FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Golosov, DI Norman, MR Levin, K AF Golosov, DI Norman, MR Levin, K TI Some aspects of the theory of magnets with competing double exchange and superexchange interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GIANT-MAGNETORESISTANCE; KAGOME ANTIFERROMAGNET; ORDER; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; TRANSITION; MANGANITES AB In colossal magnetoresistance materials, ferromagnetic double exchange presumably coexists with a direct nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interaction. We construct a single-site mean-field theory that explicitly takes into account the different nature of carrier-mediated ferromagnetism vs Heisenberg-like superexchange. We find, in contrast to previous results in the literature, that the competition between these two exchange interactions leads to ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic order with incomplete saturation of the magnetization (or sublattice magnetization), rather than spin canting. The associated experimental implications are discussed. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Golosov, DI (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM golosov@franck.uchicago.edu RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 13 BP 8617 EP 8626 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.8617 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 125HU UT WOS:000076232100074 ER PT J AU Tomaselli, M deGraw, D Yarger, JL Augustine, MP Pines, A AF Tomaselli, M deGraw, D Yarger, JL Augustine, MP Pines, A TI Scalar and anisotropic J interactions in undoped InP: A triple-resonance NMR study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; J-CROSS-POLARIZATION; ROTATING FRAME; SOLIDS AB The heteronuclear J-coupling tensor between nearest neighbor P-31 and In-113 spins in undoped InP is investigated by means of In-113-->P-31 polarization transfer under rapid magic angle spinning (MAS). The scalar contribution can be measured directly and is found to have the value \J(iso)(P-31-In-113,In-115)\ = (225+/-10) Hz. The principal value of the traceless anisotropic J-coupling tensor (pseudodipolar coupling) is determined to be J(aniso)(P-31-In-113,In-115)= 2/3[J(parallel to)(P-31-In-113,In-115)-J(perpendicular to)(P-31-In-113,In-115)] = (813+/-50) or (1733+/-50) Hz, assuming axial symmetry with the principal axis parallel to the In-P bond. Our values deviate from those reported previously [M. Engelsberg and R. E. Norberg, Phys. Rev. B 5, 3395 (1972)] [based on a moment analysis of the P-31 resonance \J(iso)(31P-In-113,In-115)\ = 350 Hz and J(aniso)(P-31-In-113,In-115) = 1273 Hz], but confirm the postulate that the nearest neighbor P-31-In-113,In-115 magnetic dipolar and pseudodipolar interactions are of the same order of magnitