI He, Xiao-Gang/C-8894-2013; He, Xiao-Gang/P-2242-2015 NR 29 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2240 EP 2243 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2240 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175QV UT WOS:000079107000005 ER PT J AU Abbott, B Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Baden, A Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Baringer, P Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chekulaev, SV Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Coppage, D Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Gobbi, B Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Ito, AS Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Kalbfleisch, G Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Ko, W Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Lauer, B Leflat, A Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lobkowicz, F Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P Mostafa, M da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Parashar, N Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Varelas, N Varnes, EW Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AA Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, S Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Won, E Wood, DR Wu, Z Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yip, K Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhang, B Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zverev, EG Weerts, H AF Abbott, B Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Baden, A Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Baringer, P Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chekulaev, SV Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Coppage, D Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Gobbi, B Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Ito, AS Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Kalbfleisch, G Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Ko, W Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Lauer, B Leflat, A Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lobkowicz, F Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P Mostafa, M da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Parashar, N Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Varelas, N Varnes, EW Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AA Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, S Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Won, E Wood, DR Wu, Z Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yip, K Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhang, B Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zverev, EG Weerts, H CA D0 Collaboration TI Search for nonstandard Higgs bosons using high mass photon pairs in p(p)over-bar ->gamma gamma+2 jets at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; PARTICLES; TRIPLETS; TEVATRON; PHYSICS; EVENTS AB A search has been carried out for events in the channel p(p)over-bar --> gamma gamma + 2 jets. Such a signature can characterize the production of a nonstandard Higgs boson together with a W or Z boson. We refer to this nonstandard Higgs, having standard model couplings to vector bosons but no coupling to fermions, as a "bosonic Higgs." With the requirement of two high transverse energy photons and two jets, the diphoton mass (m(gamma gamma)) distribution is consistent with expected background. A 90 (95)% confidence level (C.L.) upper limit on the cross section as a function of mass is calculated, ranging from 0.60 (0.80) pb for m(gamma gamma) = 65 GeV/c(2) to 0.26 (0.34) pb for m(gamma gamma) = 150 GeV/c(2), corresponding to a 95% C.L. lower limit on the mass of a bosonic Higgs of 78.5 GeV/c(2). C1 NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. CEA, DAPNIA Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Delhi, India. Kyungsung Univ, Pusan 608736, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. RP Abbott, B (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Peters, Michael/B-4973-2009; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016 OI Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108 NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2244 EP 2249 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2244 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175QV UT WOS:000079107000006 ER PT J AU Burov, A Danilov, V AF Burov, A Danilov, V TI Suppression of transverse bunch instabilities by asymmetries in the chamber geometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The wake forces produced by a beam bunch can be reduced by making the vacuum chamber cross section axially asymmetric. Furthermore, the asymmetry results in a betatron tune shift for particles in the tail of the bunch. As a result, transverse instabilities of the bunch should be significantly suppressed for an asymmetric vacuum chamber. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Burov, A (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2286 EP 2289 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2286 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175QV UT WOS:000079107000016 ER PT J AU Li, M Smith, BB Selinger, RLB AF Li, M Smith, BB Selinger, RLB TI Fingering instability of dislocations and related line defects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We identify a fundamental morphological instability of mobile dislocations in crystals and related line defects. A positive gradient in the local driving force along the direction of defect motion destabilizes long-wavelength vibrational modes, producing a "fingering" pattern. The minimum unstable wavelength scales as the inverse square root of the force gradient. We demonstrate the instability's onset in simulations of a screw dislocation in Al (via molecular dynamics) and of a vortex in a 3D XY "rotator" model. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. OI Selinger, Robin/0000-0002-6519-9685 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2306 EP 2309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2306 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175QV UT WOS:000079107000021 ER PT J AU Ioffe, A Arif, M Jacobson, DL Mezei, F AF Ioffe, A Arif, M Jacobson, DL Mezei, F TI Precision neutron interferometric search for evidence of nuclear quantum entanglement in liquid H2O-D2O mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB A wavelength independent neutron interferometry technique has been applied to measure the scattering length densities Nb of liquid mixtures of H2O-D2O near room temperature. The experimental data have been compared to the conventional theory based on two separate liquids, with no deviations greater than 0.4% observed. These results are not consistent with the predicted deviations due to quantum entanglement between protons and deuterons, which are at least an order of magnitude larger than our measured values. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst, Berlin Neutron Scattering Ctr, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Ioffe, A (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2322 EP 2325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2322 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175QV UT WOS:000079107000025 ER PT J AU Erlebacher, J Aziz, MJ Chason, E Sinclair, MB Floro, JA AF Erlebacher, J Aziz, MJ Chason, E Sinclair, MB Floro, JA TI Spontaneous pattern formation on ion bombarded Si(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SELF-DIFFUSION; ROUGHENING INSTABILITY; RIPPLE STRUCTURE; SI; MECHANISMS; EVOLUTION; DIMERS AB Spectroscopic light scattering was used to monitor periodic ripple evolution on Si(001) in situ during Ar+ sputtering. Analysis indicates that under high flux the concentration of mobile species on the surface is temperature and ion flux independent. This is due to an effect of ion collision cascades on the concentration of mobile species. We thereby measure the migration energy on the surface to be 1.2 +/- 0.1 eV. The technique is generalizable to any material, including high temperature and insulating materials for which surface migration energies are notoriously difficult to measure. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Erlebacher, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Erlebacher, Jonah/A-3231-2010 NR 24 TC 258 Z9 259 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2330 EP 2333 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2330 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175QV UT WOS:000079107000027 ER PT J AU Huscroft, C McMahan, AK Scalettar, RT AF Huscroft, C McMahan, AK Scalettar, RT TI Magnetic and thermodynamic properties of the three-dimensional periodic Anderson Hamiltonian SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-GAMMA-TRANSITION; KONDO VOLUME-COLLAPSE; DYNAMICAL MEAN-FIELD; FERMION SYSTEMS; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; MOTT TRANSITION; MODEL; LATTICE; CERIUM; DEGENERACY AB The three-dimensional periodic Anderson model is studied with the quantum Monte Carlo method. We find that the crossover to the Kondo singlet regime is remarkably sharp at low temperatures, and that the behavior of magnetic correlations is consistently reflected in both the thermodynamics and the density of states. The abruptness of the transition suggests that energy changes associated with the screening of local moments by conduction electrons might be sufficient to drive large volume changes in systems where applied pressure tunes the ratio of interband hybridization to correlation energy. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Huscroft, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2342 EP 2345 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2342 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175QV UT WOS:000079107000030 ER PT J AU Ku, W Eguiluz, AG AF Ku, W Eguiluz, AG TI Plasmon lifetime in K: A case study of correlated electrons in solids amenable to ab initio theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; ALKALI-METALS; DISPERSION AB We solve the puzzle posed by the anomalous dispersion of the plasmon linewidth in K via all-electron density-response calculations, performed within the framework of time-dependent density-functional theory. The key damping mechanism is shown to be decay into particle-hole pairs involving empty states of d symmetry. While the effect of many-particle correlations is small, the correlations built into the "final-state" d bands play an important, and novel, role related to the phase-space complexity introduced by these flat bands. Our case study of plasmon lifetime in K illustrates the importance of ab initio paradigms for the study of excitations in correlated-electron systems. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 20 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2350 EP 2353 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2350 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175QV UT WOS:000079107000032 ER PT J AU Raymond, S Yokoo, T Zheludev, A Nagler, SE Wildes, A Akimitsu, J AF Raymond, S Yokoo, T Zheludev, A Nagler, SE Wildes, A Akimitsu, J TI Polarized-neutron observation of longitudinal haldane-gap excitations in Nd2BaNiO5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOFT-MODE TRANSITION; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; HEISENBERG CHAIN; SCATTERING; ANTIFERROMAGNET; FIELD; PR2BANIO5; Y2BANIO5 AB Polarized and unpolarized inelastic neutron scattering is used to study Haldane-gap excitations in the mixed-spin linear-chain antiferromagnet Nd2BaNiO5. The longitudinal mode, polarized along the direction of ordered moments, is observed for the first time. The model of isolated Haldane chains in a static staggered exchange field, that is known to work very well for static properties and transverse spin excitations in R2BaNiO5 compounds, fails to explain new results for the longitudinal spin gap. C1 CENG, DRFMC SPSMS MDN, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 157, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Laue Langevin, Grenoble 9, France. RP CENG, DRFMC SPSMS MDN, 17 Rue Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339 NR 24 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2382 EP 2385 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2382 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175QV UT WOS:000079107000040 ER PT J AU Mazumdar, S Campbell, D Clay, RT Ramasesha, S AF Mazumdar, S Campbell, D Clay, RT Ramasesha, S TI Comment on "Wigner crystal type of charge ordering in an organic conductor with a quarter-filled band: (DI-DCNQI)(2)Ag" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Solid State & Struct Chem Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Mazumdar, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2411 EP 2411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2411 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175QV UT WOS:000079107000051 ER PT J AU Kryger, G Silman, I Sussman, JL AF Kryger, G Silman, I Sussman, JL TI Structure of acetylcholinesterase complexed with E2020 (Aricept (R)): implications for the design of new anti-Alzheimer drugs SO STRUCTURE WITH FOLDING & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer's disease; crystal structure; drug-protein complex ID INDANONE BENZYLPIPERIDINE INHIBITORS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; AROMATIC INTERACTIONS; TORPEDO-CALIFORNICA; ACTIVE-SITE; HUPERZINE-A; BINDING; MEMORY; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; RESIDUES AB Background: Several cholinesterase inhibitors are either being utilized for symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease or are in advanced clinical trials. E2020, marketed as Aricept(R), is a member of a large family of N-benzylpiperidine-based acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors developed, synthesized and evaluated by the Eisai Company in Japan. These inhibitors were designed on the basis of OSAR studies, prior to elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of Torpedo californica AChE (TcAChE), E2020 significantly enhances performance in animal models of cholinergic hypofunction and has a high affinity for AChE, binding to both electric eel and mouse AChE in the nanomolar range. Results: Our experimental structure of the E2020-TcAChE complex pinpoints specific interactions responsible for the high affinity and selectivity demonstrated previously. It shows that E2020 has a unique orientation along the active-site gorge, extending from the anionic subsite of the active site, at the bottom, to the peripheral anionic site, at the top, via aromatic stacking interactions with conserved aromatic amino acid residues. E2020 does not, however, interact directly with either the catalytic triad or the 'oxyanion hole', but only indirectly via solvent molecules. Conclusions: Our study shows, a posteriori, that the design of E2020 took advantage of several important features of the active-site gorge of AChE to produce a drug with both high affinity for AChE and a high degree of selectivity for AChE versus butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). It also delineates voids within the gorge that are not occupied by E2020 and could provide sites for potential modification of E2020 to produce drugs with improved pharmacological profiles. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Neurobiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11972 USA. RP Kryger, G (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM Gitay.Kryger@Weizmann.ac.il NR 58 TC 369 Z9 382 U1 12 U2 70 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCT FOLD DES JI Struct. Fold. Des. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 7 IS 3 BP 297 EP 307 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(99)80040-9 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 180XL UT WOS:000079411100010 PM 10368299 ER PT J AU Telang, FW Volkow, ND Levy, A Logan, J Fowler, JS Felder, C Wong, C Wang, GJ AF Telang, FW Volkow, ND Levy, A Logan, J Fowler, JS Felder, C Wong, C Wang, GJ TI Distribution of tracer levels of cocaine in the human brain as assessed with averaged [11C]cocaine images SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE positron emission tomography (PET); [C-11]cocaine; reinforcement; dopamine transporters ID GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; BINDING-SITES; PET IMAGES; MEMORY; RETRIEVAL; DRUGS AB The Ability of cocaine to block the dopamine transporter (DAT) in the nucleus accumbens, as well as its non-striatal and non-DAT actions, appears to be crucial for its reinforcing/rewardig effects. However, we have been unable to use PET and [11C]cocaine to map small regions with greater sensitivity due in part to the low specific to non-specific binding ration of [11C]cocaine. In order to increase the signal to noise ratio of the individual [11]cocaine images, we averaged the distribution volume (DV) PET images of 17 normal controls. In addition we also obtained averaged images for the dynamic set (14 time frames) and for the K1 values. The dynamic images were used to generate the average time activity curves from which we obtained the time required to half maximum clearance (T-50) Twenty-nine ROIs were identified in the Talarach-Tournoux atlas and were then projected to the corregistered average PET image. The brain regions clustered in 3 groups according to their DV values. The highest activity (Group DV.1, 4.6-3.7) included putamen > accumbens > caudate. Intermediate DVs (Group DV.2, 3.2-2.8) included thalamus (mediodorsal and ventrolateral nucleus) > precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus. amygdala, hippocampus, and temporal pole. Group DV.3 with low DVs (2.6-2.1) included the orbital cortex, precentral gyrus, and cerebellum. The brain regions clustered in 3 groups according to their T-50 values. Regions with the faster clearance rates (15-20 minutes) included the orbital cortex, posterior cingulate, dorsomedial thalamus, precuneus, and cerebellum. Intermediate clearance rates (20-25 minutes) included caudate, putamen and accumbens regions with the slowest clearance rates (25-30 minuters) included caudate, putamen, and accumbens. In addition to the previously documented high binding of cocaine in striatum and moderate binding in thalamus in the living human brain this study also documents binding of cocaine in limbic and paralimbic brain regions. Further work is required to characterize the binding properties of cocaine in these brain areas and to elucidate their role in the reinforcing and addictive properties of cocaine. Synapse 31:290-296, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Telang, FW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA09490-01] NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 31 IS 4 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(19990315)31:4<290::AID-SYN7>3.0.CO;2-G PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 165BA UT WOS:000078497700007 PM 10051110 ER PT J AU Bergmann, U Horne, CR Collins, TJ Workman, JM Cramer, SP AF Bergmann, U Horne, CR Collins, TJ Workman, JM Cramer, SP TI Chemical dependence of interatomic X-ray transition energies and intensities - a study of Mn K beta '' and K beta(2,5) spectra SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; MANGANESE(V)-OXO COMPLEX; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; ABSORPTION AB A study of ligand (N, O, F) 2s to metal (Mn) 1s 'interatomic' or 'crossover' X-ray transitions is reported. We show that the energy of the K beta " feature is related to the ligand 2s binding energy and can be used to identify the type of ligand. For oxygen-ligated Mn compounds, the strength of the K beta " transition decreases exponentially with increasing Mn-O distance. This can be used to predict distances to similar to 0.1 Angstrom. The K beta(2,5) energy shows shifts of similar to 1 eV per unit oxidation state. K beta " and K beta(2,5) transitions are a promising tool for structural characterization of transition-metal complexes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cramer, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Collins, Terrence/A-9807-2017 OI Collins, Terrence/0000-0003-2611-9184 NR 31 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 7 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 302 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00095-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 175TE UT WOS:000079110500020 ER PT J AU Bailey, AE Heard, DE Henderson, DA Paul, PH AF Bailey, AE Heard, DE Henderson, DA Paul, PH TI Collisional quenching of OH(A (2)Sigma(+), upsilon '=0) by H2O between 211 and 294 K and the development of a unified model for quenching SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ROTATIONAL LEVELS; A2-SIGMA+ OH; TEMPERATURE; HO2; TROPOSPHERE; RADICALS; HYDROXYL; FLAMES AB The cross-section for electronic quenching of OH(A (2)Sigma(+), upsilon' = 0) by H2O was found to increase from 82 +/- 8 Angstrom(2) at 294 K to 119 +/- 11 Angstrom(2) at 211 K. Both OH(A (2)Sigma(+)) and H2O display relatively large dipole moments, and a 'harpooned' mechanism occurring on a Lennard-Jones potential energy surface modified to include dipole moment effects was found to reproduce the observed temperature dependence of the cross-sections in the range 211-2300 K. The model, which is general, will enable corrections for the effects of quenching on laser-induced fluorescence signals to be made with a high degree of confidence in combustion and atmospheric media. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Div 8351, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heard, DE (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM dwayneh@chem.leeds.ac.uk NR 39 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 302 IS 1-2 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00076-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 175TE UT WOS:000079110500022 ER PT J AU Forte, TM Bielicki, JK Knoff, LJ Oda, MN AF Forte, TM Bielicki, JK Knoff, LJ Oda, MN TI The activity of the anti-oxidative enzyme paraoxonase is enhanced by the formation of nascent HDL containing either apolipoprotein A-I or A-II SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A176 EP A176 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301018 ER PT J AU Vieira, NE Goans, RE Weiss, GH Marini, JC Hopkins, E Yergey, AL AF Vieira, NE Goans, RE Weiss, GH Marini, JC Hopkins, E Yergey, AL TI Calcium kinetics in children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type III and IV: Response to growth hormone therapy SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NICHD & DCRT, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, REACTS, Oak Ridge, TN 37716 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A244 EP A244 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301406 ER PT J AU Yasumura, S AF Yasumura, S TI Correlation of forearm potassium and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived fat-free mass (FFM) in the arms of normal individuals. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A259 EP A259 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301492 ER PT J AU Ueda, Y Royer, L Gong, E Zhang, JL Cooper, PN Francone, O Rubin, EM AF Ueda, Y Royer, L Gong, E Zhang, JL Cooper, PN Francone, O Rubin, EM TI Lower plasma levels and accelerated clearance of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol in scavenger receptor class B type I transgenic mice SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SELECTIVE LIPID UPTAKE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; SR-BI; ADRENAL-GLAND; EXPRESSION; CELLS; GENE; OVEREXPRESSION; DELIVERY AB Recent studies have indicated that the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) may play an important role in the uptake of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl ester in liver and steroidogenic tissues. To investigate the in vivo effects of liver-specific SR-BI overexpression on lipid metabolism, we created several lines of SR-BI transgenic mice with an SR-BI genomic construct where the SR-BI promoter region had been replaced by the apolipoprotein (apo)A-I promoter. The effect of constitutively increased SR-BI expression on plasma HDL and non-HDL lipoproteins and apolipoproteins was characterized. There was an inverse correlation between SR-BI expression and apoA-I and HDL cholesterol levels in transgenic mice fed either mouse chow or a diet high in fat and cholesterol. An unexpected finding in the SR-BI transgenic mice was the dramatic impact of the SR-BI transgene on non-HDL cholesterol and apoB whose levels were also inversely correlated with SR-BI expression. Consistent with the decrease in plasma HDL and non-HDL cholesterol was an accelerated clearance of HDL, non-HDL, and their major associated apolipoproteins in the transgenics compared with control animals. These in vivo studies of the effect of SR-BI overexpression on plasma lipoproteins support the previously proposed hypothesis that SR-BI accelerates the metabolism of HDL and also highlight the capacity of this receptor to participate in the metabolism of non-HDL lipoproteins. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pfizer Inc, Dept Cardiovasc & Metab Dis, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-18574, HL-50590] NR 26 TC 186 Z9 190 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 274 IS 11 BP 7165 EP 7171 DI 10.1074/jbc.274.11.7165 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 175DV UT WOS:000079078400048 PM 10066776 ER PT J AU Guiochon, G Drumm, E Cherrak, D AF Guiochon, G Drumm, E Cherrak, D TI Evidence of a wall friction effect in the consolidation of beds of packing materials in chromatographic columns SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE wall friction; stationary phases; LC; packing materials ID DYNAMIC AXIAL-COMPRESSION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PREPARATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHY; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; FLOW VELOCITY; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY AB Experimental observations demonstrate the intensity of the friction between the bed of a packed chromatographic column and its wall. The wall supports the bed but, in the process, causes the strong radial heterogeneity of the bed which has been previously reported and is now well documented. Friction against the wall is not entirely harmful, however. Without wall friction, the bed would contract with increasing head pressure. the bed in a typical analytical column would be a few mm longer in the absence of mobile phase flow than under standard operation conditions. Experiments demonstrate the existence of bed friction against the column wall in an axial compression column. They show that the friction coefficient depends on the nature of the solvent, the axial compression stress applied to the bed, and the bed length. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Drumm, Eric/0000-0001-9491-0934 NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 835 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)01068-1 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 179GN UT WOS:000079318300004 ER PT J AU Melendres, CA Hahn, F AF Melendres, CA Hahn, F TI 'In-situ' observation of halide ion adsorption on a gold electrode using synchrotron far infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE far infrared spectroscopy; anion adsorption; gold electrode; synchrotron source; adsorbed halides AB The adsorption of chloride and bromide ions on a gold electrode in the double layer region in 0.5 M perchloric acid solution was observed 'in-situ' for the first time using the technique of synchrotron far infrared reflectance spectroscopy (SFIRS). The Au-Cl surface vibrational frequency was measured to be about 263 cm(-1) in chloride concentrations from 0.005 to 0.05 M. The Au-Br stretching mode was observed at 182 cm(-1). The SFIRS technique is a promising tool for the investigation of interfacial electrochemical structures and processes with monolayer sensitivity. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Poitiers, Electrocatalysis Grp, CNRS, UMR 6503, F-86022 Poitiers, France. RP Melendres, CA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 463 IS 2 BP 258 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(98)00457-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 177XJ UT WOS:000079236100013 ER PT J AU Torney, DC Whittaker, CC Xie, GC AF Torney, DC Whittaker, CC Xie, GC TI The stationary statistical properties of human coding sequences SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE complex disease genetics; DNA; mathematical methods; pattern recognition; protein ID REGIONS; GENOME AB We introduce a generally applicable method for the discovery and quantitation of all of the characteristic statistical properties of a class of biological sequences, given examples from the class. This method employs a reversible binary encoding of sequences into the binary digits -1 and +1. Then, provided that the sample is sufficient, the sample cumulants on the subsets of digit positions will manifest all of the statistical properties of the class. As an illustration, we present the main results of a complete characterization of the stationary statistical properties of human coding sequences, in terms of their sample cumulants. Many of the telling sample cumulants are described. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, USDOE Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Merck & Co Inc, Bioinformat Dept, W Point, PA 19486 USA. RP Torney, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Mail Stop K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dct@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 286 IS 5 BP 1461 EP 1469 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2567 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 177KR UT WOS:000079209600016 PM 10064709 ER PT J AU Weiss, S AF Weiss, S TI Fluorescence spectroscopy of single biomolecules SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; NEAR-FIELD; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY; INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES; 2-PHOTON EXCITATION; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; PROTEINS AB Recent advances in single-molecule detection and single-molecule spectroscopy at room temperature by Laser-induced fluorescence offer new tools for the study of individual macromolecules under physiological conditions. These tools relay conformational states, conformational dynamics, and activity of single biological molecules to physical observables, unmasked by ensemble averaging. Distributions and time trajectories of these observables can therefore be measured during a reaction without the impossible need to synchronize all the molecules in the ensemble. The progress in applying these tools to biological studies with the use of fluorophores that are site-specifically attached to macromolecules is reviewed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weiss, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 85 TC 1449 Z9 1479 U1 62 U2 498 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 283 IS 5408 BP 1676 EP 1683 DI 10.1126/science.283.5408.1676 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 175PF UT WOS:000079102800038 PM 10073925 ER PT J AU Nicholas, JB Hay, BP Dixon, DA AF Nicholas, JB Hay, BP Dixon, DA TI Ab initio molecular orbital study of cation-pi binding between the alkali-metal cations and benzene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CORRELATION ENERGIES; BASIS-SETS; GAS-PHASE; APPROXIMATION; SELECTIVITY; POTENTIALS; COMPLEXES; CLUSTERS; BEHAVIOR AB We present optimized geometries and binding energies for alkali-metal cation complexes with benzene. Results are obtained for Li+ through Cs+ at the RHF/6-311G* and MP2/6-311+G* levels of theory with K+, Rb+, and Cs+ represented by relativistic ECPs and associated valence basis sets. RHF/6-311G* frequencies are used to verify the optimized geometries are minima and used to calculate binding enthalpies. The effects of basis-set superposition error (BSSE) are estimated at both the RHF and MP2 levels. We obtain BSSE-corrected MP2/6-311+G* binding enthalpies (in kcal/mol) of 35.0 (Li+), 21.0 (Na+), 16.0 (K+), 13.3 (Rb+), and 11.6 (Cs+). The distances (Angstrom) between the center of the benzene ring and the cation are 1.865 (Li+), 2.476 (Na+), 2.894 (K+), 3.165 (Rb+), and 3.414 (Cs+). Additional single-point CCSD(T)/6-311+G*//MP2/6-311+G* and CCSD(T)/6-311+G(2d,2p)//MP2/6-311+G* calculations indicate that the MP2/6-311+G* results are well converged with regard the extent of electron correlation, whereas small changes in binding energy are still observed when larger basis sets are used. Additional calculations using local and nonlocal density functional theory are included for comparison. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 47 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 10 BP 1394 EP 1400 DI 10.1021/jp9837380 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 177XL UT WOS:000079236300015 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA Rupprechter, G AF Somorjai, GA Rupprechter, G TI Molecular studies of catalytic reactions on crystal surfaces at high pressures and high temperatures by infrared-visible sum frequency generation (SFG) surface vibrational spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Review ID ULTRAVIOLET RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; BISMUTH-COVERED PT(111); IN-SITU NMR; ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION; SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SUPPORTED PLATINUM; METHANOL SYNTHESIS; POSITRON EMISSION AB Infrared-visible sum frequency generation (SFG) is a surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy that can operate in a pressure range from ultrahigh vacuum (uhv) to atmospheric pressures. SFG is therefore one of the few surface science techniques that permits atomic scale monitoring of surface species during catalytic reactions at high pressures (around 1 atm) and high temperatures. Using single-crystal surfaces of transition metals, platinum and rhodium, reaction rates can be simultaneously determined by gas chromatography, and correlations between the concentration of adsorbates under reaction conditions and the observed turnover numbers can help to elucidate the reaction mechanism. To bridge the gap to traditional surface science experiments, SFG is also employed under uhv or low pressures. The technique has been successfully applied to the adsorption and oxidation of CO, hydrocarbon conversion such as ethylene hydrogenation and cyclohexene hydrogenation and dehydrogenation on Pt(111). The experiments demonstrate that the key intermediates of high-pressure catalytic reactions are not present under low-pressure (uhv) conditions. Furthermore, the identification of active intermediates and their concentration at ambient conditions allows calculation of turnover frequencies per active surface species rather than simply per surface metal atom. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu; rupprechter@fhi-berlin.mpg.de NR 123 TC 164 Z9 166 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 10 BP 1623 EP 1638 DI 10.1021/jp983721h PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 177XN UT WOS:000079236500002 ER PT J AU Smalley, JF Chalfant, K Feldberg, SW Nahir, TM Bowden, EF AF Smalley, JF Chalfant, K Feldberg, SW Nahir, TM Bowden, EF TI An indirect laser-induced temperature jump determination of the surface pK(a) of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayers self-assembled on gold SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR FILMS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; ORGANIC-SURFACES; THIOL MONOLAYERS; CONTACT-ANGLE; CYTOCHROME-C; PH; CHARGE AB The indirect laser-induced temperature jump (ILIT) method is used to determine the acidity (pK(a)) of monolayers composed of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) self-assembled on vapor-deposited gold film electrodes in contact with either 0.10 or 1.0 M ionic strength NaClO4 electrolyte solutions. The ILIT technique may be used to measure the pK(a) of a surface-attached acid because the magnitude of the ILIT response is related to the potential gradient at the electrode/electrolyte interface which is, in turn, related to the extent of ionization of the acid. The relevant data are the potentials of zero ILIT response versus pH. A simple two-layer model of the acid-modified electrode/electrolyte interface and Gouy-Chapman double layer theory (modified for the onset of dielectric saturation effected by the large concentration of charge present at this interface when a substantial fraction of the carboxylic acid moieties are ionized) were employed to analyze these data. This analysis gives pK(a) = 5.7 +/- 0.2 at 0.10 M ionic strength and pK(a) = 4.4 +/- 0.2 at 1.0 M ionic strength while the total concentration of MUA comprising the self-assembled monolayer is determined to be essentially the same at both ionic strengths, averaging (5.4 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) mol/cm(2). Reasons for the observed variation of pK(a) with ionic strength are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Smalley, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 51 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 10 BP 1676 EP 1685 DI 10.1021/jp983325z PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 177XN UT WOS:000079236500008 ER PT J AU Oldham, KB Feldberg, SW AF Oldham, KB Feldberg, SW TI Principle of unchanging total concentration and its implications for modeling unsupported transient voltammetry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE VOLTAMMETRY; LOW IONIC-STRENGTH; SUPPORTING ELECTROLYTE; ELECTROCHEMICAL KINETICS; MICROELECTRODES AB The advantages and disadvantages of electrochemistry with little or no added supporting electrolyte are reviewed. Analysis of such systems is complicated by the increased importance of the migrational component of transport. Some computations and analyses can be simplified by invoking the principle that for any electrochemical experiment where the diffusivities of all the solute species do not differ significantly from a common value, the total solute concentration remains uniform and constant. This principle, which applies to both transient and steady-state regimes, holds independently of the cell and electrode geometries and is not compromised by migration and/or convection. The only constraint, additional to the assumption of uniform diffusivities, is the obvious one: that the electron-transfer reaction, and any homogeneous reactions that may participate, do not themselves perturb the number of solute particles (molecules and ions) present. Some consequences of the principle are explored, especially relating to three-ion systems. Using the principle, a framework of procedures is derived which may be followed to obtain a solution to many transient voltammetric problems at a macroelectrode when supporting electrolyte is absent. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Feldberg, SW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Oldham, Keith/0000-0002-0328-7479 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 10 BP 1699 EP 1704 DI 10.1021/jp9837939 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 177XN UT WOS:000079236500011 ER PT J AU Bader, SD AF Bader, SD TI Quantum engineering - Probing magnetism in the well SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID STATES; SUPERLATTICES; SUBSTRATE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bader, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, MSD-223, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 398 IS 6723 BP 104 EP 105 DI 10.1038/18108 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 176DG UT WOS:000079135200020 ER PT J AU Kawakami, RK Rotenberg, E Choi, HJ Escorcia-Aparicio, EJ Bowen, MO Wolfe, JH Arenholz, E Zhang, ZD Smith, NV Qiu, ZQ AF Kawakami, RK Rotenberg, E Choi, HJ Escorcia-Aparicio, EJ Bowen, MO Wolfe, JH Arenholz, E Zhang, ZD Smith, NV Qiu, ZQ TI Quantum-well states in copper thin films SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; SUPERLATTICES AB A standard exercise in elementary quantum mechanics is to describe the properties of an electron confined in a potential well. The solutions of Schrodinger's equation are electron standing waves-or 'quantum-well' states-characterized by the quantum number n, the number of half-wavelengths that span the well. Quantum-well states can be experimentally realized in a thin film, which confines the motion of the electrons in the direction normal to the film: for layered semiconductor quantum wells, the aforementioned quantization condition provides (with the inclusion of boundary phases) a good description of the quantum-well states. The presence of such states in layered metallic nanostructures is believed to underlie many intriguing phenomena, such as the oscillatory magnetic coupling of two ferromagnetic layers across a non-magnetic layer(1,2) and giant magnetoresistance(3). But our understanding of the properties of the quantum-well states in metallic structures is still limited. Here we report photoemission experiments that reveal the spatial variation of the quantum-well wavefunction within a thin copper film. Our results confirm an earlier proposal(4) that the amplitude of electron waves confined in a metallic thin film is modulated by an envelope function (of longer wavelength), which plays a key role in determining the energetics of the quantum-well states. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Met Res, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. RP Qiu, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM qiu@socrates.berkeley RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Zhang, Zhidong/G-6049-2011; Bowen, Martin/B-8440-2013; Qiu, Zi Qiang/O-4421-2016 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Bowen, Martin/0000-0002-0432-3419; Qiu, Zi Qiang/0000-0003-0680-0714 NR 7 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 24 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 398 IS 6723 BP 132 EP 134 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 176DG UT WOS:000079135200038 ER PT J AU King, NSP Ables, E Adams, K Alrick, KR Amann, JF Balzar, S Barnes, PD Crow, ML Cushing, SB Eddleman, JC Fife, TT Flores, P Fujino, D Gallegos, RA Gray, NT Hartouni, EP Hogan, GE Holmes, VH Jaramillo, SA Knudsson, JN London, RK Lopez, RR McDonald, TE McClelland, JB Merrill, FE Morley, KB Morris, CL Naivar, FJ Parker, EL Park, HS Pazuchanics, PD Pillai, C Riedel, CM Sarracino, JS Shelley, FE Stacy, HL Takala, BE Thompson, R Tucker, HE Yates, GJ Ziock, HJ Zumbro, JD AF King, NSP Ables, E Adams, K Alrick, KR Amann, JF Balzar, S Barnes, PD Crow, ML Cushing, SB Eddleman, JC Fife, TT Flores, P Fujino, D Gallegos, RA Gray, NT Hartouni, EP Hogan, GE Holmes, VH Jaramillo, SA Knudsson, JN London, RK Lopez, RR McDonald, TE McClelland, JB Merrill, FE Morley, KB Morris, CL Naivar, FJ Parker, EL Park, HS Pazuchanics, PD Pillai, C Riedel, CM Sarracino, JS Shelley, FE Stacy, HL Takala, BE Thompson, R Tucker, HE Yates, GJ Ziock, HJ Zumbro, JD TI An 800-MeV proton radiography facility for dynamic experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiolography CY MAR 16-19, 1998 CL LUZERN, SWITZERLAND SP Ask Corp, Fuji Photo Film, N-Ray, SODERN AB The capability has successfully been developed at the Los Alamos Nuclear Science Center (LANSCE) to utilize a spatially and temporally prepared 800 MeV proton beam to produce proton radiographs. A series of proton bursts are transmitted through a dynamic object and transported, via a unique magnetic lens system, to an image plane. The magnetic lens system permits correcting for the effects of multiple coulomb scattering which would otherwise completely blur the spatially transmitted information at the image plane. The proton radiographs are recorded either on a time integrating film plate or with a recently developed multi-frame electronic imaging camera system. The latter technique permits obtaining a time dependent series of proton radiographs with time intervals (modulo 358 ns) up to many microseconds and variable time intervals between images. One electronically shuttered, intensified, CCD camera is required per image. These cameras can detect single protons interacting with a scintillating fiber optic array in the image plane but also have a dynamic range which permits recording radiographs with better than 5% statistics for observation of detailed density variations in the object. A number of tests have been carried out to characterize the quality of the proton radiography system for absolute mass determination, resolution, and dynamic range. Initial dynamic experiments characterized the temporal and spatial behavior of shock propagation in a high explosive sample with up to six images per experiment. Based on experience with the prototype system, a number of upgrades an being implemented including the anticipated capability for enhanced mass discrimination through differential multiple coulomb scattering radiographs and more images with improved imaging techniques. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP King, NSP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 107 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 424 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01241-8 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 178HX UT WOS:000079261200015 ER PT J AU McDonald, TE Brun, TO Claytor, TN Farnum, EH Greene, GL Morris, C AF McDonald, TE Brun, TO Claytor, TN Farnum, EH Greene, GL Morris, C TI Time-gated energy-selected cold neutron radiography SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiolography CY MAR 16-19, 1998 CL LUZERN, SWITZERLAND SP Ask Corp, Fuji Photo Film, N-Ray, SODERN DE cold neutron radiography; energy specific radiography; time-gated energy-selected radiography; materials discrimination AB A technique is under development at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center (Lujan Center) for producing neutron radiography using only a narrow energy range of cold neutrons. The technique, referred to as time-gated energy-selected (TGES) neutron radiography, employs the pulsed neutron source at the Lujan Center with time of flight to obtain a neutron pulse having an energy distribution that is a function of the arrival time at the imager. The radiograph is formed on a short persistence scintillator and a gated, intensified, cooled CCD camera is employed to record the images, which are produced at the specific neutron energy range determined by the camera gate. The technique has been used to achieve a degree of material discrimination in radiographic images. For some materials, such as beryllium and carbon, at energies above the Bragg cutoff the neutron scattering cross section is relatively high while at energies below the Bragg cutoff the scattering cross section drops significantly. This difference in scattering characteristics can be recorded in the TGES radiography and, because the Bragg cutoff occurs at different energy levels for various materials, the approach can be used to differentiate among these materials. This paper outlines the TGES radiography technique and shows an example of radiography using the approach. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McDonald, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 424 IS 1 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01252-2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 178HX UT WOS:000079261200038 ER PT J AU Aguirre, RM Schvellinger, M AF Aguirre, RM Schvellinger, M TI Equation of state of hadronic matter with dibaryons in an effective quark model SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE nuclear matter; bag model; dibaryons; equation of state; bose condensate ID MESON COUPLING MODEL; FINITE NUCLEI; FIELD-THEORY; H-DIBARYONS AB The equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter with the inclusion of non strange dibaryons is studied. We pay special attention to the existence of a dibaryon condensate at zero temperature. These calculations have been performed in an extended quark-meson coupling model with density-dependent parameters, which takes into account the finite size of nucleons and dibaryons. A first-order phase-transition to pure dibaryon matter has been found. Thr corresponding critical density is strongly dependent on the value of the dibaryon mass. The density behavior of the nucleon and dibaryon effective masses and confining volumes have been discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Univ La Plata, Dept Fis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Hampton Univ, Nucl High Energy Phys Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Aguirre, RM (reprint author), Natl Univ La Plata, Dept Fis, CC 67, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. EM aguirre@venus.fisica.unlp.edu.ar; schvell@cebaf.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 449 IS 3-4 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00049-0 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 178CU UT WOS:000079249200001 ER PT J AU Chodos, A Minakata, H Cooper, F AF Chodos, A Minakata, H Cooper, F TI Cooper pairing at large N in a two-dimensional model SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY AB We study a two-dimensional model of fermi fields psi that is closely related to the Gross-Neveu model, and show that to leading order in 1/N a [psi psi] condensate forms. This effect is independent of the chemical potential, a peculiarity that we expect to he specific to two dimensions. We also expect the condensate to be unstable against corrections at higher orders in 1/N. We compute the Green's functions associated with the composite psi psi, and show that the fermion acquires a Majorana mass proportional to the gap, and that a massless Goldstone pole appears. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Ctr Theoret Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Los Alamos Sci Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87455 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Chodos, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Theoret Phys, POB 208120, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 449 IS 3-4 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00084-2 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 178CU UT WOS:000079249200016 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ Diehl, M Hoyer, P Peigne, S AF Brodsky, SJ Diehl, M Hoyer, P Peigne, S TI Semi-exclusive processes: new probes of hadron structure SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR TRANSPARENCY; LARGE-T; SCATTERING; QCD AB We define and study hard "semi-exclusive" processes of the form A + B --> C + Y which are characterized by a large momentum transfer between the particles A and C and a large rapidity Sap between the final state particle C and the inclusive system Y. Such reactions are in effect generalizations of deep inelastic lepton scattering, providing novel currents which probe specific quark distributions of the target B at fixed momentum fraction. We give explicit expressions for photo-and leptoproduction cross sections such as gamma p --> pi Y in terms of parton distributions in the proton and the pion distribution amplitude. Semi-exclusive processes provide opportunities to study fundamental issues in QCD, including odderon exchange and color transparency, and suggest new ways to measure spin-dependent parton distributions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchtrtron, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. LAPP, LAPTH, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 449 IS 3-4 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00082-9 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 178CU UT WOS:000079249200022 ER PT J AU Czarnecki, A Skrzypek, M AF Czarnecki, A Skrzypek, M TI The muon anomalous magnetic moment in QED: three-loop electron and tau contributions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS; ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSIONS; G-2; GRAPHS; MASSES AB We present an analytic calculation of electron and O (alpha(3)) loop effects on the muon anomalous magnetic moment. Computation of such three-loop diagrams with three mass scales is possible using asymptotic and eikonal expaansions. An evaluation of a new type of eikonal integrals is presented in some detail. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-30055 Krakow, Poland. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Czarnecki, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 449 IS 3-4 BP 354 EP 360 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00076-3 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 178CU UT WOS:000079249200028 ER PT J AU Gu, YF Li, XH AF Gu, YF Li, XH TI On recent data of branching ratios for psi(2S)-> J/psi pi pi and psi(2S)-> J/psi eta SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB Recent data on branching ratios for psi(2S) decays to J/psi pi(+) pi(-), J/psi pi(0)pi(0) and J/psi eta are reviewed. An alternative treatment of data is proposed to get rid of the logical inconsistency which occurs in original computational procedure. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gu, YF (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 449 IS 3-4 BP 361 EP 363 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00107-0 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 178CU UT WOS:000079249200029 ER PT J AU Richards, GT York, DG Yanny, B Kollgaard, RI Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Vanden Berk, DE AF Richards, GT York, DG Yanny, B Kollgaard, RI Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Vanden Berk, DE TI Determining the fraction of intrinsic C IV absorption in quasi-stellar object absorption-line systems SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; MHZ SKY SURVEY; EMISSION REDSHIFT; RADIO PROPERTIES; QSOS; SPECTRA; EVOLUTION; MODELS; SAMPLE AB We present the results of an exhaustive study of QSO absorption line systems (QSOALSs) with respect to intrinsic QSO properties using an updated catalog of data in the literature. We have searched the literature for 6 and 20 cm radio flux densities and have studied 20 cm contour plots from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeters (FIRST) VL;A:Survey in order to compare the absorption properties with radio luminosity, radio spectral index, and radio morphology. Although the data in our catalog are decidedly heterogeneous, great care has been taken to account for potential biases during the course of our research. Analysis of relatively unbiased subcatalogs allows us to investigate the properties of QSOALSs with better statistics than with any single homogeneous catalog. This work focuses particularly on the nature of C rv QSOALSs and their ditribution in velocity space in light of intrinsic QSO properties. We find that the distribution of narrow,C Iv absorption systems with relative velocities exceeding 5000 km s(-1) is dependent not only on the optical luminosity of the QSOs but also on the radio luminosity, the radio spectral index, and the radio morphology of the QSOs. These observations are apparently inconsistent with the hypothesis that these systems are predominantly due to intervening galaxies, and it would seem that the contamination of the intervening systems (from 5000 to 75,000 km s(-1)) by those that are intrinsic to the environment of the QSO is significantly larger than expected. We stress the need for truly homogeneous and unbiased surveys of QSOALSs to confirm these results from our inhomogeneous data set. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Richards, GT (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Kirk Rd & Pine St, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 42 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 513 IS 2 BP 576 EP 591 DI 10.1086/306894 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187YG UT WOS:000079816000006 ER PT J AU Lovelace, RVE Li, H Colgate, SA Nelson, AF AF Lovelace, RVE Li, H Colgate, SA Nelson, AF TI Rossby wave instability of Keplerian accretion disks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; hydrodynamics; instabilities; waves ID MODES; STABILITY; SYSTEM AB We find a linear instability of nonaxisymmetric Rossby waves in a thin nonmagnetized Keplerian disk when there is a local maximum in the radial profile of a key function L(r) drop F(r)S-2/Gamma(r), where F-1 = (z) over cap . (V x v)/Sigma is the potential vorticity, S = P/Sigma(Gamma) is the entropy, Sigma is the surface mass density, P is the vertically integrated pressure, and r is the adiabatic index. We consider in detail the special case where there is a local maximum in the disk entropy profile S(r). This maximum acts to trap the waves in its vicinity if its height-to-width ratio max(S)/Delta r is larger than a threshold value. The pressure gradient derived from this entropy variation provides the restoring force for the wave growth. We show that the trapped waves act to transport angular momentum outward. A plausible way to produce an entropy variation is when an accretion disk is starting from negligible mass and temperature, therefore, negligible entropy. As mass accumulates by either tidal torquing, magnetic torquing, or Roche-lobe overflow, confinement of heat will lead to an entropy maximum at the outer boundary of the disk. Possible nonlinear developments from this instability include the formation of Rossby vortices and the formation of spiral shocks. What remains to be determined from hydrodynamic simulations is whether or not Rossby wave packets (or vortices) "hold together" as they propagate radially inward. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lovelace, RVE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 22 TC 210 Z9 212 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 513 IS 2 BP 805 EP 810 DI 10.1086/306900 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187YG UT WOS:000079816000025 ER PT J AU Qian, YZ Vogel, P Wasserburg, GJ AF Qian, YZ Vogel, P Wasserburg, GJ TI Neutrino fluence after r-process freezeout and abundances of Te isotopes in presolar diamonds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE elementary particles; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; solar system : formation; supernovae : general ID PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; SUPERNOVA EJECTA; PRIMITIVE CHONDRITES; METEORITE; GRAPHITE; CONDENSATION; CARBON; XENON; GASES AB Using the data of Richter, Ott, & Begemann on Te isotopes in diamond grains from a meteorite, we derive bounds on the neutrino fluence and the decay timescale of the neutrino flux relevant for the supernova r-process. Our new bound on the neutrino fluence F-after freezeout of the r-process peak at mass number A similar to 130 is more stringent than the previous bound F- less than or similar to 0.045 tin units of 10(37) ergs cm(-2)) of Qian et al. and Haxton et al., if the neutrino flux decays on a timescale <(tau)over cap> greater than or similar to 0.65 a. In particular, it requires that a fluence of F = 0.031 be provided by a neutrino flux with <(tau)over cap> less than or similar to 0.84 s. Such a fluence may be responsible for the production of the solar r-process abundances at A = 124-126. Our results are based on the assumption of Ott that only the stable nuclei implanted into the diamonds are retained, while the radioactive nuclei are lost from the diamonds upon decay after implantation. We consider that the nanodiamonds are condensed in an environment with C/O > 1 in the expanding supernova debris or from the exterior H envelope. This environment need not have the C-13/C-12 ratio of the bulk diamonds, since the Te- and Xe-containing nanodiamond grains are too rare to affect that ratio. The implantation of nuclei would have occurred similar to 10(4)-10(6) s after r-process freezeout. This time interval may be marginally sufficient to permit adequate cooling upon expansion for the formation of diamond grains. The mechanisms of preferential retention/loss of the implanted nuclei are not well understood. C1 CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Lunat Asylum, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Qian, YZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-5,MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI WASSERBURG, GERALD /F-6247-2011 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 513 IS 2 BP 956 EP 960 DI 10.1086/306896 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187YG UT WOS:000079816000040 ER PT J AU Kramarz, KW Klingler, RJ Fremgen, DE Rathke, JW AF Kramarz, KW Klingler, RJ Fremgen, DE Rathke, JW TI Toroid NMR probes for the in situ examination of homogeneous cobalt hydroformylation catalysts at high pressures and temperatures SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Applications of Spectroscopy in Catalysis at the Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 1998 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Amer Chem Soc ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; DICOBALT OCTACARBONYL; HYDROGENATION; CARBONYLATION; SENSITIVITY; MECHANISM; DETECTOR AB Toroid NMR probes can be routinely operated at 300 atm and up to 250 degrees C. Such operating conditions make these probes well suited for the in situ examination of catalytic industrial processes. These probes have been employed to examine phosphine substituted (Shell-type) and unsubstituted cobalt carbonyl oxo catalysts under catalytic and non-catalytic conditions in a variety of solvents. The solvents include cyclohexane, benzene, dioxane, 2-methylpropanol, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)), and scCO(2)/toluene mixtures. The high-pressure/high-temperature probes allowed the observation of precatalytic equilibria under high carbon monoxide pressures in the presence and absence of hydrogen and/or free phosphine. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rathke, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rtahke@cmt.anl.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 49 IS 4 BP 339 EP 352 DI 10.1016/S0920-5861(98)00448-9 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 177NT UT WOS:000079216900002 ER PT J AU Pruski, M Fernandez, C Lang, DP Amoureux, JP AF Pruski, M Fernandez, C Lang, DP Amoureux, JP TI Measurement of interatomic connectivities in molecular sieves using MQMAS-based methods SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Applications of Spectroscopy in Catalysis at the Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 1998 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Amer Chem Soc ID ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; SOLID-STATE NMR; INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; ECHO DOUBLE-RESONANCE; CROSS-POLARIZATION; HETERONUCLEAR-CORRELATION; SPIN-1/2 NUCLEI; SPINS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA AB The multiple-quantum magic angle spinning (MQMAS) NMR method can be extended to allow for investigation of the interatomic connectivities between quadrupolar and spin-1/2 nuclei. Several new experiments will be reviewed that combine MQMAS with cross polarization (CP) or heteronuclear recoupling via rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) in order to probe the dipolar interactions between quadrupolar and spin-1/2 nuclei under high-resolution conditions. The theoretical and experimental aspects of the spin dynamics involved in these new methods will be discussed. Examples of experimental results will be presented, involving the H-1-Al-27, and F-19-Al-27 spin pairs in fluorinated and hydrated aluminophosphates. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Lille, LDSMM, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Pruski, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI fernandez, christian/C-3158-2008 OI fernandez, christian/0000-0002-5476-3148 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 49 IS 4 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1016/S0920-5861(98)00445-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 177NT UT WOS:000079216900007 ER PT J AU Morariu, B AF Morariu, B TI Path integral quantization of the symplectic leaves of the SU(2)* Poisson-Lie group SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM 2-SPHERE AB The Feynman path integral is used to quantize the symplectic leaves of the Poisson-Lie group SU(2)*. In this way we obtain the unitary representations of U-q(su(2)). This is achieved by finding explicit Darboux coordinates and then using a phase space path integral. I discuss the *-structure of SU(2)* and give a detailed description of its leaves using various parametrizations. I also compare the results with the path integral quantization of spin. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Morariu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 14 IS 6 BP 919 EP 936 DI 10.1142/S0217751X99000452 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 178RL UT WOS:000079279900006 ER PT J AU Ortiz, G Jones, MD AF Ortiz, G Jones, MD TI Exploring the quantum world of complex states SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories CY JUL, 1997 CL UNIV NEW SOUTH WALES, SCH PHYS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO UNIV NEW SOUTH WALES, SCH PHYS ID STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELD; HYDROGENLIKE GAS; MONTE-CARLO; ATOMS; SUPERFLUIDITY; MOLECULES AB Solving the fundamental microscopic equations of interacting quantum particles is a goal of many-body physicists. Statistical methods reduce the complexity of the problem by sampling phase space selectively using random-walks and real states. Many interesting physical phenomena (e.g., electrons in external magnetic fields) involve systems whose state functions are inherently complex-valued. The Fixed-Phase method is a stochastic approach to deal with such problems. Its key ingredient is a trial phase that plays the role of gauge function in the transformation that maps the original fermion (or boson) problem to a boson problem for the modulus of the state function. The Released-Phase method relaxes that constraint and allows us to obtain, in principle, the "exact" properties, although it is subjected to the infamous "phase problem." In our tour of the (complex) Quantum World, we will show how these methods have been successfully applied to a wide variety of physical phenomena ranging from quantum Hall topological fluids and Wigner crystals to the study of the core structure of vortices in superfluid He-4 and atomic systems in superstrong magnetic fields found in astrophysical settings. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ortiz, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1142/S0217979299000424 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 201ZN UT WOS:000080627800014 ER PT J AU Li, D Nishijima, A Morris, DE AF Li, D Nishijima, A Morris, DE TI Zeolite-supported Ni and Mo catalysts for hydrotreatments - I. Catalytic activity and spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE zeolite-supported Ni-Mo catalysts; hydrocracking; hydrodesulfurization; NH3 temperature-programmed desorption; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; Na and Al K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure ID FAUJASITE-TYPE ZEOLITES; SULFIDE CATALYSTS; NAY ZEOLITE; ULTRASTABLE ZEOLITE; LATTICE OXYGENS; HYDRODESULFURIZATION; NICKEL; HYDROCRACKING; MOLYBDENUM; ACIDITY AB The catalytic hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and hydrocracking (HC) of decalin, tetralin, and diphenylmethan (DMP) over Ni-Mo sulfide catalysts supported on ultrastable Y-type (USY) zeolite have been studied. The catalysts are characterized using NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Na and Al K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). Ni-Mo sulfide catalyst supported on USY zeolite has an unusually high catalytic activity for the hydrotreating reactions of the model compounds compared with other zeolites and their supported catalysts, NH3 TPD shows the presence of a strong acid site at about 430 degrees C in USY zeolite and its supported Ni-Mo catalyst, which is dominantly characterized by Bronsted acidity. The surface concentrations of Ni and Mo in both calcined and sulfided Ni-Mo/USY zeolite catalysts are very low, indicating that the Ni and Mo phases are present in the crystal structure of USY zeolite. The diffuse reflectance spectra of calcined Ni-Mo/USY catalyst show that Mo is dominantly four-coordinate with oxygen and Ni is six-coordinate, consistent with the Ni and Mo species being present in the crystal structure of USY zeolite, Al Kedge XANES spectra of calcined Ni-Mo/USY catalyst also indicate the presence of extra-framework Al, and the content of the extraframework Al is much higher in Ni-Mo/USY than in Ni-Mo/NaY catalyst. However, there is no evidence that the extra-framework Al contributes to the acidity and the increased catalytic activity. Thus, the high catalytic HDS and HC activities of Ni-Mo/USY compared with other zeolites and their supported Ni-Mo catalysts are attributed to the synergistic effect between the strong Bronsted acid sites and the Ni and Mo sulfide phases in the sodalite cage and/or supercage of USY zeolite. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Mat & Chem Res, Dept Surface Chem, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, EES-1,MS D469, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dienli@lanl.gov RI Morris, David/A-8577-2012; Li, Dien/N-6370-2014 NR 44 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 182 IS 2 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1006/jcat.1998.2326 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 175DG UT WOS:000079076900006 ER PT J AU Nihei, KT Yi, WD Myer, LR Cook, NGW Schoenberg, M AF Nihei, KT Yi, WD Myer, LR Cook, NGW Schoenberg, M TI Fracture channel waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC INTERFACE WAVES; TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES; REFLECTION; CRACKS; FAULT; MEDIA AB The properties of guided waves which propagate between two parallel fractures are examined. Plane wave analysis is used to obtain a dispersion equation for the velocities of fracture channel waves. Analysis of this equation demonstrates that parallel fractures form an elastic waveguide that supports two symmetric and two antisymmetric dispersive Rayleigh channel waves, each with particle motions and velocities that are sensitive to the: normal and tangential stiffnesses of the fractures. These fracture channel waves degenerate to shear waves when the fracture stiffnesses are large, to Rayleigh waves and Rayleigh-Lamb plate waves when the fracture stiffnesses are low, and to fracture interface waves when the fractures are either very closely spaced or widely separated. For intermediate fracture stiffnesses typical of fractured rock masses, fracture channel waves are dispersive and exhibit moderate to strong localization of guided wave energy between the fractures. The existence of these waves is examined using laboratory acoustic measurements on a fractured marble plate. This experiment confirms the distinct particle motion of the fundamental antisymmetric fracture channel wave (A(0) mode) and demonstrates the ease with which a fracture channel wave can be generated and detected. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nihei, KT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ktnihei@lbl.gov; weidong@friction.lbl.gov; lrmyer@lbl.gov; mike@ridgefield.sdr.slb.com RI Nihei, Kurt/K-1239-2016 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 104 IS B3 BP 4769 EP 4781 DI 10.1029/1998JB900100 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 176HN UT WOS:000079145800002 ER PT J AU Pidcock, E DeBeer, S Obias, HV Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Karlin, KD Solomon, EI AF Pidcock, E DeBeer, S Obias, HV Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Karlin, KD Solomon, EI TI A study of solid [{Cu(MePY2)}(2)O-2](2+) using resonance Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopies: An intermediate Cu2O2 core structure or a solid solution? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REVERSIBLE DIOXYGEN BINDING; O-O BOND; DICOPPER(I) COMPLEXES; BIS(MU-OXO)DICOPPER COMPLEXES; MULTICOPPER OXIDASES; COPPER(I) COMPLEXES; OXYGEN INSERTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITES; MODEL SYSTEM AB Solid [{Cu(MePY2)}(2)O-2](2+) is spectroscopically characterized using resonance Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, for which the former technique probes the nature of the O-O bond and the latter defines the Cu-Cu interaction. In contrast to the crystal structure obtained for [{Cu(MePY2)}(2)O-2](2+), which shows an "intermediate" Cu2O2 core (Cu-Cu = 3.3 Angstrom and O-O = 1.6 Angstrom), resonance Raman peaks characteristic of both a side-on peroxide-bridged dicopper(II) core and bis-mu-oxo dicopper(III) core are observed. The bis-mu-oxo isomer is estimated to be present at approximately 5-20%. A good fit is obtained for EXAFS data for solid [{Cu(MePY2)}(2)O-2](2+) using an 80:20 ratio of Cu-Cu separations of 3.6 Angstrom (characteristic of a side-on peroxide-bridged copper core) and 2.8 Angstrom (associated with a bis-mu-oxo dicopper core). Analysis of the edge region places an upper limit on the amount of bis-mu-oxo isomer present in the solid at 40%. The factors governing the presence of bis-mu-oxo and/or side-on peroxide cores in solution for differing ligand systems are considered, and the contribution of the bite angle of the equatorial nitrogen atom donors is explored. The reactivity of [{Cu(MePY2)}(2)O-2](2+) in solution is correlated with the presence of the bis-mu-oxo core, using frontier molecular orbital theory. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Solomon, EI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM solomon@chem.stanford.edu RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012 NR 52 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 9 BP 1870 EP 1878 DI 10.1021/ja983444s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176GR UT WOS:000079143700013 ER PT J AU Herrera, JN Cummings, PT Ruiz-Estrada, H AF Herrera, JN Cummings, PT Ruiz-Estrada, H TI Static structure factor for simple liquid metals SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN SPHERICAL APPROXIMATION; ORNSTEIN-ZERNIKE EQUATION; HARD-SPHERES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; DENSITY APPROXIMATION; YUKAWA CLOSURE; MIXTURE; SYSTEM; FLUID; MSA AB The structure factors S(k) for simple liquid metals are calculated using a model fluid composed of hard spheres of Yukawa-type in the mean spherical approximation. The solution of the Ornstein-Zernike equation for the direct correlation function is exact and the analytic expressions are obtained for the structure factor. These expressions are then used to predict structure factors for a number of simple liquid metals, leading to good agreement with experimental data. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Fac Ciencias Fisicomatemat, Puebla 72001, Mexico. RP Herrera, JN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, 419 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 EI 1362-3028 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 5 BP 835 EP 847 DI 10.1080/002689799165224 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 177HV UT WOS:000079205300011 ER PT J AU Tucker, JD Spruill, MD Ramsey, MJ Director, AD Nath, J AF Tucker, JD Spruill, MD Ramsey, MJ Director, AD Nath, J TI Frequency of spontaneous chromosome aberrations in mice: effects of age SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE mouse; chromosome aberration; aging; strain ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MOUSE; RADIATION; TRANSLOCATIONS; PERSISTENCE; STRAINS; PROBES; CANCER AB In this paper, we present data on chromosome aberration frequencies in mice which served as unexposed controls in a variety of radiation and chemical toxicology experiments conducted in our laboratory in recent years. All chromosome aberration data were obtained by chromosome painting. In peripheral blood lymphocytes from 102 animals, the frequencies of translocations and insertions increased significantly with age. No increase with age was seen for dicentrics or acentric fragments, When the data were analyzed by strain, the age-related increase in translocation frequencies was observed only in the 71 homozygous C57BL/6 mice and not in any of the three heterozygous strains. Very few aberrations of any type were observed in 62 bone marrow samples, and no effect of age was seen for any aberration type in this tissue. These results are similar to those observed in unexposed humans, and suggest that the increase in translocations is not the result of accumulated damage from chronic 'background' environmental exposures but instead may be due to biological processes associated with aging. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Cellular Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Coll Agr & Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 24 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 425 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(99)00036-6 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 178EN UT WOS:000079253500014 PM 10082924 ER PT J AU Feibelman, PJ AF Feibelman, PJ TI Scaling of hopping self-diffusion barriers on fcc(100) surfaces with bulk bond energies SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; metals; surface diffusion ID GRADIENT CORRECTIONS; METAL-SURFACES; ELECTRON; ADATOMS; NUCLEATION; MOBILITY; CU(100); PT(001); DIMERS; GROWTH AB To within similar to 10%, the hopping-self-diffusion barrier calculated by means of the generalized gradient approximation for an unreconstructed fcc(100) metal surface equals one-sixth the bulk cohesive energy of the corresponding metal. This simple rule holds for Al, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag and Au, and serves as a standard by which to judge if a measured diffusion barrier is unusual. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pjfeibe@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00889-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 181FV UT WOS:000079431400011 ER PT J AU Bartelt, MC Evans, JW AF Bartelt, MC Evans, JW TI Temperature dependence of kinetic roughening during metal(100) homoepitaxy: transition between 'mounding' and smooth growth SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE kinetic roughening; metal(100) homoepitaxy; mound formation; step-edge barriers ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; THIN-FILM GROWTH; X-RAY-SCATTERING; BY-LAYER GROWTH; ORIENTATION DEPENDENCE; BALLISTIC DEPOSITION; PATTERN-FORMATION; DIFFUSION; NUCLEATION AB From simulations of a realistic lattice-gas model for metal(100) homoepitaxy, we analyze the temperature (T) dependence of the film roughness (or interface width), of the effective roughening exponent, of the local step-density, and of the persistence of the Bragg intensity oscillations. By also analyzing the dependence on T of the lateral mass currents of deposited atoms, we reveal a kinetic phase transition from a regime of 'mounding' at higher T, to a regime of 'reentrant' smooth growth at lower T. Application of these results for the cases of Ag, Fe, and Cu homoepitaxy is discussed. Finally, we also describe some features of the dynamics of deposited atoms that could lead to the recovery of rough growth at very low T. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bartelt, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mcb@io.ca.sandia.gov NR 73 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00906-6 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 181FV UT WOS:000079431400013 ER PT J AU Simpson, WC Wang, WK Yarmoff, JA Orlando, TM AF Simpson, WC Wang, WK Yarmoff, JA Orlando, TM TI Photon- and electron-stimulated desorption of O+ from zirconia SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron-stimulated desorption (ESD); photon-stimulated desorption (PSD); ZrO2 surfaces ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; RAY-PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDE THIN-FILMS; SURFACE OXIDATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ENERGY-LOSS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; POLYCRYSTALLINE ZIRCONIUM; AUGER-ELECTRON; ZRO2 SURFACES AB We present a study of the photon- and electron-simulated desorption (PSD and ESD) of cations from yttria-stabilized cubic ZrO2(100) and undoped amorphous ZrO2 surfaces. For both types of zirconia, O+ is the primary ionic desorption product. A weak threshold for ESD of O+ from yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia (YSZ) is observed at similar to 26-27 eV with a rapid rise above similar to 30 eV. The PSD threshold from YSZ is similar to 31 +/- 1 eV. This is essentially the same as the O+ ESD and PSD thresholds (similar to 30 +/- 1 eV) from undoped amorphous ZrO2 surfaces. The PSD O+ kinetic energy distributions extend from 0 to similar to 7 eV with a peak at similar to 2 eV and are similar from both surfaces. A comparison of the ion threshold data with photoelectron spectra indicates that desorption of O+ is primarily initiated by excitation of the Zr(4p) core level. All of the evidence is consistent with a desorption mechanism, in which the O+ ions are produced and ejected from the surface via a multi-electron Auger decay process. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Orlando, TM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MS K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00908-X PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 181FV UT WOS:000079431400015 ER PT J AU Ko, JS Gellman, AJ Lograsso, TA Jenks, CJ Thiel, PA AF Ko, JS Gellman, AJ Lograsso, TA Jenks, CJ Thiel, PA TI Friction between single-grain Al70Pd21Mn9 quasicrystal surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adhesion; alloys; friction; oxide; quasicrystalline interfaces; quasicrystals; tribology ID ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; PD(111) SURFACE; QUASI-CRYSTALS; SULFUR; RANGE; LUBRICATION; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR AB An UHV tribometer was used to make measurements of friction between the five-fold surfaces of two single-grain Al70Pd21Mn9 quasicrystals. The surfaces of these quasicrystal samples were either truly clean or modified by controlled adsorption of desired species. The results of many (similar to 200) single-pass friction measurements using clean quasicrystal surfaces indicate that the average static friction coefficient is mu(s) = 0.60 +/- 0.08. The friction coefficient of the perfectly clean quasicrystal surfaces is lower than those reported for the perfectly clean surfaces of many pure metals but is higher than those measured on quasicrystal surfaces exposed to air. Under shear the quasicrystal surfaces slide over one another without exhibiting stick-slip behavior or adhesion. This behavior differs from clean metal surfaces that often exhibit adhesion after being brought into contact in ultra-high vacuum. Studies were performed to determine the effects of surface oxidation, surface structure and surface composition on quasicrystal friction. During the early stages of oxidation the static friction coefficient decreased to a limit of mu(s) = 0.35 +/- 0.05. More subtle changes to the quasicrystal surfaces such as adsorption of sulfur or formation of a thin Al-Pd-Mn alloy of CsCl structure produced no significant changes in the static friction coefficient. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gellman, AJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Gellman, Andrew/M-2487-2014 OI Gellman, Andrew/0000-0001-6618-7427 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00911-X PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 181FV UT WOS:000079431400017 ER PT J AU Lloyd, JA Manner, WL Paffett, MT AF Lloyd, JA Manner, WL Paffett, MT TI Methanol adsorption and reactivity at uranium and UO2 surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adsorption; methanol; uranium; uranium oxide ID OXIDE-BASED CATALYSTS; ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; C-O BOND; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY; SPECTROSCOPIC IDENTIFICATION; DECOMPOSITION PATHWAYS; ALCOHOL DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PLATINUM; PD(111) AB The interaction of methanol (CH3OD) with polycrystalline uranium and UO2 has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS), thermal desorption-mass spectrometry (TDMS) and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) over the temperature range 90-500 K. Low-temperature (similar to 90 K) adsorption on uranium resulted in the formation of methoxy species along with condensed-phase adsorbed methanol. Room-temperature adsorption of methanol (or annealing an adsorbed methanol adlayer to 300 K) on uranium produces a mixture of methoxy and a uranium oxycarbide. Further heating to 400 K completely decomposes the adsorbed methoxy species, with 10% desorbing as methane and the remaining methoxide irreversibly converting to an uranium oxycarbide overlayer of nominal composition UO0.66C0.34. Concomitant with these carbon-fragment-conversion processes, desorption of hydrogen and deuterium are also seen over a wide temperature regime (325-450 K). Methanol-d adsorption on UO2 also produces a methoxy surface species at surfaces temperatures <150 K. Adsorbate decomposition following thermal desorption releases gaseous CH4, H-2, HD, D-2 and CO. Most of the oxygen derived from the methanol molecule (>90%) was incorporated into the UO2 layer and all of the adsorbed carbon desorbs from the surface as one of the molecular species identified above. The reactive adsorption and thermal decomposition of methanol at uranium and UO2 surfaces is compared with that observed at other metal and metal oxide surfaces. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Paffett, MT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mtp@lanl.gov NR 47 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00914-5 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 181FV UT WOS:000079431400019 ER PT J AU Rosso, KM Hochella, MF AF Rosso, KM Hochella, MF TI A UHV STM/STS and ab initio investigation of covellite {001} surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ab initio; covellite {001} surfaces; low energy electron diffraction; scanning tunneling microscopy; scanning tunneling spectroscopy; Schottky barrier; surface structure; ultra-high vacuum; ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SULFIDE MINERALS; COPPER; CHEMISTRY; SPECTRA; SULFUR; CUS AB Covellite (CuS) {001} surfaces are examined in ultra-high vacuum using atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The layered structure of covellite is predicted to cleave along two possible basal planes based on a bond critical point analysis of the electron density from ab initio periodic calculations. The electronic structures of the two surfaces are expected to differ primarily based on the presence of copper dangling bond states, which have an impact on the interpretation of STM/STS data. The calculated total density of states for the three-dimensional crystal are in good agreement with He I valence band spectra and the calculations indicate that the highest occupied states are of S 3p character. Atomically resolved STM images show a periodic hexagonal array of surface sites consistent with the measured surface lattice constant using LEED. Atomically resolved STS spectra show n-type rectifying behavior due to the presence of a Schottky barrier and tip modification of the bending of the bulk bands in the sample. This behavior is indicative of a band gap surface which is due to the lack of copper dangling bonds. In this case, high tunneling current sites are assigned to S sites. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Rosso, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.rosso@pnl.gov NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP 364 EP 374 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00941-8 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 181FV UT WOS:000079431400027 ER PT J AU Norman, AG Olson, JM Geisz, JF Moutinho, HR Mason, A Al-Jassim, MM Vernon, SM AF Norman, AG Olson, JM Geisz, JF Moutinho, HR Mason, A Al-Jassim, MM Vernon, SM TI Ge-related faceting and segregation during the growth of metastable (GaAs)(1-x)(Ge-2)(x) alloy layers by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TANDEM SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; (GAAS)1-XGE2X; MICROSCOPY; TRANSITION AB (GaAs)(1-x)(Ge-2)(x) alloy layers, 0 1 and momentum transfers from Q(2) = 1-7 (GeV/c)(2). When analyzed in terms of the y-scaling function the data show for the first time an approach to scaling for values of the initial nucleon momenta significantly greater than the nuclear matter Fermi momentum (i.e., >0.3 GeV/c). C1 Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. CALTECH, Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Arrington, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Averett, Todd/A-2969-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Rondon Aramayo, Oscar/B-5880-2013; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934 NR 23 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2056 EP 2059 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2056 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173AX UT WOS:000078959700012 ER PT J AU Bowe, P Hornekaer, L Brodersen, C Drewsen, M Hangst, JS Schiffer, JP AF Bowe, P Hornekaer, L Brodersen, C Drewsen, M Hangst, JS Schiffer, JP TI Sympathetic crystallization of trapped ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-COOLED IONS; QUADRUPOLE STORAGE RING; COULOMB CRYSTAL; PHASE; PLASMA; ORDER AB We have created multispecies Coulomb crystals in a linear Paul trap containing up to a few hundred ions of which more than 50% were cooled only sympathetically through the Coulomb interaction with laser-cooled Mg+ ions. In an extreme case, one laser-cooled ion maintained order in a 15 ion string. Ion species segregation was obtained by radiation pressure. Previous experiments and molecular dynamics simulations suggest the temperature is 10 mK or lower. These results indicate that a wide range of atomic and molecular ions can be cooled and localized in linear Paul traps which is important for improvements in spectroscopic studies of such ions. C1 Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Bowe, P (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2071 EP 2074 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2071 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173AX UT WOS:000078959700016 ER PT J AU Fedorov, AV Valla, T Johnson, PD Li, Q Gu, GD Koshizuka, N AF Fedorov, AV Valla, T Johnson, PD Li, Q Gu, GD Koshizuka, N TI Temperature dependent photoemission studies of optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; DOPING DEPENDENCE; NORMAL-STATE; GAP; PSEUDOGAP AB High resolution angle-resolved photoemission is used to study the electronic structure of optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 These studies, with an energy resolution of 8 meV, show that the sharp peak observed in the superconducting state has an intrinsic width of the order of 14 meV. Detailed temperature dependent studies reveal that this peak is fixed in binding energy at all temperatures at which it is observable and further that it exists at temperatures even above the superconducting transition temperature T-c. However, our analysis indicates that with the onset of long range phase coherence a gap emerges in the spectral response between the main incoherent peak and the Fermi level. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. ISTEC, Superconduct Res Lab, Koto Ku, Tokyo 135, Japan. RP Fedorov, AV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2179 EP 2182 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2179 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173AX UT WOS:000078959700043 ER PT J AU Langridge, S Paixao, JA Bernhoeft, N Vettier, C Lander, GH Gibbs, D Sorensen, SA Stunault, A Wermeille, D Talik, E AF Langridge, S Paixao, JA Bernhoeft, N Vettier, C Lander, GH Gibbs, D Sorensen, SA Stunault, A Wermeille, D Talik, E TI Changes in 5d band polarization in rare-earth compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC SCATTERING; DICHROISM; RESONANCE; HOLMIUM AB X-ray resonant magnetic scattering has been used to examine the magnetic interactions coupling the rare earth and iron sublattices in the antiferromagnetic compound DyFe4Al8. Dramatic differences are observed in the temperature dependencies of the energy profiles at resonance depending on whether the photon energy is tuned to the Dy L-2 or L-3 absorption edge. In particular, for temperatures increasing from 10 K, the resonant scattering intensity at the L-3 edge decreases whereas that at the L-2 edge rises. We suggest a physical model capable of reproducing these phenomena. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, European Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Solid State Phys Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Langridge, S (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Paixao, Jose/F-5077-2012; OI Paixao, Jose/0000-0003-4634-7395; Langridge, Sean/0000-0003-1104-0772 NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2187 EP 2190 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2187 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173AX UT WOS:000078959700045 ER PT J AU Rosenau, P Levy, D AF Rosenau, P Levy, D TI Compactons in a class of nonlinearly quintic equations SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID SOLITARY-WAVE SOLUTIONS; SOLITONS; DISPERSION AB We introduce a nonlinear dispersive quintic equation. Its travelling waves are governed by a linear equation. We construct a large variety of explicit compact solitary waves. Some of these compactons are very robust, others decompose very quickly. Numerical simulations also reveal the existence of compact travelling breathers. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Math Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rosenau, P (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Math Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 10 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD MAR 8 PY 1999 VL 252 IS 6 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(99)00012-2 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 171FJ UT WOS:000078851800005 ER PT J AU Lee, CE AF Lee, CE TI Singularities in the transverse electromagnetic field of a compact source SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE disclination; electromagnetic fields; topological constraint; foliation; zero set; radiation sphere ID RANDOM WAVE-FIELDS; PHASE SINGULARITIES; DISLOCATIONS; POLARIZATION; DIFFRACTION; ZEROS AB Singularities that occur at the nulls of the electric and magnetic components of a transverse electromagnetic field, established by a compact source in R-3, are topologically guaranteed to exist on any radiation sphere enclosing the source. A radiation sphere can support both isolated and non-isolated singularities. A minimum of two isolated singularities, each with index +1, are guaranteed to exist on a radiation sphere. The isolated singularities exist in a topologically stable network, being created or annihilated only in pairs as they move away from the source along zero trajectories. Non-isolated singularities, when they occur, take the form of closed curves on a radiation sphere. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, CE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 8 PY 1999 VL 455 IS 1983 BP 943 EP 960 DI 10.1098/rspa.1999.0343 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 175NL UT WOS:000079100500010 ER PT J AU Ward, BFL Jadach, S AF Ward, BFL Jadach, S TI Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi evolution and the renormalization group improved Yennie-Frautschi-Suura theory in QCD SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID TOP-QUARK PRODUCTION; PERTURBATIVE EXPANSIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GAUGE THEORIES; CROSS-SECTION; SCATTERING; EXPONENTIATION; ENERGIES; ORDER; SERIES AB We show that the recently derived renormalization group improved Yenni-Frautschi-Suura (YFS) exponentiation of soft, (k(0) --> 0) gluons in QCD is fully compatible with the usual Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution of the structure functions of hadrons in the respective hadron-hadron hard interactions. We show how to implement the YFS exponentiation without double or over counting effects already implied by the DGLAP equation. In this way, we arrive at a theory which allows for the development of realistic, multiple gluon Monte-Carlo event generators for hard hadron-hadron scattering processes in which the DGLAP evolved structure functions are correctly synthesized with the respective YFS exponentiated soft gluon effects in a rigorous way. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. RP Ward, BFL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD MAR 7 PY 1999 VL 14 IS 7 BP 491 EP 500 DI 10.1142/S0217732399000547 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 190JZ UT WOS:000079960600003 ER PT J AU Radziszewski, JG AF Radziszewski, JG TI Electronic absorption spectrum of phenyl radical SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLID ARGON AB The electronic absorption spectrum of matrix-isolated phenyl radical has been determined in the entire 52000-4000 cm(-1) region. It consists of three band systems corresponding to transitions to three excited electronic states: B-2(1), with origin at 510.5 nm/2.43 eV (epsilon = 2.8 L mol(-1) cm(-1)); (2)A(1), with lambda(max) = 235.1 nm/5.27 eV (epsilon = 220 L mol(-1) cm(-1)), and B-2(2) with the origin at 211.5 nm/5.86 eV (epsilon = 1650 L mol(-1) cm(-1)). These transitions are attributed to the phenyl radical on the basis of the strict correlation of their intensity evolution in simultaneously measured IR and UV-visible spectra. Consistent results were obtained from several independent precursors. The transition symmetries were derived from polarization measurements on photo-oriented samples. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Radziszewski, JG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jradzisz@nrel.nrel.gov NR 21 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 301 IS 5-6 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00050-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 173PN UT WOS:000078989100023 ER PT J AU Filley, J Roth, C AF Filley, J Roth, C TI Vanadium catalyzed guaiacol deoxygenation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE guaiacol; vanadium oxide; phenol; alpha-terpinene ID CARBON-OXYGEN BOND; OXIDE CATALYSTS; PYROLYSIS OILS; OXIDATION; BIOMASS; HYDROGENOLYSIS; HYDROCRACKING; HYDROCARBONS; REDUCTION; CLEAVAGE AB The first row transition metals (vanadium to zinc) supported on alumina were evaluated for their ability to catalyze the formation of phenol from guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) at atmospheric pressure and 350 degrees C. Vanadium oxide on alumina had the highest activity for phenol formation. The vanadium catalyst was studied in more detail, and the highest yields of phenol and methylated phenols, and the lowest yields of coke, were obtained when an organic reductant, such as alpha-terpinene, was co-fed with the guaiacol. The vanadium catalyst remained active for a significant period of time on stream (8 g of feed per g of catalyst), even with 20% coke present on the catalyst. The possible benefits of vanadium in new biomass upgrading catalysts are discussed, and a reaction mechanism is proposed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Filley, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 139 IS 2-3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S1381-1169(98)00202-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 162RZ UT WOS:000078361700016 ER PT J AU Stevenson, KP Kimmel, GA Dohnalek, Z Smith, RS Kay, BD AF Stevenson, KP Kimmel, GA Dohnalek, Z Smith, RS Kay, BD TI Controlling the morphology of amorphous solid water SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS; ICE; ADSORPTION; GROWTH; ENERGY; GASES AB The morphology of amorphous solid water grown by vapor deposition was found to depend strongly on the angular distribution of the water molecules incident from the gas phase. Systematic variation of the incident angle during deposition using a collimated beam of water led to the growth of nonporous to highly porous amorphous solid water. The physical and chemical properties of amorphous solid water are of interest because of its presence in astrophysical environments. The ability to control its properties in the laboratory may shed light on some of the outstanding conflicts related to this important material. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kay, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Scott/G-2310-2015; OI Smith, Scott/0000-0002-7145-1963; Dohnalek, Zdenek/0000-0002-5999-7867 NR 32 TC 300 Z9 301 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 283 IS 5407 BP 1505 EP 1507 DI 10.1126/science.283.5407.1505 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 173AR UT WOS:000078959200038 ER PT J AU Iota, V Yoo, CS Cynn, H AF Iota, V Yoo, CS Cynn, H TI Quartzlike carbon dioxide: An optically nonlinear extended solid at high pressures and temperatures SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CO2; PHASE; ICE; COMPRESSION; GENERATION; SILICA; RAMAN AB An extended-solid phase, carbon dioxide phase V (CO2-V), was synthesized in a diamond anvil cell by Laser heating the molecular orthorhombic phase, carbon dioxide phase III, above 40 gigapascals and 1800 kelvin. This new material can be quenched to ambient temperature above 1 gigapascal. The vibration spectrum of CO2-V is similar to that of the quartz polymorph of silicon dioxide, indicating that it is an extended covalent solid with carbon-oxygen single bonds. This material is also optically nonlinear, generating the second harmonic of a neodymium-yttrium-lithium-fluoride Laser at a wavelength of 527 nanometers with a conversion efficiency that is near 0.1 percent. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yoo, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM yoo1@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 189 Z9 195 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 283 IS 5407 BP 1510 EP 1513 DI 10.1126/science.283.5407.1510 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 173AR UT WOS:000078959200040 ER PT J AU Bennett, K Varma, R Von Dreele, RB AF Bennett, K Varma, R Von Dreele, RB TI Texture development in S200-D, -E and P31664 beryllium blocks from neutron diffraction spectra SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article AB The mechanical behavior of beryllium is important in a range of Department of Energy (DOE) weapons applications. Its unique high elastic modulus, modulus-to-density ratio and strength-to-density ratio make beryllium an ideal material for aerospace vehicles and weapons components (1-3). Because of its unique properties and the range of important applications, beryllium has already been extensively investigated. Strain rate sensitivity, work hardening, temperature-dependent viscosity, anisotropic fracture, grain size effects and oxide content are a few physical and chemical factors that have been measured and collated to create a database allowing prediction of its constitutive properties (4-8). Finite element codes have been used to simulate stress during crack propagation in metals that may be applied to beryllium (9). However, successful utilization of beryllium depends on an accurate description of its microstructure as a function of fabrication and forming history. Texture, preferred crystallographic orientation, is an important microstructural parameter that we use in this paper to characterize structure as a function of manufacturing process for three archived beryllium structural grades. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) maintains a stock of various vintages of structural (nuclear grade) beryllium which has been made by a variety of fabrication processes (3). Texture in beryllium has been observed qualitatively in previous studies, however it has never been investigated systematically or quantitatively (10,8). In this study we determine quantitatively the texture as a function of processing history in specimens cut from three vacuum hot pressed (VHP) block beryllium grades S200-D, -E, and P31664 which have been used in various components over the years. Hot pressing of metal powders has been known to produce preferential alignment of crystals during formation (11). Moreover, it has been shown that the standard production method of beryllium powder creates anisomorphic grain shape and preferred alignment of crystals (3). The vintages in this study were hot-pressed from processed beryllium powder, and therefore texture was anticipated. Texture is directly linked to anisotropic physical properties of (12). For predicting material anisotropic fracture behavior and flow in beryllium, a knowledge of texture is critical. It has long been recognized that single crystals of beryllium exhibit highly anisotropic behavior (for a through review see (13)). The deformation of beryllium at ambient temperature occurs by motion of dislocations with burgers vectors of (1 1 (2) over bar 0), the direction of closest atom packing. Such dislocations can move on the (0001) plane, which is the closest packed plane. They can also move on (10 (1) over bar 0) prism planes, often at much higher resolved shear stress. The operation of (1 1 (2) over bar 0) (10 (1) over bar 0), temperatures. Characterizing beryllium texture quantitatively performance prediction of components made from it. temperature. of one or the ether systems, (1 1 (2) over bar 0) (0001) or 1 will depend on which system is most favorably oriented to the direction of applied stress (14). The brittleness of polycrystalline beryllium results from two circumstances. First, the number of independent slip systems is not sufficient to satisfy the Von Mises requirement of 5 independent slip systems in order re, maintain grain-to-grain compatibility. Coincidentally, at ambient temperature there are no mobile dislocations with a c-axis component. Secondly, cleavage fracture is I 1 also common in beryllium because the stress for cleavage on bbasal (0001) planes is quite low at ambient temperatures. Characterizing beryllium texture quantitatively is thus crucial fur mechanical analysis and Processing of vacuum cast beryllium into powder has been historically carried out by Braun-type attrition methods when a machined beryllium swarf is ground between two opposed beryllium disks to a powder that is then mechanically sieved inside a vacuum. Particles less than 44 micron diameter are then used for consolidation. This method was used for both S200-D and -E vintages. This method produces flattened powder particles because basal cleavage is favored. In the 1970's the method for processing of vacuum cast beryllium into powder was changed in order to increase the mechanical isotropy of the material (by producing more isomorphic grains, thus decreasing the difference between longitudinal and transverse properties). New methods such as impact grinding and ball milling were introduced to beryllium powder processing. During impact grinding a beryllium swarf is Do-ground, usually by pin milling, and pre-ground particles are accelerated through a gas stream, impacting on a beryllium target. Particles less than 44 microns in diameter are collected by a cyclone separator for consolidation. While impact grinding and Braun-type attrition produced similar grain-size beryllium powders, they resulted in very different grain morphologies. The latter method produced flat pancake-like grains and the former produced round grains (3). The three vintages in this study were all vacuum hot pressed (VHP). In this procedure beryllium powder is compacted under uniaxial pressure at high In this paper we present a quantitative texture analysis of 14 specimens cut from either S200-D -E or P31664 vintage billets from the LANL archive. The billets were sectioned for time-of-night (TOF) neutron diffraction measurements to allow comparison of microstructural differences between vintages. Neutron diffraction is ideal for investigating structural propel ties in beryllium because the neutron absorption of beryllium is negligible and bulk (2 cm(3)) specimens can therefore be investigated. Moreover, the polychromatic TOF radiation in this study provides significant statistical advantages for texture measurements compared to the traditional method of monochromatic x-ray diffraction. Even order harmonic coefficients are extracted from a combination of 50 - 60 TOF neutron diffraction spectra containing a total of 40,000-60,000 data points via a Rietveld refinement method (15). Selected pole figures are subsequently calculated from these harmonic coefficients. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bennett, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 40 IS 7 BP 825 EP 830 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00014-7 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 187AL UT WOS:000079763700012 ER PT J AU Berman, A Charych, D AF Berman, A Charych, D TI Uniaxial alignment of cadmium sulfide on polymerized films: Electron microscopy and diffraction study SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTOR PARTICLES; INORGANIC PHASE; CRYSTALLIZATION; MONOLAYERS; NUCLEATION; CRYSTALS; SUPERLATTICES; TRANSITIONS; ADSORPTION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Unit Bioctechnol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Charych, D (reprint author), Chiron Corp, 4560 Horton Ave,Mailstop 4520, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RI Berman, Amir/F-1870-2012 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 4 PY 1999 VL 11 IS 4 BP 296 EP 300 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199903)11:4<296::AID-ADMA296>3.0.CO;2-F PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 183BA UT WOS:000079532400005 ER PT J AU Gingl, F Vogt, T Akiba, E Yvon, K AF Gingl, F Vogt, T Akiba, E Yvon, K TI Structure refinement of Rb4Mg3D10 on neutron powder diffraction data SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Letter DE rubidium magnesium deuteride; crystal structure determination; synthesis ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB Rb4Mg3D10 was synthesized by sintering stoichiometric mixtures of the binary deuterides at 675 K and 100 bar D-2 for 5 days and characterized by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. It crystallizes with the orthorhombic Cs2Mg3F10 structure (space group Cmca (64), cell parameters a=6.0238(2) Angstrom, b=14.1126(5) Angstrom, c=13.4616(5) Angstrom, V=1144.4 Angstrom(3), Z=4) and contains two magnesium sites having distorted octahedral deuterium coordination and two rubidium sites having irregular 10-fold and 11-fold deuterium coordination. The metal-deuterium distances and shortest deuterium-deuterium distance (Rb-D: 2.82-3.38, Mg-D: 1.90-2.11, D-D: 2.59 Angstrom) are consistent with those found in the deuterides Rb2MgD4, Rb3MgD5 and RbMgD3. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Geneva, Lab Cristallog, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Mat & Chem Res, Dept Inorgan Mat, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. RP Yvon, K (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Lab Cristallog, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM klaus.yvon@cryst.unige.ch RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAR 4 PY 1999 VL 284 IS 1-2 BP L4 EP L6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 175UM UT WOS:000079114000002 ER PT J AU Wiederrecht, GP Svec, WA Wasielewski, MR AF Wiederrecht, GP Svec, WA Wasielewski, MR TI Controlling the adiabaticity of electron-transfer reactions using nematic liquid-crystal solvents SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE SEPARATION; MOLECULES; PAIR; RECOMBINATION; DYNAMICS; STATES; RATES AB Transient absorption studies of intramolecular photoinduced charge separation and thermal charge recombination were carried out on a molecule consisting of a 4-(N-pyrrolidinyl)naphthalene-1,8-imide donor (PyrNI) covalently attached to a pyromellitimide acceptor (PI) dissolved in the liquid crystal N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (MBBA). In the isotropic phase, just above the nematic to isotropic phase transition, ordered microdomains exist that give rise to solvation dynamics that consist of collective reorientational motions of the microdomains and relatively faster reorientations of molecules within the domains. The different temperature dependence of these responses permits the assignment of collective or molecular solvent motions as mediators of the charge separation and recombination reactions. We find for PyrNI-PI in MBBA that charge separation is adiabatic and controlled by the collective microdomain reorientations, whereas the charge recombination is nonadiabatic and controlled by the faster molecular motions within the domains. The data are compared to results for charge separation and recombination within PyrNI-PI dissolved in 4'-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) under similar conditions. In 5CB, the opposite behavior was observed, i.e., the charge separation is nonadiabatic while the charge recombination is adiabatic, The results are interpreted as arising from the different signs of the dielectric anisotropies of the two liquid crystals, where that of MBBA is negative while that of 5CB is positive. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wasielewski, MR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 4 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 9 BP 1386 EP 1389 DI 10.1021/jp983907g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 176KQ UT WOS:000079150600002 ER PT J AU Fujikawa, BK Asztalos, SJ Clark, RM Deleplanque-Stephens, MA Fallon, P Freedman, SJ Greene, JP Lee, IY Lising, LJ Macchiavelli, AO MacLeod, RW Reich, JC Rowe, MA Shang, SQ Stephens, FS Wasserman, EG AF Fujikawa, BK Asztalos, SJ Clark, RM Deleplanque-Stephens, MA Fallon, P Freedman, SJ Greene, JP Lee, IY Lising, LJ Macchiavelli, AO MacLeod, RW Reich, JC Rowe, MA Shang, SQ Stephens, FS Wasserman, EG TI A new measurement of the strength of the superallowed Fermi branch in the beta decay of C-10 with GAMMASPHERE SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE beta decay ID RATIO; ENERGY AB We report a new measurement of the strength of the superallowed 0(+)-->0(+) transition in the beta-decay of C-10. The experiment was done at the LBNL 88-inch cyclotron using forty-seven GAMMASPHERE germanium detectors. The technique used in this measurement was similar to that of an earlier experiment, but the systematic corrections were significantly different. The measured branching ratio: 1.4665 +/- 0.0038 x 10(-2) is used to compute the superallowed Fermi ft, which gives the weak vector coupling constant and the re to d element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fujikawa, BK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 4 PY 1999 VL 449 IS 1-2 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01603-7 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177FQ UT WOS:000079200200002 ER PT J AU Radyushkin, AV AF Radyushkin, AV TI Symmetries and structure of skewed and double distributions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; QCD C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Theoret Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. RP Radyushkin, AV (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM radyush@jlab.org NR 13 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 4 PY 1999 VL 449 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01584-6 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177FQ UT WOS:000079200200013 ER PT J AU Jadach, S Ward, BFL Was, Z AF Jadach, S Ward, BFL Was, Z TI Coherent exclusive exponentiation CEEX: the case of the resonant e(+)e(-) collision SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO PROGRAM; TAU-PAIR PRODUCTION; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; BHABHA SCATTERING; PHOTONS; SPIN; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; ANNIHILATION; E+E-->MU+MU; ENERGIES AB We present the first-order coherent exclusive exponentiation (CEEX) scheme, with the full control over spin polarization for all fermions, In particular it is applicable to difficult case of narrow resonances. The resulting spin amplitudes and the differential distributions are given in a form ready for their implementation in the Monte Carlo event generator. The initial-final state interferences are under control. The way is open to the use of the exact amplitudes for two and more hard photons, using Weyl-spinor techniques, without giving up the advantages of the exclusive exponentiation, of the Yennie-Frautschi-Suura type. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Jadach, S (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 33 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 4 PY 1999 VL 449 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00038-6 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177FQ UT WOS:000079200200016 ER PT J AU Allison, WWM Alner, GJ Ayres, DS Barr, G Barrett, WL Bode, C Border, PM Brooks, CB Cobb, JH Cotton, RJ Courant, H Demuth, DM Fields, TH Gallagher, HR Garcia-Garcia, C Goodman, MC Gran, R Joffe-Minor, T Kafka, T Kasahara, SMS Leeson, W Litchfield, PJ Longley, NP Mann, WA Marshak, ML Milburn, RH Miller, WH Mualem, L Napier, A Oliver, WP Pearce, GF Peterson, EA Petyt, DA Price, LE Ruddick, K Sanchez, M Schneps, J Schub, MH Seidlein, R Stassinakis, A Thron, JL Vassiliev, V Villaume, G Wakely, S Wall, D West, N Wielgosz, UM AF Allison, WWM Alner, GJ Ayres, DS Barr, G Barrett, WL Bode, C Border, PM Brooks, CB Cobb, JH Cotton, RJ Courant, H Demuth, DM Fields, TH Gallagher, HR Garcia-Garcia, C Goodman, MC Gran, R Joffe-Minor, T Kafka, T Kasahara, SMS Leeson, W Litchfield, PJ Longley, NP Mann, WA Marshak, ML Milburn, RH Miller, WH Mualem, L Napier, A Oliver, WP Pearce, GF Peterson, EA Petyt, DA Price, LE Ruddick, K Sanchez, M Schneps, J Schub, MH Seidlein, R Stassinakis, A Thron, JL Vassiliev, V Villaume, G Wakely, S Wall, D West, N Wielgosz, UM TI The atmospheric neutrino flavor ratio from a 3.9 fiducial kiloton-year exposure of Soudan 2 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID TRACKING CALORIMETER MODULES; DETECTOR; FLUX AB We report a measurement of the atmospheric neutrino flavor ratio, R, using a sample of quasi-elastic neutrino interactions occurring in an iron medium. The flavor ratio (tracks/showers) of atmospheric neutrinos in a 3.9 fiducial kiloton-year exposure of Soudan 2 is 0.64 +/- 0.11(stat.) +/- 0.06(syst.) of that expected. Important aspects of our main analysis have been checked by carrying out two independent, alternative analyses; one is based upon automated scanning, the other uses a multivariate approach for background subtraction. Similar results are found by all three approaches. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Allison, WWM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Cotton, Richard/K-2175-2012 NR 17 TC 354 Z9 356 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 4 PY 1999 VL 449 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00056-8 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177FQ UT WOS:000079200200021 ER PT J AU LeMaster, DM AF LeMaster, DM TI NMR relaxation order parameter analysis of the dynamics of protein side chains SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MODEL-FREE ANALYSIS; ANISOTROPIC ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI THIOREDOXIN; SPIN-LATTICE RELAXATION; C-13 RELAXATION; METHYL-GROUPS; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB An arbitrary multiexponential representation of the H-X bond reorientation autocorrelation function is shown to provide robust predictions of both the fast limit (S-f(2)) and generalized (S-2) Order parameters for macromolecular NMR relaxation analysis. This representation is applied to the analysis of side-chain dynamics in Escherichia coli thioredoxin to assess correlated torsional fluctuations and the resultant configurational entropy effects. For both the high S-2 phenylalanine and low S-2 leucine side chains, torsional fluctuations in the major rotamer conformation can predict the observed relaxation data only if main-chain-side-chain torsional correlations are assumed. Crankshaft-like correlations occur around the side-chain chi(2) rotation axis and the parallel main-chain rotation;utis. For the sterically hindered buried side chains, torsional fluctuations are predicted to be attenuated for the main-chain rotation axis oriented gauche to the chi(2) rotation axis. Weaker main-chain-side-chain torsional correlations appear to be present for the highly solvated mobile side chains as well. For these residues, the fast limit order parameter is interpretable in terms of fluctuations within a rotamer state, while the decrease in the order parameter due to motion near the Larmor frequencies can be used to estimate the entropy of rotamer exchange. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Grp 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP LeMaster, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Grp 4, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lemaster@lanl.gov NR 90 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 3 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 8 BP 1726 EP 1742 DI 10.1021/ja982988r PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 174BP UT WOS:000079014500013 ER PT J AU Ma, JG Vanderkooi, JM Zhang, J Jia, SL Shelnutt, JA AF Ma, JG Vanderkooi, JM Zhang, J Jia, SL Shelnutt, JA TI Resonance Raman investigation of nickel microperoxidase-11 SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; PORPHYRIN FORCE-FIELD; PI-PI-INTERACTIONS; NONPLANAR DISTORTION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; ISOTOPE SHIFTS; CYTOCHROMES-C; OCTAETHYLPORPHYRIN; SPECTRA; HEME AB Resonance Raman and UV-visible absorption spectra show that nickel(II) microperoxidase-11 (NiMP-11) is four-coordinate in aqueous solution in the pH range from 1.0 to 13.0. In aqueous solutions of NiMP-11 in the absence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), NiMP-11 is aggregated. In CTAB micellar solutions, where aggregation of NiMP-11 does not occur, the Raman spectra of NiMP-11 are similar to that of nickel(II) cytochrome c (NiCyt-c). The presence of the peptide segment shifts the equilibrium heavily in favor of the nonplanar form, just as does the entire protein component in the case of NiCyt-c. This further elucidates the structural mechanism by which the protein segment ruffles the heme, most likely modulating the redox potential as indicated for the cytochromes c(3) [Ma, J.-G., et al. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 12431-12442]. Furthermore, the hydrophobic environment that is provided by the CTAB micelle is found to be crucial to the native folding of the pentapeptide and formation of two hydrogen bonds in the peptide backbone. These two II-bonds act to contract the peptide segment exerting the force on the macrocycle that causes the ruffling and makes the redox potential more negative than if the heme were to remain planar. The structure of the heme and pentapeptide may also be associated with redox-linked triggering of the formation and release of cytochrome-protein complexes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, New Mat Theory & Validat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Shelnutt, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, New Mat Theory & Validat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 2 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2787 EP 2795 DI 10.1021/bi982332a PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 174BH UT WOS:000079013900021 PM 10052950 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, AS Nyquist, RM Parikh, AN Zawodzinski, T Swanson, BI AF Eberhardt, AS Nyquist, RM Parikh, AN Zawodzinski, T Swanson, BI TI Defects in microcontact-printed and solution-grown self-assembled monolayers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Letter ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; GOLD; ALKANETHIOLS; SCIENCE; AU(111); ORDER AB The structure of microcontact-printed self-assembled monolayers is significant for a number of technological applications as well as for a fundamental understanding of the self-assembly process. The structural differences between printed and solution-deposited monolayers of alkanethiol on Au(111) have been examined utilizing grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Although the local structures are found to be similar, the domain structure and therefore macroscopic packing of the molecules are found to vary. Surprisingly, printed decanethiol monolayers appear to be significantly better ordered translationally than those formed by standard solution techniques. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eberhardt, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 2 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1595 EP 1598 DI 10.1021/la981067r PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 173XC UT WOS:000079004200001 ER PT J AU Spence, JCH Calef, B Zuo, JM AF Spence, JCH Calef, B Zuo, JM TI Dynamic inversion by the method of generalized projections SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS AB A new approach to the inversion problem of dynamical transmission electron diffraction is described, based on the method of generalized projections in set theory. An algorithm is described that projects between two sets of constrained scattering matrices. This iterative process can be shown to converge, giving the required structure factors (for some choice of origin) if the sets are convex. For the dynamical inversion problem, the set topology is that of an N-2 torus, the sets are not convex, and traps are therefore sometimes encountered. These can be distinguished from solutions, allowing the algorithm to be restarted until a solution is found. Examples of successful inversion from simulated multiple-scattering data are given, which therefore solve the phase problem of electron diffraction for centrosymmetric or noncentrosymmetric crystal structures. The method may also be useful for the three-beam X-ray diffraction problem. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Spence, JCH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 7-222,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 55 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1107/S0108767398006977 PN 2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 175BM UT WOS:000079072000003 ER PT J AU Chang, S Head-Gordon, T Glaeser, RM Downing, KH AF Chang, S Head-Gordon, T Glaeser, RM Downing, KH TI Chemical bonding effects in the determination of protein structures by electron crystallography SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; CHARGE-DENSITY; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; DIFFRACTION; MODEL AB Scattering of electrons is affected by the distribution of valence electrons that participate in chemical bonding and thus change the electrostatic shielding of the nucleus. This effect is particularly significant for low-angle scattering. Thus, while chemical bonding effects are difficult to measure with small-unit cell materials, they can be substantial in the study of proteins by electron crystallography. This work investigates the magnitude of chemical bonding effects for a representative collection of protein fragments and a model ligand for nucleotide-binding proteins within the resolution range generally used in determining protein structures by electron crystallography. Electrostatic potentials were calculated by ab initio methods for both the test molecules and for superpositions of their free atoms. Differences in scattering amplitudes can be well over 10% in the resolution range below 5 Angstrom and are especially large in the case of ionized side chains and ligands. We conclude that the use of molecule-based scattering factors can provide a much more accurate representation of the low-resolution data obtained in electron crystallographic studies. The comparison of neutral and ionic structure factors at resolutions below 5 Angstrom, can also provide a sensitive determination of charge states, important for biological function, that is not accessible from X-ray crystallographic measurements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khdowning@lbl.gov RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM51487] NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 55 IS 2 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1107/S0108767398009726 PN 2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 175BJ UT WOS:000079071700005 PM 10927261 ER PT J AU Tkachuk, A Ivanova, S Isaenko, L Yelisseyev, A Payne, S Solarz, R Nostrand, M Page, R Payne, S AF Tkachuk, A Ivanova, S Isaenko, L Yelisseyev, A Payne, S Solarz, R Nostrand, M Page, R Payne, S TI Comparative spectroscopic study of the Dy3+ doped double chloride and double fluoride crystals for telecommunication amplifiers and IR lasers SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Jablonski Centennial Conference on Luminescence and Photophysics CY JUL 23-27, 1998 CL TORUN, POLAND ID LIYF4; IONS AB In this work we studied spectroscopic characteristics of potassium-lead double-chloride, and lithium-yttrium double-fluoride crystals doped with dysprosium. Objects of research were KPb2Cl5:Dy3+, and LiYF4(YLF):Dy3+ crystals grown by the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique. We obtained the effective distribution coefficients K-Dy = 0.95 for LiYF4:Dy3+, and K-Dy = 1 for KPb2Cl5:Dy3+. Optical spectra were studied, intensity parameters were determined by the Judd-Ofelt method, and radiative probabilities and branching ratio were calculated. The conclusion was made that the studied crystals can be considered as promising new active media for laser diode pumped solid state lasers. The YLF:Dy3+ crystals are perspective for laser action near 3 mm, and the KPb2Cl5:Dy3+ for multiwavelength IR lasers, and for 1.3 mm laser diode pumped telecommunication amplifiers. C1 SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RAS, SB, Design & Technol Inst Monocrystals, Novosibirsk 630058, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tkachuk, A (reprint author), SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, Birzhevaya Line 12, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RI Isaenko, Ludmila/H-7620-2013; Yelisseyev, Alexander/A-3846-2014; Isaenko, Ludmila/A-5272-2014 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, 02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD MAR PY 1999 VL 95 IS 3 BP 381 EP 394 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 186WZ UT WOS:000079754900009 ER PT J AU Dassie, D AF Dassie, D TI NEMO 3 - A double-beta decay experiment without neutrino emission SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID DETECTOR; GE-76; SEARCH; XE-136; SE-82 AB The physics goals of double beta decay experiments are reminded. Various experimental aspects of the NEMO experiment are presented and the expected performances of NEMO 3 compared with previous or forthcoming other experiments. C1 CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, Bordeaux, France. CFR, Gif Sur Yvette, France. IReS, Strasbourg, France. Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, Finland. FNSPE, Prague, Czech Republic. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. ITEP, Moscow, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Dubna, Russia. LAL, Orsay, France. MHC, S Hadley, MA USA. RP Dassie, D (reprint author), CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, Bordeaux, France. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 419 EP 428 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900003 ER PT J AU Majka, Z AF Majka, Z TI BRAHMS (experiment) at RHIC (collider) SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; MODEL AB The RHIC facility of Brookhaven National Laboratory will provide the physicists community with a powerful new tool. For more than five years, it will be the only place in the word for experimental studies of strongly interacting matter in a completely new regime. This accelerator will collide different ions from protons to heavy nuclei at c.m. energies up to 500 GeV for protons and 200 GeV per nucleon pairs for Au nuclei. Theory of strongly interacting matter reveals that at very high temperatures here will be a transition from hadronic matter to a plasma of deconfined quarks and gluons. Such phenomenon is also expected at high baryon density even at zero temperature. It is of special interest to investigate different regions of the phase diagram for expected formation of the quark-gluon plasma. Regardless of whether the quark-gluon state of matter will be convincingly discovered or not, it is important to understand the basic phenomena open for investigation in the RHIC energy domain. The BRAHMS experiment has been designed to gather information on momentum spectra and yields for various emitted hadrons as a function of transverse momenta and rapidity. Early phase of the BRAHMS research concerns several subjects which are crucial for understanding phenomena that occur in heavy ion collisions within this unexplored energy domain. Among them are: (i) reaction dynamics, (ii) mini-jet production, (iii) Phi, meson production as quark-gluon plasma creation signature. The BRAHMS experiment will make a unique contribution to research of strongly interacting matter. C1 Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. CRN, BNL, Strasbourg, France. DP, Oslo, Norway. JHU, Baltimore, MD USA. HIT, Harbin, Peoples R China. UJ, Krakow, Poland. LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. NBI, Copenhagen, Denmark. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. NYU, New York, NY USA. TAMU, College Stn, TX USA. UK, Kansas City, KS USA. UL, Lund, Sweden. UB, Bergen, Norway. RP Majka, Z (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Reymonta 4, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 451 EP 459 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900006 ER PT J AU Davids, CN Woods, PJ Seweryniak, D Sonzogni, AA Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Davinson, T Henderson, DJ Irvine, RJ Poli, GL Uusitalo, J Walters, WB AF Davids, CN Woods, PJ Seweryniak, D Sonzogni, AA Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Davinson, T Henderson, DJ Irvine, RJ Poli, GL Uusitalo, J Walters, WB TI Proton radioactivity - Spherical and deformed SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID NUCLEI; DECAY AB The proton drip line defines one of the fundamental limits to nuclear stability. Nuclei lying beyond this line are energetically unbound to the emission of a constituent proton from their ground states. This phenomenon is known as proton radioactivity. For near-spherical nuclei in the region of the drip line between Z = 69 (Tm) and Z = 81 (Tl), proton decay transition rates have been shown to be well reproduced by WKB calculations using spectroscopic factors derived from a low-seniority shell model calculation. Another approach using spectroscopic factors obtained from the independent quasiparticle approximation has also proved successful in this region. These interpretations have allowed the extraction of nuclear structure information from nuclei well beyond the proton drip line. The race-earth proton emitters Ho-141 and Eu-131 have recently been observed, and their decay rates can only be explained by assuming large deformation for these nuclei. In addition to providing information on the wavefunctions and deformations of these nuclei, these results offer the opportunity to study the phenomenon of quantum mechanical tunneling through a deformed potential barrier. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Milan, Ist Fis Gen Applicata, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Davids, CN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 555 EP 563 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900018 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, K Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Davinson, T Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Janas, Z Karny, M MacDonald, BD Mas, JF McConnell, JW Piechaczek, A Slinger, RC Szerypo, J Toth, KS Walters, WB Woods, PJ Zganjar, EF Nazarewicz, W Semmes, PB AF Rykaczewski, K Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Davinson, T Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Janas, Z Karny, M MacDonald, BD Mas, JF McConnell, JW Piechaczek, A Slinger, RC Szerypo, J Toth, KS Walters, WB Woods, PJ Zganjar, EF Nazarewicz, W Semmes, PB TI Studies of nuclei at and beyond the proton drip-line with stable and radioactive beams at HRIBF SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; DEFORMED-NUCLEI; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; EXCITED-STATES; DECAY; DEFORMATIONS; ISOTOPES; REGION; SN-100 AB Investigations of nuclei in the proton drip-line region performed at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) within the last two years are reviewed. In particular, the discovery of Rye new proton radioactivities Ho-140, Ho-141m, Tm-145, Lu-150m and Lu-151m is discussed. These proton emitters were produced by means of fusion-evaporation reactions and studied with a Recoil Mass Separator and a Double-sided Silicon Strip Detector. For Cs-113 and Lu-151, th, studies of level structure were extended beyond the proton-emitting states via the measurements with a clover array CLARION using Recoil Decay Tagging. The plan to use a fusion-evaporation reaction with a radioactive As-69 beam developed at HRIBF, in order to study the decay of a new beta-delayed proton emitter Nd-125, is also described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 565 EP 579 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900019 ER PT J AU Carpenter, MP AF Carpenter, MP TI Probing excited states in nuclei at and beyond the proton drip-line SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; SHAPE COEXISTENCE; DEFORMED-NUCLEI; DECAY; ISOTOPES AB The coupling of a Compton-suppressed Ge (CSGe) detector array to a recoil separator has seen limited use in the past due to the low efficiency for measuring recoil-gamma ray coincidences (< 0.1%). With the building of new generation recoil separators and gamma-ray arrays, a substantial increase in detection efficiency has been achieved. This allows for the opportunity to measure excited states in nuclei with cross-sections below 100 nb. In this paper, results from the coupling of a modest array of CSGe detectors (AYE Ball) and a current generation Ge array (Gammasphere) with a recoil separator (FMA) will be presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carpenter, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 581 EP 592 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900020 ER PT J AU Riley, MA Kondev, FG Afanasjev, AV Brown, TB Carpenter, MP Clark, RM Devlin, M Fallon, P Fischer, SM Hartley, DJ Hibbert, IM Janssens, RVF Joss, DT Khoo, TL LaFosse, DR Laird, RW Lauritsen, T Lerma, F Lively, M Ma, WC Nolan, PJ O'Brien, NJ Paul, ES Pfohl, J Ragnarsson, I Sarantites, DG Sheline, RK Shepherd, SL Simpson, J Wadsworth, R AF Riley, MA Kondev, FG Afanasjev, AV Brown, TB Carpenter, MP Clark, RM Devlin, M Fallon, P Fischer, SM Hartley, DJ Hibbert, IM Janssens, RVF Joss, DT Khoo, TL LaFosse, DR Laird, RW Lauritsen, T Lerma, F Lively, M Ma, WC Nolan, PJ O'Brien, NJ Paul, ES Pfohl, J Ragnarsson, I Sarantites, DG Sheline, RK Shepherd, SL Simpson, J Wadsworth, R TI Discrete line spectroscopy at the extremes of angular momentum in normal deformed Dy-156 and global differential lifetime measurements in the A similar to 130 highly-deformed region SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID SUPERDEFORMED BAND; ROTATIONAL BANDS; MASS REGION; TERMINATING BANDS; SPIN STATES; ND-133; NUCLEI; DEFORMATION; PR-130; 50H AB The highest-spin discrete states (I similar to 60 (h) over bar and E-x similar to 30MeV) in normal deformed nuclei have been observed in the rare-earth isotope Dy-156 using the GAMMASPHERE spectrometer. The quadrupole moments for a variety of configurations, including the 9/2(+)[404] (g(9/2)) proton, 1/2(+) [660] (i(13/2)) and 1/2(-)[541](f(7/2), h(9/2)) neutron orbitals, were measured in a wide range of similar to 130 nuclei. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, Lund, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. LBNL, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York Y01 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. CLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Riley, MA (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 593 EP 604 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900021 ER PT J AU Kormicki, J Carter, HK Stracener, DW Beene, JR Welton, RF Mueller, PE AF Kormicki, J Carter, HK Stracener, DW Beene, JR Welton, RF Mueller, PE TI Radioactive ion beam development at HRIBF SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID FACILITY AB At the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility the hardware to produce and deliver the RIB's for nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics experiments is in the initial stage of operation. The As-69 and F-17 have been delivered for the first experiments. Presently intense research is in progress to improve the intensity of As and F beams. The Ga-63,Ga-64 beams and the Ni-56 beam in batch mode are in development plans. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kormicki, J (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 615 EP 620 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900024 ER PT J AU Myers, WD Swiatecki, WJ AF Myers, WD Swiatecki, WJ TI Two applications of the nuclear Thomas-Fermi model SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID FISSION-BARRIERS; COMPRESSIBILITY; ENERGIES; MATTER AB We use the Thomas-Fermi model of macroscopic nuclear properties described in W.D. Myers and W.J. Swiatecki, Nucl. Phys. A601, 141 (1996), to discuss two applications: a) the response of the nuclear energy to changes of the neutron and proton diffusenesses, and b) the equation of state of cold nuclear matter. Under a) formulae are provided which will make it possible to improve existing Microscopic-Macroscopic calculations of nuclear properties by the inclusion of the two degrees of freedom associated with the neutron and proton diffusenesses. The algebraic formulae presented under b) may serve as a reliable baseline estimate of the equation of state. It is argued that the value of the nuclear compressibility coefficient It as well as its dependence on the relative neutron excess are now fairly well determined. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Myers, WD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 647 EP 658 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900027 ER PT J AU Janas, Z Agramunt, J Algora, A Batist, L Brown, BA Cano-Ott, D Collatz, R Gadea, A Gierlik, M Gorska, M Grawe, H Gulielmetti, A Hellstrom, M Hu, Z Karny, M Kirchner, R Moroz, F Piechaczek, A Plochocki, A Rejmund, M Roeckl, E Rubio, B Rykaczewski, K Shibata, M Szerypo, J Tain, JL Wittmann, V Wohr, A AF Janas, Z Agramunt, J Algora, A Batist, L Brown, BA Cano-Ott, D Collatz, R Gadea, A Gierlik, M Gorska, M Grawe, H Gulielmetti, A Hellstrom, M Hu, Z Karny, M Kirchner, R Moroz, F Piechaczek, A Plochocki, A Rejmund, M Roeckl, E Rubio, B Rykaczewski, K Shibata, M Szerypo, J Tain, JL Wittmann, V Wohr, A TI Beta strength distribution in the decays of neutron-deficient nuclei SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID TELLER; NB-90; SHELL; MODEL AB The results of recent studies of the Gamow-Teller beta-decays of nuclei in the Sn-100 region are presented. Measurements performed with the use of the total absorption gamma-ray spectrometer and the Cluster Cube array of germanium detectors revealed qualitatively new information on the Gamow-Teller strength distribution in the decays of Ag-97,Ag-98 and In103-107. Th, shape of the measured P-strength distribution and the resulting total B-GT values are compared with the results of shell-model calculations. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corp, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Janas, Z (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RI Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Rubio, Berta/M-1060-2014; Gadea, Andres/L-8529-2014; Algora, Alejandro/E-2960-2015 OI Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Rubio, Berta/0000-0002-9149-4151; Gadea, Andres/0000-0002-4233-1970; Algora, Alejandro/0000-0002-5199-1794 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 659 EP 669 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900028 ER PT J AU Greenlees, PT Amzal, N Butler, PA Cann, KJ Cocks, JFC Hawcroft, D Jones, GD Page, RD Andreev, A Enqvist, T Fallon, P Gall, B Guttormsen, M Helariutta, K Hessberger, FP Hoellinger, F Jones, P Julin, R Juutinen, S Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Kuusiniemi, P Leino, M Messelt, S Muikku, M Savelius, A Schiller, A Siem, S Trzaska, WH Tveter, T Uusitalo, J AF Greenlees, PT Amzal, N Butler, PA Cann, KJ Cocks, JFC Hawcroft, D Jones, GD Page, RD Andreev, A Enqvist, T Fallon, P Gall, B Guttormsen, M Helariutta, K Hessberger, FP Hoellinger, F Jones, P Julin, R Juutinen, S Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Kuusiniemi, P Leino, M Messelt, S Muikku, M Savelius, A Schiller, A Siem, S Trzaska, WH Tveter, T Uusitalo, J TI Identification of excited states in U-226 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID ISOTOPES; NUCLEI AB Two experiments have been performed at the Accelerator Laboratory of the Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland, and are reported here. The first experiment was a recoil-decay tagging study intended to delineate the level scheme of U-226 for th, first time. The subsequent experiment, the observation of fine structure in the cw decay of Pu-230, Was to obtain an improved measurement of the excitation energy of the first excited 2(+) state, which was tentatively assigned in the first experiment. C1 Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Joint Nucl Res Inst, SU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Ctr Rech Nucl, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Greenlees, PT (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. OI Butler, Peter/0000-0001-6080-9205 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 685 EP 688 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900032 ER PT J AU Patyk, Z Muntian, I Myers, WD Sobiczewski, A Swiatecki, WJ AF Patyk, Z Muntian, I Myers, WD Sobiczewski, A Swiatecki, WJ TI Surface diffuseness and properties of spherical superheavy nuclei SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND AB Proton and neutron surface diffusenesses are treated as degrees of freedom in macroscopic-microscopic calculations. Their values are established by minimization of the energy of a nucleus. The effect on nuclear properties such as single-particle spectra and the shell correction to the energy (mass) of a nucleus is studied. Even-even spherical superheavy nuclei with the magic neutron number N = 184 and the proton numbers Z = 110 to 126 are considered. C1 Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Patyk, Z (reprint author), Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 693 EP 696 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900034 ER PT J AU Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Smith, BH Bingham, CR Weintraub, W Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Fischer, SM Nisius, D Seweryniak, D Jenkins, D Wadsworth, R Wilson, AN Moore, EF AF Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Smith, BH Bingham, CR Weintraub, W Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Fischer, SM Nisius, D Seweryniak, D Jenkins, D Wadsworth, R Wilson, AN Moore, EF TI Superdeformation and prolate-oblate competition in T1 nuclei SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXIII Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 01-09, 1998 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; STATES; BANDS AB Spectroscopic studies of weakly populated proton i(13/2) bands in superdeformed Tl nuclei (around mass 190) and in the normally deformed, very light Tl-183 nucleus are discussed. Among the results presented, the first measurement of a superdeformed quadrupole moment in an odd-Z nucleus, Tl-191, is reported. The experiments were conducted with the Gammasphere array as "stand-alone" device and coupled with the Argonne Fragment Mass Analyzer. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ York, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27708 USA. RP Reviol, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Wilson, Anna/0000-0001-6928-1689 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 723 EP 732 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193KR UT WOS:000080135900038 ER PT J AU Preuss, P AF Preuss, P TI Buckyball superconductors SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Preuss, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 155 IS 3 BP 43 EP 44 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 176VP UT WOS:000079173000006 ER PT J AU Hino, T Prausnitz, JM AF Hino, T Prausnitz, JM TI Solid-liquid equilibria for solutions of binary globular-protein mixtures SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SEPARATION; LYSOZYME SOLUTIONS; NONIONIC POLYMER; CRYSTALLIZATION; BEHAVIOR; PRECIPITATION; DIAGRAMS; MODEL AB A theory of the van der Waals form is used to establish solid - fluid phase diagrams for aqueous solutions containing two kinds of globular proteins. Theory is based on a one-fluid in odd that uses a composition-dependent hard-sphere diameter and a composition-dependent solvent-mediated effective temperature to represent protein solutions. The hard-sphere reference equation of state is based on the model of Young that correlates computer simulations of fluid - solid coexistence curves for binary hard-sphere mixtures. The attractive perturbation term rises the inverse-power potential with variable exponent n. Based on the correlation of George and Wilson and Rosenbaum et al., the optimum range of effective temperature is determined for protein crystallization. For protein systems, as the size difference increases, the mutual solubility of unlike proteins declines sharply in the precipitated solid phase. The theoretical results obtained here may be useful for design of protein-separation processes by crystallization. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 3 BP 622 EP 632 DI 10.1002/aic.690450319 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 174NF UT WOS:000079040700018 ER PT J AU Streets, DG Carmichael, GR Amann, M Arndt, RL AF Streets, DG Carmichael, GR Amann, M Arndt, RL TI Energy consumption and acid deposition in northeast Asia SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; CRITICAL LOADS; SULFUR DEPOSITION; EAST-ASIA; AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; CHINA; PRECIPITATION; DIOXIDE; REGION AB Northeast Asia is one of the most dynamic and diverse regions of the world. Fueled by high population growth and vibrant economies, energy consumption is currently 12% of the world's total and projected to increase by a factor of 2 to 3 by 2030. Because fossil fuels will provide much of this energy, emissions of sulfur dioxide are projected to increase by about the same amount. Northeast China is the main emitting region, and sulfur is transported across the Korean peninsula to Japan and beyond. Acid deposition is evident today and will increase dramatically in the future. It is projected that severe damage to ecosystems will occur throughout the region without the introduction of emission controls. Abatement technology could cost USD 10-30 billion annually by 2030 and still provide only partial protection. There is an urgent need for regional cooperation to improve the level of scientific understanding and develop a basis for regionwide control strategies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Transboundary Air Pollut Project, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,DIS-900, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 46 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194ER UT WOS:000080179600005 ER PT J AU Patel, M Jochem, E Marscheider-Weidemann, F Worrell, E AF Patel, M Jochem, E Marscheider-Weidemann, F Worrell, E TI CO2 emissions from nonenergy use - Methodological aspects and a case study for Germany SO AMBIO LA English DT Article AB Nonenergy use is the consumption of fossil fuels as feedstocks for the manufacture of synthetic materials, e.g. plastics. Nonenergy partly leads to short-term carbon dioxide emissions and partly, it is stored in products for longer periods of time. The IPCC guidelines (Reference Approach) offer a top-down method to estimate the amount of stored carbon. An alternative method is material flow analysis, a bottom-up calculation method. A prerequisite for the application of both methods is that nonenergy use data published in national energy balances comply with a common definition. We found that this is not always the case and that the resulting errors can be considerable, i.e. approx. 10% for Germany and 30% for Italy. Therefore, we performed a harmonization step for nonenergy data. We then applied the IPCC method and material flow analysis to Germany. One result is that the material-flow analysis confirms the outcome according to the IPCC Reference Approach. Another result is that total carbon losses equal about 10% of nonenergy use. C1 Fraunhofer Inst Syst & Innovat Res ISI, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, EAP, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Patel, M (reprint author), Fraunhofer Inst Syst & Innovat Res ISI, Breslauer Str 48, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194ER UT WOS:000080179600013 ER PT J AU Dreon, DM Fernstrom, HA Williams, PT Krauss, RM AF Dreon, DM Fernstrom, HA Williams, PT Krauss, RM TI A very-low-fat diet is not associated with improved lipoprotein profiles in men with a predominance of large, low-density lipoproteins SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lipoproteins; low-fat diet; LDL subclasses; HDL; men; coronary artery disease; LDL phenotype ID LDL PARTICLE-SIZE; SUBCLASS PATTERNS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE; RISK; CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA; DISEASE AB Background: We found previously that men with a predominance of large LDL particles (phenotype A) consuming high-fat diets (40-46% fat) show less lipoprotein benefits of low-fat diets (20-24% fat) than do men with a high-risk lipoprotein profile characterized by a predominance of small LDL (phenotype B). Furthermore, one-third of men with phenotype A consuming a high-fat diet converted to phenotype B with a low-fat diet. Objective: We investigated effects of further reduction in dietary fat in men with persistence of LDL subclass phenotype A during both high- and low-fat diets. Design: Thirty-eight men who had shown phenotype A after 4-6 wk of both high- and low-fat diets consumed for 10 d a 10%-fat diet (2.7% saturates) with replacement of fat with carbohydrate and no change in cholesterol content or ratio of polyunsaturates to saturates. Results: In 26 men, phenotype A persisted (stable A group) whereas 12 converted to phenotype B (change group). LDL cholesterol did not differ from previous values for 20-24%-fat diets in either group, whereas in the change group there were higher concentrations of triacylglycerol and apoljpoprotein B; greater mass of HDL, large LDL-I, small LDL-III and LDL-IV, and HDL3; lower concentrations of HDL cholesterot, apolipoprotein A-I; and lower mass of large LDL-I and HDL2. Conclusions: There is no apparent lipoprotein benefit of rlduction in dietary fat from 20-24% to 10% in men with large LDL particles: LDL-cholesterol concentration was not reduced, and in a subset of subjects there was a shift to small LDL along with increased triacylglycerol and reduced HDL-cholesterol concentrations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krauss, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Room 459, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rmkrauss@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-18574, HL-5734] NR 31 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 69 IS 3 BP 411 EP 418 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 170XQ UT WOS:000078832700011 PM 10075324 ER PT J AU Christofidou-Solomidou, M Ng, K Kennel, S Pietra, G Muzykantov, V Albelda, S AF Christofidou-Solomidou, M Ng, K Kennel, S Pietra, G Muzykantov, V Albelda, S TI Immunotargeting of glucose oxidase conjugated to an anti-Thrombomodulin antibody causes ARDS-like oxidative lung injury in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A890 EP A890 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237104985 ER PT J AU Christofidou-Solomidou, M Ng, K Kennel, S Albelda, S Muzykantov, V AF Christofidou-Solomidou, M Ng, K Kennel, S Albelda, S Muzykantov, V TI Antibody directed targeting of catalase to the endothelial antigen PECAM augments pulmonary antioxidant defense in vivo. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A287 EP A287 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237101554 ER PT J AU Omori, S Takiguchi, Y Sugimoto, T Suda, A Miyazawa, H Kunii, R Kimura, H Chen, DJ Kuriyama, T AF Omori, S Takiguchi, Y Sugimoto, T Suda, A Miyazawa, H Kunii, R Kimura, H Chen, DJ Kuriyama, T TI An antisense KU70 DNA increases ionizing radiosensitivity in a human lung carcinoma cell line. A potential gene therapy targeting DNA repair genes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Chiba Univ, Sch Med, Dept Chest Med, Chiba 2608670, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A206 EP A206 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237101115 ER PT J AU Jephcoat, AP Hriljac, JA McCammon, CA O'Neill, HSC Rubie, DC Finger, LW AF Jephcoat, AP Hriljac, JA McCammon, CA O'Neill, HSC Rubie, DC Finger, LW TI High-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld structure refinement of two (Mg0.95Fe0.05)SiO3 perovskite samples synthesized under different oxygen fugacity conditions SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID (MG,FE)SIO3 PEROVSKITE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THERMODYNAMIC DATA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SPECTRA; IRON; NEUTRON; PHASES AB This paper presents high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data at 290 K on two Fe-bearing, polycrystalline silicate perovskite samples with approximate compositions (Mg0.95Fe0.05)SiO3 synthesized at 25 GPa and 1920 K in a multi-anvil press at different oxygen fugacity conditions. Mossbauer studies have indicated that Fe3+/Sigma Fe for the samples are 0.09 +/- 0.01 and near 0.16 +/- 0.03. Rietveld structural refinements confirm that Fe2+ and Fe3+ dominantly substitute for Mg2+ in the 8-fold to 12-fold coordinated A site for both compositions. There appears to be no significant differences in the bond distances for these amounts of Fe3+ and no conclusive structural evidence to support indications from Mossbauer experiments that Fe3+ may occupy both A and B sites. To explore the effect of valence state further, this study also reports the first diffraction patterns of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite collected at a wavelength near the Fe absorption edge. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Ctr High Pressure Res, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Jephcoat, AP (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. RI McCammon, Catherine/B-4983-2010; O'Neill, Hugh/G-2302-2011 OI McCammon, Catherine/0000-0001-5680-9106; O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0001-7018-9783 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 84 IS 3 BP 214 EP 220 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 169HE UT WOS:000078741000002 ER PT J AU Morin, G Ostergren, JD Juillot, F Ildefonse, P Calas, G Brown, GE AF Morin, G Ostergren, JD Juillot, F Ildefonse, P Calas, G Brown, GE TI XAFS determination of the chemical form of lead in smelter-contaminated soils and mine tailings: Importance of adsorption processes SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; SURFACE FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; PB(II) SORPTION PRODUCTS; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; TRACE-METALS; BIOAVAILABILITY; SITES; EXAFS AB We investigated smelter-contaminated soils from Evin-Malmaison. Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France, and mine tailings from Leadville, Colorado, U.S.A. Bulk Pb concentrations range from 460 to 1900 ppm in the topsoils at Evin-Malmaison site and from 6000 to 10000 ppm in the tailings samples from the Leadville site. These concentrations necessarily raise human health and environmental concerns, but bioavailability and chemical lability of Pb in these materials vary dramatically and show little correlation with bulk concentrations. This study provides detailed information on the speciation of Pb in these materials. Emphasis is on the identification and characterization of poorly crystalline and/or fins-grained species, such as sorption complexes and poorly crystalline (co)precipitates, which are likely to control Pb bioavailability and mobility in these natural systems. Because these samples are heterogeneous, multi-phase mixtures, a variety of bulk analytical methods were used including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld I refinement, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, synchrotron-based Xray absorption, and micro-fluorescence spectroscopies. The synchrotron-based techniques enable identification of amorphous or nanocrystalline Pb-containing phases and the spatial distribution of Pb at the 25 mu m scale. These techniques, in conjunction with physical and chemical separation techniques, allowed identification and characterization of several species not amenable to detection by conventional microanalytical techniques. In the Evin-Malmaison samples, direct spectroscopic evidence for Pb sorbed to humic acids was found, as well as to both manganese and iron (oxyhydr)oxides. Ln the Leadville samples, variations in Pb speciation with pH are consistent with predictions based on simplified model system studies of adsorption processes; specifically, the: carbonate-buffered tailings with near-neutral pH contain up to 50% of total Pb as adsorption complexes on iron (oxyhydr)oxides, whereas Ph speciation in sulfide-rich low pH samples is dominated by Pb-bearing jarosites with no evidence for adsorbed Pb in these latter samples. C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, URA 9, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Morin, G (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, URA 9, Lab Mineral Cristallog, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RI Calas, Georges/B-2445-2012; JUILLOT, Farid/G-7943-2016 OI Calas, Georges/0000-0003-0525-5734; NR 39 TC 138 Z9 145 U1 7 U2 33 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 84 IS 3 BP 420 EP 434 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 169HE UT WOS:000078741000028 ER PT J AU Hofmeister, AM Cynn, H Burnley, PC Meade, C AF Hofmeister, AM Cynn, H Burnley, PC Meade, C TI Vibrational spectra of dense, hydrous magnesium silicates at high pressure: Importance of the hydrogen bond angle SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID STATIC COMPRESSION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; SOLID HYDROXIDES; MANTLE PRESSURES; PHASE-TRANSITION; SUPERHYDROUS-B; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; WATER AB Changes in configuration and hydrogen bonding are inferred from the complex responses of peak parameters (frequency, width, height, and anal to compression for various hydroxyl groups in dense, hydrous magnesium silicates (DHMS). Stretching Frequencies (nu(i),) depend not only on both O-H...O bond length but also bond angle, which suggests a need to re-examine frequency-structure relationships at 1 atm. For phase B [(Mg12SiSi3O19)-Si-VI-Si-IV(OH)(2)], nu of the most intense OH peak determined from IR spectra at nearly hydrostatic pressures (P) decreases to a minimum at 5 GPa, and then rises to a broad maximum near 35 GPa, whereas nu of the other intense peak decreases to a broad minimum near 30 GPa. This behavior shows that compression of phase B initially moves O19 toward H2 on O21 and rotates H1 about O20 away from O19 and toward O21 inside the triangle of O atoms, thus increasing the H1-O20-O19 bond angle (from 12 to 21 degrees at 37 GPa). H-H repulsion rotates H2 outside of the triangle by 11 degrees at 37 Cpa. Changes in O-O bond length and H-O-O angle calculated from the trends of OH frequency with increasing pressure are consistent with the relatively incompressible layer of SiO4 tetrahedra. Widths, areas. and heights of the hydroxyl peaks also increase with P (whereas areas of the lattice modes are constant), with H1 being much more affected: This response suggests that the H1 bond bends further with compression. Raman spectra of stoichiometric OH- modes in superhydrous phase B [(Mg10SiSi2O14)-Si-VI-Si-IV (OH)(4),] roughly parallel these trends, consistent with similarly paired hydroxyls with bent bonds. For phase A [(Mg7Si2O8OH)-Si-IV)(6)], the Raman OH- bands depend linearly on P, and with constant peak height with slopes similar to those observed for weak stretching modes of trace H in phase B. This behavior is common and is associated with linear hydrogen bonds and unpaired OH groups. Combining our data with previous results reveals systematic, linear relationships of d nu/dP \(0) with nu that suggest high-polyhedral bulk moduli for DHMS. Most frequencies of 31 mid-IR lattice modes for phase B depend linearly on curvature is seen for several modes. Raman frequencies of lattice modes from superhydrous phase B (shyB) and phase A depend linearly on P. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Geol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Hofmeister, AM (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM Hofmeist@levee.wustl.edu RI Burnley, Pamela /C-4670-2013 OI Burnley, Pamela /0000-0002-7388-0526 NR 50 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 84 IS 3 BP 454 EP 464 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 169HE UT WOS:000078741000031 ER PT J AU Wang, J Wang, JY Lu, JM Tian, BM MacDonald, D Olsen, K AF Wang, J Wang, JY Lu, JM Tian, BM MacDonald, D Olsen, K TI Flow probe for in situ electrochemical monitoring of trace chromium SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID SENSOR; COPPER AB A submersible electrochemical probe for in situ monitoring of trace chromium is described. The new flow probe relies on the coupling of an ultrasensitive adsorptive-catalytic stripping voltammetric procedure with a submersible operation. Such in situ monitoring involves a continuous delivery of an internal (ligand-catalyst, DTPA-NO3-) reagent solution, a microdialysis collection of the target chromium ion, transport of the Cr-DTPA complex and nitrate-ion catalyst to the working-electrode compartment and adsorptive-catalytic stripping detection of the complex. The optimization of various parameters resulted in a detection limit of 0.10 mu g l(-1) (with 10 min accumulation), good precision and stability (RSD 6% for n = 80 at 25 mu g l(-1) chromium) and a rapid response to sudden changes in the chromium level. A stable response was obtained for both Cr(VI) and Cr(III) species. The attractive performance of the submersible probe holds great promise for environmental and industrial monitoring. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Water & Land Resources Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 NR 8 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD MAR PY 1999 VL 124 IS 3 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1039/a807639a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 177VT UT WOS:000079232300022 ER PT J AU Chen, YB Kele, M Sajonz, P Sellergren, B Guiochon, G AF Chen, YB Kele, M Sajonz, P Sellergren, B Guiochon, G TI Influence of thermal annealing on the thermodynamic and mass transfer kinetic properties of D- and L-phenylalanine anilide on imprinted polymeric stationary phases SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC BAND PROFILES; CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; NONCOVALENT INTERACTIONS; FRONTAL ANALYSIS; ENANTIOMERS AB An investigation of the material, chromatographic, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties of thermally treated (i.e., annealed) polymeric stationary phases imprinted with L-phenylalanine anilide (L-PA) was carried out. The imprinting procedure of the solid phase used in this study was the same as for the untreated imprinted stationary phase studied previously. However, after polymerization, these new stationary phases were treated at elevated temperatures (50, 120, 140, and 160 degrees C) for 24 h, The treatment at 120 and 140 degrees C led to a larger decrease in the retention of L-PA than that of D-PA. The polymer treated at 160 degrees C could no longer resolve the D,L-PA racemate. The heat treatments were accompanied by a decrease in swelling and an increase in density causing an increase in the density of the remaining active sites. The polymer treated at 120 degrees C was chosen for classical frontal analysis. The adsorption isotherms and the mass-transfer rate coefficients of D- and L-PA were derived from the experimental breakthrough curves. This study was carried out in the same temperature and concentration ranges as the previous one. A comparative discussion of the properties of the two polymeric molecular imprinted stationary phases is presented. The thermal treatment increases the saturation capacity of the packing material by one-third to one-half, reduces markedly the separation factor of the two enantiomers, and slightly accelerates their mass-transfer kinetics. There seems to be no interactions on the annealed polymer between the selective L-PA imprinted sites and the D-PA molecules. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. Univ Mainz, Dept Inorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 16 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 5 BP 928 EP 938 DI 10.1021/ac981154o PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 171AR UT WOS:000078840300015 PM 21662763 ER PT J AU Grate, JW Patrash, SJ Kaganove, SN Wise, BM AF Grate, JW Patrash, SJ Kaganove, SN Wise, BM TI Hydrogen bond acidic polymers for surface acoustic wave vapor sensors and arrays SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ODOR-SENSING SYSTEM; NETWORK PATTERN-RECOGNITION; ORGANIC VAPORS; MULTICOMPONENT ANALYSIS; RESPONSES; COATINGS; DEVICES; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; MICROSENSOR AB Four hydrogen bond acidic polymers are examined as sorbent layers on acoustic wave devices for the detection of basic vapors. A polysiloxane polymer with pendant hexafluoro-2-propanol groups and polymers with hexafluorobisphenol groups linked by oligosiloxane spacers yield sensors that respond more rapidly and with greater sensitivity than fluoropolyol, a material used in previous SAW sensor studies. Sensors coated with the new materials all reach 90% of full response within 6 s of the first indication of a response. Unsupervised learning techniques applied to pattern-normalized sensor array data were used to examine the spread of vapor data in feature space when the array does or does not contain hydrogen bond acidic polymers. The radial distance in degrees between pattern-normalized data points was utilized to obtain quantifiable distances that could be compared as the number and chemical diversity of the polymers in the array were varied. The hydrogen bond acidic polymers significantly increase the distances between basic vapors and nonpolar vapors when included in the array. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Eigenvector Res Inc, Manson, WA 98831 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 40 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1033 EP 1040 DI 10.1021/ac9810011 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 171AR UT WOS:000078840300029 PM 21662772 ER PT J AU Wilbanks, TJ AF Wilbanks, TJ TI Some reflections on relevance in Rediscovering Geography - Response to reviewers' comments SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilbanks, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 1 BP 157 EP 159 DI 10.1111/0004-5608.00140 PG 3 WC Geography SC Geography GA 176RH UT WOS:000079165200013 ER PT J AU Kieft, TL Fredrickson, JK Onstott, TC Gorby, YA Kostandarithes, HM Bailey, TJ Kennedy, DW Li, SW Plymale, AE Spadoni, CM Gray, MS AF Kieft, TL Fredrickson, JK Onstott, TC Gorby, YA Kostandarithes, HM Bailey, TJ Kennedy, DW Li, SW Plymale, AE Spadoni, CM Gray, MS TI Dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) and other electron acceptors by a Thermus isolate SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS MR-1; SP-NOV; GEN-NOV; FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIUM; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; REDUCING BACTERIA; DEEP-SUBSURFACE; FERRIC IRON; MANGANESE AB A thermophilic. bacterium that can use O-2, NO3-, Fe(III), and S-0 as terminal electron accepters for growth was isolated from groundwater sampled at a 3.2-km depth in a South African gold mine. This organism, designated SA-OI, clustered most closely with members of the genus Thermus, as determined by 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequence analysis. The 16S rDNA sequence of SA-OI was >98% similar to that of Thermus strain NMX2 A.1, which was previously isolated by other investigators from a thermal spring in New Mexico, Strain NMX2 Al was also able to seduce Fe(III) and other electron accepters. Neither SA-01 nor NMX2 A.1 grew fermentatively, i.e., addition of an external electron acceptor was required for anaerobic growth. Thermus strain SA-01 reduced soluble Fe(III) complexed with citrate or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA); however, it could reduce only relatively small quantities (0.5 mM) of hydrous ferric oxide except when the humic acid analog 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate was added as an electron shuttle, in which ease 10 mM Fe(III) was reduced. Fe(III)-NTA was reduced quantitatively to Fe(II); reduction of Fe(III)-NTA was coupled to the oxidation of lactate and supported growth through three consecutive transfers, Suspensions of Thermus strain SA-01 cells also reduced Mn(IV), Co(III)-EDTA, Cr(VI), and U(VI). Mn(IV)-oxide was reduced in the presence of either lactate or H-2. Both strains were also able to mineralize NTA to CO, and to couple its oxidation to Fe(III) reduction and growth. The optimum temperature for growth and Fe(III) reduction by Thermus strains SA-01 and NMX2 A.1 is approximately 65 degrees C their optimum pH is 6.5 to 7.0. This is the first report of a Thermus sp. being able to couple the oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of Fe, Mn, or S. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Biol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kieft, TL (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Biol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM tkieft@nmt.edu OI Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X NR 58 TC 158 Z9 170 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 65 IS 3 BP 1214 EP 1221 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 171UG UT WOS:000078882000051 PM 10049886 ER PT J AU Davison, BH Finkelstein, M AF Davison, BH Finkelstein, M TI Introduction to the Proceedings of the Twentieth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Davison, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013 OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP III EP VII PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100001 ER PT J AU Tuskan, G West, D Bradshaw, HD Neale, D Sewell, M Wheeler, N Megraw, B Jech, K Wiselogel, A Evans, R Elam, C Davis, M Dinus, R AF Tuskan, G West, D Bradshaw, HD Neale, D Sewell, M Wheeler, N Megraw, B Jech, K Wiselogel, A Evans, R Elam, C Davis, M Dinus, R TI Two high-throughput techniques for determining wood properties as part of a molecular genetics analysis of hybrid poplar and loblolly pine SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry; computer tomography; genetic markers; QTL; lignin; cellulose; hemicellulose ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PRODUCTS; CROSSES AB Two new high-throughput techniques, computer tomography X-ray densitometry (CT scan) and pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (pyMBMS), coupled with quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, were tested as a means to overcome the time and cost associated with conventional characterization of biomass feedstock components. Applications of these two techniques were evaluated using hybrid poplar for the CT scan and loblolly pine for the pyMBMS. Segregating progeny from hybrid poplar varied in specific gravity, with individual mean estimates ranging from 0.21-0.41. Progeny from loblolly pine varied in lignin, ex cellulose, and mannan contents, with individual mean estimates of lignin content ranging from 28.7-33.1%, a cellulose content from 28.8-43.5% and mannan content from 4.2-10.1%. QTL analysis of the loblolly pine data suggested that eleven QTLs were associated with individual feedstock characteristics and that two QTLs for several feedstock components were linked to the same position on the loblolly pine genetic map. Each QTL individually accounted for 7-13% of the total phenotypic variation in associated loblolly pine feedstock components. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, Davis, CA USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Centralia, WA USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Tuskan, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6422, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 16 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:55 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100007 ER PT J AU Schell, DJ Ruth, MF Tucker, MP AF Schell, DJ Ruth, MF Tucker, MP TI Modeling the enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute-acid pretreated douglas fir SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE cellulose hydrolysis; softwood; ethanol; enzyme kinetics; cellulase ID SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; ETHANOL; FERMENTATION; CELLULOSE; BIOMASS; STRAW AB Glucose yield from the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated as a function of cellulase enzyme loading (7-36 filter paper units [FPU]/g cellulose) and solids concentration (7-18% total solids) for up to 72 h on dilute sulfuric-acid pretreated Douglas Fir. The saccharification was performed on whole hydrolysate with no separation or washing of the solids. Enzyme loading had a significant effect on glucose yield; solids concentration had a much smaller effect even at higher glucose concentrations. The data were used to generate an empirical model for glucose yield, and to fit parameters of a cellulose hydrolysis kinetic model. Both models could be used for economic evaluation of a separate hydrolysis and fermentation process. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schell, DJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dan_schell@nrel.gov NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:67 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100008 ER PT J AU Nguyen, QA Tucker, MP Keller, FA Beaty, DA Connors, KM Eddy, FP AF Nguyen, QA Tucker, MP Keller, FA Beaty, DA Connors, KM Eddy, FP TI Dilute acid hydrolysis of softwoods SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE biomass; softwood; ethanol; pretreatment; bioconversion; acid hydrolysis AB Whole tree chips obtained from softwood forest thinnings were converted to ethanol via a two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis followed by yeast fermentation. The chips were first impregnated with dilute sulfuric acid, then pretreated in a steam explosion reactor to hydrolyze more than 90% of the hemicellulose and approx 10% of the cellulose. The hydrolysate was filtered and washed with water to recover the sugars. The washed fibers were then subjected to a second acid impregnation and hydrolysis to hydrolyze as much as 45% of the remaining cellulose. The liquors from both hydrolysates were combined and fermented to ethanol by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast that had been adapted to the inhibitors. Based on available hexose sugars, ethanol yields varied from 74 to 89% of theoretical. Oligosaccharide contents higher than about 10% of the total available sugar appear to have a negative impact on ethanol yield. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nguyen, QA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 11 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:133 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100014 ER PT J AU Cameron, DC Zhang, M AF Cameron, DC Zhang, M TI Applied biological research SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Cargill Inc, Cent Res, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Cameron, DC (reprint author), Cargill Inc, Cent Res, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 145 EP 145 DI 10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:145 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100015 ER PT J AU Lawford, HG Rousseau, JD Mohagheghi, A McMillan, JD AF Lawford, HG Rousseau, JD Mohagheghi, A McMillan, JD TI Fermentation performance characteristics of a prehydrolyzate-adapted xylose-fermenting recombinant Zymomonas in batch and continuous fermentations SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE recombinant Zymomonas; continuous cofermentation; xylose; hardwood prehydrolyzate; ethanol yield; adaptation; acetic acid ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FUEL ETHANOL; MOBILIS; ACID AB Long-term (149 d) continuous fermentation was used to adapt a xylose-fermenting recombinant Zymomonas mobilis, strain 39676:pZB4L, to conditioned (overlimed) dilute-acid yellow poplar hemicellulose hydrolyzate ("prehydrolyzate"). An "adapted" variant was isolated from a chemostat operating at a dilution rate of 0.03/h with a 50% (v/v) prehydrolyzate, corn steep liquor, and sugar-supplemented medium, at pH 5.75. The level of xylose and glucose in the medium was kept constant at 4% (w/v) and 0.8% (w/v), respectively. These sugar concentrations reflect the composition of the undiluted hardwood prehydrolyzate. The level of conditioned hardwood prehydrolyzate added to the medium was increased in 5% increments starting at a level of 10%. At the upper level of 50% prehydrolyzate, the acetic-acid concentration was about 0.75% (w/v). The adapted variant exhibited improved xylose-fermentation performance in a pure-sugar, synthetic hardwood prehydrolyzate medium containing 4% xylose (w/v), 0.8% (w/v) glucose, and acetic acid in the range 0.4-1.0% (w/v). The ethanol yield was 0.48-0.50 g/g; equivalent to a sugar-to-ethanol conversion efficiency of 94-96% of theoretical maximum. The maximum growth yield and maintenance energy coefficients were 0.033 g dry cell mass (DCM)/g sugars and 0.41 g sugars/g DCM/h, respectively. The results confirm that long-term continuous adaptation is a useful technique for effecting strain improvement with respect to the fermentation of recalcitrant feedstocks. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Biochem, Bioengn Lab, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Ctr Fuels & Chem, Golden, CO USA. RP Lawford, HG (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Biochem, Bioengn Lab, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. EM hughlawford@utoronto.ca NR 32 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 191 EP 204 DI 10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:191 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100020 ER PT J AU Hayward, TK Hamilton, J Templeton, D Jennings, E Ruth, M Tholudur, A McMillan, JD Tucker, M Mohagheghi, A AF Hayward, TK Hamilton, J Templeton, D Jennings, E Ruth, M Tholudur, A McMillan, JD Tucker, M Mohagheghi, A TI Enzyme production, growth, and adaptation of T-reesei strains QM9414, L-27, RL-P37, and Rut C-30 to conditioned yellow poplar sawdust hydrolysate - Scientific note SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE cellulase; pretreated poplar hydrolysate; Trichoderma reesei; furfural; acetic acid ID CELLULASE; FERMENTATION AB National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has developed a conditioning process that decreases acetic acid levels in pretreated yellow poplar hydrolysate. Trichoderma reesei is sensitive to acetic acid and this conditioning method has enabled applied cellulase production with hardwoods. T. reesei strains QM9414, L-27, RL-P37, and Rut C-30 were screened for growth on conditioned hydrolysate liquor. Tolerance to hydrolysate was found to be strain-dependent. Strain QM9414 was adapted to grow in 80% (v/v) conditioned hydrolysate (40 g/L of soluble sugars and 1.6 g/L acetic acid from pretreated poplar). However, enzyme production was highest at 20% (v/v) hydrolysate using strain L-27. Cellulase titers of 2-3 International Filter Paper Units (IFPU)/mL were achieved using pretreated yellow poplar liquors and solids as the sole carbon sources. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hayward, TK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM tammy_hayward@nrel.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 293 EP 309 DI 10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:293 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100028 ER PT J AU Zacchi, G Tsai, SP AF Zacchi, G Tsai, SP TI Bioprocessing research SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Lund, Lund, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zacchi, G (reprint author), Univ Lund, Lund, Sweden. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 357 EP 358 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100034 PM 15304706 ER PT J AU Krishnan, MS Nghiem, NP Davison, BH AF Krishnan, MS Nghiem, NP Davison, BH TI Ethanol production from corn starch in a fluidized-bed bioreactor SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE ethanol; dry-milled corn starch; Zymomonas mobilis; glucoamylase; fluidized-bed reactor ID ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; FERMENTATION; IMMOBILIZATION; CELLS AB The production of ethanol from industrial dry-milled torn starch was studied in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed bioreactor using immobilized biocatalysts. Saccharification and fermentation were carried out either simultaneously or separately. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) experiments were performed using small, uniform kappa-carrageenan beads (1.5-2.5 mm in diameter) of co-immobilized glucoamylase and Zymomonas mobilis. Dextrin feeds obtained by the hydrolysis of 15% dry-milled corn starch were pumped through the bioreactor at residence times of 1.5-4 h. Single-pass conversion of dextrins ranged from 54-89%, and ethanol concentrations of 23-36 g/L were obtained at volumetric productivities of 9-15 g/L-h. Very low levels of glucose were observed in the reactor, indicating that saccharification was the rate-limiting step. In separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) experiments, dextrin feed solutions of 150-160 g/L were first pumped through an immobilized-glucoamylase packed column. At 55 degrees C and a residence time of 1 h, greater than 95% conversion was obtained, giving product streams of 162-172 g glucose/L. These streams were then pumped through the fluidized-bed bioreactor containing immobilized Z. mobilis. At a residence time of 2 h, 94% conversion and ethanol concentration of 70 g/L were achieved, resulting in an overall process productivity of 23 g/L-h. At residence times of 1.5 and 1 h, conversions of 75 and 76%, ethanol concentrations of 49 and 47 g/L, and overall process productivities of 19 and 25 g/L-h, respectively, were achieved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioproc Res & Dev Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nghiem, NP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioproc Res & Dev Ctr, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ndp@ornl.gov RI Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013 OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 359 EP 372 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100035 PM 15304707 ER PT J AU Nguyen, QA Keller, FA Tucker, MP Lombard, CK Jenkins, BM Yomogida, DE Tiangco, VM AF Nguyen, QA Keller, FA Tucker, MP Lombard, CK Jenkins, BM Yomogida, DE Tiangco, VM TI Bioconversion of mixed solids waste to ethanol SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE biomass; ethanol; pretreatment; MSW; bioconversion; hydrolysis; enzyme recycle ID CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; SACCHARIFICATION; RECYCLE; REACTOR AB A mixed solids waste (MSW) feedstock, comprising construction lumber waste (35% oven-dry basis), almond tree prunings (20%), wheat straw (20%), office waste paper (12.5%), and newsprint (12.5%), was converted to ethanol via dilute-acid pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and yeast fermentation. The MSW was pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid (0.4% w/w) at 210 degrees C for 3 min in a 4-L steam explosion reactor, then washed with water to recover the solubilized hemicellulose. The digestibility of water-washed, pretreated MSW was 90% in batch enzymatic hydrolysis at 66 FPU/g cellulose. Using an enzyme-recycle bioreactor system, greater than 90% cellulose hydrolysis was achieved at a net enzyme loading of about 10 FPU/g cellulose. Enzyme recycling using membrane filtration and a fed-batch fermentation technique is a promising option for significantly reducing the cost of enzyme in cellulose hydrolysis. The hexose sugars were readily fermentable using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain that was adapted to the hydrolysate. Solid residue after enzyme digestion was subjected to various furnace experiments designed to assess the fouling and slagging characteristics. Results of these analyses suggest the residue to be of a low to moderate slagging and fouling type if burned by itself. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Waste Energy Integrated Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Nguyen, QA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM quang_nguyen@nrel.gov NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 455 EP 472 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100043 PM 10399281 ER PT J AU Katzen, R Nghiem, NP AF Katzen, R Nghiem, NP TI Bioprocess evaluation and confirmation SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Raphael Katzen PE, Bonita Springs, FL USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Katzen, R (reprint author), Raphael Katzen PE, Bonita Springs, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 583 EP 584 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100054 PM 15304679 ER PT J AU Nagle, N Ibsen, K Jennings, E AF Nagle, N Ibsen, K Jennings, E TI A process economic approach to develop a dilute-acid cellulose hydrolysis process to produce ethanol from biomass SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE ASPEN Plus; pretreatment; bioethanol production; economic feasibility; rZ mobilis AB Successful deployment of a bioethanol process depends on the integration of technologies that can be economically commercialized. Pretreatment and fermentation operations of the traditional enzymatic bioethanol-production process constitute the largest portion of the capital and operating costs. Cost reduction in these areas, through improved reactions and reduced capital, will improve the economic feasibility of a large-scale plant. A technoeconomic model was developed using the ASPEN Plus(TM) modeling software package. This model included a two-stage pretreatment operation with a co-current first stage and countercurrent second stage, a lignin adsorption unit, and a cofermentation unit. Data from kinetic modeling of the pretreatment reactions, verified by bench-scale experiments, were used to create the ASPEN Plus base model. Results from the initial pretreatment and fermentation yields of the two-stage system correlated well to the performance targets established by the model. The ASPEN Plus model determined mass and energy-balance information, which was supplied to an economic module to determine the required selling price of the ethanol. Several pretreatment process variables such as glucose yield, liquid: solid ratio, additional pretreatment stages, and lignin adsorption were varied to determine which parameters had the greatest effect on the process economics. Optimized values for these key variables became target values for the bench-scale research, either to achieve or identify as potential obstacles in the future commercialization process. Results from this modeling and experimentation sequence have led to the design of an advanced two-stage engineering-scale reactor for a dilute-acid hydrolysis process. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Fuels & Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nagle, N (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Fuels & Chem, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Nick_Nagle@NREL.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 20 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 595 EP 607 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100056 PM 15304681 ER PT J AU McMillan, JD Newman, MM Templeton, DW Mohagheghi, A AF McMillan, JD Newman, MM Templeton, DW Mohagheghi, A TI Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation of dilute-acid pretreated yellow poplar hardwood to ethanol using xylose-fermenting Zymomonas mobilis SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE hydrolyzate conditioning; Zymomonas mobilis; enzymatic; saccharification; ethanol fermentation; SSCF; integrated testing ID FERMENTATION; CONVERSION AB Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) was carried out at approximately 15% total solids using conditioned dilute-acid pretreated yellow poplar feedstock, an adapted variant of National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) xylose-fermenting Zymomonas mobilis and either commercial or NREL-produced cellulase enzyme preparations. In 7 d, at a cellulase loading of 12 filter paper units per gram cellulose (FPU/g), the integrated system produced more than 3% w/v ethanol and achieved 54% conversion of all potentially available biomass sugars (total sugars) entering SSCF, A control SSCF employing Sigmacell cellulose and a commercial cellulase at an enzyme loading of 14 FPU/g achieved 65% conversion of total sugars to ethanol. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Ctr Fuels & Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McMillan, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Ctr Fuels & Chem, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jim_mcmillan@nrel.gov NR 32 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 649 EP 665 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100060 PM 15304685 ER PT J AU Sanford, K Himmel, M AF Sanford, K Himmel, M TI Enzymatic processes and enzyme production SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Genencor Int, Palo Alto, CA USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Sanford, K (reprint author), Genencor Int, Palo Alto, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 669 EP 670 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100061 PM 15304686 ER PT J AU Dai, ZY Hooker, BS Quesenberry, RD Gao, JW AF Dai, ZY Hooker, BS Quesenberry, RD Gao, JW TI Expression of Trichoderma reesei exo-cellobiohydrolase I transgenic tobacco leaves and calli SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE bioreactor; cellulase; exo-cellobiohydrolase I; transgenic tobacco; Trichoderma reesei ID TI-PLASMID; CELLULASES; STRAIN-L27 AB Expression of Trichoderma reesei exo-cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) gene in transgenic tobacco was under the control of CaMV 35S promoter. In;transgenic leaf tissues, CBHI activity up to 66.1 mu mol/h/g total protein was observed. In transgenic calli, the highest CBHI activity was 83.6 mu mol h/g total protein. Protein immunoblot analysis confirms the presence of CBHI enzyme in both transgenic calli and leaf tissues. CBHI expression levels accounted for about 0.11% and 0.082% of total protein in transgenic leaf tissues and calli, respectively. Furthermore, expression of CBHI gene did not affect normal growth and development of transgenic plants. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Bioproc Grp, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dai, ZY (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Bioproc Grp, Environm Technol Div, POB 999,MSIN K2-10, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ziyudai@pnl.gov NR 19 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 689 EP 699 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100064 PM 15304689 ER PT J AU Ford, CZ Sayler, GS Burlage, RS AF Ford, CZ Sayler, GS Burlage, RS TI Containment of a genetically engineered microorganism during a field bioremediation application SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIA; ENVIRONMENT; SURVIVAL AB A field release of a genetically engineered microorganism was performed at the Field Lysimeter Site on the Oak Ridge Reservation. Six large lysimeters were filled with soil that had been contaminated with a mixture of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and anthracene. A genetically engineered bacterial strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44, was sprayed onto the surface of the soil during soil loading. This strain contains a fusion between the lux genes of Vibrio fischeri and the promoter for the lower pathway of naphthalene degradation, enabling the strain to become bioluminescent when it is degrading naphthalene. Release of the bacteria outside the lysimeters was monitored, using selective agar plates and one-stage Anderson air samplers. Although approximately 10(14) bacteria were sprayed during the loading process, escape was only detected sporadically; the highest incidence of bacterial escape was found when the relative humidity and wind speed were low. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Burlage, RS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 51 IS 3 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 185CU UT WOS:000079651200015 PM 10222588 ER PT J AU Gahagan, KT Gopalan, V Robinson, JM Jia, QZX Mitchell, TE Kawas, MJ Schlesinger, TE Stancil, DD AF Gahagan, KT Gopalan, V Robinson, JM Jia, QZX Mitchell, TE Kawas, MJ Schlesinger, TE Stancil, DD TI Integrated electro-optic lens/scanner in a LiTaO3 single crystal SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MATCHED 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; DOMAIN INVERSION; FIELD APPLICATION; BEAM DEFLECTOR; PROPAGATION; LINBO3; LENS AB We report what we believe to be the first stand-alone integrated electro-optic lens and scanner fabricated on a single crystal of Z-cut LiTaO3. The independently controlled lens and scanner components consist of lithographically defined domain-inverted regions extending through the thickness of the crystal. A lens power of 0.233 cm(-1) kV(-1) and a deflection angle of 12.68 mrad kV(-1) were observed at the output of the device. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 130.3210, 160.2100, 160.2260. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gahagan, KT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Stancil, Daniel/D-1339-2013; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; OI Stancil, Daniel/0000-0002-2010-1381; , Daniel/0000-0001-7741-1893 NR 14 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1186 EP 1190 DI 10.1364/AO.38.001186 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 173ER UT WOS:000078968700016 PM 18305730 ER PT J AU Shen, YR AF Shen, YR TI Surface contribution versus bulk contribution in surface nonlinear optical spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 206th WE Heraeus Seminar Nonlinear Optics at Interfaces (NOPTI 98) CY SEP 21-24, 1998 CL MAX-PLANCK-GESELL, HARNACK HAUS, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft, Freie Univ Berlin, Max-Planck-Gesell, Fritz-Haber Inst, Goherent GmbH, Lambda Physik, Omicron, Spectra Phys, Springer-Verlag HO MAX-PLANCK-GESELL, HARNACK HAUS ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; WATER; INTERFACE AB Surface versus bulk contributions to second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation is reviewed. For use as effective surface probes, these processes must have a surface contribution dominating over, or separable from, the bulk contribution. The few experimental methods that have been employed to look into the problem are discussed. It is also noted that the interfacial layer defined in an experiment often depends on the property measured. Our surface nonlinear optical spectroscopy probes mainly an interfacial layer whose structure lacks inversion symmetry. In the cases of surface-induced or surface-field-induced polar orientation, the interfacial layer thickness can extend to several tens of monolayers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shen, YR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shenyr@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 19 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 68 IS 3 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s003400050622 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 176CX UT WOS:000079134300003 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Gracias, DH Somorjai, GA AF Chen, Z Gracias, DH Somorjai, GA TI Sum frequency generation (SFG)-surface vibrational spectroscopy studies of buried interfaces: catalytic reaction intermediates on transition metal crystal surfaces at high reactant pressures; polymer surface structures at the solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 206th WE Heraeus Seminar Nonlinear Optics at Interfaces (NOPTI 98) CY SEP 21-24, 1998 CL MAX-PLANCK-GESELL, HARNACK HAUS, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft, Freie Univ Berlin, Max-Planck-Gesell, Fritz-Haber Inst, Goherent GmbH, Lambda Physik, Omicron, Spectra Phys, Springer-Verlag HO MAX-PLANCK-GESELL, HARNACK HAUS ID ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION; STRETCHING MODES; IN-SITU; PT(111); CO; ADSORPTION; ORIENTATION; SPECTRA; DEHYDROGENATION; CYCLOHEXANE AB SFG has been utilized to monitor the surface species present on platinum and rhodium crystal surfaces during catalytic reactions at atmospheric pressures. Ethylene hydrogenation to ethane, cyclohexene hydrogenation to cyclohexane and its dehydrogenation to benzene, and carbon monoxide oxidation to carbon dioxide have been studied while also measuring the turnover rates and the gas phase product distribution by gas chromatography. Strongly bound spectators, weakly bound reaction intermediates, and pressure-dependent changes in the chemical bonding of surface species have all been observed. SFG spectra of polyethylene and polypropylene show monolayer sensitivity and reveal temperature-dependent changes of surface structure, For polymer blends, the hydrophobic component segregates to the solid-air interface, and the hydrophilic component segregates at the solid-water interface. Changes in SFG spectra of polymer blends as a function of bulk concentration correlate with changes of contact angle. SFG is an excellent probe of surface-structure and surface-composition changes as the polymer interface is altered. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Gracias, David/A-1942-2010; Chen, Zhan/G-8312-2016 OI Gracias, David/0000-0003-2735-4725; Chen, Zhan/0000-0001-8687-8348 NR 51 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 68 IS 3 BP 549 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s003400050664 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 176CX UT WOS:000079134300045 ER PT J AU Mazilu, M Donchev, V Blum, O Miller, A AF Mazilu, M Donchev, V Blum, O Miller, A TI Optical determination of interface roughness in multilayered semiconductor structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 206th WE Heraeus Seminar Nonlinear Optics at Interfaces (NOPTI 98) CY SEP 21-24, 1998 CL MAX-PLANCK-GESELL, HARNACK HAUS, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft, Freie Univ Berlin, Max-Planck-Gesell, Fritz-Haber Inst, Goherent GmbH, Lambda Physik, Omicron, Spectra Phys, Springer-Verlag HO MAX-PLANCK-GESELL, HARNACK HAUS ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX AB We have developed a new approach (the LQR method) for calculating the reflectivity and transmission spectra of a multilayer optical material with N interfaces, as an alternative to the matrix method. The approach allows the inclusion of the effects of interface roughness by introducing a "rough" element between adjacent layers. For this purpose we have developed an empirical model, which describes the effect of interface roughness on an optical beam passing through or being reflected from an interface. An assessment of the interface roughness of a multilayer structure was carried out by fitting the experimental reflectivity spectrum of GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well samples with and without oxidation of the barrier layers. The refractive index and the thickness of the oxidised layers were also obtained from the fit. C1 Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Anat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mazilu, M (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Anat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM a.miller@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Mazilu, Michael/B-1852-2009; OI Mazilu, Michael/0000-0002-4758-3528; Donchev, Vesselin/0000-0003-3812-4474 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 68 IS 3 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.1007/s003400050677 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 176CX UT WOS:000079134300058 ER PT J AU Cho, CR Yarykin, N Brown, RA Kononchuk, O Rozgonyi, GA Zuhr, RA AF Cho, CR Yarykin, N Brown, RA Kononchuk, O Rozgonyi, GA Zuhr, RA TI Evolution of deep-level centers in p-type silicon following ion implantation at 85 K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; SI; DEFECTS AB In situ deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements have been carried out on p-type silicon following MeV He, Si, and Ge ion implantation at 85 K. Deep levels corresponding to intrinsic and impurity-related point defects are only detected after annealing at temperatures above 200 K. In addition to divacancies, interstitial carbon, and a carbon-oxygen complex, the formation of another defect, denoted as K2, has been observed during annealing at 200-230 K in epitaxial wafers, and at 200-300 K in Czochralski grown material. The energy level of the K2 defect is located 0.36 eV above the valence band, which is very close to a previously observed level of the carbon-oxygen pair. The relative concentration of this defect is similar to 10 times higher in samples implanted with Ge than in those implanted with He. Due to its formation temperature, equal concentration in epitaxial and Czochralski grown wafers, and absence in n-type samples, the K2 trap has been tentatively identified as a vacancy-related complex which probably contains boron. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)1609-5]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cho, CR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Yarykn, Nikolai/C-7277-2014 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1263 EP 1265 DI 10.1063/1.123519 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZQ UT WOS:000079010000025 ER PT J AU Venezia, VC Haynes, TE Agarwal, A Pelaz, L Gossmann, HJ Jacobson, DC Eaglesham, DJ AF Venezia, VC Haynes, TE Agarwal, A Pelaz, L Gossmann, HJ Jacobson, DC Eaglesham, DJ TI Mechanism for the reduction of interstitial supersaturations in MeV-implanted silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; DOPANT DIFFUSION; POINT-DEFECTS; SI; IRRADIATION; B+; P+ AB We demonstrate that the excess vacancies induced by a 1 MeV Si implant reduce the excess interstitials generated by a 40 keV Si implant during thermal annealing when these two implants are superimposed in silicon. It is shown that this previously observed reduction is dominated by vacancy annihilation and not by gettering to deeper interstitial-type extended defects. Interstitial supersaturations were measured using B doping superlattices (DSL) grown on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Implanting MeV and keV Si ions into the B DSL/SOI structure eliminated the B transient enhanced diffusion normally associated with the keV implant. The buried SiO2 layer in the SOI substrate isolates the deep interstitials-type extended defects of the MeV implant, thereby eliminating the possibility that these defects getter the interstitial excess induced by the keV Si implant. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03309-4]. C1 AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Eaton Corp, Semicond Equipment Operat, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76201 USA. Univ Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain. RP Venezia, VC (reprint author), AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Pelaz, Lourdes/M-1766-2014; Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 23 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1299 EP 1301 DI 10.1063/1.123530 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZQ UT WOS:000079010000037 ER PT J AU Li, Q Tsay, YN Suenaga, M Wirth, G Gu, GD Koshizuka, N AF Li, Q Tsay, YN Suenaga, M Wirth, G Gu, GD Koshizuka, N TI Superconducting transport properties of 2.2-GeV Au-ion irradiated c-axis twist Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta bicrystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLUMNAR DEFECTS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; TAPES AB 2.2-GeV Au-ions irradiation is used to study the effect of columnar defects on the transport properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi2212) bicrystals with high quality c-axis twist grain boundary. The studies show a similar increase in the irreversible temperature determined within the single crystals and across the grain boundaries after irradiation. However, the irradiation enhancement on the grain boundary critical current (I-c) at low temperatures is small, compared to the more than an order of magnitude increase of single crystal I-c. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03909-1]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. ISTEC, Koto Ku, Tokyo 135, Japan. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1323 EP 1325 DI 10.1063/1.123538 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZQ UT WOS:000079010000045 ER PT J AU Schoonover, JR Havrilla, GJ AF Schoonover, JR Havrilla, GJ TI Combining X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and vibrational microscopy to assess highly heterogeneous, actinide-contaminated materials SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE chemical imaging; integrated spectroscopy; microscopy; X-ray fluorescence; Raman; infrared ID BARIUM-SULFATE; RAMAN MICROSPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PLUTONIUM; MICROFLUORESCENCE; NEPTUNIUM; MICROBEAM; AMERICIUM; ALPHA AB Combining X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry with micro-Ra-man and infrared spectroscopies is shown to be a powerful experimental approach in providing information on components present in highly heterogeneous materials which contain or have been in contact with actinides. In this initial study, the quantitative XRF data demonstrate a correlation in the relative amounts of plutonium with other elements such as strontium and yttrium. The XRF mapping provides further evidence for correlation of these (and other) elements and identifies regions of interest within the sample to be further studied. These regions were then examined by vibrational microscopy to supply information on molecular species present and their spatial distribution. This experimental approach provides insight into very complex samples and provides a technique capable of exploring interactions of molecular components with actinides in complex media. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schoonover, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 53 IS 3 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1366/0003702991946622 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 180BA UT WOS:000079364000004 ER PT J AU Wayne, DM Schulze, RK Maggiore, C Cooke, DW Havrilla, G AF Wayne, DM Schulze, RK Maggiore, C Cooke, DW Havrilla, G TI Characterization of tantalum films on analytical surfaces: Insights into sputtering of nonconductors in a direct-current glow discharge using secondary cathodes SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE glow discharge mass spectrometry; secondary cathode; sputter redeposition; thin films; Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy; thin-film characterization ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; OPTICAL-EMISSION; KTIOPO4; GLASS; TRACE; OPTIMIZATION; IMPURITIES; PROFILES; LAYERS AB We performed glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) analyses on several nonconducting ceramic materials: a glass microscope slide, Nd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), and several National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (e,g,, Trace Elements in Glass SRM 610 and SRM 612), The sputtering of the nonconductor in the Go source results in the formation of a circular sputter crater whose surface profile varies with changing conditions in the Go cell. Following GD analysis, examination of the sample surfaces within, and adjacent to, the sputter crater by micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the sputter-deposited Ta film is nonuniform. In several samples, a sharp discontinuity is observable in both Ta concentration and average Z-number approximately 0.5 mm from the crater perimeter. This discontinuity probably corresponds to the physical contact between the Ta cathode and the nonconducting sample beneath. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was then used to characterize Ta film thickness for each of the materials, The data presented here indicate that both crater shape and film thickness are dependent on Go sputtering parameters and on the nature of the material being sputtered. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wayne, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, NMT-1,MS G740, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 53 IS 3 BP 266 EP 277 DI 10.1366/0003702991946640 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 180BA UT WOS:000079364000005 ER PT J AU Alam, MK Rohrscheib, MR Franke, JE Niemczyk, TM Maynard, JD Robinson, MR AF Alam, MK Rohrscheib, MR Franke, JE Niemczyk, TM Maynard, JD Robinson, MR TI Measurement of pH in whole blood by near-infrared spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE whole blood; pH; near-infrared spectroscopy; light scatter AB Whole blood pH has been determined in vitro by using near-infrared spectroscopy over the wavelength range of 1500 to 1785 nm with multivariate calibration modeling of the spectral data obtained from two different sample sets. In the first sample set, the PH of whole blood was varied without controlling cell size and oxygen saturation (O-2 Sat) variation. The result was that the red blood cell (RBC) size and O-2 Sat correlated with pH. Although the partial least-squares (PLS) multivariate calibration of these data produced a good pH prediction cross-validation standard error of prediction (CVSEP) = 0.046, R-2 = 0.982, the spectral data were dominated by scattering changes due to changing RBC size that correlated with the PH changes. A second experiment was tarried out where the RBC size and OZ Sat were varied orthogonally to the pH variation. A PLS calibration of the spectral data obtained from these samples produced a pH prediction with an R-2 of 0.954 and a cross-validated standard error of prediction of 0.064 pH units. The robustness of the PLS calibration models was tested by predicting the data obtained fi om the other sets. The predicted pH values obtained from both data sets yielded R-2 values greater than 0.9 once the data were corrected for differences in hemoglobin concentration. For example, with the use of the calibration produced from the second sample set, the pH values from the first sample set were predicted with an R-2 of 0.92 after the predictions were corrected for bias and slope. It is shown that spectral information specific to PH-induced chemical changes in the hemoglobin molecule is contained within the PLS loading vectors developed for both the first and second data sets. It is this pH specific information that allows the spectra dominated by PH-correlated scattering changes to provide robust pH predictive ability in the uncorrelated data, and visa versa. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Rio Grande Med Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Alam, MK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0342, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 53 IS 3 BP 316 EP 324 DI 10.1366/0003702991946523 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 180BA UT WOS:000079364000012 ER PT J AU DiBattista, M Patel, SV Mansfield, JF Schwank, JW AF DiBattista, M Patel, SV Mansfield, JF Schwank, JW TI In-situ elevated temperature imaging of thin films with a microfabricated hot stage for scanning probe microscopes SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hot stage; AFM; SPM; thin films ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PT/TI BILAYER; GAS-DETECTOR; SILICON; SENSORS; METAL AB A microfabricated hot stage for a scanning probe microscope (SPM) has been developed to enable in-situ investigations of thin film specimens at elevated temperatures. With this hot stage, a SPM can now examine and test materials at high magnifications under conditions that closely resemble their true service temperature. The hot stage is capable of operating from ambient room temperature up to 800 degrees C without damage to the microscope. With this device, topographical images of platinum supported titanium films, which are important for catalytic reaction studies, thin film gas sensor technology, and microelectronic applications, have been acquired at temperatures between 25-400 degrees C. The average roughness of these films remained constant at 12.4 +/- 1.9 nm. The surface of the hot stage can be equipped with electrodes enabling four point probe measurements of conducting specimens as the temperature is increased and the surface is imaged. In-situ imaging of the titanium underlayer diffusing through the platinum film has been observed at 375 degrees C. Titanium migration to the surface near this temperature is also shown on 35 Angstrom Pt/65 Angstrom Ti films with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This stage can be retrofitted to any existing SPM to expand its current capabilities to include high temperature analysis of a wide diversity of materials, from biological samples, to polymers, and metals. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Electron Microbeam Anal Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Schwank, JW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Schwank, Johannes/A-8315-2013; Patel, Sanjay/D-2903-2014 OI Patel, Sanjay/0000-0001-9540-9957 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00603-5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 173KM UT WOS:000078979800013 ER PT J AU Barbagallo, CM Fan, JL Blanche, PJ Rizzo, M Taylor, JM Krauss, RM AF Barbagallo, CM Fan, JL Blanche, PJ Rizzo, M Taylor, JM Krauss, RM TI Overexpression of human hepatic lipase and ApoE in transgenic rabbits attenuates response to dietary cholesterol and alters lipoprotein subclass distributions SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipoproteins; apoE; hepatic lipase; rabbits; transgene ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HERITABLE HYPERLIPIDEMIC RABBITS; HEPARAN-SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; INTERMEDIATE DENSITY; ENZYMATIC DETERMINATION; CHYLOMICRON METABOLISM; REMNANT LIPOPROTEINS; WHHL RABBITS; APOPROTEIN-E AB The effect of the expression of human hepatic lipase (HL) or human apoE on plasma lipoproteins in transgenic rabbits in response to dietary cholesterol was compared with the response of nontransgenic control rabbits. Supplementation of a chow diet with 0.3% cholesterol and 3.0% soybean oil for 10 weeks resulted in markedly increased levels of plasma cholesterol and VLDL and IDL in control rabbits as expected. Expression of either HL or apoE reduced plasma cholesterol response by 75% and 60%, respectively. The HL transgenic rabbits had substantial reductions in medium and small VLDL and IDL fractions but not in larger VLDL. LDL levels were also reduced, with a shift from larger, more buoyant to smaller, denser particles. In contrast, apoE transgenic rabbits had a marked reduction in the levels of large VLDLs, with a selective accumulation of IDLs and large buoyant LDLs. Combined expression of apoE and HL led to dramatic reductions of total cholesterol (85% versus controls) and of total VLDL+IDL+LDL (87% versus controls). HDL subclasses were remodeled by the expression of either transgene and accompanied by a decrease in HDL cholesterol compared with controls. HL expression reduced all subclasses except for HDL2b and HDL2a, and expression of apoE reduced large HDL1 and HDL2b. Extreme HDL reductions (92% versus controls) were observed in the combined HL+apoE transgenic rabbits. These results demonstrate that human HL and apoE have complementary and synergistic functions in plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Palermo, Ist Med Interna & Geriatr, Palermo, Italy. Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Krauss, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Room 459,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rmkrauss@lbl.gov OI Barbagallo, Carlo M./0000-0002-4114-038X; RIZZO, Manfredi/0000-0002-9549-8504 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 51588, HL 18574] NR 62 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 19 IS 3 BP 625 EP 632 PG 8 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 175EX UT WOS:000079081200022 PM 10073966 ER PT J AU Kissler-Patig, M Grillmair, CJ Meylan, G Brodie, JP Minniti, D Goudfrooij, P AF Kissler-Patig, M Grillmair, CJ Meylan, G Brodie, JP Minniti, D Goudfrooij, P TI Toward an understanding of the globular cluster overabundance around the central giant elliptical galaxy NGC 1399 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : halos; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; globular clusters : general ID FORNAX CLUSTER; LOCAL GROUP; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; VIRGO CLUSTER; WASHINGTON PHOTOMETRY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; SYSTEM; NGC-1399; M87 AB We investigate the kinematics of a combined sample of 74 globular clusters around NGC 1399. Their high velocity dispersion, increasing with radius, indicates their association with the gravitational potential of the galaxy cluster rather than with that of NGC 1399 itself. We find no evidence for rotation in the full sample, although there is some indication of rotation in the outer regions. The data do not allow us to detect differences between the kinematics of the blue and red subpopulations of globular clusters. A comparison of the globular cluster systems of NGC 1399 and those of NGC 1404 and NGC 1380 indicates that the globular clusters in all three galaxies are likely to have formed via similar mechanisms and at similar epochs. The only property that distinguishes the NGC 1399 globular cluster system from these others is that it is 10 times more abundant. We summarize the evidence for associating these excess globular clusters with the galaxy cluster rather than with NGC 1399 itself and suggest that the overabundance can be explained by tidal stripping, at an early epoch, of neighboring galaxies and subsequent accumulation of globular clusters in the gravitational potential of the galaxy cluster. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santiago 22, Chile. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. European Space Agcy, Estec, Dept Space Sci, Div Astrophys, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Kissler-Patig, M (reprint author), European Space Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM mbissler@ucolick.org; carl@ipac.caltech.edu; gmeylan@eso.org; brodie@ucolick.org; dante@astro.puc.cl; goudfroo@stsci.edu NR 85 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 117 IS 3 BP 1206 EP 1218 DI 10.1086/300762 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187KZ UT WOS:000079786900010 ER PT J AU Helfand, DJ Schnee, S Becker, RH White, RL McMahon, RG AF Helfand, DJ Schnee, S Becker, RH White, RL McMahon, RG TI The first unbiased survey for radio stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radio continuum; stars : activity; surveys ID DWARF STARS; EMISSION; CATALOG; SKY AB Comparison of the VLA FIRST survey with various catalogs of bright stars allows an examination of the prevalence of stellar radio emission independent of optical selection criteria. This FIRST unbiased survey for radio stars covers nearly 5000 deg(2) of the northern sky to a flux density limit of 0.7 mJy at 20 cm. Using astrometric catalogs that include proper-motion information, we have detected 26 stellar radio sources, doubling the number of such objects previously known in this region of high-latitude sky. We also show that, in the absence of good proper motions, even the 1" precision of the FIRST positions is insufficient to avoid crippling chance coincidence rates. We calculate the fraction of radio detections as a function of stellar magnitude and show that, when proper motions from the Guide Star Catalog II become available, the number of stellar radio source detections should increase fourfold. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Helfand, DJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 117 IS 3 BP 1568 EP 1577 DI 10.1086/300789 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 187KZ UT WOS:000079786900038 ER PT J AU Nilsson, K Takalo, LO Pursimo, T Sillanpaa, A Heidt, J Wagner, SJ Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Brinkmann, W AF Nilsson, K Takalo, LO Pursimo, T Sillanpaa, A Heidt, J Wagner, SJ Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Brinkmann, W TI Discovery of a blue arc near the BL Lacertae object RGB 1745+398 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : BL Lacertae objects : individual : RGB 1745+398; galaxies : clusters : general; cosmology : gravitational lensing ID SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; CLUSTERING ENVIRONMENTS; FIELD GALAXIES; IMAGING SURVEY; ABELL-2218; SYSTEM; STARS AB We have made a serendipitous discovery of a blue arclike structure 8 " southeast of RGB 1745+398 (z = 0.267) during deep imaging of X-ray and radio selected BL Lacertae candidates. The spectrum of the are resembles that of a late-type galaxy with three spectral features ([O II] emission, Mg Ir absorption and 4000 Angstrom break) that indicate z = 1.057. We interpret the are as a gravitationally enhanced image of a background galaxy and the observed velocity splitting of the [O II] line (350 km s(-1)) as due to its rotation, although we cannot rule out the possibility that the source consists of a pair of background galaxies. We find the host galaxy of RGB 1745+398 to be the brightest duster member (M-R = -24.9) of a moderately massive cluster that most likely provides the lensing mass. From simple considerations we obtain M similar to 1.3 x 10(13) M-. and M/L-B similar to 60 for the central part (r < 40 h(50)(-1) kpc) of the cluster. C1 Tuorla Observ, FIN-21500 Piikkio, Finland. Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Calif Davis, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP Nilsson, K (reprint author), Tuorla Observ, Vaisalantie 20, FIN-21500 Piikkio, Finland. EM kani@astro.utu.fi NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 343 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 173LG UT WOS:000078981600018 ER PT J AU Jones, MD Ortiz, G Ceperley, DM AF Jones, MD Ortiz, G Ceperley, DM TI Indication of singly ionized helium in the white dwarf GD 229 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE stars : white dwarfs; stars : magnetic fields; stars : individual : GD 229; stars : individual : LB 11146B ID SPECTRUM; HYDROGEN AB We comment on the applicability of the stationary line argument recently used by Jordan et al. (1998) to account for the unusual absorption features in the observed optical spectra of GD 229. Moreover, we provide an alternative explanation based upon the existence of neutral and singly ionized atomic helium atoms as the main elements comprising the atmosphere of this magnetized white dwarf star. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Jones, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mdj@lanl.gov RI Ceperley, David/A-6858-2008 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 343 IS 3 BP L91 EP L93 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182JD UT WOS:000079495100004 ER PT J AU Abriola, D Avignone, FT Brodzinski, RL Collar, JI Di Gregorio, DE Farach, HA Garcia, E Gattone, AO Guerard, CK Hasenbalg, F Huck, H Miley, HS Morales, A Morales, J de Solorzano, AO Puimedon, J Reeves, JH Salinas, A Sarsa, ML Villar, JA AF Abriola, D Avignone, FT Brodzinski, RL Collar, JI Di Gregorio, DE Farach, HA Garcia, E Gattone, AO Guerard, CK Hasenbalg, F Huck, H Miley, HS Morales, A Morales, J de Solorzano, AO Puimedon, J Reeves, JH Salinas, A Sarsa, ML Villar, JA TI Search for an annual modulation of dark-matter signals with a germanium spectrometer at the Sierra Grande Laboratory SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RECOIL; LIMITS; CANDIDATES; WIMPS; SASSO; HALO AB Results of a search for dark-matter induced annual modulation using 830.5 kg.days of data collected at the Sierra Grande underground laboratory with a germanium detector are presented. The analysis of the data does not show any indication of seasonal effects. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Fis, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CERN, Div EP, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Zaragoza, Fac Ciencias, Lab Fis Nucl & Altas Energias, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Fis, Av Liberator 8250, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/K-6108-2014; Villar, Jose Angel/K-6630-2014; OI Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/0000-0002-7552-1228; Villar, Jose Angel/0000-0003-0228-7589; Garcia Abancens, Eduardo/0000-0002-9827-2332 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0927-6505(98)00047-4 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 172NU UT WOS:000078931300001 ER PT J AU Zenin, VV Aksenov, ND Shatrova, AN Kopov, NV Kram, LS Poletaev, AI AF Zenin, VV Aksenov, ND Shatrova, AN Kopov, NV Kram, LS Poletaev, AI TI A device for the preliminary treatment of samples upon flow cytometry analysis SO BIOFIZIKA LA Russian DT Article DE sample; preliminary treatment; magnetic microstirrer; flow cytometry ID ONLINE REAGENT ADDITION; KINETIC MEASUREMENTS; INJECTION CYTOMETRY; STIRRING DEVICE; TIME; CELLS; DNA; RESOLUTION AB A device for the preliminary treatment of samples immediately prior to flow cytofluorimetric analysis is described. The device is intended for several procedures: (a) mixing of hatched sample volumes with the reagent and efficient stirring of the mixture; (b) disintegration of cell aggregates; and (c) disruption of cell membranes to release the cell contents (chromosomes, micronuclei, nuclei etc.). The pretreatment is useful for;studying the kinetic parameters of fast cellular processes in the flow, a more correct analysis of the cell cycle and the study of caryotypes of single mitotic cells. The device was called a magnetic microstirrer. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, BP Konstantinov Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Russian Acad Sci, VA Engelhardt Mol Biol Inst, Moscow 117984, Russia. RP Zenin, VV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, Tikhoretskii Pr 4,K-64, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. RI Klopov, Nikolay/J-5041-2015; Shatrova, Alla/R-8042-2016; Aksenov, Nikolay/F-1679-2017 OI Klopov, Nikolay/0000-0003-3688-8008; NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0006-3029 J9 BIOFIZIKA+ JI Biofizika PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 44 IS 2 BP 303 EP 312 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 207AJ UT WOS:000080912900017 PM 10418680 ER PT J AU Gourley, PL McDonald, AE Hendricks, JK Copeland, GC Hunter, J Akhil, O Dunne, JL Skirboll, SL Nihlen, L Capps, H AF Gourley, P. L. McDonald, A. E. Hendricks, J. K. Copeland, G. C. Hunter, J. Akhil, O. Dunne, J. L. Skirboll, S. L. Nihlen, L. Capps, H. TI NanoLaser/Microfluidic BioChip for Realtime Tumor Pathology SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE tumor pathology semiconductor microfabrication microfluidics nanolasers; nanotechnology cytometry AB Through recent interdisciplinary scientific research, modern medicine has significantly advanced the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, little progress has been made in reducing the death rate due to cancer, which remains the leading cause of death in much of the world. Pathologists routinely rely on microscopic examination of cell morphology using methods that originated over a hundred years ago. These staining methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and frequently in error. New micro-analytical methods1 (JBM, 1998; Harrison et al., 1993; Ramsey et al., 1995; Mauro Ferrari, Lynn Jelinski, 1994; Anderson et al., 1996; Carlson et al., 1996) for high speed (real time) automated screening of tissues and cells are critical to advancing pathology and hold the potential for improving diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. By teaming experts in semiconductor physics, microfabrication, surface chemistry, film synthesis, and fluid mechanics with microbiologists and medical doctors, we are investigating nanostructured biochips to assess the condition of tumor cells by quantifying total protein content. This technique has the potential to quickly identify a cell population that has begun rapid protein synthesis and mitosis, characteristic of tumor cell proliferation. By incorporating microfluidic flow of cells inside the laser microcavity for the first time, we have enabled high throughput screening of cells in their native state, without need of chemical staining, in a sensitive nanodevice. C1 [Gourley, P. L.; McDonald, A. E.; Hendricks, J. K.; Copeland, G. C.; Hunter, J.; Akhil, O.; Dunne, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Skirboll, S. L.; Nihlen, L.; Capps, H.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Gourley, PL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1115 MS1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM plgourl@sandia.gov FU DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The authors are grateful to L. Sklar and C. Fritz of the University of New Mexico Cancer Center for performing the conventional flow cytometry measurements. We also thank D. Sasaki for helping with surface chemistry issues and C. Wong for microfluidics calculations. Finally we thank M. F. Gourley, MD for helpful advice on cell biology. This work was supported under DOE contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 EI 1572-8781 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD MAR PY 1999 VL 2 IS 2 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1023/A:1009945603841 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V33KZ UT WOS:000209019000006 ER PT J AU McNulty, JJ Dunn, JJ AF McNulty, JJ Dunn, JJ TI High-throughput transformation and plating using petristrips SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McNulty, JJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD MAR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 3 BP 390 EP + PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 173MH UT WOS:000078984000004 PM 10090970 ER PT J AU Griffith, JK Bryant, JE Fordyce, CA Gilliland, FD Joste, NE Moyzis, RK AF Griffith, JK Bryant, JE Fordyce, CA Gilliland, FD Joste, NE Moyzis, RK TI Reduced telomere DNA content is correlated with genomic instability and metastasis in invasive human breast carcinoma SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE aneuploidy; breast cancer; genomic instability; metastasis; prognostic markers; telomeres ID HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; HUMAN TISSUES; CANCER; LENGTH; REDUCTION; CELLS; EVOLUTION AB Telomere shortening leads to genomic instability and has been correlated with poor outcome in several types of cancer. A recently described, robust titration assay was used to quantify telomere DNA content in frozen and paraffin-embedded specimens of 49 invasive human breast carcinomas, including tumors with normal or abnormal contents of genomic DNA, which produced regional, distant, or local disease. Telomere DNA contents ranged from 53% to 370% of the content in a reference DNA purified from normal placenta. Tumors were divided into three groups of approximately equal size based on increasing telomere DNA content. All of 16 tumors in the group with the least telomere DNA (Group I), were aneuploid compared to 9/17 tumors in the group with the most telomere DNA (Group III). The Chi-square test for trend indicated that tumors with the least telomere DNA were significantly more likely to be aneuploid than tumors with the most telomere DNA (p < 0.002). Twelve of 14 tumors in Group I also produced metastatic disease compared to 8/15 tumors in Group III. The Fischer Exact Test indicated that tumors with the least telomere DNA were significantly more likely to be metastatic than tumors with the most telomere DNA (p < 0.05). There was no association between telomere DNA content and patients' age, tumors' size, grade, stage, or fraction of cells in S-phase. The correlation of reduced telomere DNA content with aneuploidy and metastasis, both of which are associated with poor outcome in invasive breast carcinoma, implies that telomere DNA content also could have prognostic value. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Griffith, JK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 31 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 54 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1023/A:1006128228761 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 195VX UT WOS:000080273800007 PM 10369081 ER PT J AU Tang, XZ Boozer, AH AF Tang, XZ Boozer, AH TI Design criteria of a chemical reactor based on a chaotic flow SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID ADVECTION AB We consider the design criteria of a chemical mixing device based on a chaotic flow, with an emphasis on the steady-state devices. The merit of a reactor, defined as the Q-factor, is related to the physical dimension of the device and the molecular diffusivity of the reactants through the local Lyapunov exponents of the flow. The local Lyapunov exponent can be calculated for any given flow field and it can also be measured in experimental situations. Easy-to-compute formulae are provided to estimate the Q-factor given either the exact spatial dependence of the local Lyapunov exponent or its probability distribution function. The requirements for optimization are made precise in the context of local Lyapunov exponents. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1054-1500(99)01201-X]. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Tang, XZ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM xtang@pppl.gov NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1063/1.166389 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 180WP UT WOS:000079408800017 ER PT J AU Chen, KC Ford, RM Cummings, PT AF Chen, KC Ford, RM Cummings, PT TI Spatial effect of tumbling frequencies for motile bacteria on cell balance equations SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemotaxis; cell balance equations; perturbation theory; motile bacteria ID CHEMOTAXIS COEFFICIENTS; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; CAPILLARY ASSAY; POPULATIONS; MODELS; BEHAVIOR; CHAMBER; SYSTEMS AB We performed dimensional reduction of Alt's three-dimensional cell balance equations to one-dimensional Segel's equations for an axisymmetrical case. The tumbling frequency of motile bacteria was assumed to switch between two different phases according to the sign of the perceived chemical gradients. Chemotactic bacteria responded to positive attractant gradients by suppressing the tumbling frequency, but appeared to be insensitive to negative attractant gradients. When both temporal and spatial attractant gradients were considered, this tumbling scenario constituted a limited swimming angle range. It was only within this angle range that the bacterial tumbling frequency was regulated according to the perceived attractant gradients. This angle range, characterized by the angle theta(0), plays a major role in determining the effective chemotactic responses. The bacterial density distribution in the velocity space was derived via a first-order perturbation analysis, and then applied to studies of two bacterial population transport parameters (the random motility coefficient and the chemotactic velocity). Two approaches different in dimensionality were presented. While the one-dimensional approach asymptotically yielded the expected, but incorrect, one-dimensional random motility coefficient as ti, approached zero, the three-dimensional approach always yielded the correct result. As to the chemotactic velocity, both approaches yielded the same expression. To validate our analyses and to explore possible limitations due to certain simplifying assumptions in the derivations, we further examined three numerical examples in which Galerkin finite element solutions of the Alt's three-dimensional equation were compared with analytical solutions. The agreement between the perturbation solutions and numerical solutions for all data over the entire range of theta(0) suggested that our perturbation analysis is valid under the condition of small constant attractant gradients. For chemical gradients of arbitrary magnitudes with temporal and spatial variations, our solutions were also found efficient and robust in comparison to numerical solutions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Ford, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 54 IS 5 BP 593 EP 617 DI 10.1016/S0009-2509(98)00268-1 PG 25 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 172MA UT WOS:000078927100003 ER PT J AU Yamada, K Imahori, H Yoshizawa, E Gosztola, D Wasielewski, MR Sakata, Y AF Yamada, K Imahori, H Yoshizawa, E Gosztola, D Wasielewski, MR Sakata, Y TI Self-assembly of zincporphyrin dimer and pyromellitimide using two coordination bonds and photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer SO CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPRAMOLECULE; PORPHYRINS; ENERGY AB Zincporphyrin dimer-pyromellitimide supramolecule has been designed and assembled using two coordination bonds. Photoinduced charge separation and charge recombination in the supramolecule were observed by picosecond time-resolved transient absorption measurements. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Imahori, H (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, 8-1 Mihoga Oka, Osaka 5670047, Japan. RI Gosztola, David/D-9320-2011; Imahori, Hiroshi/B-5574-2013 OI Gosztola, David/0000-0003-2674-1379; Imahori, Hiroshi/0000-0003-3506-5608 NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-5 KANDA-SURUGADAI CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-8307, JAPAN SN 0366-7022 EI 1348-0715 J9 CHEM LETT JI Chem. Lett. PD MAR PY 1999 IS 3 BP 235 EP 236 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 182XY UT WOS:000079524500023 ER PT J AU Berg, DR Ferrier, G AF Berg, DR Ferrier, G TI The US environmental industry SO CHEMTECH LA English DT Article AB This product and service industry that enables the United States and, to a lesser extent, other nations to meet their environmental objectives is in transition. There are critical policy choices to be made as proactive pollution prevention replaces backward-looking government-mandated remediation. C1 US DOE, Environm Management Technol Dev Program, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Berg, DR (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Management Technol Dev Program, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2703 J9 CHEMTECH JI Chemtech PD MAR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 173NX UT WOS:000078987600011 ER PT J AU Vierra, BJ AF Vierra, BJ TI Hernando de Soto among the Apalachee: The archaeology of the first Winter encampment SO COLONIAL LATIN AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Vierra, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLAHR, SPANISH COLONIAL RES CENTER PI ALBUQUERQUE PA UNIV NEW MEXICO, ZIMMERMAN LIBRARY, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 1063-5769 J9 COLON LAT AM HIST R JI Colon. Latin Amer. Hist. Rev. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 2 BP 230 EP 232 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 224FA UT WOS:000081885700006 ER PT J AU Hurt, R Davis, K AF Hurt, R Davis, K TI Percolative fragmentation and spontaneous agglomeration SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID FLY-ASH FORMATION; PULVERIZED-COAL; COMBUSTION; MODEL AB Captive particle imaging experiments were performed on over 200 coal and char particles in the pulverized size range from four coals of various rank at oxygen concentration from 3-19 mol-% and at gas temperatures of about 1250 K. Despite wide variations in single-particle behavior, the data set reveals two clear trends that provide new information on the nature of char combustion. First, the low-rank coal chars are observed to maintain their high reactivity through the late stages of combustion, thus avoiding the near-extinction events and long burnout tails observed for bituminous coal chars. Secondly, percolative fragmentation in the late stages of combustion is a rare event under these conditions. Some particles reach a percolation threshold late in combustion, but typically undergo spontaneous agglomeration rather than liberation of the incipient fragments. It is concluded that percolative fragmentation behavior in the pulverized size range is determined not only by solid-phase connectivity, but also by a real competition between disruptive and cohesive forces present at the time of formation of the colloidal-sized incipient fragments. (C) 1998 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hurt, R (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Box D,182 Hoep St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAR PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 BP 662 EP 670 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(98)00061-3 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 153XV UT WOS:000077859400014 ER PT J AU Telengator, AM Margolis, SB Williams, FA AF Telengator, AM Margolis, SB Williams, FA TI Analysis of ignition of a porous energetic material SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BOUNDARY; 2-PHASE FLOW; DEFLAGRATION; FLUX AB A theory of ignition is presented to analyse the effect of porosity on the time to ignition of a semi-infinite porous energetic solid subjected to a constant energy flux. An asymptotic perturbation analysis, based on the smallness of the gas-to-solid density ratio and the largeness of the activation energy, is utilized to describe the inert and transition stages leading to thermal runaway. As in the classical study of a nonporous solid, the transition stage consists of three spatial regions in the limit of large activation energy: a thin reactive-diffusive layer adjacent to the exposed surface of the material where chemical effects are first felt, a somewhat thicker transient-diffusive zone and, finally, an inert region where the temperature field is still governed solely by conductive heat transfer. Solutions in each region are constructed at each order with respect to the density-ratio parameter and matched to one another using asymptotic matching principles. It is found that the effects of porosity provide a leading-order reduction in the time to ignition relative to that for the nonporous problem, arising from the reduced amount of solid material that must be heated and the difference in thermal conductivities of the solid and gaseous phases. A positive correction to the leading-order ignition-delay time, however, is provided by the convective flow of gas out of the solid, which stems from the effects of thermal expansion and removes energy from the system. The latter phenomenon is absent from the corresponding calculation for the nonporous problem and produces a number of modifications at the next order in the analysis arising from the relative transport effects associated with the gas flow. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Appl Mech & Engn Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Telengator, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Appl Mech & Engn Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 3 IS 1 BP 33 EP 49 DI 10.1088/1364-7830/3/1/003 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 187BU UT WOS:000079766900003 ER PT J AU Aslam, TD Stewart, DS AF Aslam, TD Stewart, DS TI Detonation shock dynamics and comparisons with direct numerical simulation SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL DETONATION; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; SCHEMES AB Comparisons between direct numerical simulation (DNS) of detonation and detonation shock dynamics (DSD) is made. The theory of DSD defines the motion of the detonation shock in terms of the intrinsic geometry of the shock surface, in particular for condensed phase explosives the shock normal velocity, D-n, the normal acceleration, (D) over dot(n), and the total curvature, kappa. In particular, the properties of three intrinsic front evolution laws are studied and compared. These are (i) constant speed detonation (Huygens construction), (ii) curvature-dependent speed propagation (D-n-kappa relation) and (iii) curvature- and speed-dependent acceleration ((D) over dot(n)-D-n-kappa relation). We show that it is possible to measure shock dynamics directly from simulation of the reactive Euler equations and that subsequent numerical solution of the intrinsic partial differential equation for the shock motion (e.g. a (D) over dot(n)-D-n-kappa relation) reproduces the computed shock motion with high precision. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Aslam, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 3 IS 1 BP 77 EP 101 DI 10.1088/1364-7830/3/1/005 PG 25 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 187BU UT WOS:000079766900005 ER PT J AU Gritzo, LA Strickland, JH AF Gritzo, LA Strickland, JH TI A gridless solution of the radiative transfer equation for fire and combustion calculations SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; MEDIA; SOOT AB A gridless technique for the solution of the integral form of the radiative heat flux equation for emitting and absorbing media is presented. The technique was developed to yield solutions of participating media radiative heat transfer in a manner compatible with numerical simulation of the flow and temperature held by gridless vortex and transport element methods, respectively. Additional utility for subgrid analyses, in conjunction with direct numerical simulation or reduced dimensional mixing and turbulence models is noted. Results are compared to established and newly developed closed-form solutions for transport with uniform properties in a planar media. Significant errors in alternative techniques that include simplifications of the governing equations are illustrated by direct comparison. Radiative transfer analyses of highly resolved temperature fields representative of single and multiple (150) flame sheets are performed. Multipole fast solvers for the exponential integrals in the radiative transfer equations are developed and are shown to yield reductions in CPU time of an order of magnitude for modest problem sizes (N similar to O(1000)) and two orders of magnitude for large problems (N similar to O(10000)). Additional improvements in computational efficiency are provided since the gridless formulation only requires a numerical representation of the portion of the domain with significant temperature gradients and the results are provided in the form of gradients of energy deposition. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9116, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gritzo, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9116, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 3 IS 1 BP 159 EP 175 DI 10.1088/1364-7830/3/1/009 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 187BU UT WOS:000079766900009 ER PT J AU Dubois, PF AF Dubois, PF TI Scientific components are coming SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Directorate, Div Atmospher Sci, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparis, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dubois, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Directorate, Div Atmospher Sci, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparis, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD MAR PY 1999 VL 32 IS 3 BP 115 EP 117 DI 10.1109/2.751338 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 172AK UT WOS:000078899000023 ER PT J AU McKay, MD Morrison, JD Upton, SC AF McKay, MD Morrison, JD Upton, SC TI Evaluating prediction uncertainty in simulation models SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 98) CY APR 19-22, 1998 CL VENICE, ITALY DE model uncertainty; uncertainty analysis; sensitivity analysis; nonparametric variance decomposition ID VARIANCE; SYSTEMS; OUTPUT AB Input values are a source of uncertainty for model predictions. When input uncertainty is characterized by a probability distribution, prediction uncertainty is characterized by the induced prediction distribution. Comparison of a model predictor based on a subset Of model inputs to the full model predictor leads to a natural decomposition of the prediction variance and the correlation ratio as a measure of importance. Because the variance decomposition does not depend on assumptions about the form of the relation between inputs and output, the analysis can be called nonparametric. Variance components can be estimated through designed computer experiments. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McKay, MD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mdm@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 117 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(98)00155-6 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 179TB UT WOS:000079344200006 ER PT J AU Helton, JC AF Helton, JC TI Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in performance assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 98) CY APR 19-22, 1998 CL VENICE, ITALY DE aleatory uncertainty; epistemic uncertainty; performance assessment; radioactive waste disposal; sensitivity analysis; stochastic uncertainty; subjective uncertainty; uncertainty analysis; Waste Isolation Pilot Plant ID CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; EPA RELEASE LIMITS; BRINE MIGRATION; RISK ASSESSMENTS; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; PERMEABLE SHAFT; COMPUTER-MODELS; PANEL SEALS; DISPOSAL; GAS AB The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is underdevelopment by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the geologic (deep underground) disposal of transuranic (TRU) waste. This development has been supported by a sequence of performance assessments (PAs) carried out by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) to assess what is known about the WIPP and to provide guidance for future DOE research and development activities Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis procedures based on Latin hypercube sampling and regression techniques ply a major role in these PAs by providing an assessment of the uncertainty in important :analysis outcomes and identifying the sources of this uncertainty. Performance assessments for the WIPP are conceptually and computationally interesting due to regulatory requirements to assess:and display the effects of both stochastic (i.e., aleatory) and subjective (i.e., epistemic) uncertainty, where stochastic uncertainty arises from the possible disruptions that could occur over the 10000 yr regulatory period associated with the WIPP and subjective uncertainty arises from an inability to unambiguously characterize the many models and associated parameters required in a PA for the WIPP. The interplay between uncertainty analysis, sensitivity analysis, stochastic uncertainty and subjective uncertainty is discussed and illustrated in the context of a recent PA carried out by SNL to support an application by the DOE to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the certification of the WIPP for the disposal of TRU waste. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Helton, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 6848, MS 0799, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jchelto@sandia.gov NR 66 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 117 IS 1-2 BP 156 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(98)00171-4 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 179TB UT WOS:000079344200015 ER PT J AU Peterfreund, N AF Peterfreund, N TI The velocity snake: Deformable contour for tracking in spatio-velocity space SO COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FLOW; MOTION ESTIMATION; MOVING-OBJECTS; SHAPE AB We present a new active contour model for boundary tracking and position prediction of nonrigid objects, which results from applying a velocity control to the class of elastodynamical contour models, known as snakes, The proposed control term minimizes an energy dissipation function which measures the difference between the contour velocity and the apparent velocity of the image. Treating the image video-sequence as continuous measurements along time, it is shown that the proposed control results in robust tracking. This is in contrast to the original snake model which is proven to have tracking errors relative to image (object) velocity, thus resulting in high sensitivity to image clutter. The motion estimation further allows for position prediction of nonrigid boundaries. Based on the proposed central approach, we propose a new class of real time tracking contours, varying from models with batch-mode control estimation to models with real time adaptive controllers. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1077-3142 EI 1090-235X J9 COMPUT VIS IMAGE UND JI Comput. Vis. Image Underst. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 IS 3 BP 346 EP 356 DI 10.1006/cviu.1998.0732 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 174HE UT WOS:000079028000003 ER PT J AU Sabau, AS Raad, PE AF Sabau, AS Raad, PE TI Comparisons of compact and classical finite difference solutions of stiff problems on nonuniform grids SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID INTERPOLATION; EQUATIONS; SCHEMES AB In this paper we address the applicability of fourth-order and second-order finite difference schemes to problems which admit solutions with sharp gradients over thin layers. An optimum finite difference scheme is sought based on a thorough study of the convergence and accuracy properties of (1) classical second-order and fourth-order; (2) compact fourth-order; and (3) mixed second/fourth-order finite difference schemes. The four mixed-order finite difference schemes considered result from approximating the first and second derivatives within the nonuniform grid regions by the use of either compact or classical fourth-order and second-order finite difference schemes. The regions where severe gradients are anticipated are collocated with grid points that are distributed according to geometric progressions. Two representative boundary layer problems in fluid dynamics are chosen for this study, one governed by the Burgers equation and the other by the Reynolds equation. The convergence properties of the finite difference schemes are limited by the appearance of numerical oscillations at the grid interfaces between the uniform and nonuniform subdomains. The abrupt variation in the convergence rates corresponds to the transition from oscillatory solutions to oscillation-free solutions. It is shown that the oscillations are efficiently eliminated by the use of appropriate progression ratios in the nonuniform subdomains. For constant progression ratios, the results show that all of the considered finite difference methods, both lower-order classical schemes and higher-order compact schemes, exhibit qualitatively the same rates of convergence with respect to the uniform grid spacing. However, the compact scheme achieves vastly superior accuracies,but requires higher nonuniform grid ratios, and hence more grid points to resolve the oscillations. As the numerically generated oscillations at the interface are mitigated and eliminated on an appropriate nonuniform computational grid, the compact method is shown to be superior to classical second-order and fourth-order mixed methods in accuracy and computational efficiency for problems with boundary or interior layers. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 4508,MS 6083, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008 OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 361 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0045-7930(98)00031-0 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA 167BY UT WOS:000078613800005 ER PT J AU Gray, MG Roberts, RM Evans, TM AF Gray, MG Roberts, RM Evans, TM TI Shadow-object interface between Fortran 95 and C++ SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gray, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 1 IS 2 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1109/5992.753048 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 180WG UT WOS:000079407700012 ER PT J AU Calland, PY Dongarra, J Robert, Y AF Calland, PY Dongarra, J Robert, Y TI Tiling on systems with communication computation overlap SO CONCURRENCY-PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; COMPUTERS; LOOPS AB In the framework of fully permutable loops, tiling is a compiler technique (also known as 'loop blocking') that has been extensively studied as a source-to-source program transformation. Little work has been devoted to the mapping and scheduling of the tiles on to physical parallel processors. We present several new results in the context of limited computational resources and assuming communication-computation overlap. In particular, under some reasonable assumptions, we derive the optimal mapping and scheduling of tiles to physical processors. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ecole Normale Super Lyon, LIP, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Math Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Robert, Y (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super Lyon, LIP, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1040-3108 J9 CONCURRENCY-PRACT EX JI Concurrency-Pract. Exp. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 11 IS 3 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9128(199903)11:3<139::AID-CPE370>3.0.CO;2-X PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 197YX UT WOS:000080395300002 ER PT J AU Sumption, MD Collings, EW Scanlan, RM Nijhuis, A ten Kate, HHJ Kim, SW Wake, M Shintomi, T AF Sumption, MD Collings, EW Scanlan, RM Nijhuis, A ten Kate, HHJ Kim, SW Wake, M Shintomi, T TI Influence of strand surface condition on interstrand contact resistance and coupling loss in NbTi-wound Rutherford cables SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE multifilament wires and tapes; superconductors; AC losses ID SUPERCONDUCTING DIPOLE MAGNET; AC LOSSES; LHC; FIELDS AB Presented in this work are the results of directly measured and AC-loss-derived interstrand contact resistance (ICR) measurements performed magnetically or resistively on bare-Cu and coated-strand pairs, calorimetrically on Ii-strand Rutherford cables wound with strands that had been coated with various metallic and insulating layers, and calorimetrically and magnetically on 28-strand Rutherford cables (LHC-type) wound with bare-Cu-, Ni-, and stabrite-plated strands. Comparisons are made of the effects of various conditions of heat treatment, HT (time and temperature), and pressure (applied during HT and then either maintained or re-applied during measurement). The resulting ICRs are compared and interpreted in terms of the oxide layer on the strand coating and its response to curing conditions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Superconducting Magnet Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Twente, Ctr Appl Superconduct, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 W 19Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM mdsumption+@osu.edu RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 EI 1879-2235 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD MAR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(99)00021-1 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 202BF UT WOS:000080631700003 ER PT J AU Daney, DE Boenig, HJ Maley, MP Fleshler, S AF Daney, DE Boenig, HJ Maley, MP Fleshler, S TI Calorimeter for measuring AC losses in HTS cables for superconducting power transmission lines SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Ac losses; calorimeters; high T-c superconductors; superconducting cables; transmission lines AB We have developed a calorimeter with a sensitivity of better than 1 mW/m for measuring AC losses in HTS multi-strand conductors for superconducting power transmission lines over a temperature range of 64 K to 80 K. By choosing a temperature difference technique we eliminate the need for corrections due to heating at the cable end connections. Use of a three-phase configuration allows measurement of single-phase, three-phase, and coupling losses. The 60 Hz calorimeter power supply has a capacity of 2500 A rms. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Daney, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-J580, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD MAR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(99)00017-X PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 202BF UT WOS:000080631700006 ER PT J AU Ager, JW Anders, S Anders, A Wei, B Yao, XY Brown, IG Bhatia, CS Komvopoulos, K AF Ager, JW Anders, S Anders, A Wei, B Yao, XY Brown, IG Bhatia, CS Komvopoulos, K TI Ion implantation post-processing of amorphous carbon films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 1998) CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP Renishaw plc, St Gobain, Elsevier Sci DE amorphous carbon films; ion implantation; hardness; microstructure; wear resistance ID A-C-H; RAMAN-SPECTRA; DLC FILMS; DEPOSITION; VACUUM; HARDNESS; DIAMOND; GROWTH; STRESS; MODEL AB Ion implantation techniques were used to improve the hardness and wear resistance of sputtered hydrogenated amorphous carbon films and cathodic-arc non-hydrogenated amorphous carbon films. Conventional ion implantation and plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition techniques were used to implant the films with Si, Ti, Hf and W ions of mean energies in the ranges of 28-72 and 3-6 keV, respectively, and doses between 1x10(15) and 1x10(17) cm(-2). Nanohardness measurements demonstrated an increase in the apparent film hardness, depending on the type, kinetic energy, and dose of implanted ions. The effect of the ion dose on the microstructure characteristics of implanted carbon films was studied by Raman spectroscopy. Continuous sliding tests and non-contact profilometry revealed an appreciable increase in the wear resistance of the ion implanted films. Differences in the hardness of implanted films are interpreted in terms of microstructural changes caused by competing mechanisms responsible for film densification, irradiation damage and increase of tetrahedral (sp(3)) bond configurations. It is shown that, under certain conditions, ion implantation post-processing techniques may significantly improve the nanohardness and sliding wear resistance of amorphous carbon films. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IBM Corp, Syst Storage Div, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. RP Komvopoulos, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009; Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016; OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 2-5 BP 451 EP 456 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(98)00398-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 198RD UT WOS:000080437000065 ER PT J AU Melchiorre, EB Criss, RE Rose, TP AF Melchiorre, EB Criss, RE Rose, TP TI Oxygen and carbon isotope study of natural and synthetic malachite SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORIC-ACID; MOJAVE-DESERT; FRACTIONATION; WATER; CAVE; PLEISTOCENE; CLIMATE; CALCITE; RECORD; SOILS AB Malachite, a common secondary mineral in the zone of oxidation, has recently become a major source of Cu due to the development of solution extraction-electrowinning (SXEW) technologies. Stable isotope characterization can contribute needed information on the formative mechanisms of malachite by establishing the source materials and temperature of Formation. The equilibrium O-18 and C-13 isotope fractionations between malachite degrees and water and between CO2 gas and malachite were determined by slow precipitation experiments over the temperature range 0 to 50 degrees C: [GRAPHICS] where temperature (T) is in Kelvin, and where mal degrees represents the acid liberated CO2 corrected as total calcite oxygen. This internally consistent method renders the acid correction unnecessary for application of the mal degrees-water thermometer. Natural malachites have delta(18)O and delta(13)C values that are similar to those for caliches and speleothems. This similarity supports the field evidence of malachite forming caliche-like crusts and speleothem-like structures, and bears upon the conditions of its genesis. The delta(18)O values of +18 to +31 per mil standard mean ocean water (SMOW) for natural malachites are dominantly controlled by the delta(18)O values of ambient meteoric waters and the surface temperatures. Most malachites have delta(13)C values between 0 and -21 per mil Peedee belemnite (PDB) reflecting a combination of vegetation-respired soil CO2 and carbonate rock-derived carbon. A strong correlation between the delta(18)O values of malachites and local modem meteoric waters suggests that malachites are relatively young, or alternatively, that they are easily exchanged. Using the mal degrees-water thermometer formation temperatures of 5 degrees to 35 degrees C are estimated. These temperatures correlate reasonably well with the modern local air temperatures. However samples from massive sulfide deposits such as Broken Hill, Australia, have estimated temperatures as high as 58 degrees C, probably reflecting the heat generated by sulfide oxidation during weathering. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Isotope Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Melchiorre, EB (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 10 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 94 IS 2 BP 245 EP 259 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 187HW UT WOS:000079782100004 ER PT J AU Vogt, T Reilly, JJ Johnson, JR Adzic, GD McBreen, J AF Vogt, T Reilly, JJ Johnson, JR Adzic, GD McBreen, J TI Crystal structure of nonstoichiometric La(Ni,Sn)(5+x) alloys and their properties as metal hydride electrodes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CYCLING STABILITY; HYDROGEN STORAGE ALLOYS; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; FORMING COMPOUNDS; X-RAY; COBALT; LANI5-YSNY; MICROSCOPY; TIN AB Cobalt-free La( Ni, Sn)(5+x) alloys have been identified as low-cost, corrosion-resistant electrodes for nickel-metal-hydride batteries. The structures of these alloys are similar to nonstoichiometric La(Ni,Cu)(5+x) compounds; i.e., they retain the P6/mmm space group while Ni dumbbells occupy La sites. Electrodes fabricated from certain of these novel alloys have storage capacities and cycle lives equivalent to those made from commercial battery-grade AB(5) alloys. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(98)09-022-1. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vogt, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 27 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 2 IS 3 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1149/1.1390751 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 185YF UT WOS:000079697900003 ER PT J AU Thackeray, MM Vaughey, JT Kahaian, AJ Kepler, KD Benedek, R AF Thackeray, MM Vaughey, JT Kahaian, AJ Kepler, KD Benedek, R TI Intermetallic insertion electrodes derived from NiAs-, Ni2In-, and Li2CuSn-type structures for lithium-ion batteries SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium batteries; insertion electrodes; intermetallic compounds; copper-tin ID ALLOY ANODES AB The implications of designing intermetallic insertion electrodes for lithium-ion cells are discussed in terms of materials with the NiAs-, Ni2In-, and Li2CuSn-type structures. Specific reference is made to a recent announcement that lithium can be inserted topotactically into eta-Cu6Sn5 at approximately 400 mV above the potential of metallic lithium. These materials hold promise for developing a new family of electrode structures to replace carbon as the negative electrode in state-of-the-art lithium-ion cells. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thackeray, MM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 1 IS 3-4 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S1388-2481(99)00018-1 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 240UY UT WOS:000082846200006 ER PT J AU Conconi, A Liu, XQ Koriazova, L Ackerman, EJ Smerdon, MJ AF Conconi, A Liu, XQ Koriazova, L Ackerman, EJ Smerdon, MJ TI Tight correlation between inhibition of DNA repair in vitro and transcription factor IIIA binding in a 5S ribosomal RNA gene SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DNA repair; 5S rDNA; TFIIIA; transcription; UV damage ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PYRIMIDINE DIMERS; COMPLEX-FORMATION; POLYMERASE-ALPHA; NUCLEAR EXTRACT; XENOPUS OOCYTES; ACTIVE GENE; HUMAN-CELLS; STRAND AB UV-induced photoproducts (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, CPDs) in DNA are removed by nucleotide excision repair (NER), and the presence of transcription factors on DNA can restrict the accessibility of NER enzymes. We have investigatigated the modulation of NER in a gene promoter using the Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA)-5S rDNA complex and Xenopus oocyte nuclear extracts. TFIIIA alters CPD formation primarily in the transcribed strand of the 50 bp internal control region (ICR) of 5S rDNA, During NER in vitro, CPD removal is reduced at most sites in both strands of the ICR when TFIIIA is bound. Efficient repair occurs just outside the TFIIIA-binding site (within 10 bp), and in the absence of 5S rRNA transcription, Interestingly, three CPD sites within the ICR [+56, +75 (transcribed strand) and +73 (non-transcribed strand)] are repaired rapidly when TFIIIA is bound, while CPDs within similar to 5 bases of these sites are repaired much more slowly. CPDs at these three sites may partially displace TFIIIA, thereby enabling rapid repair, However, TFIIIA is not completely displaced during NER, at least at sites outside the ICR, even though the NER complex could be sterically hindered by TFIIIA, Such inefficient repair of transcription factor binding sites could increase mutation frequency in regulatory regions of genes. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Mol Biosci Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smerdon, MJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM smerdon@mail.wsu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES02614] NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1387 EP 1396 DI 10.1093/emboj/18.5.1387 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 177AH UT WOS:000079184600028 PM 10064604 ER PT J AU Lin, CQ Parrinello, S Campisi, J Desprez, PY AF Lin, CQ Parrinello, S Campisi, J Desprez, PY TI Regulation of mammary epithelial cell phenotypes by the helix-loop-helix protein, Id-1 SO ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Meeting on Current Topics in Breast Cancer Research - Cell Death and Breast Cancer CY SEP, 1998 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND ID APOPTOSIS; SUPPRESSION AB Mammary epithelial cells undergo cycles of proliferation, invasion, differentiation and apoptotic cell-death throughout adult life. The molecular mechanisms that regulate these complex and co-ordinated developmental programs are poorly understood. We have identified Id-1 protein, a negative regulator of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, as a critical regulator of these normal mammary epithelial cell phenotypes. We also found that Id-1 is an important regulator of the aggressive and invasive phenotype, as well as mediator of the effects of sex steroid hormones, in human breast cancer cells. C1 Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Geraldine Brush Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Desprez, PY (reprint author), Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Geraldine Brush Canc Res Inst, 2330 Clay St,Room 201, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4NQ, ENGLAND SN 1351-0088 J9 ENDOCR-RELAT CANCER JI Endocr.-Relat. Cancer PD MAR PY 1999 VL 6 IS 1 BP 49 EP 50 DI 10.1677/erc.0.0060049 PG 2 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 186TW UT WOS:000079746300011 PM 10732787 ER PT J AU Salsbury, TI AF Salsbury, TI TI A practical algorithm for diagnosing control loop problems SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE air-conditioning systems; HVAC; PI control; simulation; non-linear; fault diagnosis ID PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT AB This paper describes an algorithm for detecting and diagnosing poor performance in feedback control loops. The performance of the control loop is assessed based on criteria derived from parameters that can be estimated from superficial knowledge of the controlled process. The algorithm can distinguish between three types of control problems: oscillatory response, sluggish response, and plant failure. The method is particularly applicable to heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems where linear (PI) control law is normally used despite the existence of often quite non-linear operating characteristics. In these systems, the control performance varies as the plant is exercised across its operating range. In practice, periodical re-tuning of HVAC control loops during the yearly load cycle may be necessary in order to obtain consistent control performance. The algorithm presented in this paper can act as the basis for determining when re-tuning is necessary in addition to detecting plant failure. Potential advantages of detecting control problems in HVAC systems are energy savings, reduced maintenance costs, and improved thermal comfort conditions. The paper describes the techniques comprising the algorithm and presents results from tests carried out on a simulated air-handling unit (AHU). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salsbury, TI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg 90,Room 3074, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0378-7788(98)00053-X PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 162AW UT WOS:000078323700002 ER PT J AU Premuzic, ET Bohenek, MSLM Zhou, WM AF Premuzic, ET Bohenek, MSLM Zhou, WM TI Bioconversion reactions in asphaltenes and heavy crude oils SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in the Chemistry of Asphaltene and Related Substances at the 5th North American Chemical Congress CY NOV 11-15, 1997 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Amer Chem Soc, Canadian Soc Chem AB Interactions between select microorganisms and heavy crude oils in which the microorganisms have been introduced under controlled conditions proceed via a complex set of multiple biochemical and chemical reactions. Extensive studies in this laboratory have shown that such reactions are not random and differ from those involved in biodegradation of oils and follow distinct trends which can be categorized by means of characteristic chemical markers. These markers include mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns of light and heavy hydrocarbons, heterocyclic, organometallic compounds, trace metals, and the contents of heteroatoms. Bioconversion of heavy crude oils depends on the distribution of polar compounds containing nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), oxygen (O), and trace metals. The overall effects of induced biochemical reactions are a significant lowering (24-40%) of the N, S, O, and trace metal contents. Concurrently, there is also a redistribution of hydrocarbons (HC). The reactions are both biocatalyst and crude oil dependent and, in terms of chemical mechanisms, appear to involve the asphaltene and the associated polar fractions. Recent studies dealing with biochemical reactions in heavy crudes will be discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Premuzic, ET (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM premuzic@bnl.gov NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1021/ef9802375 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 178AZ UT WOS:000079244400008 ER PT J AU Gray, LJ Maroudas, D Enmark, MN D'azevedo, EF AF Gray, LJ Maroudas, D Enmark, MN D'azevedo, EF TI Approximate Green's functions in boundary integral analysis SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE Green's function; boundary integral method; Laplace equation; symmetric-Galerkin approximation; electromigration ID ELECTROMIGRATION; VOIDS; CONDUCTORS; DYNAMICS AB It is well known that employing a Green's function which satisfies the prescribed conditions on a part of the boundary is advantageous for boundary integral calculations. In this paper, it is shown that an approximate Green's function, one in which the known data is nearly reproduced, can also be highly beneficial in implementations of the boundary-element method. This approximate Green's function approach is developed herein for solving the Laplace equation, and applied to the modeling of void dynamics under electromigration conditions in metallic thin-film interconnects used in integrated circuits. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maroudas, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 23 IS 3 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1016/S0955-7997(98)00076-9 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 162JK UT WOS:000078342300007 ER PT J AU Apte, MG Price, PN Nero, AV Revzan, KL AF Apte, MG Price, PN Nero, AV Revzan, KL TI Predicting New Hampshire indoor radon concentrations from geologic information and other covariates SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radon; Bayesian statistics ID AIRBORNE RN-222 AB Generalized geologic province information and data on house construction were used to predict indoor radon concentrations in New Hampshire (NH). A mixed-effects regression model was used to predict the geometric mean (GM) short-term radon concentrations in 259 NH towns. Bayesian methods were used to avoid over-fitting and to minimize the effects of small sample variation within towns. Data from a random survey of short-term radon measurements, individual residence building characteristics, along with geologic unit information, and average surface radium concentration by town, were variables used in the model. Predicted town GM short-term indoor radon concentrations for detached houses with usable basements range from 34 Bq/m(3) (1 pCi/l) to 558 Bq/m(3) (15 pCi/l), with uncertainties of about 30%. A geologic province consisting of glacial deposits and marine sediments was associated with significantly elevated radon levels, after adjustment for radium concentration and building type. Validation and interpretation of results are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Price, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pnprice@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 181 EP 194 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 183JZ UT WOS:000079551600003 ER PT J AU Enick, R Gale, T Klara, J Jones, J AF Enick, R Gale, T Klara, J Jones, J TI A mathematical model of an isothermal, flue gas desulfurization, copper oxide moving-bed reactor SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB An analytical model of an isothermal flue gas desulfurization moving-bed reactor has been developed. The governing equations can be applied to any moving bed reactor system with pseudo-first order gas phase kinetics. The average concentrations of SO2 in the effluent gas and CuO in the exiting sorbent are provided by explicit equations. The performance of the moving bed reactor can be predicted with these two simple expressions, thereby eliminating the need for numerical simulators that model the reactor as an array of interconnected microreactors. This analytical model is in agreement with an analytical model developed by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). Eight sets of experimental results from DOE's pilot-scale Life-Cycle-Test-System desulfurization reactor were compared wish predictions from both models. No adjustable parameters were used to optimize the fit of the data. The isothermal model underestimated the effluent concentration of SO2 by an average value of 13.2%, and underestimated the change in composition by 0.066%. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, ORISE Fac, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math & Stat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Enick, R (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, 1249 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1002/ep.670180122 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 190KE UT WOS:000079961100013 ER PT J AU Anastas, PT Williamson, TC Hjeresen, D Breen, JJ AF Anastas, PT Williamson, TC Hjeresen, D Breen, JJ TI Promoting green chemistry initiatives SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Ind Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Envrionm Management Programs, Los Alamos, NM USA. Green Chem Inst, Rockville, MD USA. RP Anastas, PT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Ind Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 5 BP 116A EP 119A PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172MU UT WOS:000078929000011 PM 21657757 ER PT J AU Salt, DE Prince, RC Baker, AJM Raskin, I Pickering, IJ AF Salt, DE Prince, RC Baker, AJM Raskin, I Pickering, IJ TI Zinc ligands in the metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens as determined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT VACUOLES; C-PRESL; ACCUMULATION; MECHANISMS; TOLERANCE; CADMIUM; MUSTARD; CELLS AB Using the noninvasive technique of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we have been able to determine the ligand environment of Zn in different tissues of the Zn-hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (J. & C. Presl.). The majority of intracellular Zn in roots of T. caerulescens was found to be coordinated with histidine. In the xylem sap. Zn was found to be transported mainly as the free hydrated Zn2+ cation with a smaller proportion coordinated with organic acids. In the shoots, Zn coordination occurred mainly via organic acids, with a smaller proportion present as the hydrated cation and coordinated with histidine and the cell wall. Our data suggest that histidine plays an important role in Zn homeostasis in the roots, whereas organic acids are involved in xylem transport and Zn storage in shoots. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Rutgers State Univ, AgBiotech Ctr, Cook Coll, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Exxon Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Salt, DE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM david.salt@nau.edu RI Salt, David/B-3864-2009; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 NR 28 TC 251 Z9 292 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 5 BP 713 EP 717 DI 10.1021/es980825x PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172MU UT WOS:000078929000023 ER PT J AU Bass, SD Brisudova, MM AF Bass, SD Brisudova, MM TI The spin and flavour dependence of high-energy photoabsorption SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID GERASIMOV SUM-RULE; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1)(N); INELASTIC MUON SCATTERING; SMALL X-BEHAVIOR; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; BJORKEN-SUM; PROTON; QCD; NUCLEON; ELECTROPRODUCTION AB We analyse the low x, low Q(2) polarised photoabsorption data from SLAG and use this data to make a first estimate of the high-energy part of the Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov sum-rule. The present status of spin dependent Regge theory is discussed. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Theoret Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Bonn, Inst Theoret Kernphys, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM Steven.Bass@mpi-hd.mpg.de; brisuda@t5.lanl.gov OI Bass, Steven/0000-0002-2089-9661 NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 1999 VL 4 IS 3 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s100500050228 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 183FW UT WOS:000079544400009 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Abbiendi, G Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Schnurbusch, H Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, D Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, AM Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, R Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Abbiendi, G Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Schnurbusch, H Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, D Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, AM Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, R Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB CA ZEUS Collaboration TI ZEUS results on the measurement and phenomenology of F-2 at low x and low Q(2) SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F-2(X,Q(2)); DEUTERON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; PROTON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS; OF-MASS ENERGY; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; MUON SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS AB Measurements of the proton structure function F-2 for 0.6 < Q(2) < 17 GeV2 and 1.2 x 10(-5) < x < 1.9 x 10(-3) from ZEUS 1995 shifted vertex data are presented. From ZEUS F-2 data the slopes dF(2)/dln Q(2) at fixed x and dlnF(2)/dln(1/x) for x < 0.01 at fixed Q(2) are derived. For the latter, E665 data are also used. The transition region in Q(2) is explored using the simplest non-perturbative models and NLO QCD. The data at very low Q(2) less than or equal to 0.65 GeV2 are described successfully by a combination of generalised vector meson dominance and Regge theory. From a NLO QCD fit to ZEUS data the gluon density in the proton is extracted in the range 3 x 10(-5) < x < 0.7. Data from NMC and BCDMS constrain the fit at large x. Assuming the NLO QCD description to be valid down to Q(2) similar to 1 GeV2, it is found that the q (q) over bar sea distribution is still rising at small x and the lowest Q(2) values whereas the gluon distribution is strongly suppressed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, IfH Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Phys Nucl, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Turin, Fac Sci 2, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. RP Breitweg, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016 OI Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240 NR 87 TC 281 Z9 282 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAR PY 1999 VL 7 IS 4 BP 609 EP 630 DI 10.1007/s100520050432 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 183FY UT WOS:000079544600004 ER PT J AU Prime, MB AF Prime, MB TI Measuring residual stress and the resulting stress intensity factor in compact tension specimens SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE residual stress; crack compliance; compact tension specimen; fracture mechanics; weight function; fatigue ID FATIGUE-CRACK GROWTH; CYCLIC COMPRESSION; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; BEHAVIOR; PROPAGATION; STRAINS; STEEL; RATIO AB The measurement of residual stress through the remaining ligament of a compact tension specimen was studied. In the crack compliance method, a slot or notch is successively extended through the part, and the resulting strain is measured at an appropriate location. By using a finite element simulation of a specimen preloaded beyond yield, three techniques for determining the original residual stress from the measured strains were compared for accuracy and sensitivity to measurement errors. A common beam-bending approximation was substantially inaccurate. The series expansion method proved to be very versatile and accurate. The fracture mechanics approach could determine the stress intensity factor caused by the residual stresses with a very simple calculation. This approach offers the exciting possibility of determining the stress intensity factor prior to a fatigue or fracture test by measuring strains during the specimen preparation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prime, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 3 BP 195 EP 204 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 199CY UT WOS:000080462900003 ER PT J AU Peshkin, M AF Peshkin, M TI Force-free interactions and nondispersive phase shifts in interferometry SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AHARONOV-CASHER PHASE; NEUTRON INTERFEROMETRY; PARTICLES AB Zeilinger's observation that phenomena of the Aharonov-Bohm type lead to non-dispersive, i.e., energy-independent, phase shifts in interferometers is generalized in a new proof which shows that the precise condition for nondispersivity is a force-free interaction. The converse theorem is disproved by a conceptual counter-example. Applications to several nondispersive interference phenomena are reviewed briefly. Those fall into two classes which are objectively distinct from each other in that in the first class phase shirts depend only on the topology of the interfering beam paths, while in the second class force free physical interactions take place at identifiable points along the path. Apparent disagreements in the literature about the topological nature of the phenomena in the second class stern from differing definitions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Peshkin, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.1023/A:1018831318661 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 206LX UT WOS:000080881500013 ER PT J AU Riccitelli, M Vecchi, G Maggiora, R Phillips, CK Majeski, RP Wilson, JR Smithe, DN AF Riccitelli, M Vecchi, G Maggiora, R Phillips, CK Majeski, RP Wilson, JR Smithe, DN TI ICRF heating scenarios for the IGNITOR machine SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE IGNITOR; ICRF; heating scenarios; minority heating; first harmonic heating ID CYCLOTRON AB A large frequency range ICRF antenna (70 < f < 140 MHz) is proposed for the IGNITOR machine, in order to allow either hydrogen or helium-3 minority heating for all the planned operating scenarios. Results from a feasibility study for such a heating system are presented. The power absorbed by the different plasma species as a function of plasma parameters for different heating scenarios was calculated using both 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional kinetic wave codes. Different alternatives are proposed in order to improve heating performances while accounting for the effects of collisional redistribution of the absorbed power. Wave absorption is predicted to be very strong for a number of different RF scenarios. Single pass absorption by alpha particles, as given by a 1-dimensional integral kinetic wave code, is also discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Elettron, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Mission Res Co, Newington, VA USA. RP Riccitelli, M (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Elettron, C So Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM mricci@polito.it OI VECCHI, Giuseppe/0000-0003-0798-5431 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00424-4 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 175FP UT WOS:000079082900001 ER PT J AU Jhang, HG Kessel, C Pomphrey, N Jardin, SC Lee, GS Chang, CS AF Jhang, HG Kessel, C Pomphrey, N Jardin, SC Lee, GS Chang, CS TI Design calculations for fast plasma position control in Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE plasma; tokamak; coil locations ID FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; STABILITY; MODES AB We present the results of fast time scale plasma control simulations for the proposed Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) tokamak. Here, the fast plasma control includes stabilization of the vertical instability and rapid radial position control. As a simulation tool, we use the tokamak simulation code (TSC). We evaluate the power supply requirements for both the vertical and radial position control with a similar approach to that which was employed in the analysis of the tokamak physics experiments (TPX). In particular, we investigate the efficacy of control coil locations to minimize the power supply requirements. From this study, it is shown that two separate sets of control coils, one responsible for vertical control and the other responsible for radial control, are required to provide robust control of both vertical and radial position for all the anticipated plasmas in KSTAR experiments. