FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Lee, J Tierney, B Johnston, W AF Lee, J Tierney, B Johnston, W BE Sloot, P Bubak, M Hoekstra, A Hertzberger, B TI Data intensive distributed computing: A medical application example SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference and Exhibition on High-Performance Computing and Networking (HPCN EUROPE 99) CY APR 12-14, 1999 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Dutch HPCN Fdn, Dutch Org Sci Res, Univ Amsterdam AB Modem scientific computing involves organizing, moving, visualizing, and analyzing massive amounts of data from around the world, as well as employing large-scale computation. The distributed systems that solve large-scale problems will always involve aggregating and scheduling many resources. Data must be located and staged, cache and network capacity must be available at the same time as computing capacity, etc. Every aspect of such a system is dynamic: locating and scheduling resources, adapting running application systems to availability and congestion in the middleware and infrastructure, responding to human interaction, etc. The technologies, the middleware services, and the architectures that are used to build useful high-speed, wide area distributed systems, constitute the held of data intensive computing. This paper explores some of the history and future directions of that field, and describes a specific medical application example. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50B-2239, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65821-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1593 BP 150 EP 158 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ39Q UT WOS:000088252100017 ER PT S AU Moreira, JE Franke, H Chan, WM Fong, LL Jette, MA Yoo, A AF Moreira, JE Franke, H Chan, WM Fong, LL Jette, MA Yoo, A BE Sloot, P Bubak, M Hoekstra, A Hertzberger, B TI A gang-scheduling system for ASCI Blue-Pacific SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference and Exhibition on High-Performance Computing and Networking (HPCN EUROPE 99) CY APR 12-14, 1999 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Dutch HPCN Fdn, Dutch Org Sci Res, Univ Amsterdam AB The ASCI Blue-Pacific machines are large parallel systems comprised of thousands of processors. We are currently developing and testing a gang-scheduling job control system for these machines that exploits space- and timesharing in the presence of dedicated communication devices. Our initial experience with this system indicates that, though applications pay a small overhead, overall system performance as measured by average job queue and response times improves significantly. This gang-scheduling system is planned for deployment into production mode during 1999 at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. C1 IBM Corp, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moreira, JE (reprint author), IBM Corp, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. EM jmoreira@us.ibm.com; frankeh@us.ibm.com; waimanc@us.ibm.com; llfong@us.ibm.com; jette@llnl.gov; ayoo@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65821-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1593 BP 831 EP 840 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ39Q UT WOS:000088252100084 ER PT S AU Evensky, DA Gentile, AC Wyckoff, P AF Evensky, DA Gentile, AC Wyckoff, P BE Sloot, P Bubak, M Hoekstra, A Hertzberger, B TI Lilith lights: A network traffic visualization tool for high performance clusters SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference and Exhibition on High-Performance Computing and Networking (HPCN EUROPE 99) CY APR 12-14, 1999 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Dutch HPCN Fdn, Dutch Org Sci Res, Univ Amsterdam AB High performance computing increasingly utilizes loosely coupled clusters of commodity computers. Performance monitoring data on such platforms is traditionally performed by invasive message passing taps, and examined only after the run is complete. We present an alternative, designed to capitalize on the scalable nature of the platform. Lilith Lights is a non-invasive network and processor monitoring tool which collects and processes data from the individual cluster machines. The data is gathered and displayed concurrently with the running applications. The display format can correspond to the application's virtual topology or to the physical connectivity of the message passing hardware. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Evensky, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969 MS 9011, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65821-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1593 BP 1183 EP 1186 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ39Q UT WOS:000088252100126 ER PT J AU Zhao, YS von Dreele, RB Morgan, JG AF Zhao, YS von Dreele, RB Morgan, JG TI A high P-T cell assembly for neutron diffraction up to 10 GPa and 1500 K SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE high pressure; high temperature; neutron diffraction; cell assembly ID PARIS-EDINBURGH CELL; POWDER DIFFRACTION; PRESSURE AB We present the design of a cell assembly for neutron diffraction experiments capable of performing simultaneous high-pressure (P) and high-temperature (T) conditions up to 10 GPa and 1500 K. The high P-T cell assembly, designed for a Paris- Edinburgh LPE) toroidal anvil press, consists of a ceramic gasket, a cylinder/disk furnace, a confining ring, two thermocouples, and platinum wires which serve as electrodes for ohmic heating of the sample. The properties of mechanical strength, yield strength for plastic deformation, thermal/electric insulation, and neutron transparency of the gasket materials are the keys to the success of the cell assembly. The high P-T neutron diffraction experiments conducted at the HIPD beam-line at LANSCE using this cell assembly have produced high quality data and with stable, uniform temperature and sustained hydrostatic pressure. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhao, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, MS-H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1080/08957959908200289 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 218ZQ UT WOS:000081582800002 ER PT S AU Olivier, SS Kartz, MW Bauman, BJ Brase, JM Brown, CG Cooke, JB Pennington, DM Silva, DA AF Olivier, SS Kartz, MW Bauman, BJ Brase, JM Brown, CG Cooke, JB Pennington, DM Silva, DA BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA TI High-resolution wavefront control using liquid crystal spatial light modulators SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; lasers; spatial light modulators; liquid crystals AB Liquid crystal spatial light modulator technology appropriate for high-resolution wavefront control has recently become commercially available. Some of these devices have several hundred thousand controllable degrees of freedom, more than two orders of magnitude greater than the largest conventional deformable mirror. We will present results of experiments to characterize the optical properties of these devices and to utilize them to correct aberrations in an optical system. We will also present application scenarios for these devices in high-power laser systems. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Olivier, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3246-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3760 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.367602 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BP45X UT WOS:000085205600006 ER PT S AU McDonald, TE Yates, GJ Cverna, FH Gallegos, RA Jaramillo, SA Numkena, DM Payton, J Pena-Abeyta, CR AF McDonald, TE Yates, GJ Cverna, FH Gallegos, RA Jaramillo, SA Numkena, DM Payton, J Pena-Abeyta, CR BE Frank, AM Walton, JS TI Range gated imaging experiments using gated intensifiers SO HIGH-SPEED IMAGING AND SEQUENCE ANALYSIS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Speed Imaging and Sequence Analysis CY JAN 28-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE range gated imaging; LADAR; scattering media imaging AB A variety of range gated imaging experiments using high-speed gated/shuttered proximity focused microchannel plate image intensifiers (MCPII) are reported. Range gated imaging experiments were conducted in water for detection of submerged mines in controlled turbidity tank test and in sea water for the Naval Coastal Sea Command/U.S. Marine Corps. Field experiments have been conducted consisting of kilometer range imaging of resolution targets and military vehicles in atmosphere at Eglin Air Force Base for the U.S. Air force, and similar imaging experiments, but in smoke environment, at Redstone Arsenal for the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM). Wavelength of the illuminating laser was 532nm with pulse widths ranging from 6 to 12ns and comparable gate widths. These testes have shown depth resolution in the tens of centimeters range from time phasing reflected LADAR images with MCPII shutter opening. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McDonald, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-23,MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3113-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3642 BP 142 EP 148 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BN19Z UT WOS:000081054300014 ER PT B AU Wagh, AS Jeong, SY Singh, D AF Wagh, AS Jeong, SY Singh, D BE Azizinamini, A Darwin, D French, C TI High strength phosphate cement using industrial byproduct ashes SO HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Engineering Foundation Conference on High Strength Concrete CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL KONA, HI SP United Engn Fdn Inc AB During our effort to stabilize contaminated ashes in the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) complex by a novel chemically bonded phosphate ceramic, we formulated a high strength concrete made of benign ashes (such as fly ash and coal bottom ash) that may be useful for specialized applications in construction industry. It is formed by a room temperature process in which MgO is reacted with a solution of one of the soluble hydrophosphates to form a dense matrix. Any ash or slag may be incorporated during the reaction. The slurry formed by mixing these components for 15-30 minutes is a pourable, low viscosity paste. Once it is left undisturbed, it sets into a hard mass in approximate to 45 minutes with a small amount of heat evolution. Its density ranges between 1.7 g/cc to 2.0 g/cc, open porosity is <5%. For a typical ash loading of 60 wt. %, it has a strength of approximate to 12,000 psi. The microstructure of the concrete is glass-crystalline. This product is not very sensitive to the ash composition. Unlike in portland cement, it is unaffected by the unburnt carbon in the ash or to any Ct ions, and thus a wide variety of combustion products may be incorporated to develop this product. The material cost is generally 50% higher than portland cement, but processing advantages, such as faster setting, setting in cold environment, and self binding characteristics may off-set some of the costs, or improved properties may justify slightly higher costs for specialized product development. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wagh, AS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0419-4 PY 1999 BP 542 EP 553 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BP30H UT WOS:000084624400043 ER PT S AU Serizawa, H Lewinsohn, CA Youngblood, GE Jones, RH Johnston, DE Kohyama, A AF Serizawa, H Lewinsohn, CA Youngblood, GE Jones, RH Johnston, DE Kohyama, A BE Niihara, K Nakano, K Sekino, T Yasuda, E TI High-temperature properties of newly developed advanced SiC fibers SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES III SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on High Tempurature Ceramic Matrix Composites (HT-CMC 3) CY SEP 06-09, 1998 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Ceram Soc Japan, Amer Ceram Soc, European Ceram Soc, Fine Ceram Res Assoc DE SiC fibers; ceramics; high temperature; oxidation; composites ID SILICON-CARBIDE; STRENGTH; LENGTH AB As a result of R & D efforts for silicon carbide (SIC) fibers, near-stoichiometric and highly crystalline SIC fiber (Hi-Nicalon type S) has been developed. In this research, to estimate the potential capability of Hi-Nicalon type S for reinforcement of ceramic matrix composites, fiber tensile tests at high temperature and fiber oxidation tests at 1373 K were carried out. Hi-Nicalon fibers were also tested to compare with Hi-Nicalon type S. From the results of research for effects of gauge length on fiber strength, the strength-gauge length relationship of Hi-Nicalon type S was found to follow the weakest-link rule. The results of tensile tests at high temperature indicated that the strength of Hi-Nicalon type S slightly increased with increasing test temperature. Finally, from the SEM observation results of oxidized fibers, the oxidation behavior of Hi-Nicalon type S was found to fit the Deal/Grove linear-parabolic model. C1 Osaka Univ, Joining & Welding Res Inst, Ibaraki, Osaka 567, Japan. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Associated Western Univ, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan. RP Serizawa, H (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Joining & Welding Res Inst, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567, Japan. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS PI CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE PA EINERSBERGER BLICK 28, PO BOX 266, W-3392 CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE, GERMANY SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-818-4 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 1999 VL 164-1 BP 287 EP 290 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN11H UT WOS:000080750200066 ER PT S AU Lewinsohn, CA Henager, CH Jones, RH AF Lewinsohn, CA Henager, CH Jones, RH BE Niihara, K Nakano, K Sekino, T Yasuda, E TI Subcritical crack growth mechanisms and failure mechanism maps for ceramic matrix composites SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES III SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on High Tempurature Ceramic Matrix Composites (HT-CMC 3) CY SEP 06-09, 1998 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Ceram Soc Japan, Amer Ceram Soc, European Ceram Soc, Fine Ceram Res Assoc DE subcritical crack growth; oxidation; failure; interfaces; lifetime ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; STRESS-RUPTURE; NICALON; EMBRITTLEMENT; OXIDATION; CARBON; AIR AB Numerous studies have indicated that time-dependent subcritical crack growth, at elevated temperatures, in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) is caused by a number of mechanisms. The most commonly observed crack growth mechanisms will be described. The results of an investigation of the conditions in which each mechanism controls the rate of subcritical crack growth will be used to construct failure mechanism maps. The failure mechanism maps illustrate regions of temperature and oxygen concentration where each crack growth mechanism operates. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lewinsohn, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS PI CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE PA EINERSBERGER BLICK 28, PO BOX 266, W-3392 CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE, GERMANY SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-818-4 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 1999 VL 164-1 BP 333 EP 336 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN11H UT WOS:000080750200076 ER PT S AU Jones, RH Lewinsohn, CA Youngblood, GE Kohyama, A AF Jones, RH Lewinsohn, CA Youngblood, GE Kohyama, A BE Niihara, K Nakano, K Sekino, T Yasuda, E TI Properties of advanced fibers for SiC SiC composite applications in fusion energy systems SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES III SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on High Tempurature Ceramic Matrix Composites (HT-CMC 3) CY SEP 06-09, 1998 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Ceram Soc Japan, Amer Ceram Soc, European Ceram Soc, Fine Ceram Res Assoc DE fibers; ceramic; composites; high-temperature; radiation AB Silicon carbide composites are attractive for structural applications in fusion energy systems because of their low activation and afterheat characteristics coupled with their excellent high-temperature properties. These new materials will require optimization of their thermal conductivity, radiation stability, chemical compatibility in fusion relevant environments, hermetic properties and joining methodology before they can be utilized effectively in a fusion energy system. Development of advanced SIC fibers, such as Hi-Nicalon, Hi-Nicalon(TM) Type S and DOW/Corning Sylramic fibers have resulted in higher strengths, improved creep resistance and thermal conductivity with the added benefit of radiation stability for fusion applications. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan. RP Jones, RH (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS PI CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE PA EINERSBERGER BLICK 28, PO BOX 266, W-3392 CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE, GERMANY SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-818-4 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 1999 VL 164-1 BP 405 EP 408 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN11H UT WOS:000080750200091 ER PT S AU Emery, VJ Kivelson, SA AF Emery, VJ Kivelson, SA BE Barnes, SE Ashkenazi, J Cohn, JL Zuo, F TI Local electronic structure and high temperature superconductivity. SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity CY JAN 07-13, 1999 CL UNIV MIAMI, CORAL GABLES, FL SP Univ Miami HO UNIV MIAMI ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; MUON SPIN ROTATION; PHASE-SEPARATION; NORMAL-STATE; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; GAP ANISOTROPY; FERMI-SURFACE; LANDAU THEORY; J MODEL; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA AB It is argued that a new mechanism and many-body theory of superconductivity are required for doped correlated insulators. Here we review the essential features of and the experimental support for such a theory, in which the physics is driven by the kinetic energy. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Emery, VJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-880-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 483 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1063/1.59581 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BN91R UT WOS:000083461600006 ER PT S AU Klemm, RA Rieck, CT Scharnberg, K AF Klemm, RA Rieck, CT Scharnberg, K BE Barnes, SE Ashkenazi, J Cohn, JL Zuo, F TI c-axis twist Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta Josephson junctions: A new phase-sensitive test of order parameter symmetry SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity CY JAN 07-13, 1999 CL UNIV MIAMI, CORAL GABLES, FL SP Univ Miami HO UNIV MIAMI AB Li et al, found that the critical current density J(c)(J) across atomically clean c-axis twist junctions of Bi2Sr2Ca Cu2O8+delta is the same as that of the constituent single crystal, J(c)(S), independent of the twist angle phi(o), even at T-c. We investigated theoretically if a d(x)(2)-y(2)-wave order parameter might twist by mixing in d(xy) components, but find that such twisting cannot possibly explain the data near to T-c. Hence, the order parameter contains an s-wave component, but not any d(x)(2)-y(2)-wave component. In addition, the c-axis Josephson tunneling is completely incoherent. We also propose a c-axis junction tricrystal experiment which does not rely upon expensive substrates. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klemm, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-880-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 483 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1063/1.59596 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BN91R UT WOS:000083461600045 ER PT S AU McQueeney, RJ Sarrao, JS AF McQueeney, RJ Sarrao, JS BE Barnes, SE Ashkenazi, J Cohn, JL Zuo, F TI Evidence for strong electron-lattice coupling in La2-xSrxNiO4 SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity CY JAN 07-13, 1999 CL UNIV MIAMI, CORAL GABLES, FL SP Univ Miami HO UNIV MIAMI ID CHARGE AB The inelastic neutron scattering spectra were measured for several Sr concentrations of polycrystalline La2-xSrxNiO4. We find that the generalized phonon density-of-states is identical for a = 0 and x = 1/8. For a = 1/3 and a: = 1/2, the band of phonons corresponding to the in-plane oxygen vibrations (> 65 meV) splits into two subbands centered at 75 meV and 85 meV. The lower frequency band increases in amplitude for the a: = 1/2 sample, indicating that it is directly related to the hole concentration. These changes are associated with the coupling of oxygen vibrations to doped holes which reside in the NiO2 planes and are a signature of strong electron-lattice coupling. Comparison of La1.9Sr0.1CuO4 and La1.875ST0.125NiO4 demonstrates that much stronger electron-lattice coupling occurs for particular modes in the cuprate for modest doping and is likely related to the metallic nature of the cuprate. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McQueeney, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-880-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 483 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1063/1.59627 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BN91R UT WOS:000083461600049 ER PT S AU Norman, MR AF Norman, MR BE Barnes, SE Ashkenazi, J Cohn, JL Zuo, F TI Fermi surfaces, Fermi patches, and Fermi arcs in high T-c superconductors SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity CY JAN 07-13, 1999 CL UNIV MIAMI, CORAL GABLES, FL SP Univ Miami HO UNIV MIAMI ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; GAP ANISOTROPY; NORMAL-STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; PSEUDOGAP; DISPERSION; EVOLUTION; FLUCTUATIONS; YBA2CU3O6+X; SYSTEM AB A defining property of metals is the existence of a Fermi surface: for two dimensions, a continuous contour in momentum space which separates occupied from unoccupied states. In this paper, I discuss angle resolved photoemission data on the cuprate superconductor BSCCO and argue that it is not best thought of in this conventional picture. Rather, the data are consistent with "patches" of finite area connected by more conventional "arcs". Novel physics is associated with the patches, in that the states contained in a patch are dispersionless and thus interaction dominated. In the pseudogap phase, the patches are gapped out, leaving the Fermi arcs disconnected. This unusual situation may be the key to understanding the microscopic physics of the high temperature superconductors, in that the pairing correlations are strongest in the patches, yet the superfluid density lives only on the area. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Norman, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-880-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 483 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.1063/1.59631 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BN91R UT WOS:000083461600053 ER PT S AU Phillips, NE Fisher, RA Schilling, A Buffeteau, B Hargreaves, TE Marcenat, C Calemczuk, F O'Connor, AS Dennis, KW McCallum, RW AF Phillips, NE Fisher, RA Schilling, A Buffeteau, B Hargreaves, TE Marcenat, C Calemczuk, F O'Connor, AS Dennis, KW McCallum, RW BE Barnes, SE Ashkenazi, J Cohn, JL Zuo, F TI The specific heat of (La1.85Sr0.15)CuO4: Evidence for d-wave pairing SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity CY JAN 07-13, 1999 CL UNIV MIAMI, CORAL GABLES, FL SP Univ Miami HO UNIV MIAMI ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; MAGNETIC-FIELD DEPENDENCE; TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; MIXED-STATE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; LA2-XSRXCUO4; VORTEX AB Measurements of the specific heat of two samples of (La1.85Sr0.15)CuO4 in the superconducting and vortex states show evidence of the line nodes in the energy gap associated with d-wave pairing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Phillips, NE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-880-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 483 BP 310 EP 313 DI 10.1063/1.59598 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BN91R UT WOS:000083461600055 ER PT S AU Tranquada, JM AF Tranquada, JM BE Barnes, SE Ashkenazi, J Cohn, JL Zuo, F TI Experimental evidence for topological doping in the cuprates SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity CY JAN 07-13, 1999 CL UNIV MIAMI, CORAL GABLES, FL SP Univ Miami HO UNIV MIAMI ID MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; YBA2CU3O6.6; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LA2-XSRXCUO4; STRIPES; PHASES; STATE AB Some recent experiments that provide support for the concept of topological doping in cuprate superconductors are discussed. Consistent with the idea of charge segregation, it is argued that the scattering associated with the "resonance" peak found in YBa2Cu3O6+x and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta comes from the Cu spins and not from the doped holes. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tranquada, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-880-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 483 BP 336 EP 340 DI 10.1063/1.59636 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BN91R UT WOS:000083461600060 ER PT S AU Louca, D Kwei, GH AF Louca, D Kwei, GH BE Barnes, SE Ashkenazi, J Cohn, JL Zuo, F TI Local lattice effects in oxides SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity CY JAN 07-13, 1999 CL UNIV MIAMI, CORAL GABLES, FL SP Univ Miami HO UNIV MIAMI ID LACOO3 AB Neutron diffraction measurements were used to investigate the local atomic structure of manganese and cobalt oxides. Static Jahn-Teller (JT) distortions present in the lightly doped perovskite manganates were found in metallic compositions as well. The cooperativeness of the distortions is however lost as the doping is increased. In the two-layer manganates, the existence of a local JT effect helps explain the similarities in the properties between cubic and layered systems. In the cobalt system, the coupling strength of the lattice to the e(g) states during the thermal activation from the ground, low-spin (LS) state to an excited, intermediate (IS) or high-spin (HS) states for Co in LaCoO3 changes as a function of temperature. The introduction of extra carriers by doping of La1-xSrxCoO3 stabilizes the IS JT states, populated at a rate proportional to the charge density. The JT distortions induced in this system are dynamic in nature if compared to the ones in the manganates. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, MST 10,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-880-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 483 BP 400 EP 406 DI 10.1063/1.59604 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BN91R UT WOS:000083461600070 ER PT B AU Balachandran, U AF Balachandran, U BE Tendeloo, GV Antipov, EV Putilin, SN TI Recent advances in fabrication of high-T-c superconductors for electric power applications SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS AND NOVEL INORGANIC MATERIALS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 3, HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Workshop on High-Temperature Superconductors and Novel Inorganic Materials Engineering MSU-HTSC V CY MAR 24-29, 1998 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO ID CRITICAL-CURRENT-DENSITY; THIN-LAYER; SILVER; TAPES; WIRES; AG C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5345-5 J9 NATO ASI 3 HIGH TECH PY 1999 VL 62 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BM62Z UT WOS:000079308200001 ER PT B AU Jorgensen, JD Chmaissem, O Hinks, DG Knizhnik, A Eckstein, Y Shaked, H Wagner, JL Dabrowski, B Short, S Mitchell, JF Hodges, JP AF Jorgensen, JD Chmaissem, O Hinks, DG Knizhnik, A Eckstein, Y Shaked, H Wagner, JL Dabrowski, B Short, S Mitchell, JF Hodges, JP BE Tendeloo, GV Antipov, EV Putilin, SN TI Novel structural phenomena at the maximum T-c in 123 and HgBa2CuO4+delta superconductors: Evidence for structural response that competes with superconductivity SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS AND NOVEL INORGANIC MATERIALS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 3, HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Workshop on High-Temperature Superconductors and Novel Inorganic Materials Engineering MSU-HTSC V CY MAR 24-29, 1998 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO ID ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CHEVREL PHASES; CUO2 PLANES; (CAXLA1-X)(BA1.75-XLA0.25+X)CU3OY; YBA2CU3OX; TRANSFORMATION; INSTABILITY; PRESSURE AB Structural distortions that compete with superconductivity have been investigated in two systems where oxygen content can be used to vary the doping continuously from the under doped state, through the maximum T-c into the over doped state. In the 123 system, (La1-xCax)(Ba1.75-xLa0.25+x)Cu3O7+delta, the buckling of the CuO2 planes goes through a maximum at the maximum T-c. In HgBa2CuO4+delta, where buckling of the CuO2 planes is not available as a structural degree of freedom, there is a plateau at the maximum T-c where the unit cell volume expands as oxygen is added while the charge transfer and T-c remain constant. These unusual structural phenomena upon crossing through the maximum T-c are hypothesized to be a response of the crystal structure to the electronic structure, with the structural distortions competing with superconductivity, or lowering the T-c from what it would otherwise be. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jorgensen, JD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hodges, Jason/K-1421-2013 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5345-5 J9 NATO ASI 3 HIGH TECH PY 1999 VL 62 BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BM62Z UT WOS:000079308200018 ER PT B AU McCallum, RW Wu, H Dennis, KW Kramer, MJ AF McCallum, RW Wu, H Dennis, KW Kramer, MJ BE Tendeloo, GV Antipov, EV Putilin, SN TI Cation substitution, second phase precipitation, superconductivity, and flux pinning in LRE1+xBa2-xCu3O7 SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS AND NOVEL INORGANIC MATERIALS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 3, HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Workshop on High-Temperature Superconductors and Novel Inorganic Materials Engineering MSU-HTSC V CY MAR 24-29, 1998 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO ID CU-O SYSTEM; ND1+XBA2-XCU3O7+DELTA; EQUILIBRIA C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP McCallum, RW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5345-5 J9 NATO ASI 3 HIGH TECH PY 1999 VL 62 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BM62Z UT WOS:000079308200034 ER PT J AU Meder, R Gallagher, S Mackie, KL Bohler, H Meglen, RR AF Meder, R Gallagher, S Mackie, KL Bohler, H Meglen, RR TI Rapid determination of the chemical composition and density of Pinus radiata by PLS modelling of transmission and diffuse reflectance FTIR spectra SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE Pinus radiata; FTIR; DRIFT; PLS; lignin; carbohydrates; extractives; density ID PULP; WOOD; SOFTWOOD; NMR AB Transmission and diffuse reflectance FTIR spectra of samples of Pinus radiata wood have been used as the basis of PLS-1 (partial least squares) and PLS-2 (projection to latent structures) models for the prediction of extractives, lignin, total carbohydrate and basic density. Very little difference was observed between models based on transmission spectra and those based on diffuse reflectance spectra. Because of the ease of sample preparation and presentation the diffuse reflectance technique was chosen as the method of preference. Similarly very little difference was observed between models prepared using PLS-1 and models prepared using PLS-2 correlations of diffuse reflectance spectra. Multiple correlation coefficients between the four measured properties and the diffuse reflectance spectra using PLS-2 modelling with four principal components are respectively: extractives, 0.87; Klason lignin, 0.84; total carbohydrate, 0.58; and density, 0.87. C1 New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Rotorua, New Zealand. Fachhsch Tech & Wirtschaft Reutlingen, Inst Angew Forsch, D-72762 Reutlingen, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Meder, R (reprint author), New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand. RI Meder, Roger/A-7071-2011 NR 22 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1999 VL 53 IS 3 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1515/HF.1999.044 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 200CF UT WOS:000080521000007 ER PT B AU Hughes, DA Godfrey, A AF Hughes, DA Godfrey, A BE Bieler, TR Lalli, LA MacEwen, SR TI Dislocation structures formed during hot and cold working SO HOT DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys, at the 1998 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-15, 1998 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID DYNAMIC RESTORATION MECHANISMS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION STRUCTURES; STRAIN-RATE; MG ALLOY; ROLL GAP; AL-MG; ORIENTATION; BOUNDARIES AB During many types of deformation, grains are subdivided into smaller regions by dislocation boundaries. The classification of structures formed by grain subdivision has differed between structures observed following cold deformation and hot deformation. Cold deformed microstructures are characterized by grain subdivision at two size scales. Grain subdivision occurs at the larger scale by geometrically necessary boundaries that delineate differently deforming blocks that contain nearly equiaxed cells. In contrast hot deformed structures have been described with a single level of subdivision by equiaxed subgrains. Infrequently an occasional long boundary provides subdivision at a larger level. However, new findings in warm to hot deformed alloys show that there are closer ties between the cold and hot deformed structures. Specifically, two levels of grain subdivision are observed following some types of high temperature deformation when large areas are surveyed in the TEM. Furthermore, the probability densities of boundary misorientation angles at high temperature show the same universal scaling as those at low temperature. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hughes, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, POB 969,MS 9403, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-412-7 PY 1999 BP 23 EP 36 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95N UT WOS:000080239000003 ER PT B AU Chen, SR Stout, MG Kocks, UF MacEwen, SR Beaudoin, AJ AF Chen, SR Stout, MG Kocks, UF MacEwen, SR Beaudoin, AJ BE Bieler, TR Lalli, LA MacEwen, SR TI Constitutive modeling of a 5182 aluminum as a function of strain rate and temperature SO HOT DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys, at the 1998 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-15, 1998 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc AB We have measured the stress/strain response of a 5182 aluminum alloy as a function of strain rate and temperature. As one expects, at room temperature and quasi-static strain rate this alloy exhibits dynamic strain aging with negative strain-rate sensitivity. At higher temperature, we have separated the response into two categories, when the material displays a yield drop and when it does not. The yield drop was only observed if the yield stress was below 70MPa. In this case the work-hardening curve was for practical purposes flat. Within this regime the deformation has been labeled "Class A" behavior. Tt occurs by continuous motion of dislocations accompanied by diffusion of solute. It is further shown that a constitutive relation such as (epsilon) over dot = A(sigma/mu)(n) . mu b(3)/kT . exp(-Q(D)/kT) is appropriate to describe deformation in this temperature/strain-rate regime where the solute drag mechanism dominates. In this expression Q(D) is the activation enthalpy for self diffusion of Mg in aluminum, which is 131 kJ/mol. In the high-stress regime, where the yield stress is above 80MPa, there is positive work hardening associated with flow stress behavior of the 5182 alloy. The yield stress was nearly constant; however, the hardening and saturation flow stress increases with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. In this regime the deformation is dominated by dislocation accumulation and dynamic recovery. We have found that the Mechanical Threshold Strength(MTS) model accurately describes the constitutive response as a function of temperature and strain rate. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-412-7 PY 1999 BP 205 EP 216 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95N UT WOS:000080239000018 ER PT B AU Stout, MG Chen, SR Kocks, UF Schwartz, AJ MacEwen, SR Beaudoin, AJ AF Stout, MG Chen, SR Kocks, UF Schwartz, AJ MacEwen, SR Beaudoin, AJ BE Bieler, TR Lalli, LA MacEwen, SR TI Mechanisms responsible for texture development in a 5182 aluminum alloy deformed at elevated temperature SO HOT DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys, at the 1998 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-15, 1998 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID HOT-ROLLING TEXTURES; FCC METALS; POLYCRYSTALS; DEFORMATION AB The textures that develop in a 5182 aluminum alloy as a result of monotonic high-temperature compression have been investigated. We found that the deformation texture was a function of temperature. For compressive deformation at 300 degrees C and below the material formed the classic (101) deformation texture, while the material develops a texture that is a combination of the classical uniaxial compression deformation texture, (101), and static recrystallization texture, (001), as a result of the deformation alone when the deformation temperature was at and above 400 degrees C. Our investigation has focused on determining the mechanism responsible for the development of this unusual progression of deformation textures. In order to understand the mechanism(s) responsible for this particular development, we have performed interrupted compression experiments as well as microstructural analyses. The deformation experiments consisted of deforming to a given strain, holding at temperature for various times at zero strain rate, followed by either quenching or further deformation. In addition we have performed orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) to identify the shapes of grains with particular orientations and grain-to-grain orientation relationships. Finally, crystal plasticity theory was used to model whether or not deformation via different slip systems and high strain-rate sensitivity could produce the (101) and (001) texture components. Our conclusions are summarized as follows: The texture development is not a result of static processes, i.e, static recrystallization at the various hold times altered neither the textures nor the constitutive behavior. Simulation using a crystal plasticity model indicates that the combination of a cube component prevalent in the original texture, slip activity on 011 planes, and increased rate sensitivity leads to a combined (001) and (101) texture. Finally, the microscopic OIM results are consistent with these observations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Stout, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-412-7 PY 1999 BP 243 EP 254 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95N UT WOS:000080239000021 ER PT B AU Radhakrishnan, B Sarma, G Zacharia, T AF Radhakrishnan, B Sarma, G Zacharia, T BE Bieler, TR Lalli, LA MacEwen, SR TI Coupled finite element-Monte Carlo simulation of microstructure and texture evolution during thermomechanical processing SO HOT DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys, at the 1998 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-15, 1998 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; METALS AB A novel simulation technique for predicting the microstructure and texture evolution during thermomechanical processing is presented. The technique involves coupling a finite element microstructural deformation model based on crystal plasticity with a Monte Carlo simulation of recovery and recrystallization. The finite element model captures the stored energy and the crystallographic orientation distributions in the deformed microstructure. The Monte Carlo simulation captures the microstructural evolution associated with recovery and recrystallization. A unique feature of the Monte Carlo simulation is that it treats recrystallization as a heterogeneous subgrain growth process, thus providing the natural link between nucleation and growth phenomena, and quantifying the role of recovery in these phenomena. Different nucleation mechanisms based on heterogeneous subgrain growth as well as strain induced boundary migration are automatically included in the recrystallization simulation. The simulations are shown to account for the extent of prior deformation on the microstructure and kinetics of recrystallization during subsequent annealing. The simulations also capture the influence of the presence of cube orientations in the initial microstructure, and the operation of non-octahedral slip during deformation of fee polycrystals, on the recrystallization texture. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radhakrishnan, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6140, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-412-7 PY 1999 BP 267 EP 278 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95N UT WOS:000080239000023 ER PT B AU Sarma, G Radhakrishnan, B Zacharia, T AF Sarma, G Radhakrishnan, B Zacharia, T BE Bieler, TR Lalli, LA MacEwen, SR TI Polycrystal simulations of texture evolution during deformation processing SO HOT DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys, at the 1998 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-15, 1998 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID PLANE-STRAIN COMPRESSION; ROLLING TEXTURES; FCC METALS; CRYSTALS; PLASTICITY AB Some recent research on the hot deformation of aluminum alloys has indicated that at elevated temperatures, slip occurs on {110}[110] systems in addition to the usual {111}[110] systems active at lower temperatures. The effect of these additional slip systems on the texture evolution of aluminum single and polycrystals is studied using finite element simulations. The crystals are deformed in plane strain compression, and the constitutive response is modeled using crystal plasticity to track the reorientation of the crystals. By discretizing each crystal with a large number of elements, the non-uniform deformations due to local inhomogeneities and interactions with neighboring crystals are modeled. The resulting textures and microstructures are examined with regard to effect of including the additional systems, initial orientation of the single crystals, and stability of the cube orientation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sarma, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6140, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-412-7 PY 1999 BP 279 EP 290 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95N UT WOS:000080239000024 ER PT B AU Engler, O Vatne, HE AF Engler, O Vatne, HE BE Bieler, TR Lalli, LA MacEwen, SR TI Modeling of the recrystallization textures of Al-alloys after hot deformation SO HOT DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys, at the 1998 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-15, 1998 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID PARTICLE STIMULATED NUCLEATION; LOCAL TEXTURE; DEFORMED ALUMINUM; GROWTH SELECTION; GRAINS; RATES AB The recrystallization textures of Al-alloys can be explained by a growth selection of grains with an approximate 40 degrees<111> orientation relationship out of a limited spectrum of preferentially formed nucleus orientations. Accordingly, recrystallization textures can be modeled by the multiplication of a function f(g)(nucl) describing the probability of nucleation of the various orientations with a function f(g)(grow) representing their growth probability. Whereas the growth probability can be accounted for by a 40 degrees<111> transformation of the rolling texture, the nucleation probability of the respective grains is given by the distribution of potential nucleus orientations, which is known from local texture analysis for the most important nucleation sites in rolled Al-alloys, cube-bands, grain boundaries and second-phase particles. The contributions of each of these nucleation sites are determined according to an approach to calculate the number of nuclei forming at each nucleation site, which is based on microstructural investigations on the evolution of the various nucleation sites during deformation. The paper describes the model for recrystallization texture simulation in Al-alloys and gives examples of recrystallization textures of AA3004 deformed in plane strain compression at a variety of different deformation temperatures and strain rates. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Engler, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Mail Stop K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-412-7 PY 1999 BP 291 EP 302 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95N UT WOS:000080239000025 ER PT B AU Korzekwa, DA Beaudoin, AJ AF Korzekwa, DA Beaudoin, AJ BE Bieler, TR Lalli, LA MacEwen, SR TI Modeling the effects of friction and geometry on deformation path during hot rolling of aluminum SO HOT DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys, at the 1998 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-15, 1998 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID LUBRICATION AB In this work, a parametric study of hot rolling is conducted. The effect of friction model, friction coefficient, roll gap geometry and temperature on the deformation rate field is demonstrated. This parameter space is restricted to a region which is tractable, yet provides considerable variety in the features of non-uniform deformation developed in rolling. The degree and nature of redundant work (shearing) is contrasted for different streamline locations within the bite. Recommendations for the application of material models in analysis of rolling is made with consideration of the simulation predictions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Korzekwa, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Box 1663,Mail Stop G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-412-7 PY 1999 BP 317 EP 328 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95N UT WOS:000080239000027 ER PT B AU Vetrano, JS Henager, CH Smith, MT Bruemmer, SM AF Vetrano, JS Henager, CH Smith, MT Bruemmer, SM BE Bieler, TR Lalli, LA MacEwen, SR TI Microstructural development for superplasticity in Al-Mg-Mn alloys SO HOT DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys, at the 1998 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-15, 1998 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID GRAIN-REFINEMENT; RECRYSTALLIZATION; ALUMINUM; EVOLUTION; GROWTH AB Thermomechanical processing and alloying additions have been utilized in Al-Mg-Mn alloys to create microstructures suitable for superplastic deformation. Superplasticity typically requires a grain size of less than 10 mu m that is stable against grain growth at temperatures close to the melting point of the material. We have examined the role of Mn, Sc and Zr additions on recrystallization and grain growth during thermomechanical processing and superplastic deformation of cast Al-Mg alloys. Particles containing Mn that formed during solidification were observed to be efficient nuclei for recrystallization but their effectiveness was reduced when Zr was present. This was a result of a shape change in these particles that inhibited them from breaking up and dispersing during hot and cold rolling. Smaller Al6Mn dispersoids, Al3Zr and Al3Sc particles acted to pin grain boundary migration. Their effectiveness was maximized by tailored heat treatments to create an optimum dispersion and particle size. Grain sizes less than 5 mu m could be achieved by conventional cold-rolling and recrystallization treatments, resulting in superplastic elongations of more than 600%. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vetrano, JS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-412-7 PY 1999 BP 407 EP 418 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95N UT WOS:000080239000034 ER PT J AU Schmidt, DM George, JS Wood, CC AF Schmidt, DM George, JS Wood, CC TI Bayesian inference applied to the electromagnetic inverse problem SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE MRI; MEG; EEG; brain mapping; inverse problem; Monte Carlo; biomagnetic ID HUMAN-BRAIN; LOCALIZATION; CORTEX; MEG; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; POTENTIALS; EEG AB We present a new approach to the electromagnetic inverse problem that explicitly addresses the ambiguity associated with its ill-posed character. Rather than calculating a single "best" solution according to some criterion, our approach produces a large number of Likely solutions that both fit the data and any prior information that is used. Whereas the range of the different Likely results is representative of the ambiguity in the inverse problem even with prior information present, features that are common across a large number of the different solutions can be identified and are associated with a high degree of probability This approach is implemented and quantified within the formalism of Bayesian inference, which combines prior information with that of measurement in a common framework using a single measure. To demonstrate this approach, a general neural activation model is constructed that includes a variable number of extended regions of activation and can incorporate a great deal of prior information on neural current such as information on location, orientation, strength, and spatial smoothness. Taken together, this activation model and the Bayesian inferential approach yield estimates of the probability distributions for the number, location, and extent of active regions. Both simulated MEG data and data from a visual evoked response experiment are used to demonstrate the capabilities of this approach. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schmidt, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, MS-D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY0861003]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA/MH09972] NR 34 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1065-9471 J9 HUM BRAIN MAPP JI Hum. Brain Mapp. PY 1999 VL 7 IS 3 BP 195 EP 212 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)7:3<195::AID-HBM4>3.0.CO;2-F PG 18 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 180EJ UT WOS:000079372400004 PM 10194619 ER PT J AU Arroyo, CM Schafer, RJ Kurt, EM Broomfield, CA Carmichael, AJ AF Arroyo, CM Schafer, RJ Kurt, EM Broomfield, CA Carmichael, AJ TI Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard (HD): cytokine release using a non-enzymatic detachment procedure SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vesicant agents; keratinocytes; sulfur mustard; ELISA; human keratinocytes; IL-1 beta; IL-6 ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SKIN; PROLIFERATION; INTERLEUKIN-8; INFLAMMATION; CELLS; IL-8 AB Cytokines play a major role in both acute and chronic inflammatory processes, including those produced by sulfur mustard (HD). This study describes responses of normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells to 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide, sulfur mustard (HD), defined by interleukin-l beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release. A new method for detaching cell to cell adhesion between keratinocytes has been applied. This method permits the characterization of endogenous fluid from cellular content that could be applied for the development of therapeutic intervention. NHEK (typical average cell density 4.4 x 10(6) cells/mL) were exposed to HD (100 and 300 mu M) in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) for 24 h at 37 degrees C in humidified air. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to measure the cytokine release in NHEK during exposure to 100 and 300 mu M of HD. Exposure to 100 mu M HD increased release of cytokines. IL-1 beta (exposed: 1.41x10(-5)pg/cell +/- 1.60 x 10 (6) pg/cell: control 7.10 x 10 (6) pg cell +/- 1.20 x 10 (6) pg/cell), TNF-alpha (exposed: 1.06 x 10 (6) pg/cell +/- 7.3 x 10 (7) pg/cell; control: 4.04 x 10 (6) +/- 2.80 x 10 (7) pg/cell) and IL-8 (exposed: 3.71 x 10(-5) pg/ cell +/- 3.26 x 10 (6) pg/cell; control: 2.99 x 10 (6) pg/cell +/- 8.80 x 10 (7) pg/cell) were significantly enhanced when NHEK cells were detached from culture flasks by non-enzymatic procedures. Cell suspensions of NHEK released low amounts of IL-6 when exposed to 100 mu M for 24 h (exposed: 1.47 x 10(-6) +/- 1.60 x 10 (7) pg/cell; control: 1.28 x 10 (6) +/- 8.40 x 10 (8) pg/cell). However, cell suspensions of NHEK increased levels of IL-6 after exposure to 300 mu M HD (4.67 x 10 (-5) pg/cell +/- 3.90 x 10 (6) pg/cell; control: 3.99 x 10(-6) pg/cell +/- 5.50 x 10 (7) pg/cell). The amount of IL-8 and TNF-alpha present in cell suspensions increased up to 59-fold and fourfold, respectively, above control levels when NHEK cells were exposed to 300 mu M HD. Exposure of NHEK to 300 mu M HD had a highly variable effect on the release of IL-1 beta, where sometimes the secretion of IL-1 beta increased above baseline level and other times decreased in cell suspensions. Supernatants were collected from cell culture flasks 24 h after exposure of 100 and 300 mu M and significantly increased levels of IL-6 were observed. IL-6 was released in a concentration-dependent manner, 3.6-fold up to 8.4-fold, respectively, in supernatant. These proinflammatory mediators IL-1 beta, IL-8, TNF-alpha and IL-6 may play an important role in HD injury. The present findings suggest that cytokine changes detected could be used as potential biomarkers of cutaneous vesicant injury. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, UV,DA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Res, Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Arroyo, CM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, UV,DA, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0144-5952 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1191/096032799678839329 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 163YP UT WOS:000078434700001 PM 10025362 ER PT J AU Cleaver, JE Thompson, LH Richardson, AS States, JC AF Cleaver, JE Thompson, LH Richardson, AS States, JC TI A summary of mutations in the UV-sensitive disorders: Xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Review DE xeroderma pigmentosum; Cockayne syndrome; trichothiodystrophy; DNA repair; mutation ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; REPLICATION PROTEIN-A; TRANSCRIPTION-COUPLED REPAIR; DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; DAMAGE RECOGNITION PROTEIN; COMPLEMENTATION GROUP-D; GROUP-C PROTEIN; XPAC GENE; XPD GENE AB The human diseases xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy are caused by mutations in a set of interacting gene products, which carry out the process of nucleotide excision repair. The majority of the genes have now been cloned and many mutations in the genes identified. The relationships between the distribution of mutations in the genes and the clinical presentations can be used for diagnosis and for understanding the functions and the modes of interaction among the gene products. The summary presented here represents currently known mutations that can be used as the basis for future studies of the structure, function, and biochemical properties of the proteins involved in this set of complex disorders, and may allow determination of the critical sites for mutations leading to different clinical manifestations. The summary indicates where more data are needed for some complementation groups that have few reported mutations, and for the groups for which the gene(s) are not yet cloned. These include the Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) variant, the trichothiodystrophy group A (TTDA), and ultraviolet sensitive syndrome (UVs) groups. We also recommend that the XP group E should be defined explicitly through molecular terms, because assignment by complementation in culture has been difficult. XP-E by this definition contains only those cell lines and patients that have mutations in the small subunit, DDB2, of a damage specific DNA binding protein. Hum Mutat 14:9-22, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Wayne State Univ, Inst Chem Toxicol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Cleaver, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI States, J./H-4246-2011 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R25 RR12242]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES08061, R01 ES06460] NR 111 TC 139 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1059-7794 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 9 EP 22 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)14:1<9::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 212FR UT WOS:000081207100002 PM 10447254 ER PT J AU Rabehl, RJ Mitchell, JW Beckman, WA AF Rabehl, RJ Mitchell, JW Beckman, WA TI Parameter estimation and the use of catalog data in modeling heat exchangers and coils SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a technique for developing models that can accurately replicate equipment performance of heat exchangers and coils. The technique employs mechanistic relations with unspecified parameters as the basis for the model relations. Catalog information is then used to estimate the best value of the parameters. Only a few geometric specifications are required and only a small number of parameters need to be fit. The technique is robust and accurately replicates catalog information over the entire operating range. Major advantages are that the use of mechanistic relations allows extension to different heat transfer fluids, different temperature ranges, and different temperature levels. The performance of the models developed with this technique is compared to that using the models of the ASHRAE HVA C 2 Toolkit (Brandemuehl 1992) and the historical ASHRAE approach (Stoecker 1975). The technique is illustrated for the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of a specific set of chilled water cooling coils. Results for a number of different heat exchanger types from different manufacturers such as shell-in-tube heat exchangers, heating and cooling coils, and direct expansion coils are also reported. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Rabehl, RJ (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1080/10789669.1999.10391220 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 165BX UT WOS:000078500000002 ER PT B AU van Breugel, W De Breuck, C Stanford, A Rottgering, H Miley, G Stern, D Minniti, D Carilli, C AF van Breugel, W De Breuck, C Stanford, A Rottgering, H Miley, G Stern, D Minniti, D Carilli, C BE Bunker, AJ VanBreugel, WJM TI Ultra-steep spectrum radio galaxies at Hy redshifts SO HY-REDSHIFT UNIVERSE: GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION AT HIGH REDSHIFT SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on the Hy-Redshift Universe - Galaxy Formation and Evolution at High Redshift CY JUN 21-24, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF, BERKELEY, CA SP Univ Calif HO UNIV CALIF ID LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION; VLA-SKY-SURVEY; QUASARS; SAMPLE; Z=4.25; MHZ AB Radio sources have traditionally provided convenient beacons for probing the early Universe. Hy Spinrad was among the first of the tenacious breed of observers who would attempt to obtain optical identifications and spect:ra of the faintest possible 'radio galaxies' to investigate the formation and evolution of galaxies at hy redshift. Modern telescopes and instruments have made these tasks much simpler, although not easy, and here we summarize the current status of our hunts for by redshift radio galaxies (HyZRGs) using radio spectral and near-IR, selection. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wil@igpp.llnl.gov; adam@igpp.llnl.gov; dan@slothrop.berkeley.edu NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-019-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 193 BP 44 EP 54 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BP85L UT WOS:000086435200005 ER PT S AU McCluskey, MD Haller, EE AF McCluskey, MD Haller, EE BE Nickel, NH TI Hydrogen in III-V and II-VI semiconductors SO HYDROGEN IN SEMICONDUCTORS II SE Semiconductors and Semimetals LA English DT Review ID LOCAL VIBRATIONAL-MODES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INTERSTITIAL HYDROGEN; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ACCEPTOR-HYDROGEN; SEMIINSULATING INP; SHALLOW IMPURITIES; ALXGA1-XAS ALLOYS C1 Xerox Corp, Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 124 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 BN 0-12-752170-4 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET JI Semicond. Sdemimet. PY 1999 VL 61 BP 373 EP 440 PG 68 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BN22L UT WOS:000081151200009 ER PT B AU Hammack, RW Dijkman, H AF Hammack, RW Dijkman, H BE Young, SK Dreisinger, DB Hackl, RP Dixon, DG TI The application of bacterial sulfate reduction treatment to severely contaminated mine waters: results of three years of pilot plant testing SO HYDROMETALLURGY OF COPPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference of the COPPER 99/COBRE 99 CY OCT 10-13, 1999 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Chilean Inst Min Engineers, Met Soc Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Soc Min, Met & Explorat AB Results for the treatment of a problematic mining wastewater using bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) are presented. Specifically, a BSR pilot treatment plant (250 L per day) was used to treat Berkeley Pit simulant to discharge standards with the selective recovery of separate Cu- and Zn-sulfide concentrates. Concentrates recovered in these tests contained greater than 50 % of the target metal and met specifications for sale to existing smelters. The biological component of the treatment was found to be surprisingly robust. Scaling and solid/liquid separation problems were encountered but considered normal for sulfide treatment. For Berkeley Pit water, capital costs for BSR treatment was found to be comparable to high-density sludge lime treatment, The value received from the sale of recovered copper and zinc concentrates paid for all the operating costs. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Hammack, RW (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-438-0 PY 1999 BP 97 EP 111 PG 15 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BP62T UT WOS:000085715100008 ER PT J AU Lipkin, HJ AF Lipkin, HJ TI Mossbauer sum rules for use with synchrotron sources SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR BRAGG SCATTERING; RESONANT SCATTERING; RADIATION; RESOLUTION AB The availability of tunable synchrotron radiation sources with millivolt resolution has opened new prospects for exploring dynamics of complex systems with Mossbauer spectroscopy. Early Mossbauer treatments and moment sum rules are extended to treat inelastic excitations measured in synchrotron experiments, with emphasis on the unique new conditions absent in neutron scattering and arising in resonance scattering: prompt absorption, delayed emission, recoil-free transitions and coherent forward scattering. The first moment sum rule normalizes the inelastic spectrum. New sum rules obtained for higher moments include the third moment proportional to the second derivative of the potential acting on the Mossbauer nucleus and independent of temperature in the the harmonic approximation. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lipkin, HJ (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 123 IS 1-8 BP 349 EP 366 DI 10.1023/A:1017019822825 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 288VG UT WOS:000085584700010 ER PT J AU Sturhahn, W Kohn, VG AF Sturhahn, W Kohn, VG TI Theoretical aspects of incoherent nuclear resonant scattering SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB The influence of nonrotational atomic motion on the scattering of X-rays by nuclei with sharp resonances is investigated. Two incoherent scattering channels, nuclear resonant fluorescence and nuclear resonant absorption followed by conversion electron emission and atomic fluorescence, are studied in detail. Time dependence and cross sections for these processes are given. In both cases, the cross section is proportional to the self-intermediate scattering function of the resonant isotope. The influence of other X-ray scattering processes on incoherent nuclear resonant scattering is discussed. We find that incoherent scattering channels dominate in off-resonance excitations. Self-intermediate scattering functions for the ideal gas and the harmonic lattice are calculated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Sturhahn, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 36 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 123 IS 1-8 BP 367 EP 399 DI 10.1023/A:1017071806895 PG 33 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 288VG UT WOS:000085584700011 ER PT J AU Chumakov, AI Niesen, L Nagy, DL Alp, EE AF Chumakov, AI Niesen, L Nagy, DL Alp, EE TI Nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation by multilayer structures SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID INCIDENCE ANTIREFLECTION FILMS; DIFFRACTION EXPERIMENTS; MOSSBAUER; LAYERS; FE; EXCITATIONS; BEHAVIOR; RAYS AB Multilayer structures form a particular class of samples employed in nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation. Their specific properties lead to unusual energy and time characteristics of nuclear resonant scattering, which differ much from those of single crystals. The analysis of these distinctions is presented. Several approaches to achieve pure nuclear reflections with multilayers are discussed. Finally, we review the studies of multilayer structures with nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chumakov, AI (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. OI Nagy, Denes Lajos/0000-0002-6790-9505 NR 51 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 123 IS 1-8 BP 427 EP 454 DI 10.1023/A:1017028024642 PG 28 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 288VG UT WOS:000085584700013 ER PT J AU Leupold, O Chumakov, AI Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Baron, AQR AF Leupold, O Chumakov, AI Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Baron, AQR TI Noniron isotopes SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; TIME RESOLUTION; X-RAYS; EXCITATION; DETECTOR; SN-119; TA-181; EU-151 AB This article reports on experimental developments and first results for Mossbauer isotopes other than Fe-57. We will restrict ourselves to basic features of the resonances of Tm-169, Sn-119, Kr-83, Ta-181, and Eu-151 and want to point out remarkable differences in instrumentation - like monochromator design - compared with Fe-57. Some applications can be found in other sections of this issue. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SPring 8, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. RP Leupold, O (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. NR 50 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 123 IS 1-8 BP 611 EP 631 DI 10.1023/A:1017000713255 PG 21 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 288VG UT WOS:000085584700021 ER PT J AU Siddons, DP Bergmann, U Hastings, JB AF Siddons, DP Bergmann, U Hastings, JB TI Polarization effects in resonant nuclear scattering SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DEPENDENT POLARIZATION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MOSSBAUER EXPERIMENTS; BRAGG-DIFFRACTION; QUANTUM BEATS; X-RAYS; IRON AB Polarization phenomena are present in every radiative transition, whether it is of atomic or nuclear origin. Nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation is an ideal technique for their study because (a) the probing radiation is in a well characterized polarization state, in most cases linear, (b) the scattered radiation can be efficiently analyzed with polarization filters, and (c) synchrotron pulses are very short compared to the lifetime of a nuclear resonance, resulting in a clean signal. In the following article we describe experimental and theoretical studies of the 14.4 keV Mossbauer resonance of Fe-57 and its transitions with linear and circular polarization. After introducing the required instrumentation a formalism to calculate time dependent polarization phenomena is derived. With the help of different scattering geometries we illustrate various aspects, such as polarization mixing and selective excitation of subsets of the resonance. Perhaps the most fascinating example is the Faraday geometry where the E-vector rotates several 360 degrees turns during the lifetime of the resonant scattering. A comparison of this phenomenon with the optical Faraday effect is given. New powerful synchrotron radiation sources will enable researchers to exploit polarization phenomena in nuclear resonant scattering to detect subtle changes in physically and chemically relevant systems. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Siddons, DP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 123 IS 1-8 BP 681 EP 719 DI 10.1023/A:1017096512347 PG 39 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 288VG UT WOS:000085584700024 ER PT J AU Chumakov, AI Sturhahn, W AF Chumakov, AI Sturhahn, W TI Experimental aspects of inelastic nuclear resonance scattering SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; MEV ENERGY RESOLUTION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; FE-57; ABSORPTION; EXCITATION; DYNAMICS; PHONONS; CRYSTAL AB We present an introduction to the technique of inelastic nuclear scattering. The details of experimental setup, instrumentation, and measuring procedure are discussed. The typical appearance of experimental results and a brief description of data treatment methods are illustrated by examples of recent studies. Finally, the scope of information on lattice dynamics that is accessible with inelastic nuclear scattering is outlined. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chumakov, AI (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. NR 50 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 7 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 123 IS 1-8 BP 781 EP 808 DI 10.1023/A:1017052730094 PG 28 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 288VG UT WOS:000085584700027 ER PT J AU Sturhahn, W Chumakov, A AF Sturhahn, W Chumakov, A TI Lamb-Mossbauer factor and second-order Doppler shift from inelastic nuclear resonant absorption SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; X-RAYS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; ALPHA-FE-57; RESOLUTION; SN-119; STATES; FE-57; IRON AB The derivation of Lamb-Mossbauer factors and second-order Doppler shifts from data that are measured by inelastic nuclear resonant absorption of synchroton radiation is demonstrated. This approach offers a viable alternative to procedures that are based on elastic absorption and scattering techniques. The sources of error are evaluated, and a selection of examples is provided. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Sturhahn, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 123 IS 1-8 BP 809 EP 824 DI 10.1023/A:1017060931911 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 288VG UT WOS:000085584700028 ER PT J AU Keune, W Sturhahn, W AF Keune, W Sturhahn, W TI Inelastic nuclear resonant absorption of synchrotron radiation in thin films and multilayers SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID TB-FE FILMS; STRUCTURAL ANISOTROPY; METALLIC SUPERLATTICES; SCATTERING; INTERFACE; PHONONS; DEPENDENCE; CEMS AB Inelastic nuclear resonant absorption of synchrotron radiation is an efficient and unique method for the direct measurement of vibrational density of states (VDOS) of thin films and interfaces that contain Mossbauer isotopes. This is demonstrated for the Fe-57 nuclear resonance in the case of amorphous and crystalline Tb-Fe alloy thin films and buried Fe/Cr interfaces in epitaxial alpha-Fe(0 0 1)/Cr(0 0 1) superlattices. C1 Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, Lab Angew Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Keune, W (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, Lab Angew Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 123 IS 1-8 BP 847 EP 861 DI 10.1023/A:1017008915073 PG 15 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 288VG UT WOS:000085584700031 ER PT J AU Pollmann, J Ruter, HD Gerdau, E AF Pollmann, J Ruter, HD Gerdau, E TI The temperature dependence of the hyperfine parameters of YIG below the Curie point SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Mossbauer spectroscopy; yttrium iron garnet ID LINE-SHAPE; DIFFRACTION AB The temperature dependence of the hyperfine parameters of the Fe-57 nuclei in yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) between room temperature and the Curie point was studied by means of conventional Mossbauer transmission spectroscopy. The critical exponent beta, which describes the temperature dependence of the magnetic hyperfine field of 57Fe in YIG, was found to be 0.29(1) and 0.33(1) in the [a]- and (d)-sublattice, respectively. In the temperature region just below the Curie point relaxation of the internal hyperfine fields could be observed. The phase transition at the Curie point shows a distinct dependence on the grain size in the sample. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RP Pollmann, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 122 IS 3-4 BP 353 EP 364 DI 10.1023/A:1012699118282 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 258XG UT WOS:000083864500013 ER PT J AU Sato, K Miyake, T Morishita, A Matsuta, K Minamisono, T Tanigaki, M Takeda, S Mihara, M Fukuda, M Nojiri, Y Minamisono, K Fukao, T Matsumoto, Y Ohtsubo, T Fukuda, S Momota, S Yoshida, K Ozawa, A Kobayashi, T Tanihata, I Sagawa, H Kitagawa, H Krebs, GF Alonso, JR Symons, TJM AF Sato, K Miyake, T Morishita, A Matsuta, K Minamisono, T Tanigaki, M Takeda, S Mihara, M Fukuda, M Nojiri, Y Minamisono, K Fukao, T Matsumoto, Y Ohtsubo, T Fukuda, S Momota, S Yoshida, K Ozawa, A Kobayashi, T Tanihata, I Sagawa, H Kitagawa, H Krebs, GF Alonso, JR Symons, TJM TI Hyperfine interactions of O-19 in TiO2 and quadrupole moments of O-13,O-19 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions CY AUG 23-28, 1998 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA ID PROTON HALO AB The electric quadrupole interaction of O-19(I-pi = (5/2)(+), T-1/2 = 27.0 s) in TiO2 single crystal was studied in detail by means of the beta-NQR to determine the electric quadrupole moments Q of short-lived beta-emitting nuclei O-19 and O-13(I-pi = (3/2)(-) T-1/2 = 8.6 ms). Two implantation sites were found for the implanted O nucleus and the quadrupole coupling constants of O-19 at these sites were determined. We observed FT-NMR of the enriched stable isotope O-17 in TiO2 and obtained the electric field gradient (EFG) at the oxygen substitutional site. With this knowledge, we have determined Q(O-13) = 11.0 +/- 1.3 mb and Q(O-19) = 3.7 +/- 0.4 mb. The present results are compared with the theoretical values calculated by the shell model code, OXBASH and by the Hartree-Fock calculation with the realistic potential. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Cyclotron & Radio Isotope Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. Gunma Univ, Fac Engn, Kiryu, Gumma 376, Japan. Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 782, Japan. Niigata Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Niigata 95021, Japan. Energy Res Ctr, Fukui 914, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. Univ Aizu, Ctr Math Sci, Fukushima 965, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Fac Sci, Hachioji, Tokyo 19203, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sato, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 120 IS 1-8 BP 661 EP 665 DI 10.1023/A:1017031908770 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 236UP UT WOS:000082617800111 ER PT J AU Matsuta, K Onishi, T Fukuda, M Minamisono, T Akai, H Sasaki, M Yamaguchi, T Miyake, T Sato, K Minamisono, K Ohsumi, F Muramoto, Y Oui, S Ha, C Tanaka, K Kidera, K Morishita, A Kitagawa, A Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Nishio, T Koda, S Ohtsubo, T Fukuda, S Nojiri, Y Momota, S Ozawa, A Yoshida, K Suzuki, T Kobayashi, T Tanihata, I Hanna, SS Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM AF Matsuta, K Onishi, T Fukuda, M Minamisono, T Akai, H Sasaki, M Yamaguchi, T Miyake, T Sato, K Minamisono, K Ohsumi, F Muramoto, Y Oui, S Ha, C Tanaka, K Kidera, K Morishita, A Kitagawa, A Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Nishio, T Koda, S Ohtsubo, T Fukuda, S Nojiri, Y Momota, S Ozawa, A Yoshida, K Suzuki, T Kobayashi, T Tanihata, I Hanna, SS Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM TI Electromagnetic moments of short lived beta emitters F-21, Mg-23, Si-27 and Ca-39 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions CY AUG 23-28, 1998 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA AB The beta-NMR spectra of F-21, Mg-23, Si-27 and Ca-39 which were produced in heavy ion collisions and implanted in various crystals have been observed. The magnetic moments of F-21 and Si-27 were determined to be \mu(F-21)\ = 3.9194 +/- 0.0012 mu(N) and \mu(Si-27)\ = 0.8653 +/- 0.0003 mu(N), respectively. The electric quadrupole coupling constants were determined for the first time to be \eqQ(F-21 in MgF2)/h\ = 9.94 +/- 0.09 MHz, \eqQ(Mg-23 in MgF2)/h\ = 1.96 +/- 0.06 MHz, \eqQ(Si-27 in Al2O3)/h\ = 1.90 +/- 0.12 MHz, \eqQ(Ca-39 in CaCO3)/h\ = 0.60 +/- 0.04 MHz. From the present eqQ/h, the Q moments were deduced as \Q(F-21)\ = 110 +/- 22 mb, \Q(Mg-23)\ = 114 +/- 3 mb, \Q(Si-27)\ = 60 +/- 13 mb and \Q(Ca-39)\ = 36 +/- 7 mb. The present data were compared with the theoretical values obtained by the OXBASH shell model code. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. NIRS, HIMAC, Inage Ku, Chiba 263, Japan. Niigata Univ, Fac Sci, Niigata 95021, Japan. Energy Ctr, Fukui 914, Japan. Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 782, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Matsuta, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 120 IS 1-8 BP 673 EP 677 DI 10.1023/A:1017036009679 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 236UP UT WOS:000082617800113 ER PT J AU Matsuta, K Onishi, T Fukuda, M Minamisono, T Mihara, M Sasaki, M Yamaguchi, T Miyake, T Sato, K Minamisono, K Ohsumi, F Muramoto, Y Oui, S Ha, C Tanaka, K Kidera, K Morishita, A Tsubota, T Sumikama, T Kitagawa, A Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Nishio, T Koda, S Ohtsubo, T Fukuda, S Nojiri, Y Momota, S Ozawa, A Yoshida, K Suzuki, T Kobayashi, T Tanihata, I Hanna, SS Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM AF Matsuta, K Onishi, T Fukuda, M Minamisono, T Mihara, M Sasaki, M Yamaguchi, T Miyake, T Sato, K Minamisono, K Ohsumi, F Muramoto, Y Oui, S Ha, C Tanaka, K Kidera, K Morishita, A Tsubota, T Sumikama, T Kitagawa, A Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Nishio, T Koda, S Ohtsubo, T Fukuda, S Nojiri, Y Momota, S Ozawa, A Yoshida, K Suzuki, T Kobayashi, T Tanihata, I Hanna, SS Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM TI Spin polarization of beta-emitting fragments in high energy heavy ions on Be collisions SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions CY AUG 23-28, 1998 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA AB The degrees of nuclear spin polarization of B-8,B-12, C-9, N-12, O-13, F-20,F-21, Mg-23, Si-27 and Ca-39 produced in the high energy C-12,C-13, O-16, Ne-22, Mg-24, Si-28 and Ca-40 ions on Be collisions have been measured systematically, for the technical developments of the nuclear moment studies as well as the hyperfine interaction studies by means of beta-NMR technique. The fragment momentum dependences were well reproduced by the simple kinematical model. Incident energy dependence and the mass dependence as well as the reaction angle dependences were qualitatively explained by the mixing of the near and far side collisions. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. NIRS, HIMAC, Chiba 263, Japan. Niigata Univ, Fac Sci, Niigata 95021, Japan. Energy Ctr Wakasa Bay, Fukui 914, Japan. Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 782, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Matsuta, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 120 IS 1-8 BP 713 EP 717 DI 10.1023/A:1017000429243 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 236UP UT WOS:000082617800120 ER PT J AU Matsuta, K Minamisono, T Tanigaki, M Onishi, T Fukuda, M Mihara, M Akai, H Sasaki, M Yamaguchi, T Miyake, T Sato, K Minamisono, K Ha, C Tanaka, K Kidera, K Morishita, A Kaminaka, S Tsubota, T Sumikama, T Kitagawa, A Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Nishio, T Koda, S Ohtsubo, T Nojiri, Y Momota, S Hanna, SS Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM AF Matsuta, K Minamisono, T Tanigaki, M Onishi, T Fukuda, M Mihara, M Akai, H Sasaki, M Yamaguchi, T Miyake, T Sato, K Minamisono, K Ha, C Tanaka, K Kidera, K Morishita, A Kaminaka, S Tsubota, T Sumikama, T Kitagawa, A Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Nishio, T Koda, S Ohtsubo, T Nojiri, Y Momota, S Hanna, SS Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM TI Knight shifts for short-lived beta emitters in Pt SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions CY AUG 23-28, 1998 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA AB The Knight shifts K for short-lived beta emitters N-12 and Si-27 implanted in Pt have been measured by means of beta-NMR technique. The results were K(N-12 in Pt) = +(5.8 +/- 2.1) X 10(-4) and K(Si-27 in Pt) = +(1.4 +/- 0.8) X 10(-3). The spin-lattice relaxation time T-1 was measured for N-12 in Pt. The result was T-1(N-12 in Pt, T = 300 K) = 66 +/- 8 ms, thus, T1T = 20 +/- 2 Ks. The present Knight shifts are in good agreement with the KKR band structure calculation with local lattice relaxation determined theoretically. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Radio Isotope Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. NIRS, HIMAC, Chiba 263, Japan. Niigata Univ, Fac Sci, Niigata 95021, Japan. Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 782, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Matsuta, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 120 IS 1-8 BP 719 EP 723 DI 10.1023/A:1017052413313 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 236UP UT WOS:000082617800121 ER PT J AU Maev, EM Balin, DV Case, T Crowe, KM Del Rosso, A Ganzha, VA Hartmann, FJ Kozlov, SM Lauss, B Maev, OE Muhlbauer, M Mulhauser, F Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Soroka, MA Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI Zmeskal, J AF Maev, EM Balin, DV Case, T Crowe, KM Del Rosso, A Ganzha, VA Hartmann, FJ Kozlov, SM Lauss, B Maev, OE Muhlbauer, M Mulhauser, F Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Soroka, MA Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI Zmeskal, J TI Measurement of the muon transfer rate from deuterium to He-3 at low temperature SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Exotic Atoms, Molecules and Muon Catalyzed Fusion (EXAT98) CY JUL 19-24, 1998 CL UNIV FRIBOURG, FRIBOURG, SWITZERLAND SP ETH Zurich, Ctr Stefano Franscini, Paul Scherrer Inst, Univ Fribourg, Swiss Natl Fdn HO UNIV FRIBOURG ID HYDROGEN AB The muon transfer rate (<(lambda)over tilde>(d3He)) from deuterium to He-3 at temperatures of 39.5 K and 50.0 K, respectively, has been determined as a by-product of the experiment aimed to search for muon catalyzed d(3)He-fusion. The measurements were performed in the muon beam at PSI with a multi-anode high pressure ionization chamber as a target and detector of the incoming muons and the charged reaction products. The chamber was filled with the HD+He-3(5.6%) gas mixture of 9.21% LHD density. The analysis of time distributions of dd-fusion events was able to determine the transfer rates: <(lambda)over tilde>(d3He)(50 K)=(2.32 +/- 0.09) x 10(8) s(-1), <(lambda)over tilde>(d3He)(39.5 K)=(2.33 +/- 0.16) . 10(8) s(-1). These values, normalized to liquid hydrogen density (LHD, 4.25 . 10(22) atoms/cm(3)), significantly exceed the transfer rates at room temperature, in agreement with theoretical predictions. C1 Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Fribourg, Inst Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Austrian Acad Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. EM maev@hep486.pnpi.spb.ru; case@sseos.lbl.gov; antonella.delrosso@unifr.ch; hartmann@e18.physik.tu-muenchen.de; lauss@aimep0.imep.UniVie.ac.at; muehlbauer@ubaclu.unibas.ch; mulhauser@ufper6.unifr.ch; petitjean@psi.ch; semench@hep486.pnpi.spb.ru; vorobyov@rec03.pnpi.spb.ru; voropaev@hep486.pnpi.spb.ru NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 119 IS 1-4 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1023/A:1012671022090 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EL UT WOS:000080977500017 ER PT J AU Kammel, P AF Kammel, P TI High intensity muon pion beam with time structure at PSI SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Exotic Atoms, Molecules and Muon Catalyzed Fusion (EXAT98) CY JUL 19-24, 1998 CL UNIV FRIBOURG, FRIBOURG, SWITZERLAND SP ETH Zurich, Ctr Stefano Franscini, Paul Scherrer Inst, Univ Fribourg, Swiss Natl Fdn HO UNIV FRIBOURG DE muon capture; muon lifetime; Standard Model parameters AB A new initiative is presented to develop a high intensity muon/pion beam with a time structure optimized to the muon lifetime. Such a facility would provide exciting physics opportunities for dramatically improved fundamental experiments, e.g., in the field of muon capture, muon lifetime and muonium spectroscopy. The high primary beam intensity at PSI allows intense chopped muon beams by installing a fast electrostatic kicker in a secondary channel. Two modes of operation are foreseen: a muon-on-request scheme, which uses active feedback from a beam counter in the experimental area and a periodic pulsed mode with about 5-20% duty factor. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kammel, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 119 IS 1-4 BP 323 EP 328 DI 10.1023/A:1012680618881 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EL UT WOS:000080977500046 ER PT J AU Vorobyov, AA Ackerbauer, P Adamczak, A Andreev, VA Balin, DV Beer, GA Breunlich, WH Case, T Crowe, KM Daniel, H Deutsch, J Dick, PU Dijksman, A Egger, J von Egidy, T Faifman, MP Fetisov, AA Ganzha, VA Govaerts, J Gusev, VV Hartmann, FJ Herold, WD Kammel, P Krivshich, AG Lauss, B Maev, EM Markushin, VE Martino, J Marton, J Menshikov, LI Muhlbauer, M Petitjean, C Petitjean, T Petrov, GE Ponomarev, LI Prieels, R Prymas, W Schapkin, GN Schops, W Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Voropaev, NI AF Vorobyov, AA Ackerbauer, P Adamczak, A Andreev, VA Balin, DV Beer, GA Breunlich, WH Case, T Crowe, KM Daniel, H Deutsch, J Dick, PU Dijksman, A Egger, J von Egidy, T Faifman, MP Fetisov, AA Ganzha, VA Govaerts, J Gusev, VV Hartmann, FJ Herold, WD Kammel, P Krivshich, AG Lauss, B Maev, EM Markushin, VE Martino, J Marton, J Menshikov, LI Muhlbauer, M Petitjean, C Petitjean, T Petrov, GE Ponomarev, LI Prieels, R Prymas, W Schapkin, GN Schops, W Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Voropaev, NI TI Final results on the mu He-3-capture experiment and perspectives for mu p-capture studies SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOSCALAR COUPLING-CONSTANT; HE-3 AB Muon capture on hydrogen gives a unique possibility for a measurement of the pseudo-scalar form factor g(p) (q(c)(2) = -0.88 m(mu)(2)) of the nucleonic weak current, thus providing a sensitive test of the QCD chiral symmetry perturbation theory which predicts the value of this form factor with a precision of Delta g(p)/g(p) similar or equal to 2%. For adequate comparison with theory, the muon capture rate Lambda(c) should be measured with a precision of Delta Lambda(c)/Lambda(c) less than or equal to 1%, that is an order of magnitude better than the precision of the present world data. We report on the project of an experiment designed to provide the required precision. Also, we present the final result of our previous experiment on a high precision measurement of the \mu(3)He capture rate and compare this result with the PCAC prediction. C1 Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Austrian Acad Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85720 Garching, Germany. Univ Catholique Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Russian Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Vorobyov, AA (reprint author), Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. RI Marton, Johann/H-2668-2012 OI Marton, Johann/0000-0001-5139-7720 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1023/A:1012616015304 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EB UT WOS:000080976300003 ER PT J AU Marshall, GM Porcelli, TA Adamczak, A Bailey, JM Beer, GA Faifman, MP Fujiwara, MC Huber, TM Jacot-Guillarmod, R Kammel, P Kim, SK Knowles, PE Kunselman, AR Maier, M Markushin, VE Mason, GR Mulhauser, F Olin, A Petitjean, C Zmeskal, J AF Marshall, GM Porcelli, TA Adamczak, A Bailey, JM Beer, GA Faifman, MP Fujiwara, MC Huber, TM Jacot-Guillarmod, R Kammel, P Kim, SK Knowles, PE Kunselman, AR Maier, M Markushin, VE Mason, GR Mulhauser, F Olin, A Petitjean, C Zmeskal, J TI Resonant formation measurements of dt mu via time of flight SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE muon catalyzed fusion; resonant formation; muonic atoms; muonic hydrogen; exotic atoms ID D-T FUSION; CATALYZED FUSION; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; DEUTERIUM; TRITIUM; VACUUM AB Solid hydrogen in the form of an inhomogeneous layered target offers several experimental advantages when compared with liquid or gas. Beams of non-thermalized muonic hydrogen atoms allow us to explore resonant molecular ion formation processes near eV kinetic energies. Isotopically specific layers make it possible to separate competing and confusing interactions and to employ the time of flight for comparison with predictions based on theoretical energy dependences. Unambiguous charged fusion product detection simplifies absolute intensity measurements. The systematic uncertainties encountered in resonant molecular ion formation measurements, using solid hydrogen target layers, are being investigated with simulations which use the many calculated energy-dependent rates and cross-sections which are now available. The importance of the rates for processes such as muon transfer and elastic scattering are discussed, and results of some recent analyses are presented. C1 TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Chester Technol, Chester, Cheshire, England. Russian Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Gustavus Adolphus Coll, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. Univ Fribourg, Inst Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Jeonju 560756, South Korea. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Austrian Acad Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM mrshl@triumf.ca NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1023/A:1012636619847 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EB UT WOS:000080976300013 ER PT J AU Bom, VR Bradbury, JN Davies, JD Demin, AM Demin, DL Drebushko, AE Dzhelepov, VP van Eijk, CWE Filchenkov, VV Golubkov, AN Grafov, NN Grebinnik, VG Grishechkin, SK Klevtsov, VG Konin, AD Kukolkin, AA Medved', SV Nazarov, VA Perevozchikov, VV Pryanichnikov, VI Rozhkov, VY Rudenko, AI Sadetsky, SM Semenchuk, GG Sidorov, VT Smirenin, YV Sukhoi, II Voropaev, NI Yukhimchuk, AA Zinov, VG Zlatoustovskii, SV AF Bom, VR Bradbury, JN Davies, JD Demin, AM Demin, DL Drebushko, AE Dzhelepov, VP van Eijk, CWE Filchenkov, VV Golubkov, AN Grafov, NN Grebinnik, VG Grishechkin, SK Klevtsov, VG Konin, AD Kukolkin, AA Medved', SV Nazarov, VA Perevozchikov, VV Pryanichnikov, VI Rozhkov, VY Rudenko, AI Sadetsky, SM Semenchuk, GG Sidorov, VT Smirenin, YV Sukhoi, II Voropaev, NI Yukhimchuk, AA Zinov, VG Zlatoustovskii, SV TI Temperature and density dependence of mu-catalysis cycling rate in dense D T and H/D/T gas mixtures SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID FUSION; DEUTERIUM; TRITIUM AB Muon catalyzed dt fusion in dense D/T and H/D/T gas mixtures of hydrogen isotopes is studied by the MCF collaboration at JINR. The measurements were carried out with a high pressure target at the JINR phasotron in the temperature range 300-800 K at mixture densities similar or equal to 0.4 and similar or equal to 0.8 LHD. Tentative experimental results obtained by several analysis methods are presented. C1 Delft Univ Technol, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Sarov 607200, Nizhniy Novgoro, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab Nucl Problems, Dubna 141980, Russia. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. RP Bom, VR (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. RI Bom, Victor/C-5691-2008 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1023/A:1012688603918 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EB UT WOS:000080976300014 ER PT J AU Averin, YP Balin, DV Bom, VR Bradbury, JN Davies, JD Demin, AM Demin, DL Drebushko, AE Dzhelepov, VP van Eijk, CWE Filchenkov, VV Golubkov, AN Grafov, NN Grebinnik, VG Grishechkin, SK Klevtsov, VG Konin, AD Kukolkin, AA Medved', SV Modenov, AB Nazarov, VA Perevozchikov, VV Pryanichnikov, VI Rozhkov, VY Rudenko, AI Sadetsky, SM Semenchuk, GG Sidorov, VT Smirenin, YV Sukhoi, II Travkin, VV Voropaev, NI Yukhimchuk, AA Zinov, VG Zlatoustovskii, SV AF Averin, YP Balin, DV Bom, VR Bradbury, JN Davies, JD Demin, AM Demin, DL Drebushko, AE Dzhelepov, VP van Eijk, CWE Filchenkov, VV Golubkov, AN Grafov, NN Grebinnik, VG Grishechkin, SK Klevtsov, VG Konin, AD Kukolkin, AA Medved', SV Modenov, AB Nazarov, VA Perevozchikov, VV Pryanichnikov, VI Rozhkov, VY Rudenko, AI Sadetsky, SM Semenchuk, GG Sidorov, VT Smirenin, YV Sukhoi, II Travkin, VV Voropaev, NI Yukhimchuk, AA Zinov, VG Zlatoustovskii, SV TI Novel method for MCF study in a dense D T mixture, first experimental results SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE muon; fusion; cycling rate ID MUON-CATALYZED FUSION; STICKING; TRITIUM AB Preliminary data are first presented for the measurements of effective parameters of MCF processes in dense D/T mixtures obtained by a novel method. Results are compared with the ones obtained by the "standard" method. C1 Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Sarov 607200, Nizhniy Novgoro, Russia. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Delft Univ Technol, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab Nucl Problems, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Averin, YP (reprint author), Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Sarov 607200, Nizhniy Novgoro, Russia. RI Bom, Victor/C-5691-2008 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1023/A:1012640720756 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EB UT WOS:000080976300015 ER PT J AU Petitjean, C Balin, DV Breunlich, WH Case, T Crowe, KM Daniel, H Faifman, MP Ganzha, VA Gartner, B Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Kozlov, S Lauss, B Maev, EM Markushin, VE Misko, YA Muhlbauer, M Petrov, GE Prymas, W Schapkin, GN Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Trofimov, VA Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI Zmeskal, J AF Petitjean, C Balin, DV Breunlich, WH Case, T Crowe, KM Daniel, H Faifman, MP Ganzha, VA Gartner, B Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Kozlov, S Lauss, B Maev, EM Markushin, VE Misko, YA Muhlbauer, M Petrov, GE Prymas, W Schapkin, GN Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Trofimov, VA Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI Zmeskal, J TI Muon catalyzed fusion in deuterium gas SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE exotic atom; muonic molecule ID DD-FUSION; HYDROGEN AB We present the results of an experiment performed at PSI to investigate muon catalyzed fusion in pure deuterium gas of 5% density (LHD) at temperatures ranging from 28 K to 350 K. Using a new high pressure ionization chamber the reactions dd --> n + He-3 and dd --> p + t were observed with 100% detection efficiency. The rates of d mu d formation were measured with the absolute precision of 1% and the mu d spin-flip rates with 0.5%. The temperature dependence of molecular formation and spin-flip rates display pronounced resonance structures. A preliminary fit based on the Vesman mechanism of resonant muonic molecule formation was carried out yielding a dd fusion rate of 3.5 . 10(8) s(-1) and a hfs splitting energy delta epsilon(d mu d) of 24.3 meV, both in good agreement with the theory. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Austrian Acad Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Russian Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1023/A:1012644821665 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EB UT WOS:000080976300017 ER PT J AU Voropaev, NI Balin, DV Breunlich, WN Case, T Crowe, KM Daniel, H Ganzha, VA Gartner, B Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Kozlov, SM Lauss, B Maev, EM Markushin, VE Misko, YA Muhlbauer, M Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Prymas, W Schapkin, GN Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Trofimov, VA Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Zmeskal, J AF Voropaev, NI Balin, DV Breunlich, WN Case, T Crowe, KM Daniel, H Ganzha, VA Gartner, B Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Kozlov, SM Lauss, B Maev, EM Markushin, VE Misko, YA Muhlbauer, M Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Prymas, W Schapkin, GN Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Trofimov, VA Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Zmeskal, J TI First observation of spin flip in d mu-atoms via formation and back decay of dd mu molecules SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID FUSION AB We present the results of precision measurements of d mu spin-flip rates in pure D(2), in pure HD gas, and in the non-equilibrium and equilibrium H(2) + D(2) gas mixtures. The experiments were performed at PSI in 1994-1996 using the high pressure ionization chamber from Gatchina as a 100\% efficient detector of the charged fusion products. The measurements have been carried out in the temperature range 28-300 K, at gas density of 5% of LHD. In pure deuterium, the measured temperature dependence of the spin-flip rate allowed us to separate the two components (resonant and non-resonant) of the spin-flip processes. From the experiments in H/D mixtures we have measured the non-resonant spin-flip rate in collisions of d mu-atoms with HD molecules. Comparison with the theory revealed considerable disagreement in the case of non-resonant spin-flip in collisions of the d mu-atoms with D(2) molecules. C1 Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Austrian Acad Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Voropaev, NI (reprint author), Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1023/A:1012696805735 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EB UT WOS:000080976300018 ER PT J AU Semenchuk, GG Balin, DV Case, T Crowe, KM Ganzha, VA Hartmann, FJ Kozlov, SM Lauss, B Maev, EM Muhlbauer, M Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schott, W Smirenin, YV Soroka, MA Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI Zmeskal, J AF Semenchuk, GG Balin, DV Case, T Crowe, KM Ganzha, VA Hartmann, FJ Kozlov, SM Lauss, B Maev, EM Muhlbauer, M Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schott, W Smirenin, YV Soroka, MA Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI Zmeskal, J TI Study of muon catalyzed dd-fusion in HD gas SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article AB The results of an experiment on muon catalyzed dd-fussion in HD gas are presented. The experiment was performed at the muon beam of PSI using a high-pressure ionization chamber filled with pure HD-gas of low D-2 concentration on the level 1%, at temperatures 50, 150 and 300 K. The non-resonant character of dd mu-molecule formation on HD molecules was confirmed by measuring the ratio of yields of the two dd mu-fusion channels, R = Y(He-3,n)/Y(H-3,p), which proved to be close to unity. The dd mu formation rate was found to vary from lambda(dd mu-HD) = 0.05.10(6) s(-1) at T = 50 K to lambda(dd mu-HD) = 0.12.10(6) s(-1) at T = 300 K, in agreement with the theoretical prediction. A prominent peak at t < 60 ns was observed in the time spectrum of fusion neutrons indicating a resonant contribution of dd\mu formation from epithermal d\mu atoms. C1 Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Austrian Acad Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1023/A:1012648922573 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EB UT WOS:000080976300019 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, MC Adamczak, A Bailey, JM Beer, GA Beveridge, JL Faifman, MP Huber, TM Jacot-Guillarmod, R Kammel, P Kim, SK Knowles, PE Kunselman, AR Maier, M Markushin, VE Marshall, GM Martoff, CJ Mason, GR Mulhauser, F Olin, A Petitjean, C Porcelli, TA Wozniak, J Zmeskal, J AF Fujiwara, MC Adamczak, A Bailey, JM Beer, GA Beveridge, JL Faifman, MP Huber, TM Jacot-Guillarmod, R Kammel, P Kim, SK Knowles, PE Kunselman, AR Maier, M Markushin, VE Marshall, GM Martoff, CJ Mason, GR Mulhauser, F Olin, A Petitjean, C Porcelli, TA Wozniak, J Zmeskal, J TI Time-of-flight spectroscopy of muonic tritium SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE muonic hydrogen; muon catalyzed fusion; Ramsauer-Townsend effect ID HYDROGEN; VACUUM AB Emission of muonic tritium from a solid hydrogen layer has been studied via imaging of the muon-decay electrons and the time-of-flight distributions have been compared with detailed Monte Carlo calculations. Results are consistent at the 10% level with the theoretical prediction of a Ramsauer-Townsend minimum cross-section energy. C1 Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Chester Technol, Chester, Cheshire, England. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Gustavus Adolphus Coll, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. Univ Fribourg, Inst Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Jeonju, South Korea. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. PSI, Villigen, Switzerland. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Inst Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Austrian Acad Sci, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. RP Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM fujiwara@triumf.ca NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1023/A:1012653023482 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EB UT WOS:000080976300021 ER PT J AU Maev, EM Balin, DV Case, T Crowe, KM Del Rosso, A Ganzha, VA Hartmann, FJ Kozlov, SM Lauss, B Maev, OE Muhlbauer, M Mulhauser, F Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Soroka, MA Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI Zmeskal, J AF Maev, EM Balin, DV Case, T Crowe, KM Del Rosso, A Ganzha, VA Hartmann, FJ Kozlov, SM Lauss, B Maev, OE Muhlbauer, M Mulhauser, F Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Soroka, MA Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI Zmeskal, J TI Search for muon catalyzed d(3)He-fusion SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID DECAY AB We report on the results of an experiment aimed at observing muon-catalyzed d(3)He-fusion with a setup previously used for studies of the muon-catalyzed dd-fusion. The basic element of the setup is a high pressure ionization chamber operating as an active target. In this experiment the chamber was filled with an HD + He-3 (5.6%) gas mixture at 13.2 bar pressure and 50 K temperature. These conditions were chosen as optimal for formation of the He-3 mu d-molecules with a low level of background from the d-mu-d fusion. The chamber was exposed to the negative muon beam at PSI. During a 3-week data-taking period, 9.7 x 10(8) muon stops have been selected. The analysis of the data was able to determine a new upper limit for the d(3)He-fusion rate in the He-3 mu d-molecule (lambda(f) less than or equal to 6 x 10(4) s(-1)), which is more than three orders of magnitude lower than the previously existed limit. C1 Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Fribourg, Inst Phys, Perolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Austrian Acad Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Maev, EM (reprint author), Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1023/A:1012609308461 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EB UT WOS:000080976300024 ER PT J AU Case, T Balin, DV Breunlich, WH Crowe, KM Daniel, H Gartner, B Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Lauss, B Maev, EM Markushin, VE Muhlbauer, M Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Prymas, W Schapkin, GN Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI Zmeskal, J AF Case, T Balin, DV Breunlich, WH Crowe, KM Daniel, H Gartner, B Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Lauss, B Maev, EM Markushin, VE Muhlbauer, M Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Prymas, W Schapkin, GN Schott, W Semenchuk, GG Smirenin, YV Vasiliev, AA Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI Zmeskal, J TI Insights on d mu t sticking from d mu d stripping and mu He-3 capture SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE muon catalyzed fusion; sticking; stripping ID OMEGA-S; FUSION AB Data from the recent PSI high statistics experiment on d mu d fusion are used to measure the stripping process in d mu d --> n + mu He-3 and test current calculations of the stripping process. The PSI results in mu He-3 capture are also used to remove a troubling background from this measurement. Combination of these results with the old d mu t sticking analysis slightly raise and improve that result to omega(s) = (0.58 +/- 0.04)% and indicate that theory and experiment can meet if theoretical stripping is increased only at the beginning of the track. This conclusion is in accord with the new stripping calculations where excited state stripping is increased significantly. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Austrian Acad Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Case, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1999 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1023/A:1012617510278 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 208EB UT WOS:000080976300028 ER PT S AU He, C Zweig, G AF He, C Zweig, G GP IEEE IEEE TI Adaptive two-band spectral subtraction with multi-window spectral estimation SO ICASSP '99: 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 99) CY MAR 15-19, 1999 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB An improved spectral subtraction algorithm for enhancing speech corrupted by additive wideband noise is described. The artifactual noise introduced by spectral subtraction that is perceived as musical noise is 7 dB less than that introduced by the classical spectral subtraction algorithm of Berouti et al. Speech is decomposed into voiced and unvoiced sections. Since voiced speech is primarily stochastic at high frequencies, the voiced speech is high-pass filtered to extract its stochastic component. The cut-off frequency is estimated adaptively. Multi-window spectral estimation is used to estimate the spectrum of stochastically voiced and unvoiced speech, thereby reducing the spectral variance. A low-pass filter is used to extract the deterministic component of voiced speech. Its spectrum is estimated with a single window. Spectral subtraction is performed with the classical algorithm using the estimated spectra. Informal listening tests confirm that the new algorithm creates significantly less musical noise than the classical algorithm. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP He, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, MS B276, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-5041-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1999 BP 793 EP 796 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.1999.759790 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BM75N UT WOS:000079690700199 ER PT B AU McBride, DD Henfling, JF Clark, EL AF McBride, DD Henfling, JF Clark, EL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Determining the transfer function for unsteady pressure measurements using a method of characteristics solution SO ICIASF'99: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INSTRUMENTATION IN AEROSPACE SIMULATION FACILITIES, RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities (ICIASF'99) CY JUN 14-17, 1999 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP Onera-Ctr, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Delegat Gen Armement, Conseil Reg Midi-Pyrenees, Mairie Toulouse, Co Presenting Instrument Syst AB An inverse Fourier transform method for removing lag from pressure measurements has been used by various researchers, given an experimentally derived transfer function to characterize the pressure plumbing. This paper presents a Method of Characteristics (MOC) solution technique for predicting the transfer function and thus easily determining its sensitivity to various plumbing parameters. The MOC solution has been used in the pipeline industry for some time for application to transient flow in pipelines, but it also lends itself well to this application. For highly nonsteady pressures frequency-dependent friction can cause significant distortion of the traveling waves. This is accounted for in the formulation. A simple bench experiment and proof-of-principle test provide evidence to establish the range of validity of the method. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McBride, DD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5716-7 PY 1999 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.1109/ICIASF.1999.827178 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ47C UT WOS:000088436500038 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV Kimura, WD Quimby, DC Andreev, NE Kuznetsov, SV AF Pogorelsky, IV Kimura, WD Quimby, DC Andreev, NE Kuznetsov, SV BE Fedorov, MV Gordienkov, VM Shuvalov, VV Taranukhin, VD TI Experimental approach to laser-driven monochromatic electron accelerators SO ICONO '98: ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA AND INTERACTION OF SUPERSTRONG LASER FIELDS WITH MATTER: NONLINEAR OPTICS AND HIGH-FIELD PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Coherent and Nonlinear Optics (ICONO 98) CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 1998 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP Minist Sci & Technol Russian Federat, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Minist Educ Russian Federat, Basic Opt & Spect Educ & Res Ctr, Opt Soc Amer, SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, EPS-European Phys Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, SPIE Russia Chapter, US Army European Res Off DE electron beams; CO2 lasers; picosecond pulses; particle acceleration ID PLASMA; PULSES; INJECTION; WAVES AB Practical meaningful mono-energetic laser accelerator requires the electron bunch to be within a small proportion of the period of the accelerating field. By two laser accelerator schemes, we exemplify how the emerging picosecond terawatt (ps-TW) CO2 laser technology helps to satisfy this requirement. These include: a staged electron laser accelerator (STELLA) experiment, which is being conducted at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (ATF), and a prospective laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA), where ps-TW CO2 lasers may offer noticeable advantages over more conventional T-3 solid-state lasers. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, 725C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3209-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3735 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1117/12.341463 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BM94X UT WOS:000080216600021 ER PT B AU Xavier, PG AF Xavier, PG GP IEEE IEEE TI Shortest path planning for a tethered robot or an anchored cable SO ICRA '99: IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA '99) CY MAY 10-15, 1999 CL DETROIT, MI SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB We consider the problem of planning shortest paths for a tethered robot with a finite length tether in a 2D environment with polygonal obstacles. We present an algorithm that runs in time O((k(l) + 1)(2)n(4)) and finds the shortest path or correctly determines that none exists that obeys the constraints; here n is the number obstacle vertices, and k(l) is the number loops in the initial configuration of the tether. The robot may cross its tether but nothing can cross obstacles, which cause the tether to bend. The algorithm applies as well for planning a shortest path for the free end of an anchored cable. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5180-0; 0-7803-5181-9 PY 1999 BP 1011 EP 1017 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BN32H UT WOS:000081625700160 ER PT J AU Schwander, P Rau, WD Kisielowski, C Gribelyuk, M Ourmazd, A AF Schwander, P Rau, WD Kisielowski, C Gribelyuk, M Ourmazd, A TI Defect processes in semiconductors studied at the atomic level by transmission electron microscopy SO IDENTIFICATION OF DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS SE SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMIMETALS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE IMAGES; POINT-DEFECTS; FOCUS-VARIATION; WAVE-FUNCTION; RESOLUTION; INTERFACES; RECONSTRUCTION; MICROGRAPHS; RETRIEVAL; HREM C1 Inst Semicond Phys, D-15230 Frankfurt, Oder, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Texas Instruments Inc, Corp Res Labs, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. Tech Univ Brandenburg Cottbus, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany. RP Schwander, P (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, Walter Korsing Str 2, D-15230 Frankfurt, Oder, Germany. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET PY 1999 VL 51 BP 225 EP 259 PN B PG 35 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BM64B UT WOS:000079322800004 ER PT J AU Jager, ND Weber, ER AF Jager, ND Weber, ER TI Scanning tunneling microscopy of defects in semiconductors SO IDENTIFICATION OF DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS SE SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMIMETALS LA English DT Article ID SI-DOPED GAAS; ARSENIC ANTISITE DEFECTS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAAS(110) SURFACES; POINT-DEFECTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SI(111)2X1 SURFACE; GAP(110) SURFACES; INP(110) SURFACES; VACANCY MIGRATION C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jager, ND (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET PY 1999 VL 51 BP 261 EP 296 PN B PG 36 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BM64B UT WOS:000079322800005 ER PT J AU Kaarsberg, TM Roop, JM AF Kaarsberg, TM Roop, JM TI Combined heat and power: How much carbon and energy can manufacturers save? SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB In this paper we analyze the potential for CHP in US manufacturing. We use typical efficiencies of today's available CHP technologies to estimate the technical potential for the frozen technology case. We find that if manufacturers in 1994 had self-generated all their steam and electric needs with existing cost-effective CHP technologies, they could have reduced carbon equivalent (=12/44 carbon dioxide) emissions by up to 30 million metric tons of carbon (MtC) or nearly 20 percent, and energy use by nearly an Exajoule (EJ). With growth in manufacturing and expected improvements in CHP technologies, this technical potential could be much larger. However, without environmental regulatory reform and innovation-oriented utility restructuring policies, actual CHP installed by US manufacturers could fall far short. C1 NE Midwest Inst, Washington, DC 20003 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kaarsberg, TM (reprint author), NE Midwest Inst, 218 D St SE, Washington, DC 20003 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1109/62.738348 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 155PL UT WOS:000077955500001 ER PT J AU Bollinger, T Beckman, P AF Bollinger, T Beckman, P TI Linux on the move SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bollinger, T (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 30 EP + DI 10.1109/MS.1999.744564 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 160BY UT WOS:000078211500018 ER PT J AU Benner, JP AF Benner, JP TI Viewpoint: Photovoltaics in transit to significant role SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Elect Mat & Devices Div, Golden, CO USA. RP Benner, JP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Elect Mat & Devices Div, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 36 IS 1 BP 66 EP 67 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 155AJ UT WOS:000077923100026 ER PT J AU Kolev, PV Deen, MJ Kierstead, J Citterio, M AF Kolev, PV Deen, MJ Kierstead, J Citterio, M TI Constant-resistance deep-level transient spectroscopy in Si and Ge JFET's SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article ID SILICON DETECTORS; CONDUCTANCE DLTS; BULK TRAPS; CAPACITANCE; DEFECT; SEMICONDUCTORS; INTERFACE; DEVICES; CENTERS; STATES AB The recently introduced constant-resistance deep-level transient spectroscopy (CR-DLTS) was successfully applied to study virgin and radiation-damaged junction field-effect transistors (JFET's). We have studied three groups of devices: commercially available discrete silicon JFET's; virgin and exposed to high-level neutron radiation silicon JFET's, custom-made by using a monolithic technology; and commercially available discrete germanium p-channel JPET's. CR-DLTS is similar to both the conductance DLTS and to the constant-capacitance variation (CC-DLTS). Unlike the conductance and current DLTS, it is independent of the transistor size and does not require simultaneous measurement of the transconductance or the free-carrier mobility for calculation of the trap concentration. Compared to the CC-DLTS, it measures only the traps inside the gate-controlled part of the space charge region. Comparisons have also been made with the CC-DLTS and standard capacitance DLTS. In addition, possibilities for defect profiling in the channel have been demonstrated. CR-DLTS was found to be a simple, very sensitive, and device area-independent technique which is well suited for measurement of a wide range of deep level concentrations in transistors. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Engn Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kolev, PV (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Engn Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RI Deen, M./A-7567-2008 OI Deen, M./0000-0002-6390-0933 NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JAN PY 1999 VL 46 IS 1 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1109/16.737460 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 152GU UT WOS:000077769000027 ER PT J AU Tolbert, LM Peng, FZ Habetler, TG AF Tolbert, LM Peng, FZ Habetler, TG TI Multilevel converters for large electric drives SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition CY FEB 15-19, 1998 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE DE cascade inverter; common-mode voltage; diode-clamped inverter; electric vehicle; motor drive; multilevel converter; multilevel inverter ID INVERTERS; COMPENSATION; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB This paper presents transformerless multilevel converters as an application for high-power and/or high-voltage electric motor drives. Multilevel converters: 1) can generate near-sinusoidal voltages with only fundamental frequency switching; 2) have almost no electromagnetic interference or common-mode voltage; and 3) are suitable for large voltampere-rated motor drives and high voltages, The cascade inverter is a natural fit for large automotive ail-electric drives because it uses several levels of de voltage sources, which would be available from batteries or fuel cells. The back-to-back diode-clamped converter is ideal where a source of ac voltage is available, such as in a hybrid electric vehicle. Simulation and experimental results show the superiority of these two converters over two-level pulsewidth-modulation-based drives. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Tolbert, LM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 22 TC 562 Z9 599 U1 2 U2 30 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1109/28.740843 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 161LU UT WOS:000078291100005 ER PT J AU Sablik, MJ Jiles, DC AF Sablik, MJ Jiles, DC TI Modeling the effects of torsional stress on hysteretic magnetization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE magnetic hysteresis; magnetomechanical modeling; torque sensor; torsional stress ID POLARIZED RING; TORQUE; PERFORMANCE AB Opposite torques applied axially to a polycrystalline ferromagnetic rod result in tensile and compressive stresses acting perpendicularly at the rod surface at 45 degrees to the rod asis, These stresses affect the magnetization of the rod when a magnetic field is applied parallel to the rod asis. it is shown hom one can formulate the magnetomechanical hysteresis model so as to treat this special case of biaxial stress and take into account the effect of opposite torques on the magnetic properties of the rod. Variation of hysteresis parameters such as coercive field, remanent Bus density, differential permeability at the coercive held, and hysteresis loss as a function of applied torque are determined from the model. In the model, the torque is applied first and then the field is cycled to give hysteresis loops. It is found that the torque dependence of the magnetic properties is different, depending on what is chosen for H-max, the maximum value of the applied magnetic field H. The best parameter to use for tracking the torque is found to be H-c at saturation or near saturation, since that parameter shows an almost linear decrease with the applied torque. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sablik, MJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 25 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1109/20.737472 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PC UT WOS:000078009100004 ER PT J AU Ghafurian, R Dietz, RN Rodenbaugh, T Dominguez, J Tai, N AF Ghafurian, R Dietz, RN Rodenbaugh, T Dominguez, J Tai, N TI Leak location in fluid filled cables using the PFT method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE pipe-type; self-contained; leak location; dielectric fluid leaks; fluid-filled cable AB A new method of pinpointing dielectric fluid leaks on pipe-type and self-contained cables using perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) is presented. The method has successfully been used on the Con Edison transmission system to locate leaks of dielectric fluid on both types of cables. Application of the PFT technique does not require feeder deenergization and provides major advantages over the conventional method of freeze and pressure testing. Description of the method and results of field application are presented in the paper. C1 Consolidated Edison Co New York Inc, New York, NY 10003 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ghafurian, R (reprint author), Consolidated Edison Co New York Inc, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 18 EP 22 DI 10.1109/61.736673 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 151BJ UT WOS:000077700800003 ER PT J AU Bartkowiak, M Comber, MG Mahan, GD AF Bartkowiak, M Comber, MG Mahan, GD TI Failure modes and energy absorption capability of ZnO varistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE metal-oxide surge arresters; varistors; energy absorption capability; failure modes; time to failure; electrical nonuniformity; thermal stability; current pulses ID OXIDE SURGE ARRESTERS; CURRENTS AB Thermal and mechanical behavior of ZnO varistors used in surge arresters is simulated for current pulses of various magnitude and duration. Time dependence of the temperature profile and of the distribution of thermal stresses is computed by solving heat transfer equations for varistor disks with nonuniform electrical properties. The simulations identify failure processes and determine energy absorption capability of varistor elements. The results are in excellent agreement with experiment and provide fundamental explanation of the energy handling dependence upon current surge intensity and duration. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hubbell Power Syst, Centralia, MO 65240 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bartkowiak, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 NR 16 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 152 EP 162 DI 10.1109/61.736708 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 151BJ UT WOS:000077700800022 ER PT B AU Dees, DW AF Dees, DW GP IEEE IEEE TI Overview of electrochemical power sources for electric and hybrid-electric vehicles SO IEMDC'99 - IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRIC MACHINES AND DRIVES CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC 99) CY MAY 09-12, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, IEEE, Power Engn Soc, IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dees, DW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5293-9 PY 1999 BP 258 EP 259 DI 10.1109/IEMDC.1999.769085 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN28R UT WOS:000081429300075 ER PT S AU Stach, EA Hull, R Tromp, RM Ross, FM Reuter, MC Bean, JC AF Stach, EA Hull, R Tromp, RM Ross, FM Reuter, MC Bean, JC BE Ringel, SA Fitzgerald, EA Adesida, I Houghton, DC TI Quantitative experimental determination of the effect of dislocation - Dislocation interactions on strain relaxation in lattice mismatched heterostructures SO III-V AND IV-IV MATERIALS AND PROCESSING CHALLENGES FOR HIGHLY INTEGRATED MICROELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium D on Integration of Dissimilar Materials in Micro- and Optoelectronics / Symposium I on III-V and SiGe Group IV Device/IC Processing Challenges for Commercial Applications, at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MISFIT DISLOCATIONS; EPITAXIAL LAYER; GEXSI1-X/SI(100) HETEROSTRUCTURES; MULTILAYERS; VELOCITIES; SURFACE; DEFECTS; GLIDE; FILMS AB We present real time observations of the interaction of dislocations in heteroepitaxial strained layers using a specially modified ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscope equipped with in-situ deposition capabilities. These observations have led to delineation of the regime of epilayer thickness and composition where dislocation interactions result in blocking of the propagating threading segment. It is found that both the blocking probability as well as the magnitude of the dislocation interaction force are strongly dependent on the Burgers vectors of the dislocations involved, with the greatest effects observed when the Burgers vectors of the two dislocations are parallel with respect to each other. Frame-by-frame analysis of the motion of the dislocation threading segment during interaction is used to extract the magnitude of the interaction stresses as a function of both the level of heteroepitaxial strain and the dislocation geometry. Finally, by continuing growth following observations of blocking during annealing, we find that blocked dislocations are likely to remain in that configuration until substantial additional heteroepitaxial stresses are incorporated into the layer. These results have direct relevance to the successful integration of strained layer heterostructures into electronic device applications. This is because blocked threading segments result in the introduction of undesired band gap states, enhance impurity diffusion, modify surface morphology and act to limit the dislocation density reductions achievable in graded buffet structures. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stach, EA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-441-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 535 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN69A UT WOS:000082590400003 ER PT S AU Fleming, JG Han, J AF Fleming, JG Han, J BE Ringel, SA Fitzgerald, EA Adesida, I Houghton, DC TI Growth of GaN on thin Si {111} layers bonded to Si {100} substrates SO III-V AND IV-IV MATERIALS AND PROCESSING CHALLENGES FOR HIGHLY INTEGRATED MICROELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium D on Integration of Dissimilar Materials in Micro- and Optoelectronics / Symposium I on III-V and SiGe Group IV Device/IC Processing Challenges for Commercial Applications, at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SILICON AB We have demonstrated the ability to bond thin layers of Si{111} onto either silicon dioxide or silicon nitride coated Si{100}. This was achieved using a "Smart-Cut" process. The integration of SiN required chemical mechanical polishing. The growth of GaN on a thin Si{111} on oxide on Si{100} stack was demonstrated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-441-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 535 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN69A UT WOS:000082590400016 ER PT S AU Ashby, CIH AF Ashby, CIH BE Ringel, SA Fitzgerald, EA Adesida, I Houghton, DC TI Dynamics of wet oxidation of high-Al-content III-V materials SO III-V AND IV-IV MATERIALS AND PROCESSING CHALLENGES FOR HIGHLY INTEGRATED MICROELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium D on Integration of Dissimilar Materials in Micro- and Optoelectronics / Symposium I on III-V and SiGe Group IV Device/IC Processing Challenges for Commercial Applications, at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; LATERAL OXIDATION; WATER-VAPOR; ALGAAS; OXIDE; GAAS; ALXGA1-XAS; LAYERS AB Oxidation of layers of high-Al-content III-V materials by water vapor has become the enabling process for high-efficiency vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and has potential applications for reducing substrate current leakage in GaAs-on-insulator (GOI) MESFETs. Because of the established importance of wet oxidation in optoelectronic devices and its potential applications in electronic devices, it has become increasingly important to understand the mechanism of wet oxidation and how it might be expected to affect both the fabrication and subsequent operation of devices that have been made using this technique. The mechanism of wet oxidation and the consequence of this mechanism for heterostructure design and ultimate device operation are discussed here. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ashby, CIH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-441-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 535 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN69A UT WOS:000082590400028 ER PT S AU Windl, W Sankey, OF AF Windl, W Sankey, OF BE Ringel, SA Fitzgerald, EA Adesida, I Houghton, DC TI First-principles investigation of the ordered Si4C compound SO III-V AND IV-IV MATERIALS AND PROCESSING CHALLENGES FOR HIGHLY INTEGRATED MICROELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium D on Integration of Dissimilar Materials in Micro- and Optoelectronics / Symposium I on III-V and SiGe Group IV Device/IC Processing Challenges for Commercial Applications, at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CARBON ALLOYS; SI1-X-YGEXCY; GROWTH; STRAIN; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITION; GERMANIUM AB We have performed intensive theoretical studies on the ordered Si4C phase which has been proposed first by Rucker et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3578 (1994)] and which recently has been reportedly synthesized by Kouvetakis et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 930 (1998)]. We calculate structural parameters which are significantly different from experimental values, and an IR spectrum with a peak position very similar to their experiment but a much narrower width. We suggest that the experimental findings might be consistent with the assumption of a system of Si4C sections/crystallites and other Si-C structures embedded in a Si matrix. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Mat Grp, Motorola Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Windl, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Mat Grp, Motorola Inc, MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Windl, Wolfgang/C-7255-2012 OI Windl, Wolfgang/0000-0001-5892-0684 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-441-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 535 BP 299 EP 304 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN69A UT WOS:000082590400045 ER PT B AU Barat, K AF Barat, K BE Dennis, J TI Laser safety audits, the question of frequency and type SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer DE audits; laser safety; hazard evaluation AB A duty clearly called out in the ANSI Z136. 1 "Safe Use of Laser" standard is for the Laser Safety Officer[LSO] is to audit laser use areas to establish controls and for compliance with regulatory the ANSI standard and perform hazard evaluations. Unfortunate the standard gives little guidance on the frequency of these audits. This article attempts to give some guidance on the elements of an audit and how to determine the frequency. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Radiat Protect Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barat, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Radiat Protect Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 369 EP 374 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700045 ER PT B AU Barat, KL AF Barat, KL BE Dennis, J TI Laser safety: When and how to do retraining SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB The ANSI standard Z 136.1 "For Safe Use of Lasers" addresses training to the Laser Safety Officer[LSO], laser users, service staff and those working around lasers. This training requirement is re-enforced by all related regulatory agencies[OSHA, State programs]. The concept of retraining or refresher training is not broached in the standard. Refresher training is well established in the ionizing radiation arena. The purpose of re-training is to refresh the individual with laser safety principles and update them on new advances or procedures. This presentation address several approaches to provide re-training, i.e. computer based training, video tapes, testing out, lecture mode and literature handouts, and presents a suggested schedule for that re-training for each population group. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Radiat Protect Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barat, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Radiat Protect Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 420 EP 424 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700052 ER PT J AU Giraud, L Tuminaro, RS AF Giraud, L Tuminaro, RS TI Schur complement preconditioners for anisotropic problems SO IMA JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ITERATIVE METHODS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION; SUBSTRUCTURES AB We present two new variants of Schur complement domain decomposition preconditioners suitable for 2D anisotropic problems. These variants are based on adaptations of the probing idea, described by Chan et al (1992 Fifth Int. Symp. on Domain Decomposition Methods for Partial Differential Equations, Philadelphia: SIAM, pp 236-249), used in conjunction with a coarse grid approximation as introduced by Bramble et al (1986 Math. Comput. 47, 103-134). The new methods are specifically designed for situations where the coupling between neighbouring interfaces is stronger than the coupling within an interface. Taking into account this strong coupling, one variant uses a multicolour probing technique to avoid distortion in the probe approximations that appear when using the method proposed by Chan et al. The second technique uses additional probe matrices to approximate not only the coupling within the interfaces but also the coupling between interface points across the subdomains. This latter procedure looks somewhat like an alternating line relaxation procedure and was motivated by the success of line relaxation within the multigrid method for anisotropic problems, see Brandt (1977 Math. Comput. 31, 333-390). To assess the relevance of the new preconditioners, we compare their numerical behaviour with well known robust preconditioners such as the balanced Neumann-Neumann method proposed by Mandel (1993 Commun. Numer Methods Eng. 9, 233-241). C1 CERFACS, Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, F-31057 Toulouse, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP CERFACS, Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, 42 Ave G Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0272-4979 EI 1464-3642 J9 IMA J NUMER ANAL JI IMA J. Numer. Anal. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1093/imanum/19.1.1 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 164ER UT WOS:000078450200001 ER PT S AU Barney, P Carne, T AF Barney, P Carne, T GP SPIE SPIE TI Modal parameter extraction using natural excitation response data SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB The use of natural excitation response data for the extraction of modal parameters has been an alluring idea for many years. The primary reason is that it offers the real world inputs (both spatial and temporal) and the associated responses of the system without the cost of a complex excitation system. The use of NExT allows for a linear representation of the system at operating levels, which is ideal for predictive linear simulation. The NExT parameter estimation methods have relied on using standard modal parameter extraction routines that do not exploit the special model form of NExT data. A parameter estimation method is developed here that is consistent with the form, thereby providing a more robust estimator in the presence of noise. This paper presents the basic methods used in NExT as well as some of the critical issues when using NExT. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Barney, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700008 ER PT S AU Farrar, CR Nix, DA Duffey, TA Cornwell, PJ Pardoen, GC AF Farrar, CR Nix, DA Duffey, TA Cornwell, PJ Pardoen, GC GP SPIE SPIE TI Damage identification with linear discriminant operators SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB This paper explores the application of statistical pattern recognition and machine learning techniques to vibration-based damage detection. First, the damage detection process is described in terms of a problem in statistical pattern recognition. Next, a specific example of a statistical-pattern-recognition-based damage detection process using a linear discriminant operator, "Fisher's Discriminant: is applied to the problem of identifying structural damage in a physical system. Accelerometer lime histories are recorded from sensors attached to the system as that system is excited using a measured input. Linear Prediction Coding (LPC) coefficients are utilized to convert the accelerometer time-series data into multi-dimensional samples representing the resonances of the system during a brief segment of the time series. Fisher's discriminant is then used to find the linear projection of the LPC data distributions that best separates data from undamaged and damaged systems. The method is applied to data from concrete bridge columns as the columns are progressively damaged. For this case, the method captures a clear distinction between undamaged and damaged vibration profiles. Further, the method assigns a probability of damage that can be used to rank systems in order of priority for inspection. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 599 EP 607 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700093 ER PT S AU Farrar, CR Duffey, TA Cornwell, PJ Bement, MT AF Farrar, CR Duffey, TA Cornwell, PJ Bement, MT GP SPIE SPIE TI A review of methods for developing accelerated testing criteria SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Accelerated vibration testing seeks to compress long service exposures to vibration into a reduced length laboratory test by increasing the amplitude and/or frequency of the applied inputs during the laboratory test relative to the amplitude and/or frequency experienced during service. This testing procedure provides an important tool that can reduce testing time associated with a new design and reduce time to market. This paper will summarize current methods that are employed to develop accelerated testing criteria and will highlight the attributes and limitations of these methods. Typically there are two ways of accelerating vibration testing. The first method involves testing at fewer cycles but at higher amplitude levels; and the second method involves testing at higher frequencies (rates). A combination of the two is also an option. Development of an accelerated test based on either of these methods requires a priori knowledge of the controlling failure mechanisms. The review will begin with a discussion of Miner's Rule for developing accelerated testing criteria. This rule, which is based on a linear damage accumulation assumption, was first proposed in the 1940's for fatigue failures of ductile metals loaded repetitively in bending. Confounding factors associated with developing accelerated testing criteria for nonlinear vibration response (e.g., rattling of components) will be illustrated with an example. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 608 EP 614 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700094 ER PT S AU Mayes, RL Klenke, SE AF Mayes, RL Klenke, SE GP SPIE SPIE TI The SMAC modal parameter extraction package SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB The objective of many modal testing programs is to identify modal parameters of complex systems for model validation purposes. Often this objective is difficult to achieve in an efficient manner due to the complexity of the system being tested. Traditional modal extraction techniques perform well under certain conditions; however, when moderately damped modes and/or high modal density is characteristic of the system response, accurate identification of the modal parameters is challenging. A modal extraction package, call ed "Synthesize Modes and Correlate" or SMAC, has been developed to address these concerns. This extraction technique calculates reciprocal modal Vectors based on frequency response function (FRF) measurements. The FRFs are multiplied by a reciprocal modal vector to synthesize a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) FRF. The correlation coefficient compares the synthesized SDOF FRF against an analytical SDOF FRF. Frequency and damping values are optimized to obtain the maximum correlation coefficient, which corresponds to the true system root. A quadrature fit algorithm is then used to generate shapes based on the SMAC modal parameters. Examples are provided utilizing the SMAC package on experimental data from a moderately damped system and one with high-modal density. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mayes, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 812 EP 818 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700126 ER PT S AU Hunter, NF AF Hunter, NF GP SPIE SPIE TI Bilinear system characteristics from nonlinear time series analysis SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Detection of changes in the resonant frequencies and mode shapes of a system is a fundamental problem in dynamics. This paper describes a time series method of detecting and quantifying changes in these parameters for a ten degree-of-freedom bilinear system excited by narrow band random noise. The method partitions the state space and computes mode frequencies and mode shapes for each region. Different regions of the space may exhibit different mode shapes, allowing diagnosis of stiffness changes at structural discontinuities. The method is useful for detecting changes in the properties of joints in mechanical systems or for detection of damage as the properties of a structure change during use. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hunter, NF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Mail Stop C-931, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 1488 EP 1494 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700227 ER PT S AU Paez, T Hunter, N Red-Horse, J AF Paez, T Hunter, N Red-Horse, J GP SPIE SPIE TI Statistical tests of system linearity based on method of surrogate data SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc ID TIME-SERIES AB When dealing with measured data from dynamic systems we often make the tacit assumption that the data are generated by linear dynamics. While some systematic tests for linearity and determinism are available (for example the coherence function, the probability density function, and the bispectrum), further tests which quantify the existence and the degree of nonlinearity are clearly needed. In this paper we demonstrate a statistical test for the nonlinearity exhibited by a dynamic system excited by Gaussian random noise. We perform the usual division of the input and response time series data into blocks as required by the Welch method of spectrum estimation and search for significant relationships between a given input frequency and response at harmonics of the selected input frequency. We argue that systematic tests based on the recently developed statistical method of surrogate data readily detect significant nonlinear relationships. The paper elucidates the method of surrogate data. Typical results are illustrated for a linear single degree of freedom system and for a system with polynomial stiffness nonlinearity. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Paez, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, 9199 Mail Stop 0557, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 1495 EP 1500 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700228 ER PT S AU Hemez, FM Doebling, SW AF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW GP SPIE SPIE TI Test-analysis correlation and finite element model updating for nonlinear, transient dynamics SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB This research aims at formulating criteria for measuring the correlation between test data and finite element results for nonlinear, transient dynamics. After reviewing the linear case and illustrating the limitations of modal-based updating when it is applied to nonlinear experimental data, simple time-domain, test-analysis correlation metrics are proposed. Two implementations are compared: the conventional least-squares technique and the Principal Component Decomposition that correlates subspaces rather than individual time-domain responses. Illustrations and discussions are provided using the LANL 8-DOF system, an experimental testbed for validating nonlinear data correlation and model updating techniques. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, Engn Anal Grp, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 1501 EP 1510 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700229 ER PT S AU Hemez, FM Doebling, SW AF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW GP SPIE SPIE TI A validation of Bayesian finite element model updating for linear dynamics SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc ID METHODOLOGY AB This work addresses the issue of statistical model updating and correlation. The updating procedure is formulated to improve the predictive quality of a structural model by minimizing out-of-balance modal forces. it is shown how measurement and modeling uncertainties can be taken into account to provide not only the correlated model but also the associated confidence levels. Hence, a Bayesian parameter estimation technique is derived and its numerical implementation is discussed. Two demonstration examples that involve test-analysis correlation with real test data are presented. First, the validation of an engine cradle model used in the automotive industry shows how the design's uncertainties can be reduced via model updating. Our second example consists of employing test-analysis correlation for identifying the degree of nonlinearity of the LANL 8-DOF testbed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, Engn Anal Grp, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 1545 EP 1555 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700235 ER PT S AU Bir, G Stol, K AF Bir, G Stol, K GP SPIE SPIE TI Operating modes of a teetered-rotor wind turbine SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB We examine the operating modes of a two-bladed teetered wind turbine the dynamics of which, because of the gyroscopic asymmetry of its rotor, can be quite distinct from the dynamics of a turbine with three or more blades. This asymmetry leads to system equations with periodic coefficients that are served using the Floquet approach to extract the correct modal parameters. The system equations are derived using a simple analytical model with four degrees of freedom: nacelle yaw, rotor teeter, and flapping associated with each blade. Results confirm that the turbine modes become more dominated by the centrifugal and gyroscopic effects as the rotor speed increases. The gyroscopic effect may also cause dynamically instability. Under certain design conditions, yaw and teeter modal frequencies may coalesce. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bir, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Stol, Karl/0000-0002-1661-167X NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 1586 EP 1596 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700240 ER PT S AU Simmermacher, T Mayes, R AF Simmermacher, T Mayes, R GP SPIE SPIE TI Laboratory simulation of response to a distributed pressure load SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Responses to a distributed pressure load are typically predicted through the use of a finite-element model. This procedure depends on the model to represent the actual structure accurately. Another technique that is developed in this work is to predict the response based upon an experimentally derived model. This model consists of frequency response functions. The pressure distribution is assumed to be known. In this work, the pressure load will be a blast load. The focus of this work will be to simulate a harsh, shock-like environment. Data from a reverse Hopkinson bar (RHB) test is used to generate the response to a symmetric, distributed load. The reverse Hopkinson bar generates a high amplitude, high frequency content pulse that excites components at near-blast levers. The frequency response functions generated from the RHB are used to generate an experimental model of the structure, which is then used in conjunction with the known pressure distribution, to estimate the component response to a blast. This result can then be used with a model correlation technique to adjust a finite element model such that data from a true blast test can be used to only fine tune the model. This work details the estimation of the response due to the blast. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Simmermacher, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 1800, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 1640 EP 1645 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700247 ER PT S AU Fleld, RV Paez, TL Red-Horse, JR AF Fleld, RV Paez, TL Red-Horse, JR GP SPIE SPIE TI Utilizing Gauss-Hermite quadrature to evaluate uncertainty in dynamic system SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Probabilistic uncertainty is a phenomenon that occurs to a certain degree in many engineering applications. The effects that this uncertainty has upon a given system response is a matter of some concern. Techniques which provide insight to these effects will be required as modeling and prediction become a more vital tool in the engineering design process. As might be expected, this is a difficult proposition and the focus of many research efforts. The purpose of this paper is to outline a procedure to evaluate uncertainty in dynamic system response exploiting Gauss-Hermite numerical quadrature. Specifically, numerical integration techniques are utilized in conjunction with the Advanced Mean Value (AMV) method to efficiently and accurately estimate moments of the response process. A numerical example illustrating the use of this analytical tool in a practical framework is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Control Dept 9234, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleld, RV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Control Dept 9234, MS 0439, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Field, Richard/K-6468-2013 OI Field, Richard/0000-0002-2765-7032 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 1856 EP 1861 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700280 ER PT S AU Jorgensen, BR Woehrle, T Eli, M Chow, CT AF Jorgensen, BR Woehrle, T Eli, M Chow, CT GP SPIE SPIE TI Modal response of interior mass based upon external measurements SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Modal response testing has been used to predict the motion of interior masses of a system in which only external instrumentation is allowed. Testing of this form may occasionally be necessary in validation of a computer model, but also has potential as a tool for validating individual assemblies in a QA process. Examination of the external frequency response and mode shapes can offer insight into interior response. The interpretation of these results is improved through parallel analytical solutions. A simple, three-mass model has been examined experimentally and analytically to demonstrate modal theory. These results show the limitations of the external measurement in predicting internal response due to transmissibility. A procedure for utilizing external testing is described. The question posed through this research is whether or not modal correlation analysis can be adapted for use in systems for which instrumentation of critical components is missing. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jorgensen, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 2038 EP 2041 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700306 ER PT S AU Red-Horse, JR Ghanem, R AF Red-Horse, JR Ghanem, R GP SPIE SPIE TI Uncertainty propagation using a Stochastic Finite Element approach SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB The present study focuses on the development of a general framework for propagating the effects of parametric uncertainty; modeled as random fields: from input to output for complex engineering systems via Stochastic Finite Element techniques. These techniques are similar in concept to deterministic finite element approaches in that they approximate both input and output quantities in terms of finite dimensional series expansions and exploit orthogonality relationships to arrive at equations for associated system unknowns. In the stochastic case, the input quantities are random fields with probabilistic or statistical descriptions that are assumed to be obtainable. The inner products are mathematical expectations. A major advantage of the approach is its ability to be implemented as an external loop around deterministic analytical codes. Thus, the approach is a reasonable extension to current traditional deterministic simulations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Red-Horse, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0439, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 2072 EP 2077 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700312 ER PT S AU Ludowise, PD Ottesen, DK Kulp, TJ Goers, UB AF Ludowise, PD Ottesen, DK Kulp, TJ Goers, UB BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI A PPLN laser-based system for chemical imaging SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE chemical imaging; cleaning verification; reflectance spectroscopy; cw OPO; PPLN ID BACKSCATTER AB An infrared-imaging instrument is being developed to provide in situ qualitative and quantitative assessment of hydrocarbon contaminants on metallic surfaces for cleaning verification. A continuous-wave infrared optical parametric oscillator (OPO), based on the quasi-phasematched material periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), is interfaced with an InSb focal plane array camera to perform fast, non-invasive analysis by reflectance spectroscopy. The period range of the designed fan-out PPLN crystal determines the range of the output wavelength of the light source. It is able to scan hundreds of wavenumbers positioned in the range of 2820 - 3250 cm(-1), which is sufficient to detect functional groups of common organic compounds (-CH, -OH, and -NH). The capability of the instrument has been demonstrated in a preliminary investigation of reflectance measurements for hydrocarbon solvents (methanol and d-limonene) on an aluminum surface. A substantial difference in absorption is obtained for the two solvents at two different laser-illumination wavelengths, thus permitting hydrocarbon detection and molecular species differentiation. Preliminary reflectance spectra of a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbon lubricants and drawing agents on an aluminum panel are also presented. The relative thickness of the hydrocarbon thin film is determined by the intensity ratio of images acquired at two different laser illumination frequencies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ludowise, PD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.366314 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200006 ER PT S AU Weber, PG Brock, BC Garrett, AJ Smith, BW Borel, CC Clodius, WB Bender, SC Kay, RR Decker, ML AF Weber, PG Brock, BC Garrett, AJ Smith, BW Borel, CC Clodius, WB Bender, SC Kay, RR Decker, ML BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Multispectral thermal imager mission overview. SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE modeling; analysis; system design; multispectral imaging; calibration; satellite; space-borne imaging spectroscopy AB The Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) is a research and development project sponsored by the Department of Energy and executed by Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories and the Savannah River Technology Center. Other participants include the U. S. Air Force, universities, and many industrial partners. The MTI mission is to demonstrate the efficacy of highly accurate multispectral imaging for passive characterization of industrial facilities and related environmental impacts from space. MTI provides simultaneous data for atmospheric characterization at high spatial resolution. Additionally, MTI has applications to environmental monitoring and other civilian applications. The mission is based in end-to-end modeling of targets, signatures, atmospheric effects,the space sensor, and analysis techniques to form a balanced, self-consistent mission. The MTI satellite nears completion, and is scheduled for launch in late 1999. This. paper describes the MTI mission, development of desired system attributes, some trade studies, schedule, and overall plans for data acquisition and analysis. This effort drives the sophisticated payload and advanced calibration systems, which are the overall subject of the first session at this conference, as well as the data processing and some of the analysis tools that will be described in the second segment. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Weber, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sci Grp, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1117/12.366296 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200035 ER PT S AU Kay, RR Bender, SC Henson, TD Byrd, DA Rienstra, JL Decker, ML Rackley, NG Akau, RL Claassen, PJ Kidner, RE Taplin, RB Bullington, DM Marbach, KD Lanes, CE Little, C Smith, BW Brock, BC Weber, PG AF Kay, RR Bender, SC Henson, TD Byrd, DA Rienstra, JL Decker, ML Rackley, NG Akau, RL Claassen, PJ Kidner, RE Taplin, RB Bullington, DM Marbach, KD Lanes, CE Little, C Smith, BW Brock, BC Weber, PG BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Multispectral thermal imager (MTI) payload overview SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE multispectral; infrared; visible; imager; radiometry; calibration; image compression; satellite AB MTI is a comprehensive research and development project that includes up-front modeling and analysis, satellite system design, fabrication, assembly and testing, on-orbit operations, and experimentation and data analysis. The satellite is designed to collect radiometrically calibrated, medium resolution imagery in 15 spectral bands ranging from 0.45 to 10.70 mu m. The payload portion of the satellite includes the imaging system components, associated electronics bares, and payload support structure. The imaging system includes a three-mirror anastigmatic off-axis telescope, a single cryogenically cooled focal plane assembly, a mechanical cooler, and an onboard calibration system. Payload electronic subsystems include image digitizers, real-time image compressors, a solid I;tate recorder, calibration source drivers, and cooler temperature and vibration controllers. The payload support structure mechanically integrates all payload components and provides a simple four point interface to the spacecraft bus. All payload components have been, fabricated and rested, and integrated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kay, RR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1117/12.366297 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200036 ER PT S AU Henson, T Krumel, L Blake, D Bender, S Byrd, D Christensen, W Rappoport, W Shen, GY AF Henson, T Krumel, L Blake, D Bender, S Byrd, D Christensen, W Rappoport, W Shen, GY BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Multispectral Thermal Imager Optical Assembly performance and integration of the flight Focal Plane Assembly SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE multispectral imaging; remote sensing; space optics ID MULTIBAND IMAGING-SYSTEM AB The Multispectral Thermal Imager Optical Assembly (OA) has been fabricated, assembled, successfully performance tested, and integrated into the flight payload structure with the flight Focal Plane Assembly (FPA) integrated and aligned to it. This represents a major milestone achieved towards completion of this earth observing E-O imaging sensor that is to be operated in low earth orbit. The OA consists of an off-axis three mirror anastigmatic (TMA) telescope with a 36 cm unobscured clear aperture, a wide-field-of-view (WFOV) of 1.82 degrees along the direction of spacecraft motion and 1.38 degrees across the direction of spacecraft motion. It also contains a comprehensive on-board radiometric calibration system. The OA is part of a multispectral pushbroom imaging sensor which employs a single mechanically cooled focal plane with 15 spectral bands covering a wavelength range from 0.45 to 10.7 mu m. The OA achieves near diffraction-limited performance from visible to the long-wave infrared (LWIR) wavelengths. The two major design drivers for the OA are 80% enpixeled energy in the visible bands and radiometric stability. Enpixeled energy in the visible bands also drove the alignment of the FPA detectors to the OA image plane to a requirement of less than +/- 20 mu m over the entire visible detector field of view (FOV). Radiometric stability requirements mandated a cold Lyot stop for stray light rejection and thermal background reduction. The Lyot stop is part of the FPA assembly and acts as the aperture stop for the imaging system. The alignment of the Lyot stop to the OA drove the centering and to some extent the tilt alignment requirements of the FPA to the OA. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Henson, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1117/12.366298 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200037 ER PT S AU Rienstra, JL Ballard, M AF Rienstra, JL Ballard, M BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI MTI focal plane assembly design and performance SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE multispectral imaging; focal plane arrays; remote sensing AB The focal plane assembly for the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) consists of sensor chip assemblies, optical filters, and a vacuum enclosure. Sensor chip assemblies, composed of linear detector arrays and readout integrated circuits, provide spatial resolution in the cross-track direction for the pushbroom imager. Optical filters define 15 spectral bands in a range from 0.45 mu m to 10.7 mu m. All the detector arrays are mounted on a single focal plane and are designed to operate at 75 K. Three pairs of sensor chip assemblies (SCAs) are required to provide cross-Crack coverage in all 15 spectral bands. Each pair of SCAs includes detector arrays made from silicon, indium antimonide, and mercury cadmium telluride. Readout integrated circuits multiplex the signals from the detectors to 18 separate video channels. Optical filter assemblies defining the spectral bands are mounted over the linear detector arrays. Each filter assembly consists of several filter strips bonded together side-by-side. The MTI focal plane assembly has been integrated with the rest of the payload and has undergone detailed testing and calibration. This paper includes representative rest data for the various spectral bands and the overall performance of the focal plane assembly. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rienstra, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0972, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1117/12.366299 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200038 ER PT S AU Clodius, WB Bender, SC Kay, RR Smith, BW Atkins, WH Christensen, W Little, CK Zalewski, EF Rappoport, WM AF Clodius, WB Bender, SC Kay, RR Smith, BW Atkins, WH Christensen, W Little, CK Zalewski, EF Rappoport, WM BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI MTI on-orbit calibration SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE multispectral; satellite; image; calibration; thermal; infrared; visible ID MANUFACTURE; STANDARD AB The Multi-spectral Thermal Imager (MTI) will be a satellite-based imaging system that will provide images in fifteen spectral bands covering large portions of the spectrum from 0.45 through 10.7 microns. An important goal of the mission is to provide data with state-of-the-art radiometric calibration. The on-orbit calibration will rely on the pre-launch ground calibration and will be maintained by vicarious calibration campaigns, System drifts before and between the vicarious calibration campaigns will be monitored by several on-board sources that serve as transfer sources in the calibration of external images;These sources can be divided into two groups: a set of sources at an internal aperture, primarily intended to monitor short term drifts in the detectors and associated electronics; and two sources at the external aperture, intended to monitor longer term drifts in the optical train before the internal aperture. The steps needed to transfer calibrations to image products, additional radiometric data quality estimates performed as part of this transfer, and the data products associated with this transfer will all be examined. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clodius, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 380 EP 391 DI 10.1117/12.366300 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200039 ER PT S AU Szymanski, JJ Borel, CC Clodius, WB Davis, AB Heil, CE Krone, JB Ramsey, K Smith, BW Smith, K Theiler, J Villeneuve, PV Weber, PG AF Szymanski, JJ Borel, CC Clodius, WB Davis, AB Heil, CE Krone, JB Ramsey, K Smith, BW Smith, K Theiler, J Villeneuve, PV Weber, PG BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI MTI ground data processing and science retrieval pipeline architecture SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE data processing centers; multispectral analysis; remote sensing algorithms; thermal infrared AB The major science goal for the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) project is to measure surface properties such as vegetation health, temperatures, material composition and others for characterization of industrial facilities and environmental applications. To support this goal, this program has several coordinated components, including modeling, comprehensive ground-truth measurements, image acquisition planning, data processing and data interpretation. Algorithms have been developed to retrieve a multitude of physical quantities and these algorithms are integrated in a processing pipeline architecture that emphasizes automation, flexibility and robust operation. In addition, the MTI science team has produced detailed site, system and atmospheric medals to aid in system design and data analysis. This paper will provide an introduction to the data processing and science algorithms for the MTI project. Detailed discussions of the retrieval techniques will follow in papers from the balance. of this session. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Szymanski, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.1117/12.366301 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200040 ER PT S AU Borel, CC Clodius, WB Davis, AB Smith, BW Szymanski, JJ Theiler, J Villeneuve, PV Weber, PG AF Borel, CC Clodius, WB Davis, AB Smith, BW Szymanski, JJ Theiler, J Villeneuve, PV Weber, PG BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI MTI core science retrieval algorithms SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc AB The Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) has a number of core science retrievals which will be described. We will concentrate on describing the major Level-2 algorithms which, cover land, water and atmospheric products. The land products comprise atmospherically corrected surface reflectances, vegetation health status, material identification, land temperature and emissivities. The water related products are: water mask, water quality and water temperature. The atmospheric products are: cloud mask, cirrus mask and atmospheric water vapor. We will present several of these algorithms and present results from simulated MTI data derived from AVIRIS and MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS). An interactive analysis tool has been created to visually program and test certain Level-2 retrievals. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borel, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Mailstop C 323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 403 EP 415 DI 10.1117/12.366302 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200041 ER PT S AU Theiler, J Harvey, NR Brumby, SP Szymanski, JJ Alferink, S Perkins, S Porter, R Bloch, JJ AF Theiler, J Harvey, NR Brumby, SP Szymanski, JJ Alferink, S Perkins, S Porter, R Bloch, JJ BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Evolving retrieval algorithms with a genetic programming scheme SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE remote sensing; retrieval algorithms; image processing; genetic algorithms; genetic programming AB The retrieval of scene properties (surface temperature, material type, vegetation health, etc.) from remotely sensed data is the ultimate goal of many earth observing satellites. The algorithms that have been developed for these retrievals are informed by physical models of how the raw data were generated. This includes models of radiation as emitted and/or reflected by the scene, propagated through the atmosphere, collected by the optics, detected by the sensor, and digitized by the electronics. To some extent, the retrieval is the inverse of this "forward" modeling problem. But in contrast to this forward modeling, the practical task of making inferences about the original scene usually requires some ad hoc assumptions, good physical intuition, and a healthy dose of trial and error. The standard MTI data processing pipeline will employ algorithms developed with this traditional approach. But we will discuss some preliminary research on the use of a genetic programming scheme to "evolve" retrieval algorithms. Such a scheme cannot compete with the physical intuition of a remote sensing scientist, but it may be able to automate some of the trial and error. In this scenario, a training set is used, which consists of multispectral image, data and the associated "ground truth;" that is, a registered map of the desired retrieval quantity. The genetic programming scheme attempts to combine a core set of image processing primitives to produce an IDL (Interactive Data Language) program which estimates this retrieval quantity from the raw data. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 416 EP 425 DI 10.1117/12.366303 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200042 ER PT S AU Stallard, BR Taylor, JG AF Stallard, BR Taylor, JG BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Quantifying multivariate classification performance - the problem of overfitting SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE imaging spectrometry; multivariate classification; overfitting AB We have been studying the use of spectral imagery to locate targets in spectrally interfering backgrounds. In making performance estimates for various sensors it has become evident that some calculations are unreliable because of overfitting. Hence, we began a thorough study of the problem of overfitting in multivariate classification. In this paper we present some model based results describing the problem, From the model we know the ideal covariance matrix, the ideal discriminant vector, and the ideal classification performance, We then investigate how experimental conditions such as noise, number of bands, and number of samples cause discrepancies from the ideal results. We also suggest ways to discover and alleviate overfitting. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stallard, BR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 426 EP 436 DI 10.1117/12.366304 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200043 ER PT S AU Garrett, AJ Kurzeja, RJ O'Steen, BL Parker, MJ Pendergast, MM Villa-Aleman, E AF Garrett, AJ Kurzeja, RJ O'Steen, BL Parker, MJ Pendergast, MM Villa-Aleman, E BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Post-launch validation of Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) data and algorithms SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE validation; verification; ground truth; multispectral imaging AB Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) have developed a diverse: group of algorithms for processing and analyzing the data that will be collected by the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) after launch late in 1999. Each of these algorithms must be verified by comparison to independent surface and atmospheric measurements. SRTC has selected 13 sites in the continental U.S. far ground truth data collections, These sites include a high altitude cold water target (Crater Lake), cooling lakes and towers in the warm, humid southeastern US, Department of Energy (DOE) climate research sites, the NASA Stennis satellite Validation and Verification (V&V) target array, waste sites at the Savannah River Site, mining sites in the Four Corners area and dry lake beds in Nevada. SRTC has established mutually beneficial relationships with the organizations that manage these sites to make use of their operating and research data and to install additional instrumentation needed for MTI algorithm V&V. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Garrett, AJ (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 437 EP 448 DI 10.1117/12.366305 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200044 ER PT S AU Pennycook, SJ Nellist, PD AF Pennycook, SJ Nellist, PD BE Rickerby, DG Valdre, G Valdre, U TI Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy SO IMPACT OF ELECTRON AND SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY ON MATERIALS RESEARCH SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Impact of Electron and Scanning Probe Microscopy on Materials Research CY APR 14-25, 1998 CL ERICE, ITALY SP NATO Sci Affairs Div, European Commiss DG XII, TMR Program, Univ Italian Minist & Sci Res, Sicilian Region Govt, Ettore Majorana Ctr, Sci Culture, Italian Soc Electron Microscopy ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; DARK-FIELD STEM; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SCATTERED ELECTRONS; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; THIN SPECIMENS; IMAGE-CONTRAST; ADF STEM; RESOLUTION; CRYSTALS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pennycook, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 71 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-5939-9 J9 NATO ADV SCI I E-APP PY 1999 VL 364 BP 161 EP 207 PG 47 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BP93X UT WOS:000086691200007 ER PT B AU Robinson, AL Baxter, LL Sclippa, G Junker, H Widell, KE Dayton, DC Belle-Oudry, D Freeman, M Walbert, G Goldberg, P AF Robinson, AL Baxter, LL Sclippa, G Junker, H Widell, KE Dayton, DC Belle-Oudry, D Freeman, M Walbert, G Goldberg, P BE Gupta, RP Wall, TF Baxter, L TI Fireside considerations when cofiring biomass with coal in PC boilers SO IMPACT OF MINERAL IMPURITIES IN SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on Mineral Matter in Fuels CY NOV 02-07, 1997 CL KONA, HI SP Engn Fdn, Cooperative Res Ctr Black Coal Utilisat, Cooperative Res Ctr Power Generat Low Rank Coal, Ctr Coal Utilisat, Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd, EBARA Corp, IHI Co Ltd, Kawasaki Heavy Ind, Elect Power Dev Co, Japan Cement Assoc ID COMBUSTION C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Robinson, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46126-9 PY 1999 BP 247 EP 258 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BP33M UT WOS:000084731000018 ER PT B AU Robinson, AL Buckley, SG Sclippa, G Baxter, LL AF Robinson, AL Buckley, SG Sclippa, G Baxter, LL BE Gupta, RP Wall, TF Baxter, L TI In situ measurements of the thermal conductivity of ash deposits formed in a pilot-scale combustor SO IMPACT OF MINERAL IMPURITIES IN SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on Mineral Matter in Fuels CY NOV 02-07, 1997 CL KONA, HI SP Engn Fdn, Cooperative Res Ctr Black Coal Utilisat, Cooperative Res Ctr Power Generat Low Rank Coal, Ctr Coal Utilisat, Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd, EBARA Corp, IHI Co Ltd, Kawasaki Heavy Ind, Elect Power Dev Co, Japan Cement Assoc ID COAL C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Robinson, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46126-9 PY 1999 BP 485 EP 496 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BP33M UT WOS:000084731000036 ER PT B AU Belle-Oudry, D Dayton, DC AF Belle-Oudry, D Dayton, DC BE Gupta, RP Wall, TF Baxter, L TI Bench-scale biomass/coal cofiring studies SO IMPACT OF MINERAL IMPURITIES IN SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on Mineral Matter in Fuels CY NOV 02-07, 1997 CL KONA, HI SP Engn Fdn, Cooperative Res Ctr Black Coal Utilisat, Cooperative Res Ctr Power Generat Low Rank Coal, Ctr Coal Utilisat, Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd, EBARA Corp, IHI Co Ltd, Kawasaki Heavy Ind, Elect Power Dev Co, Japan Cement Assoc C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Belle-Oudry, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46126-9 PY 1999 BP 569 EP 579 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BP33M UT WOS:000084731000042 ER PT B AU Lipka, G AF Lipka, G BE Singh, A Hinze, J Coble, RJ TI Owner involvement in construction at a national laboratory SO IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY AND HEALTH ON CONSTRUCTION SITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference of CIB Working Commission W99 CY MAR 24-27, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Carter & Burgess, Corp Headquarters, Natl Sci Fdn, HI Occupat Safety & Hlth Div, HI Dept Transportat, Univ Hawaii Manoa, Construct Educ Concepts AB In a construction project, the contractor and the owner each have a responsibility for ensuring the health and safety of personnel on a project site. The contractor has the responsibility for ensuring that the provisions of OSHA's safety and health regulations are followed and that the work is conducted in a safe and well thought out manner (Kohn 1996). The owner has a responsibility for disclosing to the contractor those owner-controlled hazards that are present in the work area due to ongoing and past operations (OSHA 1997). With the owner taking an active role in disclosing the potential hazards, the contractor is able to account for, plan, and mitigate potential health and safety issues during the performance phase of the project. At Sandia National Laboratories, this disclosure is made early in the project through the use of processes developed specifically for this purpose. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Facil ES&H, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lipka, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Facil ES&H, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-036-1 PY 1999 BP 403 EP 409 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BM63E UT WOS:000079308700055 ER PT S AU Hetherington, DL Stein, DJ Lauffer, JP Wyckoff, EE Shingledecker, DM AF Hetherington, DL Stein, DJ Lauffer, JP Wyckoff, EE Shingledecker, DM BE Amberiadis, K Kissinger, G Okumura, K Pabbisetty, S Weiland, LH TI Analysis of in-situ vibration monitoring for end-point detection of CMP planarization processes SO IN-LINE CHARACTERIZATION, YIELD RELIABILITY, AND FAILURE ANALYSES IN MICROELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Line Characterization, Yield Reliability, and Failure Analyses in Microelectronic Manufacturing CY MAY 19-21, 1999 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev, Scottish Enterprise, Sira Technol Ctr, UK, Institut Elect Engineers, UK DE chemical mechanical polishing; CMP; planarization; endpoint; vibration AB This paper details the analysis of vibration monitoring for end-point control in oxide CMP processes. Two piezoelectric accelerometers were integrated onto the backside of a stainless steel polishing head of an IPEC 472 polisher. One sensor was placed perpendicular to the carrier plate (vertical) and the other parallel to the plate (horizontal). Wafers patterned with metal and coated with oxide material were polished at different speeds and pressures. Our results show that it is possible to sense a change in the vibration signal over time during planarization of oxide material on patterned wafers. The horizontal accelerometer showed more sensitivity to change in vibration amplitude compared to the vertical accelerometer for a given polish condition. At low carrier and platen rotation rates, the change in vibration signal over time at fixed frequencies decreased approximately 1/2 - 1 order of magnitude (ova the 2 to 10 psi polish pressure ranges). At high rotation speeds, the vibration signal remained essentially constant indicating that other factors dominated the vibration signal. These results show that while it is possible to sense changes in acceleration during polishing, more robust hardware and signal processing algorithms are required to ensure its use over a wide range of process conditions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hetherington, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1084, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3223-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3743 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1117/12.346902 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN20H UT WOS:000081061200010 ER PT S AU Stein, DJ Hetherington, DL AF Stein, DJ Hetherington, DL BE Amberiadis, K Kissinger, G Okumura, K Pabbisetty, S Weiland, LH TI Prediction of tungsten CMP pad life using blanket removal rate data and endpoint data obtained from process temperature and carrier motor current measurements SO IN-LINE CHARACTERIZATION, YIELD RELIABILITY, AND FAILURE ANALYSES IN MICROELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Line Characterization, Yield Reliability, and Failure Analyses in Microelectronic Manufacturing CY MAY 19-21, 1999 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev, Scottish Enterprise, Sira Technol Ctr, UK, Institut Elect Engineers, UK AB Several techniques to predict pad failure during tungsten CMP were investigated for a specific consumable set. These techniques include blanket polish rate measurements and metrics derived from two endpoint detection schemes. Blanket polish rate decreased significantly near pad failure. Metrics from the thermal endpoint technique included change in peak temperature, change in the time to reach peak temperature, and the change in the slope of the temperature trace just prior to peak temperature all as a function of pad life. Average carrier motor current before endpoint was also investigated. Changes in these metrics were observed however these changes, excluding time to peak process temperature, were either not consistent between pads or too noisy to be reliable predictors of pad failure. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stein, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3223-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3743 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.346904 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN20H UT WOS:000081061200012 ER PT S AU Hetherington, DL Stein, DJ AF Hetherington, DL Stein, DJ BE Ajuria, S Jakubczak, JF TI In-line monitoring of chemical-mechanical polishing processes SO IN-LINE METHODS AND MONITORS FOR PROCESS AND YIELD IMPROVEMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Line Methods and Monitors for Process and Yield Improvement CY SEP 22-23, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Electrochem Soc, SolidState Technol, Amer Vacuum Soc, Reliability Engn Assoc Japan DE chemical mechanical polishing; CMP; planarization; endpoint; in-line monitoring; process control ID END-POINT DETECTION; CMP; PLANARIZATION; TECHNOLOGY AB We present an overview of in-line monitoring of chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) processes. We discuss the technical challenges and review many of the approaches that have been published. Several methods rue currently under investigation including optical, thermal (pad temperature), friction (torque motor current), electrochemical, and acoustic (vibration). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1084, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dlhethe@sandia.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3481-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3884 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1117/12.361329 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN99V UT WOS:000083811300004 ER PT S AU Beaver, CL Gemmell, PS Johnston, AM Neumann, W AF Beaver, CL Gemmell, PS Johnston, AM Neumann, W BE Varadharajan, V Mu, Y TI On the cryptographic value of the q(th) root problem SO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATON SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information and Communication Security (ICICS 99) CY NOV 09-11, 1999 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Western Sydney Nepean, Distributed Syst & Network Res Unit, IEEE Comp Chapter, NSW, Australian Comp Soc, Harvey World Travel ID ALGORITHM AB We show that, for a prime q and a group G, if ord(G) = q(k)r, k > 1, and r is smooth, then finding a q(th) root in G, is equivalent to the discrete logarithm problem over G (note that the discrete logarithm problem over the group G reduces to the discrete logarithm problem over a subgroup of order q - see reference [5]). Several publications describe techniques for computing qth roots (see [3] and [1]). All have the stated or implied requirement of computing discrete logarithm in a subgroup of order q. The emphasis here will be on demonstrating that with a fairly general q(th) root oracle, discrete logarithms in a subgroup of order q may be found, describing the cryptographic significance of this problem, and in introducing two new public key signature schemes based on it. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Beaver, CL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66682-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1726 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ39E UT WOS:000088228700010 ER PT S AU Lysne, P Lee, G Jones, L Roschke, M AF Lysne, P Lee, G Jones, L Roschke, M GP IEEE COMPUTER IEEE COMPUTER TI HPSS at Los Alamos: Experiences and analysis SO INFORMATION-BASED ACCESS TO STORAGE: THE FOUNDATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON MASS STORAGE SYSTEMS - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems in Cooperation with the 7th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies CY MAR 15-18, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engineets Inc, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr AB The High Performance Storage System (HPSS) is currently deployed on the open and secure networks at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Users of the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) system with 6,144 processors and our similar Advanced Computing Laboratory (ACL) system, both from SGI/Cray, access HPSS for their data storage. We discuss our current HPSS configurations and how our users access HPSS. We analyze the performance between HPSS and these systems. We also discuss our projected storage and storage performance requirements for the next several years and what we are planning to meet those needs. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lysne, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1051-9173 BN 0-7695-0204-0 J9 IEEE S MASS STOR SYS PY 1999 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.1109/MASS.1999.830017 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BP90L UT WOS:000086558000014 ER PT S AU Hanushevsky, A Nowak, M AF Hanushevsky, A Nowak, M GP IEEE COMPUTER IEEE COMPUTER TI Pursuit of a scalable high performance multi-petabyte database SO INFORMATION-BASED ACCESS TO STORAGE: THE FOUNDATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON MASS STORAGE SYSTEMS - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems in Cooperation with the 7th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies CY MAR 15-18, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engineets Inc, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr AB When the BaBar experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center starts in April 1999, it will generate approximately 200TB/year of data at a rate of 10MB/sec for 10 years. A mere six years later, CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, will start an experiment whose data storage requirements are two orders of magnitude larger. In both experiments, all of the data will reside in Objectivity databases accessible via the Advanced Multi-threaded Server (AMS). The quantity and rate at which the data is produced requires the use of a high performance hierarchical mass storage system in place of a standard Unix file system. Furthermore, the distributed nature of the experiment, involving scientists from 80 Institutions in 10 countries, also requires an extended security infrastructure not commonly found in standard Unix file systems. The combination of challenges that must be overcome in order to effectively deal with a multi-petabyte object oriented database is substantial. Our particular approach marries an optimized Unix file system with an industrial-strength Mass Storage System. This paper describes what we had to do to create a robust and uniform system based on these components. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Hanushevsky, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1051-9173 BN 0-7695-0204-0 J9 IEEE S MASS STOR SYS PY 1999 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1109/MASS.1999.830026 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BP90L UT WOS:000086558000016 ER PT S AU Whiteside, RA Friedman-Hill, EJ Detry, RJ AF Whiteside, RA Friedman-Hill, EJ Detry, RJ BE Mills, JJ Kimura, F TI PRE: A framework for enterprise integration. SO INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS FOR MANUFACTURING II SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Working Conference on the Design of Information Infrastructure System for Manufacturing (DIISM 98) CY MAY 18-20, 1998 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Int Federat Informat Processing, TC5, WG5 3 5 7 DE CORBA; integration; framework AB Sandia National Laboratories' Product Realization Environment (PRE) is a lightweight, CORBA-based framework for the integration of a broad variety of applications. These applications are "wrapped" for use in the PRE framework as reusable components. For example, some of the PRE components currently available include: our product data management (PDM) system, our human resources database, several finite element analysis programs, and a variety of image and document format converters. PRE enables the development of end-user applications (as Java applets, for example) that use these components as building blocks. To aid such development, the PreLib library (available in both C++ and Java) permits both wrapping and using these components without knowledge of either CORBA or the security mechanisms used. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Whiteside, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9012,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 0-412-84450-8 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 1999 VL 16 BP 65 EP 78 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BP38F UT WOS:000084929000004 ER PT S AU Mosher, JC Leahy, RM Shattuck, DW Baillet, S AF Mosher, JC Leahy, RM Shattuck, DW Baillet, S BE Kuba, A Samal, M ToddPokropek, A TI MEG source imaging using multipolar expansions SO INFORMATION PROCESSING IN MEDICAL IMAGING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging (IPMI 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1999 CL VISEGRAD, HUNGARY SP Jozsef Attila Univ, Inst Informat, Charles Univ, 1st Fac Med, Hungarian Natl Comm Technol Dev, Philips Med Syst Nederland BV, Czech Soc Nucl Med, Czech Med Assoc, Leapfrog Technol Ltd, London ID SOURCE LOCALIZATION; MUSIC; EEG AB We describe the use of truncated multipolar expansions for producing dynamic images of cortical neural activation from measurements of the magnetoencephalogram. We use a signal-subspace method to find the locations of a set of multipolar sources, each of which represents a region of activity in the cerebral cortex. Our method builds up an estimate of the sources in a recursive manner, i.e. we first search for point current dipoles, then magnetic dipoles, and finally first order multipoles. The dynamic behavior of these sources is then computed using a linear fit to the spatiotemporal data. The final step in the procedure is to map each of the multipolar sources into an equivalent distributed source on the cortical surface. The method is demonstrated through a Monte Carlo simulation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ So Calif, Signal & Image Proc Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Mosher, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Samal, Martin/I-7868-2016 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66167-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1613 BP 15 EP 28 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS60G UT WOS:000170515200002 ER PT S AU Klein, GJ AF Klein, GJ BE Kuba, A Samal, M ToddPokropek, A TI Forward deformation of PET volumes using non-uniform elastic material constraints SO INFORMATION PROCESSING IN MEDICAL IMAGING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging (IPMI 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1999 CL VISEGRAD, HUNGARY SP Jozsef Attila Univ, Inst Informat, Charles Univ, 1st Fac Med, Hungarian Natl Comm Technol Dev, Philips Med Syst Nederland BV, Czech Soc Nucl Med, Czech Med Assoc, Leapfrog Technol Ltd, London ID FIELDS; IMAGES AB A method for non-rigidly deforming 3D PET datasets is described. The method uses a Lagrangian motion field description and a forward deformation mapping. To regularize the deformation, an anisotropic strain energy function is used that separately models the material properties of cardiac and background tissues. The method is applied to motion compensation in PET so that different time frames of a cardiac sequence may be combined. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Samal, Martin/I-7868-2016 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66167-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1613 BP 358 EP 363 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS60G UT WOS:000170515200029 ER PT S AU Weber, PG Borel, CC Clodius, WB Cooke, BJ Smith, BW AF Weber, PG Borel, CC Clodius, WB Cooke, BJ Smith, BW BE Holst, GC TI Design considerations, modeling and analysis for the Multispectral Thermal Imager. SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing X CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE modeling; analysis; system design; multispectral imaging; thermal imaging; calibration ID CALIBRATION AB The design of remote sensing systems is driven by the need to provide cost-effective, substantive answers to questions posed by our customers. This is especially important for space-based systems, which tend to be expensive, and-which generally cannot be changed after they are launched. We report here on the approach we employed in developing the desired attributes of a satellite mission, namely the Multispectral Thermal Imager. After an initial scoping study, we applied a procedure which we call: "End-to-end modeling and analysis (EEM)." We began with target attributes, translated to observable signatures and then propagated the signatures through the atmosphere to the sensor location. We modeled the sensor attributes to yield a simulated data stream, which was then analyzed to retrieve information about the original target. The retrieved signature was then compared to the original to obtain a figure of merit: hence the term "end-to-end modeling and analysis." We base the EEM in physics to ensure high fidelity and to permit scaling. As the actual design of the payload evolves, and as real hardware is tested, we can update the EEM to facilitate trade studies, and to judge, for example, whether components that deviate from specifications are acceptable. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Weber, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3175-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3701 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.352968 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN40K UT WOS:000081824900012 ER PT S AU Cooke, BJ Smith, BW Laubscher, BE Villeneuve, PV Briles, S AF Cooke, BJ Smith, BW Laubscher, BE Villeneuve, PV Briles, S BE Holst, GC TI Analysis and system design framework for infrared spatial heterodyne spectrometers SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing X CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy; spatially modulated FTS ID NOISE AB We present a preliminary analysis and design framework developed for the evaluation and optimization of infrared, Imaging Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (SHS) electro-optic systems. Commensurate with conventional interferometric spectrometers, SHS modeling requires an integrated analysis environment for rigorous evaluation of system error propagation due to detection process, detection noise, system motion, retrieval algorithm and calibration algorithm. The analysis tools provide for optimization of critical system parameters and components including: i) optical aperture, f-number, and spectral transmission, ii) SHS interferometer grating and Littrow parameters, and iii) image plane requirements as well as cold shield, optical filtering, and focal-plane dimensions, pixel dimensions and quantum efficiency, iv) SHS spatial and temporal sampling parameters, and v) retrieval and calibration algorithm issues. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooke, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-D448, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3175-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3701 BP 167 EP 191 DI 10.1117/12.352971 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN40K UT WOS:000081824900014 ER PT S AU Laubscher, BE Smith, BW Cooke, BJ La Delfe, PC Berggren, RR Villeneuve, PV Goeller, RM Obbink, GM Milligan, S Howard, JW Norton, PR Stegall, M Burgett, CB Harlander, JM Horton, RF AF Laubscher, BE Smith, BW Cooke, BJ La Delfe, PC Berggren, RR Villeneuve, PV Goeller, RM Obbink, GM Milligan, S Howard, JW Norton, PR Stegall, M Burgett, CB Harlander, JM Horton, RF BE Holst, GC TI The Infrared Imaging Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (IRISHS) experiment effort SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing X CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared spectroscopy; hyperspectral instruments; Fourier transform spectroscopy AB We present the Infrared Imaging Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (IRISHS) experiment. IRISHS is a new hyperspectral imaging spectrometer for remote sensing being developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory for use in identifying and assaying gases in the atmosphere when viewed against the Earth's background. The prototype instrument, which can operate between 8 and 1i.5 micrometers (although the current IR camera operates from 8 9.5 micrometers), will be described. Imaging spatial heterodyne spectrometer technology is discussed in four companion papers also presented at this symposium. IRISHS experiments began with a non-imaging "brassboard" instrument that allowed interferometer behavior to be investigated using a tunable CO, laser and an uncooled thermal 1R camera. Experience gained from the brassboard defined the imaging camera requirements for the prototype instrument. This imaging prototype, designed with refractive optics by Telic Optics, Inc., used a cooled HgCdTe 256x256 pixel focal plane array. Laboratory experiments investigating the operation of the instrument are discussed. Raw interferograms and the resulting spectral data are presented, illustrating the theory of operation as well as the performance of the prototype system. Future experiments will be outlined as well. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Laubscher, BE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3175-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3701 BP 194 EP 205 DI 10.1117/12.352970 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN40K UT WOS:000081824900015 ER PT S AU Datskos, PG Rajic, S Egert, CM Datskou, I AF Datskos, PG Rajic, S Egert, CM Datskou, I BE Andresen, BF Scholl, MS TI Detection of infrared photons using the electronic stress in metal-semiconductor interfaces SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MEMS; micromechanical; photon detector; thermal detector; microcantilever; photo-induced stress; photo-emission ID MICROCANTILEVERS; RESOLUTION; SILICON; MICROSCOPY; SENSORS AB It is well known that the work function of metals decreases when they are placed in a nonpolar liquid A similar decrease occurs when the metal is placed into contact with a semiconductor forming a Schottky barrier. We report on a new method for detecting photons using the stress caused by photo-electrons emitted from a metal film surface in contact with a semiconductor microstructure. The photoelectrons diffuse into the microstructure and produce an electronic stress. The photon detection results from the measurement of the photo-induced bending of the microstructure. Internal photo-emission has been used in the past to detect photons, however, in those cases the detection was accomplished by measuring the current due to photoelectrons and not due to electronic stress. Small changes in position (displacement) of microstructures are routinely measured in atomic force microscopy (AFM) where atomic imaging of surfaces relies on the measurement of small changes (< 10(-9) m) in the bending of microcantilevers. m the present work we studied the photon response of Si microcantilevers with a thin film of Pt. The Si microcantilevers were 500 nm thick and had a 30 nm layer of Pt. Photons with high enough energies produce electrons from the platinum-silicon interface which diffuse into the Si and produce an electronic stress. Since the excess charge carriers cause the Si microcantilever to contract in length but not the Pt layer, the bimaterial microcantilever bends. In our present studies we used the optical detection technique to measure the photometric response of Pt-Si microcantilevers as a function of photon energy. The charge carriers responsible for the photo-induced stress in Si, were produced via internal photo-emission using a diode laser with wavelength lambda =1550 nm. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3172-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3698 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1117/12.354516 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN59F UT WOS:000082322000018 ER PT S AU Smith, BW Laubscher, B Cooke, B LaDelfe, P Harlander, J Howard, JW Milligan, S AF Smith, BW Laubscher, B Cooke, B LaDelfe, P Harlander, J Howard, JW Milligan, S BE Andresen, BF Scholl, MS TI IRISHS, the Infrared Imaging Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer: a new pushbroom Fourier transform ultraspectral imager with no moving parts SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE imaging spectroscopy; infrared spectroscopy; Fourier transform spectroscopy; remote sensing ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Imaging spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (ISHS) was invented by Roesler and Harlander and applied to the far ultraviolet. It also has advantages for remote sensing applications in the visible and infrared bands. We have designed, assembled, and ground-tested a new instrument designed for eventual airborne or spaceborne deployment for imaging spectroscopy at ultraspectral resolution (1 cm(-1)). IRISHS is a true, imaging, Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) with a fully open square field of view (no slit), where the third dimension required to assemble data cubes is acquired by scanning the FOV linearly over the scene. Spatially displayed fringes are differenced ("heterodyned") with a spatial frequency determined by a pair of diffraction gratings, giving easily sampled fringe patterns. The current system operates between 8 and 12.5 microns in six sub-bands and employs a 256x256 pixel focal plane array. In comparison to dispersive imaging spectrometers with equivalent resolution, ISHS has: 1) much larger etendue in a small package; 2) full-field imaging for ease in image reconstruction; 3) approximately the same signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in equivalent observing scenarios, except in the case where the entire dispersive spectrometer is cryogenically cooled. In comparison to conventional FTS, ISHS has: I) no moving parts during data collection; 2) pushbroom imaging, 3) approximately the same SM for equivalent conditions, 4) much lower data rate. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Smith, BW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3172-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3698 BP 501 EP 509 DI 10.1117/12.354552 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN59F UT WOS:000082322000054 ER PT S AU Smith, BW Harlander, JM AF Smith, BW Harlander, JM BE Andresen, BF Scholl, MS TI Imaging spatial heterodyne spectroscopy: theory and practice SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE imaging spectroscopy; infrared spectroscopy; Fourier transform spectroscopy AB Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is a Fourier transform spectroscopy technique capable of very high spectral resolution with no moving parts. The original work described non-imaging SHS, and it became a true imaging spectroscopy technique without much fanfare. We describe the imaging technique and relate it to another "image plane interferometer" described by Horton, called HEIFTS, which does not have heterodyned fringes. One configuration of a basic SHS is a two-beam Michelson interferometer with both mirrors replaced by diffraction gratings operated in the Littrow configuration. To convert a parallel light SHS device to imaging, incoming light must be focussed on the gratings, so that each grating receives a full image of the scene. To acquire three-dimensional data cubes, the open (no slit) field of view is scanned across the scene. Although the focal plane array sees both spatial and spectral information, they are not mixed, because information is encoded by optical path difference according to position on the focal plane. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Smith, BW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3172-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3698 BP 925 EP 931 DI 10.1117/12.354497 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN59F UT WOS:000082322000097 ER PT B AU Lubeck, O Hoisie, A Bassetti, F Cameron, K Luo, Y Wasserman, H AF Lubeck, O Hoisie, A Bassetti, F Cameron, K Luo, Y Wasserman, H BE Veidenbaum, A Joe, K TI ASCI application performance and the impact of commodity processor architectural trends SO INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURE FOR FUTURE GENERATION HIGH-PERFORMANCE PROCESSORS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Innovative Architecture for Future Generation High-Performance Processors and Systems CY 1998 CL MAUI, HI SP Maui High Performance Comp Ctr ID COMPUTER AB The purpose of this paper is to summarize recent performance results from an important ASCI-related application and to speculate on how trends within the computer industry and in computer architecture relate to these results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0125-7 PY 1999 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1109/IWIA.1998.779067 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN58H UT WOS:000082307700001 ER PT S AU Okumus, SC Unal, O Kramer, MJ Akinc, M AF Okumus, SC Unal, O Kramer, MJ Akinc, M BE Bansal, NP Singh, JP TI Mechanical properties of plasma-sprayed Mo5Si3-MoB-MoSi2 system SO INNOVATIVE PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS OF CERAMICS, GLASSES, AND COMPOSITES II SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID COMPOSITES AB Mechanical properties of plasma-sprayed Mo5Si3-MoB-MoSi2 specimens were studied between room temperature and 1200 degrees C. The comparison of hardness, strength and fracture toughness results from perpendicular and parallel as-deposited specimens, showed that the local anisotropy has little effect on macroscopic properties. However, temperature had a major impact on the deformation and fracture behavior. The specimens exhibited nonlinear behavior at 800 degrees C and the strength increased up to 1000 degrees C, and the crack growth at elevated temperatures was unusually stable. The presence of a significant amount of amorphous phase(s) at the splat boundaries appeared to be the main reason for temperature dependent observations. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Okumus, SC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-060-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 94 BP 347 EP 360 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN02S UT WOS:000080430700032 ER PT B AU Smallwood, DO AF Smallwood, DO GP INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL TI Multiple shaker random vibration control - An update SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS 1999: CONTAMINATION CONTROL - DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION - PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Technical Meeting and Exposition of the IEST on Todays Training for Tomorrows World CY MAY 02-07, 1999 CL ONTARIO, CA SP Inst Environm Sci & Technol DE multiple shaker control; multiple axis vibration testing; vibration; testing; random; sine; waveform control; transient vibration AB The theory of the control of multiple shakers driving a single test item is reviewed. Several improvements that have been introduced since the original papers on the subject will be discussed. The improvements include: 1) specification of the control spectra; 2) the control of non-square systems (the number of shakers does not have to be equal to the number of control points); 3) the connection between sine testing, waveform control, and random control, 4) improvements in feedback control; 5) overlap-add versus time domain randomization; and 6) reproduction of non-Gaussian waveforms. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smallwood, DO (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA BN 1-877862-66-5 PY 1999 BP 212 EP 221 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN81R UT WOS:000083082600029 ER PT J AU Volkan, M Lee, Y Vo-Dinh, T AF Volkan, M Lee, Y Vo-Dinh, T TI AOTF-based remote sensor with sol-gel probe SO INSTRUMENTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTER; OPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSORS; PH SENSOR; FLUORESCENCE; SYSTEM; DYE; SPECTROMETRY; BIOSENSORS; GLASS AB We report the development and application of a sensor using acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) and sol-gel probe technology. A. pH-sensitive probe is used as a model sensing system with dextran derivatives of pH sensitive dyes doped into sol-gel thin films. We used a unique combination of pH-sensitive and pH-insensitive dual-label dye system. For optimization studies, the performance of these films as a pH sensing probe was evaluated using synchronous fluorescence detection. The performance of the a prototype AOTF-based monitor using a low-power argon laser as an ion excitation source was evaluated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1073-9149 J9 INSTRUM SCI TECHNOL JI Instrum. Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 5 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1080/10739149908085871 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 246JY UT WOS:000083161700002 ER PT J AU Auciello, O Krauss, AR Im, J Dhote, A Gruen, DM Aggarwal, S Ramesh, R Irene, EA Gao, Y Mueller, AH AF Auciello, O Krauss, AR Im, J Dhote, A Gruen, DM Aggarwal, S Ramesh, R Irene, EA Gao, Y Mueller, AH TI Studies of ferroelectric heterostructure thin films, interfaces, and device-related processes via in situ analytical techniques SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO DE in situ characterization; ferroelectric films; ion scattering; recoil spectroscopy; spectroscopic ellipsometry; SFM piezoresponse; X-ray scattering ID DIRECT RECOIL SPECTROSCOPY; ION-BEAM ANALYSIS; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; IN-SITU; FORCE MICROSCOPY; GROWTH-PROCESSES; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; REAL-TIME; SCATTERING; DEPOSITION AB The science and technology of ferroelectric thin films has experienced an explosive development during the last ten years. Low-density non-volatile ferroelectric random access memories (NVFRAMs) are now incorporated in commercial products such as "smart cards", while high permittivity capacitors are incorporated in cellular phones. However, substantial work is still needed to develop materials integration strategies for high-density memories. We have demonstrated that the implementation of complementary in situ characterization techniques is critical to understand film growth and device processes relevant to device development. We are using uniquely integrated time of flight ion scattering and recoil spectroscopy (TOF-ISARS) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) techniques to perform in situ, real-time studies of film growth processes in the high background gas pressure required to growth ferroelectric thin films. TOF-ISARS provides information on surface processes, while SE permits the investigation of buried interfaces as they are being formed. Recent studies on SrBi(2)Ta(2)O(9) (SBT) and Ba(x)Sr(1-x)TiO(3) (BST) film growth and interface processes are discussed. Direct imaging of ferroelectric domains under applied electric fields can provide valuable information to understand domain dynamics in ferroelectric films. We discuss results of piezoresponse scanning force microscopy (SFM) imaging for nanoscale studies of polarization reversal and retention loss in Pb(Zr(x)Ti(1-x))O(3) (PZT)-based capacitors. Another powerful technique suitable for in situ, real-time characterization of film growth processes and ferroelectric film-based device operation is based on synchrotron X-ray scattering, which is currently being implemented at Argonne National Laboratory. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1-4 BP 1147 EP 1162 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290RU UT WOS:000085692300012 ER PT J AU Gopalan, V Itagi, A Gerstl, S Swart, P Jia, QX Mitchell, TE Schlesinger, TE Stancil, DD AF Gopalan, V Itagi, A Gerstl, S Swart, P Jia, QX Mitchell, TE Schlesinger, TE Stancil, DD TI Ferroelectric domain kinetics in congruent LiTaO3 SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE electro-optic imaging microscopy; LiTaO3; ferroelectrics; domains; real-time kinetics AB We present real-time studies of nucleation and growth of 180 degrees ferroelectric domains in congruent LiTaO3 under an external electric field using optical microscopy. The measured wall velocities are an order of magnitude higher than those reported before using ex-situ techniques. Merger of growing domains form serrated fronts which show a further order of magnitude increase in wall velocity. A time dependent velocity is required in the Avrami theory to explain the change in domain area versus time at a constant electric field. We believe that these features of domain switching must be considered when studying ferroelectrics in general. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gopalan, V (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Stancil, Daniel/D-1339-2013; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 OI Stancil, Daniel/0000-0002-2010-1381; NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1-4 BP 1181 EP 1190 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290RU UT WOS:000085692300015 ER PT J AU Krauss, AR Dhote, A Auciello, O Im, J Ramesh, R Aggarwal, S AF Krauss, AR Dhote, A Auciello, O Im, J Ramesh, R Aggarwal, S TI Studies of hydrogen-induced degradation processes in Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3 (PZT) and SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) ferroelectric film-based capacitors SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE BST; PZT; hydrogen annealing; ferroelectric; thin film; surface analysis; ion scattering; pulsed ion beam surface characterization ID ELECTRODE AB The integration of PZT and SBT film-based capacitors with Si integrated circuit technology requires the use of processing steps that may degrade the performance of individual device components. Hydrogen annealing to remove damage in the Si FET adversely affects both PZT and SBT, although the mechanisms of degradation are different. We have used Mass spectroscopy of recoiled ions (MSRI), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and electrical characterization to study the mechanisms of hydrogen-induced degradation in these two materials. The mechanism responsible for degradation in SBT during hydrogen annealing appears to be hydrogen-induced volatilization of Bi from the near-surface region during film growth. Although there is a similar, but smaller, loss of Pb in PZT, the resulting change in stoichiometry is not responsible for the degradation of the ferroelectric properties. Raman spectroscopy reveals that PZT films exposed to hydrogen exhibit evidence for the formation of polar hydroxyl [OH-] bonds, which can block the movement of ions in the lattice and inhibit polarization. The possible sites for the incorporation of hydrogen are discussed in terms of ionic radii, and crystal structure. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Krauss, AR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1-4 BP 1191 EP 1201 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290RU UT WOS:000085692300016 ER PT J AU Lu, P He, S Li, FX Jia, QX AF Lu, P He, S Li, FX Jia, QX TI Epitaxial growth and structural properties of conductive RuO2 thin films SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE conductive RuO2; epitaxial growth; structural properties; MOCVD ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SPUTTERED RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE; METALLIC OXIDE; CAPACITORS; ELECTRODES; SURFACE; SI AB Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been used to deposit conductive oxide RuO2 thin films at different temperatures on (100) MgO and (100) LaAlO3 substrates. The microstructural properties of the RuO2 films have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). Different growth and microstructural properties were observed for the films deposited on the two substrates. For example, the films on MgO are epitaxial at deposition temperatures as low as 350 degrees C, and the films on LaAlO3 are epitaxial only at deposition temperatures of 600 degrees C and above. The epitaxial films on MgO consist of two variants with an orientation relationship given by (110) RuO2//(100) MgO and [001] RuO2//[011]MgO. The epitaxial films on LaAlO3, on the other hand, contain four variants with an orientation relationship given by (200)RuO2//(100)LaAlO3 and [011] RuO2//[011] LaAlO3. The difference in growth and microstructural properties were explained based on geometrical considerations for the film and substrates. The RuO2/substrate interfaces and the RuO2 domain boundaries were also investigated by TEM and HREM. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lu, P (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 839 EP 853 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290RT UT WOS:000085692200016 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Kim, DJ Im, J Streiffer, SK Auciello, O Maria, JP Kingon, AI AF Kim, SH Kim, DJ Im, J Streiffer, SK Auciello, O Maria, JP Kingon, AI TI Impact of changes in the Pt heterostructure bottom electrodes on the ferroelectric properties of SBT thin films SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE ferroelectricity; SBT; chemical solution deposition; surface roughness; Pt heterostructure; film/electrode interface ID CAPACITORS; PT/TI AB The crystallinity and the microstructure of Sr0.8Bi2.3Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films improved with increasing annealing temperature, and strongly influenced the ferroelectric properties. In addition, the properties of SBT films, such as remanent polarization and leakage current density, are closely related to the film/electrode interface and surface roughness of the underlying electrode. SBT firms on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si and Pt/ZrO2/SiO2/Si substrates exhibited high remanent polarization, low leakage current density, and low voltage saturation as compared to SBT films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. This is deduced to be related to differences in film orientation, electrode roughness, and out-diffusion of Ti onto the surface of the bottom electrode. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI KIM, DONG-JOO/C-2277-2008; Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 955 EP 970 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290RT UT WOS:000085692200024 ER PT J AU Gopalan, V Gahagan, KT Kawas, M Jia, QX Robinson, JM Mitchell, TE Schlesinger, TE Stancil, DD AF Gopalan, V Gahagan, KT Kawas, M Jia, QX Robinson, JM Mitchell, TE Schlesinger, TE Stancil, DD TI Integration of electro-optic lenses and scanners on ferroelectric LiTaO3 SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE integrated optics; feroelectrics; electro-optics; scanners; lenses ID DOMAIN INVERSION; CRYSTALS; LINBO3 AB An integrated electro-optic lens/scanner device was fabricated on ferroelectric LiTaO3 wafer. This was done using lithographically defined domain-inverted regions extending through the crystal thickness. A lens power of 0.233 cm(-1)kV(-1) and a scanner deflection of 12.68 mrad(-1) kV(-1) was observed. We also demonstrate an electro-optic lens stack collimator which collimates an input beam focused to 5 mu m waist diameter at 2.3kV. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gopalan, V (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Stancil, Daniel/D-1339-2013; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 OI Stancil, Daniel/0000-0002-2010-1381; NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1-4 BP 371 EP 376 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290RR UT WOS:000085692100005 ER PT J AU Gim, Y Gahagan, KT Kwon, C Hawley, M Gopalan, V Robinson, JM Mitchell, TE Jia, QX AF Gim, Y Gahagan, KT Kwon, C Hawley, M Gopalan, V Robinson, JM Mitchell, TE Jia, QX TI Growth of LiNbO3 films on single crystal sapphire substrates using pulsed laser deposition SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE LiNbO3; thin film; pulsed laser deposition; dielectric constant ID ACOUSTIC-WAVE PROPERTIES; NIOBATE THIN-FILMS; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION AB We report on the epitaxial growth of LiNbO3 (11(2) over bar 0) films on sapphire (11(2) over bar 0) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. We have used a Li-enriched target of Li2NbO3 to compensate for the loss of Li at high deposition temperatures of 600-800 degrees C, X-ray theta-2 theta scans reveal that the crystal orientation of our LiNbO3 films is very sensitive to the deposition temperature and oxygen pressure. To obtain a single (11(2) over bar 0) orientation, we need to use a deposition temperature of 800 degrees C and an oxygen pressure of 10(-5) Torr. Otherwise, an extra (0001) orientation of LiNbO3 always occurs. From a rocking curve of the (11(2) over bar 0) peak, we have measured a full width at half maximum of 0.3 degrees, implying that our LiNbO3 (11(2) over bar 0) film is highly oriented. The measured dielectric constants of the LiNbO3 (0001) and (11(2) over bar 0) films at 1 MHz are 80 and 70, respectively. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gim, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1-4 BP 431 EP 442 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290RR UT WOS:000085692100011 ER PT J AU Schloss, LF Haller, EE AF Schloss, LF Haller, EE TI The effect of growth temperature on pulsed laser deposited (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films designed for pyroelectric far-infrared detector applications SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE pyroelectric; (Ba;Sr)TiO3; pulsed laser deposition; deposition temperature; grain size; Curie temperature ID STRESS AB Pulsed laser deposited (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) thin ferroelectric films, developed for use in pyroelectric detectors, have been grown on single crystal SrTiO3 substrates at temperatures ranging from 580 to 780 degrees C. Temperature-dependent capacitance-voltage measurements reveal Curie temperature shifts of more than 50 K. However the Curie temperature does not shift monotonically with growth temperature. With increasing deposition temperature, the BST films transform from amorphous to epitaxial. Within the epitaxial growth regime, an increase in deposition temperature results in an increase in crystalline column size. These structural changes alter both the type and magnitude of film stress, resulting in shifts in Curie temperature anal consequently, the optimal pyroelectric detector operating temperature. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schloss, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1-4 BP 443 EP 452 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290RR UT WOS:000085692100012 ER PT J AU Godfrey, RP Friessnegg, T Ramesh, R Tipton, CW Hoffman, RC Robertson, DN Poindexter, EH Quuada, MA Nielsen, B Keeble, DJ AF Godfrey, RP Friessnegg, T Ramesh, R Tipton, CW Hoffman, RC Robertson, DN Poindexter, EH Quuada, MA Nielsen, B Keeble, DJ TI Infrared absorbing oxide electrodes in epitaxial pyroelectric Pb-La-Ti-O heterostructures with controlled domain orientation SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE PLT; LSCO; oxide; infrared; pyroelectric; positron; epitaxial; domain orientation ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; VACANCY DEFECTS; THIN; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Oxide-based pyroelectric heterostructures of La-Sr-Co-O/Pb0.9La0.1Ti0.975O3/La-Sr-Co-O have been grown. Single-crystal LaAlO3 substrates were chosen to obtain high quality epitaxial thin films in order to address basic pyroelectric properties. The use of perovskite conducting oxide electrodes promotes the formation of phase pure pervoskite pyroelectric material. Additionally, these oxides exhibit strong infrared absorption, alpha = 10(5)/cm. An infrared absorbing electrode is beneficial for producing a simplified detector design-with enhanced detectivity. Variation of the deposition temperature produced control of the domain orientation. Pyroelectric measurements using the Byer-Roundy method have yielded pyroelectric: coefficients of 50 nC/cm(2)K. Both pyroelectric coefficients and pulsed polarization values show a clear dependence on the c-axis volume fraction. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Genesis Engn Co, Lanham, MD USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Dundee, Carnegie Lab Phys, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RP Godfrey, RP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009; Keeble, David /C-6633-2012 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040; Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1-4 BP 475 EP 487 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290RR UT WOS:000085692100015 ER PT J AU Jia, QX Kwon, C Lu, P AF Jia, QX Kwon, C Lu, P TI Structural properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films on epitaxial RuO2 electrodes SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE RuO2; Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3; thin film deposition ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; HETEROEPITAXIAL GROWTH AB For the first time, we have demonstrated that epitaxial Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films can be grown on the epitaxial RuO2 electrodes by pulsed laser ablation. The Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 films, deposited on epitaxial (200) oriented RuO2 grown on (100) yttria-stabilized zirconia, exhibit single out-of-plane orientation as well as in-plane alignments. The detailed epitaxial relationships between the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 films and the RuO2 electrodes have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat & Sci Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Jia, QX (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat & Sci Technol, Mail Stop K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-4 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1080/10584589908215578 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290KD UT WOS:000085674700007 ER PT J AU Maiwa, H Maria, JP Christman, JA Kim, SH Streiffer, K Kingon, AI AF Maiwa, H Maria, JP Christman, JA Kim, SH Streiffer, K Kingon, AI TI Measurement and calculation of PZT thin film longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE piezoelectric; AFM; PZT; composition; calculation; electrostriction ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE AB The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of 2000 Angstrom thick chemical solution deposited Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O-3 (PZT) thin films were investigated. Several Zr/Ti ratios were studied: 30/70, 50/50 and 65/35, which correspond to tetragonal, near-morphotropic, and rhombohedral symmetries. In all samples, a {111}-texture is predominant. Longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients and their de field dependence were measured using the contact AFM method. The expected trend of a maximum piezoelectric coefficient at or near to the MPB was not observed. The composition dependence was small, with the maximum d(33) occurring in the tetragonal material. To explain the results, crystallographic texture and film thickness effects are suggested. Using a modified phenomenological approach, derived electrostrictive coefficients, and experimental data, d33 Values were calculated. Qualitative agreement was observed between the measured and calculated coefficients. Justifications of modifications to the calculations are discussed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maiwa, H (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 10 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-4 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1080/10584589908215586 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290KD UT WOS:000085674700015 ER PT J AU Kozyrev, A Ivanov, A Prudan, A Soldatenkov, O Hollmann, E Loginov, V Ginley, D Rivkin, T AF Kozyrev, A Ivanov, A Prudan, A Soldatenkov, O Hollmann, E Loginov, V Ginley, D Rivkin, T TI Microwave phase shifter employing SrTiO3 ferroelectric varactors SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE ferroelectric varactor; phase shifter; tunable ID THIN-FILM AB Nonlinear microwave properties of thin SrTiO3 ferroelectric films at ambient temperatures were investigated. A tunability factor of 1.7 and loss tangent of about 0.01-0.015 were measured at frequencies of 2-10 GHz for SrTiO3 thin film planar varactors at room temperature. The performance of an X-band microstrip phase shifter employing the SrTiO3 planar varactors at room temperature is reported. Continuous phase shift in the range of (0-55) deg under bias voltage of 0-400 V at operating frequency band (8.6-9.0) GHz was observed. A figure of merit for the phase shifter is 110 deg/dB and the phase error is smaller than 5 deg. To our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of the microwave application of SrTiO3 varactors operating as nonlinear elements at room temperature and a record result for figure of merit for ferroelectric phase shifters. C1 St Petersburg Electrotech Univ, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kozyrev, A (reprint author), St Petersburg Electrotech Univ, Prof Popov ST 5, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-4 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1080/10584589908215598 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290KD UT WOS:000085674700027 ER PT J AU Kozyrev, AB Ivanov, AV Samoilova, TB Soldatenkov, OI Sengupta, LC Rivkin, TV Carlson, CM Parilla, PA Ginley, DS AF Kozyrev, AB Ivanov, AV Samoilova, TB Soldatenkov, OI Sengupta, LC Rivkin, TV Carlson, CM Parilla, PA Ginley, DS TI Microwave properties of ferroelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO3 varactors at high microwave power SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE ferroelectric; varactor; nonlinear; microwave AB The microwave (similar to 10 GHz) performance of a tunable resonator employing ferroelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO3 film planar varactors under exposure to high levels of microwave power was studied. The nonlinear characteristics of the ferroelectric films affected by the large signal microwave electrical field were evaluated. The limitations of high power performance for the films and tunable microwave devices based on the films were established. C1 St Petersburg Electrotech Univ, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. Paratek Microwave Inc, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kozyrev, AB (reprint author), St Petersburg Electrotech Univ, Prof Popov ST 5, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-4 BP 297 EP 307 DI 10.1080/10584589908215599 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290KD UT WOS:000085674700028 ER PT J AU Sun, S Wang, YM Fuierer, PA Tuttle, BA AF Sun, S Wang, YM Fuierer, PA Tuttle, BA TI Annealing effects on the internal bias field in ferroelectric PZT thin films with self-polarization SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric films; internal bias; depolarization; hysteresis; asymmetry ID CERAMICS AB Asymmetric switching properties were measured and quantified in sol-gel derived PZT thin films. The hysteresis asymmetry is attributed to the presence of an internal bias field that has been correlated with the self-polarization during fabrication. Annealing the sample under a remanent polarization with the polarity opposite to that of self polarization can yield a partially compensated, completely canceled, or even a reversed internal bias, depending on the annealing temperature. Three dominant processes associated with charge trapping at elevated temperatures are clarified and correlated with the annealing effects. They are aging, de-aging, and the redistribution of trapped charges. A model using simplified domain configurations is proposed to explain the observed annealing effects on hysteresis asymmetry and switchable polarization. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Elect Ceram Div, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sun, S (reprint author), Ramtron Int Corp, 1850 Ramtron Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 23 IS 1-4 BP 25 EP 43 DI 10.1080/10584589908210138 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290KC UT WOS:000085674600003 ER PT S AU Gahagan, KT Gopalan, V Robinson, JM Jia, QX Mitchell, TE Kawas, MJ Schlesinger, TE Stancil, DD AF Gahagan, KT Gopalan, V Robinson, JM Jia, QX Mitchell, TE Kawas, MJ Schlesinger, TE Stancil, DD BE Righini, GC Najafi, SI TI Fabrication and characterization of high-speed integrated electro-optic lens and scanner devices SO INTEGRATED OPTICS DEVICES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics Devices III CY JAN 25-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE ferroelectrics; beam propagation method; integrated devices ID MATCHED 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; DOMAIN INVERSION; FIELD APPLICATION; BEAM DEFLECTOR; LITAO3; CRYSTALS; PROPAGATION; LINBO3 AB We demonstrate two high-speed electro-optic devices: an integrated lens/scanner and a variable radius collimating lens stack fabricated on a single crystal of Z-cut LiTaO3. The lens and scanner components consist of lithographically defined domain-inverted regions extending through the thickness of the crystal. A lens power of 0.233 cm(-1)kV(-1):, a deflection angle of 12.68 mad kV(-1), and a scan rate of 225 kHz at 375 V were observed. The collimating lens stack is theoretically capable of collimating the output from 2-10 micron diameter channel waveguides. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gahagan, KT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Stancil, Daniel/D-1339-2013; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 OI Stancil, Daniel/0000-0002-2010-1381; NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3090-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3620 BP 374 EP 379 DI 10.1117/12.343750 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BM84S UT WOS:000079917200041 ER PT J AU Unseren, MA AF Unseren, MA TI Brief overview of robotics and soft computing research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Unseren, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI ALBUGUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUGUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 173XF UT WOS:000079004500001 ER PT J AU Parker, LE AF Parker, LE TI Cooperative robotics for multi-target observation SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE multi-robot cooperation; multi-target tracking; ALLIANCE; behavior-based AB An important issue that arises in the automation of many security, surveillance and reconnaissance tasks is that of observing (or monitoring) the movements of targets navigating in a bounded area of interest. A key research issue in these problems is that of sensor placement-determining where sensors should be located to maintain the targets in view. In complex applications involving limited-range sensors, the use of multiple sensors dynamically moving over time is required. In this article, we investigate the use of a cooperative team of autonomous sensor-based robots for the observation of multiple moving targets (a problem that we term CMOMMT). We focus primarily on developing the distributed control strategies that allow the robot team to attempt to maximize the collective time during which each target is being observed by at least one robot team member in the area of interest. Our initial efforts on this problem address the aspects of distributed control in robot teams with equivalent movement capabilities working in an uncluttered, bounded area This article first formalizes the problem and discusses related work. We then present a distributed approximate approach to solving this problem (called A-CMOMMT) that combines low-level multi-robot control with higher-level control. The low-level control is described in terms of force fields emanating from the targets and the robots. The higher level control is presented in our ALLANCE formalism[16,17], which provides mechanisms for fault tolerant cooperative control, and allows robot ream members to adjust their low-level actions based upon the actions of their teammates. We then present the results of the ongoing implementation of our approach, both in simulation and on physical robots. To our knowledge, this is the first article addressing this research problem that has been implemented on physical robot teams. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1079-8587 EI 2326-005X J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1 BP 5 EP 19 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 173XF UT WOS:000079004500002 ER PT J AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV TI Fusion methods in multiple sensor systems using feedforward sigmoid neural networks SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE sensor fusion; fusion rule estimation; empirical estimation; Lipschitz functions; feedforward neural networks ID NADARAYA-WATSON ESTIMATOR AB Consider a system of N sensors {S-1, S-2 ,... S-N}, where the sensor S-j outputs Y-(j) is an element of B, in response to input X is an element of R, according to an unknown probability distribution Py(jIX). A training n-sample (X-1, Y-1), (X-2, Y-2),.,., (X-n, Y-n) is given where Y-i= (Y-i((1)), Y-i((2)),..., Y-i((N))) and Y-i((j)) the output of S-j in response to input X-i is an element of R. The problem is to choose a fusion function f: R-N --> R from a family F, based on the sample, to minimize the expected square error I(f)= integral[x-f(Y)](2)dP(Y,X) where Y = (Y-(1), Y-(2), ...,Y-(N)) We consider F to be the set of feedforward neural networks of sigmoid units with a single hidden layer and bounded weights. The computation of f* is an element of F that exactly minimizes I(f) is not possible in general since the underlying distributions are unknown. Under the boundedness of X and Y, we show that for a sufficiently large sample, a neural network estimate (f) over cap can be obtained such that P[I((f) over cap)-I(f*) > epsilon] < delta for any epsilon > 0, delta, 0 < delta < 1, and any distribution P-y x. Using various properties of the feedforward neural networks we obtain three different estimates for the required sample sizes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1079-8587 EI 2326-005X J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 173XF UT WOS:000079004500003 ER PT J AU Pin, FG Bender, SR AF Pin, FG Bender, SR TI Adding memory processing behaviors to the fuzzy behaviorist approach (FBA): Resolving limit cycle problems in autonomous mobile robot navigation SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE fuzzy control; sensor-based navigation; autonomous robot; fuzzy behaviorist approach; memory processing; limit cycle avoidance AB Most fuzzy logic-based reasoning schemes developed for robot control are fully reflexive, i.e., the reasoning modules consist of fuzzy rule bases mat represent direct mappings from the stimuli provided by the perception systems to the responses implemented by the motion controllers. Due to their totally reflexive nature, such reasoning systems can encounter problems such as infinite loops and limit cycles. In this paper. we propose an approach to remedy these problems by adding a memory and memory-related behaviors to basic reflexive systems. Three major types of memory behaviors are addressed: memory feeding, memory management, and memory utilization. The concepts underlying these major classes of behaviors are first presented. An example of their implementation is then described for the recognition of limit cycles during the sensor-based navigation of mobile robots. Results of sample cases involving an autonomous robot navigating in a priori unknown environments are presented and discussed to illustrate me efficiency of the approach. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pin, FG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI ALBUGUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUGUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 173XF UT WOS:000079004500004 ER PT J AU Baker, JE AF Baker, JE TI Providing accurate yet maximally consistent stochastic sampling for genetic algorithms SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Genetic Algorithms; selection sampling; evolutionary algorithms; stochastic bias AB Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are powerful global search techniques with application to a variety of engineering tasks, ranging from robotics to image processing. The power of the GA has long been associated with the implicit parallelism for which it is both necessary and sufficient to have an accurate Sampling Algorithm[5]. Although there has been significant research over the years in GA selection and sampling, previously available Sampling Algorithms have failed to simultaneously provide both accurate (zero biased) and consistent (minimal variance) sampling. This article reviews and empirically analyzes various sampling algorithms and offers two, time-efficient, maximally consistent algorithms: a partially parallel algorithm with increased accuracy and a completely accurate, sequential algorithm. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baker, JE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI ALBUGUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUGUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1 BP 43 EP 56 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 173XF UT WOS:000079004500005 ER PT J AU Kress, RL Jansen, JF Love, LJ AF Kress, RL Jansen, JF Love, LJ TI Hydraulic manipulator design, analysis, and control at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE robots; teleoperators; hydraulics; controls; nonlinearities ID SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION AB In the early developmental stages of robotics, hydraulics played an important role. Many of the early high-payload capacity manipulators were actuated by hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic rotary actuators. As the power-to-weight ratio of electric motors increased, they eventually came to be the preferred form of actuation for robotic manipulators because of the relative ease of operation, control, and maintenance for general cleanliness. Recently, however, task requirements have dictated that manipulator payload capacity increase to accommodate greater payloads, greater manipulator length, and larger environmental interaction forces. In order to successfully design, build, and deploy a new hydraulic manipulator (or subsystem), sophisticated modeling. analysis, and control experiments are usually needed. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has a history of projects that incorporate hydraulics technology. including mobile robots, teleoperated manipulators, and full-scale construction equipment. The purpose of this article is to describe the hydraulic manipulator research capabilities at ORNL Included are experimental results from ORNL's teleoperated human-amplifier and a custom-designed hydraulic manipulator. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kress, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI ALBUGUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUGUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 173XF UT WOS:000079004500006 ER PT J AU Love, LJ Kress, RL Burks, B AF Love, LJ Kress, RL Burks, B TI Modeling teleoperated tank waste removal at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE teleoperation; modeling; simulation AB One of the pervasive problems facing the Department of Energy's (DOE) national research facilities are the large volumes of stored radioactive waste. Historically, much of this waste, generated during the cold war, is contained in under ground storage tanks. Unfortunately, many of these tanks are showing signs of aging and fatigue. Subsequently, there is an aggressive DOE program directed at identifying existing technologies that can safely remove material from these facilities for storage in more stable environments. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), teaming with industry and other laboratories, has designed, developed, and integrated a remotely operated waste removal system. This manuscript describes this system as well as the modeling and simulation effort performed prior to system integration and operation. The modeling effort includes a novel dynamic model of multiple robots coupled by an elastic hose. The result of a simulation study, presented in the latter part of the manuscript provides valuable insight into the operational strategies and limitations of the system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Love, LJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI ALBUGUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUGUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 173XF UT WOS:000079004500007 ER PT J AU Unseren, MA AF Unseren, MA TI Determination of contact forces for two manipulators mutually lifting a rigid object using a technique of dynamic load distribution (vol 2, pg 49, 1996) SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Correction C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Unseren, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI ALBUGUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUGUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 257 EP 258 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 244BA UT WOS:000083030900008 ER PT J AU Unseren, MA AF Unseren, MA TI Application of a load distribution technique for contact force magnitude limit avoidance when two manipulators mutually lift a rigid object (vol 3, pg 363, 1997) SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Correction C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Unseren, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI ALBUGUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUGUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 259 EP 261 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 244BA UT WOS:000083030900009 ER PT S AU Abidi, BR Sari-Sarraf, H Goddard, JS Hunt, MA AF Abidi, BR Sari-Sarraf, H Goddard, JS Hunt, MA BE Casasent, DP TI Facet model and mathematical morphology for surface characterization SO INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION XVIII: ALGORITHMS, TECHNIQUES, AND ACTIVE VISION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XVIII - Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision CY SEP 20-21, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE facet model; mathematical morphology; real-time; surface characterization ID MACHINE; SYSTEM; PAPER AB This paper describes an algorithm for the automatic segmentation and representation of surface structures and non-uniformities in an industrial setting. The automatic image processing and analysis algorithm is developed as part of a complete on-line web characterization system of a papermaking process at the wet end. The goal is to: (1) link certain types of structures on the surface of the web to known machine parameter values, and (2) find the connection between detected structures at the beginning of the line and defects seen on the final product. Images of the pulp mixture (slurry), carried by a fast moving table, are obtained using a stroboscopic light and a CCD camera This characterization algorithm succeeded where conventional contrast and edge detection techniques failed due to a poorly controlled environment. The images obtained have poor contrast and contain noise caused by a variety of sources. After a number of enhancement steps, conventional segmentation methods still failed to detect any structures and are consequently discarded. Techniques tried include the Canny edge detector, the Sobel Roberts, and Prewitt's filters, as well as zero crossings. The facet model algorithm, is then applied to the images with various parameter settings and is found to be successful in detecting the various topographic characteristics of the surface of the slurry. Pertinent topographic elements are retained and a filtered image computed. Carefully tailored morphological operators are then applied to detect and segment regions of interest. Those regions are then selected according to their size, elongation, and orientation. Their bounding rectangles are computed and represented. Also addressed in this paper are aspects of the real time implementation of this algorithm for on-line use. The algorithm is tested on over 500 images of slurry and is found to segment and characterize nonuniformities on all 500 images. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Abidi, BR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3430-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3837 BP 334 EP 344 DI 10.1117/12.360312 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Optics GA BN92N UT WOS:000083488700034 ER PT S AU Schonfelder, B Keblinski, P Wolf, D Phillpot, SR AF Schonfelder, B Keblinski, P Wolf, D Phillpot, SR BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI On the relationship between grain-boundary migration and grain-boundary diffusion by molecular-dynamics simulation SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE structure-sensitive properties; grain-boundary migration; grain-boundary diffusion; molecular-dynamics simulation ID BICRYSTALS; METALS AB A molecular-dynamics method for the simulation of the intrinsic migration behavior of individual, flat grain boundaries is presented. A constant driving force for grain-boundary migration is generated by imposing an anisotropic elastic strain on a bicrystal such that the elastic-energy densities in its two halves are different. For the model case of the large-planar-unit-cell, high-angle (001) twist boundary in Cu we demonstrate that the drift velocity is proportional to the applied driving farce, thus enabling determination of the boundary mobility. The activation energy for grain-boundary migration is found to be distinctly lower than that for grain-boundary self-diffusion. A decrease in the related activation energies with increasing temperature is shown to arise from a crossover in the underlying mechanisms, from solid-like at low temperatures to liquid-like at high-temperatures that is accompanied by an underlying grain-boundary structural transition. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Met Kunde & Met Phys, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RP Schonfelder, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000002 ER PT S AU Penisson, JM Lancon, F Dahmen, U AF Penisson, JM Lancon, F Dahmen, U BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI High resolution study of a quasiperiodic grain boundary in gold SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republ Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nucl Res Inst Rez, plc DE electron microscopy; atomic modeling; quasicrystals ID ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; TILT BOUNDARIES; SIMULATION; HREM AB A mazed bicrystal of gold has been obtained by vacuum deposition of gold onto a [001] germanium substrate. Amongst the different grain boundaries existing in this bicrystal, there exits facets which are completely assymetric and presenting a non periodic structure. It is shown that specific groups of atoms are present. Their spatial distribution along the boundary plane is analyzed. The diffractogram of the experimental high resolution images reveals the presence of intensity streaks in a non periodic distribution. The calculated structure of this boundary is in good agreement with the experimentally observed one. The complete analysis of the experimental results leads to the conclusion that this boundary represents a one dimensional quasi-crystal. C1 CEA, Dept Rech Fondamentales Mat Condensee, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP CEA, Dept Rech Fondamentales Mat Condensee, 17 Ave Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. EM jpenisson@cea.fr RI Lancon, Frederic/B-2577-2009 OI Lancon, Frederic/0000-0002-6367-4462 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000004 ER PT S AU Medlin, DL Foiles, SM Campbell, GH Carter, CB AF Medlin, DL Foiles, SM Campbell, GH Carter, CB BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI Effect of grain boundary dislocations on 9R stacking errors at an incoherent twin boundary in copper SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE grain boundary dislocation; atomistic modeling; 9R; incoherent twin; stacking faults ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; METALS; FCC; CU; TRANSFORMATION; AG AB We consider the nature of faults in the dissociated 9R phase at an incoherent twin boundary in copper, analysis of the dislocation content of a five-layer break in the normal ABC/BCA/CAB stacking sequence of the 9R shows that this defect is associated with a secondary grain boundary dislocation (SGBD) of Burgers vector a/6[(2) over bar 11]. Atomistic simulations of SGBDs at the incoherent twin interface show that the sign of the Burgers vector is important to determining the core structure of the dislocation. The resulting atomistic structures and the five-layer width of the fault can be directly understood by analyzing the set of twinning dislocations that make up the boundary. Atomistic calculations show further, in agreement with the experimental observations, that a shear parallel to the interface causes an increase in the fault width that accompanies the growth of the 9R phase. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Medlin, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010; Carter, C. Barry/E-6478-2010; OI Carter, C. Barry/0000-0003-4251-9102; Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000005 ER PT S AU Bruemmer, SM AF Bruemmer, SM BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI Grain boundary composition and effects on environmental degradation SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE grain boundary; segregation; IGSCC; corrosion; RIS; IASCC ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; CHROMIUM DEPLETION; STAINLESS-STEEL; SEGREGATION AB Environmental degradation of metallic alloys is shown to depend on its local microstructure and microchemistry in many instances. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes can produce significant changes to the grain boundary composition and promote intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC). Austenitic stainless steels are used as an example to illustrate equilibrium effects of Gibbsian segregation and second-phase precipitation as well as non-equilibrium effects of quench-induced and radiation-induced segregation. Interfacial Cr concentration is shown to be the dominant material variable promoting IGSCC of austenitic stainless steels in oxidizing environments. Cracking susceptibility is a direct function of the boundary Cr content regardless of depletion width. However, grain boundary Cr depletion does not adequately explain IGSCC in stainless steels strengthened by cold work or neutron irradiation. Significant interfacial enrichment of Cr, Mo and B are often present in annealed stainless steels which may play a role in the IGSCC of cold-worked materials and delay IASCC to higher radiation doses. Impurity segregants (e.g., P) can promote IG hydrogen-induced cracking but do not have a strong detrimental effect on cracking in high-temperature water environments. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bruemmer, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000010 ER PT S AU Muller, DA Shashkov, DA Benedek, R Yang, LH Silcox, J Seidman, DN AF Muller, DA Shashkov, DA Benedek, R Yang, LH Silcox, J Seidman, DN BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI Atomic-scale studies of the electronic structure of ceramic/metal interfaces: {222}MgO/Cu SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE ceramic/metal heterophase interfaces; electron energy loss spectroscopy; local density functional theory; {111}MgO/Cu heterophase interfaces; electronic structure of interfaces ID HETEROPHASE INTERFACES AB {222} MgO/Cu interfaces produced by internal oxidation are studied by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) using an atomic sized electron beam. We determine interfacial chemistry of this interface with subnanometer spatial resolution and use EELS to measure directly the electronic states pertaining to the buried interface. The O-K edge gives evidence of metal-induced gap states (MIGS) within the bandgap of MgO, at the interface, which we find to be O terminated. Both experiment and ab initio calculations show the MIGS to be strongly localized at the interface. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Muller, DA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; Muller, David/A-7745-2010 OI Muller, David/0000-0003-4129-0473 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000014 ER PT S AU Johnson, E Johansen, A Dahmen, U Chen, SJ Fujii, T AF Johnson, E Johansen, A Dahmen, U Chen, SJ Fujii, T BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI Nanosized lead inclusions in aluminum-magic sizes and aspect ratios SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE edge energy; magic sizes; nanosized precipitates; Wulff construction ID PB INCLUSIONS; AL; SHAPES AB Aluminum-lead alloys containing dense distributions of nanosized lead precipitates have been made by rapid solidification and ion implantation. Embedded precipitates grow in parallel-cube alignment with the aluminum matrix; they have a cuboctahedral shape resulting from a minimization of the total interface energy, and atomically smooth {111} and {100} facets. The smallest precipitates, less than about 20 nm in size, adopt a series of magic sizes determined by periodic minima in the residual strain energy. In this size range the energy of the cuboctahedral edges becomes significant. This leads to changes in the aspect ratio of the precipitates so that the smaller precipitates are less truncated. Fitting the experimental data to an analytical expression gives a value of 1.15 for the ratio between the {100} and {111} interface energies and a value of 2.06.a(Pb) for the ratio of energies between the <110> edges and {111} interfaces. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Orsted Lab, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnson, E (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Orsted Lab, Univ Pk 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RI Fujii, Toshiyuki/B-9555-2015 OI Fujii, Toshiyuki/0000-0001-9796-724X NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000018 ER PT S AU Ayache, J Thorel, A Kim, SJ Lesueur, J Westmacott, KH Dahmen, U AF Ayache, J Thorel, A Kim, SJ Lesueur, J Westmacott, KH Dahmen, U BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI Growth induced grain boundary plane oscillations in YBa2Cu3O7 thin film bicrystals SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE YBCO thin film superconductors; grain boundary; bicrystal; structure AB We have combined TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), HREM (High Resolution Electron Microscopy) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) techniques to study growth induced defects in YBCO thin film bicrystals. AFM images clearly evidence "in-plane waviness" of the grain boundary (GB) and a quantitative analysis of HREM images shows unambiguously the oscillation of the grain boundary plane, This GB structure and morphology results from the island growth mechanism of the film. C1 Univ Paris 11, CNRS, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. Ecole Mines Paris, Ctr Mat, F-91003 Evry, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ayache, J (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000019 ER PT S AU Chisholm, MF Maiti, A Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST AF Chisholm, MF Maiti, A Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI Vacancy formation and vacancy-induced structural transformation in Si grain boundaries SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE electron microscopy; grain boundary structure; vacancy formation; Z-contrast ID SILICON AB Atomic resolution Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals preferential nucleation of electron-beam-induced damage in select atomic columns of a Si tilt grain boundary. Atomic scale simulations find that the region of initial damage nucleation corresponds to columns where the formation energies of vacancies and vacancy complexes are very low. The calculations further predict that vacancy accumulation in certain pairs of columns can induce structural transformations of the grain boundary core region. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Chisholm, MF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000029 ER PT S AU Babcock, SE Yang, CY Reeves, JL Wu, Y Pashitski, AE Polyanskii, A Larbalestier, DC Goyal, A Paranthaman, M List, FA Norton, DP Kroeger, DM Ichinose, A AF Babcock, SE Yang, CY Reeves, JL Wu, Y Pashitski, AE Polyanskii, A Larbalestier, DC Goyal, A Paranthaman, M List, FA Norton, DP Kroeger, DM Ichinose, A BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI Electromagnetic connectivity and microstructure in YBa2Cu3O7-delta films on rolling-assisted biaxially-textured substrates SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE coated conductors; RABiTS (TM); buffer layers; YSZ; YBa2Cu3O7-delta; electron microscopy; magneto optic imaging; critical current density; granularity ID ELECTRON-BEAM EVAPORATION; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; BUFFER LAYERS; NI AB Biaxially-textured YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coated conductors are a central thrust of current efforts to fabricate high-critical-current-density (J(c)) wire for large-scale applications of high-T-c superconductivity. Encouragingly high J(c) values are obtained in laboratory-length samples. However, magneto-optic imaging indicates that the supercurrent path is percolative even in the best materials. Thus, it seems clear that the full potential current carrying capability of these composites has not been reached, This paper describes coupled magneto-optic imaging and microstructural studies of RABiTS(TM) type coated conductors that indicate (1) the important roles of other microstructural features in addition to grain boundaries and (2) the need to explore the roles of the oxide buffer layer microstructure in optimizing the composite. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci & Engn & Appl Superconduct Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo, Japan. RP Babcock, SE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci & Engn & Appl Superconduct Ctr, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Polyanskii, Anatolii/B-8794-2009; Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000030 ER PT S AU Campbell, GH King, WE Foiles, SM Cohen, D AF Campbell, GH King, WE Foiles, SM Cohen, D BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI Determination of grain boundary atomic structure using quantitative high resolution electron microscopy SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE quantitative high resolution electron microscopy; least-squares optimization; grain boundaries; atomic structure determination ID SIMULATION; ALUMINUM AB Quantitative high resolution electron microscopy has been used to study the atomic structure of grain boundaries in metals. An example of the Sigma 11 (113)/[140] symmetric tilt grain boundary in Al is given. Results for atomic column locations were compared quantitatively with atomistic simulations of the structure of the grain boundary using Embedded Atom Method (EAM) potentials and Local Density Approximation (LDA) methods. There is a statistically significant difference between the experimental image and the simulated image based on the EAM. The experimentally determined grain boundary structure is in better agreement with the LDA calculation. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Campbell, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010; OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000061 ER PT S AU Luzzi, DE Imamura, D Inui, H George, EP Heatherly, L Yasuda, H Mori, H Yamaguchi, M AF Luzzi, DE Imamura, D Inui, H George, EP Heatherly, L Yasuda, H Mori, H Yamaguchi, M BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI Auger spectroscopy of TiAl interface diffusion specimens SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE interface diffusion; TiAl; Auger electron spectroscopy AB The utility of polysynthetically-twinned (PST) TiAl, which contains a high density of parallel, atomically-fiat interfaces within a set of identical crystallographic orientations, as a potential model system for a detailed investigation of interface diffusion is explored. Macroscopic PST crystals were grown in an optical float zone furnace. Thin films were cut from oriented crystals and polished with <110> and <112> directions normal to the film. After sputter cleaning, Ag was deposited on one side of the TiAl thin films. Auger spectra were obtained from these films over a wide range of sputter/anneal conditions. The Al and Ti concentrations were analyzed as well as the important impurity elements, S, Ar, C, N and O. Ag diffusion on the interfaces was confirmed. Using the present data and existing knowledge of the microstructure and crystallography of PST TiAl, the potential of this material for providing a detailed understanding of the atomistic mechanisms of interface diffusion is analyzed. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kyoto 60601, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Ultra High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. RP Luzzi, DE (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 389 EP 392 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000085 ER PT S AU Wolverton, C AF Wolverton, C BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI First-principles theory of coherent precipitation in size-mismatched SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE first-principles theory; precipitation; coherency strain; Al-Cu; Al-Mg AB A first-principles thermodynamic approach for studying coherent precipitation in size-mismatched alloys is presented. The approach takes into account both strain and interfacial energies, incorporates the effects of finite temperature, and can treat systems with length scales of similar to 200 Angstrom, all with first-principles accuracy. The method is applied to coherent precipitation in Al-Cu and Al-Mg alloys, where the coherent precipitation sequence is experimentally well-studied, but still controversial. This theoretical approach should aid in understanding the strengthening mechanism underlying precipitation hardening in these materials. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wolverton, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Wolverton, Christopher/B-7542-2009 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 469 EP 472 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000104 ER PT S AU Moody, NR Strojny, A Medlin, D Schneider, J Talin, A Gerberich, WW AF Moody, NR Strojny, A Medlin, D Schneider, J Talin, A Gerberich, WW BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI Interface structure effects on the fracture of hard thin films SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE interface structure; interfacial fracture; tantalum nitride films; aluminum nitride substrates; aluminum oxide substrates ID ADHESION AB In this study we combined nanoscratch testing with a multi-layer aluminum oxide and aluminum nitride single substrate system to determine the effects of interface composition and structure on susceptibility to fracture of hard, thin tantalum nitride films. Nanoscratch tests showed that the film on aluminum oxide and on aluminum nitride portions of the substrate failed readily along the tantalum nitride film-substrate interface regardless of substrate composition. Most importantly, the fracture energies were essentially equal on both substrate materials. These results strongly suggest that a sputter deposited interface structure controls susceptibility to fracture. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Motorola Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Moody, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 633 EP 636 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000145 ER PT S AU Simonen, EP Bruemmer, SM AF Simonen, EP Bruemmer, SM BE Lejcek, P Paidar, V TI Radiation-induced grain boundary segregation in austenitic stainless steels SO INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN MATERIALS, IIB98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries in Materials (iib98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic Acad Sci Inst Phys, Union Czech Math & Physicists, European Commiss, DG XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off - Europe & European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, VITKOVICE, a s, AR Tour Ondracek, Magnox Electric, plc, Nuclear Res Inst Rez, plc DE grain boundaries; segregation; RIS; IASCC AB Radiation-induced segregation to grain boundaries in austenitic stainless steels has been evaluated for a wide range of solute species, temperatures, irradiation dose and dose rate, and irradiation particle type. The primary findings from measurement and modeling are that major alloying elements (Fe, Ni and Cr) segregate predominately by the inverse-Kirkendall mechanism and undersized minor elements segregate by the interstitial-association mechanism. Several hundred measurements of radiation-induced grain boundary composition have been analyzed and rate theory models of solute-point defect interactions are shown to be useful descriptors of the segregation process. This fundamental study of segregation has aided the definition of grain boundary microchemistry during exposure to neutron irradiation in power reactors and relates to the specific problem of irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Simonen, EP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-823-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 294-2 BP 755 EP 758 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM90M UT WOS:000080081000175 ER PT J AU Hong, S Fu, CL AF Hong, S Fu, CL TI Phase stability and elastic moduli of Cr2Nb by first-principles calculations SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE Cr2Nb Laves phases; phase stability; first-principles calculations; FLAPW; elastic properties ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TOTAL-ENERGY; CONSTANTS; NBCR2 AB The phase stability and elastic moduli of Cr2Nb are investigated by first-principles calculations. Heats of formation are calculated and compared for the three Laves phases (C15, C14, and C36). It is found that the C15 phase is the ground-state structure with the lowest energy and the C36 phase is an intermediate state between C15 and C14. These three phases, however, are very close in energy, indicating low stacking fault energies in this system. For the ground-state C15 phase, we calculate three elastic constants from which the shear and Young's moduli are obtained. It is found that these calculated moduli are smaller than the experimental values obtained from polycrystals. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hong, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 1999 VL 7 IS 1 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(98)00005-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 146EL UT WOS:000077415000002 ER PT B AU Letellier, B Restrepo, L Shaffer, CJ AF Letellier, B Restrepo, L Shaffer, CJ GP AICHE AICHE TI Near-field dispersion of fission products in complex terrain using a 3-D turbulent fluid-flow model SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON MODELING THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTAL RELEASES OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Workshop on Modeling the Consequences of Accidental Releases of Hazardous Materials CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Ctr Chem Proc Safety, Amer Petr Inst, Chem Safety & Hazard Investigat Board, US EPA, Amer Nucl Soc, Div Environm Sci, European Federat Chem Engn, European Proc Safety Ctr, Hlth & Safety Execut, US DOE AB A recent safety analysis effort at Los Alamos National Laboratory involved a postulated release of fission products from the ventilation system of a building located near the wall of a canyon that is lined with fir trees. At immediate exposure risk from this accident are security personnel stationed within 50 and 150 m from the building. The variety of time scales and phenomenology present in this scenario required the integration of several analysis tools: (1) the ORIGEN2 nuclear-activation and decay model was used to compute time-dependent fission-product inventories following a criticality excursion in a ;nuclear assembly, (2) the MELCOR reactor-containment model was used to predict thermal and pressure-driven exfiltration rates of gases and aerosols from a building having door-seal gaps and ventilation outlets, (3) the FLOW-3D (Flow Science, Inc. Los Alamos, NM) turbulent fluid-flow model was used to transport material from roof-level vents through a complex building wake in order to determine time-dependent air concentrations near the receptor locations, and (4) a post-processing utility was developed to perform integrals over release and exposure times and to compute internal and external radiation doses. This paper is focused on the near-field transport of fission products in the presence of building wake and terrain obstacles. A brief description of the dose-integration methodology is also given. The FLOW-3D fluid model provides a general capability for finding three-dimensional, time-dependent Navier-Stokes solutions to fluid transport problems in a wide variety of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic design/analysis applications. This code provides boundary conditions such as constant or time-dependent directional flows, obstacle properties such as roughness and heat generation, and transport mechanisms such as particulate settling and diffusion that are necessary for facility-safety consequence analyses. FLOW-SD was successfully used to model turbulent wind fields near a two-level building and a canyon wall and to predict downwind air concentrations for a puff of tracer material released from elevated ventilation outlets. Resolutions of approximately 1 m were applied in a graduated spatial grid containing approximately 125,000 cells over the domain of interest. Steady-state solutions for uniformly incident winds were obtained in less than 45 CPU hours on a 450-MHz desktop processor. Comparisons of 3-D concentrations near a cubical building placed in free-field, uniform winds were made with correlations available from experiment for this simple configuration to benchmark performance of the numerical model against familiar results. Then, the FLOW-3D model was applied to an idealized configuration consisting of a large building sitting in a niche against a canyon wall. Animations of puff releases illustrate the effects of wind speed and upstream obstacles on the behavior of the turbulent plume. Finally, air-concentration histories observed at selected receptor locations were integrated with time-dependent source terms to estimate total exposures over the duration of an accident scenario. II was found that the combination of nuclear decay and building holdup times can greatly affect near-field radiation doses at early exposure times. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Letellier, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-8169-0781-1 PY 1999 BP 381 EP 396 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP49X UT WOS:000085324900020 ER PT B AU Fthenakis, VM Rohatgi, US AF Fthenakis, VM Rohatgi, US GP AICHE AICHE TI Modeling of underwater liquid releases, slick transport, and evaporation SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON MODELING THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTAL RELEASES OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Workshop on Modeling the Consequences of Accidental Releases of Hazardous Materials CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Ctr Chem Proc Safety, Amer Petr Inst, Chem Safety & Hazard Investigat Board, US EPA, Amer Nucl Soc, Div Environm Sci, European Federat Chem Engn, European Proc Safety Ctr, Hlth & Safety Execut, US DOE AB This paper presents an application of fluid mechanics in calculating the leakage of a fluid from a vessel submerged in a river, lake or the ocean. A model is developed to determine leakage due to changes of gravity and pressure forces caused by movements of the vessel or waves at the surface and of the spread of the spill on the water surface with evaporation. The equations in the model are solved analytically, and the solution is tested for the sensitivity of its predictions to the variation of input data. The model's predictions of discharges due to differences in hydrostatic pressure are verified with experimental data. Finally, the model is applied to a known case of gasoline leakage from an overturned barge in a river. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-8169-0781-1 PY 1999 BP 397 EP 417 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP49X UT WOS:000085324900021 ER PT B AU May, JM de Supinski, BR AF May, JM de Supinski, BR BE Arabnia, HR TI Experience with mixed MPI/threaded programming models SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOL VI, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE shared memory clusters; programming models; threads; message passing AB Shared memory clusters are hybrid parallel computers that support mixed programming models. Mixed models combine message passing with some form of multithreading, such as explicit thread calls, compiler parallelization based on directives, or threaded libraries. Although applications can treat these clusters as pure message passing machines, doing so may harm performance or prevent the code from using the full capabilities of the machine. We surveyed developers of several mixed model scientific applications at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to learn about their experiences with these models. All the codes we surveyed use MPI for message passing, but they use a variety of techniques for multithreading. This paper describes how the applications use mixed models and how easy the models were to program. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP May, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, 7000 East Ave,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-14-9 PY 1999 BP 2907 EP 2912 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BP04U UT WOS:000083968700037 ER PT B AU Wu, KS Simon, H AF Wu, KS Simon, H BE Arabnia, HR TI An evaluation of the parallel shift-and-invert Lanczos method SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOL VI, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE eigenvalue; Lanczos algorithm; parallel direct method ID SPARSE AB When the Lanczos method is used to compute eigenvalues, it is often restarted or used with the shift-and-invert scheme. The restarted scheme usually uses less memory but the shift-and-invert scheme is more robust. In addition, the shift-and-invert Lanczos method requires accurate solutions of a series of linear systems. Parallel software packages suitable for these linear systems are only started to become available. In this talk, we will present our evaluation of two such packages and briefly exam when it is necessary to use the shift and-invert scheme. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-14-9 PY 1999 BP 2913 EP 2919 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BP04U UT WOS:000083968700038 ER PT B AU Vajracharya, S Beckman, P Karmesin, S Keahey, K Oldehoeft, R Rasmussen, C AF Vajracharya, S Beckman, P Karmesin, S Keahey, K Oldehoeft, R Rasmussen, C BE Arabnia, HR TI A programming model for clusters of SMPs SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE programming models; data-parallel; run-time systems; loop scheduling; macro-dataflow; cache reuse ID PARALLEL AB High-performance computing on clusters of shared-memory multiprocessors (SMPs) is becoming a popular solution to large-scale numerical computation. While the potential for unprecedented computing power at small casts exists, the challenge of making effective use of the deep memory hierarchies an these clusters overwhelms the application programmer, who must consider the location of data in the processor cache, remote memory within an SMP, and remote memory across SMPs. Furthermore, what programming model maps well over multi-level memory hierarchies that extend to remote boxes? SPMD? Work queues using threads? In this paper, we present a unifying graph-based model of programming to address the challenge of data locality and parallelism on clusters of SMPs. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Vajracharya, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-15-7 PY 1999 BP 424 EP 431 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BR81L UT WOS:000167653300063 ER PT B AU Petrini, F Bassetti, F Gerbessiotis, A AF Petrini, F Bassetti, F Gerbessiotis, A BE Arabnia, HR TI A new approach to parallel program development and scheduling of parallel jobs on distributed systems SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE parallel job scheduling; communication libraries; run-time support; operating systems AB A typical way to increase the performance of a parallel program on a given parallel platform is to try to overlap computation and communication in order to decrease running time and simultaneously increase efficiency (speedup). This approach, however, leads to diminishing returns after an initial and time-consuming development phase. We propose an alternative approach to program development and resource utilization in a parallel machine. Rather than increasing the complexity of a single program, we attempt to overlap the execution of two or more parallel jobs on the same machine. Though this approach is not new, we think that the adoption of one-sided communication in program development and global scheduling strategies can pave the way to a new methodology of developing parallel programs that are simpler and can use more efficiently a wide range of parallel machines and distributed systems. This methodology is based on three innovative techniques communication buffering, strobing, and non-blocking, one-sided communication. By leveraging these techniques, we can perform effective optimizations based on the status of the parallel machine rather than on the limited knowledge available locally to each processor. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp CIC19, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrini, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp CIC19, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-15-7 PY 1999 BP 546 EP 552 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BR81L UT WOS:000167653300080 ER PT B AU Hoffman, FM Hargrove, WW AF Hoffman, FM Hargrove, WW BE Arabnia, HR TI Multivariate geographic clustering using a Beowulf-style parallel computer SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE multivariate geographic clustering; Beowulf; load balancing; fault tolerance AB The authors present an application of multivariate non-hierarchical statistical clustering to geographic environment data from the 48 conterminous United States in order to produce maps of regions of ecological similarity called ecoregions. Nine input variables thought to affect the growth of vegetation are clustered at a resolution of one square kilometer. These data represent over 7.8 million map cells in a 9-dimensional data space. For the analysis, the authors built a 126-node heterogeneous cluster-aptly named Me Stone SouperComputer-out of surplus PCs. The authors developed a parallel iterative statistical clustering algorithm which uses the MPI message passing routines, employs a classical master/slave single program multiple data (SPMD) organization, performs dynamic load balancing, and provides fault tolerance. In addition to being ran on the Stone SouperComputer, the parallel algorithm was tested on other parallel platforms without code modification. Finally, the results of the geographic clustering are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hoffman, FM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-15-7 PY 1999 BP 1292 EP 1298 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BR81L UT WOS:000167653300191 ER PT B AU Bassetti, F Davis, K AF Bassetti, F Davis, K BE Arabnia, HR TI Optimizing transformations of stencil operations for parallel cache-based architectures SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE parallel stencil operations; optimization; cache-based architectures AB This paper describes a new technique for optimizing serial and parallel stencil- and stencil-like operations for cache-based architectures. This technique tales advantage of the semantic knowledge implicitly in stencil-like computations. The technique is implemented as a source-to-source program transformation; because of its specificity it could not be expected of a conventional compiler. Empirical results demonstrate a uniform factor of two speedup. The experiments clearly show the benefits of this technique to be a consequence, as intended, of the reduction in cache misses. The test codes are based on a 5-point stencil obtained by the discretization of the Poisson equation and applied to a two-dimensional uniform grid using the Jacobi method as an iterative solver. Results are presented for a 1-D and 2-D tiling for a single processor. For the parallel case both blocking and non-blocking communication have been tested. However, the parallel case is not discussed here. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bassetti, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp, POB 1663,CIC-19, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-15-7 PY 1999 BP 1343 EP 1349 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BR81L UT WOS:000167653300199 ER PT B AU Bresnahan, J Foster, I Insley, J Toonen, B Tuecke, S AF Bresnahan, J Foster, I Insley, J Toonen, B Tuecke, S BE Arabnia, HR TI Communication services for advanced network applications SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE network applications; communication libraries; Nexus; Collaboratory Interoperability Framework (CIF) AB Advanced network applications such as remote instrument control, collaborative environments, and remote I/O are distinguished from "traditional" applications such as videoconferencing by their need to create multiple, heterogeneous pours with different characteristics. For example, a single application may require remote I/O for raw datasets, shared controls for a collaborative analysis system, streaming video for image rendering data, and audio for collaboration. Furthermore, each pow can have different requirements in terms of reliability, network quality of service, security, etc. We argue that new approaches to communication services, protocols, and network architecture are required both to provide high-level abstractions for common pour types and to support user-level management of pour creation and quality, We describe experiences with the development of such applications and communication services. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bresnahan, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-15-7 PY 1999 BP 1861 EP 1867 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BR81L UT WOS:000167653300275 ER PT B AU de Supinski, BR May, J AF de Supinski, BR May, J BE Arabnia, HR TI Benchmarking Pthreads performance SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc AB The importance of the performance of threads libraries is growing as clusters of shared memory machines become more popular. Posix threads, or Pthreads, is an industry threads library standard. We have implemented the first Pthreads benchmark suite. In addition to measuring basic thread functions, such as thread creation, we apply the LogP model to standard Pthreads communication mechanisms. We present the results of our tests for several hardware platforms. These results demonstrate that the performance of existing Pthreads implementations varies widely; parts of nearly all of these implementations could be further optimized. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP de Supinski, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-15-7 PY 1999 BP 1985 EP 1991 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BR81L UT WOS:000167653300294 ER PT B AU Freitag, LA Gropp, WD Hovland, PD McInnes, LC Smith, BF AF Freitag, LA Gropp, WD Hovland, PD McInnes, LC Smith, BF BE Arabnia, HR TI Infrastructure and interfaces for large-scale numerical software SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE high-performance scientific computing; component software; nonlinear PDEs AB The complexity of large-scale scientific simulations often necessitates the combined use of multiple software packages developed by different groups in areas such as adaptive mesh manipulations, scalable algebraic solvers, and optimization. Historically, these packages have been combined by using custom. code. This practice inhibits experimentation with and comparison of multiple tools that provide similar functionality through different implementations. The ALICE project, a collaborative effort among researchers at Argonne National Laboratory, is exploring the use of component-based software engineering to provide better interoperability among numerical toolkits. We discuss some initial experiences in developing an infrastructure and interfaces for high-performance numerical computing. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM freitag@mcs.anl.gov; gropp@mcs.anl.gov; hovland@mcs.anl.gov; mcinnes@mcs.anl.gov; bsmith@mcs.anl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-15-7 PY 1999 BP 2657 EP 2663 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BR81L UT WOS:000167653300397 ER PT B AU Plasil, F AF Plasil, F BE Lellouch, D Mikenberg, G Rabinovici, E TI High energy nuclear collisions SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 19-25, 1997 CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; LOW-MASS DILEPTONS; SUPPRESSION; ENHANCEMENT; PHOTONS; GEV/C AB The field of nucleus-nucleus collisions at "ultrarelativistic" energies is surveyed with emphasis on photon and lepton measurements. Prospects for future experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Plasil, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-64970-0 PY 1999 BP 166 EP 175 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP59F UT WOS:000085594100014 ER PT B AU Muller, D AF Muller, D CA SLD Collaboration BE Lellouch, D Mikenberg, G Rabinovici, E TI New tests of QCD using Z(0) -> b(b)over-barg events SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 19-25, 1997 CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM ID ENERGY AB We present new studies of 3-jet final states from hadronic Z(0) decays recorded by the SLD experiment, in which the quark, antiquark, and gluon jets are identified. Our gluon energy spectrum, measured over the full kinematic range, is consistent with the predictions of QCD, and we derive a Limit on an anomalous chromomagnetic bbg coupling. We measure the parity violation in Z(0) decays into b(b) over bar g to be consistent with the predictions of electroweak theory and QCD, and perform new tests of T- and CP-conservation at the bbg vertex. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Muller, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-64970-0 PY 1999 BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP59F UT WOS:000085594100068 ER PT B AU Buckley-Geer, E AF Buckley-Geer, E CA CDF Collaboration BE Lellouch, D Mikenberg, G Rabinovici, E TI Hard processes and perturbative QCD results from CDF SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 19-25, 1997 CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM ID PROTON-ANTIPROTON COLLIDER; HADRON COLLIDERS; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; MULTIJET EVENTS; CROSS-SECTION; JET; MASS AB We present results on the inclusive jet cross section at root s = 1800 GeV and 630 GeV, the two-jet cross section, multijet physics and the multijet differential cross section from the CDF experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Buckley-Geer, E (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-64970-0 PY 1999 BP 526 EP 529 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP59F UT WOS:000085594100074 ER PT B AU Strovink, M AF Strovink, M CA DO Collaboration BE Lellouch, D Mikenberg, G Rabinovici, E TI Top quark results from D SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 19-25, 1997 CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM AB This is a brief summary of D empty set's top quark measurements, including sigma t (t) over bar and m(t) in the l+jets and dilepton channels, sigma(t (t) over bar) in the all jets channel, and the search for top disappearance via t-->bH(+), H+ --> tau nu or c (s) over bar. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Strovink, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-64970-0 PY 1999 BP 585 EP 588 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP59F UT WOS:000085594100089 ER PT B AU Yu, JH AF Yu, JH BE Lellouch, D Mikenberg, G Rabinovici, E TI Precision electroweak results from N-N scattering in CCFR/NuTeV SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 19-25, 1997 CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM ID MIXING ANGLE; NEUTRINO AB We present a recent precision electroweak result from nu-N scattering experiment at CCFR. The latest measurement of the weak mixing angle from the CCFR experiment is sin(2) theta(w) = 0.2236 +/- 0.0041 which corresponds to on-shell mass of the W boson, M-w = 80.35 +/- 0.21 GeV/c(2). This result is the best measured weak mixing angle in all nu-N scattering experiments to date. We also present the improvements in the measurement from the new experiment, the NuTeV, hose expected M-w uncertainty is 110MeV/c(2). This expectation is compatible to the combined direct measurements from the Tevatron collider experiments. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yu, JH (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-64970-0 PY 1999 BP 645 EP 648 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP59F UT WOS:000085594100102 ER PT B AU Ribon, A AF Ribon, A BE Lellouch, D Mikenberg, G Rabinovici, E TI Measurement of time-dependent (B-0)over-bar-(B-10)over-bar flavor oscillation at CDF SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 19-25, 1997 CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM AB The time dependence of B-0-(B) over bar(0) oscillations has been studied using several techniques by the CDF experiment at Fermilab. The data comprise 110 pb(-1) of
collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV. Preliminary measurements of the B-0-(B) over bar(0) oscillation frequency (Delta m(d)) will be presented.
C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Ribon, A (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 3-540-64970-0
PY 1999
BP 769
EP 770
PG 2
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BP59F
UT WOS:000085594100132
ER
PT B
AU Daoudi, M
AF Daoudi, M
BE Lellouch, D
Mikenberg, G
Rabinovici, E
TI Search for CP-violation and b -> sg in inclusive B decays
SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics
CY AUG 19-25, 1997
CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL
SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol
HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM
AB We present preliminary results on two analyses performed by the SLD Collaboration using inclusive B decays: a search for CP violation and a search for the b --> sg transition.
C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
RP Daoudi, M (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 3-540-64970-0
PY 1999
BP 775
EP 776
PG 2
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BP59F
UT WOS:000085594100135
ER
PT B
AU Frank, JS
AF Frank, JS
CA E787 Collaboration
BE Lellouch, D
Mikenberg, G
Rabinovici, E
TI Evidence for K+ -> pi(+)nu(nu)over-bar from E787
SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics
CY AUG 19-25, 1997
CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL
SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol
HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM
ID SEARCH
AB A collaboration from KEK, INS, Osaka, TRIUMF, Princeton, and BNL is currently running E787 at the AGS. The experiment is designed primarily to search for the rare decay K+ --> pi(+)nu<(nu)over bar>, with an expected branching ratio of similar to 10(-10) We report evidence that we have observed this decay. We also discuss the future outlook for the experiment.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Frank, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 3-540-64970-0
PY 1999
BP 788
EP 789
PG 2
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BP59F
UT WOS:000085594100139
ER
PT B
AU Womersley, J
AF Womersley, J
BE Lellouch, D
Mikenberg, G
Rabinovici, E
TI Searches for new particles in photon final states at the tevatron
SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics
CY AUG 19-25, 1997
CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL
SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol
HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM
ID ENERGY
AB Searches for new physics at the Tevatron collider experiments, using signatures involving photons, are described.
C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Womersley, J (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 3-540-64970-0
PY 1999
BP 947
EP 950
PG 4
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BP59F
UT WOS:000085594100176
ER
PT B
AU Blum, T
Soni, A
AF Blum, T
Soni, A
BE Lellouch, D
Mikenberg, G
Rabinovici, E
TI Update on lattice QCD with domain wall quarks
SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics
CY AUG 19-25, 1997
CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL
SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol
HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM
ID CHIRAL FERMIONS; MATRIX
AB Using domain wall fermions, we estimate B-K(mu approximate to 2 GeV) = 0.602(38) in quenched QCD which is consistent with previous calculations. We also find ratios of decay constants that are consistent with experiment, within our statistical errors. Our initial results indicate good scaling behavior and support expectations that O(a) errors are exponentially suppressed in low energy (E << a(-1)) observables. It is also shown that the axial current numerically satisfies the lattice analog of the usual continuum axial Ward identity and that the matrix element of the four quark operator needed for BK exhibits excellent chiral behavior.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM tblum@bnl.gov; soni@bnl.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 3-540-64970-0
PY 1999
BP 1034
EP 1038
PG 5
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BP59F
UT WOS:000085594100194
ER
PT B
AU Paige, FE
AF Paige, FE
BE Lellouch, D
Mikenberg, G
Rabinovici, E
TI Search for SUSY at LHC: Precision measurements
SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics
CY AUG 19-25, 1997
CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL
SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol
HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM
AB Methods to make precision measurements of SUSY masses and parameters at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are described.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Paige, FE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 3-540-64970-0
PY 1999
BP 1171
EP 1176
PG 6
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BP59F
UT WOS:000085594100225
ER
PT B
AU Butler, JN
AF Butler, JN
BE Lellouch, D
Mikenberg, G
Rabinovici, E
TI B physics at the tevatron: Now, soon, and later
SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics
CY AUG 19-25, 1997
CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL
SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol
HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM
AB We discuss recent B physics results obtained at the Fermilab Tevatron by CDF, prospects for observing CP violation in the next run, and a proposal for a Dedicated B Collider Experiment, BTeV, at the Tevatron after the next collider run.
The main points of this paper are:
The next round of experiments will certainly establish evidence for CP violation in B decays. The Tevatron Collider experiments can play a key role in this effort;
Because of the limited statistics of this first round of CP experiments and with the growing appreciation of the theoretical difficulties of interpreting the results, this round will open up the study of CP violation in B decays but is not likely to close it out; and
Hadron collider B experiments will play an even larger role in the second generation of "precision" CP violation and mixing studies because of the large number of B's they produce. Experiments with forward rapidity coverage may have the best chance of achieving the high efficiency required for this effort.
Below, we discuss what has to be measured and with what accuracy; the reach of the next round of experiments - BaBar, Belie, CLEO, and HERA-B; CDF's prospects for their next run; and a new proposed experiment for Fermilab, BTeV.
C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Butler, JN (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 3-540-64970-0
PY 1999
BP 1200
EP 1207
PG 8
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BP59F
UT WOS:000085594100231
ER
PT B
AU Klima, B
AF Klima, B
CA DO Collaboration
BE Lellouch, D
Mikenberg, G
Rabinovici, E
TI Searches for pair production of first generation leptoquark at DO
SO INTERNATIONAL EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics
CY AUG 19-25, 1997
CL HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL
SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, European Union, DG XII, City Jerusalem, Israeli Minist Foreign Affairs, Goldschleger Conf Fdn, Weizmann Inst Sci, Israeli Acad Sci, Jerusalem Fund, Israeli Minist Sci, Einstein Ctr Theoret Phys, Israeli HEP Comm, N Cummings Chair Particle Phys, Technion Israel Inst Technol
HO HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM
ID SCALAR LEPTOQUARKS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; DECAYS; DETECTOR
AB We have searched for the pair production of first generation scalar leptoquarks using the full data set (123 pb(-1)) collected with the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron during 1992-1996. We observe no candidates, consistent with the expected background. We combine these new results from the ee + jets and e nu + jets channels with the published nu nu + jets result to obtain a 95% CL upper limits on the LQ pair production cross section as a function of mass and beta, the branching ratio to a charged lepton and a quark. Comparing to the NLO theory predictions, we set 95% CL lower limits on the LQ mass of 225, 204, and 79 GeV/c(2) for beta = 1, 1/2, and 0, respectively. The results of this analysis rule out an interpretation of the excess of high Q(2) events at HERA as leptoquarks with La mass below 200 GeV/c(2) for values of beta > 0.4.
C1 Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Klima, B (reprint author), Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 3-540-64970-0
PY 1999
BP 1235
EP 1240
PG 6
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BP59F
UT WOS:000085594100236
ER
PT J
AU Chen, EP
AF Chen, EP
TI Non-local effects on dynamic damage accumulation in brittle solids
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN
GEOMECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
DE damage; nonlocal; dynamic; continuum; numerical; brittle solid
ID PLASTICITY; FRACTURE; STRAIN
AB This paper presents a non-local analysis of the dynamic damage accumulation processes in brittle solids. A non-local formulation of a microcrack-based continuum damage model is developed and implemented into a transient dynamic finite element computer code. The code is then applied to the study of the damage accumulation process in a concrete plate with a central hole and subjected to the action of a step tensile pulse applied at opposite edges of the plate. Several finite element discretizations are used to examine the mesh size effect. Comparisons between calculated results based on local and non-local formulations are made and non-local effects are discussed. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct & Thermomech Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Chen, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct & Thermomech Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
NR 25
TC 44
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 0363-9061
J9 INT J NUMER ANAL MET
JI Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 23
IS 1
BP 1
EP 21
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9853(199901)23:1<1::AID-NAG892>3.0.CO;2-R
PG 21
WC Engineering, Geological; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 157DP
UT WOS:000078045000001
ER
PT J
AU Shadid, JN
AF Shadid, JN
TI A fully-coupled Newton-Krylov solution method for parallel unstructured
finite element fluid flow, heat and mass transfer simulations
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE iterative solvers; FEM; parallel CFD; unstructured grids
ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; FORMULATION
AB This manuscript briefly describes a robust iterative solution methodology used for parallel unstructured finite element simulation of strongly coupled fluid flow, heat and mass transfer. The solution method relies on an inexact Newton scheme and linear system solvers based on preconditioned Krylov subspace methods. The discussion considers computational efficiency and robustness issues related to the proposed schemes. The evaluated preconditioning techniques include simple polynomial expansion and multi-step block iterative methods along with overlapping Schwarz domain decomposition techniques using subdomain solvers based on incomplete factorizations. For this comparison a particular spatial discretization of the governing transport PDEs based on a Galerkin Least Squares (GLS) finite element formulation is used. Results are presented for some standard 2D CFD benchmark problems as well as for a number of 3D problems.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Shadid, JN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
NR 23
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 1061-8562
J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D
JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn.
PY 1999
VL 12
IS 3-4
BP 199
EP +
DI 10.1080/10618569908940825
PG 14
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA 256NU
UT WOS:000083732300002
ER
PT J
AU Atwood, T
AF Atwood, T
TI The role of coal technologies to support responsible economic growth
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Asian Pacific economies; clean coal technology; debt financing
AB The Asian Pacific region is home to the fastest-growing economies in the world. These economies are expected to double gross domestic product (GDP) in the next decade, and coal will play a major role as the primary energy source for electric power. The tremendous projected financial burden associated with the installation of new, coal-fired electric power facilities to fuel this unprecedented economic growth has focused efforts to identify existing and new sources of financing for major thermal power projects that are efficient and environmentally responsible. The economics are trying to accelerate economic development and promote the leveraging of in-country resources to meet their electric power objectives. With the growth in power production will come more greenhouse gas emissions and negative environmental impacts. The means to reducing these impacts is clean coal technology, which is becoming more and more accepted for debt financing. Competition for debt financing is becoming tighter worldwide, with increased use of project financing. Representatives of the coal technology and equipment industries believe that the availability of non-recourse financing is an impediment to greater penetration of clean coal technology into electric power markets in Asian Pacific economies. Better use of existing infrastructure project financing instruments and management of risk in Asian markets are critical to the development and acceptance of clean coal technology to meet greenhouse gas abatement and economic goals.
C1 US Dept Energy, Fossil Energy Off Coal & Power Syst, Germantown, MD 20874 USA.
RP Atwood, T (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Fossil Energy Off Coal & Power Syst, Germantown, MD 20874 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD
PI GENEVA AEROPORT
PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA
AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND
SN 0957-4352
J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut.
PY 1999
VL 12
IS 1
BP 14
EP 33
DI 10.1504/IJEP.1999.002278
PG 20
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 279EB
UT WOS:000085030500003
ER
PT J
AU Ritchie, RO
AF Ritchie, RO
TI Mechanisms of fatigue-crack propagation in ductile and brittle solids
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE fatigue-crack propagation; crack-tip shielding; metals; ceramics;
intermetallics; intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms
ID INTERMETALLIC MATRIX COMPOSITES; CYCLIC FATIGUE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS;
GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; MOLYBDENUM DISILICIDE; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA;
SILICON-CARBIDE; CERAMICS; RESISTANCE; ALUMINA
AB The mechanisms of fatigue-crack propagation are examined with particular emphasis on the similarities and differences between cyclic crack growth in ductile materials, such as metals, and corresponding behavior in brittle materials, such as intermetallics and ceramics. This is achieved by considering the process of fatigue-crack growth as a mutual competition between intrinsic mechanisms of crack advance ahead of the crack tip (e.g., alternating crack-tip blunting and resharpening), which promote crack growth, and extrinsic mechanisms of crack-tip shielding behind the tip (e.g., crack closure and bridging), which impede it. The widely differing nature of these mechanisms in ductile and brittle materials and their specific dependence upon the alternating and maximum driving forces (e.g., Delta K and K-max) provide a useful distinction of the process of fatigue-crack propagation in different classes of materials; moreover, it provides a rationalization for the effect of such factors as load ratio and crack size. Finally, the differing susceptibility of ductile and brittle materials to cyclic degradation has broad implications for their potential structural application; this is briefly discussed with reference to lifetime prediction.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008
OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998
NR 69
TC 308
Z9 311
U1 8
U2 108
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0376-9429
J9 INT J FRACTURE
JI Int. J. Fract.
PY 1999
VL 100
IS 1
BP 55
EP 83
DI 10.1023/A:1018655917051
PG 29
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 288PM
UT WOS:000085572300003
ER
PT J
AU Helms, KLE
Allen, DH
Hurtado, LD
AF Helms, KLE
Allen, DH
Hurtado, LD
TI A model for predicting grain boundary cracking in polycrystalline
viscoplastic materials including scale effects
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE polycrystalline solids; viscoplasticity; damage; cohesive zone; crack
propagation; grain boundary fracture; titanium; Timetal-21S; scale
effects
ID METAL CERAMIC COMPOSITES; WHISKER-REINFORCED METAL; VOID NUCLEATION;
DEFORMATION; DECOHESION; INTERFACE; FRACTURE
AB A model is developed herein for predicting the mechanical response of inelastic crystalline solids. Particular emphasis is given to the development of microstructural damage along grain boundaries, and the interaction of this damage with intragranular inelasticity caused by dislocation dissipation mechanisms. The model is developed within the concepts of continuum mechanics, with special emphasis on the development of internal boundaries in the continuum by utilizing a cohesive zone model based on fracture mechanics. In addition, the crystalline grains are assumed to be characterized by nonlinear viscoplastic mechanical material behavior in order to account for dislocation generation and migration. Due to the nonlinearities introduced by the crack growth and viscoplastic constitution, a numerical algorithm is utilized to solve representative problems. Implementation of the model to a finite element computational algorithm is therefore briefly described. Finally, sample calculations are presented for a polycrystalline titanium alloy with particular focus on effects of scale on the predicted response.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 88101 USA.
RP Helms, KLE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
NR 37
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 4
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0376-9429
J9 INT J FRACTURE
JI Int. J. Fract.
PY 1999
VL 95
IS 1-4
BP 175
EP 194
DI 10.1023/A:1018696101352
PG 20
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 237VJ
UT WOS:000082677000011
ER
PT J
AU Rocha, LM
AF Rocha, LM
TI Evidence sets: Modeling subjective categories
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE fuzzy sets; Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence; interval valued fuzzy
sets; uncertainty; cognitive categorization; constructivism; relational
databases; information technology; information retrieval; adaptive
collaborative; systems knowledge management
ID VALUED FUZZY-SETS; INTERVAL; UNCERTAINTY; FUZZINESS; NEGATION
AB Zadeh's Fuzzy Sets are extended with the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence into a new mathematical structure called Evidence Sets, which can capture more efficiently all recognized forms of uncertainty in a formalism that explicitly models the subjective context dependencies of linguistic categories. A belief-based theory of Approximate Reasoning is proposed for these structures. Evidence sets are then used in the development of a relational database architecture useful for the data mining of information stored in several networked databases. This useful data mining application establishes an Artificial Intelligence model of Cognitive Categorization with a hybrid architecture that possesses both connectionist and symbolic attributes.
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Complex Syst Modeling Team, Comp Res Grp CIC3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Rocha, LM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Complex Syst Modeling Team, Comp Res Grp CIC3, MS P990 Los Alamos, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM rocha@lanl.gov
OI Rocha, Luis/0000-0001-9402-887X
NR 38
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-1079
J9 INT J GEN SYST
JI Int. J. Gen. Syst.
PY 1999
VL 27
IS 6
BP 457
EP 494
DI 10.1080/03081079908962089
PG 38
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Ergonomics
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 225HD
UT WOS:000081951600002
ER
PT J
AU Lee, WH
Painter, JW
AF Lee, WH
Painter, JW
TI Material void-opening computation using particle method
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE material void space; particle method
AB When performing two-dimensional Eulerian calculations of material flow, one always encounters difficulties in modeling void opening due to material failure, such as fracture, spallation, or phase change. The present studies use one type of particle to represent the material and another type to represent the void space. According to the flow conditions, the void space may grow with crack propagation, or the neighboring, nonvoid material may recombine when the void space closes up. The penetration of a tungsten rod into an aluminum block, the penetration of a copper rod into a steel plate, the necking of a shaped-charge jet, the formation of a self-forging fragment, and two shaped charges with tungsten-copper liners are calculated using the present code. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Lee, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NR 8
TC 5
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0734-743X
J9 INT J IMPACT ENG
JI Int. J. Impact Eng.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 22
IS 1
BP 1
EP 22
DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(98)00041-4
PG 22
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Mechanics
GA 174MU
UT WOS:000079039600001
ER
PT J
AU Brigmon, RL
Anderson, TA
Fliermans, CB
AF Brigmon, R. L.
Anderson, T. A.
Fliermans, C. B.
TI Methanotrophic Bacteria in the Rhizosphere of
Trichloroethylene-Degrading Plants
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE methanotrophic bacteria; trichloroethylene; rhizosphere soils
AB The presence and density of methanotrophic bacteria has been shown to play an important role in the bioremediation of trichloroethylene (TCE). This article describes the methanotrophic bacterial densities in rhizosphere soils from two areas of the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina. A direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) technique was evaluated to determine the presence of methanotrophic bacteria in roots and rhizospheres from vascular plants. The first site, the Miscellaneous Chemical Basin (MCB), was contaminated with a mixture of chemicals, including chlorinated solvents. The second site will be potentially affected by outcropping of TCE-contaminated groundwater. Significantly higher numbers of methanotrophic bacteria were observed with DFA in rhizosphere soils and on roots of Lespedeza cuneata and Pinus taeda (that previously showed higher rates of C-14-TCE mineralization) compared with nonvegetated soils. In addition, viable and heterotrophic microbial counts were consistently higher in rhizosphere soils and on plant roots compared with nonvegetated soils. Therefore, the presence of these plant species may enhance C-14-TCE mineralization by selectively increasing the microbial population in the root zone. Methanotrophic bacteria were directly observed by DFA in soils, on the surface of root hairs, within plant roots, and in higher densities associated with mycorrhizal fungi. These experiments provide further evidence that specific types of bacterial interactions with vegetation in the rhizosphere may play an important role in remediation of TCE-contaminated soils and groundwater.
C1 [Brigmon, R. L.; Fliermans, C. B.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Environm Biotechnol Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA.
[Anderson, T. A.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA.
RP Brigmon, RL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Environm Biotechnol Sect, Bldg 704-8T TNX, Aiken, SC 29808 USA.
EM R03.brigmon@srs.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC09-76SR00001]; U.S. DOE
FX This article was prepared in connection with work done under a
subcontract to Contract No. DE-AC09-76SR00001 with the U.S. Department
of Energy (DOE). RLB was supported in part by an appointment to the U.
S. DOE Laboratory Cooperative Postgraduate Research Training Program at
the Savannah River Site administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for
Science and Education (ORISE). TAA was supported in part by the U.S. DOE
Faculty Research Travel Program administered by ORISE. We appreciate the
helpful contributions to this study of T. C. Hazen, D. P. Shupack, R.
White, and M. M. Franck.
NR 34
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1522-6514
EI 1549-7879
J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT
JI Int. J. Phytoremediat.
PY 1999
VL 1
IS 3
BP 241
EP 253
DI 10.1080/15226519908500018
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V33JL
UT WOS:000209015000003
ER
PT J
AU Punshon, T
Dickinson, N
AF Punshon, Tracy
Dickinson, Nicholas
TI Heavy Metal Resistance and Accumulation Characteristics in Willows
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Salix; trees; heavy metals; phytoremediation
AB The resistance of Salix to Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn was investigated in hydroponic culture, with phytoextraction potential evaluated for Cu. Root elongation (indicative of resistance level) was significantly affected, with considerable variation between and within individual clones. Resistance appeared to be clone- or hybrid-specific, rather than species-specific. S. caprea clones (and hybrids) were among the most resistant, but a secondary S. caprea clone from a different provenance was much less tolerant. S. viminalis and S. triandra clones were the most sensitive. Highest resistance was found in response to Cd, while Cu and Ni were extremely toxic. A resistant S. caprea ecotype originating from a metalliferous mine spoil was identified using this technique. Copper concentration reached a maximum of 2000, 400, and 82 m g g(-1) (d.wt) in roots, wood, and foliage, respectively, after 1 month in hydroponic culture. The level of variation in the response of Salix to metals may cause difficulties in phytoremediation screening programs, but may be essential in providing genetic variation for selection of metal resistance traits, where the contaminant profile is heterogeneous, mixed, or subject to change. Clone selection for metal phytoextraction is feasible, but a longer field-scale study on metal-contaminated soils is needed before their role in phytoremediation can be confirmed.
C1 [Punshon, Tracy; Dickinson, Nicholas] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Biol & Earth Sci, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England.
RP Punshon, T (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA.
EM punshon@srel.edu; besndick@livjm.ac.uk
NR 39
TC 39
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1522-6514
EI 1549-7879
J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT
JI Int. J. Phytoremediat.
PY 1999
VL 1
IS 4
BP 361
EP 385
DI 10.1080/15226519908500025
PG 25
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V33JS
UT WOS:000209015700004
ER
PT J
AU Miller, MP
Harley, EJ
Bammann, DJ
AF Miller, MP
Harley, EJ
Bammann, DJ
TI Reverse yield experiments and internal variable evolution in
polycrystalline metals
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
LA English
DT Article
DE constitutive behavior; polycrystalline materials; metallic materials;
viscoplastic materials; mechanical testing
ID FCC METALS; PLASTIC RELAXATION; COPPER-SILICA; STRAIN-RATE; DEFORMATION;
STRESS; MODEL; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM; FLOW
AB In this work, sequences of reverse yield experiments are used to measure the evolution of the directionally-dependent contribution to strain-hardening in OFHC copper. It is shown that based upon a 50 microstrain offset definition of yielding, a strength asymmetry commonly known as the Bauschinger effect develops and increases with prestrain. From the perspective of macroscale isotropic/kinematic hardening models, these data imply an increase in the kinematic hardening component of the yield strength. Hardening model parameters are determined by integrating the evolution equations and correlating the experimental data. Consistency between these modeling results and other data on the same heat of OFHC copper is then explored. It is found that while the reverse yield tests show the kinematic hardening variable, a, increasing in magnitude for uniaxial strains up to 20%, the tensor must very quickly change direction in stress space when the straining path is altered. Stress relaxation experiments were conducted and strain rate effects including the decomposition of the rate dependence between the flow rule and the evolution equations are investigated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Mech, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Miller, MP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
NR 47
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0749-6419
J9 INT J PLASTICITY
JI Int. J. Plast.
PY 1999
VL 15
IS 1
BP 93
EP 117
DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(98)00046-1
PG 25
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 180PD
UT WOS:000079393600004
ER
PT J
AU Maudlin, PJ
Bingert, JF
House, JW
Chen, SR
AF Maudlin, PJ
Bingert, JF
House, JW
Chen, SR
TI On the modeling of the Taylor cylinder impact test for orthotropic
textured materials: experiments and simulations
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTISURFACE PLASTICITY; YIELD SURFACE; TANTALUM; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR
AB Taylor impact tests using specimens cut from a rolled plate of tantalum were conducted. The tantalum was experimentally characterized in terms of flow stress and crystallographic texture. A piece-wise yield surface was interrogated from an ODF corresponding to this texture assuming two slip system modes, in conjunction with an elastic stiffness tensor computed from the same ODF and single crystal elastic properties. This constitutive information was used in EPIC-95 3D simulations of a Taylor impact test, and good agreement was realized between the calculational results and the experimental post-test geometries in terms of major and minor side profiles and impact-interface footprints. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA.
RP Maudlin, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NR 29
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 13
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0749-6419
J9 INT J PLASTICITY
JI Int. J. Plast.
PY 1999
VL 15
IS 2
BP 139
EP 166
DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(98)00058-8
PG 28
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 184EM
UT WOS:000079597500002
ER
PT J
AU Park, JJ
AF Park, JJ
TI Creep behavior of W-4Re-0.32HfC and its comparison with some creep
models
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE tungsten-rhenium-hafnium carbide; creep; Ansell-Weertman model;
Lagneborg model; Roesler-Arzt model
AB The high-temperature creep behavior of tungsten-4 wt% rhenium-0.32 wt% hafnium carbide (W-4Re-0.32HfC) was evaluated at temperatures ranging from 2200 to 2400 K and stresses ranging from 40 to 70 MPa in a vacuum less than 1.33 x 10(-6) Pa (1.0 x 10(-8) torr). The effects of temperature and stress on the secondary creep rate were determined. The stress exponent for creep was 5.2, and the activation energy for creep was 594 kJ/mol. These creep parameters were compared with predictions made by three creep models: the Ansell-Weertman, Lagneborg and Roesler-Arzt models. The results showed that none of these models accurately predicted the creep behavior of the alloy. However, the Lagneborg recovery creep model qualitatively predicted the secondary creep rate of W4Re-0.32HfC. The stress exponent for creep that was predicted by the Ansell-Weertman model did not agree with the values obtained in this research. The secondary creep rate that was predicted by the Roesler-Arzt model was approximately five orders of magnitude different from the rate obtained in this research. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Park, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E508, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NR 11
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0263-4368
J9 INT J REFRACT MET H
JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat.
PY 1999
VL 17
IS 5
BP 331
EP 337
DI 10.1016/S0263-4368(99)00023-2
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 267AT
UT WOS:000084333000001
ER
PT J
AU Fink, JK
Sofu, T
Ley, H
AF Fink, JK
Sofu, T
Ley, H
TI International Nuclear Safety Center database on thermophysical
properties of reactor materials
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties
CY JUN 22-27, 1997
CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO
SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Standing Comm Thermophys Properties, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div
HO UNIV COLORADO
DE database; fuel; cladding; material properties; reactor materials;
thermodynamic properties; transport properties
ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ZIRCONIUM
AB The International Nuclear Safety Center (INSC) database has been established at Argonne National Laboratory to provide easily accessible data and information necessary to perform nuclear safety analyses and to promote international collaboration through the exchange of nuclear safety information. The INSC database, located on the World Wide Web at http://www.insc.anl.gov, contains critically assessed recommendations for reactor-material properties for normal operating conditions, transients, and severe accidents. The initial focus of the database is on thermodynamic and transport proper ties of materials for water reactors. Materials that are being included in the database are fuel, absorbers, cladding, structural materials, coolants, and liquid mixtures of combinations of UO2, ZrO2, Zr, stainless steel, absorber materials, and concrete. For each property, the database includes (1) a summary of recommended equations with uncertainties; (2) a detailed data assessment giving the basis for the recommendations, comparisons with experimental data and previous recommendations, and uncertainties; (3) graphs showing recommendations, uncertainties, and comparisons with data and other equations; and (4) property values tabulated as a function of temperature.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Fink, JK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 1
BP 279
EP 287
DI 10.1023/A:1021463121533
PG 9
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 181PJ
UT WOS:000079450600026
ER
PT J
AU Nieh, TG
Wadsworth, J
AF Nieh, TG
Wadsworth, J
TI Fine structure superplastic intermetallics
SO INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID HIGH-STRAIN RATES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; SEVERE
PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR;
MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; NI3(SI,TI) ALLOYS;
GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; NICKEL SILICIDE
AB Recent advances in the basic understanding of fi ne structure superplasticity and the superplastic forming of intermetallics are reviewed. Superplastic characteristics in the nickel base (e.g. Ni3Al and Ni3Si), titanium base (e.g. Ti3Al and TiAl), and iron base (e.g. Fe3Al, FeAl, and Fe3Si) intermetallics are individually described. Deformation mechanisms are addressed as well as microstructural requirements and effects such as grain size, second phases and their distributions, and grain boundary structures. Two of the most interesting recent observations are also included for discussion: one is the observation of low temperature superplasticity in TiAl, and the other is coarse grained superplasticity in Fe3Al and FeAl. In addition, several examples of superplastic forming, including isothermal forging and biaxial gas-pressure forming, of several intermetallics are presented with comments on the likelihood of commercial application. Comparisons are made on the differences among superplastic behaviour in metals, ceramics, and intermetallics. IMR/339 (C) 1999 IoM Communications Ltd and ASM International.
C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-350,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011
OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746
NR 153
TC 38
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 20
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0950-6608
EI 1743-2804
J9 INT MATER REV
JI Int. Mater. Rev.
PY 1999
VL 44
IS 2
BP 59
EP 75
PG 17
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 244AB
UT WOS:000083028700002
ER
PT B
AU Chanchani, R
AF Chanchani, R
GP IEEE
IEEE
TI Modeling and simulation - The effects of grain coarsening on local
stresses and strains in solder microstructure
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED PACKAGING MATERIALS: PROCESSES,
PROPERTIES AND INTERFACES, PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials - Processes,
Properties and Interfaces
CY MAR 14-17, 1999
CL BRASELTON, GA
SP Int Microelectr & Packaging Soc
AB A critical issue in the long-term reliability of solder connections used in electronic packages is the joint failure during thermal cycling. Presently in most finite element analysis to predict the solder joint fatigue failures, solder is assumed as a homogeneous single-phase metal. However in the last decade, several metallurgical studies have shown that solder microstructure may have a role in early solder joint failures (ref 1). Investigators have observed (ref 1) that solder microstructure coarsens in local bands during aging and during thermal cycle fatigue. In a failed solder joint, the fatigue cracks are found in these bands of coarse grains. It is speculated that the grain coarsening increases the local strains within the microstructure, thereby increasing the likelihood for a crack to initiate. The objective of this study is to model and simulate the effect of grain coarsening on local stresses and strains.
During solidification of eutectic Pb/Sn solder, two types of microstructures form, namely lamellar and equiaxed. In this study, I have developed a computer code to generate both types of microstructures of varying grain coarseness. This code is incorporated into the finite element (FE) code that analyzes the local stresses and strains within the computer-generated microstructure. The FE code, specifically developed for this study, uses an algorithm involving the sparse matrix and iterative solver. This code on a typical single-processor machine will allow the analyst to use over I million degrees of freedom. For higher number of degrees of freedom, we have also developed a code to run on a parallel machine using message passing interface. The data reported in this paper were obtained using the single-processor code. The solder microstructure, if assumed to be homogeneous single phase, has gradual variation in local stresses and strains. In 2-phase solder, von mises stresses and strains are heterogeneously distributed. In general, the maximum von mises stress in 2-phase solder case are higher than in 1-phase solder. In lamellar microstructure of 2-phase solder, the maximum von mises stress in the microstructure gradually increases with grain coarseness. In equiaxed microstructure of 2-phase solder, the maximum von mises stress does not follow a general trend, increasing or decreasing, with increasing grain coarseness.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Chanchani, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
NR 5
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 0-930815-56-4
PY 1999
BP 136
EP 143
DI 10.1109/ISAPM.1999.757301
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BM70H
UT WOS:000079533800025
ER
PT B
AU Dimos, D
King, BH
Yang, P
AF Dimos, D
King, BH
Yang, P
GP IEEE
IEEE
TI Direct-write fabrication of integrated, multilayer passive components
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED PACKAGING MATERIALS: PROCESSES,
PROPERTIES AND INTERFACES, PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials - Processes,
Properties and Interfaces
CY MAR 14-17, 1999
CL BRASELTON, GA
SP Int Microelectr & Packaging Soc
AB The need for advanced (electronic) components and packages with smaller size, greater functionality, and enhanced reliability requires the ability to integrate electronic ceramics in complex 3-D architectures. However, traditional tape casting and screen printing approaches are poorly suited to the requirements of rapid prototyping and small-lot manufacturing. To address this need, we are developing a direct-write approach for fabricating highly integrated, multilayer components using a micropen to deposit slurries in precise patterns. This approach provides the ability to fabricate multifunctional, multimaterial integrated ceramic components (MMICCs) in an agile and rapid way. Commercial ceramic and metal thick films can be used directly in the system, as can filled polymer thick-film pastes. With this system, we have made custom resistor networks, integrated RC filters, flat inductors, and multiturn voltage transformers.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Dimos, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM dbdimos@sandia.gov
NR 10
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 0-930815-56-4
PY 1999
BP 186
EP 190
DI 10.1109/ISAPM.1999.757309
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BM70H
UT WOS:000079533800033
ER
PT B
AU Minniti, D
AF Minniti, D
CA MACHO Collaboration
BE Impey, C
TI Variable stars in the MACHO bulge database
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ASTROPHYSICS RESEARCH AND SCIENCE EDUCATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Astrophysics Research and Science Education
CY JUN, 1998
CL VATICAN OBSERV, VATICAN CITY, VATICAN
HO VATICAN OBSERV
ID GALACTIC BULGE; GALAXY
AB The MACHO Project has been monitoring large fields in the direction of the Galactic bulge, the LMC and SMC for over 6 years. These nightly observations taken in two passbands provide an unprecedented database for astronomers. This database, now reaching 5 Terabytes in size, has produced results relevant to microlensing, variable stars, galactic structure, and stellar evolution. An overview of the data is given, outlining some potential future applications.