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Basic Sci Inst, Yusung Ku, Taejon, South Korea. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Yusong Ku, Taejon, South Korea. RP Jhang, HG (reprint author), Korea Basic Sci Inst, Yusung Ku, 52 Yeoeun Dong, Taejon, South Korea. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; pomphrey, neil/G-4405-2010 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 1 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00434-7 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 175FP UT WOS:000079082900009 ER PT J AU Miley, G AF Miley, G TI Twelfth Target Fabrication Specialists' meeting - Guest editors comments SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miley, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP V EP V PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100001 ER PT J AU Duke, JR Elliott, NE Moore, JE Gomez, VM Manzanares, R Rivera, G Watt, R Varnum, WS Gobby, PL AF Duke, JR Elliott, NE Moore, JE Gomez, VM Manzanares, R Rivera, G Watt, R Varnum, WS Gobby, PL TI The fabrication of double shell targets for nova SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program ID IN-OIL EMULSIONS; FOAMS; STABILITY AB At scales appropriate to the National Ignition Facility, calculations indicate double shell capsules reach ignition conditions with room temperature fuel. Los Alamos is laying the groundwork for these double shell ignition targets with a preliminary campaign on Nova. The target design features a 260 mu m O.D. inner glass capsule with an I.D. of approximately 200 mu m, containing deuterium gas, centered inside a machined polymer shell. The central capsule was supported either with a 30 mg/cc foam or with two polymer films, each less than 0.1 mu m in thickness. The materials, machining, assembly, and characterization of the targets are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duke, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 90 EP 94 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100004 ER PT J AU Margevicius, RW Salzer, LJ Salazar, MA Foreman, LR AF Margevicius, RW Salzer, LJ Salazar, MA Foreman, LR TI Toward the fabrication of a NIF target via hemisphere joining SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program AB A design and a method for the fabrication of a NIF-sized beryllium capsule have been developed. The approach involves machining two halves of the 2.2 mm target from a piece of bulk beryllium copper alloy, joining the two halves under atmosphere, and finish machining the outer dimensions after joining. This design allows for the filling of the capsule either during joining or afterward using either permeation or a drill-and-plug technique. The capsules produced so far have had excellent bond joint quality and were dimensionally very close to the specifications. Needing improvement are the surface finishes, both interior and exterior of the shell. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Margevicius, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 106 EP 114 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100007 ER PT J AU McEachern, R Alford, C AF McEachern, R Alford, C TI Evaluation of boron-doped beryllium as an ablator for NIF target capsules SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program AB We are studying the feasibility of using boron doping to refine the grain structure of sputter-deposited Be for NIF ignition capsule ablators. The goal is to improve the surface finish and homogeneity of these coatings. Films deposited on flat silicon substrates display a pronounced change in structure at a concentration of similar to 11 at.% B. At lower levels of B, grain sizes of about 200 mm are observed. AFM images show the roughness of these films to be about 20 nm rms. At higher levels of B, the grains size drops to below 50 nm and the roughness decreases to less than 2.5 nm rms. Films deposited on capsules do not show the same behavior. In particular, at 15 at.% B, the capsule coatings have nodular structure with an rms roughness of greater than 50 nm. When viewed in cross section, however, no structure is seen with either the flat films or the capsule coatings. We believe that differences in substrate temperature may be largely responsible for the observed behavior. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McEachern, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-481, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100008 ER PT J AU Salazar, MA Hermes, R Margevicius, RW AF Salazar, MA Hermes, R Margevicius, RW TI Effects of joining and testing parameters on the adhesive strength of epoxy-bonded aluminum and beryllium SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program AB Hollow spherical targets are frequently fabricated by the joining of two adhesively bonded hemispheres. Other materials used for Intertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments, including aluminum, stainless steel, sapphire, and various plastics, are also bonded using adhesives. This paper presents the mechanical testing results cg Dexter-Hysol EA9330. The base metals were either an aluminum 6061-T6 or beryllium S200D. The uniaxial tensile (from room to liquid helium temperatures), lap shear, and creep properties of the adhesive under consideration were evaluated. We found that the highest lap shear strength was obtained when the test panel was assembled with fresh adhesive (time = 0 min.) and degraded to about 77% of that value in 120 minutes. Butt tensile strength increased from about 8 ksi (1 ksi = 1000 lbs/in(2) = 6.90 MPa) at room temperature to about 19 ksi at -269 degrees C for both the aluminum and beryllium base metals. The lap shear strength decreased from about 5 ksi at room temperature to about 3 ksi at cryogenic temperatures. Creep tests in both butt tensile and lap shear configurations demonstrated a very narrow stress level for which the time to failure decreased from over 720 hours to less than 20. Finally, we found that the surface treatment is critical to achieving the highest strength adhesive bonds. Some inconclusive but interesting test data is presented opening the way for further investigation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Salazar, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100009 ER PT J AU Salazar, MA Salzer, L Day, R AF Salazar, MA Salzer, L Day, R TI The design, fabrication and testing of beryllium capsules for resonant ultrasound experiments SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program AB Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) ignition targets require smooth and well-characterized deuterium/tritium (DT) ice layers. Los Alamos is developing Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy(1) (RUS) to measure the internal pressure in the targets at room temperature after filling with DT. RUS techniques also can detect and measure the amplitudes of low modal surface roughness perturbations of the target shell interior. The experiments required beryllium capsules with a nominal inside radius of 1 mm and a spherical outside radius of 3 mm. The capsules have various spherical harmonic contours up to mode 12 machined into their interior surfaces. The capsules are constructed from hemispheres using an epoxy adhesive(2) and then filled to similar to 270 atm with helium or deuterium gas. This paper describes the adhesive joint design, machining techniques, and interior geometry inspection techniques. It also describes the fixtures needed to assemble, fill, and pressure test the capsules. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Salazar, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 123 EP 125 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100010 ER PT J AU Asaki, TJ AF Asaki, TJ TI Ultrasonically determined fill pressure and density in closed spherical shells. SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program ID RESONATORS AB Experiments have been conducted in which the D-2 fill pressure has been determined for several closed millimeter-size aluminum and beryllium shells. The vibrational resonance frequency spectrum of the shells was used to calculate the sound velocity of the interior gas. This velocity, along with the equation-of-state, determined the gas pressure and density. The accuracy in determining the fill conditions is within 0.5% in both pressure and density for near critical density (rho greater than or similar to 9 mol/L) gas over a wide range of temperatures (190 K to 300K). Reduced accuracy was apparent at low density. An attempt was made to determine the fill density of one shell by acoustic observation of the dew point temperature. While this temperature was recorded very accurately, the uncertainty in the saturated vapor density curve near the critical point yielded inaccurate results. These methods were shown to be unaffected by small deviations in the sphericity of the gas-filled cavity. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asaki, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 126 EP 130 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100011 ER PT J AU Roberts, CC Letts, SA Saculla, MD Hsieh, EJ Cook, RC AF Roberts, CC Letts, SA Saculla, MD Hsieh, EJ Cook, RC TI Polyimide films from vapor deposition: Toward high strength, NIF capsules SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM ICE; DEPOLYMERIZABLE MANDREL; THIN-FILMS; TARGETS; POLYMERIZATION; FABRICATION AB The focus of recent efforts at LLNL has been to demonstrate that vapor deposition processing is a suitable technique to form polyimide films with sufficient strength for current National Ignition Facility target specifications. Production of polyimide films with controlled stoichiometry was acccomplished by: 1) depositing a novel co-functional monomer and 2) matching the vapor pressure of each monomer in PMDA/ODA co-depositions. The sublimation and deposition rate for the monomers was determined over a range of temperatures. Polyimide films with thicknesses up to 30 mu m were fabricated. Composition, structure and strength were assessed using FTIR, SEM and biaxial burst testing. The best films had a tensile strength of approximately 100 MPa. A qualitative relationship between the stoichiometry and tensile strength of the film was demonstrated. Thin films (similar to 3.5 mu m) were typically smooth with an rms of 1.5 nm. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Roberts, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,M-S L-474, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 138 EP 146 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100013 ER PT J AU Norimatsu, T Izawa, Y Mima, K Gresho, PM AF Norimatsu, T Izawa, Y Mima, K Gresho, PM TI Modeling of the centering force in a compound emulsion to make uniform plastic shells for laser fusion targets SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program AB In laser fusion experiment, fuel capsules with high sphericity and high wall-thickness uniformity are often fabricated by the emulsion method. To understand the process of forming the uniform wall by the emulsion method and to further improve the thickness uniformity, we formulated a model to simulate the centering process of a water globule in a compound emulsion. We newly added a thermodynamic force to the centering force in addition to previous hydrodynamic forces. Our result indicates that nonuniform emulsion turns to be uniform by repeating instantaneous deformations followed with continuous rotation around the horizontal axis. C1 Osaka Univ, ILE, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Norimatsu, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, ILE, 2-6 Yamada Oka, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RI Mima, Kunioki/H-9014-2016 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 147 EP 156 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100014 ER PT J AU Gresho, PM AF Gresho, PM TI Some aspects of the hydrodynamics of the microencapsulation route to NIF mandrels SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program ID DESIGN AB Spherical plastic shells for use as mandrels for the fabrication of ICF (Inertial Confinement Fusion) target capsules can be produced by solution-based microencapsulation techniques. The specifications for these mandrels in terms of sphericity are extremely rigorous, and it is clear that various aspects of the solution hydrodynamics associated with their production are important in controlling the quality of the final product. This paper explores what we know land need to know) about the hydrodynamics of the microencapsulation process in order to lay the foundation for process improvements as well as identify inherent limits. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gresho, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 157 EP 188 PG 32 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100015 ER PT J AU Cook, R Buckley, SR Fearon, E Letts, SA AF Cook, R Buckley, SR Fearon, E Letts, SA TI New approaches to the preparation of P alpha MS beads as mandrels for NIF-scale target capsules SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program AB We report on a new method using heated density gradient columns for preparing spherical poly(alpha-methylstyrene) (P alpha MS) bead mandrels for inertial confinement fusion spherical shell targets. Using 1,2 propane dioyglycerol mixtures, stable density gradient columns for supporting P alpha MS beads can be prepared at temperatures as high as 150 degrees C. At these temperatures plasticized commercial beads become fluid and spherical, however loss of the plasticizer and very low molecular weight components of the bead due to limited solubility in the column fluid leads to surface finish problems. We also present results on P alpha MS beads prepared in an aqueous bath batch mode. Using these techniques beads with maximum out-of-rounds less than 5 mu m have been produced. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cook, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 206 EP 211 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100020 ER PT J AU Cook, RC McEachern, RL Stephens, RB AF Cook, RC McEachern, RL Stephens, RB TI Representative surface profile power spectra from capsules used in nova and omega implosion experiments SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; DESIGN; ABLATORS; IGNITION AB Typical surface profile power spectra of capsules used in Nova and Omega implosion experiments are presented. All Nova capsules are essentially identical in size and composition; their differences reflect small shell-to-shell variations. Differences among the Omega capsule power spectra can be attributed to changes in material properties with doping and (very importantly) differences in processing experience. These capsule power spectra accurately reflect past and current production, but are only a starting point for future capabilities. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Cook, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 224 EP 228 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100024 ER PT J AU Sater, J Kozioziemski, B Collins, GW Mapoles, ER Pipes, J Burmann, J Bernat, TP AF Sater, J Kozioziemski, B Collins, GW Mapoles, ER Pipes, J Burmann, J Bernat, TP TI Cryogenic D-T fuel layers formed in 1 mm spheres by beta-layering SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program ID DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM ICE AB Solid D-T fuel smoothly layered on the interior of spherical capsules is required for all inertial confinement fusion ignition target designs. One process for forming these layers, beta-layering, has been studied in surrogate geometries such as open cylinders or tori to allow accurate characterization of the DT surfaces. We present the first results from beta layering in 1 mm spherical containers, such as will be used in upcoming Omega experiments. These results are also directly relevant to ignition capsules for the National Ignition Facility. We find that layers can form with roughness as small as 1.2 microns rms, and that results are strongly dependent upon freezing rate as well as layer thickness. C1 Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Allied Signal Inc, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sater, J (reprint author), Schafer Corp, 303 Lindbergh Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100025 ER PT J AU Sheliak, JD Hoffer, JK AF Sheliak, JD Hoffer, JK TI Surface roughness statistics and temperature step stress effects for D-T solid layers equilibrated inside a 2 mm beryllium torus SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program ID DEUTERIUM AB Solid D-T layers are equilibrated inside a 2 mm diameter beryllium toroidal cell at temperatures ranging from 19.0 K to 19.6 K, using the beta-layering process. Each experimental run consisted of multiple cycles of rapid- or slow-freezing of the initially liquid D-T charge. Each of these freeze cycles was followed by a lengthy period of beta-layering equilibration, which was terminated by melting the layer. The temperature was changed in discrete steps at the end of some equilibration cycles in an attempt to simulate actual ICF target conditions. High-precision images of the D-T solid-vapor interface were analyzed to yield the surface roughness sigma(rms) as a sum of modal contributions. Results show an average sigma(rms) of 1.3 +/- 0.3 mu m for layers equilibrated at 19.0 K and show an inverse dependence of sigma(rms) on equilibration temperature up to 19.525 K. Inducing sudden temperature perturbations <(lowered)under bar> sigma(rms) to 1.0 +/- 0.05 mu m. C1 Gen Atom Co, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sheliak, JD (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 1663,Mail Stop K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 234 EP 243 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100026 ER PT J AU Bittner, DN Collins, GW Monsler, E Letts, S AF Bittner, DN Collins, GW Monsler, E Letts, S TI Forming uniform HD layers in shells using infrared radiation SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program ID TRITIUM; FUSION AB Generating a volumetric heat source in solid deuterium hydride, HD, allows the formation of a spherical crystalline shell of HD inside a transparent plastic shell. Pumping the infra-red (IR) collisionally induced vibration-rotation band of solid HD contained inside a transparent plastic shell generates the volumetric heat source in the HD lattice. HD layers 150 - 250 mu m thick formed near the triple point have a surface roughness rms between 1-3 mu m and become rougher with decreasing temperature. Solid growth dynamics have a significant impact on the quality of the resultant layer. C1 Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bittner, DN (reprint author), Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 244 EP 249 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100027 ER PT J AU Ebey, PS Hoffer, JK AF Ebey, PS Hoffer, JK TI Stability time of a DT-filled cryogenic ICF target in a high vacuum environment SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program AB Following the successful pressure loading with DT of a thin-walled plastic inertial fusion target shell (such as those designed for use at the OMEGA facility at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics (UR/LLE)), continual care must be taken to safeguard the shell from being exposed to unacceptable pressure differentials across its wall. In particular, once the DT has been condensed into a liquid or solid phase and the outside pressure has been reduced, the target must be maintained below some upper cutoff temperature such that the vapor pressure of the DT is below the bursting pressure for the shell. Through the process of beta-decay the DT self-heats, but while the shell is in a high vacuum environment (P << 0.8 Pa (6 mtorr) for the OMEGA layering sphere) there is only a negligible heat loss mechanism. This will cause the temperature to increase. A calculation has been done to estimate the rate of temperature increase of the loaded target under high vacuum conditions. A functional form for calculating the target's temperature increase given its starting temperature is presented. An overall result is that under high vacuum conditions the DT changes from a solid at 10 K to a liquid at 37 K (T-c=39.4 K) in about 19 minutes. This "holding time" is significantly less if the initial temperature is higher, the initial state is liquid, or the upper allowed temperature is lower. Simplifying assumptions which were made and their impact on interpreting the results of this calculation are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp MST 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ebey, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp MST 10, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 250 EP 254 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100028 ER PT J AU Latkowski, JF Sanchez, JJ Pittenger, LC AF Latkowski, JF Sanchez, JJ Pittenger, LC TI Neutronics and activation analysis for the national ignition facility cryogenic target positioner SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program AB During yield operations, the materials within the National Ignition Facility (NIF) cryogenic target positioner will be exposed to high fluences of high-energy neutrons. If left unchecked, these neutrons could deposit unacceptably high amounts of energy within the cryogenic fluids. In addition, these neutrons will induce residual radioactivity within the target positioner and may lead to intolerable dose rates for maintenance personnel. Through careful design and selection of materials, however, these effects may be mitigated. The present work uses nominal design characteristics for the cryogenic target positioner to show that traditional cryogenic and structural materials will not produce an acceptable design. Further, we develop an alternate design that addresses the issues of neutron shielding and activation. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Latkowski, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-493, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100029 ER PT J AU Olson, RE Chandler, GA Derzon, MS Hebron, DE Lash, JS Leeper, RJ Nash, TJ Rochau, GE Sanford, TWL Alexander, NB Gibson, CR AF Olson, RE Chandler, GA Derzon, MS Hebron, DE Lash, JS Leeper, RJ Nash, TJ Rochau, GE Sanford, TWL Alexander, NB Gibson, CR TI Indirect-drive ICF target concepts for the X-1 Z-pinch facility SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM 98) CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING SP US DOE, Gen Atomics, W J Schafer Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab ICF Program ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; DESIGN AB We describe designs of hohlraums and capsules for both ignition (similar to 1-10 MJ) and high yield (up to similar to 200 MJ) Z-pinch driven indirect-drive ICF concepts. Two potential Z-pinch hohlraum configurations -- 1) the "static wall" or "on-axis" hohlraum; and 2) the "imploding liner" or "dynamic" hohlraum -- are considered. Both concepts involve cryogenic, DT-filled capsules (similar to 2-4 mm in diameter) with Be or CH ablators (O, F, and Cu are currently being considered as dopants). Both types of hohlraums involve a Helium and/or CH foam fill. In the static wall hohlraum concept, the ICF capsule is isolated from the x-ray generation region. Advantages in the areas of capsule drive symmetry and diagnostic access might be gained from this arrangement. In the dynamic hohlraum, the ICF capsule has a direct view of the stagnation radiation. The potential advantage would result from the higher x-ray intensity and larger total capsule absorbed energy. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Olson, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 260 EP 265 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168ZY UT WOS:000078724100030 ER PT J AU Sarti, A Gori, R Lamberti, C AF Sarti, A Gori, R Lamberti, C TI A physically based model to simulate maxillo-facial surgery from 3D CT images SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE virtual surgery; surgery planning; tissue displacement simulation AB Computer-based surgery simulation represents a rapidly emerging and increasingly important area of research that combines a number of disciplines for the common purpose of improving health care. Generally, the goal of computer-based surgery simulation is to enable a surgeon to experiment with different surgical procedures in an artificial environment. This paper describes an approach for elastic modelling of human tissue based on the use of embedded boundary condition techniques. Embedded boundary condition models allow to simulate the cranio-facial surgery directly on the grid of the 3D CT image of the patient. Previously simulated operations have been performed using surface models or by using a low detailed model of the tissue volume. The approach proposed here involves complete 3D modelling of the solid highly detailed structure of the object, starting from the information present in the 3D diagnostic images. Due to the huge amount of data and the computational complexity of the problem, a parallel version of the software has been implemented on the supercomputer GRAY T3E. The application of this approach for modelling the elastic deformation of human tissue in response to movement of bones is demonstrated both on the visible human data set of the National Library of Medicine and on the CT data set of real patients. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UC Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bologna, CINECA, Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, DEIS, Bologna, Italy. RP Sarti, A (reprint author), UC Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0167-739X(98)00065-X PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 180MT UT WOS:000079390300008 ER PT J AU Taranenko, NI Potter, NT Allman, SL Golovlev, VV Chen, CH AF Taranenko, NI Potter, NT Allman, SL Golovlev, VV Chen, CH TI Detection of trinucleotide expansion in neurodegenerative disease by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO GENETIC ANALYSIS-BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE trinucleotide expansion; time-of-flight; mass spectrometry ID PULSED ION EXTRACTION; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; DESORPTION IONIZATION; DELAYED EXTRACTION; MODIFIED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; SEQUENCING REACTIONS; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; RESOLUTION; REPEAT; PROTEINS AB Genotyping of the dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPU) locus in six patient samples, representing four normal individuals and two DRPLA patients, was successfully obtained using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). DRPLA is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder associated with the expansion of an unstable trinucleotide (CAG) repeat. The accurate determination of repeat length utilizing MALDI supports the use of this methodology for the analysis of genes containing unstable CAG trinucleotide repeats. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Dev & Genet Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Allman, Steve/A-9121-2011 OI Allman, Steve/0000-0001-6538-7048 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1050-3862 J9 GENET ANAL-BIOMOL E JI Genet. Anal.-Biomol. Eng. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S1050-3862(98)00034-5 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 172QD UT WOS:000078934600006 PM 10084125 ER PT J AU Wagner, RP AF Wagner, RP TI Rudolph Virchow and the genetic basis of somatic ecology SO GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SONIC-HEDGEHOG GENE; HUMAN CANCER; MUTATION; ADENOMAS; ORIGIN C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wagner, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 1999 VL 151 IS 3 BP 917 EP 920 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 173DN UT WOS:000078966100001 PM 10049910 ER PT J AU Sabine, CL Key, RM Johnson, KM Millero, FJ Poisson, A Sarmiento, JL Wallace, DWR Winn, CD AF Sabine, CL Key, RM Johnson, KM Millero, FJ Poisson, A Sarmiento, JL Wallace, DWR Winn, CD TI Anthropogenic CO2 inventory of the Indian Ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION MODEL; ARABIAN SEA; RED-SEA; DIOXIDE; BUDGET; WATER; AIR; DISTRIBUTIONS AB This study presents basin-wide anthropogenic CO2 inventory estimates for the Indian Ocean based on measurements from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment/Joint Global Ocean Flux Study global survey. These estimates employed slightly modified Delta C* and time series techniques originally proposed by Gruber et al. [1996] and Wallace [1995], respectively. Together, the two methods yield the total oceanic anthropogenic CO2 and the carbon increase over the past 2 decades. The highest concentrations and the deepest penetrations of anthropogenic carbon are associated with the Subtropical Convergence at around 30 degrees to 40 degrees S. With both techniques, the lowest anthropogenic CO2 column inventories are observed south of 50 degrees S. The total anthropogenic CO2 inventory north of 35 degrees S was 13.6+/-2 Pg C in 1995. The inventory increase since GEOSECS (Geochem ical Ocean Sections Program) was 4.1+/-1 Pg C for the same area. Approximately 6.7+/-1 Pg C are stored in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, giving a total Indian Ocean inventory of 20.3 +/-3 Pg C for 1995. These estimates are compared to anthropogenic CO2 inventories estimated by the Princeton ocean biogeochemistry model. The model predicts an Indian Ocean sink north of 35 degrees S that is only 0.61-0.68 times the results presented here; while the Southern Ocean sink is nearly 2.6 times higher than the measurement-based estimate. These results clearly identify areas in the models that need further examination and provide a good baseline for future studies of the anthropogenic inventory. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sabine, CL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 64 TC 155 Z9 158 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 179 EP 198 DI 10.1029/1998GB900022 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173WP UT WOS:000079003000014 ER PT J AU Hendrey, GR Ellsworth, DS Lewin, KF Nagy, J AF Hendrey, GR Ellsworth, DS Lewin, KF Nagy, J TI A free-air enrichment system for exposing tall forest vegetation to elevated atmospheric CO2 SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2 FACE; free-air CO2 enrichment; forest ecosystem; Pinus taeda; trace gas exposure technology ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; PINE PINUS-TAEDA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TEMPERATE TREES; FIELD CROPS; SHORT-TERM; FACE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH AB A free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system was designed to permit the experimental exposure of tall vegetation such as stands of forest trees to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2](a)) without enclosures that alter tree microenvironment. We describe a prototype FACE system currently in operation in forest plots in a maturing loblolly pine(Pinus taeda L.) stand in North Carolina, USA. The system uses feedback control technology to control [CO2] in a 26 m diameter forest plot that is over 10 m tall, while monitoring the 3D plot volume to characterize the whole-stand CO2 regime achieved during enrichment. in the second summer season of operation of the FACE system, atmospheric CO2 enrichment was conducted in the forest during all daylight hours for 96.7% of the scheduled running time from 23 May to 14 October with a preset target [CO2] of 550 mu mol mol(-1), approximate to 200 mu mol mol(-1) above ambient [CO2]. The system provided spatial and temporal control of [CO2] similar to that reported for open-top chambers over trees, but without enclosing the vegetation. The daily average daytime [CO2] within the upper forest canopy at the centre of the FACE plot was 552 +/- 9 mu mol mol-l (mean +/- SD). The FACE system maintained I-minute average [CO2] to within +/- 110 mu mol mol(-1) of the target [CO2] for 92% of the operating time. Deviations of [CO2] outside of this range were short-lived (most lasting < 60 s) and rare, with fewer than 4 excursion events of a minute or longer per day. Acceptable spatial control of [CO2] by the system was achieved,,with over 90% of the entire canopy volume within +/- 10% of the target [CO2] over the exposure season. CO2 consumption by the FACE system was much higher than for open-top chambers on an absolute basis, but similar to that of open-top chambers and branch bag chambers on a per unit volume basis. CO2 consumption by the FACE system was strongly related to windspeed, averaging 50 g CO2 m(-3) h(-1) for thestand for an average windspeed of 1.5 m s(-1) during summer. The [CO2] control results show that the free-air approach is a tractable way to study long-term and short-term alterations in trace gases, even within entire tall forest ecosystems. The FACE approach permits the study of a wide range of forest stand and ecosystem processes under manipulated [CO2](a) that were previously impossible or intractable to study in true forest ecosystems. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Environm Biol & Instrumentat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hendrey, GR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Environm Biol & Instrumentat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272 NR 49 TC 288 Z9 295 U1 5 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 293 EP 309 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00228.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 177VD UT WOS:000079231000005 ER PT J AU Peterson, AG Ball, JT Luo, YQ Field, CB Reich, PB Curtis, PS Griffin, KL Gunderson, CA Norby, RJ Tissue, DT Forstreuter, M Rey, A Vogel, CS AF Peterson, AG Ball, JT Luo, YQ Field, CB Reich, PB Curtis, PS Griffin, KL Gunderson, CA Norby, RJ Tissue, DT Forstreuter, M Rey, A Vogel, CS CA CMEAL Participants TI The photosynthesis leaf nitrogen relationship at ambient and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide: a meta-analysis SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; leaf nitrogen; meta-analysis; photosynthesis ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; LIFE-SPAN; CO2; MODEL; FIELD; GROWTH; LEAVES AB Estimation of leaf photosynthetic rate (A) from leaf nitrogen content (N) is both conceptually and numerically important in models of plant, ecosystem, and biosphere responses to global change. The relationship between A and N has been studied extensively at ambient CO2 but much less at elevated CO2. This study was designed to (i) assess whether the A-N relationship was more similar for species within than between community and vegetation types, and (ii) examine how growth at elevated CO2 affects the A-N relationship. Data were obtained for 39 C3 species grown at ambient CO2 and 10 C3 species grown at ambient and elevated CO2. A regression model was applied to each species as well as to species pooled within different community and vegetation types. Cluster analysis of the regression coefficients indicated that species measured at ambient CO2 did not separate into distinct groups matching community or vegetation type. Instead, most community and vegetation types shared the same general parameter space for regression coefficients. Growth at elevated CO2 increased photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency for pines and deciduous trees. When species were pooled by vegetation type, the A-N relationship for deciduous trees expressed on a leaf-mass basis was not altered by elevated CO2, while the intercept increased for pines. When regression coefficients were averaged to give mean responses for different vegetation types, elevated CO2 increased the intercept and the slope for deciduous trees but increased only the intercept for pines. There were no statistical differences between the pines and deciduous trees for the effect of CO2. Generalizations about the effect of elevated CO2 on the A-N relationship, and differences between pines and deciduous trees will be enhanced as more data become available. C1 Desert Res Inst, Ctr Biol Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Tec Univ Berlin, Inst Ecol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Edinburgh, IERM, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, Pellston, MI 49769 USA. RP Peterson, AG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Ctr Biol Sci, POB 60220, Reno, NV 89506 USA. EM peterson@maxey.dri.edu RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Griffin, Kevin/B-2629-2013; Rey, Ana/F-5791-2016; Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016; Tissue, David/H-6596-2015 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Griffin, Kevin/0000-0003-4124-3757; Rey, Ana/0000-0003-0394-101X; Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Tissue, David/0000-0002-8497-2047 NR 46 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 7 U2 57 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 331 EP 346 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00234.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 177VD UT WOS:000079231000007 ER PT J AU McNab, W Dooher, B AF McNab, W Dooher, B TI "Uncertainty analyses of fuel hydrocarbon biodegradation signatures in ground water and probabilistic modeling," by Walt McNab Jr. and Brendan Dooher, July-August 1998 issue, v, 36, no. 4 : 691-698. Reply SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McNab, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, POB 808 L-530, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 167 EP 168 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 175FV UT WOS:000079083500010 ER PT J AU Beck, MW AF Beck, MW TI What makes a leader? SO HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beck, MW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI BOSTON PA 60 HARVARD WAY, BOSTON, MA 02163 USA SN 0017-8012 J9 HARVARD BUS REV JI Harv. Bus. Rev. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 77 IS 2 BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 171FG UT WOS:000078851500018 ER PT J AU Espenan, GD Nelson, JA Fisher, DR Diaco, DS McCarthy, KE Anthony, LB Maloney, TJ Woltering, EA AF Espenan, GD Nelson, JA Fisher, DR Diaco, DS McCarthy, KE Anthony, LB Maloney, TJ Woltering, EA TI Experiences with high dose radiopeptide therapy: The health physics perspective SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE medical radiation; cancer; radiation therapy; nuclear medicine ID SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTORS; HIGH-DENSITY; ANALOG; TUMORS; SCINTIGRAPHY AB One of the new, promising areas of nuclear medicine involves radiolabeled low-molecular-weight peptides for the diagnosis and management of cancer. Somatostatin analogous peptides bind to membrane receptors on tumors with high specificity. These analogues, when radiolabeled with I-123, I-131, Tc-99m, or In-111, allow for external scintigraphic imaging or radioguided surgical resection of tumors. Somatostatin analogues with high tumor binding affinity have also been used for high-dose radiotherapy at the Medical Center of Louisiana since 1994, Although we had extensive prior experience with relatively high-dose I-131 administration for thyroid ablation, our personnel protection, contamination control, and other safety techniques required significant modification to ensure effective contamination and radiation exposure control. As therapy with radiolabeled peptides becomes more widely utilized, the controls developed at our institution may be implemented by others to maintain exposures ALARA. C1 Med Ctr Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Iso Tex Diagnost, Friendswood, TX 77546 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 76 IS 3 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1097/00004032-199903000-00001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 166BQ UT WOS:000078556700001 PM 10025645 ER PT J AU Peters, EL Newman, MC AF Peters, EL Newman, MC TI Cs-137 elimination by chronically-contaminated largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; biokinetics; dose; absorbed; environmental impact ID BROWN TROUT; RADIOCESIUM; TRUTTA; RESERVOIR; TURNOVER; ANIMALS; SCRIPTA; CESIUM; FOOD; FISH AB The temperature-dependent Cs-137 biological half-times (T-b) of lifetime-exposed largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from a nuclear cooling reservoir at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site were calculated from whole-body measurements of live fish and compared with literature records for acutely and chronically-contaminated fish. The T-b's of the bass averaged 322 d (95% CI: 311-333 d), 225 d (95% CI: 220 to 230 d), and 140 d (95 % CI: 137 to 143 d) at 15, 20, and 26 degrees C, respectively. These mean T-b's were 1.7 to 2.5 times longer than would be expected for acutely contaminated fish, and 1.2 to 1.8 times longer than those predicted for fish at steady-state with their environment according to recent models, This slower elimination did not appear to result from slower elimination from skeletal muscle compared with other soft tissues, in that the muscle to whole-body Cs-137 concentration ratios after the elimination period were similar to those of freshly-caught bass. Our results suggested that elimination rates estimated from the terminal elimination components of acutely-dosed fish may not reflect the elimination rates of fish exposed to contaminants throughout their lifetime, even when care is taken to allow sufficient time for absorption of the dose. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Chicago State Univ, Chicago, IL 60628 USA. Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 76 IS 3 BP 260 EP 268 DI 10.1097/00004032-199903000-00007 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 166BQ UT WOS:000078556700007 PM 10025651 ER PT J AU Ji, YG Walkowicz, MJ Buiting, K Johnson, DK Tarvin, RE Rinchik, EM Horsthemke, B Stubbs, L Nicholls, RD AF Ji, YG Walkowicz, MJ Buiting, K Johnson, DK Tarvin, RE Rinchik, EM Horsthemke, B Stubbs, L Nicholls, RD TI The ancestral gene for transcribed, low-copy repeats in the Prader-Willi/Angelman region encodes a large protein implicated in protein trafficking, which is deficient in mice with neuromuscular and spermiogenic abnormalities SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DILUTION P LOCUS; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; WILLI-SYNDROME; RAB PROTEINS; CELL-CYCLE; MOUSE; DELETION; MECHANISM AB Transcribed, low-copy repeat elements are associated with the breakpoint regions of common deletions in Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. We report here the identification of the ancestral gene (HERC2) and a family of duplicated, truncated copies that comprise these low-copy repeats, This gene encodes a highly conserved giant protein, HERC2, that is distantly related to p532 (HERC1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) implicated in vesicular trafficking, The mouse genome contains a single Herc2 locus, located in the jdf2 (juvenile development and fertility-2) interval of chromosome 7C, We have identified single nucleotide splice junction mutations in Herc2 in three independent Nethyl-N-nitvosourea-induced jdf2 mutant alleles, each leading to exon skipping with premature termination of translation and/or deletion of conserved amino acids. Therefore, mutations in Herc2 lead to the neuromuscular secretory vesicle and sperm acrosome defects, other developmental abnormalities and juvenile lethality of jdf2 mice. Combined, these findings suggest that HERC2 is an important gene encoding a GEF involved in protein trafficking and degradation pathways in the cell. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Ctr Human Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Essen Gesamthsch Klinikum, Inst Humangenet, D-45122 Essen, Germany. RP Nicholls, RD (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00370] NR 49 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 3 BP 533 EP 542 DI 10.1093/hmg/8.3.533 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 173VH UT WOS:000079000100017 PM 9949213 ER PT J AU Maurice, D Hawk, JA AF Maurice, D Hawk, JA TI Simultaneous autogenous milling and ferric chloride leaching of chalcopyrite SO HYDROMETALLURGY LA English DT Article DE chalcopyrite; autogenous milling; leaching AB Mechanical activation by autogenous milling has previously been shown to improve leaching kinetics. In this study autogenous milling was conducted simultaneously with ferric chloride leaching. A sequence of products was observed, with chalcopyrite beings replaced by synthetic nantokite (CuCl) and the nantokite being more gradually replaced by synthetic eriochalcite (CuCl2 . 2H(2)O). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Maurice, D (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-386X J9 HYDROMETALLURGY JI Hydrometallurgy PD MAR PY 1999 VL 51 IS 3 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1016/S0304-386X(98)00088-7 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 184NZ UT WOS:000079619400009 ER PT J AU Bond, SW Vendier, O Lee, M Jung, S Vrazel, M Lopez-Lagunas, A Chai, S Dagnall, G Brooke, M Jokerst, NM Wills, DS Brown, A AF Bond, SW Vendier, O Lee, M Jung, S Vrazel, M Lopez-Lagunas, A Chai, S Dagnall, G Brooke, M Jokerst, NM Wills, DS Brown, A TI A three-layer 3-D silicon system using through-Si vertical optical interconnections and SiCMOS hybrid building blocks SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE optical interconnect; 3-D integration ID SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL PHOTODETECTORS; COMMUNICATION; DETECTORS; PERFORMANCE; EMITTERS; RECEIVER; BOARD AB We present for the first time a three-dimensional (3-D) Si CMOS interconnection system consisting of three layers of optically interconnected hybrid integrated Si CMOS transceivers, The transceivers were fabricated using 0.8-mu m digital Si CMOS foundry circuits and were integrated with long wavelength InP-based emitters and detectors for through-Si vertical optical interconnections. The optical transmitter operated with a digital input and optical output with operation speeds up to 155 Mb/s, The optical receiver operated with an external optical input and a digital output up to 155 Mb/s. The transceivers were stacked to form 3-D through-Si vertical optical interconnections and a fabricated three-layer stack demonstrated optical interconnections between the three layers with operational speed of I Mb/s and bit-error rate of 10(-9). C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Packaging Res Ctr, Ctr Microelect Res, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Bond, SW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 5 IS 2 BP 276 EP 286 DI 10.1109/2944.778306 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 225BK UT WOS:000081935900017 ER PT J AU Mosher, JC Leahy, RM Lewis, PS AF Mosher, JC Leahy, RM Lewis, PS TI EEG and MEG: Forward solutions for inverse methods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE boundary element method (BEM); electroencephalogram (EEG); forward model; head modeling; realistic head model; spherical head model ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; LINEAR DISCRETIZATION; SURFACE-POTENTIALS; REALISTIC TORSO; HEAD MODELS; DIPOLE; LOCALIZATION; COMPUTATION; ACCURACY; SPHERES AB A solution of the forward problem is an important component of any method for computing the spatio-temporal activity of the neural sources of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) data. The forward problem involves computing the scalp potentials or external magnetic field at a finite set of sensor locations for a putative source configuration. We present a unified treatment of analytical and numerical solutions of the forward problem in a form suitable for use in inverse methods, This formulation is achieved through factorization of the lead field into the product of the moment of the elemental current dipole source with a "kernel matrix" that depends on the head geometry and source and sensor locations, and a "sensor matrix" that models sensor orientation and gradiometer effects in MEG and differential measurements in EEG, Using this formulation and a recently developed approximation formula for EEG, based on the "Berg parameters," we present novel reformulations of the basic EEG and MEG kernels that dispel the myth that EEG is inherently more complicated to calculate than MEG. We also present novel investigations of different boundary element methods (BEM's) and present evidence that improvements over currently published BEM methods can be realized using alternative error-weighting methods. Explicit expressions for the matrix kernels for MEG and EEG for spherical and realistic head geometries are included. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ So Calif, Inst Signal & Image Proc, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Leahy, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM leahy@sipi.usc.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01-MH53213] NR 52 TC 363 Z9 379 U1 2 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 46 IS 3 BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1109/10.748978 PG 15 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 173ZW UT WOS:000079010500001 PM 10097460 ER PT J AU Ashikhmin, A Barg, A AF Ashikhmin, A Barg, A TI Binomial moments of the distance distribution: Bounds and applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY AUG 16-21, 1998 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP IEEE, Informat Theory Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, USN, Off Naval Res, AT & T, Motorola, Qualcomm, Lucent Technol, Bell Lab Innovat HO MIT DE binomial moments; distance distribution; extremal codes; linear programming; Rodemich theorem; undetected error ID ERROR-PROBABILITY; UNDETECTED ERROR; CODES AB We study a combinatorial invariant of codes which counts the number of ordered pairs of codewords in all subcodes of restricted support in a code. This invariant can be expressed as a linear form of the components of the distance distribution of the code with binomial numbers as coefficients. For this reason we call it a binomial moment of the distance distribution. Binomial moments appear in the proof of the MacWilliams identities and in many other problems of combinatorial coding theory. We introduce a linear programming problem for bounding these linear forms from below. It turns out that some known codes (1-error-correcting perfect codes, Golay codes, Nordstrom-Robinson code, etc.) yield optimal solutions of this problem, i.e., have minimal possible binomial moments of the distance distribution. We derive several general feasible solutions of this problem, which give lower bounds on the binomial moments of codes with given parameters, and derive the corresponding asymptotic bounds. Applications of these bounds include new lower bounds on the probability of undetected error for binary codes used over the binary-symmetric channel with crossover probability p and optimality of many codes for error detection. Asymptotic analysis of the bounds enables us to extend the range of code rates in which the upper bound on the undetected error exponent is tight. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp CIC3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Ashikhmin, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp CIC3, Mail Stop P990, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD MAR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 2 BP 438 EP 452 DI 10.1109/18.748994 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 173GJ UT WOS:000078972500004 ER PT J AU Bhatia, CS Fong, W Chen, CY Wei, JJ Bogy, DB Anders, S Stammler, T Stohr, J AF Bhatia, CS Fong, W Chen, CY Wei, JJ Bogy, DB Anders, S Stammler, T Stohr, J TI Tribo-chemistry at the head/disk interface SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference (APMRC 98) CY JUL 29-31, 1998 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE DE cathodic-arc carbon; head/disk interface; NEXAFS; tribo-chemical studies; X-PEEM; ZDOL decomposition ID FILMS; DEPOSITION; SLIDERS; FILTER; VACUUM; DISKS; WEAR AB Tribo-chemical studies at the head/disk interface (HDI) mere conducted on hydrogenated (CHx), nitrogenated (CNx), and cathodic-arc amorphous hard carbon disk samples coated with perfluoropolyether ZDOL and X1P/ZDOL lubricant, The studies involved drag tests with uncoated and carbon-coated Al2O3-TiC sliders and thermal desorption experiments in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) tribochamber followed with a surface chemistry analysis by X-ray Photo Emission Electron Microscopy (X-PEEM) and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The friction and catalytic decomposition mechanisms of ZDOL are described, as well as the tribe-chemical performance of cathodic-arc carbon overcoats coated with ZDOL, and data demonstrating the chemical alteration of the lubricant and carbon overcoat are also presented. C1 IBM Corp, SSD, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Comp Mech Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, Div Res, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Bhatia, CS (reprint author), IBM Corp, SSD, 5600 Cottle Rd, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. EM bhatias@us.ibm.com; wfong@cml.me.berkeley.edu; SAnders@lbl.gov RI Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 910 EP 915 DI 10.1109/20.753807 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 174EW UT WOS:000079022000052 ER PT J AU Hielscher, AH Klose, AD Hanson, KM AF Hielscher, AH Klose, AD Hanson, KM TI Gradient-based iterative image reconstruction scheme for time-resolved optical tomography SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE infrared imaging; optical tomography; time-resolved imaging; tomographic reconstruction; turbid media ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MEASUREMENT DENSITY-FUNCTIONS; HEMORRHAGE PREVENTION TRIAL; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN DATA; PHOTON MIGRATION; CEREBRAL OXYGENATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TURBID MEDIA; LIGHT AB Currently available tomographic image reconstruction schemes for optical tomography (OT) are mostly based on the limiting assumptions of small perturbations and a priori knowledge of the optical properties of a reference medium. Furthermore, these algorithms usually require the inversion of large, full, ill-conditioned Jacobian matrixes. in this work a gradient-based iterative image reconstruction (GIIR) method is presented that promises to overcome current limitations. The code consists of three major parts: 1) A finite-difference, time-resolved, diffusion forward model is used to predict detector readings based on the spatial distribution of optical properties; 2) An objective function that describes the difference between predicted and measured data; 3) An updating method that uses the gradient of the objective function in a line minimization scheme to provide subsequent guesses of the spatial distribution of the optical properties for the forward model. The reconstruction of these properties is completed, once a minimum of this objective function is found. After a presentation of the mathematical background, two- and three-dimensional reconstruction of simple heterogeneous media as well as the clinically relevant example of ventricular bleeding in the brain are discussed. Numerical studies suggest that intraventricular hemorrhages can be detected using the GIIR technique, even in the presence of a heterogeneous background. C1 SUNY Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hielscher, AH (reprint author), SUNY Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Box 25,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. NR 86 TC 178 Z9 181 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD MAR PY 1999 VL 18 IS 3 BP 262 EP 271 DI 10.1109/42.764902 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 199PP UT WOS:000080491100008 PM 10363704 ER PT J AU Co, MS Landolfi, NF Nagy, JO Tan, JH Vexler, V Vasquez, M Roark, L Yuan, S Hinton, PR Melrose, J Klingbeil, C Queen, C Berg, EL AF Co, MS Landolfi, NF Nagy, JO Tan, JH Vexler, V Vasquez, M Roark, L Yuan, S Hinton, PR Melrose, J Klingbeil, C Queen, C Berg, EL TI Properties and pharmacokinetics of two humanized antibodies specific for L-selectin SO IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adhesion; antibodies; humanization; pharmacokinetics; L-selectin ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; P-SELECTIN; REPERFUSION INJURY; ADHESION; LIGANDS; ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGENICITY; PROTECTS; RECEPTOR; MOLECULE AB Background: The participation of L-selectin in leukocyte recruitment during inflammation has suggested the use of L-selectin inhibitors as potential anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Blocking monoclonal antibodies could serve as such therapeutic agents, particularly if humanized to reduce their immunogenicity and improve their serum half-life. Objectives: For this purpose, two mouse monoclonal antibodies, DREG-55 and DREG-200, that block human L-selectin were humanized and characterized. Study design: The resulting humanized antibodies, HuDREG-55 and HuDREG-200, constructed with human IgG4 constant regions, were evaluated for their specificity, affinity and ability to block L-selectin-dependent adhesion in in vitro assays. Their pharmacokinetic behavior in rhesus monkeys was also studied. Results: HuDREG-55 and HuDREG-200 were found to retain the specificity and affinity, within 2-fold, of the parent murine antibodies. HuDREG-55 and HuDREG-200 block L-selectin-dependent adhesion of human lymphocytes to high endothelial venules in frozen sections of lymph nodes. In addition, HuDREG-55 and HuDREG-200 are inhibitory in a novel L-selectin-dependent adhesion assay. This assay utilizes flow cytometry to measure binding of polymerized liposomes containing an analog of sialyl Lewis X, sialyl Lewis X glycoliposomes, to peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes, Studying the pharmacokinetics of HuDREG-55 and HuDREC-200 in rhesus monkeys showed terminal elimination half-lives at 12.0 and 20.3 days, respectively. Conclusion: The shorter terminal elimination half-life of HuDREG-55 in rhesus monkeys may be due to the ability of HuDREG-55 but not HuDREG-200 to bind rhesus monkey L-selectin. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Prot Design Labs Inc, Fremont, CA 94555 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Berg, Ellen/D-9076-2014 OI Berg, Ellen/0000-0001-5149-6665 NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-2933 J9 IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY JI Immunotechnology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 4 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S1380-2933(98)00024-4 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 184ZC UT WOS:000079642800009 PM 10231094 ER PT J AU Allan, BA Westerberg, AW AF Allan, BA Westerberg, AW TI Anonymous class in declarative process modeling SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LANGUAGE; ASCEND; SYSTEM AB Object-oriented, equation-based process modeling systems can be very helpful in producing small, novel mathematical models, i.e., models involving a few tens to few hundreds of equations. These systems have so far not been shown to improve the speed of creating large, novel process models involving several tens of thousands of equations, models that must be based on the application and modification of existing models obtained from other authors. Instantiation times and memory usage become bottlenecks when a researcher or process designer is frequently reconstructing a large model or when an automatic synthesis program is constructing many hundreds to thousands of alternative process models. We report graph analysis algorithms which reduce instantiation times from minutes to seconds by taking into account the rich hierarchical semantics of user-written object definitions. We report algorithms that reduce overall computer simulation memory requirements by more than half and that also make practical compilation of instantiated equations to loop-free, binary form. Our discovery of the anonymous class of partially instantiated objects allows these reductions in CPU time and core memory usage. Preliminary results indicate that interactive, interpreted modeling systems may soon be as fast as less flexible batch systems which rely on very large libraries of precompiled binary modules. A simple application of the computed anonymous class information allows us to represent a model of more than 100 000 equations with a few automatically generated C functions. This demonstrates the general idea that many symbolic computations, such as C code generation and compilation, may be made much more tractable for very large systems of equations. The experiments have been conducted in the ASCEND IV (free, documented software available for Microsoft and UNIM systems via http://www.cs.cmu.edu/similar to ascend) system. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Complex Engn Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Allan, BA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3 BP 692 EP 704 DI 10.1021/ie980297y PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 173BK UT WOS:000078960900014 ER PT J AU Elliott, DC Neuenschwander, GG Phelps, MR Hart, TR Zacher, AH Silva, LJ AF Elliott, DC Neuenschwander, GG Phelps, MR Hart, TR Zacher, AH Silva, LJ TI Chemical processing in high-pressure aqueous environments. 6. Demonstration of catalytic gasification for chemical manufacturing wastewater cleanup in industrial plants SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ORGANICS DESTRUCTION AB Catalytic gasification of organics has been demonstrated at the engineering development scale as an option for chemical manufacturing wastewater cleanup. A high-pressure (about 20 MPa) and high-temperature (about 350 degrees C) liquid water processing environment was used to treat wastewaters at two industrial sites. Organic byproducts from chemical manufacturing were converted primarily to methane and carbon dioxide in the presence of a fixed bed of nickel/ ruthenium catalyst. Test results with chemical manufacturing wastewater streams showed that this process could be effectively used with the appropriate catalyst to clean up wastewater and recover waste organics as useful fuel gas. Preliminary process economics were determined. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Elliott, DC (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Hart, Todd/0000-0001-8013-0689 NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3 BP 879 EP 883 DI 10.1021/ie980525o PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 173BK UT WOS:000078960900035 ER PT J AU Buechler, KJ Noble, RD Koval, CA Jacoby, WA AF Buechler, KJ Noble, RD Koval, CA Jacoby, WA TI Investigation of the effects of controlled periodic illumination on the oxidation of gaseous trichloroethylene using a thin film of TiO2 SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PHOTOEFFICIENCY; KINETICS AB Enhancement of gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation by controlled periodic illumination (CPI) was investigated. The oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) was studied in a versatile reactor designed to provide periodic illumination of the TiO2 films. The reactor was operated in two different geometric configurations, tubular and annular. Multiple flow regimes were investigated: kinetic- and diffusion-limited. No enhancement on the rate or the selectivity of TCE oxidation was observed at any of the CPI conditions investigated in the kinetically limited flow regime. The ratio of TCE oxidized to dichloroacetyl chloride (DCAC) produced was 0.59 at all light and dark times investigated for kinetically limited operation. In diffusion-limited regimes, CPI increased the rate of oxidation and decreased the relative amount of DCAC in the product stream. In the kinetic-limited regimes the apparent quantum yield was constant at around 150%; however, in the diffusion-limited regimes the apparent quantum yield almost doubled with CPI. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Biochem & Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Noble, RD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3 BP 892 EP 896 DI 10.1021/ie9804374 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 173BK UT WOS:000078960900037 ER PT J AU Bazilevskii, AV White, S Kistenev, EP Kochetkov, VI Semenov, VK AF Bazilevskii, AV White, S Kistenev, EP Kochetkov, VI Semenov, VK TI Electron hadron separation in the electromagnetic calorimeter of the PHENIX setup SO INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB The efficiency of e(gamma)/pi rejection in the electromagnetic calorimeter of the PHENIX setup was measured using various discrimination methods in the 0.5-4-GeV/c momentum range and for 0 degrees-20 degrees angles of incidence. C1 Protvino High Energy Phys Inst, Protvino 142284, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bazilevskii, AV (reprint author), Protvino High Energy Phys Inst, Protvino 142284, Moscow Oblast, Russia. RI Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA CONSULTANTS BUREAU, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-4412 J9 INSTRUM EXP TECH+ JI Instrum. Exp. Tech. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 167 EP 173 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 194KU UT WOS:000080193000002 ER PT J AU Marinov, NM AF Marinov, NM TI A detailed chemical kinetic model for high temperature ethanol oxidation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID PULSE SHOCK-TUBE; COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY; DATA-BASE; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; METHANOL; MOLECULES; PYROLYSIS; IGNITION AB A detailed chemical kinetic model for ethanol oxidation has been developed and validated against a variety of experimental data sets. Laminar name speed data (obtained from a constant volume bomb and counterflow twin-flame). ignition delay data behind a reflected shock wave, and ethanol oxidation product profiles from a jet-stirred and turbulent flow reactor were used in this computational study. Good agreement was found in modeling of the data sets obtained from the Eve different experimental systems. The computational results show that high temperature ethanol oxidation exhibits strong sensitivity to the fall-off kinetics of ethanol decomposition, branching ratio selection for C2H5OH + OH <-> Products, and reactions involving the hydroperoxyl (HO2) radical. The multichanneled ethanol decomposition process is analyzed by RRKM/Master Equation theory, and the results are compared with those obtained from earlier studies. The ten-parameter Tree form is used to define the C2H5OH(+M) <-> CH3 + CH2OH(+M) rate expression as k(infinity) = 5.94E23 T-1.68 exp(-45880 K/T) (s(-1)) k(o) = 2.88E85 T-18.9 exp(-55317 K/T) (cm(3)/mol/sec) F-cent = 0.5 exp(-T/890 K) + 0.5 exp(-T/890 K) + exp(-4600 K/T) and the C2H5OH(+M) <-> C2H4 + H2O(+M) rate expression as k(infinity) = 2.79E13 T-0 09 exp(-33284 K/T) (s(-1)) k(0) = 2.57E83 T-18.85 exp(-43509 K/T) (cm(3)/mol/sec) F-cent = 0.3 exp(-T/350 K) + 0.7 exp(- T/800 K) + exp(-3800 K/T) with an applied energy transfer per collision value of = 500 cm(-1) An empirical branching ratio estimation procedure is presented which determines the temperature dependent branching ratios of the three distinct sites of hydrogen abstraction from ethanol. The calculated branching ratios for C2H5OH + OH, C2H5OH + O, C2H5OH + H, and C2H5OH + CH3 are compared to experimental data. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Marinov, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 87 TC 339 Z9 357 U1 11 U2 120 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 183 EP 220 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1999)31:3<183::AID-KIN3>3.0.CO;2-X PG 38 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 169WH UT WOS:000078771800003 ER PT J AU Wurtz, E Nataf, JM Winkelmann, F AF Wurtz, E Nataf, JM Winkelmann, F TI Two- and three-dimensional natural and mixed convection simulation using modular zonal models in buildings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID CAVITY AB We demonstrate the use of the zonal model approach, which is a simplified method for calculating natural and mixed convection in rooms. Zonal models use a coarse grid and use balance equations, state equations, hydrostatic pressure drop equations and power law equations of the form in = C Delta P-n. The advantages of the zonal approach and its modular implementation are discussed. The zonal model resolution of nonlinear equation systems is demonstrated for three cases: a 2-D room, a 3-D room and a pair of 3-D rooms separated by a partition with an opening. A sensitivity analysis with respect to physical parameters and grid coarseness is presented. Results are compared to computational fluid dynamics (CPD) calculations and experimental data. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ La Rochelle, LEPTAB, F-17000 La Rochelle, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wurtz, E (reprint author), Univ La Rochelle, LEPTAB, F-17000 La Rochelle, France. NR 47 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 5 BP 923 EP 940 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(98)00221-X PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 152XK UT WOS:000077802300011 ER PT J AU Aro, CJ Rodrigue, GH Rotman, DA AF Aro, CJ Rodrigue, GH Rotman, DA TI A high performance chemical kinetics algorithm for 3-D atmospheric models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STIFF ODES; CONVERGENCE; ITERATION; SCHEME AB Atmospheric chemistry transport (CT) models are vital in performing research on atmospheric chemical change. Even with the enormous computing capability delivered by massively parallel systems, many extended three-dimensional global Ci simulations are not computationally feasible. The major obstacle in an atmospheric CT model is the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) system describing the chemical kinetics in the model. These ODE systems are usually stiff and can account for a significant portion of the total CPU time required to run the model. In this report, we describe a simple explicit algorithm useful in treating chemical ODE systems. This algorithm is one of a growing number of preconditioned time-stepping procedures based on dynamic iteration. In this study, the algorithm is compared with an established, general-purpose implementation of the common backward differentiation formulas. It is shown to be a viable choice for the chemical kinetics in a full 3-D atmospheric CT model across architectural platforms and with no special implementation. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Sci Comp Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Global Climate Res Div, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Aro, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Sci Comp Applicat, POB 808,L-50, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1177/109434209901300101 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 160VL UT WOS:000078252100001 ER PT J AU Ashby, SF Bosl, WJ Falgout, RD Smith, SG Tompson, AFB Williams, TJ AF Ashby, SF Bosl, WJ Falgout, RD Smith, SG Tompson, AFB Williams, TJ TI A numerical simulation of groundwater flow and contaminant transport on the CRAY T3D and C90 supercomputers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA AB Numerical simulations of groundwater flow and chemical transport through three-dimensional heterogeneous porous media are described. The authors employ two GRAY supercomputers for different parts of the decoupled calculation: the flow field is computed on the T3D massively parallel computer, and the contaminant migration is simulated on the C90 vector supercomputer. The authors compare simulation results for subsurface models based on homogeneous and heterogeneous conceptual models and find that the heterogeneities have a profound impact on the character of contaminant migration. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ashby, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 80 EP 93 DI 10.1177/109434209901300105 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 160VL UT WOS:000078252100006 ER PT J AU Goeringer, DE Asano, KG McLuckey, SA AF Goeringer, DE Asano, KG McLuckey, SA TI Ion internal temperature and ion trap collisional activation: protonated leucine enkephalin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE quadrupole ion trap; ion activation; collisional activation; ion internal temperature ID INFRARED RADIATIVE DISSOCIATION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SMALL CLUSTER IONS; RESONANCE EXCITATION; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION; MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOTON DISSOCIATION; N-BUTYLBENZENE AB Protonated leucine enkephalin has been used as a prototypical high-mass ion to yield a quantitative estimate of the relationship between the amplitude of the resonance excitation voltage used in an ion trap collisional activation experiment, and the internal temperature to which an ion can be elevated over the bath gas temperature. The approach involves the measurement of the ion dissociation rate as a function of resonance excitation voltage, and the correlation of dissociation rate with ion internal temperature. The relatively high ion trap dissociation rates observed under typical resonance excitation conditions preclude the direct application of the Arrhenius equation to derive internal temperatures. An empirical determination of the relationship between ion internal temperature and dissociation rate over the rate range of interest here was made via the systematic variation of bath gas temperature. The data suggest a very nearly linear relationship between ion internal temperature and resonance excitation voltage, at least under conditions in which ion ejection is minimal. It is shown that protonated leucine enkephalin ions can be elevated by about 357 K over the bath gas temperature using a monopolar resonance excitation voltage of 540 mV p - p(q(z) = 0.163) without significant ion ejection. It is also demonstrated that ion internal temperature can be readily increased by increasing the bath gas temperature, by accelerating the ions in the presence of a room temperature bath gas (i.e. conventional ion trap collisional activation), or by a combination of the two approaches. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McLuckey, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcluckeysa@oml.gov RI McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009; Asano, Keiji/L-3164-2016 OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570; Asano, Keiji/0000-0003-2254-3586 NR 57 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 182 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14233-1 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 171QJ UT WOS:000078874700028 ER PT J AU Hettich, R Lahamer, A Zhou, L Compton, R AF Hettich, R Lahamer, A Zhou, L Compton, R TI Investigation of the fragmentation and oxygen reactivity of endohedral metallofullerenes M@C-60 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE FTICR; metallofullerenes; fragmentation; oxygen reactivity ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SPHEROIDAL CARBON SHELLS; GAS-PHASE ION; FULLERENES; COMPLEXES; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; LASER; C-60; DISSOCIATION; CATIONS AB The stability, fragmentation, and chemical reactivity of endohedral metallofullerenes M@C-60 (M = Ca, Sr, La, and Gd) were examined with laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy. A laser ablation/sublimation procedure was used to generate and purify M@C-60 samples, which were then characterized by both time-of-flight and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometries. Collisional dissociation of the ionized endohedral fullerenes listed above revealed multiple C-2 loss (either as sequential C-2 loss or larger C-2n eliminations) to generate similar terminal fragmentation products (i.e. MC44,46), which might be predicted due to the similar ionic radii of the encapsulated metals. The reactivity of the endohedral compounds with oxygenated compounds was found to be dependent on the charge state of the metallofullerene. Singly charged cations of the metallofullerenes (M@C-n(+)) were completely unreactive in the gas phase with oxygenated compounds such as ethylene oxide; however, the corresponding neutral species appear to react readily with oxygenated species. This point was demonstrated in that exposure of solid phase M@C-60 to ambient conditions (laboratory air at room temperature) leads to the ultimate destruction of the metallofullerenes concomitant with the formation of metal oxides and carbonates. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Berea Coll, Dept Phys, Berea, KY 40404 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hettich, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 182 BP 335 EP 348 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14242-2 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 171QJ UT WOS:000078874700033 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX AF Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX TI Flow and heat transfer due to natural convection in granular materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE heat transfer; natural convection; continuum mechanics; granular materials; boundary value problems; constitutive relations ID NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID; STRESS CALCULATIONS; CONTINUUM THEORY; FLAT PLATES; CONDUCTIVITY; ASSEMBLIES; VISCOSITY; SPHERES; DISKS; MEDIA AB The present study considers an assembly of spherical particles, densely packed, between two vertical flat plates which are at different temperatures. The flow due to such a temperature difference is investigated. The governing equations for the flow of granular materials, taking into account the natural convection, are derived using a continuum model. For a fully developed flow of these materials, the equations reduce to a system of coupled, non-linear ordinary differential equations. The non-dimensional forms of the equations are integrated numerically. The results are then presented for volume fraction, dimensionless velocity, and temperature profiles as functions of various dimensionless parameters representing the following physical meaning: R-1 is the ratio of the pressure force to the force developed in the material due to distribution of the void. R-2 is the ratio of the viscous force to the gravity force and R-3 is the product of the Prandtl number and the Eckert number. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fed Energy Technol Ctr, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), Fed Energy Technol Ctr, US Dept Energy, POB 10940,MS 84-340, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM massoudi@fetc.doe.gov NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 34 IS 2 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1016/S0020-7462(98)00039-0 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 134QL UT WOS:000076754000012 ER PT J AU Graham, S McDowell, DL Dinwiddie, RB AF Graham, S McDowell, DL Dinwiddie, RB TI Multidimensional flash diffusivity measurements of orthotropic materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE composites; flash method; orthotropic; thermal conductivity; thermal diffusivity; transient technique ID MEASURING THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; THIN-FILMS AB A generalization of the radial flash technique is presented whereby the thermal diffusivity of an orthotropic solid is measured in directions parallel and perpendicular to the flash source. The theoretical formulation is based on a Green's function approach which assumes a general orthotropic solid with three mutually orthogonal thermal diffusivities (or conductivities). Using this approach, a solution to this problem is presented which can be used to develop solutions for arbitrary pulse waveforms and incident geometries. Analytical and numerical results are presented for two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases of finite and semiinfinite solids. Characteristic equations which describe the ratio of the temperatures at two points along a principal axis are given. The equations show excellent agreement with numerical predictions as well as experimental results. A parameter estimation approach is given which improves on the accuracy of the radial flash technique in the determination of thermal diffusivity from experimental data. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McDowell, DL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 691 EP 707 DI 10.1023/A:1022677625872 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 212WK UT WOS:000081240500020 ER PT J AU Wagner, RL Arthur, ED Cunningham, PT AF Wagner, RL Arthur, ED Cunningham, PT TI Plutonium, nuclear power, and nuclear weapons SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Vis Project, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Nucl Mat & Stockpile Management Program, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Wagner, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Vis Project, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 185EN UT WOS:000079655300022 ER PT J AU Taga, N Maekawa, M Shigesato, Y Yasui, I Kamei, M Haynes, TE AF Taga, N Maekawa, M Shigesato, Y Yasui, I Kamei, M Haynes, TE TI Deposition of heteroepitaxial In2O3 thin films by molecular beam epitaxy (vol 37, pg 6524, 1998) SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Correction C1 Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Res Ctr, Kanagawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2218755, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1068558, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taga, N (reprint author), Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Res Ctr, Kanagawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2218755, Japan. RI Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3A BP 1596 EP 1596 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 186YN UT WOS:000079759000066 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Morris, JW Oates, AS AF Kang, SH Morris, JW Oates, AS TI Metallurgical techniques for more reliable integrated circuits SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMIGRATION FAILURE; CONDUCTING LINES; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; CU; INTERCONNECTS; PRECIPITATION; RELIABILITY; SUBMICRON; TEXTURE; STRESS AB One of the primary concerns in the manufacture of advanced microelectronic devices is to ensure that metallic contacts and interconnects do not fail by electromigration or stress-induced voiding. This article discusses the possibility of implementing two kinds of beneficial treatments within normal manufacturing processes-treatments that modify grain structure to minimize failures through diffusional flux divergence and treatments that control solute and precipitate distributions in order Co avoid undesirable, overaged microstructures at the end of manufacturing. C1 AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kang, SH (reprint author), AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 9333 S John Young Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 51 IS 3 BP 16 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s11837-999-0021-y PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 176EW UT WOS:000079139200004 ER PT J AU Grasse, W Tyner, CE Steinfeld, A AF Grasse, W Tyner, CE Steinfeld, A TI International R & D collaboration in developing solar thermal technologies for electric power and solar chemistry: The solarPACES program of the International Energy Agency (IEA) SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies (STCT 9) CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL FONT ROMEU, FRANCE AB The SolarPACES program of the international Energy Agency, formed in 1977, now has members from 12 countries. Its R & D teams cooperate on three Tasks in a Strategic Plan: Solar Thermal Electric Power Systems, Solar Chemistry, and Solar Technology and Application. Electricity hom solar thermal power plants has proven to be the most economical form of solar electricity (between half or one third of the price of that from photovoltaics). Examples of R & D activities in three solar thermal power technologies: parabolic troughs, power towers, dish/engine systems are given. Cooperation with industry, public utilities and international financing organizations is also outlined. Solar Chemistry, a rather young discipline, utilizes concentrating solar thermal technologies for R & D in solar production of energy carriers; solar processing of chemical commodities; solar detoxification and recycling of waste materials. C1 DLR, SolarPACES, D-38518 Gifhorn, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Sun Lab Solar Thermal Energy, Dept 6216 MS 0703, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Grasse, W (reprint author), DLR, SolarPACES, Kleimannsruh 7, D-38518 Gifhorn, Germany. RI Steinfeld, Aldo/B-8869-2008 OI Steinfeld, Aldo/0000-0001-7797-686X NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS P3 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1051/jp4:1999302 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 199QD UT WOS:000080492400003 ER PT J AU Tyner, CE Kolb, GJ Meinecke, W Trieb, F AF Tyner, CE Kolb, GJ Meinecke, W Trieb, F TI Solar thermal electricity in 1998: An IEA solarPACES summary of status and future prospects SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies (STCT 9) CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL FONT ROMEU, FRANCE AB Research and development activities sponsored by countries within the International Energy Agency's solar thermal working group, SolarPACES (Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems), have helped reduce the cost of solar thermal systems to one-fifth that of the early pilot plants. Continued technological improvements are currently being proven in next-generation demonstration plants. These advances, along with cost reductions made possible by scale-up to larger mass-production rates and construction of a succession of power plants, have made solar thermal systems the lowest-cost solar energy in the world and promise cost-competitiveness with fossil-fuel plants in the future. Solar thermal technologies are appropriate for a wide range of applications, including dispatchable central-station power plants where they can meet peak-load to near-base-load needs of a utility, and distributed, modular power plants for both remote and grid-connected applications. In this paper, we present the collective position of the SolarPACES community on solar thermal electricity-generating technology. We discuss the current status of the technology and likely near-term improvements; the needs of target markets; and important technical and financial issues that must be resolved for success in near-term global markets. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-70503 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Tyner, CE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS P3 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1051/jp4:1999303 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 199QD UT WOS:000080492400004 ER PT J AU Cohen, GE Kearney, DW Price, HW AF Cohen, GE Kearney, DW Price, HW TI Performance history and future costs of parabolic trough solar electric systems SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies (STCT 9) CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL FONT ROMEU, FRANCE AB The five 30-MW SEGS (Solar Electric Generating System) Plants located at Kramer Junction. California, have been in operation since 1987. This paper reports and discusses performance trends for the period 1987 through 1997. Included are details on the electrical output, solar field performance. plant efficiency and solar conditions. Output of the plants during the period has an overall upward trend, with variations due to the influences of weather, significant alterations in the O&M structure and procedures, maturity of operation and experience, and spare parts availability. In recent years the output has risen markedly. As a result, performance in 1996-1997 showed the attainment of many new records for output and efficiency. Key factors effecting these achievements are discussed. The potential for further cost reduction in parabolic trough power technology is also examined in depth. A number of opportunities are discussed which can lead to reductions in the cost of me technology, improvements in performance, or reductions due to project structure or financing alternatives. C1 KJC Operating Co, Boron, CA 93516 USA. Kearney & Associates, Del Mar, CA USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Cohen, GE (reprint author), KJC Operating Co, 41100 Hwy 395, Boron, CA 93516 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS P3 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1051/jp4:1999326 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 199QD UT WOS:000080492400027 ER PT J AU Speidel, PJ Kelly, BD Prairie, MR Pacheco, JE Gilbert, RL Reilly, HE AF Speidel, PJ Kelly, BD Prairie, MR Pacheco, JE Gilbert, RL Reilly, HE TI Performance of the solar two central receiver power plant SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies (STCT 9) CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL FONT ROMEU, FRANCE AB Solar Two is a utility-led project to promote the commercialization of solar power towers by retrofitting the Solar One pilot plant from a water/steam-based system to a molten salt system. Solar Two is capable of producing 10 MWe net electricity with enough thermal storage capacity to operate the turbine for three hours after sunset. The plant was turned over to its operations and maintenance contractor in February 1998, marking transition from start-up to the test and evaluation phase. Solar Two has collected as much as 230 MWh thermal and generated as much as 72 MWh(e) gross electricity in one day. The plant has demonstrated dispatchability after dark, during clouds, and during sunshine hours. To date, Solar Two has collected thermal energy at a maximum rate of 39 MWt and generated gross electricity at a maximum rate of 11.1 MWe. Important lessons have been learned in the areas of heat trace, valve selection, materials of construction, and steam generator design. Testing has begun in a number of areas relating to receiver performance, storage tank performance, salt chemistry, overnight thermal conditioning, electricity dispatching, performance monitoring and evaluation, availability tracking, and receiver controls. C1 Shada Environm Specialists Inc, Huntington Beach, CA 92646 USA. Bechtel Corp, San Francisco, CA 94119 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Thermal Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Speidel, PJ (reprint author), Shada Environm Specialists Inc, 19361 Baywater Lane, Huntington Beach, CA 92646 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS P3 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1051/jp4:1999327 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 199QD UT WOS:000080492400028 ER PT J AU Junfeng, L Li, Z Zhan, L Yuan, Z Washom, B Kolb, G AF Junfeng, L Li, Z Zhan, L Yuan, Z Washom, B Kolb, G TI Initial appraisal of solar thermal electric energy in Tibet and Xinjiang provinces, People's Republic of China SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies (STCT 9) CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL FONT ROMEU, FRANCE AB At the request of USA sponsors Spencer Management Associates (SMA) and Sun lozenge Lab, China's Center for Renewable Energy Development and former Ministry of Electric Power conducted an initial appraisal of the issues involved with developing China's first solar thermal electric power plant in the sunbelt regions of Tibet or Xinjiang provinces. The appraisal concerns development of a large-scale, grid-connected solar trough or tower project capable of producing 30 or more megawatts of electricity. Several of the findings suggest that Tibet could be a niche market for solar thermal power because a solar plant may be the low-cost option relative to other methods of generating electricity. China has studied the concept of a solar thermal power plant for quite some time. In 1992, it completed a pre-feasibility study for a SEGS-type parabolic trough plant with the aid of Israel's United Development Limited. Because the findings were positive, both parties agreed to conduct a full-scale feasibly study. However, due to funding constraints, the study was postponed. Most recently, Sun lozenge Lab and SMA asked China to broaden the analysis to include tower as well as trough concepts. The findings of this most recent investigation, completed in November of 1997, are the subject of this paper. The main conclusions of all studies conducted to date suggest that a region in the proximity of Lhasa, Tibet, offers the best near-term opportunity within China. The opportunities for solar thermal power plants in other regions of China were also investigated. C1 Energy Res Inst, Ctr Renewable Energy Dev, Beijing, Peoples R China. State Power Co, Beijing, Peoples R China. Sandia Natl Labs, SunLAB, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Junfeng, L (reprint author), Energy Res Inst, Ctr Renewable Energy Dev, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS P3 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1051/jp4:1999332 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 199QD UT WOS:000080492400033 ER PT J AU Diver, RB Moss, TA Goldberg, V Thomas, G Beaudet, A AF Diver, RB Moss, TA Goldberg, V Thomas, G Beaudet, A TI Rolling thunder-integration of the SOLO 161 Stirling engine with the CPG-460 solar concentrator at Ft. Huachuca SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies (STCT 9) CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL FONT ROMEU, FRANCE AB Project "Rolling Thunder" is a dish/Stirling demonstration project at Ft. Huachuca, an U.S. Army fort in southeastern Arizona. (Huachuca means "rolling thunder" in Apache.) It has been supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). As part of a 1992 SERDP project, Cummins Power Generation, Inc. (CPG) installed a CPG 7-kW(e) dish/Stirling system at the Joint Interoperability Test Command (JITC) in Ft. Huachuca, Arizona. The primary objective of the SERDP "Dish/Stirling for DoD Applications" project was to demonstrate a CPG 7-kW(e), dish/Stirling system at a military facility. Unfortunately, Cummins Engine Company decided to divest its solar operations. However, as a direct result of Ft. Huachuca's interest in the Cummins dish/Stirling technology, Sandia retrofit a SOLO 161 Stirling engine on the CPG-460 at Ft. Huachuca. Project "Rolling Thunder - The SOLO 161 Demonstration at Ft. Huachuca" has been a challenge. Although, the SOLO 161 PCU has operated nearly flawlessly and the CPG-460 has been, for the most part, a solid and reliable component, integration of the SOLO PCU with the CPG-460 into a functional system has required significant attention. In this paper, the integration issues and technical approaches of project "Rolling Thunder" are presented. Lessons of the project are also discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. WG Associates, Dallas, TX USA. Joint Interoperabil Test Command, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. RP Diver, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0703, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS P3 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1051/jp4:1999335 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 199QD UT WOS:000080492400036 ER PT J AU Leon, J Sanchez, M Pacheco, JE AF Leon, J Sanchez, M Pacheco, JE TI Internal film receiver possibilities for the third generation of central receiver technology SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies (STCT 9) CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL FONT ROMEU, FRANCE AB During the last few years, a 0.5 MWt internal film receiver type was developed, mounted and tested at the Platafonna Solar de Almeria, Spain. The chief goal was to test the feasibility of this concept. operability and acceptable performance. in order to find out what the real performance is, several objectives were planned like measuring the heat transfer coefficient between salt film and panel surface, studying the behavior of the panel coating, checking the maximum allowable incident flux as well as the salt flow rate and the way to measure it. The maximum power on the panel expected was reached with flat distribution without any damage, in spite of later calculations which advised prudence. Thus the this type of receiver's potential can be considered very high. Other objectives, such as reducing the original power consumption and minimizing the hear losses were also reached. The obtained efficiency was very close of the expectations. We are optimistic taking into account the different parts which could be improved. Most of the problems appeared were solved during the test campaign while the roots of the unsolved problems were known and the acquired knowledge allows us to avoid them in a future receiver. C1 CIEMAT, PSA, Tabernas 04700, Almeria, Spain. Solargen Europe Ltd, Neston Corsham SN13 9TZ, Wilts, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Leon, J (reprint author), CIEMAT, PSA, Carretera Senes S-N, Tabernas 04700, Almeria, Spain. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS P3 BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1051/jp4:1999383 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 199QD UT WOS:000080492400084 ER PT J AU Pitz-Paal, R Jones, S AF Pitz-Paal, R Jones, S TI A model library of solar thermal electric components for the computer code TRNSYS SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies (STCT 9) CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL FONT ROMEU, FRANCE AB A new approach to modeling solar thermal electric plants using the TRNSYS simulation environment is discussed. The TRNSYS environment offers many advantages over currently used tools, including the option to more easily study the hybrid solar/fossil plant configurations that have been proposed to facilitate market penetration of solar thermal technologies. A component library developed for Rankine cycle, Brayton cycle, and solar system modeling is presented. A comparison between KPRO and TRNSYS results for a simple Rankine cycle show excellent correlation. C1 Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt EV, Solare Energietech, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pitz-Paal, R (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt EV, Solare Energietech, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS P3 BP 593 EP 598 DI 10.1051/jp4:1999394 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 199QD UT WOS:000080492400095 ER PT J AU Williams, TA AF Williams, TA TI Characterization of alternative hybrid power tower systems SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies (STCT 9) CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL FONT ROMEU, FRANCE AB Hybrid power towers offer a number of advantages over solar-only power tower systems for early commercial deployment of the technology. These advantages include enhanced modularity, reduced financial and technical risks, and lower energy costs. With the changes in the domestic and world markets for bulk power, hybrid power towers are likely to have the best opportunities for power projects. This paper discusses issues that are likely to be important to the deployment of hybrid power towers in the near future. A large number of alternative designs are possible, and it is likely that there is no single approach that can be considered best or optimal for all project opportunities. The preferred design will depend on the application, as well as the unique objectives and perspectives of the person evaluating the design. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Williams, TA (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS P3 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1051/jp4:19993111 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 199QD UT WOS:000080492400112 ER PT J AU Kohler, H Muller, S Schiffer, M Nara, PL AF Kohler, H Muller, S Schiffer, M Nara, PL TI Few clues for AIDS vaccines from structural data on gp120 and its receptors and antibodies SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Immpheron Inc, Lexington, KY USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Biol Mimet, Frederick, MD USA. RP Kohler, H (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 315 EP 316 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 175EP UT WOS:000079080400016 PM 10077183 ER PT J AU Pais, P Salmon, CP Knize, MG Felton, JS AF Pais, P Salmon, CP Knize, MG Felton, JS TI Formation of mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in dry-heated model systems, meats, and meat drippings SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Heterocyclic amines; cooked meats; meat drippings; model systems; formation ID FRIED GROUND-BEEF; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE PHIP; AROMATIC-AMINES; MUTAGEN FORMATION; COOKED FOODS; PAN RESIDUES; COOKING; TEMPERATURE; CARCINOGEN AB Mixtures of amino acids, creatine, and glucose simulating the composition of six different kinds of meats (beef, chicken breast, chicken thigh, turkey breast, pork, and fish) were dry-heated to simulate the formation of heterocyclic amines in meats. The presence of 16 heterocyclic amines was investigated in the model. systems and in the six meats and their corresponding meat drippings to determine the importance of meat composition to heterocyclic amine formation. Nine mutagenic amines (IQ, MeIQ, 8-MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, PhIP, IQx, IFP, DMIP, and TMIP) were found to be present at concentrations >0.1 ng/g in some of the model systems and in some of the meats or pan residues. Heterocyclic amine concentrations clearly are affected by precursor composition in this model system, and the same nine heterocyclic amines formed in the meat and in the model system show that this is a well-controlled surrogate for the reaction conditions that occur in meats during cooking. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Knize, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM knize1@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA5586] NR 49 TC 140 Z9 151 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1098 EP 1108 DI 10.1021/jf980644e PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 177TN UT WOS:000079227300053 PM 10552422 ER PT J AU Rudd, LV Pines, DJ Carter, PH AF Rudd, LV Pines, DJ Carter, PH TI Suboptimal damped periodic cruise trajectories for hypersonic flight SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT; VEHICLE AB An initial study of damped periodic flight trajectories that achieve optimal fuel savings for hypersonic night is investigated. The aerodynamic characteristics of hypersonic lifting bodies including scramjet propulsion are used to achieve enhanced fuel savings compared with steady-state cruise. A parameterized form of the damped periodic altitude profile is assumed along with the constraint that the ratio of kinetic to potential energy remain the same at the endpoints of a period, Previous studies of periodic cruise neglected to impose this constraint, nor was a damped parameterized form of the altitude profile assumed. This resulted in suboptimal solutions of the two-point boundary-value problem for periodic hypersonic night, This new parameterization along with the energy ratio constraint results in fuel savings of approximately 45% over the initial period for a modified model of the HL-20 spaceplane vehicle. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mech Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rudd, LV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.2514/2.2445 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 184LT UT WOS:000079614200011 ER PT J AU Balazs, GB Cooper, JF Shell, TE AF Balazs, GB Cooper, JF Shell, TE TI Effect of trace additives on the efficiency of peroxydisulfate regeneration SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electrolytic; organic waste treatment; peroxydisulfate; trace additives ID THIOCYANATE; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY AB Direct chemical oxidation (DCO) is an emerging technology in which the organic components of hazardous or mixed waste streams are mineralized to carbon dioxide by the nearly omnivorous oxidant peroxydisulfate. Following treatment, the expended oxidant may be electrochemically regenerated to lower costs and minimize secondary waste; however, due to the varied contents of potential waste streams, trace chemical species may slowly accumulate in the system. To verify that the electrochemical recycling step was not adversely affected, the effect that several species have on the efficiency of this peroxydisulfate regeneration step has been measured. The organic additives formaldehyde, formic acid, and oxalic acid were tested, as well as the inorganic ions phosphate, nitrate, fluoride, chloride and thiocyanate. Changes in the peroxydisulfate formation potential in the presence of these additives were measured using chronopotentiometry, with current densities from 0.5 to 2.0 A cm(-2), and additive concentrations of 0.1 mM to 0.1 M. Also, a real-time technique using a rotating disc electrode was developed to measure these additives' effect on the formation kinetics of peroxydisulfate. In addition, the effect that various additives had on the rate of electrochemical peroxydisulfate generation was measured in a large-scale electrolysis cell. None of the additives caused a significant reduction in the potential or the efficiency of the peroxydisulfate generation step, although the presence of formic acid appeared to increase the efficiency. In addition, the presence of thiocyanate completely blocks the reduction of peroxydisulfate on platinum. This information is currently being applied in scale-up testing of this technology for use in treating hazardous waste or the organic components of mixed waste. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balazs, GB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM balasz1@llnl.gov NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1023/A:1003429123801 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 180HK UT WOS:000079379900002 ER PT J AU Seager, CH Myers, SM Petersen, GA Han, J Headley, T AF Seager, CH Myers, SM Petersen, GA Han, J Headley, T TI Infrared and transmission electron microscopy studies of ion-implanted H in GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOCAL VIBRATIONAL-MODES; HYDROGEN; FILMS; POLARITY; GAAS; SI AB H and D have been implanted into undoped films of GaN heteroepitaxially grown on sapphire over a dose range from 5X10(15) to 5X10(17) ions/cm(2). After a 600 degrees C post-implantation anneal, room temperature Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy reveals two major local vibrational modes at 3183 cm(-1) (2364 cm(-1)) and 3219 cm(-1) (2386 cm(-1)) for the H (D) material implanted at higher doses. The position and isotope shift (1.35) of these modes strongly suggest they are due to hydrogen bonded to nitrogen atoms; these atoms are located on the surfaces of seven sided cavities created by the H implant and thermal anneal cycle and identified by transmission electron microscopy. Nuclear reaction analyses of isochronally annealed D implanted films indicate that most of the deuterium remains bound within the implanted layer, and that the major release stage for D occurs near 900 degrees C. By contrast, the N-H (N-D) vibrational modes anneal out in the 750-800 degrees C temperature range. These findings indicate that the bound H exists in at least two major states, believed to be IR-active N-H on the cavity walls and IR-inactive H-2 gas within the cavities. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)06305-7]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Seager, CH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2568 EP 2573 DI 10.1063/1.369623 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169YH UT WOS:000078777000017 ER PT J AU Romine, MF Stillwell, LC Wong, KK Thurston, SJ Sisk, EC Sensen, C Gaasterland, T Fredrickson, JK Saffer, JD AF Romine, MF Stillwell, LC Wong, KK Thurston, SJ Sisk, EC Sensen, C Gaasterland, T Fredrickson, JK Saffer, JD TI Complete sequence of a 184-kilobase catabolic plasmid from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GROUP-II INTRON; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL-DEGRADATION; UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIUM; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA P8; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENUS SPHINGOMONAS; DEEP-SUBSURFACE; SP-NOV AB The complete 184,457-bp sequence of the aromatic catabolic plasmid, pNL1, from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199 has been determined. A total of 186 open reading frames (ORFs) are predicted to encode proteins, of which 79 are likely directly associated with catabolism or transport of aromatic compounds. Genes that encode enzymes associated with the degradation of biphenyl, naphthalene, m-xylene, and p-cresol are predicted to be distributed among 15 gene clusters. The unusual coclustering of genes associated with different pathways appears to have evolved in response to similarities in biochemical mechanisms required for the degradation of intermediates in different pathways. A putative efflux pump and several hypothetical membrane-associated proteins were identified and predicted to be involved in the transport of aromatic compounds and/or intermediates in catabolism across the cell wall. Several genes associated with integration and recombination, including two group II intron-associated maturases, were identified in the replication region, suggesting that pNL1 is able to undergo integration and excision events with the chromosome and/or other portions of the plasmid. Conjugative transfer of pNL1 to another Sphingomonas sp. was demonstrated, and genes associated with this function were found in two large clusters. Approximately one-third of the ORFs (59 of them) have no obvious homology to known genes. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Romine, MF (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, 902 Battelle Bldg,MS P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Margie.Romine@pnl.gov RI Sensen, Christoph/C-1798-2013; OI Sensen, Christoph/0000-0001-9604-8962; Wong, Kwong-Kwok/0000-0002-0375-6669 NR 113 TC 218 Z9 242 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 181 IS 5 BP 1585 EP 1602 PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 170XW UT WOS:000078833200028 PM 10049392 ER PT J AU Schaible, UE Schlesinger, PH Steinberg, TH Mangel, WF Kobayashi, T Russell, DG AF Schaible, UE Schlesinger, PH Steinberg, TH Mangel, WF Kobayashi, T Russell, DG TI Parasitophorous vacuoles of Leishmania mexicana acquire macromolecules from the host cell cytosol via two independent routes SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Leishmania Mexicana; autophagy; organic anion transporter; parasitophorous vacuole; lysobisphosphatidic acid; macrophage ID AMAZONENSIS-INFECTED MACROPHAGES; CULTURED RAT FIBROBLASTS; RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENTRY; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; CLASS-II MOLECULES; AUTOPHAGIC VACUOLES; PRELYSOSOMAL COMPARTMENT; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CONTAINING PHAGOSOMES; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION AB The intracellular parasite Leishmania survives and proliferates in host macrophages. In this study me show that parasitophorous vacuoles of L, mexicana gain access to cytosolic material via two different routes. (1) Small anionic molecules such as Lucifer Yellow are rapidly transported into the vacuoles by an active transport mechanism that is sensitive to inhibitors of the host cell's organic anion transporter. (2) Larger molecules such as fluorescent dextrans introduced into the host cell cytosol are also delivered to parasitophorous vacuoles. This transport is slower and sensitive to modulators of autophagy, Infected macrophages were examined by two novel assays to visualize and quantify this process. Immunoelectron microscopy of cells loaded with digoxigenin-dextran revealed label in multivesicular endosomes, which appeared to fuse with parasitophorous The inner membranes of the muitivesicular vesicles label strongly with antibodies against lysobisphosphatidic acid, suggesting that they represent a point of confluence between the endosomal and autophagosomal pathways, Although the rate of autophagous transfer was comparable in infected and uninfected cells, infected cells retained hydrolyzed cysteine proteinase substrate to a greater degree. These data suggest that L. mexicana-containing vacuoles have access to potential nutrients in the host cell cytosol via at least two independent mechanisms. vacuoles. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Cell Biol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Geneva, Dept Biochem, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Russell, DG (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM russell@borcim.wustl.edu RI Russell, David/D-4533-2009; Schaible, Ulrich/C-7837-2011; Schlesinger, Paul/C-6049-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 37977, AI41599] NR 58 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 112 IS 5 BP 681 EP 693 PG 13 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 179HL UT WOS:000079320700010 PM 9973603 ER PT J AU Chong, HY Vodovotz, Y Cox, GW Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Chong, HY Vodovotz, Y Cox, GW Barcellos-Hoff, MH TI Immunocytochemical localization of latent transforming growth factor-beta 1 activation by stimulated macrophages SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BETA; TGF-BETA; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; COLLAGEN FORMATION; IN-SITU; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; RECEPTOR; DIFFERENTIATION AB Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta) is secreted in a latent form consisting of mature TGF-beta noncovalently associated with its amino-terminal propeptide, which is called latency associated peptide (LAP). Biological activity depends upon the release of TGF-beta from the latent complex following extracellular activation, which appears to be the key regulatory mechanism controlling TGF-beta action. We have identified two events associated with latent TGF-beta (LTGF-beta) activation in vivo: increased immunoreactivity of certain antibodies that specifically detect TGF-beta concomitant with decreased immunoreactivity of antibodies to LAP. Macrophages stimulated in vitro with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide reportedly activate LTGF-beta via cell membrane-bound protease activity. We show through dual immunostaining of paraformaldehyde-fixed macrophages that such physiological TGF-beta activation is accompanied by a loss of LAP immunoreactivity with concomitant revelation of TGF-beta epitopes. The induction of TGF-beta immunoreactivity colocalized with immunoreactive betaglycan/RIII in activated macrophages, suggesting that LTGF-beta activation occurs on the cell surface. Confocal microscopy of metabolically active macrophages incubated with antibodies to TGF-beta and betaglycan/RIII prior to fixation supported the localization of activation to the cell surface. The ability to specifically detect and localize LTGF-beta activation provides an important tool for studies of its regulation. J. Cell. Physiol. 178:275-283, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NCI, Radiat Biol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Macrophage Cell Biol Sect, Expt Immunol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 74-174,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MHBarcellos-Hoff@lbl.gov NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9541 EI 1097-4652 J9 J CELL PHYSIOL JI J. Cell. Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 178 IS 3 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199903)178:3<275::AID-JCP1>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 164JP UT WOS:000078460700001 PM 9989773 ER PT J AU Ahmed, M Peterka, DS Bracker, AS Vasyutinskii, OS Suits, AG AF Ahmed, M Peterka, DS Bracker, AS Vasyutinskii, OS Suits, AG TI Coherence in polyatomic photodissociation: Aligned O(P-3) from photodissociation of NO2 at 212.8 nm SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION; PHOTOFRAGMENTS; DISSOCIATION; FRAGMENTS; VELOCITY; H-2 AB Strong orbital alignment is observed in the ground-state oxygen atom following photodissociation of NO2 at 212.8 nm using ion imaging. The imaging method allows for investigation of the angular distribution of this alignment, providing insight into the dynamics in the frame of the molecule. The results are analyzed using a rigorous quantum mechanical theory yielding alignment parameters having direct physical significance. This alignment is dominated by a strong incoherent parallel contribution. In addition, the results reveal direct evidence of coherence between parallel and perpendicular contributions to the excitation of a polyatomic molecule, showing that the electron cloud in the recoiling atom "remembers'' the original molecular plane. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)02309-0]. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Suits, AG (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009 NR 29 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 9 BP 4115 EP 4118 DI 10.1063/1.478352 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 168HP UT WOS:000078686400001 ER PT J AU White, SR Martin, RL AF White, SR Martin, RL TI Ab initio quantum chemistry using the density matrix renormalization group SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB In this paper we describe how the density matrix renormalization group can be used for quantum chemical calculations for molecules, as an alternative to traditional methods, such as configuration interaction or coupled cluster approaches. As a demonstration of the potential of this approach, we present results for the H2O molecule in a standard gaussian basis. Results for the total energy of the system compare favorably with the best traditional quantum chemical methods. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)31309-X]. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP White, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI White, Steven/B-4760-2008 OI White, Steven/0000-0003-3496-0707 NR 7 TC 196 Z9 197 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 9 BP 4127 EP 4130 DI 10.1063/1.478295 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 168HP UT WOS:000078686400004 ER PT J AU Atchity, GJ Ruedenberg, K AF Atchity, GJ Ruedenberg, K TI A local understanding of the quantum chemical geometric phase theorem in terms of diabatic states SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONICAL INTERSECTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS AB A global understanding of the geometric phase theorem associated with conical intersections is gained in terms of local properties of the Hamiltonian along the path actually traversed by means of a resolution of adiabatic states in terms of diabatic states. The analysis also answers certain questions that are left open by formulations in terms of intersection seams. It moreover leads to a method for determining the location of the adiabatic intersections. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)01208-8]. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Atchity, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 9 BP 4208 EP 4212 DI 10.1063/1.478302 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 168HP UT WOS:000078686400012 ER PT J AU Ahmed, M Peterka, DS Suits, AG AF Ahmed, M Peterka, DS Suits, AG TI The photodissociation of the vinyl radical (C2H3) at 243 nm studied by velocity map imaging SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; EXCITED-STATES; MOLECULAR-BEAM; ACETYLENE; CIS; PHOTOELECTRON; ETHYLENE; OXYGEN AB The technique of velocity map imaging (VELMI) has been applied to study the photodissociation of the vinyl radical (C2H3) at 243.2 nm in a molecular beam. Using momentum conservation, we show that the primary product is singlet vinylidene [H2CC((X) over tilde(2)A')], or singlet acetylene at energies where interconversion between the H2CC and HCCH geometries is facile. In addition, a minor contribution is seen which is assigned to triplet acetylene [C2H2((a) over tilde(3)B(2))]. We argue that out-of-plane motion of the third H atom is necessary to bring the excited states, of A" symmetry, to an A' symmetry leading to products, and the observed tranlsational energy distribution may show evidence of the barrier to this process. The heat of formation of vinylidene is derived to be 100.3 +/- 4.0 kcal/mol, in agreement with literature values. From the translational energy release, we derive the T-0 for triplet acetylene C2H2((a) over tilde(3)B(2)) to be 28900 cm(-1), which does not agree well with recent ab initio calculations. Possible reasons for the disagreement are discussed. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)00709-6]. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ahmed, M (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, MS 6-2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009 NR 31 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 9 BP 4248 EP 4253 DI 10.1063/1.478307 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 168HP UT WOS:000078686400017 ER PT J AU Sun, WZ Yokoyama, K Robinson, JC Suits, AG Neumark, DM AF Sun, WZ Yokoyama, K Robinson, JC Suits, AG Neumark, DM TI Discrimination of product isomers in the photodissociation of propyne and allene at 193 nm SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MASS; METHYLACETYLENE; ACETYLENE; C3H2 AB The photodissociation dynamics of propyne and allene are investigated in two molecular beam/ photodissociation instruments, one using electron impact ionization and the other using tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light to photoionize the photoproducts. The primary dissociation channels for both reactants are C3H3 + H and C3H2 + H-2. Measurement of the photoionization efficiency curves on the VUV instrument shows that the C3H3 product from propyne is the propynyl (CH3CC) radical, whereas the C3H3 product from allene is the propargyl (CH2CCH) radical. The dominant C3H2 product from both reactants is the propadienylidene (H2CCC) radical. We also observe a small amount of secondary C3H2 product from photodissociation of the C3H3 radicals in both cases. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)02008-5]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. RP Sun, WZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 19 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 9 BP 4363 EP 4368 DI 10.1063/1.478318 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 168HP UT WOS:000078686400030 ER PT J AU Burnham, CJ Li, JC Xantheas, SS Leslie, M AF Burnham, CJ Li, JC Xantheas, SS Leslie, M TI The parametrization of a Thole-type all-atom polarizable water model from first principles and its application to the study of water clusters (n=2-21) and the phonon spectrum of ice Ih SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INCOHERENT NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AB-INITIO; LIQUID WATER; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; DIPOLE INTERACTION; ENERGY STRUCTURES; HYDROGEN-BOND; HEXAGONAL ICE; POTENTIALS AB We present the parametrization of a new polarizable model for water based on Thole's method [Chem. Phys. 59, 341 (1981)] for predicting molecular polarizabilities using smeared charges and dipoles. The potential is parametrized using first principles ab initio data for the water dimer. Initial benchmarks of the new model include the investigation of the properties of water clusters (n = 2 - 21) and (hexagonal) ice Ih using molecular dynamics simulations. The potential produces energies and nearest-neighbor (H-bonded) oxygen-oxygen distances that agree well with the ab initio results for the small water clusters. The properties of larger clusters with 9-21 water molecules using predicted structures from Wales et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 286, 65 (1998)] were also studied in order to identify trends and convergence of structural and electric properties with cluster size. The simulation of ice Ih produces a lattice energy of -65.19 kJ/mol (expt. 258.9 kJ/mol) with an average dipole moment of 2.849 D. The calculated spectrum for the phonon density of states exhibits features that may correspond to the experimentally measured peaks at 28 and 37 meV. The many body contribution to the total energy is found to be close to 31% for both the water clusters and for ice Ih. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)50308- 5]. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. SERC, Daresbury Lab, CCLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Burnham, CJ (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, POB 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 NR 86 TC 187 Z9 188 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 9 BP 4566 EP 4581 DI 10.1063/1.478797 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 168HP UT WOS:000078686400053 ER PT J AU Rard, JA Clegg, SL AF Rard, JA Clegg, SL TI Isopiestic determination of the osmotic and activity coefficients of {zH(2)SO(4)+(1-z)MgSO4}(aq) at T = 298.15 K. II. Results for z = (0.43040, 0.28758, and 0.14399) and analysis with Pitzer's model SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE isopiestic measurements; aqueous solutions; sulfuric acid; magnesium sulfate; Pitzer's model ID MAGNESIUM-SULFATE SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURE T=298.15 K; AQUEOUS SULFURIC-ACID; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; 25-DEGREES-C; SYSTEM; WATER; ((1-Y)H2SO4+YNA2SO4)(AQ); SOLUBILITY AB Isopiestic vapor pressure measurements were made for {ZH2SO4 + (1 - z)MgSO4}(aq) solutions with H2SO4 molality fractions of z = (0.43040, 0.28758, and 0.14399) at the temperature 298.15 K. Measurements extend from total molalities of m(T) = (0.29999, 0.32948, and 0.36485) mol kg(-1) to m(T) = (4.8474(0), 4.2843(3), and 3.9620(6)) mol kg(-1), respectively These highest molalities correspond to the greatest degrees of supersaturation that could be achieved during isothermal removal of solvent. The corresponding water activity ranges are 0.9924 greater than or equal to a(w) 0.7469, 0.9924 greater than or equal to a(w) greater than or equal to 0.7983, and 0.9924 greater than or equal to a(w) greater than or equal to 0.8291 for z = (0.43040, 0.28758, and 0.14399), respectively. Isopiestic results for this system with z = (0.85811, 0.71539, and 0.57353) were reported previously (J. Chem. Thermodynamics 1997, 29, 533-555). The combined results to mT less than or equal to 3.5 mol.kg(-1) are represented essentially to experimental accuracy with Fitter's model, using ionic strength-dependent third virial coefficients for the constituent binary solutions. A second set of parameters is also presented for the more extended molality range of m(T) less than or equal to 6.0 mol.kg(-1), where this model gives a slightly less accurate representation of the experimental information. The nature and extent of ionic association in MgSO4(aq) is discussed, but it was not possible to select a value of the association constant owing to large discrepancies among the various studies. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Rard, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 399 EP 429 DI 10.1006/jcht.1998.0461 PG 31 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 179PA UT WOS:000079336200005 ER PT J AU Embury, SH Mohandas, N Paszty, C Cooper, P Cheung, ATW AF Embury, SH Mohandas, N Paszty, C Cooper, P Cheung, ATW TI In vivo blood flow abnormalities in the transgenic knockout sickle cell mouse SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN INHALATION; DISEASE; MODEL; HEMOGLOBIN; ANEMIA; MICROSCOPY; VELOCITY; SYSTEM; CRISIS; INVIVO AB The accepted importance of circulatory impairment to sickle cell anemia remains to be verified by in vivo experimentation. Intravital microscopy studies of blood flow in patients are limited to circulations that can be viewed noninvasively and are restricted from deliberate perturbations of the circulation. Further knowledge of sickle blood flow abnormalities has awaited an animal model of human sickle cell disease. We compared blood flow in the mucosal-intestinal microvessels of normal mice with that in transgenic knockout sickle cell mice that have erythrocytes containing only human hemoglobin S and that exhibit a degree of hemolytic anemia and pathological complications similar to the human disease. In sickle cell mice, in addition to seeing blood flow abnormalities such as sludging in all microvessels, we detected decreased blood flow velocity in venules of all diameters. Flow responses to hyperoxia in both normal and sickle cell mice were dramatic, but opposite: Hyperoxia promptly slowed or halted flow in normal mice but markedly enhanced flow in sickle cell mice. Intravital microscopic studies of this murine model provide important insights into sickle cell blood flow abnormalities and suggest that this model can be used to evaluate the causes of abnormal flow and new approaches to therapy of sickle cell disease. C1 San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Hematol, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Amgen Inc, Dept Mol Genet, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Med Pathol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Embury, SH (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Hematol, Bldg 100,Room 263,1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL31579, R29-HL-51181, P60 HL020985, R01 HL031579] NR 38 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA ROOM 4570 KRESGE I, 200 ZINA PITCHER PLACE, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-0560 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 103 IS 6 BP 915 EP 920 DI 10.1172/JCI5977 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 177GW UT WOS:000079203100019 PM 10079113 ER PT J AU Colella, P Pao, K AF Colella, P Pao, K TI A projection method for low speed flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE low speed flows; projection methods; Hodge decomposition ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER; SCHEME AB We propose a decomposition applicable to low speed, inviscid flows of all Mach numbers less than 1. By using the Hedge decomposition, we may write the velocity field as the sum of a divergence-free vector field and a gradient of a scalar function. Evolution equations for these parts are presented. A numerical procedure based on this decomposition is designed, using projection methods for solving the incompressible variables and a backward-Euler method for solving the potential variables. Numerical experiments are included to illustrate Various aspects of our algorithm. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp CIC19, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM colella@watt.me.berkeley.edu; kip@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 2 BP 245 EP 269 DI 10.1006/jcph.1998.6152 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 171MT UT WOS:000078868300003 ER PT J AU Knoll, DA Lapenta, G Brackbill, JU AF Knoll, DA Lapenta, G Brackbill, JU TI A multilevel iterative field solver for implicit, kinetic, plasma simulation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE implicit plasma simulation; nonsymmetric systems; preconditioned Krylov methods; multigrid methods ID NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; MINIMAL RESIDUAL ALGORITHM; EQUATIONS; MODEL; FLOW AB The equation for electrostatic potential which arises from the implicit moment method in plasma simulation is a nonsymmetric elliptic equation. We present results using a simple multigrid method as a preconditioner to General Minimum RESidual (GMRES) to iteratively solve this nonsymmetric elliptic equation in two dimensions. It is demonstrated that a simple multigrid method produces an effective preconditioner. It is also demonstrated that under some conditions the required number of linear iterations is independent of grid dimension. Results are presented for both uniform and nonuniform grid problems. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, Turin, Italy. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 2 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1006/jcph.1998.6159 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 171MT UT WOS:000078868300009 ER PT J AU Margolin, L Shashkov, M AF Margolin, L Shashkov, M TI Using a curvilinear grid to construct symmetry-preserving discretizations for Lagrangian gas dynamics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE curvilinear grids; grid reconstruction; invariant discretizations; preservation of symmetry. ID LOGICALLY RECTANGULAR GRIDS; NATURAL DISCRETIZATIONS; DIFFERENCE SCHEME; EQUATIONS; DIVERGENCE; GRADIENT; TARGETS; CURL AB The goal of this paper is to construct discretizations for the equations of Lagrangian gas dynamics that preserve plane, cylindrical, and spherical symmetry in the solution of the original differential equations. The new method uses a curvilinear grid that is reconstructed from a given logically rectangular distribution of nodes. The sides of the cells of the reconstructed grid can be segments of straight lines or arcs of local circles. Our procedure is exact for straight lines and circles; that is, it reproduces rectangular and polar grids exactly. We use the method of support operators to construct a conservative finite-difference method that we demonstrate will preserve spatial symmetries for certain choices of the initial grid. We also introduce a "curvilinear" version of artificial edge viscosity that also preserves symmetry. We present numerical examples to demonstrate our theoretical considerations and the robustness of the new method. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Margolin, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-HM,MS-D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 2 BP 389 EP 417 DI 10.1006/jcph.1998.6161 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 171MT UT WOS:000078868300010 ER PT J AU Berman, A Charych, D AF Berman, A Charych, D TI Oriented nucleation of inorganic salts on polymeric long chain acid monolayers SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Crystal Growth, held in Conjunction with the 10th International Conference on Vapor Growth and Epitaxy (ICCG-12/ICVGE-10) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL DE epitaxy; organic-inorganic interface; oriented nucleation; calcite; CdS ID CRYSTALLIZATION; FILMS; TRANSITIONS; SURFACES; DESIGN; GROWTH; PHASE AB Directed crystallization of calcite and CdS was studied on polymerized 10,12 pentacosadiynoic acid (p-PDA) template. Precise lattice match between calcite a axis and, the carboxylates periodicity along the linear polymer backbone, and stereochemical fit between the titled monolayer and inclined carbonate at the (0 1 2) of calcite, induce total control of calcite nucleation. Polymer crystalline domains can be several hundreds of micrometers in dimension. Consequently, the templated calcite crystals are all coaligned within this range. p-PDA film with CdS nucleated on it, produces a selected area electron diffraction pattern which is a superimposition of 4 different projection of CdS FCC structure. All the projections have a common (2 2 0) diffraction spot, suggesting alignment along this direction. This suggests that crystallites can in fact be in any orientation with only one crystal axis aligned with the substrate. This represents a unique example of template crystallization where limited control is manifested. The p-PDA film is particularly suitable for template nucleation studies due to its rigidity and large domains. This results in well-defined crystal orientation over the extent of the substrate domains. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Unit Biotechnol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berman, A (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Unit Biotechnol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM aberman@bgumail.bgu.ac.il RI Berman, Amir/F-1870-2012 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR PY 1999 VL 198 BP 796 EP 801 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(98)01225-1 PN 1 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 187ZM UT WOS:000079819000142 ER PT J AU Shima, R Folman, M Brown, I Hoffman, A AF Shima, R Folman, M Brown, I Hoffman, A TI Effect of Ti ion implantation, abrasion with particles, and thin film evaporation on the formation of CVD diamond on Si substrates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Crystal Growth, held in Conjunction with the 10th International Conference on Vapor Growth and Epitaxy (ICCG-12/ICVGE-10) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL DE silicon; diamond; CVD; titanium; ion implantation ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; INITIAL-STAGES; NUCLEATION; ENHANCEMENT; MIXTURE; GROWTH; METAL AB In previous studies it has been shown that diamond nucleation and growth on Si substrates may be enhanced by substrate abrasion with a mixture of diamond and Ti metal particles. In this work, a gradual change in the surface composition of Si was designed to enable a controlled study of chemical effects induced by Ti additives at the initial stages of diamond CVD formation. Diamond was deposited on Si substrates pre-abraded with diamond or a mixture of diamond and titanium powders. Also, Si implanted with different energies and doses of Ti (50, 100, 134 KeV, and 10(14), 10(15) ions/cm(2)) and abraded with diamond powder served as a substrate for diamond deposition. In order to study the reactions of Ti additives during the deposition process, additional Si substrates were covered by thin Ti films (100 nm) and exposed to CVD conditions. AFM, SEM, FTIR, mu-Raman, AES, and SIMS were utilized in this study. The incorporation of Ti into the Si surface region modified its reactivity towards the formation of CVD diamond. However, its exact location relative to the gas phase was found to be of crucial importance: the highest nucleation enhancement was obtained when the Ti was placed on the Si surface, and was in direct interaction with the gas phase. It is suggested that C is accumulated in the Ti rich zone, resulting in faster carbon saturation and enhancement in SiC formation, which is believed to be a template for diamond growth on Si. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shima, R (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM shima@techunix.technion.ac.il NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR PY 1999 VL 198 BP 957 EP 962 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(98)01119-1 PN 2 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 187ZP UT WOS:000079819300014 ER PT J AU Zaitseva, N Atherton, J Rozsa, R Carman, L Smolsky, I Runkel, M Ryon, R James, L AF Zaitseva, N Atherton, J Rozsa, R Carman, L Smolsky, I Runkel, M Ryon, R James, L TI Design and benefits of continuous filtration in rapid growth of large KDP and DKDP crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE KDP; DKDP; rapid crystal growth; spontaneous nucleation; continuous filtration; dislocation structure; damage threshold ID FUSION AB Large KDP and DKDP crystals with linear sizes up to 55 cm were grown at growth rates of 12-15 mm/day along z-axis using continuous filtration. The design of a system which can operate without spontaneous nucleation at supersaturations as high as 20% is described. The importance of using continuous filtration for optical quality of the crystals is demonstrated. Crystals grown this way have extremely low dislocation densities, a high level of optical homogeneity and high damage threshold. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zaitseva, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 63 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR PY 1999 VL 197 IS 4 BP 911 EP 920 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(98)01095-1 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 171RM UT WOS:000078877900026 ER PT J AU Hong, J Shul, RJ Zhang, L Lester, LF Cho, H Hahn, YB Hays, DC Jung, KB Pearton, SJ Zetterling, CM Ostling, M AF Hong, J Shul, RJ Zhang, L Lester, LF Cho, H Hahn, YB Hays, DC Jung, KB Pearton, SJ Zetterling, CM Ostling, M TI Plasma chemistries for high density plasma etching of SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC-40) CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL UNIV VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP TMS HO UNIV VIRGINIA DE etching; pattern transfer; SiC; via holes ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMA; SILICON-CARBIDE; SEMICONDUCTOR; DEVICES; NF3 AB A variety of different plasma chemistries, including SF6, Cl-2, ICl, and IBr, have been examined for dry etching of 6H-SiC in high ion density plasma tools (inductively coupled plasma and electron cyclotron resonance). Rates up to 4500 Angstrom.min(-1) were obtained for SF plasmas, while much lower rates (less than or equal to 800 Angstrom.min(-1)) were achieved with Cl-2, ICl, and IBr. The F-2-based chemistries have poor selectivity for SiC over photoresist masks (typically 0.4-0.5), but Ni masks are more robust, and allow etch depths greater than or equal to 10 mu m in the SiC. A micromachining process (sequential etch/deposition steps) designed for Si produces relatively low etch rates (<2,000 Angstrom min(-1)) for SiC. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. KTH, Dept Elect, Kista, Sweden. RP Hong, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Zetterling, Carl-Mikael/E-5764-2015 OI Zetterling, Carl-Mikael/0000-0001-8108-2631 NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 196 EP 201 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0013-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 177ZB UT WOS:000079240000013 ER PT J AU Cao, XA Wilson, RG Zolper, JC Pearton, SJ Han, J Shul, RJ Rieger, DJ Singh, RK Fu, M Scarvepalli, V Sekhar, JA Zavada, JM AF Cao, XA Wilson, RG Zolper, JC Pearton, SJ Han, J Shul, RJ Rieger, DJ Singh, RK Fu, M Scarvepalli, V Sekhar, JA Zavada, JM TI Redistribution of implanted dopants in GaN SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC-40) CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL UNIV VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP TMS HO UNIV VIRGINIA DE annealing donors and acceptors; GaN; implantation ID GAAS; DIFFUSION; ALN AB Donor (S, Se, and Te) and acceptor (Mg, Be, and C) dopants have been implanted into GaN at doses of 3-5 x 10(14) cm(-2) and annealed at temperatures up to 1450 degrees C. No redistribution of any of the elements is detectable by secondary ion mass spectrometry, except for Be, which displays behavior consistent with damage-assisted diffusion at 900 degrees C. At higher temperatures, there is no further movement of the Be, for peak annealing temperature durations of 10 s. Effective diffusivities are less than or equal to 2 x 10(-13) cm(2).s(-1) at 1450 degrees C for each of the dopants in GaN. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Micropyret Heaters Int Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. USARDSG, European Res Off, London, England. RP Cao, XA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0025-y PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 177ZB UT WOS:000079240000025 ER PT J AU Cho, H Auh, KH Han, J Shul, RJ Donovan, SM Abernathy, CR Lambers, ES Ren, F Pearton, SJ AF Cho, H Auh, KH Han, J Shul, RJ Donovan, SM Abernathy, CR Lambers, ES Ren, F Pearton, SJ TI UV-photoassisted etching of GaN in KOH SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC-40) CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL UNIV VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP TMS HO UNIV VIRGINIA DE activation energy; etching; GaN; photo assisted ID III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS AB The etch rate of GaN under ultraviolet-assisted photoelectrochemical conditions in KOH solutions is found to be a strong function of illumination intensity, solution molarity, sample bias, and material doping level. At low e-h pair generation rates, grain boundaries are selectively etched, while at higher illumination intensities etch rates for unintentionally doped (n similar to 3 x 10(16) cm(-3)) GaN are greater than or equal to 1000 Angstrom.min(-1). The etching is diffusion-limited under our conditions with an activation energy of similar to 0.8kCal.mol(-1). The etched surfaces are rough, but retain their stoichiometry. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Hanyang Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Cho, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0029-7 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 177ZB UT WOS:000079240000029 ER PT J AU Rao, MV Tucker, J Holland, OW Papanicolaou, N Chi, PH Kretchmer, JW Ghezzo, M AF Rao, MV Tucker, J Holland, OW Papanicolaou, N Chi, PH Kretchmer, JW Ghezzo, M TI Donor ion-implantation doping into SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC-40) CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL UNIV VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP TMS HO UNIV VIRGINIA DE activation; annealing; donors; ion-implantation; SiC ID SILICON-CARBIDE; NITROGEN; IMPURITIES; PHOSPHORUS AB In this paper, dopant electrical activation and dopant thermal stability results of As and Sb-implanted GH-Sie epitaxial layers and N ion implantations into bulk semi-insulating (SI) 4H-SiC are presented. In addition, empirical formulas for the first four statistical moments (range, straggle, skewmess, and kurtosis) of the implant depth distributions of N and P ion implants are developed in the energy range of 50 keV to 4 MeV. The nitrogen ion-implantations in SI 4H-SiC yield an acceptable (27%) room-temperature electrical activation (ratio of measured sheet-carrier concentration at room-temperature to the implant dose) for N concentrations of 2 x 10(19) cm(-3). The As and Sb implants out-diffuse during annealing and yield low (<20%) room-temperature electrical activation for implant concentrations of 10(19) cm(-3). The N and P implant depth distributions in SiC can be simulated using the Pearson IV distribution function and the range statistics provided by the empirical formulas. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. GE, Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0036-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 177ZB UT WOS:000079240000036 ER PT J AU Waters, RD Gruebel, MM AF Waters, RD Gruebel, MM TI Performance analysis for disposal of mixed low-level waste. I: Methodology SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB A simple methodology has been developed for evaluating the technical capabilities of potential sites for disposal of mixed low-level radioactive waste. The results of the evaluation are expressed as "permissible radionuclide concentrations in disposed waste." The methodology includes an analysis of three separate pathways: (1) releases of radionuclides to groundwater; (2) releases of potentially volatile radionuclides to the atmosphere; and (3) the consequences of inadvertent intrusion into a disposal facility. For each radionuclide, its limiting permissible concentration in disposed waste is the lowest of the permissible concentrations determined from each of the three pathways. These permissible concentrations in waste at an evaluated site can be used to assess the capability of the site to dispose of waste streams containing multiple radionuclides. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Waters, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 1999 VL 125 IS 3 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:3(249) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 168GE UT WOS:000078682700007 ER PT J AU Waters, RD Gruebel, MM AF Waters, RD Gruebel, MM TI Performance analysis for disposal of mixed low-level waste. II: Results SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Ten sites were evaluated as potential locations for disposal of mixed low-level radioactive waste using a simple methodology. Three environmental pathways (water, atmospheric, and inadvertent intruder) were analyzed using generic transport models that were modified for site-specific conditions. The results were summarized by grouping the 58 evaluated radionuclides according to their half-lives and environmental mobility and by their limiting pathway (i.e., the pathway providing the lowest permissible radionuclide concentration in disposed waste of the three evaluated pathways). The results indicate that all evaluated sites have the technical capability for disposal of some radionuclides in the waste. For most radionuclides, the intruder scenarios were more important in determining permissible radionuclide concentrations than the other pathways, particularly for arid sites. For humid sites, if the water pathway is not the most limiting and the permissible radionuclide concentration is high, a more sophisticated and rigorous analysis of the water pathway may not be warranted. However, if the permissible concentration is relatively low, more refined analyses may produce higher permissible concentrations based on additional site characterization data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Waters, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 1999 VL 125 IS 3 BP 258 EP 266 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:3(258) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 168GE UT WOS:000078682700008 ER PT J AU Jackson, BP Miller, WP Schumann, AW Sumner, ME AF Jackson, BP Miller, WP Schumann, AW Sumner, ME TI Trace element solubility from land application of fly ash/organic waste mixtures SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint AGU Chapman/SSSA Outreach Conference on Applications of GIS, Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Solute Transport Modeling to the Assessment of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone CY OCT 19-24, 1997 CL RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA SP AGU Chapman, SSSA ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; POULTRY LITTER; ASH; ADSORPTION; SOILS; ECOSYSTEMS; RESIDUES AB Use of ny ash (PA) as a soil amendment is hindered by a lack of macronutrients in the ash and concerns about trace element availability. Mixing FA with an organic waste can increase macronutrients while reducing odor and improving material handling, but the trace element solubility requires investigation. This study examined the trace element solubility and availability resulting from land application of such mired wastes. Two FAs were applied as mixtures with tither poultry litter (PL) or sewage sludge (SS) to field plots at rates 100 and 120 Mg ha(-1) for FA/PL and FA/SS, respectively. Suction cup lysimeters were used to collect soil solution, and trace element uptake was monitored in maize (Zea mays L.) leaf tissue and grain. Soluble B was initially >25 mg L-1 for one high B FA/PL mixture and led to initial toxicity in seedlings. Soil solution concentrations of dissolved C, P, As, Se, Mo, Cu, and Cr were increased in FA/PL field plots. For P, C, As, and Cu, increased solubility was due to increased load in the FA/PL mixtures, while for Mo, Se, and Cr, mixing fly ash with poultry litter appeared to increase solubilization from the ash when compared with an equivalent mass of FA mixed with sewage. Leaf tissue data confirmed an increase in available As from the FA/PL mixtures, while leaf tissue Se was more dependent on the total Se concentrations of the ash. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jackson, BP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM jackson@SREL.edu NR 30 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 639 EP 647 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175VN UT WOS:000079116500030 ER PT J AU Barnes, DC Hammer, J Hassam, A Hill, D Hoffman, A Hooper, B Kesner, J Miley, G Perkins, J Ryutov, D Sarff, J Siemon, RE Slough, J Yamada, M AF Barnes, DC Hammer, J Hassam, A Hill, D Hoffman, A Hooper, B Kesner, J Miley, G Perkins, J Ryutov, D Sarff, J Siemon, RE Slough, J Yamada, M TI Fusion energy science opportunities in emerging concepts SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE emerging concepts; alternate concepts; innovative concepts ID PLASMA; PINCH AB This paper summarizes some of the main conclusions and highlights of the Emerging Concepts Working Group (EC Group) of the Snowmass 1999 Fusion Summer Study. The EC Group considered technical challenges and opportunities related to emerging concept issues. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Washington, Washington, DC USA. Massachussetts Inst Technol, Boston, MA USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Barnes, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD MAR PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1023/A:1018814706158 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 420VW UT WOS:000168026800002 ER PT J AU Sheffield, J AF Sheffield, J TI Forecasts for the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE energy forecasts; fusion energy ID WORLD-POPULATION; GROWTH; ENERGY AB The population of the world is increasing, mainly in the developing world, and is projected to saturate within about 100 years at up to twice the present population of 6 billion people [1]. Studies [2,3,4] show that, historically, the population growth rate has varied inversely as the annual per capita energy use in most parts of the developing world, where per capita energy use is typically less than 1 tonne of oil equivalent energy per year. However, in areas with more than 2 to 3 tonnes of oil equivalent of energy per year per person the growth rate is around zero. If this trend continues, a stable world population will require, allowing for energy efficiency improvements, some 2 to 3 times the present annual energy use. There is an abundance of energy in the world both exploited and potential to meet this need-fossil, fission, and renewables-but it is not evenly distributed, some is costly, and there are issues of environmental pollution in present use, that may limit use. Fusion energy is a potential longer-term source with attractive environmental features. It is the least developed energy option and still faces a challenging development path, but there are many of areas of the world that would benefit hugely from its deployment from the latter part of the 21st century onward. and it is important to consider how it might be deployed. Most fusion power plant options considered today show an economy of scale, owing to the fixed distance needed for shielding fusion neutrons, tritium breeding and handling the heat loads. One interesting approach is to use the power plant to co-produce electricity and hydrogen to facilitate the introduction of lower cost-of-electricity, multi-gigawatt power plants [5]. C1 Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Joint Inst Energy & Enviornm, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sheffield, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD MAR PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1023/A:1018818807067 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 420VW UT WOS:000168026800004 ER PT J AU Mazzucato, E AF Mazzucato, E TI High field tokamaks for burning plasma experiments SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE tokamaks; burning plasmas AB A direct consequence of the ELMy H-mode regime of tokamaks is that, for a constant value of the energy gain Q, both the plasma linear dimension and the normalized plasma density and beta are decreasing functions of the toroidal magnetic field. In this paper, starting from the conditions foreseen for the latest versions of ITER, we derive the plasma parameters of three tokamak plasmas with a toroidal magnetic field of 8, 10, and 13 T. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Mazzucato, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD MAR PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1023/A:1018874924814 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 420VW UT WOS:000168026800007 ER PT J AU Fillingim, MO Moldwin, MB Rassoul, HK Parrish, P Thomsen, MF McComas, DJ AF Fillingim, MO Moldwin, MB Rassoul, HK Parrish, P Thomsen, MF McComas, DJ TI Angular distributions of suprathermal electrons observed at geosynchronous orbit SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA ANALYZER; EXPLORER; GEOS-2; FIELD; MODEL AB Six months of low-energy electron plasma data collected using the Los Alamos National Laboratory magnetospheric plasma, analyzer (MPA) onboard the geosynchronous satellite 1989-046 have been surveyed. The MPA instrument measures the three-dimensional energy per unit charge distributions of cold ions and electrons, allowing for the simultaneous determination of the angular distribution and ambient plasma regime. Suprathermal electrons in the energy range 15 to 200 eV were characterized by local time of occurrence, angular distribution, and ambient plasma regime. Results indicate a local time dependence in angular distributions, with trapped distributions, i.e., enhanced fluxes of particles with pitch angles near 90 degrees and 270 degrees, primarily being observed in the morning, coincident trapped and field-aligned angular distributions (enhanced fluxes of particles with pitch angles near 90 degrees and 270 degrees coincident with enhanced fluxes of particles with pitch angles near 0 degrees and 180 degrees) occurring around noon, a lack of detectable low-energy electron fluxes near dusk, and a complex combination of angular distributions on the nightside. When both trapped and field-aligned angular distributions are present, the field-aligned component generally has lower energy than the trapped component. Dayside field-aligned angular distributions are interpreted as being photoelectrons from the ionosphere, while trapped angular distributions are from the low-energy tail of the plasma sheet distribution, A plasma regime dependence in angular distributions was also observed. Plasma sheet angular distributions are generally isotropic or trapped. The plasma trough angular distributions are trapped or coincident trapped and field-aligned. Plasmaspheric electrons commonly have energies below our 15 eV threshold. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fillingim, MO (reprint author), Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM matt@geophys.washington.edu RI Moldwin, Mark/F-8785-2011 OI Moldwin, Mark/0000-0003-0954-1770 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A3 BP 4457 EP 4466 DI 10.1029/1998JA900031 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 171NK UT WOS:000078870000021 ER PT J AU Li, XL Baker, DN Teremin, M Cayton, TE Reeves, GD Selesnick, RS Blake, JB Lu, G Kanekal, SG Singer, HJ AF Li, XL Baker, DN Teremin, M Cayton, TE Reeves, GD Selesnick, RS Blake, JB Lu, G Kanekal, SG Singer, HJ TI Rapid enhancements of relativistic electrons deep in the magnetosphere during the May 15, 1997, magnetic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; SOLAR; WIND; ACCELERATION; DIFFUSION; SAMPEX; ORBIT AB Variations in 0.2-3.2 MeV electron flux in the magnetosphere during the May 15, 1997, magnetic storm (the largest magnetic storm of 1997) arc examined. After over an order of magnitude initial decrease of the 0.2-3.2 MeV electron fluxes, the 0.2-0.8 MeV electron flux at L < 4.5 increased and surpassed the prestorm level in an hour. This increase was followed by increases of the more energetic 0.8-3.2 MeV electron fluxes. These energetic electron variations are examined utilizing data from the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX), the Global Positioning System (GPS) series of satellites, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) sensors on board geosynchronous satellites. During the main phase of the storm, fluxes of >0.4-MeV electrons from SAMPEX decreased at L > 4.5 following the D-st drop but increased somewhat at L < 4. GPS satellite data also show that the electron flux decreased in the energy range 0.2-3.2 MeV for all L values above the minimum detectable L value of similar to 4.2 simultaneously with the decrease in D-st, which is consistent with an adiabatic process. However, the recovery of the electron flux was different at different energies, with an earlier recovery of the less energetic electrons and a later recovery of the more energetic electrons. The recovery of the electron fluxes started before the recovery of D-st, indicating that nonadiabatic processes were involved. The 0.2- to 0.8-MeV electrons appeared in the low-L region (4.2-4.5) at about the same time that the GOES 9 spacecraft measured a strong dipolarization of the Earth's stretched magnetic field. Outer zone electron fluxes continued to increase across a wide L range (L = 3-8) though the electron flux exhibited a strong spatial gradient, with the peak flux below L = 4.2 in the equatorial plane. These data are used to test the idea if radial transport from larger L can account for all of the increase in the flux in the heart of the outer zone electron radiation belt at L = 4-5. However, the radial gradient of the phase space density for a given first adiabatic invariant was estimated to be: negative as a function of radial distance during the time that the electron flux was increasing. This estimate is somewhat uncertain because of rapid temporal variations and sparse data. However, if this estimate is correct, the usual theory of radial transport from larger radial distances cannot account fur all of the increase in the electron flux. The analysis thus suggests that another process, such as local heating, which does not conserve mu, may be required to explain the subsequent enhancement of the more energetic (0.8- to 3.2-MeV) electrons but that additional data are required to answer this question definitely. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Aerospace Corp, Dept Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A3 BP 4467 EP 4476 DI 10.1029/1998JA900092 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 171NK UT WOS:000078870000022 ER PT J AU Fuselier, SA Elphic, RC Gosling, JT AF Fuselier, SA Elphic, RC Gosling, JT TI Composition measurements in the dusk flank magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PLASMA SHEET; ISEE OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETOPAUSE; TAIL; MANTLE AB The dusk flank magnetosphere exhibits significant structure. Several regions have been identified, including the plasma sheet, mantle, and low latitude boundary layer. Transitions from one region to the next, for example from the mantle to the plasma sheet, can be abrupt or indistinct. In addition, the density within the flank mantle can range over several orders of magnitude. Although there is significant structure in this region of the magnetosphere, individual regions often can be distinguished by their energy spectra and ion composition. ISEE Fast Plasma Experiment and Plasma Composition Experiment data are used to examine the composition of the mantle and to study a set of transitions from the mantle to the plasma sheet where plasmas with mantle-like and plasma sheet-like energies mix. This study indicates that the variability of the mantle density is largely due to variability in the solar wind component (H+ and He2+); the ionospheric plasma (O+) density is roughly constant. Similarly, the plasma with mantle-like energy found in the mixed region is largely of solar wind origin. C1 Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Dept H1 11, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fuselier, SA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Dept H1 11, Bldg 255,3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A3 BP 4515 EP 4522 DI 10.1029/1998JA900137 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 171NK UT WOS:000078870000026 ER PT J AU Daughton, W Gary, SP Winske, D AF Daughton, W Gary, SP Winske, D TI Electromagnetic proton/proton instabilities in the solar wind: Simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-BEAM INSTABILITIES; PROTON CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; WAVE GROWTH; ANISOTROPY; TRANSPORT AB Proton velocity distributions in the high-speed solar wind are sometimes observed as two components of approximately equal temperature with an average relative drift velocity parallel to the background magnetic field. This relative drift gives rise to several proton/proton instabilities; for representative parameters, linear Vlasov theory demonstrates that the electromagnetic modes most likely to grow are a magnetosonic instability and an Alfven instability. Two-dimensional initial value hybrid simulations of both instabilities are carried out in a homogeneous plasma. Enhanced fluctuating fields from both instabilities yield a reduction in the relative drift speed and a characteristic heating of the more tenuous component temperature perpendicular to the background magnetic field. Ensembles of simulations yield constraints on the fluctuating field energy density, the relative drift speed, and component anisotropies. Some of these constraints are cast as concise analytic expressions which may be indicators of proton/proton instability activity in the solar wind. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daughton, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS1, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013 NR 37 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A3 BP 4657 EP 4667 DI 10.1029/1998JA900105 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 171NK UT WOS:000078870000038 ER PT J AU Suess, ST Wang, AH Wu, ST Poletto, G McComas, DJ AF Suess, ST Wang, AH Wu, ST Poletto, G McComas, DJ TI A two-fluid, MHD coronal model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND MODEL; EULERIAN FICE SCHEME; 2-FLUID MODEL; ALFVEN WAVES; WHITE-LIGHT; SPEED; TEMPERATURE; DISRUPTION; STREAMERS; ULYSSES AB We describe first results from a numerical two-fluid MHD model of the global structure of the solar corona. The model is two-fluid in the sense that it accounts for the collisional energy exchange between protons and electrons. As in our single-fluid model, volumetric heat and momentum sources are required to produce high speed wind from coronal holes, low speed wind above streamers, and mass fluxes similar to the empirical solar wind. By specifying different proton and electron heating functions we obtain a high proton temperature in the coronal hole and a relatively low proton temperature above the streamer tin comparison with the electron temperature). This is consistent with inferences from SOHO/UltraViolet Coronagraph Spectrometer instrument (UVCS) [Kohl ct al., 1997], and with the Ulysses/Solar Wind Observations Over the Poles of the Sun instrument (SWOOPS) proton and electron temperature measurements which we show from the fast latitude scan. The density in the coronal hole between 2 and 5 solar radii (2 and 5 Rs) is similar to the density reported from SPARTAN 201-01 measurements by Fisher and Guhathakurta [1994]. The proton mass flux scaled to 1 AU is 2.4 x 10(8) cm(-2) s(-1), which is consistent with Ulysses observations [Phillips ct al., 1995]. Inside the closed field region, the density is sufficiently high so that the simulation gives equal proton and electron temperatures due to the high collision rate. In open field regions tin the coronal hole and above the streamer) the proton and electron temperatures differ by varying amounts. In the streamer the temperature and density are similar to those reported empirically by Li et al. [1998], and the plasma beta is larger than unity everywhere above similar to 1.5 Rs, as it is in all other MHD coronal streamer models [e.g., Steinolfson ct al., 1982; also G. A. Gary and D. Alexander, Constructing the coronal magnetic field, submitted to Solar Physics, 1998]. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Suess, ST (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, ES82, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM steve.suess@msfc.nasa.gov; wanga@cspar.uah.edu; wu@cspar.uah.edu; po-letto@arcetri.astro.it; mccomas@nis-pop.lanl.gov NR 51 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A3 BP 4697 EP 4708 DI 10.1029/1998JA900086 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 171NK UT WOS:000078870000041 ER PT J AU Clark, LB Appleby, MW Brunkow, ME Wilkinson, JE Ziegler, SF Ramsdell, F AF Clark, LB Appleby, MW Brunkow, ME Wilkinson, JE Ziegler, SF Ramsdell, F TI Cellular and molecular characterization of the scurfy mouse mutant SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME; PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE; SF MOUSE; T-CELLS; COSTIMULATORY MOLECULES; LYMPHORETICULAR DISEASE; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; X-CHROMOSOME; ACTIVATION AB Mice hemizygous (X-sf/Y) for the X-linked mutation scurfy (sf) develop a severe and rapidly fatal lymphoproliferative disease mediated by CD4(+)CD8(-) T lymphocytes, We have undertaken phenotypic and functional studies to more accurately identify the immunologic pathway(s) affected by this important mutation. Flow cytometric analyses of lymphoid cell populations reveal that scurfy syndrome is characterized by changes in several phenotypic parameters, including an increase in Mac-1(+) cells and a decrease in B220(+) cells, changes that may result from the production of extremely high levels of the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage CSF by scurfy T cells, Scurfy T cells also exhibit strong up-regulation of cell surface Ags indicative of in vivo activation, including CD69, CD25, CD80, and CD86, Both scurfy and normal T cells are responsive to two distinct signals provided by the TCR and by ligation of CD28; scurfy cells, however, are hyperresponsive to TCR ligation and exhibit a decreased requirement for costimulation through CD28 relative to normal controls, This hypersensitivity may result, in part, from increased costimulation through B7-1 and B7-2, whose expression is up-regulated on scurfy T cells. Although the specific defect leading to this hyperactivation has not been identified, we also demonstrate that scurfy T cells are less sensitive than normal controls to inhibitors of tyrosine kinases such as genistein and herbimycin A, and the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A. One interpretation of our data would suggest that the scurfy mutation results in a defect, which interferes with the normal down-regulation of T cell activation. C1 Chirosci R&D Inc, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ramsdell, F (reprint author), Chirosci R&D Inc, 1631 220th St SE, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. NR 33 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 162 IS 5 BP 2546 EP 2554 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 168NK UT WOS:000078699000014 PM 10072494 ER PT J AU Bergman, I Pohl, CR Venkataramanan, R Burckart, GJ Stabin, M Barmada, MA Griffin, JA Cheung, NKV AF Bergman, I Pohl, CR Venkataramanan, R Burckart, GJ Stabin, M Barmada, MA Griffin, JA Cheung, NKV TI Intrathecal administration of an anti-ganglioside antibody results in specific accumulation within meningeal neoplastic xenografts in nude rats SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE monoclonal antibody; leptomeningeal cancer; cerebrospinal fluid; pharmacokinetics; intrathecal therapy ID GD2-SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; DISIALOGANGLIOSIDE; MENINGITIS; MODEL; PHARMACOKINETICS; IMMUNOTOXIN; TUMORS AB Intrathecal (IT) administration of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) represents a new therapeutic approach For the treatment of leptomeningeal (LM) cancer, which is presently rapidly fatal. In this study, we quantitated the accumulation of an intrathecally administered anti-ganglioside G(D2) MAb (3F8) within leptomeningeal neoplastic xenografts of G(D2) positive melanoma and neuroblastoma in nude rats by measuring concentrations of radiolabeled and unmodified MAbs and by immunohistochemistry. Intrathecal administration of I-125-3F8 resulted in area under the tissue concentration versus time curve (AUC) values in SK-MEL-1 melanoma xenografts (53.1 mu Ci*h/g) that were 14-fold greater than in corresponding blood (3.9 mu Ci*h/g), whereas IT administration of a control nonspecific MAb resulted in AUC values in tumors (7.1 mu Ci*h/g) that were less than those in blood (9.5 mu Ci*h/g). Administration of acetazolamide and furosemide, which slow the clearance of IgG MAb from rat cerebrospinal fluid resulted in a fivefold increase in AUC of I-125-3F8 in melanoma (262.9 mu Ci*h/g). The highest concentrationof I-125-MAb in tumor after IT administration was seen at the first sampling time of 2 h, and this fell to 50% of maximum values at 8-16 h. Pharmacokinetic analysis of unmodified MAb demonstrated retention of MAb, within the LM space of animals with tumor. The concentration of MAb 3F8 appearing in serum after IT administration was 10-fold lower in animals with melanoma xenografts than in those without turner implants. Radiation dose estimates after intraventricular administration of radiolabeled MAb indicated delivery to turner of 1,870 rad/mCi of I-125-3F8 but only 40 rad/mCi of I-125-labeled control MAb. These results indicate that anti-ganglioside MAbs and other MAbs directed to tumor-associated antigens are excellent candidates for IT treatment of appropriate leptomeningeal cancers in humans. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Duquesne Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Bergman, I (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, 3705 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1 R29 CA58660-01A1] NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1053-8550 J9 J IMMUNOTHER JI J. Immunother. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 2 BP 114 EP 123 PG 10 WC Oncology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Oncology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 175QE UT WOS:000079105400003 PM 10093036 ER PT J AU Yu, JF Yin, DZ Min, XF Guo, ZL Zhang, J Wang, YX Knapp, FF AF Yu, JF Yin, DZ Min, XF Guo, ZL Zhang, J Wang, YX Knapp, FF TI Preparation of [Re-188]Rhenium sulfide suspension and its biodistribution following intra-tumor injection in mice SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE [Re-188]Rhenium sulfide; suspension; biodistribution; intra-tumor injection; tumor-bearing mouse ID RADIATION SYNOVECTOMY AB [Re-188]Rhenium sulfide suspension was prepared by the reaction of Na2S2O3 and KReO4 containing (NaReO4)-Re-188 in acid solution and assessed for its applicability in tumor treatment by the techniques of radioisotope interventional therapy. The reaction conditions such as the concentration ratio of Na2S2O3, to KReO4, heating time, ultrasonic time were optimized. The radiochemical yield of [Re-188]Rhenium sulfide suspension is more than 96% and in vitro stability studies demonstrated that more than 99% of the 188Re remained in sulfide form over a 72hrs period. The main particle size after various ultrasonic times is 1-5 mu m. [Re-188]Rhenium sulfide suspension was injected into tumors and the tumor-bearing mice were killed after some time to determine the retention of Re-188 in tumor and the leakage to different organs by gamma counter. The mean retention percentages of Re-188 in tumors were 83.08 +/- 13.71%, 83.92 +/- 9.79%, 80.23 +/- 3.82% and 78.75 +/- 3.02% at Ih, 24, 48 and 72hrs respectively. After 72hrs the highest activity outside the tumors was in the liver, spleen and the kidneys. Our preliminary results indicated that [Re-188]Rhenium sulfide suspension may be an effective radiopharmaceutical for tumor treatment by the techniques of radioisotope interventional therapy. C1 Acad Sinica, Shanghai Inst Nucl Res, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. Shanghai KEXING Pharmaceut Corp, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yu, JF (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Shanghai Inst Nucl Res, POB 800-204, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 3 BP 233 EP 243 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 170RB UT WOS:000078818900004 ER PT J AU Ciccarelli, G Fthenakis, VM Boccio, JL AF Ciccarelli, G Fthenakis, VM Boccio, JL TI A method of analysis for gas explosions: H2Se case study SO JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article DE gas explosion; hydrogen selanide AB This paper presents a methodology for conducting a simplified gas-explosion analysis when there are uncertainties about the amount of fuel involved and the mode of combustion. The methodology is illustrated by a case study of an explosion of a cloud of hydrogen-selenide (H2Se), nitrogen and air. Hydrogen-selenide (H2Se) diluted with N-2 is used in a reactor vessel to produce solar cells. An explosive mixture could be created if the reactor vessel failed and its contents mix with ambient air. Mixtures of 20% or 6% H2Se in N-2 were considered as feedstock into the reactor. It was determined theoretically that an explosion involving either mixture would challenge the reactor room's integrity. However, it is unlikely that a local ignition will propagate in the dilute 6% H2Se mixture, because its adiabatic flame temperature is only 850 K; the 20% mixture is borderline flammable. Because of the proximity of personnel to the reactor room and the high toxicity of H2Se, any damage to the room boundary is considered unacceptable. To prevent accidental mixing of H2Se with air in the reactor, a nitrogen buffer was installed between the reactor vessel and the ambient air. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-4230 J9 J LOSS PREVENT PROC JI J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0950-4230(98)00046-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 173EN UT WOS:000078968400004 ER PT J AU Lang, KM Mizel, A Mortara, J Hudson, E Hone, J Cohen, ML Zettl, A Davis, JC AF Lang, KM Mizel, A Mortara, J Hudson, E Hone, J Cohen, ML Zettl, A Davis, JC TI Search for superconductivity in lithium SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METALS; IMPURITIES AB We report on the results of a search for superconductivity in Li. We find no evidence for the predicted transition to superconductivity at any temperature down to 5 mK in magnetic fields down to 0.4 mu T. However, an unexpected Curie-Weiss temperature dependence in the magnetic susceptibility is observed. We discuss the possibility that this signal arises from the Li itself, the possibility that is arises from Kondo behavior, and the implications of the effect for the predicted T-c of Li. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lang, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hudson, Eric/C-2746-2008; Hone, James/E-1879-2011; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Hudson, Eric/0000-0001-7064-0351; Hone, James/0000-0002-8084-3301; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 114 IS 5-6 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1023/A:1021854204812 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 175EL UT WOS:000079080000003 ER PT J AU Karen, P Woodward, PM AF Karen, P Woodward, PM TI Synthesis and structural investigations of the double perovskites REBaFe2O5+w (RE = Nd, Sm) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-DEFICIENT PEROVSKITE; NEUTRON-POWDER-DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; LAYER STRUCTURE; YBA2FE3O8; CRYSTAL; OXIDE; NUCLEAR AB By selection of appropriately sized rare earth elements and suitable reaction atmosphere, a new double-perovskite-type iron oxide REBaFe2O5+w (RE = Nd and Sm) has been synthesized, with, ideally, all Fe atoms in square pyramidal coordinations when w = 0. Like in the related triple-perovskite-type YBa2Fe3O8+w, the added oxygen atoms w are accommodated in the RE layer. The homogeneity range in w is very wide, extending from 0.02(1) for RE = Sm and 0.050(6) for RE = Nd to w = 0.65 and w = 0.80, respectively, seen in O-2 at 985 degrees C without the upper homogeneity limit being crossed. The most reduced REBaFe2O5+w phases oxidize very easily, even at room temperature. The crystal structure, as seen at room temperature after quenching from ca. 1000 degrees C, is tetragonal, except for the most reduced compositions for RE = Sm (w < 0.045) and most oxidized compositions for RE = Nd (w = 0.69 as an example) which are orthorhombic. For samples with w = 0.5 low temperature (ca. 500 degrees C) annealing leads to ordering of the added oxygens within the rare earth layer. This ordering produces equal concentrations of square pyramidal and octahedral Fe3+. The ordered structure, a type which has not previously been observed, belongs to space group Pmna (no. 53) with a approximate to 4a(p), b approximate to a(p) and c approximate to 2a(p), where a(p) is the primitive cubic perovskite cell edge (a(p) approximate to 3.9 Angstrom). Structural refinements were obtained by applying the Rietveld method to synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Karen, P (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, POB 1033, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. RI Karen, Pavel/A-9062-2008 OI Karen, Pavel/0000-0003-2937-6477 NR 44 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 789 EP 797 DI 10.1039/a809302d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 177KZ UT WOS:000079210300027 ER PT J AU He, XM Lee, ST Bello, I Cheung, AC Lee, CS AF He, XM Lee, ST Bello, I Cheung, AC Lee, CS TI Characterization and optical properties of diamondlike carbon prepared by electron cyclotron resonance plasma SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED CARBON; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; SUBPLANTATION MODEL; BIAS VOLTAGE; FILM GROWTH; COATINGS; METHANE; ENERGY AB Diamondlike carbon (DLC) films have been prepared on radio-frequency (rf) biased substrates maintained at low temperature using electron cyclotron resonance CH4-Ar plasma. The effects of negative rf bias and reactant gas composition on the bonding structure, hardness, and resistivity of the films were systematically investigated. DLC films deposited on PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) were examined by optical methods to determine the absorption coefficients and the optical band gap. It was found that DLC films synthesized at bias voltage of -(80-100) V and F-CH4/F-Ar of 0.075-0.086 exhibit extreme hardness of more than 3000 kgf mm(-2), high electrical resistivity up to 10(14) Omega cm, band gap larger than 2.5 eV, and excellent optical transparency. The results indicate that ECR CH4-Ar plasma with low negative rf bias and suitable CH4/Ar gas ratio can process optically transparent and hard protective DLC films on PMMA plastics. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. RP He, XM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI LEE, Chun-Sing/0000-0001-6557-453X NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1055 EP 1061 DI 10.1557/JMR.1999.0140 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 235PB UT WOS:000082550300055 ER PT J AU Fan, D Chen, SP Chen, LQ AF Fan, D Chen, SP Chen, LQ TI Computer simulation of grain growth kinetics with solute drag SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY MOTION; PHASE; INTERFACES; ALLOYS AB The effects of solute drag on grain growth kinetics were studied in two-dimensional (2D) computer simulations by using a diffuse-interface field model. It is shown that, in the low velocity/low driving force regime, the velocity of a grain boundary motion departs from a linear relation with driving force (curvature) with solute drag. The nonlinear relation of migration velocity and driving force comes from the dependence of grain boundary energy and width on the curvature. The growth exponent m of power growth law for a polycrystalline system is affected by the segregation of solutes to grain boundaries. With the solute drag, the growth exponent m can take any value between 2 and 3, depending on the ratio of lattice diffusion to grain boundary mobility. The grain size and topological distributions are unaffected by solute drag, which are the same as those in a pure system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16862 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1113 EP 1123 DI 10.1557/JMR.1999.0147 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 235PB UT WOS:000082550300062 ER PT J AU Rawers, JC AF Rawers, JC TI High carbon-nitrogen iron alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FE AB A new processing technique produces high carbon-high nitrogen iron alloys by melting iron-carbon steels in a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) furnace with nitrogen as the pressurizing gas. Furnace cooling O-1 tool steel with enhanced nitrogen concentrations resulted in the retention of the austenite phase without formation of carbide and nitride precipitates. The duplex austenite/ferrite structure has enhanced hardness, strength, and wear resistance. (C) 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Rawers, JC (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 34 IS 5 BP 941 EP 944 DI 10.1023/A:1004571323025 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185BG UT WOS:000079647800007 ER PT J AU de Solorzano, CO Rodriguez, EG Jones, A Pinkel, D Gray, JW Sudar, D Lockett, SJ AF de Solorzano, CO Rodriguez, EG Jones, A Pinkel, D Gray, JW Sudar, D Lockett, SJ TI Segmentation of confocal microscope images of cell nuclei in thick tissue sections SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE confocal microscopy; image analysis; image segmentation; three-dimensional analysis ID SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; CYTOMETRY; TRANSFORM; BLOCKS AB Segmentation of intact cell nuclei from three-dimensional (3D) images of thick tissue sections is an important basic capability necessary for many biological research studies, However, segmentation is often difficult because of the tight clustering of nuclei in many specimen types. We present a 3D segmentation approach that combines the recognition capabilities of the human visual system with the efficiency of automatic image analysis algorithms. The approach first uses automatic algorithms to separate the 3D image into regions of fluorescence-stained nuclei and unstained background. This includes a novel step, based on the Hough transform and an automatic focusing algorithm to estimate the size of nuclei, Then, using an interactive display each nuclear region is shown to the analyst, who classifies itt as either an individual nucleus, a cluster of multiple nuclei, partial nucleus or debris, next, automatic image analysis based on morphological reconstruction and the watershed algorithm divides clusters into smaller objects, which are reclassified by the analyst. Once no more clusters remain, the analyst indicates which partial nuclei should be joined to form complete nuclei, The approach was assessed by calculating the fraction of correctly segmented nuclei for a variety of tissue types: Caenorhabditis elegans embryos (839 correct out of a total of 848), normal human skin (343/362), benign human breast tissue (492/525), a human breast cancer cell line grown as a xenograft in mice (425/479) and invasive human breast carcinoma (260/335), Furthermore, due to the analyst's involvement in the segmentation process, it is always known which nuclei in a population are correctly segmented and which not, assuming that the analyst's visual judgement is correct. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Canc, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM carlos@rmc.Ibl.gov RI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/G-3278-2010; OI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/0000-0001-8720-0205; Sudar, Damir/0000-0002-2510-7272 NR 27 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2720 EI 1365-2818 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 193 BP 212 EP 226 PN 3 PG 15 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 180WU UT WOS:000079409300004 ER PT J AU DeWoody, JA Chesser, RK Baker, RJ AF DeWoody, JA Chesser, RK Baker, RJ TI A translocated mitochondrial cytochrome b pseudogene in voles (Rodentia : Microtus) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter DE mtDNA; cytochrome b; pseudogene; Microtus; rodent; translocation ID NUCLEAR GENOME; DNA; SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; RATES; AMPLIFICATION; MAMMALS; GENE AB A full-length cytochrome b pseudogene was found in rodents; it has apparently been translocated from a mitochondrion to the nuclear genome in the subfamily Arvicolinae. The pseudogene (psi cytb) differed from its mitochondrial counterpart at 201 of 1143 sites (17.6%) and by four indels. Cumulative evidence suggests that the pseudogene has been translocated to the nucleus. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that the pseudogene arose before the diversification of M. arvalis/M. rossiaemeridionalis from M. oeconomus, but after the divergence of the peromyscine/sigmodontine/arvicoline clades some similar to 10 MYA. Published rates of divergence between mitochondrial genes and their nuclear pseudogenes suggest that the translocation of this mitochondrial gene to the nuclear genome occurred some 6 MYA, in agreement with the phylogenetic evidence. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP DeWoody, JA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI DeWoody, James/C-4909-2008 OI DeWoody, James/0000-0002-7315-5631 NR 18 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 48 IS 3 BP 380 EP 382 DI 10.1007/PL00013154 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 170MD UT WOS:000078808700019 PM 10093228 ER PT J AU Wiederrecht, GP Wasielewski, MR AF Wiederrecht, GP Wasielewski, MR TI Photorefractivity in crosslinked polymer-stabilized nematic liquid crystals SO JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL PHYSICS & MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; GAIN AB The observation of photorefractive gratings in new crosslinked polymer-stabilized liquid crystals (PSLCs) is discussed and compared to previous PSLCs. The PSLCs easily incorporate reduced or oxidized molecules that are present in a nematic liquid crystal at a concentration of 2 mol%. The PSLCs that are crosslinked provide improved photorefractive grating resolution, due to their improved functionality as an immobile electron trap. These materials are capable of functioning well into the Bragg diffraction regime. Photoconductivity experiments that support the photorefractive mechanism and a different charge transport mechanism than neat liquid crystals are also performed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wiederrecht, GP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1991 J9 J NONLINEAR OPT PHYS JI J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1142/S0218863599000084 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 194BH UT WOS:000080171900007 ER PT J AU Federici, G Anderl, RA Andrew, P Brooks, JN Causey, RA Coad, JP Cowgill, D Doerner, RP Haasz, AA Janeschitz, G Jacob, W Longhurst, GR Nygren, R Peacock, A Pick, MA Philipps, V Roth, J Skinner, CH Wampler, WR AF Federici, G Anderl, RA Andrew, P Brooks, JN Causey, RA Coad, JP Cowgill, D Doerner, RP Haasz, AA Janeschitz, G Jacob, W Longhurst, GR Nygren, R Peacock, A Pick, MA Philipps, V Roth, J Skinner, CH Wampler, WR TI In-vessel tritium retention and removal in ITER SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 18-22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE ITER; tritium inventory; divertor erosion; plasma facing materials; hydrogen retention ID INDUCED CHEMICAL EROSION; FUSION TEST REACTOR; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GRAPHITE; CARBON; DEUTERIUM; RELEASE; IMPACT; LAYER; MODEL AB Tritium retention inside the vacuum vessel has emerged as a potentially serious constraint in the operation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), In this paper we review recent tokamak and laboratory data on hydrogen, deuterium and tritium retention for materials and conditions which are of direct relevance to the design of ITER. These data, together with significant advances in understanding the underlying physics, provide the basis for modelling predictions of the tritium inventory in ITER. We present the derivation, and discuss the results, of current predictions both in terms of implantation and codeposition rates, and critically discuss their uncertainties and sensitivity to important design and operation parameters such as the plasma edge conditions, the surface temperature, the presence of mixed-materials, etc. These analyses are consistent with recent tokamak findings and show that codeposition of tritium occurs on the divertor surfaces primarily with carbon eroded from a limited area of the divertor near the strike zones. This issue remains an area of serious concern for ITER. The calculated codeposition rates for ITER are relatively high and the in-vessel tritium inventory limit could be reached, under worst assumptions, in approximately a week of continuous operation. We discuss the implications of these estimates on the design, operation and safety of ITER and present a strategy for resolving the issues. We conclude that as long as carbon is used in ITER and more generically in any other next-step experimental fusion facility fuelled with tritium - the efficient control and removal of the codeposited tritium is essential. There is a critical need to develop and test in situ cleaning techniques and procedures that are beyond the current experience of present-day tokamaks. We review some of the principal methods that are being investigated and tested, in conjunction with the R&D work still required to extrapolate their applicability to ITER. Finally, unresolved issues are identified and recommendations are made on potential R&D avenues for their resolution. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 ITER JWS Carching Coctr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, N York, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP ITER JWS Carching Coctr, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM federig@ipp.mpg.de OI Jacob, Wolfgang/0000-0003-3504-142X NR 56 TC 202 Z9 202 U1 8 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 14 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00876-9 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200004 ER PT J AU Terry, JL Lipschultz, B Bonnin, X Boswell, C Krasheninnikov, SI Pigarov, AY LaBombard, B Pappas, DA Scott, HA AF Terry, JL Lipschultz, B Bonnin, X Boswell, C Krasheninnikov, SI Pigarov, AY LaBombard, B Pappas, DA Scott, HA TI The experimental determination of the volume recombination rate in Tokamak diverters SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE recombination; atomic physics; hydrogen; detached plasmas; Alcator C-Mod ID ALCATOR C-MOD; PLASMA RECOMBINATION; HYDROGEN; SIMULATION; EMISSION; EDGE; CODE AB A method for evaluating the volume recombination rate within a cold (T-e less than or similar to 1 eV), relatively dense (n(e) greater than or similar to 1 x 10(21) m(-3)) plasma is described. These conditions often exist in the detached divertor plasmas of the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak. Temperatures less than or similar to 1 eV are measured spectroscopically. Densities in the 0.4 x 10(21)-2.5 x 10(21) m-3 range are measured using the Stark-broadened D-0 Balmer series lines. D-0 line emissions in both the Lyman and Balmer series show that the D-0 excited state populations (n greater than or similar to 3) in the recombining regions are close to those given by the Saha-Boltzmann distribution and are essentially independent of the ground state density. The intensities of lines from these excited states are related to the recombination rate. The number of recombinations per D-0 photon is a function of opacity of the Lyman series lines, T-e and n(e). Determinations of the recombination rates corresponding to the line intensities are made by using a collisional radiative model describing the level populations, ionization and recombination of D-0 and a model which accounts for the radiation transfer of the Lyman lines. The effects of the trapping of Lyman photons on the 'recombinations per photon' curves have been calculated using both modelling which considers only spatial diffusion of the photons and modelling by a radiative transfer code which calculates photon transport in space and frequency. Subject to imperfect knowledge of the 2D profiles of opacity and temperature, total recombination rates in the detached divertor plasma are determined. In the Alcator C-Mod divertor region, volume recombination can be a significant sink for ions under detached conditions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Terry, JL (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 175 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM terry@psfc.mit.edu RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00812-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200005 ER PT J AU Wade, MR West, WP Wood, RD Allen, SL Boedo, JA Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Hill, DN Hogan, JT Isler, RC Jackson, GL Lasnier, CJ Lehmer, R Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA Maingi, R Moyer, RA Osborne, TH Petrie, TW Schaffer, MJ Stambaugh, RD Watkins, JG Whyte, DG AF Wade, MR West, WP Wood, RD Allen, SL Boedo, JA Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Hill, DN Hogan, JT Isler, RC Jackson, GL Lasnier, CJ Lehmer, R Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA Maingi, R Moyer, RA Osborne, TH Petrie, TW Schaffer, MJ Stambaugh, RD Watkins, JG Whyte, DG TI Impurity enrichment and radiative enhancement using induced SOL flow in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE radiative divertor; impurity control; DIII-D; SOL transport; argon ID ASDEX UPGRADE; D DIVERTOR; EXHAUST; OPERATION; NEON; ITER; MODE AB Experiments on DIII-D have demonstrated the efficacy of using induced scrape-off-layer (SOL) flow to preferentially enrich impurities in the divertor plasma. This SOL flow is produced through simultaneous deuterium gas injection at the midplane and divertor exhaust. Using this SOL dow, an improvement in enrichment (defined as the ratio of impurity fraction in the divertor to that in the plasma core) has been observed for all impurities in trace-level experiments (i.e., impurity level is non-perturbative), with the degree of improvement increasing with impurity atomic number. In the case of argon, exhaust gas enrichment using modest SOL flow is as high as 17. Using this induced SOL flow technique and argon injection, radiative plasmas have been produced that combine high radiation losses (P-rad/P-input > 70%), low core fuel dilution (Z(eff) < 1.9), and good core confinement (tau(E) > 1.0 tau(E,ITER93H)) (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Wade, MR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM wade@gav.gat.com OI Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00813-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200007 ER PT J AU Brooks, JN Alman, D Federici, G Ruzic, DN Whyte, DG AF Brooks, JN Alman, D Federici, G Ruzic, DN Whyte, DG TI Erosion/redeposition analysis: status of modeling and code validation for semi-detached tokamak edge plasmas SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE carbon erosion; erosion/redeposition; ITER; tritium inventory ID DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION; ITER DIVERTOR; EROSION; BERYLLIUM; CODEPOSITION; GRAPHITE; IMPACT AB We are analyzing erosion and tritium codeposition for ITER, DIII-D, and other devices with a focus on carbon divertor and metallic wall sputtering, for detached and semi-detached edge plasmas. Carbon chemical-sputtering/hydrocarbon-transport is computed in detail using upgraded models for sputtering yields, species, and atomic and molecular processes. For the DIII-D analysis this includes proton impact and dissociative recombination for the fun methane and higher hydrocarbon chains. Several mixed material (Si-C doping and Be/C) effects on erosion are examined. A semi-detached reactor plasma regime yields peak net wall erosion rates of similar to 1.0 (Be), similar to 0.3 (Fe), and similar to 0.01 CN) cm/burn-yr, and similar to 50 cm/burn-yr for a carbon divertor. Net carbon erosion is dominated by chemical sputtering in the similar to 1-3 eV detached plasma zone. Tritium codeposition in divertor-sputtered redeposited carbon is high (similar to 10-20 g T/1000 s). Silicon and beryllium mixing tends to reduce carbon erosion. Initial hydrocarbon transport calculations for the DIII-D DiMES-73 detached plasma experiment show a broad spectrum of redeposited molecules with similar to 90% redeposition fraction. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ITER Joint Work Site, Garching Coctr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Brooks, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM brooks@anl.gov NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00822-8 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200009 ER PT J AU Whyte, DG Bastasz, R Brooks, JN Wampler, WR West, WP Wong, CPC Buzhinskij, OI Opimach, IV AF Whyte, DG Bastasz, R Brooks, JN Wampler, WR West, WP Wong, CPC Buzhinskij, OI Opimach, IV TI Divertor erosion in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE carbon erosion; chemical erosion; DiMES; detached plasma; DIII-D ID ASDEX-UPGRADE; JET; BOMBARDMENT; TRANSPORT; DEUTERIUM; CARBON AB Net erosion rates of carbon target plates have been measured in situ for the DIII-D lower divertor. For attached diverters (T-e > 40 eV), outer strike point (OSP) erosion rates exceed 10 cm/exposure-year, physical sputtering is dominant and the effective sputtering yield, Y, is greater than 10%. In detached diverters (T-e < 2 eV), the cold incident plasma eliminates physical sputtering and net erosion is suppressed at the OSP, which becomes a region of net redeposition (similar to 4 cm/exposure-year). Molecular spectroscopy indicates an upper limit of Y less than or equal to 0.1% for the chemical sputtering yield. The private flux wall is measured to be a region of net redeposition with dense, high neutral pressure, attached divertor plasmas. Leading edges intercepting parallel heat flux (similar to 50 MW/m(2)) have very high net erosion rates (similar to 10 mu m/s) at the OSP of an attached plasma. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. TRINITI Lab, Troitsk, Russia. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Whyte, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM whyte@gav.gat.com NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00572-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200010 ER PT J AU Osborne, TH Burrell, KH Groebner, RJ Lao, LL Leonard, AW Maingi, R Miller, RL Porter, GD Staebler, GM Turnbull, AD AF Osborne, TH Burrell, KH Groebner, RJ Lao, LL Leonard, AW Maingi, R Miller, RL Porter, GD Staebler, GM Turnbull, AD TI H-mode pedestal characteristics in ITER shape discharges on DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE H-mode; edge plasma; ELM; DIII-D ID BOOTSTRAP-CURRENT; TOKAMAKS; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; STABILITY; SHEAR; ELMS AB Characteristics of the II-mode pedestal are studied in Type I ELM discharges with ITER cross-sectional shape and aspect ratio. The scaling of the width of the edge steep gradient region, delta, which is most consistent with the data are with the normalized edge pressure, (beta(POL)(PED))(0.4). Fits of delta to a function of temperature, such as rho(POL), are ruled out in divertor pumping experiments. The edge pressure gradient is found to scale as would be expected from infinite n ballooning mode theory; however, the value of the pressure gradient exceeds the calculated first stable limit by more than a factor of 2 in some discharges. This high edge pressure gradient is consistent with access to the second stable regime for ideal ballooning for surfaces near the edge. In lower q discharges, including discharges at the ITER value of q, edge second stability requires significant edge current density. Transport simulations give edge bootstrap current of sufficient magnitude to open second stable access in these discharges. Ideal kink analysis using current density profiles including edge bootstrap current indicate that before the ELM these discharges may be unstable to low n, edge localized modes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Osborne, TH (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, 13-412,POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM osborne@gav.gat.com NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00814-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200018 ER PT J AU Andrew, P Brennan, D Coad, JP Ehrenberg, J Gadeberg, M Gibson, A Groth, M How, J Jarvis, ON Jensen, H Lasser, R Marcus, F Monk, R Morgan, P Orchard, J Peacock, A Pearce, R Pick, M Rossi, A Schunke, B Stamp, M von Hellermann, M Hillis, DL Hogan, J AF Andrew, P Brennan, D Coad, JP Ehrenberg, J Gadeberg, M Gibson, A Groth, M How, J Jarvis, ON Jensen, H Lasser, R Marcus, F Monk, R Morgan, P Orchard, J Peacock, A Pearce, R Pick, M Rossi, A Schunke, B Stamp, M von Hellermann, M Hillis, DL Hogan, J TI Tritium recycling and retention in JET SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE tritium retention; wall pumping; JET ID 1ST WALL; DEUTERIUM; DIVERTOR AB JET's 1997 Deuterium Tritium Experiment (DTE1) allows a detailed study of hydrogenic isotope recycling and retention in a pumped divertor configuration relevant to ITER. There appear to be two distinct forms of retained tritium. (1) A dynamic inventory which controls the fueling behaviour of a single discharge, and in particular determines the isotopic composition. This is shown to be consistent with neutral particle implantation over the whole vessel surface area. (2) A continually growing inventory, which plays a small role in the particle balance of a single discharge, but ultimately dominates the hydrogenic inventory for an experimental campaign comprising thousands of pulses. This will be the dominant retention mechanism in long-pulse devices like ITER. The JET retention scaled-up to ITER proportions suggests that ITER may reach its tritium inventory limit in less than 100 pulses. (C) 1999 JET Joint Undertaking, published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 JET Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Andrew, P (reprint author), JET Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. EM philip.andrew@jet.uk RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 23 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00662-X PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200021 ER PT J AU Allen, SL Fenstermacher, ME Greenfield, CM Hyatt, AW Maingi, R Porter, GD Wade, MR Bozek, AS Ellis, R Hill, DN Hollerbach, MA Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA Nilson, DG Petrie, TW Schaffer, MJ Smith, JP Stambaugh, RD Thomas, DM Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG Wood, RD AF Allen, SL Fenstermacher, ME Greenfield, CM Hyatt, AW Maingi, R Porter, GD Wade, MR Bozek, AS Ellis, R Hill, DN Hollerbach, MA Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA Nilson, DG Petrie, TW Schaffer, MJ Smith, JP Stambaugh, RD Thomas, DM Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG Wood, RD TI Studies of high-delta (baffled) and low-delta (open) pumped divertor operation on DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 18-22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE DIII-D; divertor ID PLASMAS AB We report new experimental results with the Radiative Divertor Project-outer baffle (RDP-OB) and cryopump in both upper single-null (USN) and double-null(DN) ELMing H-mode discharges. The baffled divertor reduced the core ionization (similar to 2-2.5x), in reasonable agreement with predictions from UEDGE/DEGAS modeling (similar to 3.75x). The upper cryopump achieved density control of n(e)/n(gw) similar to 0.22 (line density/Greenwald density) with Z(eff) similar to 2 in high-delta plasmas. The measured exhaust is comparable to the loser pump, except at lower core electron densities (n(e) < 5 x 10(19) m(-3)). Efficient impurity exhaust was obtained with deuterium SOL how. Preliminary experiments with DN operation has shown that the particle exhaust to the upper pump depends on the up/down magnetic balance. Preliminary experiments indicate that the DN exhaust is roughly 40-50% of the USN exhaust at n(e) similar to 4 x 10(19) m(-3). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM allens@gav.gat.com NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00523-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200023 ER PT J AU Wampler, WR Labombard, B Lipschultz, B McCracken, GM Pappas, DA Pitcher, CS AF Wampler, WR Labombard, B Lipschultz, B McCracken, GM Pappas, DA Pitcher, CS TI Molybdenum erosion measurements in Alcator C-Mod SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE Alcator C-Mod; erosion; molybdenum; ion-beam analysis AB Erosion of molybdenum was measured on a set of 21 tiles after a run campaign of 1090 shots in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The net erosion of molybdenum was determined from changes in the depth of a thin chromium marker layer measured by Rutherford backscattering. Net Mo erosion was found to be approximately 150 nm near the outer divertor strikepoint and march less everywhere else. Gross erosion rates by sputtering were estimated using ion energies and fluxes obtained from Langmuir probe measurements of edge-plasma conditions. Predicted net erosion using calculated gross erosion with prompt redeposition agrees with measured net erosion within a factor of three. Sputtering by impurities, mainly boron, dominates erosion. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1111, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. JET Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Wampler, WR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1111, MS 1056,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wrwampl@sandia.gov RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684 NR 8 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00663-1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200029 ER PT J AU Krasheninnikov, SI Rensink, M Rognlien, TD Kukushkin, AS Goetz, JA LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B Terry, JL Umansky, M AF Krasheninnikov, SI Rensink, M Rognlien, TD Kukushkin, AS Goetz, JA LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B Terry, JL Umansky, M TI Stability of the detachment front in a tokamak divertor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE tokamak; detachment; stability; impurity; recombination ID ALCATOR C-MOD; PLASMAS AB Experimental observations show that when a divertor plasma detaches, radiation regions (fronts) move towards the X-point. This indicates that the localization of the fronts in the divertor is unstable. We study theoretically the stability of detached divertor operation and compare our results with experimental data. We show that the impurity radiation and plasma recombination effects play a crucial role in the evolution of detached plasma parameters. In the tokamak SOL these effects result in the saturation of upstream plasma density and temperature as the total number of particles (ions and neutrals) in the SOL is increased, and cause both impurity radiation and ionization-recombination fronts propagation towards the X-point. These conclusions are supported by experimental data from Alcator C-Mod. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, ITER Garching Joint Work Site, D-85748 Garching, Germany. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow 123098, Russia. RP Krasheninnikov, SI (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 167 Albany St,Room NW 16-234,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM krash@psfc.mit.edu RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684 NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00577-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200035 ER PT J AU Cohen, RH Cid, RE Hooper, EB Molvik, AW Porter, GD Ryutov, DD AF Cohen, RH Cid, RE Hooper, EB Molvik, AW Porter, GD Ryutov, DD TI Sheath over a finely structured divertor plate SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE secondary electron; sheath; surface roughness ID TILTED MAGNETIC-FIELD; PERFORMANCE; SURFACE; PLASMA AB The surface of a divertor plate typically has fine structure. Depending on the material and the duration of exposure to the plasma, the characteristic size of the surface imperfections may vary over a broad range. In this paper, we consider the case where these structures have a scale height h that is greater than the electron gyroradius rho(e). The magnetic field intersects the divertor plate at a shallow angle alpha << 1. The present paper demonstrates that the combination of these two factors, fine surface structures and strongly tilted magnetic field, gives rise to many interesting new phenomena in the sheath. It is shown that the fraction of the surface 'wetted' by the plasma electrons is much less than that 'wetted' by the plasma ions. It is noted that, for alpha << 1, secondary electron emission for a rough surface may be considerably larger than for a flat surface. A description of a dedicated experiment for the study of plasma interaction with structured surfaces in a tilted magnetic field is presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cohen, RH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-630, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rcohen@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 258 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00664-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200036 ER PT J AU Guilhem, D Hogan, J Aniel, T Boddeker, S Grisolia, C Hoang, T Martin, G Meslin, B Mitteau, R Reichle, R Vallet, JC AF Guilhem, D Hogan, J Aniel, T Boddeker, S Grisolia, C Hoang, T Martin, G Meslin, B Mitteau, R Reichle, R Vallet, JC TI Limiter heat load and consequences on impurity source and transport SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE graphite wall; impurity release; power handling; thermal desorption; water cooling ID TORE-SUPRA; CHEMICAL EROSION; GRAPHITE AB Power deposition and consequences during short pulse operation t < 2 s, on non-actively cooled limiter (low held side) and large actively cooled inner-mall limiter (high field side) of Tore-Supra as well as long pulse operation t > 20 s (plasma limited by the inner wall) are reported. Infrared surface temperature measurements, thermocouples and Langmuir probes are used to diagnose the inner wall front face. They are presented for the first time and are complemented by measurements of a reciprocating Langmuir probe located at the top of the machine. A diagram of injected energy versus power shows how difficult it is to run high power long pulses in steady state conditions, which is one of the main goals for the next step fusion machine. An uncontrolled density rise is observed during long pulse operation (P-LHCD < 2.5 MW, time duration > 20 s). It is believed that it is due to recessed elements heated by plasma or due fast particle losses due to the ripple. The CIEL project will implement in Tore-Supra a set of actively cooled plasma facing components so that the performance of long pulse, high power shots should be improved. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEN Cadarache, DRFC, SPPF, Assoc EURATOM CEA, F-13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Guilhem, D (reprint author), CEN Cadarache, DRFC, SPPF, Assoc EURATOM CEA, F-13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France. EM guilhem@drfc.cad.cea.fr RI ANIEL, Thierry/G-8734-2011 OI ANIEL, Thierry/0000-0002-2598-9551 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00578-9 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200038 ER PT J AU Fenstermacher, ME Allen, SL Hill, DN Isler, RC Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Petrie, TW Porter, GD West, WP Whyte, DG Wood, RD AF Fenstermacher, ME Allen, SL Hill, DN Isler, RC Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Petrie, TW Porter, GD West, WP Whyte, DG Wood, RD TI Evolution of 2D deuterium and impurity radiation profiles during transitions from attached to detached divertor operation in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE DIII-D; detached plasma; radiative divertor; 2D measurement; deuterium emission; recombination; ionization front; carbon impurities ID INJECTION; PLASMAS; TOKAMAK AB This paper presents the detailed evolution of conditions along both the inner and outer divertor legs during the transition from attached ELMing II-mode to partially detached divertor (PDD) operation in DIII-D. Visible emission profiles in a poloidal plane show that in ELMing H-mode prior to deuterium gas injection, CIII emission peaks in the inner SOL near the X-point and deuterium emission (from ionization and recombination) peaks at the inner target plate near the inner strike point (SP). The spatial profil of the recombination and ionization zones, determined by forming images of the ratio of intensities from simultaneous images of D-alpha and D-gamma emission, show that recombination dominates the inner leg emission near the target; ionization dominates in a polidally narrow zone upstream in the inner leg. After deuterium injection, when the PDD transition begins, the profil of carbon visible emission show first an increase in the inner SOL near the X-point, followed by increases in emission in the lower regions of the outer leg. Deuterium emission at the transition onset decreases at the ISP and increases across the private flux region below the X-point. As the transition to PDD conditions proceeds the deuterium emission increases in the private flux region; recombination dominates near the floor nd ionization higher near the X-point. Carbon emission appears along both divertor legs and at the X-point. In the final quasi-steady PDD state, the recombination emission in the outer leg is near the separatrix and along the target plate; emission from collisional excitation dominates in the upper part of the outer leg just below the X-point, and carbon emission is localized at the X-point. These results suggest that transport of neutral deuterium between the inner and outer divertor legs through the private flux region plays an important role in the initiation of outer leg detachment in DIII-D. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Fenstermacher, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM max.fenstermacher@gat.com OI Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00581-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200051 ER PT J AU Isler, RC Brooks, NH West, WP Leonard, AW McKee, GR Porter, GD AF Isler, RC Brooks, NH West, WP Leonard, AW McKee, GR Porter, GD TI Spectroscopic measurements of impurity temperatures and parallel ion flows in the DIII-D divertor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE flow; flow reversal; Doppler broadening; divertor spectroscopy; DIII-D ID LAYER AB dImpurity ion temperatures and parallel flow velocities in the DIII-D divertor have been measured from the shapes and shifts of visible spectral lines of C II, C III, and B II. Spectral multiplet patterns are analyzed by fitting them to theoretical profiles that incorporate exact calculations for the Zeeman/Paschen-Back effect.. Both normal flows toward the target plate and reversed hows away from the target plate are observed in the outer divertor leg; only flows toward the plate are detected in the inner leg. (C) 1999 Elsevier science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Isler, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM isler@gav.gat.com OI Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 376 EP 379 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00824-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200056 ER PT J AU Jackson, GL Murakami, M Staebler, GM Wade, MR Messiaen, AM Ongena, J Unterberg, B Boedo, JA Evans, TE Hyatt, AW LaHaye, RJ Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW McKee, GW Maingi, R Moyer, RA Petrie, TW West, WP AF Jackson, GL Murakami, M Staebler, GM Wade, MR Messiaen, AM Ongena, J Unterberg, B Boedo, JA Evans, TE Hyatt, AW LaHaye, RJ Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW McKee, GW Maingi, R Moyer, RA Petrie, TW West, WP TI Enhanced confinement discharges in DIII-D with neon and argon induced radiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 18-22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE DIII-D; tokamak operations; neon; graphite ID TOKAMAK; PLASMAS AB Enhanced energy confinement in discharges with impurity induced radiating power fractions, P-rad/P-in, from 50% to 100% have been observed in the DIII-D tokamak with neon and argon gas puffing. These radiating mantle enhanced confinement discharges have been obtained in the DIII-D tokamak under a variety of conditions: diverted and limited configurations with both an H-mode and L-mode edge. Confinement enhancements as high as the ELM free H-mode scaling relation have been obtained with impurity gas puffing, although operation at the highest densities is transient. Similarities and differences between these DIII-D discharges and RI-mode discharges obtained in the TEXTOR tokamak are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. ERM, Brussels, Belgium. Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM jackson@gav.gat.com OI Unterberg, Bernhard/0000-0003-0866-957X NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 380 EP 385 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00653-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200057 ER PT J AU Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC Lasnier, CJ Maingi, R Mahdavi, MA AF Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC Lasnier, CJ Maingi, R Mahdavi, MA TI Fueling efficiency of pellet injection on DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE fueling; DIII-D; pellets ID MODE DISCHARGES; ASDEX UPGRADE; PLASMA; ABLATION AB Pellet injection has been used on the DIII-D tokamak to study density limits and particle transport in II-mode and inner wall limited L-mode plasmas. These experiments have provided a variety of conditions to examine the fueling efficiency of pellets injected into DIII-D plasmas. The fueling efficiency, defined as the total increase in number of plasma electrons divided by the number of pellet fuel atoms, is determined by measurements of density profiles before and just after pellet injection. We have found that there is a decrease in the pellet fueling efficiency with increased neutral beam injection power. The pellet penetration depth also decreases with increased neutral beam injection power so that, in general, fueling efficiency increases with penetration depth. The fueling efficiency is generally 25% lower in ELMing H-mode discharges than in I-mode due to an expulsion of particles with a pellet triggered ELM. A comparison with fueling efficiency data from other tokamaks shows similar behavior. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Baylor, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM baylorlr@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 457 EP 461 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00585-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200070 ER PT J AU Causey, R Wilson, K Venhaus, T Wampler, WR AF Causey, R Wilson, K Venhaus, T Wampler, WR TI Tritium retention in tungsten exposed to intense fluxes of 100 eV tritons SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE tritium retention; tungsten; outgassing; ITER ID DEUTERIUM RETENTION AB Tungsten is a candidate material for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) as well as other future magnetic fusion energy devices. Tungsten is well suited for certain fusion applications in that it has a high threshold for sputtering as well as a very high melting point. As with all materials to be used on the inside of a tokamak or similar device, there is a need to know the behavior of hydrogen isotopes embedded in the material. With this need in mind, the Tritium Plasma Experiment (TPE) has been used to examine the retention of tritium in tungsten exposed to very high fluxes of 100 eV tritons. Both tungsten and tungsten containing 1% lanthanum oxide were used in these experiments. Measurements were performed over the temperature range of 423-973 K. After exposure to the tritium plasma, the samples were transferred to an outgassing system containing an ionization chamber for detection of the released tritium. The samples were outgassed using linear ramps from room temperature up to 1473 K. Unlike most other materials exposed to energetic tritium, the tritium retention in tungsten reaches a maximum at intermediate temperatures with low retention at both high and low temperatures. For the very high triton fluences used (>10(25) T/m(2)), the fractional retention of the tritium was below 0.02% of the incident particles. This report presents not only the results of the tritium retention, but also includes the modeling of the results and the implication for ITER and other future fusion devices where tungsten is used. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Causey, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS9161, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM causey@ca.sandia.gov NR 12 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 467 EP 471 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00538-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200072 ER PT J AU Colchin, RJ Maingi, R Allen, SL Greenfield, CM Wade, MR AF Colchin, RJ Maingi, R Allen, SL Greenfield, CM Wade, MR TI Effects of particle exhaust on neutral compression ratios in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 18-22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE DIII-D; divertor pumping; pumping; particle control; wall conditioning ID TOKAMAK; PRESSURE AB In this paper, neutral particles in DIII-D are studied via their compression in the plenum and via particle exhaust. The compression of gas in the plena is examined in terms of the magnetic field configuration and wall conditions. DIII-D compression ratios are observed in the range from 1 to greater than or equal to 1000. Particle control ultimately depends on the exhaust of neutrals via plenum or wall pumping. Wall pumping or outgassing is calculated by means of a detailed particle balance throughout individual discharges, and its effect on particle control is discussed. It is demonstrated that particle control through wall conditioning leads to lower normalized densities. A two-region model shows that the gas compression ratio (C-div, = divertor plenum neutral pressure/torus neutral pressure) can be interpreted in relation to gas flows in the torus and divertor including the pumping speed of the plenum cryopumps, plasma pumping, and the pumping or outgassing of the walls. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM colchinrj@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 472 EP 477 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00539-X PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200073 ER PT J AU Guirlet, R Hogan, J Cherigier, L DeMichelis, C Ghendrih, P Grosman, A Guilhem, D Meslin, B Monier-Garbet, P AF Guirlet, R Hogan, J Cherigier, L DeMichelis, C Ghendrih, P Grosman, A Guilhem, D Meslin, B Monier-Garbet, P TI Carbon and neon penetration near a neutraliser plate of the Tore Supra ergodic divertor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE ergodic divertor; impurity screening; penetration; plasma edge; spectroscopy ID ELECTRON-IMPACT-EXCITATION AB The ergodic divertor (ED) of Tore Supra has been shown to diminish core impurity contamination. To assess this effect on injected neon a scan in ED perturbation intensity is reported. Spectroscopic observations of neon on an ED neutraliser plate (NP) show that the penetration of low neon ionisation stages increases with the perturbation intensity while the ratio of the edge to central neon density increases. A scan in volume average density is also reported, showing that, at maximum ED perturbation, the carbon penetration decreases with increasing densities up to values close to detachment. Modelling of these experiments with the 2D code IMPEN and the 3D code BBQ shows the importance of a realistic description of the neutral source and of n(e) and T-e in the vicinity of the NP. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CE Cadarache, Assoc EURATOM CEA Fus, F-13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Fac Sci St Jerome, PIIM, F-13397 Marseille, France. RP Guirlet, R (reprint author), CE Cadarache, Assoc EURATOM CEA Fus, F-13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France. EM guirlet@drfc.cad.cea.fr NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 513 EP 519 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00831-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200080 ER PT J AU Lasnier, CJ Hill, DN Allen, SL Fenstermacher, ME Leonard, AW Petrie, TW Porter, GD Watkins, JG AF Lasnier, CJ Hill, DN Allen, SL Fenstermacher, ME Leonard, AW Petrie, TW Porter, GD Watkins, JG TI Scaling and profiles of heat flux during partial detachment in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE DIII-D; heat flux to divertor; IRTV; MARFE; radiative divertor; scaling law; power disruption; erosion ID CONVECTION AB We examine the scaling of the peak divertor heat flux and total divertor plate power in partially detached divertor (PDD) discharges in DIII-D, as a function of input power and radiated power. The peak divertor heat flux in the attached plasma increases linearly with input power, but saturates in the detached cases. The total divertor plate power remains linear with input power in both the attached and detached plasmas. This is consistent with the fact that the heat flux peak is reduced from the attached case but other areas receive increased radiant heating from the detached plasma. The divertor plate radiant heating is linear with input power because the total radiated power from the entire plasma is a linear function of input power in both attached and detached plasma. In the private flux region, radiated heat flux absorbed on the target plate calculated from bolometer data is enough to account for the measured plate heating. Approximately half of the overall plate heating power in detached plasma is due to absorbed radiation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Lasnier, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lasnier@gav.gat.com NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 577 EP 580 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00544-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200092 ER PT J AU Loarte, A Bosch, S Chankin, A Clement, S Herrmann, A Hill, D Itami, K Lingertat, J Lipschultz, B McCormick, K Monk, R Porter, GD Shimada, M Sugihara, M AF Loarte, A Bosch, S Chankin, A Clement, S Herrmann, A Hill, D Itami, K Lingertat, J Lipschultz, B McCormick, K Monk, R Porter, GD Shimada, M Sugihara, M TI Multi-machine scaling of the divertor peak heat flux and width for L-mode and H-mode discharges SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE database; II-mode; IRTV; ITER; L-mode; power deposition; power peaking; SOL power; SOL thickness ID DIII-D; ASDEX-UPGRADE; PLASMA; ELMS; ITER AB The ITER divertor power deposition database is described and analysed in this paper. The database contains experimental measurements from the major divertor experiments in L-mode and H-mode regimes. These measurements are used to derive multi-machine scaling laws for the peak divertor heat flux and width, particularly of their machine size dependence. The physical basis for these scalings is discussed and the laws obtained are used to extrapolate from existing experiments to the parameters expected in the ITER-EDA device. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, NET Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EURATOM Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. JET Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. MIT, Ctr Plasma Fus, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. ITER Joint Cent Team, Joint Working Site, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Loarte, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, NET Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM loartea@sat.ipp-garcking.mpg.de RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; Bosch, Hans-Stephan/F-9527-2015 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; NR 17 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 587 EP 592 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00590-X PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200094 ER PT J AU Maingi, R Mahdavi, MA Petrie, TW Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC La Haye, RJ Hyatt, AW Wade, MR Watkins, JG Whyte, DG AF Maingi, R Mahdavi, MA Petrie, TW Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC La Haye, RJ Hyatt, AW Wade, MR Watkins, JG Whyte, DG TI Density limit studies on DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE density limits; divertor detachment; MARFE; pellet fueling; divertor pumping ID DISCHARGES; INJECTION AB We have studied the processes limiting plasma density and successfully achieved discharges with density similar to 50% above the empirical Greenwald scaring with H-mode energy confinement. This was accomplished by density profile control, enabled through pellet injection and divertor pumping. Several density-limiting mechanisms, including MARFEs and pellet loss processes, were successfully avoided. Finally we have looked in detail at the first and most common density limit process in DIII-D, total divertor detachment, and found that the local upstream separatrix density (n(e)(sep.det)) at detachment onset (partial detachment) increases with the scrape-off layer heating power, P-heat, i.e. n(e)(sep.det) similar to P-heat(0.8). This is in marked contrast to the line-average density at detachment which is insensitive to the heating power. Our data are in reasonable agreement with the Borass model, which predicted that the upstream density at detachment would increase as P-heat(0.7). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Maingi, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM maingi@gav.gat.com NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 598 EP 603 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00592-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200096 ER PT J AU Petrie, TW Maingi, R Porter, GD Allen, SL Fenstermacher, ME Groebner, RJ Hill, DN Leonard, AW Lasnier, CJ Mahdavi, MA Moyer, RA Rensink, ME Thomas, DM West, WP AF Petrie, TW Maingi, R Porter, GD Allen, SL Fenstermacher, ME Groebner, RJ Hill, DN Leonard, AW Lasnier, CJ Mahdavi, MA Moyer, RA Rensink, ME Thomas, DM West, WP CA DIII-D Team TI The role of neutrals in the H-L back transition of high density single-null and double-null gas-fueled discharges in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE divertor; density limit; detachment; ELMy H-mode ID DIVERTOR; INJECTION AB The role of neutrals in triggering the H-L back transition in high density ELMing H-mode plasmas is explored in double-null (DN) and single-null (SN) divertors. We propose that the neutral particle buildup below the X-point may play an important role in triggering the H-L transition at high density. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Petrie, TW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. EM petrie@gav.gat.com NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 642 EP 647 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00598-4 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200103 ER PT J AU Rognlien, TD Porter, GD Ryutov, DD AF Rognlien, TD Porter, GD Ryutov, DD TI Influence of E x B and del B drift terms in 2-D edge/SOL transport simulations SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE UEDGE; divertor modeling; electric field; E x B drift; ion grad-B drift; DIII-D ID DIVERTOR; TOKAMAK; PLASMA; CURRENTS; FIELD AB Classical particle drifts across the magnetic field can play an important role in tokamak edge-plasma transport. The relative influence of these terms is studied for self-consistent simulations by including them, together with anomalous diffusion transport, in a 2-D fluid model of edge-plasma transport for the DIII-D tokamak geometry. The drifts cause asymmetries in the plasma parameters between the inner and outer divertor regions which depend on the direction of the magnetic field, B. The basic results can be understood by dividing the drifts into three categories: diamagnetic, E x B, and del B. The dominant effect near the divertor plates is from the E x B drifts, while the weaker del B drifts cause an increase in the magnitude of the radial electric field inside the magnetic separatrix. The diamagnetic terms, defined here as divergence free, do not contribute to transport. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rognlien, TD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-630, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM trognlien@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 654 EP 659 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00835-6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200105 ER PT J AU Ruggieri, R Gauthier, E Hogan, J Layet, JM Loarer, T AF Ruggieri, R Gauthier, E Hogan, J Layet, JM Loarer, T TI Chemical sputtering from the pump limiter neutralizer in Tore Supra SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 18-22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE Tore Supra; chemical erosion; carbon ID EROSION; GRAPHITE; IMPACT AB Carbon is widely used as plasma facing component in present fusion devices and is proposed for the divertor plates of ITER. The improvement in the control of the plasma edge parameters, limiting the power flux and the electron temperature in the divertor leads to an acceptable erosion rate of carbon due to physical sputtering and radiation enhanced sublimation. In these conditions, chemical sputtering will probably be the main mechanism of erosion for the carbon plate. Tn situ measurements of hydrocarbon production on the neutralizer plate of an outboard pump limiter have been obtained in Tore Supra. CD4 has been monitored by means of optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry for different electron temperatures and densities. Simulations performed with a Monte Carlo code (BBQ), show a good agreement with experimental data at high flux, low electron temperature. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Fac Sci & Tech St Jerome, Equipe Plasma Surface, Lab Phys Interact Ion & Mol, CNRS,UMR 6633, F-13397 Marseille 200, France. RP CEA Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RI GAUTHIER, Eric/E-1076-2011 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 660 EP 665 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00892-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200106 ER PT J AU Sugihara, M Federici, G Grisolia, C Ghendrih, P Hogan, JT Janeschitz, G Pacher, G Post, DE AF Sugihara, M Federici, G Grisolia, C Ghendrih, P Hogan, JT Janeschitz, G Pacher, G Post, DE TI Simulation of transient wall pumping, fuelling effects and density control in tokamaks SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE hydrogen retention; ITER; particle control; particle transport; Tore Supra; wall absorption; wall fuelling; wall pumping ID TORE SUPRA; PLASMA; JET AB dA dynamical model has been developed which solves a time-dependent coupled system of equations for the (I) plasma density and (2) hydrogenic concentrations in the implantation layer of several representative plasma facing/limiting walls in tokamaks in order to examine the density behaviour during the transient phase of discharges as well as long pulse discharges, which are dominated by the wall pumping/fuelling characteristics. A 1-D plasma particle transport code including a model for the SOL and an analytical neutral transport model has been used to describe the plasma particle transport processes. The Local Mixing Model with some adaptations has been used to describe the behaviour of the hydrogenic concentrations in the walls. The new model significantly improves the simulation of a Tore Supra experiment with a transition from limiting the plasma on the outer limiter to limiting the plasma on the inner wall compared our previous, more simple model. Long pulse discharges in Tore Supra are examined by the more simplified model to identify the dominant mechanisms for the constant particle absorption mechanisms. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MPI Plasmaphys, ITER JWS Garching Co Ctr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EURATOM Assoc, CEA, CE Cadarache, St Paul Durance, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Ctr Canadien Fus Magnet, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. RP Sugihara, M (reprint author), MPI Plasmaphys, ITER JWS Garching Co Ctr, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM sugiham@sat.ipp-garching.mpg.de RI Post, Douglass/L-3773-2014 OI Post, Douglass/0000-0001-9271-0023 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 691 EP 696 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00677-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200111 ER PT J AU Wolf, NS Porter, GD Hill, DN Allen, SL AF Wolf, NS Porter, GD Hill, DN Allen, SL TI Effect of divertor geometry on plasma detachment in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE UEDGE; radiative divertor; deuterium; detached plasma AB UEDGE simulation of the radiative divertor plasma (RDP) (nearly closed divertor) in DIII-D indicates a 40% reduction in the core density necessary for fully detached pure deuterium plasmas at 3 MW core power. Including intrinsic carbon impurities to the UEDGE model expands the region for fully detached plasmas and further reduces the necessary core density for this state. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Dickinson Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Wolf, NS (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, 13-451,POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM wolfn@gav.gat.com NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 739 EP 741 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00839-3 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200119 ER PT J AU Arkhipov, N Bakhtin, V Kurkin, S Safronov, V Toporkov, D Vasenin, S Zhitlukhin, A Rockett, P Hunter, J AF Arkhipov, N Bakhtin, V Kurkin, S Safronov, V Toporkov, D Vasenin, S Zhitlukhin, A Rockett, P Hunter, J TI Absolute VUV spectroscopy of an eroding graphite target using a calibrated CCD camera SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE spectroscopy; graphite; plasma facing material AB Absolute VUV spectroscopy of a graphite target plasma was performed on the MK-200UG installation (TRINITI) in cooperation with a Sandia National Laboratory team. The incoming hydrogen plasma stream had an energy density of 1.5 kJ/cm(2) and a pulse duration of 40 mu s in a longitudinal magnetic field of 25 kG, The plasma facing component (PFC) under evaluation was a POGO graphite plate that was placed normal to the plasma stream and to the magnetic field. Spectroscopy was performed with a high-spatial frequency transmission grating spectrometer that was coupled to a 1024 x 1024 CCD camera. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Fus Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res TRINITI, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Reg, Russia. RP Rockett, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Fus Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pdrocke@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 751 EP 753 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00883-6 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200122 ER PT J AU Anderl, RA Hankins, MR Longhurst, GR Pawelko, RJ AF Anderl, RA Hankins, MR Longhurst, GR Pawelko, RJ TI Deuterium transport in Cu, CuCrZr, and Cu/Be SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE first wall materials; ion implantation; deuterium transport; permeation; diffusion AB This paper presents the results of deuterium implantation/permeation experiments and TMAP4 simulations for a CuCrZr alloy, for OFHC-Cu and for a Cu/Be bi-layered structure at temperatures from 700 to 800 K. Experiments used a mass-analyzed, 3-keV D-3(+) ion beam with particle flux densities of 5 x 10(19) to 7 x 10(19) D/m(2) s. Effective diffusivities and surface molecular recombination coefficients were derived giving Arrhenius pre-exponentials and activation energies for each material: CuCrZr ahoy, (2.0 x 10(-2) m(2)/s, 1.2 eV) for diffusivity and (2.9 x x 10(-14) m(4)/s, 1.92 eV) for surface molecular recombination coefficients; OFHC Cu, (2.1 x 10(-6) m(2)/s, 0.52 eV) for diffusivity and (9.1 x 10(-18) m(4)/s, 0.99 eV) for surface molecular recombination coefficients. TMAP4 simulation of permeation data measured for a Cu/Be bilayer sample was achieved using a four-layer structure (Cu/BeO interface/Be/BeO back surface) and recommended values for diffusivity and solubility in Be, BeO and Cu. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Anderl, RA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM raa@inel.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 761 EP 765 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00878-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200124 ER PT J AU Boedo, JA Lehmer, R Moyer, RA Watkins, JG Porter, GD Evans, TE Leonard, AW Schaffer, MJ AF Boedo, JA Lehmer, R Moyer, RA Watkins, JG Porter, GD Evans, TE Leonard, AW Schaffer, MJ TI Measurements of flows in the DIII-D divertor by Mach probes SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE plasma flow; DIII-D; Mach probe; flow reversal ID PLASMAS; TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK; EDGE AB First measurements of the Mach number of the background plasma in the DIII-D divertor are presented in conjunction with temperature T-e and density n(e) using a fast scanning probe array. To validate the probe measurements, we compared our T-e, n(e) and J(sat) data to Thomson scattering data and found good overall agreement in attached discharges and some discrepancy for T-e and n(e) in detached discharges. The discrepancy is mostly due to the effect of large fluctuations present during detached plasmas on the probe characteristic; the particle flux is accurately measured in every case. A composite 2-D map of measured flows is presented for an ELMing H-mode discharge and we focus on some of the details. We have also documented the temperature, density and Mach number in the private flux region of the divertor and the vicinity of the X-point, which are important transition regions that have been little studied or modeled. Background parallel plasma flows and electric fields in the divertor region show a complex structure. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Gen Atom Co, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. RP Boedo, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM boedo@gav.gat.com NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00549-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200128 ER PT J AU Buzhinskij, OI Opimach, IV Barsuk, VA Arkhipov, II West, WP Whyte, D Wong, CPC Wampler, WR AF Buzhinskij, OI Opimach, IV Barsuk, VA Arkhipov, II West, WP Whyte, D Wong, CPC Wampler, WR TI The investigation of structure, chemical composition, hydrogen isotope trapping and release processes in deposition layers on surfaces exposed to DIII-D divertor plasma SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE DiMES; erosion/redeposition; graphite; DIII-D ID TOKAMAK AB An ATJ graphite sample, arranged to receive parallel heat flux on a small region of the surface, was exposed to DIII-D divertor plasma using the DiMES (Divertor Material Evaluation System) mechanism. The sample was exposed to 600 ms of outer strike point plasma in a single discharge. Actual divertor tiles are subjected to such high heat flux due to misalignments, subjecting leading edges to the parallel flow of plasma, or during disruptions. The sample was constructed to collect the eroded material directed downward into a trapping zone onto a Si disk collector. The surface heat flux onto the divertor floor at the location of the sample during the exposure was 200 W/cm(2). Taking the local field pitch into account, the parallel heat flux was about 5 kW/cm(2), After exposure, the graphite sample and Si collector disk were analyzed using SEM, NRA, RES, Auger spectroscopy, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Thermal desorption was studied also. The deposited coating on the graphite sample is an amorphous carbon layer. Just upstream of the high heat flux zone, the redeposition layer has a globular structure. The deposition layer on the Si disk is composed also from carbon but has a diamond-like structure. The areal density of C and D in the deposited layer on Si disk varied in poloidal and toroidal directions. The maximum D/C areal density ratio is about 0.23, maximum carbon density is about 3.8 x 10(18) cm(-2), maximum D areal density is about 3 x 10(17) cm(-2). The thermal desorption spectrum had a peak at 1250 K. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. TRINITI, Troitsk 142092, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Moscow, Russia. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP West, WP (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM west@gav.gat.com NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 793 EP 797 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00604-7 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200130 ER PT J AU Owen, LW Carreras, BA Maingi, R Mioduszewski, PK Carlstrom, TN Groebner, RJ AF Owen, LW Carreras, BA Maingi, R Mioduszewski, PK Carlstrom, TN Groebner, RJ TI Modeling of neutral particle distributions at the L to H transition in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE two dimensional modeling; atomic density; DIII-D; charge-exchange neutrals; divertor modeling; neutral transport; effective particle confinement; power balance; SOL modeling; transport barrier ID TRANSPORT AB In order to study possible effects of neutrals on the power threshold for transition from L-mode to H-mode confinement in DIIT-D, the problem of reconstructing neutral particle distributions inside the separatrix from available edge, scrape-off layer, and divertor plasma diagnostic data is addressed. Neutral particle profiles in the shear layer are reconstructed primarily with the DEGAS code using plasma parameters obtained by fitting discharge data with the B2.5 code. A series of discharges in which the ion grad B drift direction is toward the X-point is analyzed. For reversed B-t, the L to H transition power threshold is 2-4 times higher than normal B-t discharges at the same density: one discharge of this type is analyzed. The variation of the L-H transition power threshold divided by the density is seen to be correlated with the neutral density scale length in the shear layer for both directions of the magnetic field. Radial and poloidal neutral particle profile results for three low density discharges in which the L-I-I transition power threshold varies from 1.3 to 5.3 MW are presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Owen, LW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM owenl@feda01.fed.ornl.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 890 EP 895 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00881-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200147 ER PT J AU Nachtrieb, RT LaBombard, BL Terry, JL Reardon, JC Rowan, WL Wampler, WR AF Nachtrieb, RT LaBombard, BL Terry, JL Reardon, JC Rowan, WL Wampler, WR TI Electron cyclotron discharge cleaning (ECDC) experiments on Alcator C-Mod SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE Alcator C-Mod; carbon erosion; ECR AB Experiments were performed on Alcator C-Mod with electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas to help determine their applicabilty to a fusion reactor. Strong radial inhomogeneity of the plasma density was measured, decreasing by a factor of ten a few centimeters inside the resonance location, but remaining approximately constant (n(e) approximate to 10(16) m(-3)) outside the resonance location. Electron temperature remained mostly constant outside the resonance location, T-e approximate to 10 eV; ion temperature increased outside the resonance location from T-i approximate to 2 eV to 10 eV. Toroidal asymmetries in ion saturation current density were observed, indicating local toroidal plasma flow. The ECR plasma was used to remove a diamond-like carbon coating from a stainless-steel sample. Removal rates peaked at 4.2 +/- 0.4 nm/h with the sample a few centimeters outside the resonance location. Removal rates decreased inside and further outside the resonance location. The plasma did not remove the carbon from the sample uniformly, possibly due to plasma flow. Yields were calculated (Y approximate to 10(-3)) to be lower than other published results for chemical sputtering of deuterium ions on carbon, possibly due to toroidally asymmetric plasma conditions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nachtrieb, RT (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM nachtrieb@psfc.mit.edu NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 896 EP 900 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00617-5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200148 ER PT J AU Porter, GD Davies, S LaBombard, B Loarte, A McCormick, K Monk, R Shimada, M Sugihara, M AF Porter, GD Davies, S LaBombard, B Loarte, A McCormick, K Monk, R Shimada, M Sugihara, M TI Analysis of separatrix plasma parameters using local and multi-machine databases SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE database; ITER; edge plasma AB The characteristics of the plasma density and temperature at the edge of a diverted tokamak are presented. The analysis is done using the edge database formed by the ITER divertor database and modeling expert group, Analysis indicates the density pro file is flatter with high density operation, i.e. the separatrix density is a larger fraction of the average density. This characteristic is found to be independent of plasma operation mode. We find the separatrix density in ITER will be approximately 6 x 10(19-) m(-3), based on scaling from the major diverted tokamaks. Scaling of the edge temperature is more problematic. A model which concludes the edge temperature is sensitive to details of the recycling process is presented. The temperature profile is analyzed to obtain the perpendicular thermal diffusivity. We find a diffusivity of 0.2 m(2)/s for ITER H-mode operation. The existing data, however, does not permit any size scaling of the diffusivity. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. MIT, Ctr Plasma Fusion, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Net Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. ITER, Joint Cent Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Porter, GD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 85608, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM porter2@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 917 EP 921 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00621-7 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200152 ER PT J AU Skinner, CH Hogan, JT Brooks, JN Blanchard, W Budny, RV Hosea, J Mueller, D Nagy, A Stotler, DP AF Skinner, CH Hogan, JT Brooks, JN Blanchard, W Budny, RV Hosea, J Mueller, D Nagy, A Stotler, DP TI Modeling of tritium retention in TFTR SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE TFTR; modeling; tritium retention ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; CHEMICAL EROSION; BUMPER LIMITER; DEUTERIUM; GRAPHITE; IMPACT; CARBON; OPERATIONS; TRANSPORT; WALL AB The tritium retention experience of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) is reviewed and the data related to models of plasma surface interactions. Over 3.5 years of TFTR DT operations, approximately 51% of the tritium injected into TFTR was retained in the torus. Most of this was subsequently recovered by glow discharges and air ventilation. Go-deposition rates for representative conditions in tritium operation were modeled with the BBQ code. The calculations indicate that known erosion mechanisms and subsequent co-deposition are sufficient to account for the order of magnitude of retention. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM cskinner@pppl.gov RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 940 EP 946 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00849-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200156 ER PT J AU Stotler, DP Vesey, RA Coster, DP Karney, CFF LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B Pitcher, CS Schneider, R AF Stotler, DP Vesey, RA Coster, DP Karney, CFF LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B Pitcher, CS Schneider, R TI Coupled Monte Carlo neutral fluid plasma simulation of Alcator C-Mod divertor plasma near detachment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE B2/EIRENE; Alcator C-Mod; pressure-balance equation ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; ASDEX-UPGRADE AB Using the coupled fluid plasma and Monte Carlo neutral transport code, B2-EIRENE, we simulate and analyze a nearly detached Alcator C-Mod discharge exhibiting the divertor over-pressure or "death ray" phenomenon. Qualitative agreement is obtained between the measured and simulated density and temperature profiles at the outboard midplane and divertor target. In the simulation, the divertor over-pressure is caused by radial transport of parallel momentum. Momentum transport by the neutral species is negligible. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Euratom IPP Assoc, Garching, Germany. MIT, Plasma Fus Sci Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Stotler, DP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dstotler@pppl.gov RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; Karney, Charles/C-1371-2013; Coster, David/B-4311-2010; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Karney, Charles/0000-0002-5006-5836; Coster, David/0000-0002-2470-9706; Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 947 EP 952 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00555-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200157 ER PT J AU Watkins, JG Batishchev, O Boedo, J Hill, DN Lasnier, CJ Lehmer, R Leonard, AW Moyer, RA AF Watkins, JG Batishchev, O Boedo, J Hill, DN Lasnier, CJ Lehmer, R Leonard, AW Moyer, RA TI An evaluation of kinetic effects in the DIII-D divertor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE detached plasma; DIII-D; divertor modeling; Langmuir probe; plasma edge physics; scrape off layer; SOL modeling; velocity distribution ID TEMPERATURE AB Under certain conditions, high temperature electrons diffusing across the separatrix near the midplane can propagate to the divertor without collision and produce a high energy tail in the electron distribution function near the separatrix. We evaluate a kinetic criterion along the field using measurements from divertor Thomson scattering and compare temperature measurements from target plate Langmuir probes to estimate the magnitude of the high energy tail. A Fokker-Planck kinetic model [O. Batishchev, Phys. Plasmas 4 (1998) 1672], which includes electron-electron, electron-ion, electron-neutral, and charge exchange interactions is used to estimate the size of the high energy tail. For the cases considered, we found less than 1% of non-thermal particles near the target plate at typical densities and power levels for the DIII-D scrape-off layer plasma. ELMs violate our kinetic criterion. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Lodestar, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Fus Energy Res Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Watkins, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM watkins@gav.gat.com NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 980 EP 985 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00556-X PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200163 ER PT J AU Xu, XQ Cohen, RH Porter, GD Myra, JR D'Ippolito, DA Moyer, R AF Xu, XQ Cohen, RH Porter, GD Myra, JR D'Ippolito, DA Moyer, R TI Turbulence in boundary plasmas SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE DIII-D; divertor plasma; Langmuir probe ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER AB We simulate boundary plasma turbulence using a 3D turbulence code BOUT and a linearized electromagnetic instability shooting code BAL. The code BOUT solves fluid equations for plasma vorticity, density, ion temperature and parallel momentum (along the magnetic field), electron temperature, and parallel momentum. A realistic DIII-D X-point magnetic geometry is used. The focus is on the possible local linear instability drives and turbulence suppression mechanisms involved in the L-H transition and on the consistency of the computed turbulence with observed temperature and density profiles. Comparison is made with data from the DIII-D tokamak where probe measurements provide turbulence statistics in the boundary plasma and transport modeling. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Xu, XQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM xxu@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 993 EP 996 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00627-8 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200165 ER PT J AU Haas, G Maingi, R Neuhauser, J AF Haas, G Maingi, R Neuhauser, J CA ASDEX Upgrade team DIII D team TI Dynamic hydrogen retention in the walls of the tokamaks ASDEX Upgrade and DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE wall particle content; particle recycling; desorption; activation energy for desorption ID DISCHARGES; PRESSURE AB The large dynamic particle inventory on the wall is investigated in ASDEX Upgrade and DIII-D with a fast local particle balance. Certain events (e.g. disruptions or ELMs) lead to an inhomogeneous neutral pressure distribution in the vessel, e.g. between main chamber and divertor region. We measure the pressure equilibration of this inhomogeneous distribution and estimate wall outgassing or pumping rates necessary to satisfy the particle balance. Detailed particle balances for the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade after disruptions reveal large additional source and sink terms which decay with time constants of 10-20 ms over up to three orders of magnitude. Taking into account the finite pump time constants of the divertor chambers, ad- and desorption times of the order of I ms can be derived. Corresponding studies on DIII-D confirm these results, but with a larger spread of the decay times (10-80 ms). The divertor pressure evolution after ELMs in both tokamaks also confirms the existence of such a fast reservoir. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Haas, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM ggh@ipp-garching.mpg.de NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 1065 EP 1071 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00561-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200178 ER PT J AU Hillis, DL Hogan, J von Hellermann, M Ehrenberg, J Horton, L Konig, R Morgan, P Saibene, G Wade, MR AF Hillis, DL Hogan, J von Hellermann, M Ehrenberg, J Horton, L Konig, R Morgan, P Saibene, G Wade, MR TI Noble gas impurity balance and exhaust model for DIII-D and JET SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE DIII-D; JET; ELM; helium exhaust; neon; transport ID ASDEX-UPGRADE; PARTICLE EXHAUST; DIVERTOR; DISCHARGES; TRANSPORT; PLASMAS AB Experiments to study the exhaust of noble gases (helium and neon) with cryopumping in DIII-D (Advanced Divertor Program (ADP) configuration) and in JET (Mk1 configuration) found significant differences in the global exhaust rate of helium, while efficient neon exhaust was observed in both machines, An attempt to better understand the basic processes governing the exhaust of noble gases in ELMy H-mode with cryopumping has been undertaken. Since divertor geometries investigated in the DIII-D and in the JET cases have significant differences, a comparative modeling study has been undertaken using the MIST core impurity transport code and the b2.5 time-independent divertor transport code. Photodiode measurements are used to determine ELM frequency, and charge-exchange recombination (CER) measurements are compared with the MIST ELM model to evaluate transport coefficients in the core plasma. A significant reduction in the anomalous diffusivities is found for the non-ELM component of radial transport without the need for a pinch velocity, and the model provides a more coherent description than the conventional ELM-averaged approach. Sensitivity to boundary conditions has been studied through establishment of a database of divertor enrichment cases using b2.5. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. RP Hillis, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hillisdl@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 1084 EP 1090 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00563-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200181 ER PT J AU Loarte, A Kukushkin, AS Pacher, HD Coster, DP Schneider, R Asakura, N Itami, K LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B Maggi, CF Monk, RD Porter, GD Shimada, M Sugihara, M Terry, J AF Loarte, A Kukushkin, AS Pacher, HD Coster, DP Schneider, R Asakura, N Itami, K LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B Maggi, CF Monk, RD Porter, GD Shimada, M Sugihara, M Terry, J TI Comparison of B2-EIRENE calculations with multi-machine experimental measurements SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE two-dimensional modelling; B2-EIRENE; edge modelling; ALCATOR C-MOD; DIII-D; JET; JT-60U ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; DIVERTOR EXPERIMENTS; EDGE PLASMA; ITER; CODE; JET; PHYSICS; MODELS AB The B2-EIRENE code has been compared with plasma edge measurements from Alcator C-MOD, DIII-D, JET, JT-60U in L-mode and H-mode regimes. Similarities in L-mode discharges between JET and JT-60U are well. reproduced by the code as well as the sudden approach to detachment seen in JT-60U when a 1% chemical sputtering yield for carbon is assumed. Comparisons between similar L-mode regimes in JET, JT-60U and Alcator C-MOD reveal the larger importance of anomalous energy convection in Alcator C-MOD with regard to larger tokamaks. H-mode discharges of DIII-D and JET can be satisfactorily modelled with similar values of the transport coefficients (approximately an order magnitude smaller than in L-mode) when the power flow into the scrape-off layer (SOL) is dominated by the ion channel, as previous EDGE2D simulations for JET suggested. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Net Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. ITER Joint Cent Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. MIT, Ctr Plasma Fus, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Loarte, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Net Team, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM loartea@sat.ipp-garching.mpg.de RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; Coster, David/B-4311-2010 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Coster, David/0000-0002-2470-9706 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 1123 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00685-0 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200188 ER PT J AU Matthews, GF Zastrow, KD Andrew, P Balet, B Basse, NP Ehrenberg, J Erents, SK Guo, H Jarvis, N Loughlin, M Marcus, F Monk, R O'Mullane, M Lauro-Taroni, L Sadler, G Saibene, G Simonini, R Stangeby, PC Strachan, J Taroni, A AF Matthews, GF Zastrow, KD Andrew, P Balet, B Basse, NP Ehrenberg, J Erents, SK Guo, H Jarvis, N Loughlin, M Marcus, F Monk, R O'Mullane, M Lauro-Taroni, L Sadler, G Saibene, G Simonini, R Stangeby, PC Strachan, J Taroni, A TI Trace tritium and the H-mode density limit SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE density limit; H-mode; cross-held diffusion AB Trace amounts of tritium gas have been injected in short puffs into JET ELMy H-modes with a wide range of deuterium gas-fuelling rates. Analysis of the subsequent time evolution of the neutron profile and extraction of the particle transport coefficients have allowed us to distinguish between broad classes of mechanism which have been suggested as explanations for the H-mode density limit. The high penetration probability (similar to 20%) and rapid transport (similar to tau(E)) Of fuel ions are shown to be only weakly influenced by strong gas fuelling - hence mixture control is possible even when the total electron content is clamped. (C) 1999 JET Joint Undertaking, published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Matthews, GF (reprint author), Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. EM gfm@jet.uk OI Basse, Nils/0000-0002-4513-8869 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 1134 EP 1138 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00858-7 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200190 ER PT J AU Moyer, RA Lehmer, R Boedo, JA Watkins, JG Xu, X Myra, JR Cohen, R D'Ippolito, DA Petrie, TW Schaffer, MJ AF Moyer, RA Lehmer, R Boedo, JA Watkins, JG Xu, X Myra, JR Cohen, R D'Ippolito, DA Petrie, TW Schaffer, MJ TI Potentials, E x B drifts, and fluctuations in the DIII-D boundary SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE fluctuations; X-point; plasma edge physics; scrape-off layer; DIII-D ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; POWER THRESHOLD; H-MODE; TRANSITIONS; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK AB Reciprocating Langmuir probes are used to investigate the structure of electrostatic potentials, E x B drifts, and fluctuations in the edge (rho < 1), scrape-off layer (SOL) and divertor of single null diverted discharges in the DIII-D tokamak. These measurements demonstrate that the X-point geometry suppresses potential fluctuations in the drift wave range of frequencies (20 kHz less than or equal to f less than or equal to 300 kHz) as predicted by theory [N. Matter and R.N. Cohen, Phys. Plasmas 2 (1995) 4042], and suppresses quasi-coherent modes in the edge of II-modes. Consequently, edge turbulence and ballooning mode stability calculations, such as those used in L-H transition and H mode pedestal theories, must incorporate realistic X-point magnetic geometry to quantitatively reproduce experimental results. In the divertor plasma, root-mean-square potential fluctuations <(phi)over tilde>(fl), are found to be larger in H mode than in L mode, and in detached versus attached divertor plasmas. These measurements have been used to benchmark turbulence simulations with two unique codes that incorporate realistic X-point magnetic geometry: the 3-D boundary turbulence code BOUT and the BAL shooting code with high-n ballooning formalism. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Fus Energy Res Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Moyer, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Fus Energy Res Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM moyer@gav.gat.com NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 1145 EP 1150 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00618-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200192 ER PT J AU Rensink, ME Rognlien, TD AF Rensink, ME Rognlien, TD TI Edge plasma modeling of limiter surfaces in a tokamak divertor configuration SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE 2D fluid code; 2D modeling; boundary plasma; code simulation; computer simulation; divertor; divertor modeling; divertor plasma; edge modeling; edge plasma; fluid model; heat deposition; heat flux; heat load; ITER; limiter; magnetic surface; non-orthogonal grid; numerical simulation; particle diffusivity; particle flow; particle flux; particle recycling; plasma edge; plasma edge physics; plasma modeling; power deposition; power flux; pumping ID SIMULATION AB We describe a 2-D model for edge plasmas with localized limiter surfaces penetrating the scrape-off layer. The model is used to simulate an idealized ITER startup configuration with variations in the limiter penetration depth and surface shape. The results show that the distribution of the total heat load between divertor plates and outer midplane limiter surfaces can be controlled by the penetration depth of the limiter. The limiter surface can be shaped to reduce the peak heat flux without significantly changing the total heat loads. The tentative conclusion is that ITER startup on an outer midplane limiter is reasonable because the total and peak heat loads can be controlled by the limiter positioning and shape. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rensink, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rensinkl@Ilnl.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 1180 EP 1184 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00859-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200198 ER PT J AU Scott, HA Wan, AS Post, DE Rensink, ME Rognlien, TD AF Scott, HA Wan, AS Post, DE Rensink, ME Rognlien, TD TI Impact of detailed radiation transport on volume recombination SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE recombination; line radiation; radiative divertor; radiation transport ID C-MOD DIVERTOR; DIII-D; PLASMAS; TOKAMAK; CODE AB Recently both the Alcator C-Mod and DIII-D tokamaks observed significant recombination of major ion species in the divertor region during detachment. For sufficiently low temperatures the mixture of neutral atoms and ions can be optically thick to line radiation. The optical depth of the recombined region to Ly, radiation can be very large and opacity effects and radiation trapping can dramatically change the heat flux to the divertor walls. This paper presents an analysis of the effect of line radiation on volume recombination using CRETIN, a multi-dimensional, non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) simulation code that includes the atomic kinetics and radiative transport processes necessary to model this complex environment. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Scott, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-18, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hascott@llnl.gov RI Post, Douglass/L-3773-2014 OI Post, Douglass/0000-0001-9271-0023 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 1247 EP 1251 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00638-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200210 ER PT J AU Ruzic, DN Allain, MMC Budny, RV AF Ruzic, DN Allain, MMC Budny, RV TI The effect of lithium wall conditioning in TFTR on plasma-surface interactions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Gen Atomics Co, US DOE DE lithium coating; DEGAS code; transport modeling; TFTR ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; SIMULATIONS; DEUTERIUM; SUPERSHOT; TRITIUM; ALPHA; POWER AB Five TFTR deuterium supershots with increasing Li pellet injection are analyzed in detail. Five chords of experimental H-alpha measurements are compared to predictions from a series of computational models. First, experimental data from the discharge is used in the TRANSP plasma transport code to predict the ion flux to the wall. Then a modified version of the DEGAS neutral transport code which includes both reflection, desorption and sputtering of hydrogenic species from the wall is used to determine the neutral density profile across the machine. This data combined with the known density and temperature contours predicts values for the magnitude of H-cr light observed for 16 viewing angles of the diagnostic. To match the experimental data, the wall reflection, desorption and sputtering coefficients were altered using data from VFTRIM-3D to include the effect of the added Li. In addition, the first 10 cm of the stainless steel wall adjoining the C inner bumper limiter was treated as C-covered; the highest flux area of the inner wall was treated as a sink; and the lower reflection coefficients for a Li-wall rather than a C-wall were used over an increasingly larger area of the inner wall as the Li concentration in the discharges increased. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ruzic, DN (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM druzic@uiuc.edu NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 266 BP 1303 EP 1308 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00863-0 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186JG UT WOS:000079725200220 ER PT J AU Klueh, RL Alexander, DJ AF Klueh, RL Alexander, DJ TI Effect of heat treatment and irradiation temperature on impact properties of Cr-W-V ferritic steels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN STEELS; MARTENSITIC STEELS; BEHAVIOR AB Charpy impact tests were conducted on eight normalized-and-tempered ferritic and martensitic steels irradiated in two different normalized conditions. Irradiation was conducted in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) at 393 degrees C to approximate to 14 dpa on eight steels with 2.25%, 5%, 9%, and 12% Cr (0.1% C) with varying amounts of W, V, and Ta. The different normalization treatments involved changing the cooling rate after austenitization. The faster cooling rate produced 100% bainite in the 2.25Cr steels, compared to duplex structures of bainite and polygonal ferrite for the slower cooling rate. For both cooling rates, martensite formed in the 5% and 9% Cr steels, and martensite with approximate to 25% delta-ferrite formed in the 12% Cr steel. Irradiation caused an increase in the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) and a decrease in the upper-shelf energy (USE). The difference in microstructure in the low-chromium steels due to the different heat treatments had little effect on properties. For the high-chromium martensitic steels, only the 5Cr steel was affected by heat treatment. When the results at 393 degrees C were compared with previous results at 365 degrees C, all but a 5Cr and a 9Cr steel showed the expected decrease in the shift in DBTT with increasing temperature. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klueh, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS 6376, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ku2@ornl.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 265 IS 3 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00750-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 170BN UT WOS:000078785600006 ER PT J AU Wagh, AS Strain, R Jeong, SY Reed, D Krause, T Singh, D AF Wagh, AS Strain, R Jeong, SY Reed, D Krause, T Singh, D TI Stabilization of Rocky Flats Pu-contaminated ash within chemically bonded phosphate ceramics SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A feasibility study was conducted on the use of chemically bonded phosphate ceramics for stabilization of combustion residue of high transuranic (TRU) wastes. Using a matrix of magnesium potassium phosphate formed by the room-temperature reaction of MgO and KH2PO4 solution, we made waste forms that contained 5 wt% Pu to satisfy the requirements of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, The waste forms were ceramics whose compression strength was twice that of conventional cement grout and whose connected porosity was approximate to 50% that of cement grout. Both surrogate and actual waste forms displayed high leaching resistance for both hazardous metals and Pu. Hydrogen generation resulting from the radiolytic decomposition of water and organic compounds present in the waste form did not appear to be a significant issue. Pu was present as PuO2 that was physically microencapsulated in the matrix. In the process, pyrophoricity was removed and leaching resistance was enhanced. The high leaching resistance was due to the very low solubility of PuO2 coupled with superior microencapsulation. As a result, the waste forms satisfied the current Safeguard Termination Limit requirement for storage of TRU combustion residues. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wagh, AS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Wagh, Arun/0000-0002-8678-7574 NR 36 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 265 IS 3 BP 295 EP 307 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00650-3 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 170BN UT WOS:000078785600009 ER PT J AU Totemeier, TC Pahl, RG Frank, SM AF Totemeier, TC Pahl, RG Frank, SM TI Oxidation kinetics of hydride-bearing uranium metal corrosion products SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; OXYGEN AB The oxidation behavior of hydride-bearing uranium metal corrosion products from Zero Power Physics Reactor (ZPPR) fuel plates was studied using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) in environments of Ar-4%O-2, Ar-9%O-2, and Ar-20%O-2. Ignition of corrosion product samples from two moderately corroded plates was observed between 125 degrees C and 150 degrees C in all environments. The rate of oxidation above the ignition temperature was found to be dependent only on the net flow rate of oxygen in the reacting gas. Due to the higher net oxygen flow rate, burning rates increased with increasing oxygen concentration. Oxidation rates below the ignition temperature were much slower and decreased with increasing test time. The hydride contents of the TGA samples from the two moderately corroded plates, determined from the total weight gain achieved during burning, were 47-61 wt% and 29-39 wt%. Samples from a lightly corroded plate were not reactive; X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that they contained little hydride. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Engn, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Totemeier, TC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Engn, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RI Frank, Steven/B-9046-2017 OI Frank, Steven/0000-0001-8259-6722 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 265 IS 3 BP 308 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00649-7 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 170BN UT WOS:000078785600010 ER PT J AU Lewis, MB Hunn, JD AF Lewis, MB Hunn, JD TI Investigations of ion radiation effects at metal/liquid interfaces SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Letter ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RADICALS AB Unique interactions of radiation effects and interfacial chemistry processes are possible when an energetic ion beam passes through the interface between a solid metal surface and a liquid. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new ion beam method to investigate some of these effects. A liquid mercury target and a water target contained in a block with a steel foil window on one end have been irradiated through the foil with 2 MeV protons. The initial results for mercury show no interaction detectable above background; the initial results for water indicate radiation enhanced corrosion on the foil surface. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lewis, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 5500, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 265 IS 3 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00885-X PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 170BN UT WOS:000078785600012 ER PT J AU Pu, R Hayes, EM Wilmsen, CW Choquette, KD Hou, HQ Geib, KM AF Pu, R Hayes, EM Wilmsen, CW Choquette, KD Hou, HQ Geib, KM TI Comparison of techniques for bonding VCSELS directly to ICs SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Conference on Optics in Computing (OC 98) CY JUN 17-20, 1998 CL BRUGGE, BELGIUM DE hybrid integration; flip chip bonding; smart pixel; VCSEL ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; INTEGRATION; SILICON AB This paper reports the successful bonding of 8 x 8 and 4 x 4 VCSEL arrays to Si CMOS and GaAs MESFET integrated circuits and to GaAs substrates. Three different bonding techniques are demonstrated and their electrical, optical and mechanical characteristics are compared. All three techniques remove the substrate from the VCSEL wafer, leaving individual VCSELs bonded directly to locations within the integrated circuit. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pu, R (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 1 IS 2 BP 324 EP 329 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/1/2/343 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 218GE UT WOS:000081544200044 ER PT J AU Zhao, JL Rotem, D Chen, SS AF Zhao, JL Rotem, D Chen, SS TI Data management for multiuser access to digital video libraries SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article ID MULTIMEDIA; STORAGE AB To support heterogeneous application types a video digital library will contain a large number of video objects with various lengths and display requirements. Multiuser access to the same video objects is required in order to increase the availability of video information and to make full use of the limited computing and storage resources. The access frequency and delay sensitivity of video objects require special methods to guarantee smooth playback of video objects and to minimize average waiting time. We propose an integrated approach to buffer and disk management for dynamic loading and simultaneous delivery of multiple video objects to multiple users. The allocation of buffer and disk resources in this study is based on quality of service variables such as average waiting time, display continuity, and viewer enrollment. (C) 1999 Academic Press, Inc. C1 Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Business & Management, Kowloon, Hong Kong. San Jose State Univ, Coll Business, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Database Management Res & Dev Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zhao, JL (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Business & Management, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 56 IS 3 BP 208 EP 234 DI 10.1006/jpdc.1998.1519 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 179QD UT WOS:000079339400002 ER PT J AU Best, SE Ivchenko, VO Richards, KJ Smith, RD Malone, RC AF Best, SE Ivchenko, VO Richards, KJ Smith, RD Malone, RC TI Eddies in numerical models of the Antarctic circumpolar current and their influence on the mean flow SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; BETA-PLANE CHANNEL; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; KINETIC-ENERGY; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; DRAKE PASSAGE; WIND-DRIVEN; DYNAMICS; INSTABILITIES; BUDGET AB The dynamics of the Southern Ocean have been studied using two high-resolution models. namely the Pine Resolution Antarctic Model (FRAM) and the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model. Analysis of these models includes zonal averaging at Drake Passage latitudes, averaging along streamlines (or contours of constant sea surface height), and examining particular subregions of the flow in some detail. The subregions considered in the local analysis capture different how regimes in the vicinity of thr Crozet Plateau. the Macquarie-Ridge Complex, and Drake Passage. Many aspects of the model results are similar, for example. the magnitude of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the "eddy rich" regions associated with the large-scale topography. An important difference between the two models is that away from the strong topographic features the level of EKE in POP is 2-4 times greater than in FRAM, giving values close to those observed in altimeter studies. In both FRAM and POP instability analysis performed over ACC jets showed that baroclinic instability is likely to be the main mechanism responsible for generating EKE. In the case of FRAM this view is confirmed by regional energy budgets made within the ACC. In contrast to quasigeostrophic numerical experiments upgradient transfer of momentum was not found in the whole ACC, or over large subregions of the Southern Ocean. The only place it occurred was in localized right jets (e.g., the how northeast of Drake Passage) where the transients are found to transfer kinetic energy into energy of the mean flow. The transient eddies result in a net deceleration of the ACC for the streamwise averaging. C1 Univ Southampton, Dept Oceanog, Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Univ Southampton, Dept Oceanog, Southampton Oceanog Ctr, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 328 EP 350 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0328:EINMOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 177TY UT WOS:000079228200002 ER PT J AU Monge, MA Pareja, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y AF Monge, MA Pareja, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y TI A model for positron trapping in MgO including capture of self-trapped positrons by H- and D- ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE oxides; positron annihilation spectroscopy; defects ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HYDROGEN; HYDRIDE AB Low-temperature positron lifetime and Doppler-broadening measurements were performed on MgO single crystals containing either H- or D- ions. The temperature dependence of the mean positron lifetime and of the parameter S indicates that the positron trapping coefficient far H- (D-) ions increases with temperature. A model involving delocalized, self-trapped, and bound states [e(+)-H-] and [e(+)-D-] for positrons predicts the temperature dependence observed for the annihilation parameters. The activation enthalpy for the hopping process of self-trapped positrons depends on the kinds of defects present in the crystals. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, E-28911 Leganes, Spain. US DOE, ER 131, Div Mat Sci, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20574 USA. RP Monge, MA (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, C Butarque 15, E-28911 Leganes, Spain. EM mmoge@fis.uc3m.es OI Monge, Miguel A./0000-0002-0425-6789 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(98)00308-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 179HD UT WOS:000079320000002 ER PT J AU Kirtley, JR Moler, KA Schlueter, JA Williams, JM AF Kirtley, JR Moler, KA Schlueter, JA Williams, JM TI Inhomogeneous interlayer Josephson coupling in kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; HALL-PROBE MICROSCOPY; ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; PENETRATION DEPTH; VORTICES; MODEL; VORTEX; FIELD; (BEDT-TTF)2CU(NCS)2 AB In a layered superconductor, the interlayer coupling strength determines the spatial variation of the magnetic fields parallel to the layers. Scanning SQUID microscope images of an edge of a single crystal of the layered organic superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) show regions of inhomogeneous coupling as well as trapped interlayer Josephson vortices. Quantitative modelling of individual isolated vortices indicates an interlayer penetration depth lambda(perpendicular to) similar to 60 mu m. Previous bulk measurements that indicated a weaker interlayer coupling may have been dominated by inhomogeneities. C1 IBM Corp, Res, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kirtley, JR (reprint author), IBM Corp, Res, POB 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA. RI Moler, Kathryn/F-2541-2011 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 11 IS 8 BP 2007 EP 2016 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/11/8/013 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 175LW UT WOS:000079096800013 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Pan, BC Ho, KM AF Wang, CZ Pan, BC Ho, KM TI An environment-dependent tight-binding potential for Si SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COVALENT SYSTEMS; DENSITY-MATRIX; SILICON; MODEL; SURFACES; ENERGETICS; SI(111); PHASES AB We present a new generation of tight-binding model for silicon which goes beyond the traditional two-centre approximation and allows the tight-binding parameters to scale according to the bonding environment. We show that the new model improves remarkably the accuracy and transferability of the potential for describing the structures and energies of silicon surfaces, in addition to the properties of silicon in the bulk diamond structure. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Pan, Bicai/A-1235-2010 NR 31 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 11 IS 8 BP 2043 EP 2049 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/11/8/017 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 175LW UT WOS:000079096800017 ER PT J AU Taylor, PA Moseley, PT Butler, PC AF Taylor, PA Moseley, PT Butler, PC TI International Lead Zinc Research Organization-sponsored field-data collection and analysis to determine relationships between service conditions and reliability of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries in stationary applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Lead Battery Conference CY SEP 22-25, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Lead Dev Assoc Int DE charging; lead-acid battery; premature capacity loss; reliability; service life; stationary; valve-regulated AB The International Lead Zinc Research Organization (ILZRO), in cooperation with Sandia National Laboratories, has initiated a multi-phase project with the following aims: to characterize relationships between valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries, service conditions, and failure modes; to establish the degree of correlation between specific operating procedures and PCL; to identify operating procedures that mitigate PCL; to identify best-fits between the operating requirements of specific applications and the capabilities of specific VRLA technologies; to recommend combinations of battery design, manufacturing processes, and operating conditions that enhance VRLA performance and reliability. In the first phase of this project, ILZRO has contracted with Energetics to identify and survey manufacturers and users of VRLA batteries for stationary applications (including electric utilities, telecommunications companies, and government facilities). The confidential survey is collecting the service conditions of specific applications and performance records for specific VRLA technologies. From the data collected, Energetics is constructing a database of the service histories and analyzing the data to determine trends in performance for particular technologies in specific service conditions. ILZRO plans to make the final report of the analysis and a version of the database (that contains no proprietary information) available to ILZRO members, participants in the survey, and participants in a follow-on workshop for stakeholders in VRLA reliability. This paper presents the surveys distributed to manufacturers and end-users, discusses the analytic approach, presents an overview of the responses to the surveys and trends that have emerged in the early analysis of the data, and previews the functionality of the database being constructed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Energetics, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. Int Lead Zinc Res Org, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Taylor, PA (reprint author), Energetics, 7164 Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 78 IS 1-2 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00026-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 195FX UT WOS:000080240900025 ER PT J AU Butler, PC Cole, JF Taylor, PA AF Butler, PC Cole, JF Taylor, PA TI Test profiles for stationary energy-storage applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Lead Battery Conference CY SEP 22-25, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Lead Dev Assoc Int DE batteries; electric utilities; energy storage; renewables; power quality; testing AB Evaluation of battery and other energy-storage technologies for stationary uses is progressing rapidly toward application-specific testing. This testing uses computer-based data acquisition and control equipment, active electronic loads and power supplies, and customized software, to enable sophisticated test regimes which simulate actual use conditions. These simulated-use tests provide more accurate performance and life evaluations than simple constant resistance or current testing regimes. Several organizations are cooperating to develop simulated-use tests for utility-scale storage systems, especially battery energy-storage systems (BESSs), Some of the tests use stepped constant-power charge and discharge regimes to simulate conditions created by electric utility applications such as frequency regulation (FR) and spinning reserve (SR). Other test profiles under development simulate conditions for the energy-storage component of remote-area power supplies (RAPSs) which include renewable and/or fossil-fuelled generators. Various RAPS applications have unique sets of service conditions that require specialized test profiles. Almost all RAPS tests and many tests that represent other stationary applications need, however, to simulate significant time periods that storage devices operate at low-to-medium states-of-charge without full recharge. Consideration of these and similar issues in simulated-use test regimes is necessary to predict effectively the responses of the various types of batteries ill specific stationary applications. This paper describes existing and evolving stationary applications for energy-storage technologies and test regimes which are designed to simulate them. The paper also discusses efforts to develop international testing standards. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Int Lead Zinc Res Org, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Energetics, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Butler, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0613, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 78 IS 1-2 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00035-X PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 195FX UT WOS:000080240900027 ER PT J AU Touryan, KJ AF Touryan, KJ TI Renewable energy: Rapidly maturing technology for the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Significant converging trends will enhance the penetration rate of renewable energy in the world market. It is a fact that renewables have moved past the experimental stage and are becoming serious market contenders. The level of maturity of four renewable energy technologies is discussed, and the emerging application of these technologies to rural and remote sites in the form of hybrid systems is presented. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Treatment Transfer Deployment Support Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Touryan, KJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Treatment Transfer Deployment Support Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.2514/2.5437 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 176QN UT WOS:000079163400003 ER PT J AU Richards, GA Janus, M Robey, EH AF Richards, GA Janus, M Robey, EH TI Control of flame oscillations with equivalence ratio modulation SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE CONTROL; COMBUSTION-CHAMBERS; FUEL-INJECTION AB A novel technique for controlling oscillating combustion is proposed and demonstrated. For oscillations that exist over a limited range of equivalence ratios, we suggest that periodic modulation around the unstable condition can effectively avoid the oscillating condition, but otherwise produces the desired time-average equivalence ratio. Tests of this concept were carried out in an atmospheric-pressure, swirl-stabilized combustor with a nominal heat input of 30 kW. The fuel was natural gas. We show that it was possible to control a 300-Hz oscillation by modulating the fuel flow at frequencies less than 20 Hz, reducing the observed rms pressure from 2.7 to 0.8 kPa. Limitations on when this technique may produce successful control are also discussed. C1 US Dept Energy, Fed Energy Tech Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EG&G Tech Serv W Virginia, Morgantown, WV 26504 USA. RP Richards, GA (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Fed Energy Tech Ctr, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.2514/2.5417 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 176QN UT WOS:000079163400011 ER PT J AU Kato, S Ackerman, TP Dutton, EG Laulainen, N Larson, N AF Kato, S Ackerman, TP Dutton, EG Laulainen, N Larson, N TI A comparison of modeled and measured surface shortwave irradiance for a molecular atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY-ATMOSPHERES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; APPROXIMATION; FLUXES; LIGHT AB We compare the downward diffuse and direct normal irradiance computed by a two-stream model with measurements taken at the Mauna Loa Observatory when the atmosphere was close to a molecular atmosphere. The modeled downward diffuse irradiance agrees with measurements taken by a shaded pyranometer within the uncertainty of the measurement. Therefore, the two-stream approximation is adequate for computing the downward diffuse irradiance in a molecular atmosphere. This result also indicates that neglecting the state of polarization introduces a negligible error in the irradiance computation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kato, S (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 61 IS 4 BP 493 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(98)00032-6 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 164AR UT WOS:000078440200007 ER PT J AU MacFarlane, JJ Wang, P Bailey, JE Mehlhorn, TA AF MacFarlane, JJ Wang, P Bailey, JE Mehlhorn, TA TI Diagnosing plasma conditions in targets irradiated by intense light ion beams using K-alpha satellite line intensity ratios SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SATELLITES; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PROTON-BEAMS; ALUMINUM; IONIZATION; DENSITIES; EMISSION; SPECTRA; NE AB The characteristics of K-alpha satellite line emission generated in intense light ion beam experiments is investigated. Inner-shell X-ray lines are emitted from moderate-temperature (T similar to 10(1)-10(2) eV) plasmas as 2p electrons of the target ions fill in K-shell vacancies created by beam ion-impact ionization. We focus, in particular, on the utilization of line intensity ratios from He-like and Li-like: ions to diagnose target plasma temperatures and densities. Although the K-alpha transitions for the He-like and Li-like atomic systems are the same as those in laser-produced and Z-pinch plasmas, the populating mechanisms for their upper states are completely different. That is, the upper states are populated from lower ionization stages by ion-impact ionization, This enables diagnosis of plasmas in the 10-100 eV temperature regime using the extensive instrumentation developed for X-ray crystal spectroscopy. Target plasma characteristics are simulated using a one-dimensional collisional-radiative equilibrium model in which atomic level populations are computed by solving multilevel statistical equilibrium equations self-consistently with the radiation field and ion beam properties. We utilize atomic models which include for all ionization stages a detailed treatment of autoionization states which have K-shell vacancies. Results are presented for Li beam-heated Al and Cl plasmas and proton beam-heated Al plasmas. We find that, as in the case of laser-produced plasmas, the He-like intercombination-to-resonance ratio provides a good density diagnostic. However, because the He-alpha line is produced in ion beam-heated plasmas with a relatively low degree of ionization, it is less susceptible to resonant self-absorption effects as compared to laser plasmas. In addition, the Li-like satellite line structure is significantly different for plasmas heated by ion beams. Unlike laser-produced plasmas, the Li(dabc) and Li(qr) lines tend to be more intense than the Li(kj) lines. Because of this, we find the Li(dabc)-to-He-alpha ratio to be a good temperature diagnostic for intense light ion beam experiments. We also discuss the effects of beam-induced multiple ionization, photoionization, and resonant self-absorption on the line ratio diagnotics. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP MacFarlane, JJ (reprint author), Prism Computat Sci Inc, 16N Carroll St,Suite 950, Madison, WI 53703 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 61 IS 5 BP 671 EP 686 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(98)00055-7 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 163UE UT WOS:000078424100011 ER PT J AU Shinohara, N Hatsukawa, Y Hata, K Kohno, N Andoh, M Saleh, HH Charlton, WS Parish, TA Raman, S AF Shinohara, N Hatsukawa, Y Hata, K Kohno, N Andoh, M Saleh, HH Charlton, WS Parish, TA Raman, S TI Measurements of nuclear data of minor actinides for transmutation of high-level waste SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry 97 (APSORC 97) CY OCT 06-09, 1997 CL KUMAMOTO UNIV, KUMAMOTO, JAPAN HO KUMAMOTO UNIV AB For nuclear transmutation of minor actinides, delayed neutron emission measurement for Am-241 was carried out in thermal neutron irradiation location. The neutron capture cross sections of Am-241 were also measured radiochemically. The transmutation process of Am-241 in reactor is discussed by calculating the yields of minor actinides with the nuclear data measured in this study and the evaluated values. The accelerator driven transmutation of minor actinides by high-flux neutrons from spallation reactions is also presented. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shinohara, N (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. EM shino@popsvr.tokai.jaeri.go.jp NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 239 IS 3 BP 631 EP 638 DI 10.1007/BF02349082 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 181UU UT WOS:000079461500037 ER PT J AU Ghanta, VG Riise, BL Denn, MM AF Ghanta, VG Riise, BL Denn, MM TI Disappearance of extrusion instabilities in brass capillary dies SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; WALL SLIP; EXTRUDATE DISTORTION; FLOW; SHARKSKIN; COATINGS; MELT AB We have extruded a linear low-density polyethylene through capillary dies fabricated from stainless steel and brass. We confirm a result first reported by Ramamurthy [Ramamurthy, A. V., "Wall Slip in Viscous Fluids and influence of Materials of Construction," J. Rheol. 30, 337-357 (1986)]: sharkskin can be eliminated by the use of a brass die. We also find a substantially enhanced throughput from the brass die relative to the stainless-steel die at stresses in the range where sharkskin is observed with the latter. Finally, the large pressure oscillations and periodic extrudate distortions observed in the ''slip-stick'' region with stainless steel are absent with brass, where the transition to the "upper branch" of the flow curve is more gradual. (C) 1999 The Society of Rheology. [S0148-6055(99)00302-8]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Denn, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 43 IS 2 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1122/1.550988 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 173DD UT WOS:000078965200010 ER PT J AU Percus, AG Martin, OC AF Percus, AG Martin, OC TI The stochastic traveling salesman problem: Finite size scaling and the cavity prediction SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE disordered systems; combinatorial optimization; replica symmetry ID SPIN-GLASS AB We study the random link traveling salesman problem, where lengths l(ij) between city i and city j are taken to be independent, identically distributed random variables. We discuss a theoretical approach, the cavity method, that has been proposed for finding the optimum tour length over this random ensemble, given the assumption of replica symmetry. Using finite size scaling and a renormalized model, we test the cavity predictions against the results of simulations, and find excellent agreement over a range of distributions. We thus provide numerical evidence that the replica symmetric solution to this problem is the correct one. Finally, we note a surprising result concerning the distribution of k th-nearest neighbor links in optimal tours, and invite a theoretical understanding of this phenomenon. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Phys Nucl, Div Phys Theor, F-91406 Orsay, France. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, CIC-3,MS-B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM percus@lanl.gov; martino@ipno.in2p3.fr RI Martin, Olivier/B-6656-2012 OI Martin, Olivier/0000-0002-5295-5963 NR 21 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 EI 1572-9613 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 94 IS 5-6 BP 739 EP 758 DI 10.1023/A:1004570713967 PG 20 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 199WA UT WOS:000080506000002 ER PT J AU Den Auwer, C Revel, R Charbonnel, MC Presson, MT Conradson, SD Simoni, E Le Du, JF Madic, C AF Den Auwer, C Revel, R Charbonnel, MC Presson, MT Conradson, SD Simoni, E Le Du, JF Madic, C TI Actinide coordination sphere in various U, Np and Pu nitrato coordination complexes SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE actinides; coordination chemistry; EXAFS AB Waste management of nuclear fuel represents one of the major environmental concerns of the decade. To recycle fissile valuable materials intimate knowledge of complexation mechanisms involved in the solvent extraction processes is indispensable. Evolution of the actinide coordination sphere of AnO(2)(NO3)(2)TBP-type complexes (An = U, Np, Pu; TBP = tributylphosphate) with the actinide valence state have been probed by XAS at the metal L-III edge. Dramatic changes in the actinide coordination sphere appeared when the An(VI) metal is reduced to An(IV). However, no significant evolution in the actinide environment has been noticed across the series UO22+, NpO22+ and PUO22+. C1 SEMP, DRRV, DCC,Lab Chim Theor & Struct, CEA, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Univ Paris Sud, IPN, F-91407 Orsay, France. DCC Saclay, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Den Auwer, C (reprint author), SEMP, DRRV, DCC,Lab Chim Theor & Struct, CEA, Valrho,BP 171, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. RI CHARBONNEL, Marie-Christine/C-2466-2016 OI CHARBONNEL, Marie-Christine/0000-0002-0552-7405 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 19 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 6 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1107/S0909049599000308 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 178PD UT WOS:000079274300008 ER PT J AU Cadle, SH Gorse, RA Belian, TC Lawson, DR AF Cadle, SH Gorse, RA Belian, TC Lawson, DR TI Real-world vehicle emissions: A summary of the Eighth Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) has sponsored a series of workshops over the last decade focusing on the most recent real-world vehicle emissions research. This summary presents findings from the eighth CRC-sponsored workshop from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to air quality. Participants in the workshop discussed efforts to evaluate and improve mobile source emission models, field programs designed to understand the contribution of mobile sources to emission inventories, results from gas- and particle-phase emissions studies from spark-ignition and diesel-powered vehicles, as well as topics for future research. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. Coordinating Res Council, Atlanta, GA USA. GM Corp, R&D Ctr, Warren, MI USA. RP Cadle, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 49 IS 3 BP 242 EP 255 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 174WJ UT WOS:000079059100001 PM 28060590 ER PT J AU Zhang, WM Huebner, W Sampayan, SE Krogh, ML AF Zhang, WM Huebner, W Sampayan, SE Krogh, ML TI Polarization switching of and electron emission from lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RHOMBOHEDRAL PB(ZR1-XTIX)O-3 CERAMICS; CATHODES; FIELD AB This paper focuses on understanding the influence of material properties on the complicated ferroelectric (FE) emission process. Three different compositions in the lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) system were chosen for study, based on their widely different dielectric and ferroelectric properties: antiferroelectric (AFE) 2/95/5, "normal" ferroelectric 8/65/35, and nonferroelectric 15/65/35, Repeatable emission was obtained from the 2/95/5 composition, which could also be modulated at high frequency (200 kHz), The fast AFE reversible arrow FE phase transition is responsible for the FE emission properties of this material, which is supported by the relationship between the switching current and the emission current. Comparatively, FE emission from the 8/65/35 composition degraded rapidly, which was attributed to decreases in the remanent polarization. No emission signal was detected from the 15/65/35 composition, because no switching activity occurs, which can be interpreted as additional evidence that electron emission from the previously mentioned two compositions was indeed a FE emission process. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Ceram Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Allied Signal Fed Mfg & Technol, Kansas City, MO 64141 USA. RP Zhang, WM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Ceram Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 82 IS 3 BP 591 EP 599 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 180FE UT WOS:000079374400014 ER PT J AU Vedula, VR Green, DJ Hellman, JR AF Vedula, VR Green, DJ Hellman, JR TI Thermal shock resistance of ceramic foams SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Thermal shock behavior of a variety of open-cell ceramic foams was evaluated using infrared heating and forced air cooling. The extent of damage after thermal shock was determined by a nondestructive, dynamic resonance technique. The damage in foams was found to be strongly dependent on cell size and weakly dependent on density. In zirconia-based foams, damage was found to increase with an increase in zirconia content. A thermal stress resistance parameter R-f' was derived to predict the effect of cell size and density on the damage incurred in foams, The experimental results were found to corroborate the predictions fairly well but a better approach was to compare the maximum applied thermal strains with the degree of damage. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 82 IS 3 BP 649 EP 656 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 180FE UT WOS:000079374400021 ER PT J AU Widjaja, S Jakus, K Ritter, JE Lara-Curzio, E Watkins, TR Sun, EY Brennan, JJ AF Widjaja, S Jakus, K Ritter, JE Lara-Curzio, E Watkins, TR Sun, EY Brennan, JJ TI Creep-induced residual stress strengthening in a nicalon-fiber-reinforced BMAS-glass-ceramic-matrix composite SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 04-07, 1997 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID TENSILE BEHAVIOR AB The feasibility of inducing a compressive residual stress in the matrix of a Nicalon-fiber-reinforced BMAS-glass-ceramic-matrix composite through a creep-load transfer treatment was studied. Specimens mere crept at 1100 degrees C under constant tensile load to cause load transfer from the matrix to the fibers, then cooled under load. Upon removal of the load at room temperature, the matrix was put into compression by the elastic recovery of the fibers. This compressive residual stress in the matrix increased the room-temperature proportional limit stress of the composite. The increase in the proportional limit stress was found to be dependent upon the applied creep stress, with an increase in creep stress resulting in an increase in the proportional limit stress. Acoustic emission results showed that the onset of significant matrix cracking correlated closely to the proportional limit stress. Changes in the state of residual stress in the matrix were supported by X-ray diffraction results. Fracture surfaces of all specimens exhibited fiber pullout behavior, indicating that the creep-load transfer process did not embrittle the fiber/matrix interface. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Jakus, K (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 82 IS 3 BP 657 EP 664 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 180FE UT WOS:000079374400022 ER PT J AU Schneider, JA Mukherjee, AK AF Schneider, JA Mukherjee, AK TI Effects of microstructure on the deformation mechanisms in silicon nitride SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLUTION-PRECIPITATION CREEP; ALPHA-PHASE; SI3N4 AB Changes in phase composition and morphology were investigated in silicon nitride (Si3N4) both before and after compressive deformation testing, Different additive systems were used to prepare Si3N4 specimens, resulting in either an initial alpha-phase or beta-phase microstructure. Constant-strain-rate compression tests were used to evaluate the differences in the strain-rate dependency of the flow stress for the two phases. A flow-stress dependency of n = 1 was observed in the beta-phase specimens, compared to an n value that approached 2 in the alpha-phase specimens. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schneider, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 82 IS 3 BP 761 EP 764 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 180FE UT WOS:000079374400038 ER PT J AU Song, L Evans, JW AF Song, L Evans, JW TI Measurements of the thermal conductivity of lithium polymer battery composite cathodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE; CELLS AB The thermal conductivity of the composite cathode, which consists of polymer electrolyte and active material, is an important parameter for the thermal management and heat transport studies of lithium polymer batteries. Thermal conductivities of TiS2 and V6O13 composite cathode were measured by a guarded hear flowmeter over the lithium polymer batteries operating temperature range from 25 to 150 degrees C. They were found to increase with the temperature up to the melting temperature of the polymer electrolyte, but to increase only slightly after the melting temperature. A heat transport mechanism of phonon transmission in the polymer electrolyte matrix and transport of lithium ions in the active materials can be used to explain the results. The effective thermal conductivity of the composite cathode can be estimated from the conductivities of polymer electrolyte and active materials. To determine the latter, measurements were also made of the thermal conductivities of Dressed samples of TiS2 and V6O13 The measurements of composite cathodes, along with measurements of lithium polymer electrolytes, previously published by this journal, complete the work on the thermal conductivities of lithium polymer battery cell components, which can be used to estimate the thermal conductivities of the cell using thermal-resistance-in-series/parallel models. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651 (98)03-069-9. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Song, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM evans@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 11 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 146 IS 3 BP 869 EP 871 DI 10.1149/1.1391694 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 178XG UT WOS:000079294000009 ER PT J AU Ein-Eli, Y Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM Mukerjee, S Yang, XQ McBreen, J AF Ein-Eli, Y Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM Mukerjee, S Yang, XQ McBreen, J TI LiNixCu0.5-xMn1.5O4 spinel electrodes, superior high-potential cathode materials for Li batteries - I. Electrochemical and structural studies SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERIES; CHEMISTRY; VOLTAGE; CELLS AB LiNixCu0.5-xMn1.5O4 (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.5) spinel materials that are of interest as electrodes for lithium-ion batteries have been studied by crystallographic and electrochemical methods. Electrochemical results show that the inclusion of Ni into the Cu-modified spinel increases the overall reversible capacity from 72 mAh/g with LiCu0.5Mn1.5O4 (x = 0) at 4.95 V to 120 mAh/g with LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (x = 0.5) at 4.6 V. The Cu-rich spinels in the LiNixCu0.5-xMn1.5O4 system show enhanced stability upon cycling. These spinel products are difficult to prepare in single-phase form. Neutron diffraction data show that the end members LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and LiCu0.5Mn1.5O4 contain small amounts of lithium-nickel-oxide and lithium-copper-oxide impurity phases, respectively; these impurities affect the composition of the spinel component. The composition of the spinel component in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was determined from a combined X-ray and neutron diffraction profile refinement to be Li0.97Ni0.42Mn1.61O4. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(98)07-009-8. All rights reserved. C1 Covalent Associates Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ein-Eli, Y (reprint author), Elect Fuel Ltd, IL-99000 Bet Shemesh, Israel. RI Ein-Eli, Yair/F-1370-2011 NR 17 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 36 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 146 IS 3 BP 908 EP 913 DI 10.1149/1.1391699 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 178XG UT WOS:000079294000014 ER PT J AU Lee, HS Yang, XQ Xiang, C McBreen, J Callahan, JH Choi, LS AF Lee, HS Yang, XQ Xiang, C McBreen, J Callahan, JH Choi, LS TI Synthesis of anion receptor grafted siloxane polymers and the ionic conductivity studies of polymer-salt complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A new type of ionic conducting polymers has been synthesized by grafting anion receptors on siloxane polymer backbones. The polymer electrolytes were formed by complexing these polymers with LiCl salt. The room temperature conductivity is in the range of 7 X 10(-8) to 4 X 10(-6) S cm(-1) and depends on the structures of grafted anion receptors and the polymer backbones. These values are close to the conductivities of poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer electrolytes. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity of these polymer electrolytes was also studied. The unique feature and an interesting point of this new type of polymer electrolytes is that the ion complexation is formed between the attached anion receptors and the anions, and there are no ethylene oxide groups in these polymers. The anion receptors are based on aza-ether structures with electron-withdrawing groups attached on them. In contrast to this, in poly(ethylene oxide)-based electrolyte systems, the complexation is formed between the oxygen atoms in the ethylene oxide groups of the polymer and the cations. The complexation between the anion receptors and anions in this new type of polymer electrolytes was confirmed by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(98)06-081-9. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 146 IS 3 BP 941 EP 946 DI 10.1149/1.1391703 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 178XG UT WOS:000079294000018 ER PT J AU Maleki, H Al Hallaj, S Selman, JR Dinwiddie, RB Wang, H AF Maleki, H Al Hallaj, S Selman, JR Dinwiddie, RB Wang, H TI Thermal properties of lithium-ion battery and components SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM/POLYMER BATTERY; LIXCOO2; DISCHARGE; CELL AB Experimental thermal property data of the Sony US-18650 lithium-ion battery and components are presented, as well as thermal property measuring techniques. The properties in question are specific heat capacity (C-p), thermal diffusivity (alpha), and thermal conductivity (k), in the presence and absence of electrolyte [1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate (EC:DMC, 1:1 wt %)]: The hear capacity of the battery, C-p, is 0.96 +/- 0.02 J g(-1) K-1 at an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 2.75 V, and 1.04 +/- 0.02 J g(-1) K-1 at 3.75 V. The thermal conductivity, k, was calculated from k = alpha rho C-p where alpha was measured by a xenon-flash technique. In the absence of electrolyte, k increases with OCV, for both the negative electrode (NE) and the positive electrode (PE). For the NE, the increase is 26% as the OCV increases from 2.75 to 3.75 V, whereas for the PE the increase is only 5 to 6%. The dependence of both C-p and k on OCV is explained qualitatively by considering the effect of lithiation and delithiation on the electron carrier density, which leads to n-type semiconduction in the graphitic NE material, but a change from semiconducting to metallic character in LixCoO2 PE material. The overall effect is an increase of C-p and k with OCV. For k this dependence is eliminated by electrolyte addition, which, however, greatly increases the effective k of the layered battery components by lowering the thermal contact resistance. For both NE and PE, the in-plane k value (measured along layers) is nearly one order of magnitude higher than the cross-plane k. This is ascribed mostly to the high thermal conductivity of the current collectors and to a lesser extent to the orientation of particles in the layers of electrodes. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(98)06-095-9. All rights reserved. C1 IIT, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maleki, H (reprint author), Motorola Inc, Energy Syst Grp, Laurenceville, GA 30043 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 30 TC 136 Z9 138 U1 9 U2 59 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 146 IS 3 BP 947 EP 954 DI 10.1149/1.1391704 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 178XG UT WOS:000079294000019 ER PT J AU Windisch, CF Baer, DR Engelhard, MH Bruemmer, SM Jones, RH AF Windisch, CF Baer, DR Engelhard, MH Bruemmer, SM Jones, RH TI Corrosion of phosphorus-implanted 304L stainless steel in 1 N H2SO4 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM NITRATE; SULFUR; BEHAVIOR; CRACKING; IRON AB Combined electrochemical and surface analysis measurements revealed that 304L stainless steel, implanted with P, oxidizes at near-transpassive anodic potential in 1 N H2SO4 to give corrosion products that affect the corrosion rate differently depending on the amount of P at the surface of the metal. At low concentrations, P assisted corrosion by facilitating dissolution of the oxidation products; at high concentrations, the products were insoluble and precipitated to form a thick, electrically resistive film. The resultant voltage drop contributed to lower currents as long as the thick film was stable. The dependence of corrosion rate on P concentration is believed to contribute to the two-peak current response observed for the material in potential-step measurements. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(98)03-107-3. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Windisch, CF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 146 IS 3 BP 984 EP 987 DI 10.1149/1.1391709 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 178XG UT WOS:000079294000024 ER PT J AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV TI Multiple sensor fusion under unknown distributions SO JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE sensor fusion; fusion rule estimation; empirical estimation; feedforward networks; Nadaraya-Watson estimator; vector space methods ID DECISION FUSION; NETWORKS; EFFICIENT; LEARNERS AB The sensor S-i, i = 1, 2,..., N, of a multiple sensor system outputs Y-(i) is an element of R, according to an unknown probability distribution P-Y(i\X), in response to input X is an element of R. The problem is to design a fusion rule f:R-N bar right arrow R, based on a training sample, such that the expected square error I(f)= E[(X-f(Y))(2)] is minimized over a family of functions F. In general, f* is an element of F that minimizes I(.) cannot be computed since the underlying distributions are unknown. We consider sufficient conditions and algorithms to compute an estimator (f) over cap such that I((f) over cap) - I(F*) < epsilon with probability 1 - delta, for any epsilon > 0 and 0 < delta < 1. We present a general method for obtaining (f) over cap based on the scale-sensitive dimension of F. We then review three recent computational methods based on the feedforward sigmoidal networks, the Nadaraya-Watson estimator, and the finite-dimensional vector spaces. (C) 1998 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-0032 J9 J FRANKLIN I JI J. Frankl. Inst.-Eng. Appl. Math. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 336 IS 2 BP 285 EP 299 DI 10.1016/S0016-0032(98)00022-2 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 155LQ UT WOS:000077948800007 ER PT J AU He, J Beyerlein, IJ Clarke, DR AF He, J Beyerlein, IJ Clarke, DR TI Load transfer from broken fibers in continuous fiber Al2O3-A1 composites and dependence on local volume fraction SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE stress concentration; microstructures; fiber-reinforced composite materials; non-destructive evaluation; computational mechanics technique ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES; STRESS-CONCENTRATIONS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; MODEL; STRENGTH; METAL; ALUMINA; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The load transfer characteristics of a continuous, high volume fraction alumina (Al2O3) fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite are determined by combining high spatial resolution stress measurements and computational micromechanical modeling. The residual stresses in individual fibers and the redistribution of applied load due to fiber failure have been measured using photostimulated Cr3+ luminescence based piezospectroscopy. From these measurements, the load transfer profiles along broken fibers and the induced stress concentration profiles on their adjacent neighbors have been determined. They are found to depend on the local interfiber spacing. They are compared with fiber stress profiles predicted by a shear-lag stress analysis which accounts for the influences of matrix yielding, called the quadratic influence superpositon (QIS) technique, as well as other shear-lag based multifiber composite models. The current study indicates that fiber breaks are accompanied by matrix yielding extending on the order of fiber diameters and which induce significant stress concentrations on neighboring fibers, dependent on the local fiber spacing and extent of plastic yielding. Additionally, the matrix yield strength is dependent on the local fiber spacing and increases with decreasing local fiber spacing. The implications of the micromechanical load sharing characteristics and composite processing on ultimate tensile strength are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM irene@lanl.gov RI Clarke, David/D-2616-2009; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD MAR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3 BP 465 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(98)00053-2 PG 38 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 174CR UT WOS:000079017000001 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, Y Murata, S Asai, K Tranquada, JM Shirane, G Kohn, K AF Kobayashi, Y Murata, S Asai, K Tranquada, JM Shirane, G Kohn, K TI Magnetic and transport properties of LaCo1-xNixO3-Comparison with La1-xSrxCoO3 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE LaCo1-xNixO3; LaxSr1-xCoO3; magnetization; neutron scattering; thermoelectric power; Hall effect; spin-glass state; polaron hopping ID SPIN-GLASS BEHAVIOR; STATE TRANSITION; LACOO3; TEMPERATURE AB We have investigated magnetization, neutron scattering, resistivity, thermoelectric power and Hall effect in LaCo1-xNixO3 (x = 0.05 and 0.1) single crystals. At low temperatures, they show spin-glass behavior with a strong ferromagnetic correlation. Around 500 K, spin state transition from the intermediate spin state (S = 1) to the high spin state (S = 2) accompanied by an insulator-to-metal transition is observed as in undoped LaCoO3. These magnetic proper ties of LaCo1-xNixO3 are very similar to those previously reported for La1-xSrxCoO3. The low-temperature transport properties of both LaCo1-xNixO3 and La1-xSrxCoO3 exhibit the characteristics of an insulator near the insulator-to-metal transition. The sign of the carrier is verified to be positive in both systems from the thermoelectric power measurement. However, the sign of the Hall coefficient of LaCo1-xNixO3 is negative. These transport properties are discussed in terms of small polaron hopping mechanism. C1 Univ Electrocommun, Dept Appl Phys & Chem, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Waseda Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. RP Kobayashi, Y (reprint author), Univ Electrocommun, Dept Appl Phys & Chem, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 10 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 68 IS 3 BP 1011 EP 1017 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.68.1011 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 184KW UT WOS:000079612200052 ER PT J AU Seals, RD Berndt, CC AF Seals, RD Berndt, CC TI The rationale for a JTST Award for the best scientific paper SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Seals, RD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 181DM UT WOS:000079425400001 ER PT J AU Cramer, SD Covino, BS Holcomb, GR Bullard, SJ Collins, WK Govier, RD Wilson, RD Laylor, HM AF Cramer, SD Covino, BS Holcomb, GR Bullard, SJ Collins, WK Govier, RD Wilson, RD Laylor, HM TI Thermal sprayed titanium anode for cathodic protection of reinforced concrete bridges SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anode properties; cathodic protection; infrastructure; reinforced concrete; thermal spray; titanium anode ID PARAMETERS AB Stable operation of cobalt catalyzed thermal sprayed titanium anodes for cathodic protection (CP) of bridge reinforcing steel was maintained in accelerated tests for period equivalent to 23 years service at Oregon Department of Transportation (Oregon DOT) bridge CP conditions with no evidence that operation would degrade with further aging. The cobalt catalyst dispersed into the concrete near the anode-concrete interface with electrochemical aging to produce a more diffuse anode reaction zone. The titanium anode had a porous heterogeneous structure composed of alpha-titanium containing interstitial oxygen and nitrogen, and a fee phase thought to be Ti(O,N), Splat cooling rates were 10 to 150 K/s, and microstructures were produced by equilibrium processes at the splat solidification front. Nitrogen gas atomization during thermal spraying produced a coating with more uniform composition, less cracking, and lower resistivity than using air atomization. C1 US Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Oregon Dept Transportat, Res Unit, Salem, OR 97310 USA. RP Cramer, SD (reprint author), US Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1361/105996399770350665 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 181DM UT WOS:000079425400013 ER PT J AU Malyshev, MV Donnelly, VM Kornblit, A Ciampa, NA Colonell, JI Lee, JTC AF Malyshev, MV Donnelly, VM Kornblit, A Ciampa, NA Colonell, JI Lee, JTC TI Langmuir probe studies of a transformer-coupled plasma, aluminum etcher SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID INDUCTION PLASMA; CHLORINE; MODEL; PROFILES; DAMAGE AB Spatially resolved positive ion densities (n(i)(+)), electron densities (n(e)), electron temperatures (T-e), plasma potentials (V-p), and floating potentials (Vi) were measured with a scanning Langmuir probe (PMT FastProbe) in Cl-2 and BCl3/Cl-2, inductively coupled plasmas (Lam Research Alliance, transformer-coupled plasma (TCP) metal etcher with a high-flow chamber). Time-resolved ion saturation current was measured during etching of Al/TiN metal stacks. Device damage during the metal stack etching was also studied. Positive ion densities increase nearly linearly with power for all of the gases. The maximum plasma density in the reactor is independent of pressure. The density profiles in the plane of the wafer are peaked above the center of the wafer at low pressure and off center at high pressure. Peaking off center is enhanced for smaller height-to-radius ratio chamber configurations, varied by changing the TCP window-wafer chuck gap. The n(i)(+): uniformity across the wafer depends weakly on power, more strongly on feed gases and radio frequency bias, and most strongly on pressure and the TCP window-wafer gap. Within experimental error, T-e is uniform across the reactor at most pressures with a slight fall off beyond the wafer edge. At the lowest pressure, T-e dips slightly in the center of the reactor. Addition of 28% BCl3 to a Cl-2 plasma causes a 20% decrease in T-e due to a decrease in the effective ionization potential of the gas. A small, grounded aluminum electrode was inserted into the plasma to eliminate perturbations from the Langmuir probe on the plasma, caused by charging and discharging of the insulating walls of the reactor. Such perturbations make apparent T-e, V-f, and V-p, values too high, and at least partly explain why T-e's measured with the Langmuir probe were higher than these obtained from optical emission spectroscopy. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101 (99)01902-8]. C1 AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Malyshev, MV (reprint author), AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM MishaM@princeton.edu NR 57 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 480 EP 492 DI 10.1116/1.581609 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 177GX UT WOS:000079203200023 ER PT J AU Blain, MG AF Blain, MG TI Mechanism of nitrogen removal from silicon nitride by nitric oxide SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Blain, MG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 665 EP 667 DI 10.1116/1.582028 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 177GX UT WOS:000079203200052 ER PT J AU Hahn, YB Lee, JW Vawter, GA Shul, RJ Abernathy, CR Hays, DC Lambers, ES Pearton, SJ AF Hahn, YB Lee, JW Vawter, GA Shul, RJ Abernathy, CR Hays, DC Lambers, ES Pearton, SJ TI Reactive ion beam etching of GaAs and related compounds in an inductively coupled plasma of Cl-2-Ar mixture SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; CHLORINE; TEMPERATURE; ALGAAS; SYSTEM; INP; DEPENDENCE; GAAS(100); PRESSURE; SURFACE AB Reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) of GaAs, GaP, AlGaAs, and GaSb was performed in a Cl-2-Ar mixture using an inductively coupled plasma source. The etch rates and yields were strongly affected by ion energy and substrate temperature. The RIBE was dominated by ion-assisted etching at <600 eV and by physical sputtering beyond 600 eV. The temperature dependence of the etch rates revealed three different regimes, depending on the substrate temperature: (1) sputtering-etch limited, (2) products-desorption Limited, and (3) mass-transfer limited regions. GaSb showed the overall highest etch rates, while GaAs and AlGaAs were etched at the Same rates. The etched features Showed extremely smooth morphologies with anisotropic sidewalls. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)03802-0]. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Plasma Therm Inc, St Petersburg, FL 33716 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hahn, YB (reprint author), Chonbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Technol, Chonju 561756, South Korea. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 366 EP 371 DI 10.1116/1.590565 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 186YT UT WOS:000079759500020 ER PT J AU Ding, MQ Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Auciello, O Corrigan, TD Chang, RPH AF Ding, MQ Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Auciello, O Corrigan, TD Chang, RPH TI Studies of field emission from bias-grown diamond thin films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC 98) CY JUL 19-23, 1998 CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA SP IEEE, Amer Vacuum Soc, N Carolina State Univ, Off Continuing & Profess Educ ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRON-EMISSION; COLD-CATHODE; CARBON; EMITTERS; SILICON AB We have investigated the field emission properties of diamond films grown under substrate bias conditions in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system, with a substrate temperature of 800 degrees C, microwave power of 600 W, and a total pressure of 11 Torr. One group of films was grown with a substrate bias of -100 V in gas mixtures of 1% N-2 and 1%-20% CH4 in H-2, while a second group of films was grown with a substrate bias ranging from + 100 to -150 V in a gas mixture of 1% N-2 - 10% CH4 - 89% H-2. The field emission performance in terms of threshold field and emission current improved considerably as a function of increasing CH4 concentration and negative bias voltage. Ultraviolet Raman analysis showed that the field emission enhancement resulting from an increase in CH4 concentration from 1% to 5% correlates with a decrease in the sp(3) bonding character in the diamond film. The dependence of field emission on negative bias voltage appears to be correlated with ion bombardment-induced damage in the film during growth. The scanning electron microscopy image of the film grown with -150 V bias showed: smaller surface topographic features as compared to films grown under 0 and + 100 V bias. The film grown with a bias of -150 V showed the lowest threshold field (similar to 2.0 V/mu m) corresponding to an emission current density of 12.7 mu A/cm(2). J vs Eo measurements across a length of 40 mm over the film showed a uniform threshold field (2.0 +/- 0.55 V/mu m). The film grown with a positive bias, (+ 100 V) showed a relatively poor field emission performance. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)08202-5]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Ding, MQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chang, R.P.H/B-7505-2009 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 705 EP 709 DI 10.1116/1.590623 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 186YT UT WOS:000079759500086 ER PT J AU Lee, DH Walter, KC Nastasi, M AF Lee, DH Walter, KC Nastasi, M TI Processing of diamondlike carbon using plasma immersion ion deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC 98) CY JUL 19-23, 1998 CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA SP IEEE, Amer Vacuum Soc, N Carolina State Univ, Off Continuing & Profess Educ ID STRESS-INDUCED FORMATION; COMPRESSIVE-STRESS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; THIN-FILMS; IMPLANTATION; MODEL AB Plasma immersion ion deposition (PIID) has been used to synthesize hard amorphous hydrogenated carbon or diamondlike carbon (DLC) thin films on Si substrates with rf inductive plasmas of various Ar and C2H2 gas mixtures. The surface hardness and stress-of the films were highly dependent on the magnitude of the total rf power and the pulse-bias duty factor. The ratios of the ion flux and the film deposition flux, J(i)/J(d), were estimated and correlated with DLC film stress, hardness, and the amount of argon and hydrogen content retained. The DLC properties (hardness and film stress) were maximal when the J(i)/J(d) value ranged between 0.6 and 0.8. The balance between ion-energy transfer and relaxation in the surface and subsurface carbon atoms may explain the DLC growth in this work. The role of ion-current flux in the PIID process was found to: be as important as it is in conventional ion beam assisted deposition processing. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)02602-5]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 818 EP 821 DI 10.1116/1.590645 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 186YT UT WOS:000079759500109 ER PT J AU He, XM Bardeau, JF Lee, DH Walter, KC Tuszewski, M Nastasi, M AF He, XM Bardeau, JF Lee, DH Walter, KC Tuszewski, M Nastasi, M TI Optical properties of diamond-like carbon synthesized by plasma immersion ion processing SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC 98) CY JUL 19-23, 1998 CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA SP IEEE, Amer Vacuum Soc, N Carolina State Univ, Off Continuing & Profess Educ ID ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED CARBON; FILMS; BIAS AB Hard and transparent diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been:prepared on low temperature substrates. by using the C2H2-Ar plasma immersion ion processing (PIIP) method. The optical properties of the DLC films deposited on poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), Silicon wafers, and glass plates were systematically examined. It was found that careful control of:substrate bias was needed for favorable growth of DLC films with low atomic hydrogen contents, high hardness and mass densities, and excellent optical properties. The resultant DLC films exhibited a high hardness of above 22 GPa, an optical gap energy larger than 1.9 eV, a low refractive index of 1.87, and very high: optical transmittance in the visible light range. The study confirmed that C2H2-Ar PIIP with low-negative bias voltages and suitable C2H2/Ar gas ratios: can process optically transparent and hard protective DLC films on PMMA plastics. [S0734-211X(99)02502-03]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP He, XM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 822 EP 827 DI 10.1116/1.590662 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 186YT UT WOS:000079759500110 ER PT J AU He, XM Shu, L Xie, ZW AF He, XM Shu, L Xie, ZW TI Effects of the Ti/Al atomic ratio on the properties of gradient (Ti,Al)N films synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC 98) CY JUL 19-23, 1998 CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA SP IEEE, Amer Vacuum Soc, N Carolina State Univ, Off Continuing & Profess Educ ID (TI1-XALX)N COATINGS; MAGNETRON; SYSTEM; ENERGY AB Gradient (Ti,Al)N films were prepared on high speed steel (HSS) and Si (111) wafers by using two Ar+ beams to sputter a titanium target and an aluminum target separately, and a third N+ beam to simultaneously bombard the growing film to assist deposition. The effects of the Ti/Al atomic ratio in the films on properties such as hardness, stress, and adhesion strength were investigated systematically. The results indicated that both the hardness and the adhesion of gradient (Ti,Al)N films to steel substrates exhibited ''peak'' type changes with an increase of the Ti/Al atomic ratio, and a maximum hardness of 3780 kgf mm(-2) was reached at a Ti/Al ratio of 5.35. The compressive stress of gradient (Ti,Al)N films increased with increasing Al content in the films. It was found that extreme hardness, high adhesion strength and low stress gradient (Ti,Al)N films can be synthesized on low temperature HSS steel by using the ion beam assisted deposition process. [S0734-211X(99)02702-X]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP He, XM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 845 EP 850 DI 10.1116/1.590649 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 186YT UT WOS:000079759500115 ER PT J AU Hill, WR McNamara, AE AF Hill, WR McNamara, AE TI Sun angle, site selection, parameter choice, and generalizing UV effects in freshwater benthic ecosystems (Reply to the comment by Donahue and Clare) SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Hill, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 44 IS 2 BP 474 EP 475 PG 2 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 179DD UT WOS:000079309300026 ER PT J AU Heuer, WB Lee, HS Kim, OK AF Heuer, WB Lee, HS Kim, OK TI Spectral properties of hemicyanine dye in confinement by helical amylose SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article AB Hemicyanine dye structure is modified with a C-16-alkyl chain to amino-head and a C-1, C-8 or C-16 alkyl to pyridinium-tail. Spectral properties of the dyes in supramolecular inclusion complexation with amylose ate studied in order to assess the mono-functional polarity sensing activity of the pyridinium cations in DMSO-H2O mixtures. Inclusion complexation brings the lambda(max) of C(16)DASPC(1) dye to a blue-shift (relative to that of the free dye state) while that of C(16)DASP(C-8 and C-16) dyes remains almost unchanged. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 138 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1002/masy.19991380109 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 215LZ UT WOS:000081384300008 ER PT J AU Davis, AP Woychik, RP Justice, MJ AF Davis, AP Woychik, RP Justice, MJ TI Effective chemical mutagenesis in FVB/N mice requires low doses of ethylnitrosourea SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; MOUSE SPERMATOGONIA; MUTATIONS; REGION; LOCUS; STRAIN C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Justice, MJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, 1 Baylor Pl, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD MAR PY 1999 VL 10 IS 3 BP 308 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s003359900992 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 171TY UT WOS:000078881200020 PM 10051330 ER PT J AU Perez, RB Protopopescu, V Munoz-Cobo, JL AF Perez, RB Protopopescu, V Munoz-Cobo, JL TI Control of quantum systems SO MATHEMATICAL MODELS & METHODS IN APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES; EXISTENCE; DESIGN AB We propose a new control method for systems whose evolution is described by Schrodinger's equation (quantum dynamics). The goal of the control is to induce modifications of observable quantities - with possible effects at mesoscopic or macroscopic levels - by modifying the potential at the microscopic level. We illustrate the feasibility of the approach on a harmonic oscillator system. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Pasqua Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vvp@ornl.gov OI Munoz-Cobo, Jose-Luis/0000-0002-4512-7991 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2025 EI 1793-6314 J9 MATH MOD METH APPL S JI Math. Models Meth. Appl. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS 2 BP 305 EP 324 DI 10.1142/S0218202599000166 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 174RC UT WOS:000079047500006 ER PT J AU Farrar, CR Darling, TW Migliori, A Baker, WE AF Farrar, CR Darling, TW Migliori, A Baker, WE TI Microwave interferometers for non-contact vibration measurements on large structures SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB This paper describes a non-contact vibration measuring system that is based on a microwave interferometer similar to those used to detect the presence of people in monitored areas. Displacement response of a target surface on the structure relative to the interferometer is measured by analysing the interference in microwaves reflected off the vibrating target surface. The system was built from commercially available off-the-shelf electronic components and, unlike most commercially available far-field non-contact vibration sensors, it does not require a mounted target when used to measure the response of metallic and concrete structures. In this study, the interferometers are coupled with homodyne detection hardware and software to make low-noise measurements during swept-sine tests. These interferometers can also be used to detect static displacements and the transient response of the structure. In addition to its non-contact feature, this system offers other advantages including low cost, quick set-up time, a wide frequency range of response and portability. An application of these sensors to the measurement of vibration response on a bridge structure in a non-contact manner is summarised. Resonant frequencies of the bridge that were identified with the microwave interferometers are compared to similar quantities measured with conventional accelerometers. In all cases, resonant frequencies identified from data obtained with the microwave interferometers were within 2.2% of the resonant frequencies determined from data obtained with the conventional accelerometers. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MSP946, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 7 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.1006/mssp.1998.1216 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 187CL UT WOS:000079768500005 ER PT J AU Campbell, JP Rao, KTV Ritchie, RO AF Campbell, JP Rao, KTV Ritchie, RO TI The effect of microstructure on fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth behavior in gamma-titanium aluminide based intermetallics SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAMELLAR TIAL-ALLOY; CYCLIC FATIGUE; PROPAGATION; RESISTANCE; CERAMICS; REINFORCEMENT; MECHANISMS; COMPOSITES; LIFE AB Ambient-temperature fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation behavior are investigated in a wide range of (gamma + alpha(2)) TiAl microstructures, including single-phase gamma,duplex, coarse lamellar(1 to 2 mm colony size (D) and 2.0 mu m lamellar spacing (lambda)), fine lamellar (D similar to 150 mu m, lambda = 1.3 to 2.0 mu m), and a powder metallurgy (P/M) lamellar microstructure (D = 65 mu m, lambda = 0.2 mu m). The influences of colony size, lamellar spacing, and volume fraction of equiaxed lambda grains are analyzed in terms of their effects on resistance to the growth of large (>5 mm) cracks. Specifically, coarse lamellar microstructures are found to exhibit the best cyclic and monotonic crack-growth properties, while duplex and single-phase gamma microstructures exhibit the worst, trends which are rationalized in terms of the salient micromechanisms affecting growth. These mechanisms primarily involve cracktip shielding processes and include crack closure and uncracked ligament bridging. However, since the potency of these mechanisms is severely restricted for cracks with limited wake, in the presence of small (<300 mu m) cracks, the distinction in the fatigue crack growth resistance of the lamellar and duplex microstructures becomes far less significant. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 62 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 563 EP 577 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0048-2 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 171MX UT WOS:000078868700008 ER PT J AU Bloyer, DR Rao, KTV Ritchie, RO AF Bloyer, DR Rao, KTV Ritchie, RO TI Fatigue-crack propagation behavior of ductile/brittle laminated composites SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC MATRIX COMPOSITES; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; BRIDGED CRACKS; GROWTH; REINFORCEMENTS; DEFORMATION; RESISTANCE; CERAMICS AB A study has been made of the fatigue-crack propagation properties of a series of laminated Nb-reinforced Nb3Al intermetallic-matrix composites with varying microstructural scale but nominally identical reinforcement volume fraction (20 pet Nb). It was found that resistance to fatigue-crack growth improved with increasing metallic layer thickness tin the range 50 to 250 mu m) both in the crack-divider and crack-arrester orientations. For a given layer thickness, however, the properties in the crack-arrester orientation were superior to the crack-divider orientation. Indeed, the fatigue resistance of the crack arrester laminates was better than the fatigue properties of unreinforced Nb3Al and pure Nb; both laminate orientations had significantly better fatigue properties than Nb-particulate reinforced Nb3Al composites. Such enhanced fatigue performance was found to result from extrinsic toughening in the form of bridging metal ligaments in the crack wake, which shielded the crack tip from the applied (far-field) driving force. Unlike particulate-reinforced composites, such bridging was quite resilient under cyclic loading conditions. The superior crack-growth resistance of the crack-arrester laminates was found to result from additional intrinsic toughening, specifically involving trapping of the entire crack front by the Nb layer, which necessitated crack renucleation across the layer. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bloyer, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 633 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0055-3 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 171MX UT WOS:000078868700015 ER PT J AU Olsen, EJ Kracher, A Davis, AM Steele, IM Hutcheon, ID Bunch, TE AF Olsen, EJ Kracher, A Davis, AM Steele, IM Hutcheon, ID Bunch, TE TI The phosphates of IIIAB iron meteorites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORE AB Thirteen phosphate minerals are found in IIIAB iron meteorites. Four of these (sarcopside, graftonite, johnsomervilleite, and galileiite) constitute the majority of occurrences. The IIIB iron meteorites are confined to occurrences of only these four phosphates. The IIIA iron meteorites may contain one or more of these four phases; they may also contain other rarer phosphates, and silica tin two instances) and a silicate rock tin one instance). Thus, the IIIA lithophile chemistry is more varied than that of the IIIB meteorites. Based on petrographic relations, sarcopside appears to be the first phosphate to form. Graftonite is probably formed by recrystallization of sarcopside. Johnsomervilleite and galileiite exsolved as enclaves in sarcopside or graftonite at lower temperatures, although some of these also nucleated as separate crystals. The IIIAB phosphates are carriers of a group of incompatible lithophile elements: Fe, Mn, Na, Ca, and K, and, rarely, Mg as well as Pb. These elements land O) were concentrated in a residual, S-rich liquid during igneous fractional crystallization of the IIIAB core mass. The phosphates formed by oxidation of P as the core solidified and excluded O, which increased its partial pressure in the residual liquid. The trace siderophile trends in bulk IIIAB metal are paralleled by a mineralogical trend of the phosphate minerals that formed. For IIIAB meteorites with low-Ir contents in the metal, the phosphates are mainly Fe-Mn phases; at intermediate Ir values, more Na-bearing phosphates appear; at the highest Ir values, the rarer Na-, K-, Mg-, Cr-, and Pb-bearing phosphates appear. The absence of significant amounts of Mg, Si, Al, and Ti suggest depletion of these elements in the core by the overlying mantle. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Olsen, EJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. OI Davis, Andrew/0000-0001-7955-6236 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 34 IS 2 BP 285 EP 300 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 180LM UT WOS:000079387500011 ER PT J AU Tanner, DM Miller, WM Peterson, KA Dugger, MT Eaton, WP Irwin, LW Senft, DC Smith, NF Tangyunyong, P Miller, SL AF Tanner, DM Miller, WM Peterson, KA Dugger, MT Eaton, WP Irwin, LW Senft, DC Smith, NF Tangyunyong, P Miller, SL TI Frequency dependence of the lifetime of a surface micromachined microengine driving a load SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article ID WEAR AB Experiments have been performed on surface micromachined microengines driving load gears to determine the rotational frequency dependence on median cycles to failure. A sample of 272 microengines, each driving a load, was stressed at eight different frequencies. Frequency dependence was observed and a model was developed based on fundamental wear mechanisms and forces exhibited in resonant mechanical systems. Stressing loaded microengines caused observable wear in the rotating joints and in a few instances led to fracture of the pin joint in the drive gear. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tanner, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1081, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 401 EP 414 DI 10.1016/S0026-2714(98)00248-0 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 206QH UT WOS:000080890200010 ER PT J AU Montarges, E Michot, LJ Ildefonse, P AF Montarges, E Michot, LJ Ildefonse, P TI Ga-13-polyethyleneoxide-modified smectites: relationship between physico-chemical properties and local pillar structure SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE EXAFS; gallium; montmorillonite; saponite; XRD ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; AL-13 POLYCATIONS; THERMAL-STABILITY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CLAY CATALYSTS; ALUMINUM; AL; MONTMORILLONITE; HYDROLYSIS; GAAL12 AB Clay-based microporous materials were synthesized by replacing the interlayer cations of a natural montmorillonite and of two synthetic saponites with Ga,, polycations. The resulting materials were further modified by adding various amounts of polyethyleneoxide (PEO) in the pillaring solutions. X-ray diffraction, chemical analyses and nitrogen adsorption measurements show that the pillared products are structurally analogous to materials synthesized using Al-13 polycations and present similar physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the properties of Ga-13-PEO-modified montmorillonites evolve in the same way as those of Al-13-PEO-modified samples. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ga-K edge was used for investigating the local environment of gallium atoms constituting the interlayer pillars. Such results can then be transferred to aluminum pillars. For each synthesis, involving PEO or not, with montmorillonite or with saponite, gallium pillars exhibit the same local environment on samples synthesized without PEG, which could be related to the collapse of the initial pillar structure. On the other hand, when PEO is used as a pillaring co-agent, the local pillar structure is conserved. After calcination, gallium-pillared montmorillonite exhibits a significant decrease of Ga-O distances and of the number of oxygen and gallium backscatters, which suggests that the Ga-13 structure is not conserved upon heating. Gallium neighbors are even less numerous for calcined samples synthesized with PEO in the pillaring solution. Pillared saponites are less highly affected by calcination, that shows that, when layer charge is tetrahedrally located, the destruction of pillars upon heating is reduced. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lab Environm Mineral, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Nancy, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75252 Paris 05, France. IPGP, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Montarges, E (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiden, SC 29802 USA. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 83 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S1387-1811(98)00289-3 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 185QX UT WOS:000079682000009 ER PT J AU Horstemeyer, MF McDowell, DL McGinty, RD AF Horstemeyer, MF McDowell, DL McGinty, RD TI Design of experiments for constitutive model selection: application to polycrystal elastoviscoplasticity SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LOCALIZED DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM; PLASTICITY; BEHAVIOR; STRAIN; METALS; CREEP AB To bridge length scales in plastic flow of polycrystalline fee metals, the salient features of 3D polycrystalline elastoviscoplasticity at the crystal level (mesoscale) were studied to determine the relative influences on macroscale behaviour. This 3D study builds upon the 2D planar double-slip analysis performed by Horstemeyer and McDowell in which the relative influence of the constitutive-law features on macroscale properties in polycrystal plasticity were quantified for oxygen-free, high-conductivity copper. The mesoscale constitutive-law features considered include single-crystal elastic properties, slip-system-level hardening law, latent hardening, slip-system-level kinematic hardening, and intergranular constraint relation. Volume-averaged macroscale responses included the effective Bow stress, plastic spin, elastic moduli, hardening behaviour, and axial extension (for the free-end torsion case). Each response was evaluated at 10% and 50% effective strain levels under rectilinear shear straining. In the existing literature, only one type of behaviour (e.g, texture or stress-strain response) is typically considered when assessing these various elements of the constitutive framework. In this paper, we develop a more comprehensive understanding of the relative importance of constitutive-law features as deformation proceeds. This study suggests that the design of experiments methodology is a valuable tool to assist in selecting relevant features for polycrystalline simulations and for development of macroscale unified-creep-plasticity models. In general, the results indicated that the intergranular constraint and kinematic hardening were more influential overall than the type of constitutive model used, whether isotropic or anisotropic elasticity was used, and whether or not latent hardening was used. Finally, 3D results were similar to the previous 2D planar double-slip study of Horstemeyer and McDowell, except that latent hardening had a stronger influence on the 3D macroscale responses than the 2D macroscale responses. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Engn Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Horstemeyer, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Engn Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 62 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 7 IS 2 BP 253 EP 273 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/7/2/008 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 193VY UT WOS:000080159500008 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Hurt, R Calo, J Kerstein, A AF Hu, Y Hurt, R Calo, J Kerstein, A TI Kinetics of orientational order/disorder transitions and their application to carbon material synthesis SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; MESOPHASE PITCH; CARBONIZATION; SIMULATION AB This paper treats the kinetics of the orientational order/disorder transitions with special application to liquid crystalline transitions in which molecular mobility is severely limited. Potential applications include non-equilibrium cooling of isotropic liquid phases, lyotropic transitions in which the liquid crystal forming species are dissolved or suspended in viscous solvents and the synthesis of carbon materials from condensed phase organic starting materials. It will be demonstrated that a simple hard line simulation embodying the essential competition between growth rate and mobility in ensembles of canonical anisometric objects can mimic the formation of nanostructures in several important classes of carbon materials. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hurt, R (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Box D,182 Hope St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 7 IS 2 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/7/2/009 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 193VY UT WOS:000080159500009 ER PT J AU Baker, KA Dutch, RE Lamb, RA Jardetzky, TS AF Baker, KA Dutch, RE Lamb, RA Jardetzky, TS TI Structural basis for paramyxovirus-mediated membrane fusion SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA HEMAGGLUTININ; CELL-FUSION; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; VIRUS-CELL; HIV-1 GP41; GLYCOPROTEIN; DOMAIN; PEPTIDE; RESOLUTION; SIMILARITY AB Paramyxoviruses are responsible for significant human mortality and disease worldwide, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their entry into host cells remain poorly understood. We have solved the crystal structure of a fragment of the simian parainfluenza virus 5 fusion protein (SV5 F), revealing a 96 Angstrom long coiled coil surrounded by three antiparallel helices. This structure places the fusion and transmembrane anchor of SV5 F in close proximity with a large intervening domain at the opposite end of the coiled coil. Six amino acids, potentially part of the fusion peptide, form a segment of the central coiled coil, suggesting that this structure extends into the membrane. Deletion mutants of SV5 F indicate that putative flexible tethers between the coiled coil and the viral membrane are dispensable for fusion. The lack of flexible tethers may couple a final conformational change in the F protein directly to the fusion of two bilayers. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Cell Biol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA USA. RP Jardetzky, TS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Cell Biol, 2153 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM jardetz@tochtli.biochem.nwu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-23173, AI-38972, F32AI-09607] NR 45 TC 303 Z9 311 U1 2 U2 7 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 3 IS 3 BP 309 EP 319 DI 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80458-X PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 181TV UT WOS:000079459300005 PM 10198633 ER PT J AU Barash, I Faerman, A Richenstein, M Kari, R Damary, GM Shani, M Bissell, MJ AF Barash, I Faerman, A Richenstein, M Kari, R Damary, GM Shani, M Bissell, MJ TI In vivo and in vitro expression of human serum albumin genomic sequences in mammary epithelial cells with beta-lactoglobulin and whey acidic protein promoters SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE transgenics; beta-lactoglobulin; whey acidic protein; variegated expression; mammary epithelial cells ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; TRANSGENIC MICE; GENE-EXPRESSION; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; HUMAN ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN; HORMONAL-REGULATION; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; DUAL REGULATION; MILK PROTEIN AB The expression pattern of human serum albumin (HSA) in transgenic mice carrying various HSA genomic sequences driven either by the mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) or the sheep beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) promoters, was compared. The pattern of HSA expression in both WAP/HSA and BLG/HSA transgenic lines was copy number independent, and the major site of ectopic expression was the skeletal muscle. Although an equal proportion of expressors was determined in both sets of mice (similar to 25% secreting >0.1 mg/ml), the highest level of HSA secreted into the milk in the WAP/HSA transgenic lines was one order of magnitude lower than in the BLG/HSA lines. Despite this difference, the HSA expression patterns in the mammary gland were similar and consisted of two levels of variegated expression. Studies using mammary explant cultures revealed a comparable responsiveness to the lactogenic hormones insulin, hydrocortisone, and prolactin, although the WAP/HSA gene constructs were more sensitive to the hydrocortisone effect than were the BLG/HSA vectors. When HSA vectors were stably transfected into the mouse mammary cell line CID-9, they displayed a hierarchy of expression, dependent upon the specific complement of HSA introns included. Nevertheless, the expression of HSA in four out of five WAP/HSA constructs was similar to their BLG/HSA counterparts. This construct-dependent, and promoter-independent, hierarchy was also found following transfection into the newly established Golda-1 ovine mammary epithelial cell line. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 52.241-252, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Anim Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Barash, I (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Anim Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 52 IS 3 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199903)52:3<241::AID-MRD1>3.3.CO;2-O PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 162FD UT WOS:000078334100001 PM 10206655 ER PT J AU Hunke, EC Zhang, Y AF Hunke, EC Zhang, Y TI A comparison of sea ice dynamics models at high resolution SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATLANTIC CIRCULATION; NUMERICAL-MODEL; SIMULATION; CLIMATE; OCEAN AB An elastic-viscous-plastic (EVP) model fur sea ice dynamics has recently been proposed as a computationally efficient alternative to the viscous-plastic (VP) model widely in use. The EVP model features a fully explicit discretization that improves the model's efficiency, particularly on high-resolution grids, and adapts easily to parallel computation. Comparison of two high-resolution Arctic sea ice simulations, identical except for the ice dynamics, indicates that the EVP model reproduces the VP model behavior on timescales relevant to climate studies. The ice concentration and thickness distributions over a l-yr integration period are remarkably similar in the two models, although the EVP model responds more rapidly and accurately to strong synoptic weather systems than does the VP model, compared to drifting Arctic buoys. A close look at rates of strain shows that elastic waves in the EVP model do not significantly alter the ice behavior in highly compact areas, where the waves most benefit numerical efficiency. Internal stress of the ice is also similar in the two models; both deviate from viscoplasticity in regions of nearly rigid ice and in regions of low concentration undergoing approximately free drift motion. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OCH-Zh, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM zhangy@meeker.ucar.edu NR 20 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 127 IS 3 BP 396 EP 408 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<0396:ACOSID>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 171NH UT WOS:000078869700009 ER PT J AU Munitz, A Livne, Z Rawers, JC Adams, JS Fields, RJ AF Munitz, A Livne, Z Rawers, JC Adams, JS Fields, RJ TI Effect of nitrogen on the mechanical properties and microstructure of hot isostatically pressed nanograined Fe SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS; COMPACTION; POWDERS AB The effect of nitrogen content in Fe powders on the mechanical properties and microstructure of cold isostatic pressed (CIPed) and sintered or hot isostatic pressed (HIPed) Fr powders which was produced by attrition ball milling was investigated. Microhardness and compression tests were used to determine the mechanical properties. Optical. scanning, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructural changes that occurred Juring consolidation. Sintering of the CIPed bodies at temperatures below 850 degrees C caused no change in density, with only minor mechanical properties improvement. and the bodies remained friable. HIPing was found to be essential for effective consolidation of ball-milled powders. Increasing HIPing temperatures increased the density, the compression yield stress, the maximum compressive strength, and the hardness to a maximum value and then decreased. The maximum in density preceded the maximum in the compression yield stress, and its value depends on the nitrogen content in the powder. At low HIPing temperatures (<580 degrees C) the nitrogen content has no influence on the mechanical properties. However, above 580 degrees C, the nitrogen content reduces the mechanical properties as well as density. and increases the oxide precipitation. There are two microstructural effects of nitrogen on the microstructure: void formation in the Fr bodies HIPed above 580 degrees C for the higher nitrogen concentrations, and severe grain boundary embrittlement above 965 degrees C. Iron bodies processed in argon have smaller grain size than iron bodies processed in nitrogen throughout the entire consolidation temperature range. However, due to the smaller grain size, the optimum in mechanical properties (maximum strength with reasonable elongation) is reached only above 965 degrees C. Processing in argon improves machinability. (C) 1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 Nucl Res Ctr Negev, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. US DOE, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Munitz, A (reprint author), Nucl Res Ctr Negev, POB 9001, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 159 EP 177 DI 10.1016/S0965-9773(99)00029-X PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 211QP UT WOS:000081172200002 ER PT J AU Start, DFH Jacquinot, J Bergeaud, V Bhatnagar, VP Conroy, SW Cottrell, GA Clement, S Ericsson, G Eriksson, LG Fasoli, A Fuchs, V Gondhalekar, A Gormezano, C Gorini, G Grosshoeg, G Guenther, K Harbour, PJ Heeter, RF Horton, LD Howman, AC Jackel, HJ Jarvis, ON Kallne, J Davies, CNL Lawson, KD Lowry, CG Mantsinen, MJ Marcus, FB Monk, RD Righi, E Rimini, FG Sadler, GJ Saibene, G Sartori, R Schunke, B Sharapov, SE Sips, ACC Stamp, MF Tardocchi, M van Belle, P AF Start, DFH Jacquinot, J Bergeaud, V Bhatnagar, VP Conroy, SW Cottrell, GA Clement, S Ericsson, G Eriksson, LG Fasoli, A Fuchs, V Gondhalekar, A Gormezano, C Gorini, G Grosshoeg, G Guenther, K Harbour, PJ Heeter, RF Horton, LD Howman, AC Jackel, HJ Jarvis, ON Kallne, J Davies, CNL Lawson, KD Lowry, CG Mantsinen, MJ Marcus, FB Monk, RD Righi, E Rimini, FG Sadler, GJ Saibene, G Sartori, R Schunke, B Sharapov, SE Sips, ACC Stamp, MF Tardocchi, M van Belle, P TI Bulk ion heating with ICRH in JET DT plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID D-T FUSION; CURRENT DRIVE; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; TOKAMAKS; RANGE AB Reactor relevant ICRH scenarios have been assessed during DT experiments on the JET tokamak using H mode divertor discharges with ITER-like shapes and safety factors. Deuterium minority heating in tritium plasmas was demonstrated for the first time. For 9% deuterium, an ICRH power of 6 MW gave 1.66 MW of fusion power from reactions between suprathermal deutrons and thermal tritons. The Q value of the steady state discharge reached 0.22 for the length of the RF flat-top (2.7 s), corresponding to three plasma energy replacement times. The Doppler broadened neutron spectrum showed a deuteron energy of 125 keV, which was optimum for fusion and close to the critical energy. Thus, strong bulk ion heating was obtained at the same time as high fusion efficiency. Deuterium fractions around 20% produced the strongest ion heating together with a strong reduction of the suprathermal deuteron tail. The ELMs had low amplitude and high frequency and each ELM transported less plasma energy content than the 1% required by ITER. The energy confinement time, on the ITERH97-P scale, was 0.90, which is sufficient for ignition in ITER. He-3 minority heating, in approximately 50:50 DT plasmas with up to 10% He-3, also demonstrated strong bulk ion heating. Central ion temperatures up to 13 keV were achieved, together with central electron temperatures up to 12 keV. The normalized H mode confinement time was 0.95. Second harmonic tritium heating produced energetic tritons above the critical energy. This scheme heats the electrons in JET, unlike in ITER where the lower power density will allow mainly ion heating. The inverted scenario of tritium minority ICRH in a deuterium plasma was demonstrated as a successful heating method producing both suprathermal neutrons and bulk ion heating. Theoretical calculations of the DT reactivity mostly give excellent agreement with the measured reaction rates. C1 Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, CEN Cadarache, DRFC Associat Euratom, St Paul Durance, France. Uppsala Univ, Dept Neutron Res, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ctr Canadian Fus Magnetique, Varennes, PQ, Canada. Univ Milan, INFN, Dept Phys, I-20122 Milan, Italy. CNR, Piero Caldirol Inst Plasma Phys, Milan, Italy. Chalmers Univ Sci & Technol, Gothenburg, Sweden. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham, Oxon, England. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, NET Team, Garching, Germany. Helsinki Univ Technol, Assoc EURATOM Tekes, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. RP Jacquinot, J (reprint author), Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. RI Mantsinen, Mervi/B-8023-2016; Fuchs, Vladimir/H-4701-2014 OI Mantsinen, Mervi/0000-0001-9927-835X; NR 34 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 321 EP 336 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/3/303 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 192TR UT WOS:000080095900003 ER PT J AU Barletta, WA Lee, EP Bonifacio, R De Salvo, L AF Barletta, WA Lee, EP Bonifacio, R De Salvo, L TI Limitations on plasma acceleration due to synchrotron losses SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB In this letter we consider the effect of synchrotron radiation losses due to the betatron motion of the electron beam in its self-induced magnetic field in a plasma acclerator taking into account the charge neutralization factor. The most favorable case is where the plasma density is smaller than the beam density. The contrary regime is strongly disfavored by the synchrotron radiation loss for beams with characteristics for TeV energies. In both cases we find that upon increasing the plasma density the synchrotron losses kill the acceleration process, so that there are limitations on the maximum allowable plasma density. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, INFM, Sez Milano,Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Lee, EP (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP 256 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01306-0 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 173JF UT WOS:000078976800007 ER PT J AU Kramer, SL Wang, JM AF Kramer, SL Wang, JM TI Beam induced RF cavity transient voltage SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE beam loading; transient voltage; RF superconducting cavity ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB We calculate the transient voltage induced in a radio frequency (RF) cavity by the injection of a relativistic bunched beam into a circular accelerator, A simplified model of the beam induced voltage, using a single tone current signal, is generated and compared with the voltage induced by a more realistic model of a point-like bunched beam. The high Q limit of the bunched beam model is shown to be related simply to the simplified model. Both model's are shown to induce voltages at the resonant Frequency omega(r) of the cavity and at an integer multiple of the bunch revolution frequency (i.e. the accelerating frequency for powered cavity operation) h omega(0). The presence of two nearby frequencies in the cavity leads to a modulation of the carrier wave exp(jh omega(0)t). A special emphasis is placed in this paper on studying the modulation function. These models prove useful for computing the transient voltage induced in superconducting RF cavities, which was the motivation behind this research. The modulation of the transient cavity voltage discussed in this paper is the physical basis of the recently observed and explained new kind of longitudinal rigid dipole mode which differs from the conventional Robinson mode. 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kramer, SL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP 260 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01369-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 173JF UT WOS:000078976800008 ER PT J AU Burks, M Beuville, E Cwetanski, P Retiere, F Smirnov, N Trentalange, S Wieman, H AF Burks, M Beuville, E Cwetanski, P Retiere, F Smirnov, N Trentalange, S Wieman, H TI A gas microstrip detector with low noise preamplifier/shaper integrated onto a common silicon substrate SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE microstrip microgap vertex detectors TPC ID CHAMBERS; GLASS AB Gas microstrip detectors have been integrated with low noise preamplifier and shaper electronics on a common silicon substrate. These devices were fabricated at the Hewlett-Packard company using a standard 0.8 mu m process. This unique approach offers advantages over conventional microstrip design: ease of fabrication, lower noise, and higher channel density. The detetector/electronics assembly was tested in a small drift chamber. nn energy resolution of 18% FWWM and a noise level of 80 e(-) r.m.s per channel were obtained with a gas gain of about 200. These integrated microstrip detectors are being developed as the readout devices for a small, high-resolution Time Projection Chamber (MicroTPC). Low mass and high resolution make the MicroTPC well suited for use as a vertex detector, especially in high track-density environments such as RHIC and the LHC. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Fachbereich Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. Yale Univ, WSNL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Burks, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP 282 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01290-X PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 173JF UT WOS:000078976800011 ER PT J AU Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Grim, GP Lander, RL Li, Z Willard, S AF Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Grim, GP Lander, RL Li, Z Willard, S TI First results on radiation damage studies using n(+)/p(/)p(+) diodes fabricated with multi-guard ring structures SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE PIN diodes; irradiation; multi-guard ring structures AB First measurements of silicon PIN diodes and multi-guard structures, fabricated from 10 k Omega cm p-type material in an n(+)/p/p(+) configuration are presented. Studies of the effects of irradiation with 2.0 x 10(14) p/cm(2) at 63.3 MeV on the charge collection efficiency, leakage current, and breakdown are presented, along with studies of different guard ring configurations. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. EM gpgrim@ucdavis.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01305-9 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 173JF UT WOS:000078976800012 ER PT J AU Menlove, HO Wenz, TR AF Menlove, HO Wenz, TR TI Measurements of impure reactor-grade plutonium using the increase in totals neutrons from plutonium-241 decay SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB We have developed a new technique to obtain accurate measurements of impure plutonium mass using neutron counting. The: technique is based on making two or more totals neutron measurements with a time separation that is long enough to measure the decay of Pu-241 (T-1/2 = 14.7 y) to Am-241. Because of the excellent precision for totals neutron counting, short measurement intervals are adequate and time separations as short as a few months can give useful results. The known change of the plutonium: isotopics. with time can be used to calculate the alpha value [(alpha, n) to spontaneous fission ratio]. The alpha value can be accurately calculated for pure oxide samples however, for impure samples, the alpha value must be determined from a measurement such as multiplicity counting or the totals neutron counting in the present technique. For bulk samples with significant neutron multiplication, the neutron coincidence (doubles) count is needed to calculate the Pu-240-effective mass. However, for waste samples such as 200-L drums or other very dilute plutonium loadings, the multiplication is unity and the plutonium mass can be calculated directly from the two totals counts without the requirement for coincidence counting. For many present and future applications of reactor-grade plutonium verification impure plutonium is in a storage condition as opposed to active chemical processing. In these storage conditions, the plutonium samples routinely receive repeat measurements over time for the purposes of accountability and international inspection This storage of plutonium facilitates the present dual measurement approach. This paper gives the concept of the new technique as well as an evaluation of the accuracy for different types of plutonium, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Menlove, HO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-5,MS E540, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 423 IS 2-3 BP 394 EP 403 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01257-1 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 173JF UT WOS:000078976800024 ER PT J AU Talou, P Carjan, N Strottman, D AF Talou, P Carjan, N Strottman, D TI Time-dependent approach to bidimensional quantum tunneling: application to the proton emission from deformed nuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE multidimensional tunneling; deformed nuclei; proton emission ID PHASE-SPACE; DRIP-LINE; DECAY; FISSION; STATE AB The time-dependent two-dimensional Schrodinger equation is solved numerically for initial quasi-stationary states which tunnel through an anisotropic, non-separable potential barrier. The time dependence of the decay rate, of the tunneling probability and of its angular distribution are calculated. Applied to the proton emission from deformed nuclei, this approach shows that the escape path chosen by the metastable state depends on the quantum numbers of the initial state (i.e, on its spatial distribution) rather than on the features of the potential. For this reason, there are in general more than one main direction of emission. It is therefore impossible to reduce the problem to one dimension. The importance of the distribution of the angular momentum and its variation in time for the determination of the decay rate is also pointed out. In a couple of cases, no exponential decay was found during the calculated time evolution (2 x 10(-21) s) although more than half of the wavefunction escaped. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Talou, P (reprint author), CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 647 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(99)00005-6 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 175ZK UT WOS:000079125800003 ER PT J AU Srivastava, DK Geiger, K AF Srivastava, DK Geiger, K TI Multiple parton interactions in high-density QCD matter SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; HADRON CONVERSION; TIME DESCRIPTION; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; HADRONIZATION; DYNAMICS; CASCADES AB Multiple interactions of quarks and gluons in high-energy heavy-ion collisions may give rise to interesting phenomena of color charges propagating in high-density QCD matter. We study the dynamics of multi-parton systems produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions at energies corresponding to the CERN SPS and the future BNL RHIC experiments. Due to the complexity of the multi-particle dynamics we choose to employ the parton cascade model. in order to simulate the development of multiple parton scatterings and associated stimulated emission processes. Our results indicate a non-linear increase with nuclear mass A of, e.g., parton multiplicity, energy density, strangeness. If multiple interactions are suppressed and only primary-primary parton scatterings (no re-interactions) are considered, we witness a linear behavior for the above quantities. It remains to be studied whether these results on the parton level, can be experimentally seen in final-state observables, such as the charged particle multiplicity, the magnitude of produced transverse energy, or the number of produced strange hadrons. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Calcutta 700064, W Bengal, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Srivastava, DK (reprint author), Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, 1-AF Bidham Nagar, Calcutta 700064, W Bengal, India. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 647 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(99)00003-2 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 175ZK UT WOS:000079125800008 ER PT J AU Hurth, T Skenderis, K AF Hurth, T Skenderis, K TI Quantum Noether method SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-MAGNETIC DUALITY; NONABELIAN GAUGE-THEORIES; YANG-MILLS THEORIES; CAUSAL CONSTRUCTION; SUPERGRAVITY THEORY; BRS COHOMOLOGY; FIELD-THEORY; RENORMALIZATION; QUANTIZATION; INVARIANCE AB We present a general method for constructing perturbative quantum field theories with global symmetries. We start from a free non-interacting quantum field theory with given global symmetries and we determine all perturbative quantum deformations assuming the construction is not obstructed by anomalies. The method is established within the causal Bogoliubov-Shirkov-Epstein-Glaser approach to perturbative quantum field theory (which leads directly to a finite perturbative series and does not rely on an intermediate regularization), Our construction can be regarded as a direct implementation of Noether's method at the quantum level, We illustrate the method by constructing the pure Yang-Mills theory (where the relevant global symmetry is BRST symmetry), and the N = 1 supersymmetric model of Wess and Zumino. The whole construction is done before the so-called adiabatic limit is taken. Thus, all considerations regarding symmetry, unitarity and anomalies are well defined even for massless theories, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst Phys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Theoret Fys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM hurth@mppmu.mpg.de; kostas.skenderis@fys.kuleuven.ac.be NR 69 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 541 IS 3 BP 566 EP 614 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00813-X PG 49 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 170FM UT WOS:000078795700002 ER PT J AU Bower, G AF Bower, G TI QCD tests using b(b)over-bar g events and a new measurement of the B-hadron energy spectrum SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT QCD 98 Euroconference CY JUL 02-08, 1998 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP European Commiss, Montpellier Town & Dist, Univ Montpellier 2 ID JETS AB We present new studies of 3-jet final states from hadronic Z(0) decays recorded by the SLD experiment, in which jets are identified as quark, antiquark or gluon. Our gluon energy spectrum, measured over the full kinematic range, is consistent with the predictions of QCD, and we derive a limit on an anomalous chromomagnetic bbg coupling. We measure the parity violation in Z(0) decays into b(b) over bar g to be consistent with the predictions of electroweak theory and QCD, and perform new tests of T- and CP-conservation at the bbg vertex. We also present a new technique for reconstructing the energy of a B hadron using the set of charged tracks attached to a secondary vertex. The B hadron energy spectrum is measured over the full kinematic range, allowing improved tests of predictions for the shape of the spectrum. The average scaled energy is measured to be < x(B) > = 0.719 +/- 0.005(stat.) (Preliminary). C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bower, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 74 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00178-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 195YG UT WOS:000080279500057 ER PT J AU Blum, T AF Blum, T TI Domain wall fermions in vector gauge theories SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID CHIRAL FERMIONS; LATTICE; QUARKS; QCD; OVERLAP AB I review domain wall fermions in vector gauge theories. Following a brief introduction, the status of lattice calculations using domain wall fermions is presented. I focus on results from QCD, including the light quark masses and spectrum, weak matrix elements, the n(f) = 2 finite temperature phase transition, and topology and zero modes and conclude with topics for future study. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM tblum@wind.phy.bnl.gov NR 40 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 167 EP 179 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85016-6 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000015 ER PT J AU Blum, T Soni, A Wingate, M AF Blum, T Soni, A Wingate, M TI Light quark masses using domain wall fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID MATRIX-ELEMENTS; LATTICE QCD AB We compute the one-loop self-energy correction to the massive domain wall quark propagator. Combining this calculation with simulations at several gauge couplings, we estimate the strange quark mass in the continuum limit. The perturbative one-loop mass renormalization is comparable to that for Wilson quarks and considerably smaller than that for Kogut-Susskind quarks. Also, scaling violations appear mild in comparison to other errors at present. Given their good chiral behavior and these features domain wall quarks are attractive for evaluating the light quark masses. Our preliminary quenched result is m(s)(2 GeV) = 82(15) MeV in the <(MS)over bar> scheme. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM tblum@wind.phy.bnl.gov; soni@penguin.phy.bnl.gov; wingate@bnl.gov OI Wingate, Matthew/0000-0001-6568-988X NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 201 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85022-1 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000021 ER PT J AU Lee, WJ Sharpe, S AF Lee, WJ Sharpe, S TI Partial restoration of flavor or symmetry for chiral staggered fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID LATTICE THEORIES; CONTINUUM-LIMIT AB At non-zero lattice spacing the flavor symmetry of staggered fermions is broken to a discrete subgroup. We show that in the chiral limit the flavor symmetry of the pion effective Lagrangian enlarges to an SO(4) subgroup of the continuum SU(4) symmetry. This provides an explanation for observed degeneracies in the pion spectrum. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B-285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wlee@gita.lanl.gov; sharpe@phys.washington.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 240 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85035-X PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000034 ER PT J AU Bardeen, W Duncan, A Eichten, E Thacker, H AF Bardeen, W Duncan, A Eichten, E Thacker, H TI Evidence for quenched chiral logs SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO AB Using the pole shifting procedure of the modified quenched approximation (MQA) to cure the exceptional configuration problem, accurate hadron spectrum calculations can be obtained at very light quark mass. Here we use the MQA to extend and improve our previous investigation of chiral logs in the pion mass. At beta = 5.7 for Wilson fermions, we see clear evidence for quenched chiral logarithms in the pion mass as a function of quark mass. The size of the observed chiral log exponent delta is in good agreement with the value obtained from a direct calculation of the eta' hairpin diagram. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tony@dectony.phyast.pitt.edu; eichten@fnal.gov; hbt8r@virginia.edu NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 243 EP 245 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85036-1 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000035 ER PT J AU Lee, W Weingarten, D AF Lee, W Weingarten, D TI Continuum limit of scalar masses and mixing energies SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID GLUEBALL; LATTICE AB We evaluate the continuum limit of the valence approximation to the mass of scalar quarkonium and to the scalar quarkonium-glueball mixing energy for a range of different quark masses. Our results answer several questions raised by the proposed identification of f(0)(1710) as composed primarily of the lightest scalar glueball. C1 IBM Res Corp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP LANL, T-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wlee@gita.lanl.gov; weingar@watson.ibm.com NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 249 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85038-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000037 ER PT J AU Lee, FX Leinweber, DB AF Lee, FX Leinweber, DB TI Negative-parity baryon spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID LATTICE FERMION ACTION AB Results are reported for the first calculation of the low-lying spin-1/2 odd-parity octet baryon masses using O(a(2)) improved gluon and fermion actions. Methods for removing even-parity ground-state contaminations from the two-point correlation functions at zero and finite momenta are outlined. We investigate the properties of two odd-parity interpolating fields based on the established interpolating fields for the nucleon ground state. Isolation of the lowest-lying odd-parity state appears to be sufficient to begin exploring odd-parity N -->, N-* electromagnetic transition form factors. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Lee, FX (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI Leinweber, Derek/J-6705-2013 OI Leinweber, Derek/0000-0002-4745-6027 NR 8 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 258 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85041-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000040 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, T Chandrasekharan, S Gupta, R Lee, WJ Sharpe, S AF Bhattacharya, T Chandrasekharan, S Gupta, R Lee, WJ Sharpe, S TI Non-perturbative renormalization constants using Ward identities SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID NONPERTURBATIVE O(A) IMPROVEMENT; IMPROVED LATTICE QCD; WILSON FERMIONS; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY AB We extend the application of vector and axial Ward identities to calculate b(A), b(P) and brl coefficients that give the mass dependence of the renormalization constants of the corresponding bilinear operators in the quenched theory. The extension relies on using operators with non-degenerate quark masses. It allows a complete determination of the O(a) improvement coefficients for bilinears in the quenched approximation using Ward Identities alone. Only the scale dependent normalization constants Z(p)(0) (or Z(s)(0)) and Zr are undetermined. We present results of a pilot numerical study using hadronic correlators. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bhattacharya, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B-285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Lee, Weonjong/0000-0002-9040-4134; Chandrasekharan, Shailesh/0000-0002-3711-4998 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 276 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85046-4 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000045 ER PT J AU Gupta, R AF Gupta, R TI Wilson versus Clover fermions: A case for improvement SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID LATTICE AB We present evidence for improvement with tadpole improved clover fermions based on an analysis of the chiral behavior of B-K and the quark condensate. Also presented are a comparison of the mass splittings in the baryon octet and decuplet, a calculation of c(A) using standard 2-point correlation functions, and the problem of zero modes of the Dirac operator. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T8, MS B-285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85061-0 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000060 ER PT J AU Lewis, R Woloshyn, RM AF Lewis, R Woloshyn, RM TI S-wave charmed mesons in lattice NRQCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID HEAVY-LIGHT MESONS; QCD; SPECTRUM AB Heavy-light mesons can be studied using the 1/M expansion of NRQCD, provided the heavy quark mass is sufficiently large. Calculations of the S-wave charmed meson masses from a classically and tadpole-improved action are presented. A comparison of O(1/M), O(1/M-2) and O(1/M-3) results allows convergence of the expansion to be discussed. It is shown that the form of discretized heavy quark propagation must be chosen carefully. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Regina, Dept Phys, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. RP Lewis, R (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 333 EP 335 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85064-6 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000063 ER PT J AU Yamada, N Hashimoto, S Ishikawa, KI Matsufuru, H Onogi, T Tominaga, S AF Yamada, N Hashimoto, S Ishikawa, KI Matsufuru, H Onogi, T Tominaga, S TI Preliminary study of B-B parameter using lattice NRQCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID STATIC LIMIT; RENORMALIZATION; OPERATORS AB We present the preliminary result of the calculation of B-B parameter using lattice NRQCD. The calculation is performed on a 16(3) x 48 quenched lattice at beta = 5.9 with clover light quark. The use of lattice NRQCD enables us to investigate the 1/m(Q) correction from the static limit. The observed mass dependence is well described by the vacuum saturation. We also give the interpretation on the observed mass dependence of lattice matrix elements. C1 Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Yamada, N (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 354 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85071-3 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000070 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, T AF Bhattacharya, T TI f(B) and f(Bs) using NRQCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID MESON DECAY CONSTANTS; LATTICE QCD; B-MESON; HEAVY AB This talk summarizes the quenched calculation of f(B) and f(Bs) presented in [1]. The heavy quark is simulated using an O(1/M-2) improved NRQCD action, and the tadpole improved clover action is used for the light quarks. The axial current includes the O(1/M) corrections in one-loop perturbation theory and the O(1/M-2) ones at tree-level. We discuss the various systematic effects and consistency checks made in the calculation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bhattacharya, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T8, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 369 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85076-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000075 ER PT J AU Kronfeld, AS Hashimoto, S AF Kronfeld, AS Hashimoto, S TI Renormalization of currents for massive fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID LATTICE AB The renormalization of vector and axial-vector currents for massive fermions (in the "Fermilab formalism" ) is discussed. We give results for non-degenerate masses; which are needed for semi-leptonic form factors. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ask@fnal.gov; shoji@fnal.gov OI Kronfeld, Andreas/0000-0003-2716-1149 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 387 EP 389 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85082-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000081 ER PT J AU Ryan, S El-Khadra, A Hashimoto, S Kronfeld, A Mackenzie, P Simone, J AF Ryan, S El-Khadra, A Hashimoto, S Kronfeld, A Mackenzie, P Simone, J TI (B)over-bar -> pi l(nu)over-bar at three lattice spacings SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO AB The increasing accuracy of experimental results fur the exclusive, semileptonic decay (B) over bar --> pi/(v) over bar requires a similarly accurate calculation of the hadronic matrix elements: to determine \ V-ub\. We present preliminary results for the form factors of the B to light meson decay mode. Using results from three lattices in the range 5.7 less than or equal to 3 less than or equal to 6.1 we study the dependence on the lattice spacing. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Loomis Lab Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM sinead@fnal.gov; axk@uiuc.edu; shoji@fnal.gov; ask@fnal.gov; mackenzie@fnal.gov; simone@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 390 EP 392 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85083-X PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000082 ER PT J AU Simone, JN El-Khadra, AX Hashimoto, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Ryan, SM AF Simone, JN El-Khadra, AX Hashimoto, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Ryan, SM TI Estimated errors in vertical bar V-cd vertical bar/vertical bar V-cs from semileptonic D decays SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID LATTICE AB We estimate statistical and systematic errors in the extraction of the CKM ratio \ V-cd\/\ V-cs\ from exclusive D-meson semileptonic decays using lattice QCD and anticipated new experimental results. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM simone@fnal.gov; axk@uiuc.edu; shoji@fnal.gov; ask@fnal.gov; mackenzie@fnal.gov; sinead@fnal.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 393 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85084-1 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000083 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, S El-Khadra, AX Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Ryan, SM Simone, JN AF Hashimoto, S El-Khadra, AX Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Ryan, SM Simone, JN TI B -> Dlv form factors and the determination of vertical bar V-cb vertical bar SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID QUARK EFFECTIVE THEORY; HEAVY; DECAYS AB The zero recoil limit of the B --> Dlv form factors is calculated on the lattice, which provides a model-independent determination of \ V-cb\. Considering a ratio of form factors, in which the bulk of statistical and systematic errors cancel, we obtain a precise result both for h(+)(1) and for h(-)(1). C1 Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hashimoto, S (reprint author), Fermilab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 399 EP 401 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85086-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000085 ER PT J AU Ohta, S Wingate, M AF Ohta, S Wingate, M TI SU(4) pure-gauge string tensions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID DECONFINING PHASE-TRANSITION AB In response to recently renewed interests in SU(N) pure-gauge dynamics with large N, both from M/string duality and from finite-temperature QCD phase structure, we calculate string tensions acting between the fundamental 4, diquark 6 and other color charges in SU(4) pure-gauge theory at temperatures below the deconfining phase change and above the bulk phase transition. Our results suggest 4 and 6 representations have different string tensions, with a ratio of (sigma 6)/(sigma 4) similar to 1.3. We also found the deconfining phase change is not strong. C1 KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Ibaraki, Osaka 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ohta, S (reprint author), KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Ibaraki, Osaka 3050801, Japan. OI Wingate, Matthew/0000-0001-6568-988X NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 435 EP 437 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85096-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000095 ER PT J AU Lagae, JF Sinclair, DK AF Lagae, JF Sinclair, DK TI Domain wall fermions at finite temperature. SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO AB We investigate the properties of domain wall fermions on a set of quenched configurations at non-zero temperature. In particular, we compute the low lying eigenvalues of the DWF operator and study their relation with topology, level crossings and chiral symmetry breaking. We also measure the screening correlators and discuss the dependence on the extent of the extra dimension and the quark mass. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lagae, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 450 EP 452 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85101-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000100 ER PT J AU Kogut, JB Lagae, JF Sinclair, DK AF Kogut, JB Lagae, JF Sinclair, DK TI Thermodynamics of Lattice QCD with massless quarks and chiral 4-fermion interactions. SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO AB We have simulated lattice QCD with an irrelevant 4-fermion interaction and 2 zero mass quarks. The chiral phase transition is observed to be second order and we discuss extraction of critical exponents. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lagae@hep.anl.gov; dks@hep.anl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 471 EP 473 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85108-1 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000107 ER PT J AU de Forcrand, P Perez, MG Hetrick, JE Laermann, E Lagae, JF Stamatescu, IO AF de Forcrand, P Perez, MG Hetrick, JE Laermann, E Lagae, JF Stamatescu, IO TI Local topological and chiral properties of QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID INSTANTONS AB To elucidate the role played by instantons in chiral symmetry breaking, we explore their properties, in full QCD, around the critical temperature. We study in particular spatial correlations between low-lying Dirac eigenmodes and instantons. Our measurements are compared with the predictions of instanton-based models. C1 ETH Zurich, SCSC, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Pacific, Dept Phys, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. Univ Bielefeld, Fac Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FEST, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany. RP de Forcrand, P (reprint author), ETH Zurich, SCSC, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. OI Hetrick, James/0000-0002-0740-2251 NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 578 EP 580 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85143-3 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000142 ER PT J AU Catterall, S Mottola, E Bhattacharya, T AF Catterall, S Mottola, E Bhattacharya, T TI Dynamics of the conformal mode and simplicial gravity SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID QUANTUM-GRAVITY AB We review the derivation of the Liouville action in 2DQG via the trace anomaly and emphasize how a similar approach can be used to derive an effective action describing the long wavelength dynamics of the conformal factor in 4D. In 2D we describe how to make an explicit connection between dynamical triangulations and this continuum theory, and present results which confirm the equivalance of the two approaches. By reconstructing a lattice conformal mode from DT simulations it should be possible to test this equivalence in 4D also. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Catterall, S (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Catterall, Simon/0000-0003-2735-2682 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 792 EP 794 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85205-0 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000204 ER PT J AU Creutz, M AF Creutz, M TI Grassmann integrals by machine SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO AB I present a numerical algorithm for direct evaluation of multiple Grassmann integrals. The approach is exact and suffers no Fermion sign problems. Memory requirements grow exponentially with the interaction range and the transverse size of the system. Low dimensional systems of order a thousand Grassmann variables can be evaluated on a workstation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM creutz@bnl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 819 EP 821 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85213-X PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000212 ER PT J AU Duncan, A Eichten, E Thacker, H AF Duncan, A Eichten, E Thacker, H TI Truncated determinant approach to light dynamical quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO AB Virtual quark effects in lattice QCD are studied in an approach where the infrared modes are included in a. precise and gauge-invariant manner, Bt fixed physical volume the required number of modes does not increase in the continuum limit! and the acceptance is tolerable even for very light quark masses, Topological change distributions at varying quark mass, and the static quark potential, showing the onset of string-breaking, are presented in both QED2 and QCD4. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Duncan, A (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 837 EP 839 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85218-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000217 ER PT J AU Duncan, A Eichten, E Thacker, H AF Duncan, A Eichten, E Thacker, H TI Matching the high momentum modes in a truncated determinant algorithm SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO ID LATTICE QCD; FULL QCD AB Within a truncated determinant algorithm. two alternatives are discussed for including systematically the remaining ultraviolet modes. Evidence is presented that these modes are accurately described ty an effective action involving only small Wilson loops. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Duncan, A (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 840 EP 842 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85219-0 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000218 ER PT J AU Mandula, JE AF Mandula, JE TI Gauge fixing and the Gibbs phenomenon SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO AB We address the question of why global gauge fixing, specifically to the lattice Landau gauge, becomes an extremely lengthy process for large lattices. We construct an artificial "gauge-fixing" problem which has the essential features encountered in actuality. In the limit in which the size of the system to be gauge fixed becomes infinite, the problem becomes equivalent to finding a series expansion in functions which are related to the Jacobi polynomials. The series converges slowly, as expected. It also converges non-uniformly, which is an observed characteristic of gauge fixing. In the limiting example, the non-uniformity arises through the Gibbs phenomenon. C1 US DOE, Div High Energy Phys, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Mandula, JE (reprint author), US DOE, Div High Energy Phys, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 883 EP 885 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85233-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000232 ER PT J AU Chen, D Chen, P Christ, NH Edwards, RG Fleming, GR Gara, A Hansen, S Jung, C Kaehler, AL Kennedy, AD Kilcup, GW Luo, YB Malureanu, CI Mawhinney, RD Parsons, J Sui, CZ Vranas, PM Zhestkov, Y AF Chen, D Chen, P Christ, NH Edwards, RG Fleming, GR Gara, A Hansen, S Jung, C Kaehler, AL Kennedy, AD Kilcup, GW Luo, YB Malureanu, CI Mawhinney, RD Parsons, J Sui, CZ Vranas, PM Zhestkov, Y TI Status of the QCDSP project SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 98) CY JUL 13-18, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP IBM Corp, Univ Colorado, Dept Physics, Council Res & Creative Work, US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV COLORADO AB We describe the completed 8,192-node, 0.4Tflops machine at Columbia as well as the 12,288-node, 0.6Tflops machine assembled at the RIKEN Brookhaven Research Center. Present performance as well as our experience in commissioning these large machines is presented. We outline our on-going physics program and explain how the configuration of the machine is varied to support a wide range of lattice QCD problems, requiring a variety of machine sizes. Finally a brief discussion is given of future prospects for large-scale lattice QCD machines. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Florida State Univ, Supercomp Computat Res Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM chen@ctp.mit.edu; pchen@cuphyb.phys.columbia.edu; nhc@phys.columbia.edu; edwards@scri.fsu.edu; gfleming@phys.columiba.edu; adk@scri.fsu.edu; kilcup@physics.ohio-ostate.edu; rdm@phys.columbia.edu; sui@cuphyb.phys.columbia.edu; vranas@phys.columbia.edu; zhestkov@phys.columbia.edu RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013 OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167 NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 BP 898 EP 900 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)85238-4 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 205KW UT WOS:000080821000237 ER PT J AU Turner, MS AF Turner, MS TI Cosmology solved? Maybe. SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IFT Workshop on Axions CY MAR 13-15, 1998 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Univ Florida Dept Phys, UF Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, UF Off Res & Grad Educ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, US DOE ID BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; COLD DARK-MATTER; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; CONSTANT; DENSITY; MODELS; PERTURBATIONS; FLUCTUATIONS; ANISOTROPY; COMPONENT AB For two decades the hot big-bang model as been referred to as the standard cosmology - and for good reason. For just as long cosmologists have known that there are fundamental questions that are not answered by the standard cosmology and point to a grander theory. The best candidate for that grander theory is inflation + cold dark matter. It holds that the Universe is hat, that slowly moving elementary particles left over from the earliest moments provide the cosmic infrastructure, and that the primeval density inhomogeneities that seed all the structure arose from quantum fluctuations. There is now prima facie evidence that supports two basic tenets of this paradigm. An avalanche of high-quality cosmological observations will soon make this case stronger or will break it. Key questions remain to be answered; foremost among them are: identification and detection of the cold dark matter particles and elucidation of the dark-energy component. These are exciting times in cosmology! C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 72 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00505-2 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 185EY UT WOS:000079656200011 ER PT J AU Hagmann, C Chang, S Sikivie, P AF Hagmann, C Chang, S Sikivie, P TI Axions from string decay SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IFT Workshop on Axions CY MAR 13-15, 1998 CL GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA SP Univ Florida Dept Phys, UF Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, UF Off Res & Grad Educ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, US DOE ID COSMIC STRINGS; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; GOLDSTONE BOSONS; GALAXY FORMATION; GLOBAL STRINGS; EVOLUTION; SIMULATIONS AB We have studied numerically the evolution and decay of axion strings. These global defects decay mainly by axion emission and thus contribute to the cosmological axion energy density. The relative importance of this source relative to misalignment production of axions depends on the spectrum. Radiation spectra for various string loop configurations are presented. They support the contention that the string decay contribution is of the same order of magnitude as the contribution from misalignment. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hagmann, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 72 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00506-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 185EY UT WOS:000079656200012 ER PT J AU Chang, S Hagmann, C Sikivie, P AF Chang, S Hagmann, C Sikivie, P TI Axions from wall decay SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IFT Workshop on Axions CY MAR 13-15, 1998 CL GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA SP Univ Florida Dept Phys, UF Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, UF Off Res & Grad Educ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, US DOE ID CP CONSERVATION; GLOBAL STRINGS AB We discuss the decay of axion walls bounded by strings and present numerical simulations of the decay process. In these simulations, the decay happens immediately, in a time scale of order the light travel time, and the average energy of the radiated axions is [omega(a)] similar or equal to 7m(a) for v(a)/m(a) similar or equal to 500. [omega(a)] is found to increase approximately linearly with ln(v(a)/m(a)). Extrapolation of this behaviour yields [omega(a)] similar or equal to 60m(a) in axion models of interest. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chang, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 72 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00510-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 185EY UT WOS:000079656200016 ER PT J AU Kinion, D van Bibber, K AF Kinion, D van Bibber, K TI The large scale US dark matter axion search SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IFT Workshop on Axions CY MAR 13-15, 1998 CL GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA SP Univ Florida Dept Phys, UF Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, UF Off Res & Grad Educ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, US DOE ID COSMIC AXIONS AB We describe the instrumentation and operations of the microwave cavity axion detector presently taking data at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This experiment, a collaboration of LLNL, MIT, Univ, of Florida, LBNL, Univ, of Chicago, FNAL, and INR/Moscow, has been operating with greater than 90% live time since February 1996 with the objective of exploring the region from 0.3 to 3.0 GHz (1.2 to 12.4 mu eV) at greater than KSVZ sensitivity. In a companion paper (E. Daw) in these proceedings, the data analysis and first results will be described. (See also [1]). C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kinion, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 72 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00513-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 185EY UT WOS:000079656200019 ER PT J AU Avignone, FT Abriola, D Brodzinski, RL Collar, JI Creswick, RJ DiGregorio, DE Farach, HA Gattone, AO Guerard, CK Hasenbalg, F Huck, H Miley, HS Morales, A Morales, J Nussinov, S de Solorzano, AO Reeves, JH Villar, JA Zioutas, K AF Avignone, FT Abriola, D Brodzinski, RL Collar, JI Creswick, RJ DiGregorio, DE Farach, HA Gattone, AO Guerard, CK Hasenbalg, F Huck, H Miley, HS Morales, A Morales, J Nussinov, S de Solorzano, AO Reeves, JH Villar, JA Zioutas, K CA SOLAX Collaboration TI Solar axion experiments using coherent Primakoff conversion in single crystals SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IFT Workshop on Axions CY MAR 13-15, 1998 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Univ Florida Dept Phys, UF Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, UF Off Res & Grad Educ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, US DOE ID BRAGG SCATTERING; INVISIBLE-AXION; DARK-MATTER; PARTICLES; SEARCH AB The results of a 1.94 kg . y pilot search for solar axions with an ultralow background Ge detector are reviewed. The detection method is based on Bragg-coherent Primakoff conversion of axions into photons when the momentum vectors of the axion and photon satisfy the Bragg condition. The theory of the experiment are presented for Ge and TeO2 crystals. Future prospects of large volume experiments are discussed. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. CNEA, TANDAR Lab, Dept Phys, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Altas Energias, Zaragoza, Spain. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RI Villar, Jose Angel/K-6630-2014 OI Villar, Jose Angel/0000-0003-0228-7589 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 72 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00521-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 185EY UT WOS:000079656200027 ER PT J AU Nezrick, F AF Nezrick, F TI Experiment to measure the effect of a magnetic field on the speed of light in vacuum - Fermilab P-877 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IFT Workshop on Axions CY MAR 13-15, 1998 CL GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA SP Univ Florida Dept Phys, UF Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, UF Off Res & Grad Educ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, US DOE ID PARTICLES; PHOTON AB This year marks a centenary in the quest to measure the influence of a magnetic field on the speed of light in vacuum. Quantum Electrodynamics predicts a magnetically induced vacuum birefringence resulting from photon-photon coupling via virtual electron-positron loops. This effect has not yet been directly observed. The present paper presents a general detection technique, describes a previous experiment and gives the motivation and status of a new Fermilab experiment presently in development. The new instrument is a 50m Fabry Perot Interferometer operating within a 30m long 6T magnetic field. Our pursuit of a 0.1% measurement is described. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nezrick, F (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 306,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 72 BP 198 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00525-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 185EY UT WOS:000079656200031 ER PT J AU Tannenbaum, MJ AF Tannenbaum, MJ CA E802 Collaboration TI Short range rapidity correlations from the Bose-Einstein effect and multiplicity fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions - An experimental demonstration SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 08-12, 1997 CL INFN, NATL LABS, FRASCATI, ITALY HO INFN, NATL LABS ID 14.6A GEV/C; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; SI+AU COLLISIONS; INTERMITTENCY; DISTRIBUTIONS; O-16+CU; MOMENTS; FIELDS AB A measurement of the two-particle correlation of identified pions was performed in the E802/E859 magnetic spectrometer on the interval 1.5 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 2.0, delta phi = 0.4 rad, for central (28)Si+Au collisions. It is demonstrated that the two-pion correlation in rapidity is entirely due to Bose-Einstein interference. The directly measured exponential correlation length is xi(y) = 0.20 +/- 0.03 for two pi(-), with strength R(0, 0) similar to 1%, in agreement with previous E802 indirect measurements derived from an analysis of intermittency using Negative Binomial Distributions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tannenbaum, MJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mjt@bnl.gov OI Tannenbaum, Michael/0000-0002-8840-5314 NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 71 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00357-0 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 122DM UT WOS:000076056700041 ER PT J AU White, CG Burnstein, RA Carmack, M Chakravorty, A Chan, A Chen, YC Choong, WS Clark, K Crisler, M Drapala, J Dukes, EC Durandet, C Felix, J Gidal, G Gustafson, HR Ho, C Holmstrom, T Huang, M James, C Jenkins, M Kaplan, DM Kou, Z Lederman, LM Leros, N Longo, MJ Lopez, F Lopez, G Luebke, W Luk, KB Nelson, K Papavassiliou, V Perroud, JP Rajaram, D Rubin, HA Saleh, N Sheng, J Sosa, M Teng, PK Turko, B Volk, J White, SL Yu, C Yu, Z Zyla, P AF White, CG Burnstein, RA Carmack, M Chakravorty, A Chan, A Chen, YC Choong, WS Clark, K Crisler, M Drapala, J Dukes, EC Durandet, C Felix, J Gidal, G Gustafson, HR Ho, C Holmstrom, T Huang, M James, C Jenkins, M Kaplan, DM Kou, Z Lederman, LM Leros, N Longo, MJ Lopez, F Lopez, G Luebke, W Luk, KB Nelson, K Papavassiliou, V Perroud, JP Rajaram, D Rubin, HA Saleh, N Sheng, J Sosa, M Teng, PK Turko, B Volk, J White, SL Yu, C Yu, Z Zyla, P TI Search for direct CP violation in Lambda and Xi hyperon decays SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 08-12, 1997 CL INFN, NATL LABS, FRASCATI, ITALY HO INFN, NATL LABS ID NONCONSERVATION AB A sensitive search for direct CP violation in Xi(-) (<(Xi)over bar>(+)) and Lambda (<(Lambda)over bar>) decays is underway at FNAL. Experiment E871 (HyperCP) intends to perform a precision measurement of the angular distribution of protons (anti-protons) with respect to the helicity axis in the rest frame of the Lambda (<(Lambda)over bar>). The slopes of these distributions give the Decay parameters alpha(Xi)alpha(Lambda) and alpha(Xi)alpha(<(Lambda)over bar>). An asymmetry parameter A in terms of these decay parameters has been defined for which a non-zero value would be unambiguous evidence for direct CP violation. Theoretical predictions for A range from no asymmetry up to similar to 10(-3). HyperCP expects to measure A with an uncertainty of similar to 2 x 10(-4). C1 IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Guanajuato, Leon 37000, Mexico. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP White, CG (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 71 BP 451 EP 456 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00377-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 122DM UT WOS:000076056700061 ER PT J AU Bjorken, JD AF Bjorken, JD TI Multiparticle dynamics 1997: Concluding talk SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 08-12, 1997 CL INFN, NATL LABS, FRASCATI, ITALY HO INFN, NATL LABS AB This contribution to the XXVII Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics held in Frascati, Italy, September, 1997 consists of the following subject matter: 1. Introductory generalities. 2. Brief mention of some of the contributions to the meeting. 3. More extended discussion of a few specialized topics. 4. Discussion of the FELIX initiative for a QCD detector at the LHC. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bjorken, JD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 71 BP 484 EP 494 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00381-8 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 122DM UT WOS:000076056700065 ER PT J AU Chadwick, MB Young, PG Chiba, S Frankle, SC Hale, GM Hughes, HG Koning, AJ Little, RC MacFarlane, RE Prael, RE Waters, LS AF Chadwick, MB Young, PG Chiba, S Frankle, SC Hale, GM Hughes, HG Koning, AJ Little, RC MacFarlane, RE Prael, RE Waters, LS TI Cross-section evaluations to 150 MeV for accelerator-driven systems and implementation in MCNPX SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Review ID FESHBACH-KERMAN-KOONIN; OPTICAL-MODEL ANALYSIS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; MULTISTEP COMPOUND; CONTINUUM SPECTRA; PARTICLE SPECTRA; NEUTRON ENERGIES; NUCLEI; EMISSION AB New accelerator-driven technologies that utilize spallation neutrons, such as the production of tritium and the transmutation of radioactive waste, require accurate nuclear data to model the performance of the target/blanket assembly and To predict neutron production, activation, heating, shielding requirements, and material damage. To meet these needs, nuclear-data evaluations and libraries up to 150 MeV have been developed for use in transport calculations to guide engineering design. By using advanced nuclear models that account for details of nuclear structure and the quantum,nature of the nuclear scattering, significant gains in accuracy can be achieved below 150 MeV where intranuclear cascade calculations become less accurate. Evaluations are in ENDF-6 format for important target/blanket and shielding materials (isotopes of H, C, N, O, Al, Si, P, Ca, Ci; Fe, Ni, Cu, Nb, W: Hg, and Pb) for both incident neutrons and incident protons. The evaluations are based on measured da:ta as well as predictions from the GNASH nuclear model code, which calculates cross sections using Hauser-Feshbach, exciton, and Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin preequilibrium models. Elastic scattering distributions and direct reactions are calculated from the optical model. All evaluations specify production cross sections and energy-angle correlated spectra of secondary light particles as well as production cross sections and energy distributions of heavy recoils and gamma rays. A formalism developed to calculate recoil energy distributions is presented. The use of these nuclear data in the MCNPX radiation transport code is also briefly described. This code merges essential elements of the LAHET and MCNP codes and uses these new data below 150 MeV and intranuclear cascade collision physics at higher energies. Extensive comparisons are shown between the evaluated results and experimental cross-section data to benchmark and validate the evaluated library. In addition, integral benchmarks of calculated and measured kerma coefficients for neutron energy deposition and neutron transmission through an iron slab compared with MCNPX calculations are provided. These evaluations have been accepted into the ENDF/B-VI library as Release 6. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. ECN, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mbchadwick@lanl.gov RI Chiba, Satoshi/E-8193-2014 NR 114 TC 296 Z9 304 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 131 IS 3 BP 293 EP 328 PG 36 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 171QL UT WOS:000078874900001 ER PT J AU Reifman, J Wei, TYC AF Reifman, J Wei, TYC TI PRODIAG: A process-independent transient diagnostic system - I: Theoretical concepts SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-POWER-PLANTS; NEURAL-NETWORK; EXPERT SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION AB A novel first-principles-based diagnostic system called PRODIAG is proposed for on-line detection and identification of faulty components during incipient off-normal process conditions. The concepts of qualitative physics reasoning and function-oriented diagnostics are employed in the design of PRODIAG and result in two unique capabilities not found in other plant-level diagnostic systems. First, PRODIAG is fully portable as it requires only modification of the input files containing the appropriate process schematics information to be able to diagnose single-component failures in different processes/plants. Second, PRODIAG detects unanticipated faults. Hence, it does not require the prespecification and formulation of rules to cover every conceivable fault scenario, and unlike traditional approaches, it is nor likely to misdiagnose unforeseen events. PRODIAG's approach is to map process symptoms Into component faults through a three-step mapping procedure with a knowledge base containing three distinct types of information: qualitative macroscopic balance equation rules, functional classification of process components, and the process piping and instrumentation diagram. The concepts introduced in the proposed diagnostic system are described, and an illustrative example shows how they are used in plant-level diagnostics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Reactor Anal, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reifman, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Reactor Anal, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 131 IS 3 BP 329 EP 347 PG 19 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 171QL UT WOS:000078874900002 ER PT J AU Reifman, J Wei, TYC AF Reifman, J Wei, TYC TI PRODIAG: A process-independent transient diagnostic system - II: Validation tests SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INTELLIGENCE AB The unique capabilities of the first-principles-based PRODIAG diagnostic system to identify unanticipated process component faults and to be ported across different processes/plants through modification of only input data files are demonstrated in two validation tests. The Braidwood Nuclear Power Plant full-scope operator training simulator is used to generate transient data for two plant systems used in the validation tests. The first rest consists of a blind test performed with 39 simulated transients of 20 distinct types in the Braidwood chemical and volume control system. Of the 39 transients, 37 are correctly identified with varying precision within the first 40 s into the transient while the remaining two transients are nor identified. The second validation test consists of a double-blind test performed with 14 simulated transients in the Braidwood component coolant water system. In addition to having no prior knowledge of the identity of the transients, in the double-blind test we also had no prior information regarding the identity of the component faults that the simulator was capable of modeling. All 14 transient events are correctly identified with varying precision within the first 30 s into the transient. The test results provide enough evidence to successfully confirm the unique capabilities of the plant-level PRODIAG diagnostic system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Reactor Anal, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reifman, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Reactor Anal, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 131 IS 3 BP 348 EP 369 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 171QL UT WOS:000078874900003 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, PJ Zhang, S Sahota, MS AF O'Rourke, PJ Zhang, S Sahota, MS TI A parallel, unstructured-mesh methodology for device-scale combustion calculations SO OIL & GAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-REVUE D IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multi-Dimensional Simulation of Engine Internal Flow CY DEC 03-04, 1998 CL RUEIL MALMAISON, FRANCE AB Los Alamos National Laboratories is developing a parallel, unstructured-mesh, finite-volume CFD methodology for the simulation of chemically reactive flows in complex geometries. The methodology is embodied in the Chad (Computational Hydrodynamics for Advanced Design) code. In this report we give an overview of the Chad numerical methodology and present parallel scaling results for calculations of flows in a four-valve Diesel engine. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP O'Rourke, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pjor@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS TECHNIP PI PARIS 15 PA 27 RUE GINOUX, 75737 PARIS 15, FRANCE SN 1294-4475 J9 OIL GAS SCI TECHNOL JI Oil Gas Sci. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 54 IS 2 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.2516/ogst:1999011 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 206GV UT WOS:000080869700004 ER PT J AU Carnes, BA Olshansky, SJ Gavrilov, L Gavrilova, N Grahn, D AF Carnes, BA Olshansky, SJ Gavrilov, L Gavrilova, N Grahn, D TI Human longevity: Nature vs. nurture - Fact or fiction SO PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SENESCENCE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; LIFE-SPAN; MORTALITY; CANCER; MECHANISMS; EVOLUTION; DAMAGE; CONSEQUENCES; PERSPECTIVES C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Natl Opin Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Olshansky, SJ (reprint author), 400 Springside Lane, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [1K02AG00894-01, 1R03AG13698-01, 1K02AG13698-01] NR 83 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0031-5982 J9 PERSPECT BIOL MED JI Perspect. Biol. Med. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 3 BP 422 EP 441 PG 20 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC History & Philosophy of Science; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 200VH UT WOS:000080560400008 PM 10432641 ER PT J AU Kurtz, RJ Hoagland, RG Hirth, JP AF Kurtz, RJ Hoagland, RG Hirth, JP TI Effect of extrinsic grain-boundary defects on grain-boundary sliding resistance SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID MISORIENTATION DEPENDENCE; LATTICE DISLOCATIONS; TWIST BOUNDARIES; ZINC BICRYSTALS; COPPER; SUPERPLASTICITY; MIGRATION; EMISSION; HYDROGEN; MOTION AB A computer simulation was performed to examine the role of extrinsic grain-boundary (GB) defects in the sliding of the Sigma 11, [101]{131} symmetric tilt boundary in aluminium by means of an embedded-atom method potential. The sliding resistance of the equilibrium GB was determined from a computation of the dependence of the boundary energy on in-plane translation of one grain relative to the other. Low-energy faulted structures were found that correspond to unstable intermediate states and the presence of stable partial GB dislocations. Extrinsic dislocations and disconnections were found to lower significantly the sliding stress relative to the equilibrium GB. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kurtz, RJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012 NR 36 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 79 IS 3 BP 665 EP 681 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 175GM UT WOS:000079085100013 ER PT J AU Kurtz, RJ Hoagland, RG Hirth, JP AF Kurtz, RJ Hoagland, RG Hirth, JP TI Computer simulation of extrinsic grain-boundary defects in the Sigma 11, < 101 >{131} symmetric tilt boundary SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID LATTICE DISLOCATIONS; IMAGE FORCE; METALS; MULTIPLICITY; MOTION; STEPS; NI3AL; FCC AB A computer simulation was performed to investigate the structure and properties of extrinsic grain-boundary (GB) defects in the Sigma 11, [101] {131} symmetric tilt boundary. An embedded-atom method potential was employed to represent aluminium. Standard molecular dynamics relaxation techniques were used to compute low-temperature (about OK) equilibrium structures. Extrinsic GB dislocations were introduced into the models by application of the exact anisotropic elastic displacement field for a bicrystal interface. Some dislocations were accompanied by geometrically necessary steps (in which case the pair form a disconnection) to avoid formation of GB faults. The structure and properties of the equilibrium GB were compared with GBs containing steps, dislocations and disconnections. A broad range of GB defects was studied in order to characterize their potential effect on GB sliding resistance. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kurtz, RJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 79 IS 3 BP 683 EP 703 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 175GM UT WOS:000079085100014 ER PT J AU Fisher, IR Kramer, MJ Islam, Z Ross, AR Kracher, A Wiener, T Sailer, MJ Goldman, AI Canfield, PC AF Fisher, IR Kramer, MJ Islam, Z Ross, AR Kracher, A Wiener, T Sailer, MJ Goldman, AI Canfield, PC TI On the growth of decagonal Al-Ni-Co quasicrystals from the ternary melt SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CRYSTALS; AL70NI15CO15; RESISTIVITY; PHASE AB High-quality, single-grain samples of decagonal Al-Ni-Co quasicrystals with volumes of up to 0.8 cm(3) and an approximate composition of Al72Ni11Co17 have been grown from the ternary melt. The precise growth methods and conditions are discussed in detail. X-ray diffraction patterns of crushed single grains and of single-grain samples are exceptionally sharp indicating a high degree of structural order with no evidence of second phases. Transmission electron micrographs also reveal sharp diffraction patterns in the even it layers but diffuse scattering in the odd n layers, indicative of a structure intermediate between the Al73Co27 and Al69Ni31 end members. The electrical resistivity measured directly from cut bars for currents flowing perpendicular to the crystalline direction (i.e. perpendicular to the c axis) is non-metallic, with a broad maximum around 180 K, and a value of approximately 310 mu Omega cm at 300 K. The resistivity for currents flowing parallel to the c axis is metallic and is almost an order of magnitude smaller in value than for i perpendicular to c. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fisher, IR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 17 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 79 IS 3 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1080/13642819908206417 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 175GN UT WOS:000079085200004 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Baker, I Martin, P AF Yang, Y Baker, I Martin, P TI On the mechanism of the paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition in Fe-Al SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN BOUNDARY TUBES; COOLING RATE; ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION AB Single crystals of Fe-40 at.% Al were cold rolled to a variety of strains up to 48%, when cracking occurred. The rolled crystals were heated at 10 K min(-1) to 973 K in a differential scanning calorimeter, whereupon three exothermic peaks were observed. The cold rolling also induced a transition from paramagnetism to ferromagnetism. At room temperature, the ferromagnetism disappeared upon annealing above the lowest-temperature exothermic peak, but at temperatures below 225 K the annealed specimen still showed a larger magnetic susceptibility than the virgin single crystal. Analysis of the possible contributions to the ferromagnetic behaviour suggests that antiphase boundaries (APBs), principally in APE tubes, are the source. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yang, Y (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 21 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 79 IS 3 BP 449 EP 461 DI 10.1080/13642819908206419 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 175GN UT WOS:000079085200006 ER PT J AU Somieski, B Schneibel, JH Hulett, LD AF Somieski, B Schneibel, JH Hulett, LD TI Defects in iron aluminides probed with positrons SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTARY DIFFUSION JUMP; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; ANNIHILATION; FEAL; SPECIFICITY; VACANCIES; SPECTRA; ATOMS AB Positron lifetime spectroscopy and shape analysis of the Doppler broadened position annihilation peak were performed on iron aluminides containing 28 at.%, 40 at.% and 50 at.% Al. The electronic structure of the open volume defects, probably double vacancies, as seen by positron spectroscopy was independent of the heat treatment. Slight increases of the average positron lifetime as a function of quenching temperature indicate densities of double vacancies sufficiently high to cause the positron wavefunction to overlap with more than one defect. Positron lifetimes corresponding to trapping of vacancy-type defects increased with aluminium content. Changes in the shape of the annihilation peak suggest that the addition of aluminium causes a chemical shift of the iron 3d electrons to lower momenta. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Anal Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Somieski, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 208, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM somieski@ornl.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 EI 1362-3036 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 79 IS 3 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1080/095008399177480 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 171LH UT WOS:000078864800004 ER PT J AU Lassmann, K Linsenmaier, C Maier, F Zeller, F Haller, EE Itoh, KM Khirunenko, LI Pajot, B Mussig, H AF Lassmann, K Linsenmaier, C Maier, F Zeller, F Haller, EE Itoh, KM Khirunenko, LI Pajot, B Mussig, H TI Isotopic shifts of the low-energy excitations of interstitial oxygen in germanium SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 98) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL LANCASTER, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, European Commiss, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US Army European Res Off, Lancaster Univ Dept Phys, Inst Phys, European Phys Soc DE Ge : O-1; isotope shift; phonon spectroscopy ID SILICON; ABSORPTION AB The rotational states of O-i in natural Ge as determined by phonon spectroscopy are found to be shifted in isotopically enriched Ge:O-i crystals. These shifts are larger than compatible with the line width in natural Ge if only the motion of the quasi-free Ge-O-Ge molecule is considered. Because of the reduced isotope scattering of the phonons in the enriched Ge the position of higher excited states could be determined. This allows to estimate the height of the axial potential barrier by extending to Ge:O the Yamada-Kaneta model for Si:O. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 1, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Keio Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Physicoinformat, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223, Japan. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-252650 Kiev 22, Ukraine. Univ Denis Diderot, Phys Solides Grp, F-75251 Paris, France. United Monolith Semicond GMBH, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. RP Lassmann, K (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 1, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Itoh, Kohei/C-5738-2014 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 263 BP 384 EP 387 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(98)01391-X PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 180AN UT WOS:000079362700107 ER PT J AU Rohlsberger, R Alp, EE Gerdau, E Leupold, O Quast, KW Ruffer, R Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Burkel, E AF Rohlsberger, R Alp, EE Gerdau, E Leupold, O Quast, KW Ruffer, R Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Burkel, E TI Techniques for inelastic X-ray spectroscopy with mu eV-resolution SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 98) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL LANCASTER, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, European Commiss, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US Army European Res Off, Lancaster Univ Dept Phys, Inst Phys, European Phys Soc DE Mossbauer effect; monochromatization; spectrometer; mu eV resolution ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB We introduce a novel type of spectrometer that provides a mu eV bandpass together with a tunability over a few meV. The technique relies on nuclear resonant scattering (Mossbauer effect) of synchrotron radiation at the 14.4-keV resonance of Fe-57. Energy tuning is achieved by the Doppler effect in high-speed rotary motion. The resonantly scattered monochromatic radiation is extracted by a polarization filtering technique or by spatial separation due to the "nuclear lighthouse effect". (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, Hamburg, Germany. RP Rohlsberger, R (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, August Bebel Str 55, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. RI Rohlsberger, Ralf/J-4173-2013 OI Rohlsberger, Ralf/0000-0001-6005-5183 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 263 BP 574 EP 576 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(98)01428-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 180AN UT WOS:000079362700158 ER PT J AU Rohlsberger, R Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Quast, KW Alp, EE Bernhard, A Metge, J Ruffer, R Burkel, E AF Rohlsberger, R Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Quast, KW Alp, EE Bernhard, A Metge, J Ruffer, R Burkel, E TI Vibrational density of states of thin films measured by inelastic scattering of synchrotron radiation SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 98) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL LANCASTER, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, European Commiss, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US Army European Res Off, Lancaster Univ Dept Phys, Inst Phys, European Phys Soc DE thin films; density of states; synchrotron radiation; Mossbauer effect ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING AB Vibrational spectra of thin films were measured by inelastic nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation in grazing incidence geometry. A strong enhancement of the inelastic signal was obtained by designing the layer system as X-ray waveguide and coupling the incident beam into a guided mode. This effect opens the possibility to study vibrational excitations in thin films that were so far impossible to obtain due to Aux limitations, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Rohlsberger, R (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, August Bebel Str 55, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. EM roehle@physik1.uni-rostock.de RI Rohlsberger, Ralf/J-4173-2013 OI Rohlsberger, Ralf/0000-0001-6005-5183 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 263 BP 581 EP 583 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(98)01259-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 180AN UT WOS:000079362700160 ER PT J AU Kolesnikov, AI Li, JC Ahmad, NC Loong, CK Nipko, J Yocum, D Parker, SF AF Kolesnikov, AI Li, JC Ahmad, NC Loong, CK Nipko, J Yocum, D Parker, SF TI Neutron spectroscopy of high-density amorphous ice SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 98) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL LANCASTER, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, European Commiss, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US Army European Res Off, Lancaster Univ Dept Phys, Inst Phys, European Phys Soc DE amorphous ice; neutron spectroscopy ID SCATTERING; IH; VI; IX AB Vibrational spectra of high-density amorphous ice (hda-ice) for H2O and D2O samples were measured by inelastic neutron scattering. The measured spectra of hda-ice are closer to those for high-pressure phase ice-VI, but not for low-density ice-Ih. This result suggests that similar to ice-VI the structure of hda-ice should consist of two interpenetrating hydrogen-bonded networks having no hydrogen bonds between themselves. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UMIST, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Kolesnikov, AI (reprint author), UMIST, Dept Phys, POB 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RI Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012; OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649; Parker, Stewart/0000-0002-3228-2570 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 263 BP 650 EP 652 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(98)01438-0 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 180AN UT WOS:000079362700177 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Merkle, KL Moeckly, BH Char, K AF Huang, Y Merkle, KL Moeckly, BH Char, K TI The effect of microstructure on the electrical properties of YBCO interface-engineered Josephson junctions SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE Josephson junctions; YBCO layers; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICES; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; HIGH-T-C; BARRIER AB The microstructure of interface engineered ramp-edge Josephson junctions in YBCO has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The junctions are distinctly different from the structures found in heterophase SNS junctions. This structural difference can be directly related to the improved electrical properties of interface engineered junctions. The plasma treatment used in the interface engineering method forms a continuous barrier layer of 2 to 3 nm in thickness, much thinner than the deposited heterophase layers in SNS junctions. The layer, which separates the two YBCO layers, is crystalline, but has a crystal structure different from YBCO. The main factors responsible for the improved junction properties and their good reproducibility are: small barrier thickness, small thickness variation, weak interfacial strain fields, flat and nearly defect-free barrier/YBCO interfaces and good epitaxy of the second YBCO layer with few defects. Possible mechanisms for the formation of the large junction resistance are discussed. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Conductus Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Merkle, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 314 IS 1-2 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(99)00028-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 181ET UT WOS:000079428700005 ER PT J AU He, Q Christen, DK Feenstra, R Norton, DP Paranthaman, M Specht, ED Lee, DF Goyal, A Kroeger, DM AF He, Q Christen, DK Feenstra, R Norton, DP Paranthaman, M Specht, ED Lee, DF Goyal, A Kroeger, DM TI Growth of biaxially oriented conductive LaNiO3 buffer layers on textured Ni tapes for high-T-c-coated conductors SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE applications of high-T-c superconductors; grain alignment (texturing); conductive films; LaNiO3; multilayer; thin films ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; THICK-FILMS; DEPOSITION AB Electrically conductive LaNiO3 buffer layers have been grown on textured nickel tapes by sputter deposition in a reducing atmosphere. These conductive buffered Ni tapes can be employed as long flexible substrates for biaxially aligned high-temperature superconductors, and can electrically stabilize the superconductor during transient loss of superconductivity. Deposition temperatures of about 400 degrees C result in epitaxial growth of LaNiO3 films, while higher deposition temperatures may cause the formation of La2NiO4 films. X-ray theta-2 theta, theta, and phi scans reveal that the LaNiO3 films have good out-of-plane and in-plane orientations of 5 degrees and 9-10 degrees, respectively. Subsequent oxygen anneals at 750 degrees C and 850 degrees C change neither the biaxial orientations of the film nor cause any cracks or other surface defects. The resistivity of the LaNiO3 films can be further reduced by increasing the annealing temperature and oxygen pressure during post-annealing. Highly textured YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films were grown on the LaNiO3-buffered Ni by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Christen, DK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6061, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 314 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(99)00037-4 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 181ET UT WOS:000079428700014 ER PT J AU Barenblatt, GI Chorin, AJ Prostokishin, VM AF Barenblatt, GI Chorin, AJ Prostokishin, VM TI Comment on the paper "On the scaling of three-dimensional homogeneous and isotropic turbulence" by Benzi et al. SO PHYSICA D LA English DT Article DE 2/3 Kolmogorov-Obukhov exponent; local structure; turbulence ID SHEAR FLOWS; DEVELOPED TURBULENCE; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; LAWS AB Benzi et al. presented experimental data and an analysis to the effect that the well-known "2/3" Kolmogorov-Obukhov exponent in the inertial range of local structure in turbulence should be corrected by a small but definitely nonzero amount. We reexamine the very same data and show that this conclusion is unjustified. The data are in fact consistent with incomplete similarity in the inertial range and with an exponent that depends on the Reynolds number and tends to 2/3 in the limit of vanishing viscosity. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117218, Russia. RP Chorin, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Prostokishin, Valeriy/0000-0001-6185-9642 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(98)00289-9 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 177FN UT WOS:000079200000007 ER PT J AU Oppenheim, J Reznik, B Unruh, WG AF Oppenheim, J Reznik, B Unruh, WG TI Time-of-arrival states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS AB Although one can show formally that a time-of-arrival operator cannot exist, one can modify the low-momentum behavior of the operator slightly so that it is self-adjoint. We show that such a modification results in the difficulty that the eigenstates are drastically altered. In an eigenstate of the modified time-of-arrival operator, the particle, at the predicted time of arrival, is found far away from the point of arrival with probability 1/2. [S1050-2947(99)03403-4]. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, CIAR Grav & Cosmol Program, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oppenheim, J (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, CIAR Grav & Cosmol Program, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM jono@physics.ubc.ca; reznik@t6-serv.lanl.gov; unruh@physics.ubc.ca NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 1804 EP 1808 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.1804 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 177WC UT WOS:000079233200017 ER PT J AU Rowe, MA Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK Gwinner, G Shang, SQ Vetter, PA AF Rowe, MA Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK Gwinner, G Shang, SQ Vetter, PA TI Ground-state hyperfine measurement in laser-trapped radioactive Na-21 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CESIUM; BEAM AB We have measured the ground-state hyperfine splitting between the 3S(1/2) F = 2, m = 0 and 3S(1/2) F = 1, m = 0 levels of Na-21. The measurement was performed with microwave spectroscopy on 40 000 radioactive Na-21 atoms (t(1/2) = 22 sec) collected in a magneto-optical trap on-line at the 88-in cyclotron at LBNL. The transition was excited with microwaves directed at the atoms and detected with resonant probe fluorescence light. The splitting nu(HFS) in a zero magnetic field was determined to be 1 906 471 870+/-200 Hz. [S1050-2947(99)02503-2]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rowe, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 1869 EP 1873 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.1869 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 177WC UT WOS:000079233200027 ER PT J AU Ohrwall, G Baltzer, P Bozek, J AF Ohrwall, G Baltzer, P Bozek, J TI Photoelectron spectra of N-2(+): Rotational line profiles studied with HeI-excited angle-resolved spectroscopy and with synchrotron radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MOLECULAR PHOTOIONIZATION; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; BRANCHING RATIOS; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; ASYMMETRY PARAMETERS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; COOPER MINIMUM AB We have recorded angle-resolved He I photoelectron spectra of the three outermost valence states in Nz with high enough resolution to observe rotational lime profiles. For the two Sigma states, the X (2)Sigma(g)(+) and the B (2)Sigma(u)(+), we found that the rotational branches corresponding to different changes in rotational quantum number can differ dramatically in beta value. The well-known difference in beta value for the nu = 0 and nu = 1 vibrations of the X (2)Sigma(g)(+) State was found to be due to different rotational branching ratios and also different beta values of the rotational branches. For the nu = 0 - 2 vibrations of the A (2)Pi(u) state, the beta value difference between rotational branches is much less pronounced than in the X and B states. We have also recorded synchrotron-radiation-excited photoelectron spectra of the nu = 0 vibrational peaks of the X (2)Sigma(g)(+) and B (2)Sigma(u)(+) states where rotational line profiles are resolved. The intensities of the rotational branches were studied as function of photon energy, the X state between 23 and 65 eV, and the B state between 23 and 45 eV. The results for the X state have recently been presented in a Letter [G. Ohrwall, P. Baltzer, and J. Bozek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 546, 1998]. The rotational branching ratios of the two states have very different behaviors as functions of photon energy. The relative intensities of the rotational branches in the X state change significantly over the studied energy range. The 3 sigma(g) --> k sigma(u) shape resonance apparently gives rise to a non-Franck-Condon-like behavior for the rotational branching ratio of the X state. In the B state, the rotational branching ratios remain essentially constant over the studied energy range. [S1050-2947(99)07903-2]. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ohrwall, G (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 1903 EP 1912 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.1903 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 177WC UT WOS:000079233200032 ER PT J AU Marburger, JH Das, KK AF Marburger, JH Das, KK TI Visibility limit in multiparticle eigenstates of definite relative phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE; INTERFERENCE AB We show that if two multiply occupied boson modes are in eigenstates of the Hermitian relative phase operator, then the visibility of fringes formed by the interference between the modes is necessarily less than unity. For large total occupation numbers the visibility becomes V less than or equal to pi/4. States with definite relative phase and unit visibility do exist. They are related to coherent states and are not orthogonal (not eigenstates of a Hermitian phase operator). This visibility limitation may make it possible to investigate experimentally the physical role of the relative phase eigenstates in interference measurements such as those on Bose-Einstein condensates. [S1050-2947(99)01703-5]. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Marburger, JH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 2213 EP 2215 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.2213 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 177WC UT WOS:000079233200066 ER PT J AU Mao, W Balatsky, AV AF Mao, W Balatsky, AV TI Finite density of states in a mixed state of a d(x(2)-y(2))+id(xy) superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OF-STATES AB We have calculated the density of states of quasiparticles in a d(x)(-y)(2)(2)+id(xy) superconductor, and show that in the mixed stale the quasiparticle spectrum remains gapless because of the Doppler shift by superflow. It was found that if the d(xy) order gap Delta(1)proportional to root H as suggested by experiments, then thermal conductivity kappa(alpha) root H in accord with experimental data at lowest temperatures. [S0163-1829(99)01109-1]. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mao, W (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6024 EP 6026 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6024 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178EX UT WOS:000079254300012 ER PT J AU Wu, LJ Zhu, YM Tafto, J AF Wu, LJ Zhu, YM Tafto, J TI Test of first-principle calculations of charge transfer and electron-hole distribution in oxide superconductors by precise measurements of structure factors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY; TEMPERATURE; DIFFRACTION AB We use an approach in electron diffraction, based on quantitative analysis of diffraction intensity of many reflections as a function of sample thickness, to determine Fourier components of the electron distribution in crystals. For short reciprocal vectors our measured accuracy of the Fourier components is, to our knowledge, far beyond previous achievements. This technique is used to study charge transfer and electron-hole distributions in the high-temperature superconductors Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta and YBa2Cu3O7. Our experimental results agree well with electronic structure calculations. [S0163-1829(99)02210-9]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhu@bnl.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6035 EP 6038 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6035 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178EX UT WOS:000079254300015 ER PT J AU Morosin, B Hu, ZB Jorgensen, JD Short, S Schirber, JE Kwei, GH AF Morosin, B Hu, ZB Jorgensen, JD Short, S Schirber, JE Kwei, GH TI Ne intercalated C-60: Diffusion kinetics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE; NEUTRON; FULLERENE; SCATTERING; C60 AB In situ neutron powder-diffraction has been used to probe the: Ne content and diffusion kinetics in C-60 by monitoring the C-60 lattice parameter vs time following step changes in applied Ne pressure. In the face-centered-cubic phase where the C-60 molecules are freely rotating, diffusion is slower for higher Ne pressure. In the primitive cubic phase where the C60 molecules are orientationally ordered, the diffusion rate is slower and is essentially independent of pressure. These observations can be understood in terms of three unequal competing effects. (1) Increasing the external Ne pressure increases the driving force for diffusion; (2) compression of the C-60 lattice slows diffusion with increasing pressure; and, the major one, (3) C-60 molecular dynamics enables and enhances diffusion by a thermally activated "paddle wheel'' effect. The activation energy for such Ne intercalated C-60 reorientational hopping or rotation (similar to 1500 K or 13 kJ/mole) is less than that in pure C-60 (similar to 2600 K or 22 kJ/mole), suggesting the Ne atoms act as ''roller bearings.'' [S0163-1829(99)01309-0]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Morosin, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6051 EP 6057 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6051 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178EX UT WOS:000079254300019 ER PT J AU Jiang, XY Soukoulis, CM AF Jiang, XY Soukoulis, CM TI Transmission and reflection studies of periodic and random systems with gain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WEAK-LOCALIZATION; AMPLIFYING MEDIUM; CLASSICAL WAVES; LIGHT; BACKSCATTERING; AMPLIFICATION; ABSORPTION; LASER AB The transmission ((T) and reflection (R) coefficients are studied in periodic systems and random systems with gain. For both the periodic electronic tight-binding model and the periodic classical many-layered model, we obtain numerically and theoretically the dependence of T and R. The critical length of periodic system L-c(0), above which T decreases with the size of the system L while R approaches a constant value, is obtained to be inversely proportional to the imaginary part epsilon'' of the dielectric function epsilon. For the random system, T and R also show a nonmonotonic behavior versus L. For short systems (L < L-c) with gain < In T >=(l(g)(-1) -xi(0)(-1))L. For large systems (L much greater than L-c,) with gain < In T >= -(l(g)(-1)+xi(0)(-1))L. L-c, l(g), and xi(0) are the critical, gain, and localization lengths, respectively. The dependence of the critical length L-c on epsilon'' and disorder strength W are also given. Finally, the probability distribution of the reflection R for random systems with gain is also examined. Some very interesting behaviors are observed. [S0163-182(99)02809-X]. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jiang, XY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 21 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6159 EP 6166 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6159 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178EX UT WOS:000079254300032 ER PT J AU Louca, D Egami, T AF Louca, D Egami, T TI Local lattice distortions in La1-xSrxMnO3 studied by pulsed neutron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COLOSSAL-MAGNETORESISTANCE MANGANITES; DOPED LAMNO3; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITION; LA1-XCAXMNO3; ORDER; RESISTIVITY AB Pulsed neutron-diffraction measurements were carried out on powder samples of La1-x_,SrxMnO3 (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.5) in order to study the local atomic structure of this system known for its colossal magnetoresistance phenomenon. The results are analyzed in terms of the atomic pair-density function to elucidate the role of local lattice distortion in the magnetic and charge transport properties. It is shown that the Jahn-Teller (JT) distortions are locally present even when the crystallographic structure suggests otherwise, and indicate the formation of small lattice polarons in the insulating phase. Local JT distortions are observed even in the metallic phase up to x = 0.35, suggesting that the charge distribution in the metallic phase just above the metal-insulator transition may not be spatially uniform. It is possible that charges are partially confined by spin and lattice resulting in microscopic separation of the charge-rich and charge-poor regions. [S0163-1829(99)02209-2]. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Res Struct Matter Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 52 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6193 EP 6204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6193 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178EX UT WOS:000079254300037 ER PT J AU Vavassori, P Metlushko, V Osgood, RM Grimsditch, M Welp, U Crabtree, G Fan, WJ Brueck, SRJ Ilic, B Hesketh, PJ AF Vavassori, P Metlushko, V Osgood, RM Grimsditch, M Welp, U Crabtree, G Fan, WJ Brueck, SRJ Ilic, B Hesketh, PJ TI Magnetic information in the light diffracted by a negative dot array of Fe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRIC LITHOGRAPHY; HOLE ARRAYS; PHOTORESIST; LATTICES; FILMS AB We have investigated the magnetic properties of an array of holes in an Fe film using the magneto-optic Kerr effect. We develop the theory of diffraction from an array to include magneto-optic effects. The theory allows us to interpret the differences in the magnetic loops observed on the reflected beam and those observed on diffracted spots. The latter contain more detailed information on the magnetic structure in the vicinity of the holes and allow us to infer differences in the switching mechanism for fields applied along the easy and hard axes. [S0163-1829(99)01509-X]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Vavassori, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Brueck, Steven/A-6383-2013; Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014; Vavassori, Paolo/B-4299-2014; OI Vavassori, Paolo/0000-0002-4735-6640; Brueck, Steven/0000-0001-8754-5633 NR 33 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6337 EP 6343 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6337 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178EX UT WOS:000079254300053 ER PT J AU Koelling, DD AF Koelling, DD TI Long-period oscillation in the magnetic coupling through chromium in a magnetic multilayer: Bulk issues SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION RADIATION; FE/CR MULTILAYERS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PARTIAL CONFINEMENT; BAND STRUCTURES; CR INTERLAYERS; EPITAXIAL CR; FE LAYERS; EXCHANGE AB The long period oscillation of magnetic coupling through Cr as the spacer layer of especially Fe/Cr magnetic multilayers is examined. It is shown that a reasonable empirical adjustment of the d-band position does bring calipers on the N-centered ellipses into agreement with experiment. The lens surface becomes too small and more anisotropic providing further evidence that it is not involved. However, the neck of the jack surface does reach the proper size and so accounts for the photoemission observations. A mechanism of mode coupling to enhance the strength of the long period oscillation is examined and rejected. A thorough examination of the Cr/(V,Mn) alloy spacer data strongly suggests instead a predilection for mode exclusion. [S0163-1829(99)00309-4]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Koelling, DD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6351 EP 6367 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6351 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178EX UT WOS:000079254300055 ER PT J AU Kimura, H Hirota, K Matsushita, H Yamada, K Endoh, Y Lee, SH Majkrzak, CF Erwin, R Shirane, G Greven, M Lee, YS Kastner, MA Birgeneau, RJ AF Kimura, H Hirota, K Matsushita, H Yamada, K Endoh, Y Lee, SH Majkrzak, CF Erwin, R Shirane, G Greven, M Lee, YS Kastner, MA Birgeneau, RJ TI Neutron-scattering study of static antiferromagnetic correlations in La2-xSrxCu1-yZnyO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOPED LA2CUO4; SPIN-GLASS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ORDER; LA2-XBAXCUO4; EXCITATIONS; PURE; SR AB Neutron-scattering measurements have been performed to search for possible elastic incommensurate magnetic peaks in superconducting La2-xSrxCuO4 with x=0.10, 0.12, and 0.15. The most dramatic effects are found for x=0.12; in this case, the peak intensity first appears at the onset of superconductivity T-c (=31 K). The resolution-limited peak width indicates that the static magnetic correlation length exceeds 200 Angstrom isotropically in the CuO2 planes. Weak elastic peaks are also observed at low temperatures for x=0.10 while for x = 0.15 any incommensurate elastic scattering is below the limit of detectability. Elastic peaks are observed in Zn-substituted nonsuperconducting La1.88Sr0.12Cu0.97Zn0.03O4 However, in this case, the Zn substitution degrades the magnetic order; the peak appears at lower temperature (17 K) and the correlation length is shorter (80 Angstrom) than that in the Zn-free x = 0.12 sample. [S0163-1829(99)02909-4]. C1 Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yamada, K (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RI Hirota, Kazuma/C-6797-2008; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009 NR 28 TC 195 Z9 197 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6517 EP 6523 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6517 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178EX UT WOS:000079254300070 ER PT J AU Somieski, B Hulett, LD Xu, J Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF Nielsen, B Asoka-Kumar, P Suzuki, R Ohdaira, T AF Somieski, B Hulett, LD Xu, J Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF Nielsen, B Asoka-Kumar, P Suzuki, R Ohdaira, T TI Microstructure of thermally grown and deposited alumina films probed with positrons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; METAL PLASMA IMMERSION; LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY; KEV ELECTRON; ANNIHILATION; VACANCIES; IRRADIATION; AL2O3; DEFECTS; SOLIDS AB Aluminum oxide films used for corrosion protection of iron and nickel aluminides were generated by substrate oxidation as well as plasma and physical vapor depositions. The films grown by oxidation were crystalline. The others were amorphous. Defect structures of the films were studied by positron spectroscopy techniques. Lifetimes of the positrons, and Doppler broadening of the gamma photons generated by their annihilation, were measured as functions of the energies with which they were injected. In this manner, densities and sizes of the defects were determined as functions of depths from the outer surfaces of the films. Alumina films generated by oxidation had high densities of open volume defects, mainly consisting of a few aggregated vacancies. In the outer regions of the films the structures of the defects did not depend on substrate compositions. Positron lifetime measurements, and the S and W parameters extracted from Doppler broadening spectra, showed uniform distributions of defects in the crystalline Al2O3 films grown on nickel aluminide substrates, but these data indicated intermediate layers of higher defect contents at the film/substrate interfaces of oxides grown on iron aluminide substrates. Amorphous films generated by plasma and physical vapor deposition had much larger open volume defects, which caused the average lifetimes of the injected positrons to be significantly longer. The plasma deposited film exhibited a high density of large cavities. [S0163-1829(99)09409-6]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Electrotech Lab, Quantum Radiat Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Somieski, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM somieskib@ornl.gov RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009; Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040; Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 10 BP 6675 EP 6688 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6675 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 177WG UT WOS:000079233600022 ER PT J AU Sarrao, JL Immer, CD Fisk, Z Booth, CH Figueroa, E Lawrence, JM Modler, R Cornelius, AL Hundley, MF Kwei, GH Thompson, JD Bridges, F AF Sarrao, JL Immer, CD Fisk, Z Booth, CH Figueroa, E Lawrence, JM Modler, R Cornelius, AL Hundley, MF Kwei, GH Thompson, JD Bridges, F TI Physical properties of YbXCu4 (X = Ag, Au, Cd, Mg, Tl, and Zn) compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VALENCE PHASE-TRANSITION; COQBLIN-SCHRIEFFER MODEL; HEAVY-FERMION BEHAVIOR; MAGNETIC-FIELD; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; YBINCU4; YB; PRESSURE; YBAGCU4; YTTERBIUM AB We report a systematic study of the face-centered-cubic compounds YbXCu4 (X = Ag, Au, Cd, Mg, Tl, and Zn), as well as their corresponding nonmagnetic analogues LuXCu4. X-ray diffraction, heat capacity, magnetic susceptibility, high-field magnetization, electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and L-III-edge absorption measurements have been performed. The compounds have Kondo temperatures that range from about 10 K to nearly 1000 K. Although the single-impurity Kondo model qualitatively describes the physical properties of these materials, the quantitative details are not well described and the quality of the fits varies strongly from compound to compound. Compound-to-compound variations in crystal-electric fields, effective valence, and the strength of f-ligand hybridization effects, as well as the influence of intrinsic disorder, may help to explain these discrepancies. [S0163-1829(99)07209-4]. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Sarrao, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 47 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 10 BP 6855 EP 6866 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6855 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 177WG UT WOS:000079233600041 ER PT J AU Paolasini, L Caciuffo, R Roessli, B Lander, GH Myers, K Canfield, PC AF Paolasini, L Caciuffo, R Roessli, B Lander, GH Myers, K Canfield, PC TI Iron spin waves in YFe2 and UFe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ITINERANT FERROMAGNET UFE2; MAGNETISM; INTERMETALLICS; SCATTERING; CEFE2 AB We report the results of neutron inelastic scattering measurements on single crystals of YFe2 and UFe2 with special emphasis on the energy region above similar to 7 meV, which was not reported in our earlier work on UFe2. Iron spin waves have been observed up to 55 meV in YFe2, but in UFe2 such modes become broad at energies above similar to 35 meV. The most surprising aspects in UFe2 are the absence of any observable mode involving the U 5f electrons, and the strong Fe-Fe interactions as judged by the dispersion of the Fe only mode. Since the spectrum in YFe2 can be considered as representing "diluted" Fe in the cubic Laves phase structure, it is particularly useful to compare the results for UFe2 and YFe2. In addition to the increased Fe-Fe interaction (resulting in a larger spin-wave stiffness;than found in pure Fe), there is evidence that the Fe spin wave in UFe2 interacts with a Lambda(1) optic phonon mode in the [111] direction. This phonon represents a breathing between the U and Fe sublattices, and we suggest that it is mediated by the hybridization between the U 5f and Fe 3d electrons. [S0163-1829(99)00510-X]. C1 Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Ancona, Dipartimento Sci Mat & Terra, INFM, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Paolasini, L (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220 X, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; OI Caciuffo, Roberto G. M./0000-0002-8708-6219 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 10 BP 6867 EP 6872 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6867 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 177WG UT WOS:000079233600042 ER PT J AU Katsnelson, MI Dobrovitski, VV Harmon, BN AF Katsnelson, MI Dobrovitski, VV Harmon, BN TI Many-spin interactions and spin excitations in Mn-12 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION; MOLECULES; CLUSTERS; MAGNETS AB In this work, the many-spin interactions taking place in Mn-12 large-spin clusters are extensively studied using the 8-spin model Hamiltonian, for which we determine the possible parameters based on experimental data. Account of the many-spin excitations satisfactorily explains positions of the neutron scattering peaks, results of EPR measurements, and the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility. In particular, strong Dzyaloshinsky-Morya interactions are found to be important for description of neutron scattering data. [S0163-1829(99)09809-4]. C1 Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Katsnelson, MI (reprint author), Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012 NR 28 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 10 BP 6919 EP 6926 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6919 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 177WG UT WOS:000079233600047 ER PT J AU Startseva, T Timusk, T Puchkov, AV Basov, DN Mook, HA Okuya, M Kimura, T Kishio, K AF Startseva, T Timusk, T Puchkov, AV Basov, DN Mook, HA Okuya, M Kimura, T Kishio, K TI Temperature evolution of the pseudogap state in the infrared response of underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY; CHARGE DYNAMICS; SPIN DYNAMICS; CUO2 PLANE; AXIS; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4; RESISTIVITY; YBA2CU3O7-Y; TRANSPORT AB The ab-plane optical spectra of two single crystals of underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 were investigated. The reflectivity of La1.87Sr0.13CuO4 has been measured in the frequency range 30-9000 cm(-1) (0.004-1 eV) both parallel and perpendicular to the CuO2 planes, whereas La1.86Sr0.14CuO4 was studied only in the ab plane. The extended Drude model shows that the frequency-dependent effective scattering rate 1/tau(omega,T) is strongly suppressed below the high-frequency straight-line extrapolation, a signature of the pseudogap state. This suppression can be seen from temperatures below the superconducting transition up to 400 K. In the case of underdoped LSCO the straight-line extrapolation is temperature independent below 200 K, whereas above 200 K there is a strong temperature dependence of the high-frequency 1/tau(omega,T). The out-of-plane direction is also examined for evidence of the pseudogap state. [S0163-1829(99)08009-1]. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Startseva, T (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. NR 37 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 10 BP 7184 EP 7190 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.7184 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 177WG UT WOS:000079233600078 ER PT J AU Takeuchi, I Gim, Y Wellstood, FC Lobb, CJ Trajanovic, Z Venkatesan, T AF Takeuchi, I Gim, Y Wellstood, FC Lobb, CJ Trajanovic, Z Venkatesan, T TI Systematic study of anisotropic Josephson coupling between YBa2Cu3O7-x and PbIn using in-plane aligned a-axis films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ORDER-PARAMETER; THIN-FILMS; PROXIMITY JUNCTIONS; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; SUPERCONDUCTOR; SYMMETRY; YBCO; INTERFACES AB We have fabricated YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO)/Au/Ag/PbIn edge junctions using in-plane aligned a-axis oriented films in order to study the anisotropic coupling between YBCO and PbIn. Seven junctions were made in different directions spanning the b-c plane of YBCO on each chip. Current-voltage characteristics show a systematic change as a function of the angle of the junction direction relative to the YBCO crystal axes. We analyze the results using a superconductor-insulator-normal-metal interface model with anisotropic YBCO/Au interface resistance and discuss implications for measuring the out-of-CuO2 plane order parameter of YBCO. [S0163-1829(99)01410-1]. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Takeuchi, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011; Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 10 BP 7205 EP 7208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.7205 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 177WG UT WOS:000079233600081 ER PT J AU Hoekstra, AFT Testa, AM Doornbos, G Martinez, JC Dam, B Griessen, R Ivlev, BI Brinkmann, M Westerholt, K Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW AF Hoekstra, AFT Testa, AM Doornbos, G Martinez, JC Dam, B Griessen, R Ivlev, BI Brinkmann, M Westerholt, K Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW TI Temperature and magnetic-field dependence of quantum creep in various high-T-c superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; VORTEX DYNAMICS; FLUX-CREEP; BULK SUPERCONDUCTORS; ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; YBA2CU4O8 FILMS; FALSE VACUUM; THIN-FILMS; RELAXATION AB To investigate the quantum tunneling of almost macroscopic vortex segments we measured the normalized relaxation rate Q of superconducting currents for various high-T-c superconductors (HTS's) down to 100 mK in magnetic fields up to 7 T. At fields below congruent to 0.5 T, Q is essentially independent of T in the temperature regime between thermally activated and quantum motion as theoretically expected. However, at higher fields, we find an unexpected linear T dependence of Q persisting down to the lowest temperatures in all investigated samples. Since these compounds were chosen to represent the distinct classes of dirty and clean HTS's, the extrapolated Q(T = 0) values are used to discuss the theoretical models for quantum creep in the clean and dirty limits. Based on this discussion we propose a semiempirical interpolation formula for Q(T = 0) which is also valid for compounds in between the dirty and clean limits. [S0163-1829(99)00806-1]. C1 Free Univ Amsterdam, Inst COMPAS, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Free Univ Amsterdam, Fac Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi 78000, Mexico. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys Festkorperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hoekstra, AFT (reprint author), Free Univ Amsterdam, Inst COMPAS, De Boelelaan 1081, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RI Dam, Bernard/B-3970-2008; testa, alberto maria/I-8899-2012; OI Dam, Bernard/0000-0002-8584-7336; testa, alberto maria/0000-0002-1898-2730 NR 56 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 10 BP 7222 EP 7237 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.7222 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 177WG UT WOS:000079233600084 ER PT J AU Movshovich, R Yatskar, A Hundley, MF Canfield, PC Beyermann, WP AF Movshovich, R Yatskar, A Hundley, MF Canfield, PC Beyermann, WP TI Magnetic-field dependence of the low-temperature specific heat in PrInAg2: Support for a nonmagnetic heavy-fermion ground state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLAR AB In order to elucidate the nature of the ground state in the heavy-electron system PrInAg2, we measured its specific heat for temperatures between 60 mK and 2 K in magnetic fields up to 9 T. The peak maximum of the low-temperature anomaly in the specific heat (interpreted as Kondo anomaly) shifts from 0.42 K at zero field to 0.45 K at 6 T, and to 0.5 K at 9 T. The data at 3 T (after subtracting the low-temperature tail due to a Schottky anomaly) are practically indistinguishable from the zero-field data. A low-temperature nuclear Schottky anomaly from a hyperfine enhancement of the Pr nuclei was observed in field. Both enhanced hyperfine interaction and the insensitivity of the specific-heat anomaly to fields support the hypothesis that the Kondo effect in this system has a nonmagnetic origin. [S0163-1829(99)51410-0]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Movshovich, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 10 BP R6601 EP R6603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.R6601 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 177WG UT WOS:000079233600006 ER PT J AU Song, KJ Thompson, JR Yethiraj, M Christen, DK Tomy, CV Paul, DM AF Song, KJ Thompson, JR Yethiraj, M Christen, DK Tomy, CV Paul, DM TI Nonlocal current-field relation and the vortex-state magnetic properties of YNi2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LATTICE; LUNI2B2C AB The equilibrium magnetization M of single crystal YNi2B2C superconductor has been studied with magnetic field H parallel to c axis. The material is clean, with low electrical resistivity and weak magnetic hysteresis (for PI = 10 kG, the critical current density is less th;ln 10(-6) of the depairing current density). The magnetization M(H) deviates from conventional London predictions, but is well described by recent nonlocal London theory, with well-behaved superconductive parameters. The temperature dependence of the London penetration depth lambda(T) and other parameters are deduced. [S0163-1829(99)50810-2]. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Song, KJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 10 BP R6620 EP R6623 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.R6620 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 177WG UT WOS:000079233600011 ER EF