C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Minniti, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV NOTRE DAME PRESS
PI NOTRE DAME
PA 310 FLANNER HALL, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556-5611 USA
BN 0-268-03155-X
PY 1999
BP 181
EP 185
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research
GA BQ97H
UT WOS:000165195900038
ER
PT S
AU Thompson, VS
Barrett, KB
Davis, T
Nieto, SR
Unger, TF
AF Thompson, VS
Barrett, KB
Davis, T
Nieto, SR
Unger, TF
BE Higgins, K
TI Antibody profiling as an identification tool for forensic samples
SO INVESTIGATION AND FORENSIC SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Meeting on Investigation and Forensic Science Technologies
CY NOV 03-04, 1998
CL BOSTON, MA
SP SPIE, Pacific NW Natl Lab
DE antibody profiling; identification; antibody fingerprinting; forensic
identification
AB A novel identification technique called antibody profiling was examined as an alternative to DNA-based methods for matching crime scene evidence to a suspect. This technique provides results within 2 hours, is 1/100 the cost of DNA tests, and does not require skilled technicians or expensive equipment, A matrix of 422 blood samples were prepared to mimic typical crime scene conditions and provide validation for the technique. The effects of sample size, drying temperature, binary and ternary blood mixtures, adulteration with chemicals, and placement on a variety of surfaces were examined. Using the antibody profiling method, 91% of the 422 samples were correctly identified, in addition, binary blood mixtures could be identified with up to 40% contaminating blood. Temperatures at or above 60 degrees C and the presence of soil in the samples interfered with the ability to correctly identify samples. In this study, the antibody profiling technique was shown to be an excellent alternative to DNA-based identification methods. This method will find applications in situations where results are needed rapidly, where it is necessary to screen multiple suspects, and in remote areas where the equipment and technical skills needed for DNA testing are not available.
C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Thompson, VS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RI Thompson, Vicki/B-9086-2017
OI Thompson, Vicki/0000-0003-4975-392X
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 0-8194-3042-0
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 1999
VL 3576
BP 52
EP 59
DI 10.1117/12.334545
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BM50A
UT WOS:000078902000009
ER
PT S
AU Groenewold, GS
Gresham, GL
Gianotto, AK
Avci, R
AF Groenewold, GS
Gresham, GL
Gianotto, AK
Avci, R
BE Higgins, K
TI Contaminant characterization on hair and fiber surfaces using imaging
TOF-SIMS
SO INVESTIGATION AND FORENSIC SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Meeting on Investigation and Forensic Science Technologies
CY NOV 03-04, 1998
CL BOSTON, MA
SP SPIE, Pacific NW Natl Lab
DE forensic science; drugs; organophosphates; surfactants; fibers; hair;
secondary ion mass spectrometry
ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STATIC SIMS; ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES;
TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; MICROSCOPE
AB Imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to evaluate the detection of contaminant chemicals on the surfaces of single synthetic textile and canine hair fibers. The results of the study showed that a variety of chemical classes can be detected. Both cocaine and heroin could be easily observed as intact protonated molecules ([M + H](+)) in the cation spectra acquired from textile fibers. Two organophosphates were evaluated: malathion,which is a common pesticide, and pinacolyl methyl phosphonic acid (PMPA), which is the principal degradation product of the nerve agent soman (a close relative of sarin). Malathion could be observed as (CH3O)(2)P(=S)S-., which is formed by thiophosphate cleavage of the intact malathion. PMPA is observed as the conjugate base ([PA-IPA - H](.)). Surfactant chemicals found in hair care products were successfully detected on single hair fibers. Specifically, alkyl sulfates, ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, silicones, and alkylammonium compounds could be readily identified in spectra acquired from single hair fiber samples exposed to shampoo and/or conditioner. Generally, the results of the study show that imaging SIMS is applicable to single fiber analysis, for a range of adsorbed compound types. The forensic application of this instrumental approach has not been widely recognized. However, the ability of the technique to acquire specific chemical information from trace samples clearly points to applications where the need for chemical analysis is great, but the amount of sample is limited.
C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Groenewold, GS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 8
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 0-8194-3042-0
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 1999
VL 3576
BP 60
EP 65
DI 10.1117/12.334515
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BM50A
UT WOS:000078902000010
ER
PT S
AU Gresham, GL
Groenewold, GS
Bauer, WF
Ingram, JC
Avci, R
AF Gresham, GL
Groenewold, GS
Bauer, WF
Ingram, JC
Avci, R
BE Higgins, K
TI Static secondary ion mass spectrometry characterization of nail polish
and paint surfaces
SO INVESTIGATION AND FORENSIC SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Meeting on Investigation and Forensic Science Technologies
CY NOV 03-04, 1998
CL BOSTON, MA
SP SPIE, Pacific NW Natl Lab
DE forensic science; paint; fingernail polish; static secondary ion mass
spectrometry
ID LEAST-SQUARES METHODS; IONIZATION; SIMS
AB A variety of paint and fingernail polish samples, which were visually similar, but had different chemical compositions, were analyzed using three static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) techniques. These techniques included: 1) high spatial resolution / high mass resolution imaging time-of-flight SIMS; 2) analysis of stabilized high mass secondary ions with an ion trap SIMS capable of MS/MS; 3) qualitative characterization using a quadrupole SIMS with "pulsed extraction" charge compensation. In some cases, distinguishing between different coatings was easily achieved because of the presence of dominant ions derived from the components of the coating materials in the SIMS spectra. In other instances, coating distinction was difficult within a product group because of spectral complexity; for this reason, multivariate statistical techniques were employed, which allowed meaningful classification of spectra Partial Least Squares and Principle Component Analysis were applied to quadrupole SIMS data. When using Partial Least Squares analysis reasonably accurate coating identification was achieved with the preliminary data with overall correct identifications at greater than 90% sensitivity.
C1 Idaho Nalt Engn & Environm Lab, Surface Res Grp, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Gresham, GL (reprint author), Idaho Nalt Engn & Environm Lab, Surface Res Grp, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RI Bauer, William/B-8357-2016
OI Bauer, William/0000-0002-7190-9700
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 0-8194-3042-0
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 1999
VL 3576
BP 66
EP 72
DI 10.1117/12.334516
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BM50A
UT WOS:000078902000011
ER
PT J
AU Liu, J
Weppner, W
AF Liu, J.
Weppner, W.
TI Electronic Conductivity Measurement of Gadolinia Doped Ceria by
DC-Partial-Polarization
SO IONICS
LA English
DT Article
AB A simple technique is presented to measure the partial electronic conductivity of solid electrolytes. It is based on the Hebb-Wagner polarization method but does not require complete blocking of the electrode. A major advantage of the method is the applicability over a much wider temperature range, especially measurements at higher temperatures. The technique needs to satisfy only the condition that the oxygen partial pressure in the reference gas is sufficiently low in order to decrease the ionic current to such an amount that the electronic conduction will be predominant at higher polarization voltages. The simple experimental arrangement is applied to measure the conductivity of the electronic minority charge carriers and to calculate the EDB (electrolytic domain boundary) values of 20 mol-% gadolinia doped ceria.
C1 [Liu, J.; Weppner, W.] Univ Kiel, Fac Engn, D-24143 Kiel, Germany.
RP Liu, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, CMT, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 5
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0947-7047
J9 IONICS
JI Ionics
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 5
IS 1-2
BP 115
EP 121
DI 10.1007/BF02375914
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Physics
GA V18TW
UT WOS:000208028100020
ER
PT B
AU Xu, TF
Carrie, R
Dickerhoff, D
Fisk, B
Levinson, R
McWilliams, J
Wang, D
Modera, M
AF Xu, TF
Carrie, R
Dickerhoff, D
Fisk, B
Levinson, R
McWilliams, J
Wang, D
Modera, M
BE Zhao, RY
Burnet, J
TI Duct system performance and energy losses in large commercial buildings
SO ISHVAC 99: 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING, VOLS 1 AND 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
(ISHVAC 99)
CY NOV 17-19, 1999
CL SHENZHEN, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Tsinghua Univ, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers, Hong Kong Inst Engineers, Chinese Architecture Assoc, Comm Heating Ventilat & Air Conditioning, China Assoc Refrigerat, Nat Sci Fdn China, Soc Heating Air Conditioning & Sanitary Engn Japan
AB This paper presents the findings of recent work characterizing thermal distribution systems in four large commercial buildings by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The buildings are multi-story large-office buildings or retails buildings with floor spaces of more than 2,000 m(2). They typically contain single-duct or dual-duct constant air volume (CAV) systems, or variable air volume (VAV) systems. Thermal distribution losses in the duct systems studied are categorized into air leakage and conduction, with the latter including convective and radiative losses. This paper reports air leakage results in terms of effective leakage area (ELA)and ASHRAE-defined duct leakage class, and compares with those found in previous studies. The new data of leakage classes indicate that air leakage in large commercial duct systems varies significantly from system to system, and from system section to system section. Most of the duct systems measured are much leakier than the ductwork specified as "unsealed ducts" by ASHRAE. Energy losses due to air leakage and heat conduction through duct systems are significant.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Xu, TF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU TSINGHUA UNIV, DEPT THERMAL ENGINEERING, DIV HVAC
PI BEIJING
PA BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA
BN 962-367-255-1
PY 1999
BP 1065
EP 1073
PG 9
WC Construction & Building Technology
SC Construction & Building Technology
GA BP31H
UT WOS:000084659400122
ER
PT J
AU Sherby, OD
AF Sherby, OD
TI Ultrahigh carbon steels, Damascus steels and ancient blacksmiths
SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Review
DE ultrahigh carbon steels; processing; superplasticity; mechanical
properties; Damascus Steel; Japanese swords; ancient blacksmiths
ID IRON CARBIDE; SUPERPLASTICITY; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS;
ALLOYS
AB The processing and mechanical properties of ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCS) have been studied over the past twenty-five years, initially at Stanford University and later at Lawrence Livermore National laboratory These studies have shown that such steels (1 to 2.1% C) can be made superplastic at elevated temperature, and have high strength and good ductility at room temperature. The metallurgy of UHCSs is now well understood allowing economical procedures to achieve ultra-fine hypereutectoid spheroidite, pearlite and optically-unresolvable martensite. The investigation of these UHCSs brought us, eventually, to study the his tory and metallurgy of Damascus steel and Japanese swords, and of ancient blacksmiths. These ancient Persian and Japanese weapons, the most famous in the world, were also ultrahigh carbon steels. It is proposed that the iron age may have begun at the same time period as the early bronze age, approximately 7000 BC. The Damascus steel age began at about 2000 BC, the same as the full bronze age.
C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Sherby, OD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
NR 56
TC 28
Z9 36
U1 7
U2 43
PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN
PI TOKYO
PA 9-4 OTEMACHI 1-CHOME CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100, JAPAN
SN 0915-1559
J9 ISIJ INT
JI ISIJ Int.
PY 1999
VL 39
IS 7
BP 637
EP 648
DI 10.2355/isijinternational.39.637
PG 12
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 217WK
UT WOS:000081521800003
ER
PT J
AU Vitek, JM
AF Vitek, JM
TI Neural networks applied to welding: Two examples
SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE neural networks; weld pool shape; laser welds; welding; ferrite number;
stainless steel
AB Neural network analysis provides for a powerful means for non-linear regression analysis that can be applied to a wide variety of problems. This paper describes the application of neural networks to two welding areas. The general approach for the development of the back propagation neural networks is described, including the method that was used to identify the optimum neural network architecture and the best neural network. The first application considers the weld profile shape in pulsed laser aluminum welds and the prediction of the profiles as a function of weld process conditions. It is shown that the neural network predictions are reasonably accurate in most cases, in spite of the fact that the training data set was quite small. The second application considers the prediction of Ferrite Number in stainless steel welds as a function of weld composition. For this application an extensive training data set was available. The neural network that was developed was compared to conventional means for predicting Ferrite Number and it was shown that the neural network was considerably more accurate than other currently available methods.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 550,MS 6376, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
NR 16
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 2
PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN
PI TOKYO
PA 9-4 OTEMACHI 1-CHOME CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100, JAPAN
SN 0915-1559
J9 ISIJ INT
JI ISIJ Int.
PY 1999
VL 39
IS 10
BP 1088
EP 1095
DI 10.2355/isijinternational.39.1088
PG 8
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 247KP
UT WOS:000083220200018
ER
PT J
AU McIlroy, A
AF McIlroy, A
TI Laser studies of small radicals in rich methane flames: OH, HCO, and
(CH2)-C-1
SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY DETECTION; AROMATIC HYDROCARBON FORMATION
AB Chemical mechanisms for combustion processes are often developed for nearly stoichiometric flames, a perfect balance of fuel and oxidizer. As the fuel content is increased and flames become richer, these models will eventually break down because they lack reactions leading to the formation of larger hydrocarbons and ultimately soot. In this contribution, we investigate the behavior of two methane combustion models, the GRI 2.11 and Prada-Miller mechanisms, in a series of rich flames of stoichiometry 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6. Using non-intrusive laser diagnostics, laser-induced fluorescence, and cavity ring-down spectroscopy, the concentration profiles as a function of height above burner for OH, HCO, and (CH2)-C-1 have been measured in these rich low-pressure methane flames. The experimental results are compared to the calculated profiles. In general, good agreement is found for all species over the range of stoichiometries investigated. The agreement of the OH and HCO profiles with the models is particularly striking. For (CH2)-C-1, the width, position, and relative height of the profiles match the model predictions for flames of stoichiometry 1.0 and 1.2. Discrepancies are noted for the richer flames investigated, those with stoichiometries of 1.4 and 1.6. An analysis of the models suggests that additional pathways for (CH2)-C-1 formation and removal should be considered. Even under fairly rich conditions, stoichiometry of 1.6, both models perform well for the radicals investigated here. There is no indication of the requirement for >C-2 chemistry to reproduce the present data.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP McIlroy, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
NR 21
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 5
PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD
PI JERUSALEM
PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/37, GIVAT SHAUL PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL
SN 0021-2148
J9 ISRAEL J CHEM
JI Isr. J. Chem.
PY 1999
VL 39
IS 1
BP 55
EP 62
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 219WE
UT WOS:000081630100006
ER
PT J
AU Tonse, SR
Moriarty, NW
Brown, NJ
Frenklach, M
AF Tonse, SR
Moriarty, NW
Brown, NJ
Frenklach, M
TI PRISM: Piecewise reusable implementation of solution mapping. an
economical strategy for chemical kinetics
SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SITU ADAPTIVE TABULATION; MECHANISMS; COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY
AB In a chemical kinetics calculation, a solution-mapping procedure is applied to parametrize the solution of the initial-value ordinary differential equation system as a set of algebraic polynomial equations. To increase the accuracy, the parametrization is done piecewise, dividing the multidimensional chemical composition space into hypercubes and constructing polynomials for each hypercube. A differential equation solver is used to provide the solution at selected points throughout a hypercube, and from these solutions the polynomial coefficients are determined. Factorial design methods are used to reduce the required number of computed points. The polynomial coefficients for each hypercube are stored in a data structure for subsequent reuse, since over the duration of a flame simulation it is likely that a particular set of concentrations and temperature will occur repeatedly at different times and positions.
The method is applied to H-2-air combustion using an 8-species reaction set. After N-2 is added as an inert species and enthalpy is considered, this results in a 10-dimensional chemical composition space. To add the capability of using a variable time-step, time-step is added as an additional dimension, making an 11-dimensional space. Reactive fluid dynamical simulations of a 1-D laminar premixed flame and a 2-D turbulent non-premixed jet are performed. The results are compared to identical control runs which use an ordinary differential equation solver to calculate the chemical kinetic rate equations. The resulting accuracy is very good, and a factor of 10 increase in computational efficiency is attained.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Tonse, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 23
TC 70
Z9 76
U1 0
U2 4
PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD
PI JERUSALEM
PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/37, GIVAT SHAUL PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL
SN 0021-2148
J9 ISRAEL J CHEM
JI Isr. J. Chem.
PY 1999
VL 39
IS 1
BP 97
EP 106
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 219WE
UT WOS:000081630100010
ER
PT J
AU Pomes, R
AF Pomes, R
TI Theoretical studies of the Grotthuss mechanism in biological proton
wires
SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Reserch Workshop on Proton Solvation and Proton Mobility
CY 1998
CL NEVE ILAN, ISRAEL
SP Israel Proton Transfer Grp, Israel Sci Fdn, Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Tel Aviv Univ, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fritz Haber Res Ctr Molec Dynam, Spectra Phys
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; HEME-COPPER
OXIDASES; CHANNEL GRAMICIDIN-A; WATER-MOLECULES; EXCESS PROTON; QUANTUM
DYNAMICS; H+ TRANSLOCATION; TRANSPORT; CHAIN
AB The structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties of proton wires are examined. Detailed molecular aspects of both hop and turn steps of the Grotthuss mechanism for proton conduction along single-file chains of water molecules in model nonpolar pores and in the gramicidin A channel are reviewed, and new simulation results are presented. The Grotthuss mechanism is discussed and analyzed in terms of hydrogen-bonded network structure and connectivity, and the properties of proton wires are contrasted to those of bulk water. General considerations regarding the biological relevance of such studies are proposed.
C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Pomes, R (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
NR 43
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 4
PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD
PI JERUSALEM
PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/37, GIVAT SHAUL PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL
SN 0021-2148
J9 ISRAEL J CHEM
JI Isr. J. Chem.
PY 1999
VL 39
IS 3-4
BP 387
EP 395
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 281EU
UT WOS:000085145600018
ER
PT S
AU Foster I
Kesselman, C
Lee, C
Lindell, B
Nahrstedt, K
Roy, A
AF Foster, I
Kesselman, C
Lee, C
Lindell, B
Nahrstedt, K
Roy, A
GP IEEE
IEEE
TI A distributed resource management architecture that supports advance
reservations and co-allocation
SO IWQOS '99: 1999 SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON QUALITY OF SERVICE
SE International Workshop on Quality of Service
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQOS 99)
CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1999
CL LONDON, ENGLAND
SP IEEE Commun Soc, IFIP WG6 1 Assoc, ACM SIGCOMM, Nortel Res UK, Hewlett Packard Internet Res Inst, Microsoft Res, Sprint Labs
AB dThe realization of end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantees in emerging network-based applications requires mechanisms that support first dynamic discovery and then advance or immediate reservation of resources that will often be heterogeneous in type and implementation and independently controlled and administered. We propose the Globus Architecture for Reservation and Allocation (GARA) to address these four issues. GARA treats both reservations and computational elements such as processes, network flows, and memory blocks as first class entities, allowing them to be created, monitored, and managed independently and uniformly. It simplifies management of heterogeneous resource types by defining uniform mechanisms for computers, networks, disk, memory, and other resources. Layering on these standard mechanisms, GARA enables the construction of application-level co-reservation and co-allocation libraries that applications can use to dynamically assemble collections of resources, guided by both application QoS requirements and the local administration policy of individual resources. We describe a prototype GARA implementation that supports three different resource types-parallel computers, individual CPUs under control of the Dynamic Soft Real-Time scheduler, and Integrated Services networks-and provide performance results that quantify the costs of our techniques.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Foster I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 20
TC 13
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1548-615X
BN 0-7803-5671-3
J9 INT WORKSH QUAL SERV
PY 1999
BP 27
EP 36
DI 10.1109/IWQOS.1999.766475
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Information Systems
SC Computer Science
GA BN37L
UT WOS:000081719000006
ER
PT B
AU Miller, MK
AF Miller, MK
BE Koiwa, M
Otsuka, K
Miyazaki, T
TI Atom probe studies of phase transformations in nickel-based superalloys
SO JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 12, (JIMIC-3), PTS 1 AND 2:
SOLID - SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations (PTM 99)
CY MAY 24-28, 1999
CL KYOTO, JAPAN
SP Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Mat Sci Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Crystallog Soc Japan, Soc Polymer Sci, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Japan Soc Heat Treatment, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japan Welding Engn Soc, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn, Japan Soc Powder & Powder Met, Chinese Soc Met, Federat European Met Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Francaise Phys, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde E V, Inst Nazl Fisica Mat, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Inst Mat, Minerals Met & Mat Soc
DE Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy; Atom Probe Tomography; superalloy;
precipitation
AB An atom probe tomography characterization of the early stages of phase separation in a commercial nickel-base superalloy, Alloy 718, has been performed. The development of the composition and structure of the secondary precipitates that formed on ageing at 873 K has been characterized. The secondary precipitates were not found to be uniform throughout their volume but to be divided into two distinct types of regions enriched in either niobium or in aluminum and titanium that are characteristic of the gamma " and gamma' phases, respectively.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU JAPAN INST METALS
PI SENDAI
PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN
BN 4-88903-401-3
PY 1999
BP 73
EP 76
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BP88D
UT WOS:000086479100013
ER
PT B
AU Turchi, PEA
Mayou, D
Julien, JP
AF Turchi, PEA
Mayou, D
Julien, JP
BE Koiwa, M
Otsuka, K
Miyazaki, T
TI Integrated quantum-mechanical approach to stability, chemical order and
phase evolution in complex alloys
SO JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 12, (JIMIC-3), PTS 1 AND 2:
SOLID - SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations (PTM 99)
CY MAY 24-28, 1999
CL KYOTO, JAPAN
SP Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Mat Sci Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Crystallog Soc Japan, Soc Polymer Sci, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Japan Soc Heat Treatment, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japan Welding Engn Soc, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn, Japan Soc Powder & Powder Met, Chinese Soc Met, Federat European Met Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Francaise Phys, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde E V, Inst Nazl Fisica Mat, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Inst Mat, Minerals Met & Mat Soc
DE electronic structure; LMTO-ASA; CPA; GPM; ECM; CVM; effective
interactions; stability; chemical order; phase diagram
AB We first briefly review and illustrate the application of a state-of-the art approach to the study of phase stability properties of substitutional alloys based on periodic lattices with the prediction of the phase diagram of Ta-W. Then, we schematically present a real-space approach based on electronic structure calculations for studying stability, chemical order and phase evolution in the case of multi-component alloys which exhibit both chemical order and topological disorder. Potential applications, and preliminary results will be discussed.
C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Turchi, PEA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-353,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAPAN INST METALS
PI SENDAI
PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN
BN 4-88903-401-3
PY 1999
BP 625
EP 628
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BP88D
UT WOS:000086479100137
ER
PT B
AU Vitek, JM
David, SA
AF Vitek, JM
David, SA
BE Koiwa, M
Otsuka, K
Miyazaki, T
TI Using neural networks to describe complex phase transformation behavior
SO JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 12, (JIMIC-3), PTS 1 AND 2:
SOLID - SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations (PTM 99)
CY MAY 24-28, 1999
CL KYOTO, JAPAN
SP Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Mat Sci Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Crystallog Soc Japan, Soc Polymer Sci, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Japan Soc Heat Treatment, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japan Welding Engn Soc, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn, Japan Soc Powder & Powder Met, Chinese Soc Met, Federat European Met Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Francaise Phys, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde E V, Inst Nazl Fisica Mat, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Inst Mat, Minerals Met & Mat Soc
DE computational analysis; constitution diagrams; Ferrite Number; neural
networks; stainless steels; welding
AB Final microstructures can often be the end result of a complex sequence of phase transformations. Fundamental analyses may be used to model various stages of the overall behavior but they are often impractical or cumbersome when considering multicomponent systems covering a wide range of compositions. Neural network analysis may be a useful alternative method of identifying and describing phase transformation behavior. A neural network model for ferrite prediction in stainless steel welds is described. It is shown that the neural network analysis provides valuable information that accounts for alloying element interactions. It is suggested that neural network analysis may be extremely useful for analysis when more fundamental approaches are unavailable or overly burdensome.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAPAN INST METALS
PI SENDAI
PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN
BN 4-88903-401-3
PY 1999
BP 741
EP 744
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BP88D
UT WOS:000086479100165
ER
PT B
AU Shapiro, SM
AF Shapiro, SM
BE Koiwa, M
Otsuka, K
Miyazaki, T
TI Neutron scattering studies of pre-transitional effects in solid-solid
phase transformations
SO JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 12, (JIMIC-3), PTS 1 AND 2:
SOLID - SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations (PTM 99)
CY MAY 24-28, 1999
CL KYOTO, JAPAN
SP Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Mat Sci Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Crystallog Soc Japan, Soc Polymer Sci, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Japan Soc Heat Treatment, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japan Welding Engn Soc, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn, Japan Soc Powder & Powder Met, Chinese Soc Met, Federat European Met Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Francaise Phys, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde E V, Inst Nazl Fisica Mat, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Inst Mat, Minerals Met & Mat Soc
DE Martensite; neutrons; lattice dynamics; phonons; phase transitions
ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NI2MNGA; ALLOYS
AB Neutron scattering studies have played a fundamental role in understanding solid-solid phase transformations, particularly in studying the lattice dynamical behavior associated with precursor effects. A review of the studies performed on solids exhibiting Martensitic transformations is given below. The mode softening and associated elastic diffuse scattering, previously observed in NiAl alloys, will be discussed as well as more recent work on Ni2MnGa, a system exhibiting magnetic order as well as a Martensitic transformation. Also, new results on the precursor effects in ordered and disordered FePt alloys will be presented.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Shapiro, SM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PU JAPAN INST METALS
PI SENDAI
PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN
BN 4-88903-401-3
PY 1999
BP 799
EP 806
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BP88D
UT WOS:000086479100177
ER
PT B
AU Saxena, A
Lookman, T
Shenoy, SR
Bishop, AR
AF Saxena, A
Lookman, T
Shenoy, SR
Bishop, AR
BE Koiwa, M
Otsuka, K
Miyazaki, T
TI Elastic compatibility, martensitic textures and weak plasticity
SO JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 12, (JIMIC-3), PTS 1 AND 2:
SOLID - SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations (PTM 99)
CY MAY 24-28, 1999
CL KYOTO, JAPAN
SP Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Mat Sci Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Crystallog Soc Japan, Soc Polymer Sci, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Japan Soc Heat Treatment, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japan Welding Engn Soc, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn, Japan Soc Powder & Powder Met, Chinese Soc Met, Federat European Met Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Francaise Phys, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde E V, Inst Nazl Fisica Mat, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Inst Mat, Minerals Met & Mat Soc
DE branched twins; external stress; edge dislocation; Ginzburg-Landau
simulation
ID DYNAMICS
AB We consider a model free energy for 2D martensitic transitions, that provides a unified understanding of various twin/tweed and branched twin textures in the presence of external stress. The free energy is a triple well potential in the deviatoric strains (order parameter). Random compositional fluctuations are gradient-coupled to the order parameter in a "local-stress" model. We find that the compatibility condition (linking various strain tensor components), together with local variations such as interfaces or compositional fluctuations, can drive the formation of global elastic textures, through long-range and anisotropic effective (deviatoric) strain interactions. Relaxational computer simulations using the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation show the spontaneous formation of twins, branched twins and tweed. We also study the effect of stress due to an edge dislocation.
C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAPAN INST METALS
PI SENDAI
PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN
BN 4-88903-401-3
PY 1999
BP 859
EP 862
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BP88D
UT WOS:000086479100187
ER
PT B
AU Babu, SS
David, SA
Vitek, JM
AF Babu, SS
David, SA
Vitek, JM
BE Koiwa, M
Otsuka, K
Miyazaki, T
TI Thermo-chemical-mechanical effects on microstructure development in
low-alloy steel welds
SO JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 12, (JIMIC-3), PTS 1 AND 2:
SOLID - SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations (PTM 99)
CY MAY 24-28, 1999
CL KYOTO, JAPAN
SP Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Mat Sci Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Crystallog Soc Japan, Soc Polymer Sci, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Japan Soc Heat Treatment, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japan Welding Engn Soc, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn, Japan Soc Powder & Powder Met, Chinese Soc Met, Federat European Met Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Francaise Phys, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde E V, Inst Nazl Fisica Mat, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Inst Mat, Minerals Met & Mat Soc
DE low-alloy steels; delta-ferrite; austenite; acicular ferrite; bainite;
and stress-relaxation
AB The effect of aluminum on the decomposition of delta ferrite to austenite was investigated in a low-alloy steel weld. In addition, the effect of inclusion composition on the transition from bainite to acicular ferrite during austenite decomposition was analyzed. Stress relaxation during decomposition of austenite to allotriomorphic and acicular ferrite was also characterized. Results from the above experiments illustrate the importance of thermomechanical effects on weld microstructure evolution.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Babu, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010
OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU JAPAN INST METALS
PI SENDAI
PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN
BN 4-88903-401-3
PY 1999
BP 1565
EP 1568
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BP88D
UT WOS:000086479100349
ER
PT B
AU Turchi, PEA
AF Turchi, PEA
BE Koiwa, M
Otsuka, K
Miyazaki, T
TI Focus group on atomistic and phase field simulations of materials
evolution and properties
SO JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 12, (JIMIC-3), PTS 1 AND 2:
SOLID - SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations (PTM 99)
CY MAY 24-28, 1999
CL KYOTO, JAPAN
SP Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Mat Sci Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Crystallog Soc Japan, Soc Polymer Sci, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Japan Soc Heat Treatment, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japan Welding Engn Soc, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn, Japan Soc Powder & Powder Met, Chinese Soc Met, Federat European Met Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Francaise Phys, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde E V, Inst Nazl Fisica Mat, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Inst Mat, Minerals Met & Mat Soc
C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Turchi, PEA (reprint author), LLNL, L-353,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAPAN INST METALS
PI SENDAI
PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN
BN 4-88903-401-3
PY 1999
BP 1671
EP 1673
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BP88D
UT WOS:000086479100376
ER
PT J
AU Murakami, Y
Hill, JP
Gibbs, D
Blume, M
Kawada, H
Koyama, I
Tanaka, M
Kawata, H
Arima, T
Moritomo, Y
Tokura, Y
Hirota, K
Endoh, Y
AF Murakami, Y
Hill, JP
Gibbs, D
Blume, M
Kawada, H
Koyama, I
Tanaka, M
Kawata, H
Arima, T
Moritomo, Y
Tokura, Y
Hirota, K
Endoh, Y
TI Direct observation of charge and orbital ordering by resonant X-ray
scattering
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF
COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials
Science (SRMS-2)
CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998
CL KOBE, JAPAN
SP Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst
DE charge-ordering; orbital-ordering; anomalous dispersion; resonant x-ray
scattering
ID FORBIDDEN REFLECTIONS; ANOMALOUS SCATTERING; LAMNO3; MAGNETORESISTANCE;
POLARIZATION; TRANSITION; BROMATE; FILMS
AB Charge and orbital ordering states of manganites have been observed directly by using synchrotron x-ray diffraction techniques. The alternating pattern of Mn3+ and Mn4+ in charge ordering state was elucidated by the anomalous dispersion method. The orbital ordering at Mn3+ sites is presented based on resonant x-ray scattering near Mn K-absorption edge. The scattering mechanism has been developed by considering the splitting of the Mn 4p levels due to the orbital ordering. The coupling among the charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom is discussed.
C1 High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
Core Res Evolut Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan.
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan.
Nagoya Univ, Ctr Intergrated Res Sci & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4640814, Japan.
Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
Joint Res Ctr Atom Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050046, Japan.
Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan.
RP High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
RI Arima, Taka-hisa/G-9217-2012; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009
NR 28
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS
PI TOKYO
PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO,
102-0073, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap.
PY 1999
VL 38
SU 1
BP 360
EP 364
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 240AT
UT WOS:000082804000089
ER
PT J
AU Sinha, SK
AF Sinha, SK
TI New developments in the application of synchrotron radiation to material
science
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES &
REVIEW PAPERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials
Science (SRMS-2)
CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998
CL KOBE, JAPAN
SP Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst
DE microfocusing; microbeams; microdiffraction; X-ray microscopy; residual
stress; coherence; photon correlation spectroscopy; polymer films;
magnetic roughness; CMR materials
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; DYNAMICS; FILMS;
FLUCTUATIONS; INTERFACES; BROMATE; MATTER
AB Recent developments in the application of synchrotron radiation to materials science are discussed, using techniques which exploit the high brilliance of the newer synchrotron sources, such as microbeam techniques and correlation spectroscopy. These include studies of environmental systems, residual stress, slow dynamics of condensed matter systems and studies of liquid surfaces and thin magnetic films.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Sinha, SK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 45
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS
PI MINATO-KU TOKYO
PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap.
PY 1999
VL 38
SU 1
BP 1
EP 7
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 240AT
UT WOS:000082804000002
ER
PT J
AU Hill, JP
Kao, CC
Von Zimmermann, M
Hamalainen, K
Huotari, S
Berman, LE
Caliebe, WAL
Hirota, K
Matsubara, M
Kotani, A
Peng, JL
Greene, RL
Tsukada, I
Masuda, T
Uchinokura, K
AF Hill, JP
Kao, CC
Von Zimmermann, M
Hamalainen, K
Huotari, S
Berman, LE
Caliebe, WAL
Hirota, K
Matsubara, M
Kotani, A
Peng, JL
Greene, RL
Tsukada, I
Masuda, T
Uchinokura, K
TI Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering from strongly correlated copper
oxides
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES &
REVIEW PAPERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials
Science (SRMS-2)
CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998
CL KOBE, JAPAN
SP Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst
DE resonant inelastic x-ray scattering; copper oxides; charge transfer
ID K-EDGE; ABSORPTION; ND2CUO4; SPECTRA
AB We report resonant inelastic x-ray scattering from Nd2CuO4 and two other copper oxides, YBa2Cu3O7-delta and CuGeO3. In each case an excitation of similar to 6 eV is observed when the incident photon energy is tuned through the Cu K-edge. Calculations for Nd2CuO4, based on the Anderson impurity model identify this as a charge transfer excitation to the antibonding state. For Nd2CuO4, the incident energy dependence of the inelastic intensity exhibits a single resonance at 8990 eV, corresponding to a <(1s)under bar>3d(0)4(kappa), intermediate state. The absence of a resonance associated with the <(1s)under bar>3d(0)(L) under bar 4p(kappa) intermediate state is attributed to non-local effects. Preliminary results from CuCeO3, which exhibit two resonances support this conclusion.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan.
Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Minato Ku, Tokyo 106, Japan.
Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
RP Hill, JP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RI Hamalainen, Keijo/A-3986-2010
OI Hamalainen, Keijo/0000-0002-9234-9810
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS
PI MINATO-KU TOKYO
PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap.
PY 1999
VL 38
SU 1
BP 118
EP 121
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 240AT
UT WOS:000082804000030
ER
PT J
AU You, H
Chu, YS
Lister, TE
Nagy, Z
AF You, H
Chu, YS
Lister, TE
Nagy, Z
TI Electrochemical interfaces of porous silicon and ruthenium dioxide
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES &
REVIEW PAPERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials
Science (SRMS-2)
CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998
CL KOBE, JAPAN
SP Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst
DE electrochemistry; surface x-ray scattering; porous silicon; ruthenium
dioxide; ultracapacitor
ID X-RAY-REFLECTIVITY; N-TYPE SILICON; TRANSMISSION GEOMETRY; ELECTRODES;
SCATTERING; SURFACE; GROWTH
AB Study of electrochemical interfaces of non-metallic electrodes with synchrotron x-ray scattering technique is reported. Our recent in situ investigation of porous silicon during anodic dissolution and of ruthenium dioxide single crystals under reduction/oxidation electrochemical potential cycles are given as examples. In both cases, we show that the structural aspects uncovered by the synchrotron x-ray scattering techniques suggest direct relations to their non-structural properties of importance; for the porous silicon, the relation between the luminescence and pore structures, and for the ruthenium oxide, the relation between the modification of surface structure and the energy storage mechanism.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP You, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RI You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011
OI You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483
NR 30
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS
PI MINATO-KU TOKYO
PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap.
PY 1999
VL 38
SU 1
BP 239
EP 244
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 240AT
UT WOS:000082804000060
ER
PT J
AU Hirai, A
Takemoto, K
Nishino, K
Niemann, B
Hettwer, M
Rudolph, D
Anderson, E
Attwood, D
Kern, DP
Nakayama, Y
Kihara, H
AF Hirai, A
Takemoto, K
Nishino, K
Niemann, B
Hettwer, M
Rudolph, D
Anderson, E
Attwood, D
Kern, DP
Nakayama, Y
Kihara, H
TI Transmission x-ray microscopy with 50 nm resolution installed at
Ritsumeikan Synchrotron Radiation Center
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES &
REVIEW PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
DE transmission x-ray microscopy; zone plate; Rits SR Center;
back-illuminated CCD
ID ZONE PLATES; RING
AB A transmission X-ray microscope having two zone plates has been developed at BL-12, Ritsumeikan Synchrotron Radiation Center (Rits SR Center). By incorporating a new: type of condenser zone plate (diameter 9 mm, zone number41,890; outermost zone width 53.7 nm) in the microscope, 50 nm resolution has been obtained from both knife edge test and star test pattern at a wavelength of 3.2 nm, and for diatoms, the 0.1 mu m inner structures have been clearly resolved.
C1 Ritsumeikan Univ, Dept Phys, Kusatsu, Shiga 5258577, Japan.
Kansai Med Univ, Phys Lab, Hirakata, Osaka 5731136, Japan.
Univ Gottingen, Forschungseinrichtung Rontgenphys, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Univ Tubingen, Inst Angew Phys, Tubingen 1, Germany.
RP Kihara, H (reprint author), Ritsumeikan Univ, Dept Phys, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 5258577, Japan.
EM fpc30013@se.ritsumei.ac.jp; kihara@makino.kmu.ac.jp
NR 21
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS
PI MINATO-KU TOKYO
PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 38
IS 1A
BP 274
EP 278
DI 10.1143/JJAP.38.274
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 182BA
UT WOS:000079477600059
ER
PT J
AU Tjeng, LH
Brookes, NB
Goedkoop, JB
Sinkovic, B
de Groot, FMF
Hesper, R
Altieri, S
Pellegrin, E
Tanaka, A
Hulbert, SL
Shekel, E
Hien, NT
Menovsky, AA
Sawatzky, GA
AF Tjeng, LH
Brookes, NB
Goedkoop, JB
Sinkovic, B
de Groot, FMF
Hesper, R
Altieri, S
Pellegrin, E
Tanaka, A
Hulbert, SL
Shekel, E
Hien, NT
Menovsky, AA
Sawatzky, GA
TI Study of magnetic materials using spin-resolved circularly-polarized
resonant photoemission
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES &
REVIEW PAPERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials
Science (SRMS-2)
CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998
CL KOBE, JAPAN
SP Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst
DE spin-resolved photoemission; soft-x-ray magnetic circular dichroism;
strongly correlated solids
ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CUO; CU2O; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DICHROISM; LA2CUO4;
HOLES
AB We have recently demonstrated that it is possible to obtain spin-resolved valence band spectra with a very high degree of spin polarization from macroscopically non-magnetic transition metal materials if the excitation light is circularly polarized and has an energy close to the cation 2p(3/2) (L-3) white line. Using the layered compound Sr2CuO2Cl2 as a test system, we report in this paper that the degree of spin polarization is strongly dependent on the transition metal 3d orbital orientation relative to the Poynting vector of the light.
C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA.
Hiroshima Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Mat Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan.
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, Solid State Phys Lab, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
RP Tjeng, LH (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, Solid State Phys Lab, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
RI Sawatzky, George/D-2997-2012; de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009
NR 20
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS
PI MINATO-KU TOKYO
PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap.
PY 1999
VL 38
SU 1
BP 344
EP 347
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 240AT
UT WOS:000082804000086
ER
PT J
AU Seve, L
Jaouen, N
Tonnerre, JM
Raoux, D
Arend, M
Felsch, W
Bartolome, F
Rogalev, A
Goulon, J
Chakarian, V
AF Seve, L
Jaouen, N
Tonnerre, JM
Raoux, D
Arend, M
Felsch, W
Bartolome, F
Rogalev, A
Goulon, J
Chakarian, V
TI 5d and 4f magnetic profiles in Ce/Fe multilayers probed by XRMS
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES &
REVIEW PAPERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials
Science (SRMS-2)
CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998
CL KOBE, JAPAN
SP Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst
DE magnetic scattering; magnetic profile; multilayers
ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; RAY; SCATTERING; CE
AB The element and electronic shelf specificities of x-ray resonant magnetic scattering have been used to investigate the induced magnetization of the 5d and 4f electronic states of Ce in a [Ce(10 Angstrom)/Fe(30 Angstrom)] x 100 multilayer. We show that the measurement of the magnetic contribution to the intensities diffracted at low angles at the L-2 and M-4 edge of the rare-earth allows to investigate the profile of the 5d and 4f magnetic polarisation across the rare-earth layer. The Ce 5d polarization is found to be oscillating across the Ce layer with a slow decrease from the interfaces with Fe towards the center of the layer. Preliminary results on the Ce 4f polarisation indicate a constant profile.
C1 CNRS, Cristallog Lab, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
Univ Grenoble 1, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 1, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany.
European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Seve, L (reprint author), CNRS, Cristallog Lab, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
RI Bartolome, Fernando/K-1700-2014
OI Bartolome, Fernando/0000-0002-0047-1772
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS
PI MINATO-KU TOKYO
PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap.
PY 1999
VL 38
SU 1
BP 385
EP 388
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 240AT
UT WOS:000082804000095
ER
PT J
AU Glover, CJ
Yu, KM
Ridgway, MC
Foran, GJ
AF Glover, CJ
Yu, KM
Ridgway, MC
Foran, GJ
TI Characterisation of ion-implantation-induced disorder in GaAs by EXAFS
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES &
REVIEW PAPERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials
Science (SRMS-2)
CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998
CL KOBE, JAPAN
SP Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst
DE GaAs; ion implantation; disorder; EXAFS
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; RAY ANOMALOUS SCATTERING; AMORPHOUS GAAS;
PROGRAM
AB The Ga and As local atomic environments in ion-implanted GaAs have been characterised with extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The accumulation of disorder prior to the onset of amorphisation has been investigated. For implantation at -188 degrees C, a heterogenous amorphisation process was identified and an increase in bondlength and Debye-Waller factor and a decrease in first-shell coordination number were observed. Analysis of the EXAFS data using the cumulant method revealed a monotonic increase in asymmetry in the interatomic distance distribution as a function of dose. Amorphised samples implanted to ion doses two orders of magnitude beyond the amorphisation threshold have also been studied and the structural parameters of amorphous GaAs were shown to be independent of implant conditions.
C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia.
RP Glover, CJ (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011
OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS
PI MINATO-KU TOKYO
PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap.
PY 1999
VL 38
SU 1
BP 548
EP 551
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 240AT
UT WOS:000082804000137
ER
PT J
AU Gog, T
AF Gog, T
TI Multiple-energy x-ray holography with atomic resolution
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES &
REVIEW PAPERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials
Science (SRMS-2)
CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998
CL KOBE, JAPAN
SP Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst
DE x-ray holography; electron holography
ID DIFFRACTION PATTERNS; PHOTOELECTRON HOLOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE HOLOGRAPHY;
ELECTRON; SCATTERING; IMAGES
AB Multiple-energy x-ray holography (MEXH) is a particular implementation of an x-ray holographic method capable of directly imaging atomic structures in the bulk, at surfaces and interfaces of solids. It utilizes an interference field generated by incident and scattered x-rays within the sample, then determines its strength at specific atomic sites from integral fluorescence yields. Scanning large portions of reciprocal space, a hologram is recorded, which can be converted to a real space image by Fourier transformation. Image aberrations that adversely affect results in single-energy techniques are successfully avoided in this novel multi-energy version.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, CMC, CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Gog, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, CMC, CAT, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS
PI MINATO-KU TOKYO
PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap.
PY 1999
VL 38
SU 1
BP 620
EP 624
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 240AT
UT WOS:000082804000154
ER
PT S
AU Chapin, SJ
Cirne, W
Feitelson, DG
Jones, JP
Leutenegger, ST
Schwiegelshohn, U
Smith, W
Talby, D
AF Chapin, SJ
Cirne, W
Feitelson, DG
Jones, JP
Leutenegger, ST
Schwiegelshohn, U
Smith, W
Talby, D
BE Feielson, DG
Rudolph, L
TI Benchmarks and standards for the evaluation of parallel job schedulers
SO JOB SCHEDULING STRATEGIES FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th Annual Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing
held in Conjunction with the IPPS/SPDP '99 Conference
CY APR 16, 1999
CL SAN JUAN, PR
SP IPPS, SPDP
ID TRACE-DRIVEN SIMULATION; WORKLOAD CHARACTERIZATION; PROCESSOR
ALLOCATION; SYSTEMS; METASYSTEMS; COMPUTER
AB The evaluation of parallel job schedulers hinges on the workloads used. It is suggested that this be standardized, in terms of both format and content, so as to ease the evaluation and comparison of different systems. The question remains whether this can encompass both traditional parallel systems and metacomputing systems.
This paper is based on a panel on this subject that was held at the workshop, and the ensuing discussion; its authors are both the panel members and participants from the audience. Naturally, not all of us agree with all the opinions expressed here...
C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Comp Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MRJ Technol Solut, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
Univ Denver, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
Univ Dortmund, Comp Engn Inst, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Chapin, SJ (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
EM chapin@cs.virginia.edu; walfredo@cs.ucsd.edu; feit@cs.huji.ac.il;
jjones@nas.nasa.gov; leut@cs.du.edu; uwe@ds.e-technik.uni-dortmund.de;
wsmith@mcs.anl.gov; davidt@cs.huji.ac.il
NR 63
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 3-540-66676-1
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 1999
VL 1659
BP 67
EP 90
PG 24
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BR52F
UT WOS:000166710400004
ER
PT S
AU Smith, W
Taylor, V
Foster, I
AF Smith, W
Taylor, V
Foster, I
BE Feielson, DG
Rudolph, L
TI Using run-time predictions to estimate queue wait times and improve
scheduler performance
SO JOB SCHEDULING STRATEGIES FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING
SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th Annual Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing
held in Conjunction with the IPPS/SPDP '99 Conference
CY APR 16, 1999
CL SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO
SP IPPS, SPDP
AB On many computers, a request to run a job is not serviced immediately but instead is placed in a queue and serviced only when resources are released by preceding jobs. In this paper, we build on runtime prediction techniques that we developed in previous research to explore two problems. The first problem is to predict how long applications will wait in a queue until they receive resources. We develop runtime estimates that result in more accurate wait-time predictions than other run-time prediction techniques. The second problem we investigate is improving scheduling performance. We use run-time predictions to improve the performance of the least-work-first and backfill scheduling algorithms. We find that using our run-time predictor results in lower mean wait times for the workloads with higher offered loads and for the backfill scheduling algorithm.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
RP Smith, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 13
TC 47
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 3-540-66676-1
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 1999
VL 1659
BP 202
EP 219
PG 18
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BR52F
UT WOS:000166710400011
ER
PT J
AU Mataya, MC
AF Mataya, MC
TI Simulating microstructural evolution during the hot working of alloy 718
SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; STRENGTH; STRAIN
AB The simulation of microstructural evolution during the primary breakdown of production-sized alloy 718 ingots and billets by radial forging was accomplished in the laboratory via multiple-stroke axial compression testing of cylindrical specimens. The dwell or hold time between strokes was varied to simulate the deformation-time history for three different locations along the radial-forging work piece: lead-end, mid-length, and tail-end positions. The microstructural evolution varied with simulated work piece position. Static, rather than dynamic, recrystallization was responsible for the observed grain-size refinement, and its repetitive occurrence during consecutive dwell periods resulted in the maintenance of a fine-grain microstructure during multiple-stroke deformation sequences. For comparison, the total plastic strain was also applied in a single-stroke test. The single- and multiple-stroke techniques gave differing microstructural results, indicating that multiple-stroke testing is necessary in modeling microstructural evolution during primary breakdown.
C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Adv Steel Proc & Prod Res Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Mataya, MC (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Adv Steel Proc & Prod Res Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 22
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 1047-4838
J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S
JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 51
IS 1
BP 18
EP 26
DI 10.1007/s11837-999-0006-x
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy;
Mining & Mineral Processing
GA 157RZ
UT WOS:000078076600003
ER
PT J
AU Kent, MS
McNamara, WF
Fein, DB
Domeier, LA
Wong, APY
AF Kent, MS
McNamara, WF
Fein, DB
Domeier, LA
Wong, APY
TI Water adsorption in interfacial silane layers by neutron reflection: 1.
Silane finish on silicon wafers
SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION
LA English
DT Article
DE water adsorption; interfacial water; silane coupling agents;
hygrothermal conditioning; interpenetration of resin and silane; neutron
reflection; durability
ID COUPLING AGENT
AB The interaction of water with a common commercial glass cloth silane finish is explored by neutron reflection. The silane coating is applied to the oxide surfaces of polished silicon wafers. Detailed profiles of D2O within the similar to 80 Angstrom silane finish layers are measured after exposure for 48 hours to a saturated D2O atmosphere at either 22 degrees C or 80 degrees C. The nature of the interaction of D2O with the finish layer is probed by exposing the samples to vacuum following adsorption. In both samples, the profile of adsorbed D2O is composed of at least two distinct layers: a thin (< 30 Angstrom) D2O-rich layer adjacent to the interface, and the bulk of the film in which only a low level of D2O is present. The amount of adsorbed D2O is greater for the sample conditioned at 80 degrees C than for the sample conditioned at 22 degrees C. In addition, adsorbed D2O within the interfacial layer is removed more slowly during evacuation for the sample conditioned at 80 degrees C than for the sample conditioned at 22 degrees C. These latter two results are interpreted as indicating increased hydrolysis of siloxane bonds for the samples conditioned at 80 degrees C. Surprisingly, after several months in vacuum the remaining D2O redistributes within the layer, accumulating within a very thin layer at the interface in both samples. The nature of this redistribution is not understood.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Kent, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
NR 11
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 5
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 0021-8464
J9 J ADHESION
JI J. Adhes.
PY 1999
VL 69
IS 1-2
BP 121
EP 138
DI 10.1080/00218469908015922
PG 18
WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 188MW
UT WOS:000079851600008
ER
PT J
AU Kent, MS
McNamara, WF
Baca, PM
Wright, W
Domeier, LA
Wong, APY
Wu, WL
AF Kent, MS
McNamara, WF
Baca, PM
Wright, W
Domeier, LA
Wong, APY
Wu, WL
TI Water adsorption in interfacial silane layers by neutron reflection: 2.
Epoxy plus silane finish on silicon wafers
SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION
LA English
DT Article
DE water adsorption; interfacial water; silane coupling agents;
hygrothermal conditioning; interpenetration of resin and silane; neutron
reflection; durability
AB The interaction of water with an interphase composed of a common commercial glass cloth silane finish and an epoxy resin is explored by neutron reflection. The silane finish was applied to the oxide surfaces of polished silicon wafers. The epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with dicyandiamide curing agent) was then roll-coated over the silane finish and cured. Profiles of D2O in the interphase were measured by neutron reflection after varying periods of exposure to air saturated with D2O at 22 degrees C and at 80 degrees C. A significant uptake of D2O into the interphase region is observed after exposure at 80 degrees C for 3 days. The D2O profile in the interphase can be described by a two-layer model composed of a thin (similar to 15 Angstrom) layer with similar to 50 vol% D2O next to the silicon oxide surface and a second layer corresponding to the remainder of the silane-epoxy mixed layer with a much lower D2O level. No excess D2O is detected (detection limit similar to 3%) in the interface region under the same conditions if the silane finish is not present. For samples conditioned at 22 degrees C, no D2O is detected in the silane interphase after exposure for 18 days, but a significant uptake is observed after exposure for 6 months. The profile in the latter case can again be described by a two-layer model with a thin D2O-rich layer near the silicon oxide surface. The nature of the interaction of D2O with the interphase is further probed by exposing samples to vacuum following humidity conditioning. After evacuation for similar to 1 month, near complete removal of interfacial water is observed for samples conditioned at 80 degrees C for 3 days and also at 22 degrees C for 6 months. These observations are interpreted in terms of a reversible chemical interaction (hydrolysis) between water and the silane finish.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kent, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
NR 8
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 4
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 0021-8464
J9 J ADHESION
JI J. Adhes.
PY 1999
VL 69
IS 1-2
BP 139
EP 163
DI 10.1080/00218469908015923
PG 25
WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 188MW
UT WOS:000079851600009
ER
PT J
AU Netravali, AN
Caceres, JM
Thompson, MO
Renk, TJ
AF Netravali, AN
Caceres, JM
Thompson, MO
Renk, TJ
TI Surface modification of ultra-high strength polyethylene fibers for
enhanced adhesion to epoxy resins using intense pulsed high-power ion
beam
SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE surface modification; ultra-high strength polyethylene fibers; intense
pulsed high-power ion beam; adhesion; fiber/matrix interface; surface
energy; wettability
ID ALLYLAMINE PLASMA DEPOSITION; AMMONIA PLASMA; POLYMER DEPOSITION; FORMED
POLYMERS; GRAPHITE FIBERS; UHSPE FIBERS; INTERFACE; PEEK
AB The effects of intense pulsed high power ion beam (HPIB) treatment of ultra-high strength polyethylene (UHSPE) fibers on the fiber/epoxy resin interface strength were studied. For this study. argon ions were used to treat Spectra(TM) 1000 (UHSPE) fibers in vacuum. Chemical and topographical changes of the fiber surfaces were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); dynamic wettability measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fiber/epoxy resin interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was evaluated by the single fiber pull-out test. The FTIR-ATR and XPS data indicate that oxygen was incorporated onto the fiber surface as a result of the HPIB treatment. The wettability data indicate that the fibers became more polar after HPIB treatment and also more wettable. Although the total surface energy increased only slightly after treatment, the dispersive component decreased significantly while the acid-base component increased by a similar amount. SEM photomicrographs revealed that the surface roughness of the fibers increased following the HPIB treatment. The single fiber pull-out test results indicate that HPIB treatment significantly improved the IFSS of UHSPE fibers with epoxy resin. This enhancement in IFSS is attributed to increased roughness of the fiber surface resulting in mechanical bonding and in increased interface area, increased polar nature and wettability, and an improvement in the acid-base component of the surface energy after the HPIB treatment.
C1 Cornell Univ, Fiber Sci Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Netravali, AN (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Fiber Sci Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RI Caceres, Jose/M-2820-2014;
OI Caceres, Jose/0000-0003-0426-0232; Thompson, Michael/0000-0002-4933-009X
NR 26
TC 15
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 7
PU VSP BV
PI ZEIST
PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-4243
J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL
JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol.
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 11
BP 1331
EP 1342
DI 10.1163/156856199X00235
PG 12
WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 262FW
UT WOS:000084055800007
ER
PT J
AU Ingber, MS
Womble, DE
Geller, AS
Rader, DJ
Mondy, LA
AF Ingber, MS
Womble, DE
Geller, AS
Rader, DJ
Mondy, LA
TI Boundary element method calculations of the mobility of nonspherical
particles - 3. Parallel implementation for long chains
SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID STOKES-FLOW
AB A boundary element formulation for implementation on computers with massively parallel architecture, which allows calculation of particle drag and torque for particle agglomerates, is described. Shape factors for long, linear chains of spheres translating through a quiescent fluid are calculated. These calculations show that the correlation presented in an earlier paper (Geller et al., 1993), which was based on boundary element results for much shorter chains, continues to hold for chains of up to 700 constituent spheres; and, as expected, the slender body results, also presented by Geller and coworkers (1993), more closely agree with the numerical results for these longer chains. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Mondy, LA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0021-8502
J9 J AEROSOL SCI
JI J. Aerosol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 30
IS 1
BP 127
EP 130
DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(98)00028-7
PG 4
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 133EY
UT WOS:000076674700011
ER
PT J
AU Dobson, FS
Risch, TS
Murie, JO
AF Dobson, FS
Risch, TS
Murie, JO
TI Increasing returns in the life history of Columbian ground squirrels
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE increasing returns; life history; path analysis; reproductive effort;
Spermophilus
ID NUTRIENT-RESERVE DYNAMICS; CLUTCH-SIZE; SEASONAL DECLINE; LITTER SIZE;
BIRTH-DATE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PATH-ANALYSIS; BODY-MASS;
SPERMOPHILUS-COLUMBIANUS; TAMIASCIURUS-HUDSONICUS
AB 1. We examined positive associations and trade-offs of maternal and reproductive traits in a population of Columbian ground squirrels, Spermophilus columbianus.
2. Structural size, body condition, mother's personal allocation to body mass during reproduction, and timing of littering were estimated for live-trapped reproductive females that were observed during an 8-year period, and were compared to litter mass, litter size, and average pup mass using path analyses.
3. Mothers exhibited age-structured traits that influenced reproductive patterns. Yearling mothers were significantly smaller, bred later, and had smaller litters than older females. Mothers that gained more body mass during reproduction and older mothers in good body condition that were structurally large had larger litters.
4. Early seasonal timing of littering was an important positive influence on successful reproduction by older mothers only in early breeding seasons and in years when conditions for reproduction were good for all females.
5. The number of offspring that survived to 1 year of age was most strongly associated with litter mass and litter size; date of breeding was of secondary influence, with earlier litters exhibiting greater success.
6. In general, mothers that gained the most in body mass during reproduction were concurrently more successful in weaning large litters (perhaps due to better quality of foraging habitat).
7. In addition to expected reproductive trade-offs, reproduction by Columbian ground squirrels exhibited positive associations of life-history traits that may reflect evolutionary increasing returns.
C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Zool & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA.
Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
RP Dobson, FS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Zool, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RI Murie, Jan/F-3663-2014
NR 102
TC 68
Z9 71
U1 4
U2 17
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-8790
J9 J ANIM ECOL
JI J. Anim. Ecol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 68
IS 1
BP 73
EP 86
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00268.x
PG 14
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 186VG
UT WOS:000079750400007
ER
PT J
AU Porch, W
Borys, R
Durkee, P
Gasparovic, R
Hooper, W
Hindman, E
Nielsen, K
AF Porch, W
Borys, R
Durkee, P
Gasparovic, R
Hooper, W
Hindman, E
Nielsen, K
TI Observations of ship tracks from ship-based platforms
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUDS
AB Ship-based measurements in June 1994 provided information about ship-track clouds and associated atmospheric environment observed from below cloud levels that provide a perspective different from satellite and aircraft measurements. Surface measurements of latent and sensible heat fluxes, sea surface temperatures, and meteorological profiles with free and tethered balloons provided necessary input conditions for models of ship track formation and maintenance. Remote sensing measurements showed a coupling of ship plume dynamics and entrainment into overlaying clouds. Morphological and dynamic effects were observed on clouds unique to the ship tracks. These morphological changes included lower cloud bases early in the ship-track formation, evidence of raised cloud bases in more mature tracks, sometimes higher cloud tops, thin cloud-free regions paralleling the tracks, and often stronger radar returns. The ship-based lidar aerosol measurements revealed that ship plumes often interacted with the overlying clouds in an intermittent rather than continuous manner. These observations imply that more must be learned about ship-track dynamics before simple relations between cloud condensation nuclei and cloud brightness can be developed.
C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA.
USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA.
RP Porch, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, D-407, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM wporch@lanl.gov
NR 17
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 38
IS 1
BP 69
EP 81
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0069:OOSTFS>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 157HC
UT WOS:000078054700006
ER
PT J
AU Kuritz, T
AF Kuritz, T
TI Cyanobacteria as agents for the control of pollution by pesticides and
chlorinated organic compounds
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT SfAM Symposium on Aquatic Microbiology
CY JUL, 1998
CL UNIV LANCASTER, LANCASTER, ENGLAND
HO UNIV LANCASTER
ID FILAMENTOUS CYANOBACTERIA; ANACYSTIS-NIDULANS; RICE FIELDS; SHORT-TERM;
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; BIODEGRADATION; HERBICIDES; ECOSYSTEM; SOIL;
DECHLORINATION
AB Cyanobacteria are phototrophic aquatic micro-organisms that are found in a variety of environments, including polluted ones. Fifteen strains of cyanobacteria that belong to three taxonomic groups are able to degrade lindane (lambda-hexachlorocyclohexane, a recalcitrant pesticide). The initial degradation pathway has been studied in two filamentous nitrogen-fixing strains of Anabaena sp, PCC 7120 and Nostoc ellipsosporum. These cyanobacteria dechlorinated loindane first to pentachlorocyclohexene and then to a mixutre of trichlorobenzenes, and possibly further. Lindane dechlorination by these organisms occurred only in the presence of nitrate in the medium. Both ammonium and darkness inhibited the process. This combination of observations led us to the hypothesis that the nitrate-reduction system of cyanobacteria may be involved in dechlorination,
The hypothesis was proven by the analysis of Anabaena sp. transpositional mutants in four genes of the nil operon, The mutants were unable to dechlorinate lindane. However, there was no correlation between lindane dechlorination and activities of individual proteins encoded by this operon. Genetic engineering of Anabaena sp. and N. ellipsosporum that introduced linA lindane dechlorination operon from Psuedomonas paucimobilis allowed us to uncouple dechlorination from nitrate requirement.
Introduction, by genetic engineering, of fcABC (the 4-chlorobenzoate dechlorination system from Arthrobacter globiformis) to Anabaena sp, and N, ellipsosporum rendered these strains newly capable of 4-chlorobenzoate dechlorination both constitutively and inducible by an environmental factor.
C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
RP Kuritz, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS 6480,1060 Commerce Pk, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
NR 49
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1364-5072
J9 J APPL MICROBIOL
JI J. Appl. Microbiol.
PY 1999
VL 85
SU S
BP 186S
EP 192S
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 208MM
UT WOS:000080995200023
ER
PT J
AU Mattila, T
Zunger, A
AF Mattila, T
Zunger, A
TI Predicted bond length variation in wurtzite and zinc-blende InGaN and
AlGaN alloys
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; RANDOM SOLID-SOLUTIONS; ATOMIC-SCALE
STRUCTURE; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; TERNARY ALLOYS;
GA1-XINXAS
AB Valence force field simulations utilizing large supercells are used to investigate the bond lengths in wurtzite and zinc-blende InxGa1-xN and AlxGa1-xN random alloys. We find that (i) while the first-neighbor cation-anion shell is split into two distinct values in both wurtzite and zinc-blende alloys (RGa-N1 not equal RIn-N1), the second-neighbor cation-anion bonds are equal (RGa-N2 = RIn-N2). The second-neighbor cation-anion bonds exhibit a crucial difference between wurtzite and zinc-blende binary structures: in wurtzite we find two bond distances which differ in length by 13% while in the zinc-blende structure there is only one bond length. This splitting is preserved in the alloy, and acts as a fingerprint, distinguishing the wurtzite from the zinc-blende structure. (iii) The small splitting of the first-neighbor cation-anion bonds in the wurtzite structure due to nonideal c/a ratio is preserved in the alloy, but is obscured by the bond length broadening. (iv) The cation-cation bond lengths exhibit three distinct values in the alloy (Ga-Ga, Ga-In, and In-In), while the anion-anion bonds are split into two values corresponding to N-Ga-N and N-In-N. (v) The cation-related splitting of the bonds and alloy broadening are considerably larger in InGaN alloy than in AlGaN alloy due to larger mismatch between the binary compounds. (vi) The calculated first-neighbor cation-anion and cation-cation bond lengths in InxGa1-xN alloy are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The remaining bond lengths are provided as predictions. In particular, the predicted splitting for the second-neighbor cation-anion bonds in the wurtzite structure awaits experimental testing. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)09601-2].
C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Mattila, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013
NR 22
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 3
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 85
IS 1
BP 160
EP 167
DI 10.1063/1.369463
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 148DM
UT WOS:000077489200022
ER
PT J
AU Terry, J
Linford, MR
Wigren, C
Cao, RY
Pianetta, P
Chidsey, CED
AF Terry, J
Linford, MR
Wigren, C
Cao, RY
Pianetta, P
Chidsey, CED
TI Alkyl-terminated Si(111) surfaces: A high-resolution, core level
photoelectron spectroscopy study
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION;
ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SILICON SURFACES; DIETHYLSILANE; ORIENTATION;
SI(100)
AB The bonding of alkyl monolayers to Si(111) surfaces has been studied with high-resolution core level photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Two very different wet-chemical methods have been used to prepare the alkyl monolayers: (i) Olefin insertion into the H-Si bond of the H-Si(111) surface, and (ii) replacement of Cl on the Cl-Si(111) surface by an alkyl group from an alkyllithium reagent. In both cases, PES has revealed a C 1s component shifted to lower binding energy and a Si 2p component shifted to higher binding energy. Both components are attributed to the presence of a C-Si bond at the interface. Along with photoelectron diffraction data [Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1056, (1997)], these data are used to show that these two synthetic methods can be used to functionalize the Si(111) surface. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)00324- 7].
C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
RP Terry, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
NR 23
TC 158
Z9 158
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 85
IS 1
BP 213
EP 221
DI 10.1063/1.369473
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 148DM
UT WOS:000077489200030
ER
PT J
AU Main, C
Zollondz, JH
Reynolds, S
Gao, W
Bruggemann, R
Rose, MJ
AF Main, C
Zollondz, JH
Reynolds, S
Gao, W
Bruggemann, R
Rose, MJ
TI Investigation of collection efficiencies much larger than unity in a-Si
: H p-i-n structures
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SCHOTTKY BARRIERS; GREATER
AB An apparent quantum efficiency much larger than unity is observed under reverse bias voltage conditions, in hydrogenated amorphous silicon p-i-n structures. High collection efficiencies are measured for low-level probe illumination of the device n side with red light, with simultaneous bias illumination from the device p side with strongly absorbed blue light. The photogating effect responsible varies experimentally with reverse bias voltage, and collection efficiencies for the probe excitation of up to 50 are obtained. Detailed computer simulations corroborate such high values of quantum efficiency and the underlying mechanisms for the effect are revealed. We present the influence on quantum efficiency of bias light wavelength and photon flux, probe light photon flux, applied voltage, and defect density. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)01801-0].
C1 Univ Abertay Dundee, Sch Sci & Engn, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland.
Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
Univ Oldenburg, Fachbereich Phys, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
Univ Dundee, Dept Appl Phys & Elect & Mfg Engn, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland.
RP Main, C (reprint author), Univ Abertay Dundee, Sch Sci & Engn, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland.
RI Reynolds, Steve/A-1583-2009
OI Reynolds, Steve/0000-0002-1514-6382
NR 12
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 85
IS 1
BP 296
EP 301
DI 10.1063/1.369444
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 148DM
UT WOS:000077489200043
ER
PT J
AU Misra, A
Hundley, MF
Hristova, D
Kung, H
Mitchell, TE
Nastasi, M
Embury, JD
AF Misra, A
Hundley, MF
Hristova, D
Kung, H
Mitchell, TE
Nastasi, M
Embury, JD
TI Electrical resistivity of sputtered Cu/Cr multilayered thin films
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCRYSTALLINE CHROMIUM FILMS; CU; NB; COMPOSITES; RESISTANCE;
STRENGTH; STRESS
AB Parallel (in-plane) electrical resistivities of single-layered Cu and Cr films, and Cu/Cr multilayered thin films sputter deposited on Si substrates were evaluated as a function of layer thicknesses ranging from 2.5 to 150 nm in the temperature range of 4-325 K. The resistivity of the multilayers at a given temperature increased and residual resistivity ratio decreased with decreasing layer thicknesses. At 300 K, the resistivity of a 1 mu m thick Cu film was approximately equal to the bulk value, but the resistivity of the Cr film was an order of magnitude higher than that of bulk Cr. The microstructures of the multilayers and the single-layered Cu and Cr thin films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. For layer thicknesses ranging from 2.5 to 150 nm, the multilayers exhibited sharp, planar interfaces between the two phases. The individual Cu and Cr layers were nanocrystalline with near-equiaxed grains in Cu and columnar grains in Cr. The dependence of electrical resistivity on the layer thickness of multilayers is explained using a model that accounts for interface scattering and thin-film resistivities of polycrystalline Cu and Cr. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)06201-5].
C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Misra, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012
NR 24
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 85
IS 1
BP 302
EP 309
DI 10.1063/1.369446
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 148DM
UT WOS:000077489200044
ER
PT J
AU von Rottkay, K
Rubin, M
Duine, PA
AF von Rottkay, K
Rubin, M
Duine, PA
TI Refractive index changes of Pd-coated magnesium lanthanide switchable
mirrors upon hydrogen insertion
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB The optical effect upon insertion of hydrogen into Pd-coated magnesium lanthanide switchable mirrors is investigated in terms of the changes of their complex refractive indices. A significant change in the optical constants of LnMg layers is seen between the as-deposited state and the dehydrided state after one cycle. Furthermore, the optical effect of switching the Pd cap layer to a PdH cap layer was determined. It is shown that the Pd layer mainly limits the visible transmittance of the hydrided stack to about 35%-40%. Whereas the extinction coefficient of dehydrided LnMg layers at 550 nm is between 2.2 and 3.1, it is as low as 10(-4) in the transparent state. This is of great promise to applications requiring large optical contrast (e. g., optical switches). (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)05101- 4].
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Philips Res Labs, NL-5656 AA Eindhoven, Netherlands.
RP von Rottkay, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 8
TC 74
Z9 74
U1 2
U2 17
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 85
IS 1
BP 408
EP 413
DI 10.1063/1.369399
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 148DM
UT WOS:000077489200062
ER
PT J
AU Bullock, AB
Bolton, PR
AF Bullock, AB
Bolton, PR
TI Laser-induced back ablation of aluminum thin films using picosecond
laser pulses
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL; DEPOSITION; TARGETS
AB A study of laser-induced back ablation of aluminum thin film targets with picosecond laser pulses is reported. Ablated plume edge velocities are studied as a function of film thickness, laser pulse width, and incident laser fluence. Edge velocity results are compared to a model of total transmitted fluence incident at the substrate/film interface. A model including laser-induced avalanche ionization and multiphoton ionization mechanisms in the substrate shows a transmitted fluence limit which is consistent with observed edge velocity limits. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)01824- 6].
C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Bullock, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
NR 13
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 85
IS 1
BP 460
EP 465
DI 10.1063/1.369393
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 148DM
UT WOS:000077489200071
ER
PT J
AU Heffelfinger, JR
Medlin, DL
McCarty, KF
AF Heffelfinger, JR
Medlin, DL
McCarty, KF
TI On the initial stages of AlN thin-film growth onto, 0001 oriented Al2O3
substrates by molecular beam epitaxy
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ALUMINUM NITRIDE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; BUFFER LAYER; SAPPHIRE; SURFACE;
SUBLIMATION; DIFFRACTION; ALPHA-AL2O3; MORPHOLOGY; DEPOSITION
AB Conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the initial stages of AlN thin-film growth. AlN films are deposited by molecular beam epitaxy onto annealed (0001) oriented alpha-Al2O3 (sapphire) substrates. During the initial stages of film growth (film thickness similar to 25 nm) AlN forms islands of varying alignment with the Al2O3 substrate. Some of the AlN islands are well aligned with the [11 (2) over bar 0]Aln parallel to[10 (1) over bar 0] Al2O3 and (0001) AlN parallel to(0001)Al2O3, which matches closed- packed planes and directions. Other islands exhibit either an alignment of one set of planes, i.e., grains are aligned with the (11 (0) over bar 1)AlN parallel to(11 (2) over bar 0) Al2O3, or are misaligned with respect to the Al2O3 substrate. As the AlN film grows in thickness (film thickness similar to 100 nm), the film becomes continuous, and the closed- packed planes and directions of the film and substrate are aligned for the majority of the film. Islands of AlN with an alignment other than this predominant orientation disturb the growth near the AlN/Al2O3 interface and create displacements along the [0001] AlN direction in overlying AlN grains. These misaligned AlN grains provide one source for the formation of planar defects in the epitaxial AlN films. The evolution of the AlN film microstructure and the reasons for the observed orientation relationships are discussed. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)00701-X].
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Heffelfinger, JR (reprint author), Hutchinson Technol, 40 W Highland Pk, Hutchinson, MN 55350 USA.
EM doug-medlin@sandia.gov
RI McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012
OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X
NR 26
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 85
IS 1
BP 466
EP 472
DI 10.1063/1.369409
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 148DM
UT WOS:000077489200072
ER
PT J
AU Falkenstein, Z
AF Falkenstein, Z
TI Effects of the O-2 concentration on the removal efficiency of volatile
organic compounds with dielectric barrier discharges in Ar and N-2
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SILENT-DISCHARGE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; GENERATION;
PLASMAS; ULTRAVIOLET; MIXTURES; OXYGEN
AB This article presents experimental results on the effects of the O-2 concentration on the removal efficiency of two exemplaric volatile organic compounds (VOCs): toluene (TOL) and trichloroethylene (TCE), with dielectric barrier discharges in dry Ar and N-2. For both carrier gases, there is an optimal oxygen concentration of 0.3% for the removal efficiency, suggesting optimal utilization of oxygen radicals for VOC attack, rather than ozone production which has slow reaction rates with TOL and TCE. This is manifested by measurements of ozone concentrations in mixtures of Ar/O-2/TCE as a function of the oxygen concentration, showing a minimum at maximal removal efficiencies. All results are discussed in terms of changes in the discharge behavior, radical formation, and chemical reaction pathways with changing O-2 concentration in the carrier gas. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)09001-5].
C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Falkenstein, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM falkenstein@lanl.gov
NR 33
TC 36
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 85
IS 1
BP 525
EP 529
DI 10.1063/1.369484
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 148DM
UT WOS:000077489200082
ER
PT J
AU Michalsky, J
Dutton, E
Rubes, M
Nelson, D
Stoffel, T
Wesley, M
Splitt, M
DeLuisi, J
AF Michalsky, J
Dutton, E
Rubes, M
Nelson, D
Stoffel, T
Wesley, M
Splitt, M
DeLuisi, J
TI Optimal measurement of surface shortwave irradiance using current
instrumentation
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE FLUXES; SATELLITE; CLOUDS; MODEL
AB Although most measurements of total downwelling shortwave irradiance are made with pyranometers, the World Climate Research Program's Baseline Surface Radiation Network has recommended the use of the summation of shortwave components in which the direct normal irradiance is measured and multiplied by the cosine of the solar zenith angle and then added to the diffuse horizontal irradiance measured by a pyranometer that is shaded from direct solar radiation by a disk. The nonideal angular response of most pyranometers limits their accuracy to about 3%, or 20-30 W m(-2), for instantaneous clear-sky measurements. An intensive study of 21 separate measurements of total horizontal irradiance was conducted during extreme winter conditions of low sun and cold temperatures over 12 days at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory. The experiment showed that the component sum methodology could lower the uncertainty by a factor of 2 or 3. A clear demonstration of this improvement was realized in a separate experiment conducted at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed site during April 1996. Four independent measurements of downwelling shortwave irradiance using the component sum technique showed typical differences at solar noon of about 10 W m(-2). The mean of these summed measurements at solar noon was lower than the mean of the most-well-calibrated pyranometer measurements, acquired simultaneously, by about 30 W m(-2), which is consistent with the typical angular response of many pyranometers.
C1 SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Univ Albany, Albany, NY 12203 USA.
NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Boulder, CO USA.
Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
NOAA, Surface Radiat Res Branch, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Michalsky, J (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Univ Albany, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA.
OI Splitt, Michael/0000-0002-7690-5100
NR 17
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 16
IS 1
BP 55
EP 69
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<0055:OMOSSI>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 160YU
UT WOS:000078261600005
ER
PT J
AU Wos, L
Pieper, GW
AF Wos, L
Pieper, GW
TI The hot list strategy
SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING
LA English
DT Article
DE automated reasoning programs; hot list strategy; OTTER
ID RESONANCE
AB Experimentation strongly suggests that, for attacking deep questions and hard problems with the assistance of an automated reasoning program, the more effective paradigms rely on the retention of deduced information. A significant obstacle ordinarily presented by such a paradigm is the deduction and retention of one or more needed conclusions whose complexity sharply delays their consideration. To mitigate the severity of the cited obstacle, I formulated and feature in this article the hat list strategy The hot list strategy asks the researcher to choose, usually from among the input statements characterizing the problem under study, one or more statements that are conjectured to play a key role for assignment completion. The chosen statements - conjectured to merit revisiting, again and again - are placed in an input list of statements, called the hot list. When an automated reasoning program has decided to retain a new conclusion C - before any other statement is chosen to initiate conclusion drawing - the presence of a nonempty hot list (with an appropriate assignment of the input parameter known as heat) causes each inference rule in use to be applied to C together with the appropriate number of members of the hot list. Members of the hot list are used to complete applications of inference rules and not to initiate applications. The use of the hot list strategy thus enables an automated reasoning program to briefly consider a newly retained conclusion whose complexity would otherwise prevent its use for perhaps many CPU-hours. To give evidence of the value of the strategy, I focus on four contexts: (1) dramatically reducing the CPU time required to reach a desired goal, (2) finding a proof of a theorem that had previously resisted all but the more inventive automated attempts, (3) discovering a proof that is more elegant than previously known, and (4) answering a question that had steadfastly eluded researchers relying on an automated reasoning program. I also discuss a related strategy, the dynamic hat list strategy (formulated by my colleague W McCune), that enables the program during a run to augment the contents of the hot list. In the Appendix, I give useful input files and interesting proofs. Because of frequent requests to do so, I include challenge problems to consider, commentary on my approach to experimentation and research, and suggestions to guide one in the use of McCune's automated reasoning program OTTER.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM wos@mcs.anl.gov; pieper@mcs.anl.gov
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-7433
J9 J AUTOM REASONING
JI J. Autom. Reasoning
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 22
IS 1
BP 1
EP 44
DI 10.1023/A:1005909914693
PG 44
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA 170HV
UT WOS:000078801000001
ER
PT J
AU Markillie, LM
Varnum, SM
Hradecky, P
Wong, KK
AF Markillie, LM
Varnum, SM
Hradecky, P
Wong, KK
TI Targeted mutagenesis by duplication insertion in the radioresistant
bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans: Radiation sensitivities of catalase
(katA) and superoxide dismutase (sodA) mutants
SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTREME RADIORESISTANCE; IONIZING-RADIATION; GENE DISRUPTION; REPAIR;
DNA; RESISTANCE; INDUCTION; PATHWAYS
AB Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is extremely resistant to both oxidative stress and ionizing radiation. A simple and general targeted mutagenesis method was developed to generate catalase (katA) and superoxide dismutase (sodA) mutants. Both mutants were shown to be more sensitive to ionizing radiation than the wild type.
C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Wong, KK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
OI Wong, Kwong-Kwok/0000-0002-0375-6669
NR 25
TC 92
Z9 98
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA
SN 0021-9193
J9 J BACTERIOL
JI J. Bacteriol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 181
IS 2
BP 666
EP 669
PG 4
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 157BX
UT WOS:000078040200041
PM 9882685
ER
PT J
AU Mingaleev, SF
Christiansen, PL
Gaididei, YB
Johansson, M
Rasmussen, KO
AF Mingaleev, SF
Christiansen, PL
Gaididei, YB
Johansson, M
Rasmussen, KO
TI Models for energy and charge transport and storage in biomolecules
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE bistability; long-range dispersion; bound state; anharmonic; nonlocal;
soliton
ID NONLINEAR MODEL; DNA DENATURATION; MOLECULAR CHAINS; ANHARMONIC
LATTICES; SOLITON DYNAMICS; WAVE PROPAGATION; LOCALIZED MODES;
EXCITATIONS; DISPERSION; MECHANISMS
AB Two models for energy and charge transport and storage in biomolecules are considered. A model based on the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation with long-range dispersive interactions (LRI's) between base pairs of DNA is offered for the description of nonlinear dynamics of the DNA molecule. We show that LRI's are responsible for the existence of an interval of bistability where two stable stationary states, a narrow, pinned state and a broad, mobile state, coexist at each value of the total energy. The possibility of controlled switching between pinned and mobile states is demonstrated. The mechanism could be important for controlling energy storage and transport in DNA molecules. Another model is offered for the description of nonlinear excitations in proteins and other anharmonic biomolecules. We show that in the highly anharmonic systems a bound state of Davydov and Boussinesq solitons can exist.
C1 Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, UA-252143 Kiev, Ukraine.
Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Math Modelling, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys & Measurement Technol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden.
Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; Christiansen, Peter /A-7978-2011; Johansson,
Magnus/G-7097-2011
OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; Christiansen, Peter
/0000-0002-1465-9987; Johansson, Magnus/0000-0001-6708-1560
NR 50
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 5
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0092-0606
J9 J BIOL PHYS
JI J. Biol. Phys.
PY 1999
VL 25
IS 1
BP 41
EP 63
DI 10.1023/A:1005152704984
PG 23
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 211XG
UT WOS:000081186700004
PM 23345687
ER
PT J
AU Liu, Q
Shen, BH
Chen, DJ
Chen, Y
AF Liu, Q
Shen, BH
Chen, DJ
Chen, Y
TI Letter to the Editor: Backbone resonance assignments of human UBC9
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR
LA English
DT Letter
DE UBC9; heteronuclear NMR; resonance assignments; ubiquitination
ID UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SYSTEM; PROTEINS
C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, DNA Damage & Repair Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Dept Cell & Tumor Biol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA.
RP Chen, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, DNA Damage & Repair Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM54190]
NR 10
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-2738
J9 J BIOMOL NMR
JI J. Biomol. NMR
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 1
BP 89
EP 90
DI 10.1023/A:1008364314328
PG 2
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy
GA 170JK
UT WOS:000078802400012
PM 10070749
ER
PT J
AU Budinger, T
Berson, A
McVeigh, E
Pettigrew, R
Pohost, G
Watson, J
Wickline, S
AF Budinger, T
Berson, A
McVeigh, E
Pettigrew, R
Pohost, G
Watson, J
Wickline, S
TI Magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiovascular system (Reprinted from
Radiology, vol 208, pg 573-576, 1998)
SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Natl Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA.
Jewish Hosp, St Louis, MO USA.
RP Berson, A (reprint author), NHLBI, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
NR 1
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA
SN 1097-6647
J9 J CARDIOV MAGN RESON
JI J. Cardiov. Magn. Reson.
PY 1999
VL 1
IS 1
BP 53
EP 58
DI 10.3109/10976649909080834
PG 6
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 278CQ
UT WOS:000084970700009
ER
PT J
AU Nandagopal, K
Terzaghi-Howe, M
Niyogi, SK
AF Nandagopal, K
Terzaghi-Howe, M
Niyogi, SK
TI Receptor recognition by histidine 16 of human epidermal growth factor
via hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor interactions
SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE cell proliferation; ligand receptor interaction; protein engineering;
rational design; tyrosine kinase
ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; FACTOR EGF MUTANT; FACTOR-ALPHA; TGF-ALPHA;
KINASE-ACTIVITY; BINDING; RESIDUES; EXPRESSION; AFFINITY; EXCHANGE
AB Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and human transforming growth factor alpha (hTGF alpha) are prototypical of structurally related polypeptide mitogens which interact with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Several determinants of receptor recognition that specify function have been proposed on the basis of structural criteria. This study evaluates the role of one such candidate, H16 of hEGF, by site-specific mutagenesis. When assayed for receptor tyrosine kinase stimulation using (Glu(4),Tyr(1))(n) as the exogenous substrate in vitro, the relative agonist activities of position 16 mutants range from 14-263% of wild-type hEGF. The rank order of potency was round to correlate with the relative receptor binding affinities of the mutants, which range from 7-272% of wild-type, as determined by radioreceptor competition assays. The mitogenic activity of the H16 mutants is similar to that of wild-type hEGF as determined by clonogenic assays using rat tracheal epithelial cells. While the colony forming efficiencies do not reflect significant differences in growth rate or survival characteristics in the presence of the hEGF variants, it is reduced to 1.6% in control cultures which lack EGF in the medium. The results show that H16 of hEGF, although not essential for mitogenic activity, optimizes receptor recognition by hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor interactions and may share this feature with H18 of hTGF alpha. J. Cell. Biochem, 72:16-24, 1999. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
Prot Engn & Mol Mutagenesis Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Niyogi, SK (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM niyogisk@bio.ornl.gov
NR 49
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0730-2312
J9 J CELL BIOCHEM
JI J. Cell. Biochem.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 72
IS 1
BP 16
EP 24
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19990101)72:1<16::AID-JCB3>3.0.CO;2-X
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 141NX
UT WOS:000077151000003
PM 10025663
ER
PT J
AU Cabarcos, OM
Weinheimer, CJ
Lisy, JM
Xantheas, SS
AF Cabarcos, OM
Weinheimer, CJ
Lisy, JM
Xantheas, SS
TI Microscopic hydration of the fluoride anion
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID N = 1-4; WATER CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO; MOLECULAR COMPLEXES;
BINDING-ENERGIES; ION COMPLEXES; LIQUID WATER; BASIS-SETS; SPECTROSCOPY;
SOLVATION
AB A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the step-wise hydration of the fluoride ion has been performed in order to characterize the details of its solvation at the microscopic level. The comparable anion-water and water-water interactions pose a challenging experimental/theoretical problem due to competing intermolecular forces in these small ionic clusters. Vibrational spectra of size-selected F-(H2O)(3-5) in the O-H stretching region, coupled with high level ab initio calculations, have been used to analyze the spectra and assign the structures of these species. The interaction between the fluoride anion and water plays the dominant role, resulting in internally solvated clusters. The microhydration of fluoride ion is thus qualitatively different from the other halide ions. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)04501-8].
C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Lisy, JM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, 1209 W Calif St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM j-lisy@uiuc.edu; sotiris.xantheas@pnl.gov
RI Cabarcos, Orlando/B-3795-2009; Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015;
OI Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037
NR 40
TC 163
Z9 163
U1 2
U2 20
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
EI 1089-7690
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 110
IS 1
BP 5
EP 8
DI 10.1063/1.478075
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 151AC
UT WOS:000077697900002
ER
PT J
AU Baranyai, A
Cummings, PT
AF Baranyai, A
Cummings, PT
TI Steady state simulation of planar elongation flow by nonequilibrium
molecular dynamics
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SHEAR-FREE FLOWS; VISCOSITIES; FLUIDS
AB We present a novel method for performing steady state nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of planar elongation flow based on the studies of Kraynik and Reinelt [Int. J. Multiphase Flow 18, 1045 (1992)]. These authors identified the orientation of the unit cell which leads to periodic behavior of the square lattice with the minimum period. This way the exponential deformation of the system periodically returns to a state where replacing some of the original particles with their images the initial state boundaries are recovered. We adopted their theoretical results to nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and performed representative calculations for simple fluids. The new method solves the long-standing problem of simulating planar elongation flow in the steady state. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)51901-6].
C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Theoret Chem, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary.
Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Baranyai, A (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Theoret Chem, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary.
RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013
OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216
NR 15
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 110
IS 1
BP 42
EP 45
DI 10.1063/1.478082
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 151AC
UT WOS:000077697900009
ER
PT J
AU Skurski, P
Gutowski, M
Simons, J
AF Skurski, P
Gutowski, M
Simons, J
TI Theoretical study of the dipole-bound anion (HPPH3)(-)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABINITIO ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; STATES; ENERGIES; DIPHOSPHINE;
NITROMETHANE; ENERGETICS; STABILITY; MOLECULES; COMPLEXES
AB The possibility of electron binding to the HPPH3 and H2PPH2 tautomers of diphosphine was studied at the coupled cluster level of theory with single, double, and noniterative triple excitations. The HPPH3 tautomer, with a dipole moment of 3.7 D, binds an electron by 333 cm(-1), whereas the H2PPH2 tautomer forms neither a dipole- nor valence-bound anionic state. It is suggested that the HPPH3 tautomer, which is kinetically stable but thermodynamically unstable relative to H2PPH2, may be formed by photodetachment from the P2H4- species examined in this work. An unusual aspect of the (HPPH3)(-) anion is that electron correlation contributes 82% to the electronic stability and effects beyond the fourth order of the Moller-Plesset perturbation theory contribute 55%. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)31201-0].
C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland.
Pacific NW Lab, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Simons, J (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
NR 58
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 110
IS 1
BP 274
EP 280
DI 10.1063/1.478062
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 151AC
UT WOS:000077697900036
ER
PT J
AU Evans, M
Stimson, S
Ng, CY
Hsu, CW
Jarvis, GK
AF Evans, M
Stimson, S
Ng, CY
Hsu, CW
Jarvis, GK
TI Rotationally resolved pulsed field ionization photoelectron study of
O-2(+)(B-2 Sigma(-)(g), (2)Sigma(-)(u); v(+) = 0-7) at 20.2-21.3 eV
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION THRESHOLD; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS;
ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PHOTOION COINCIDENCE;
CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; DISSOCIATION; STATES
AB We have obtained rotationally resolved pulsed field ionization photoelectron (PFI-PE) spectra of O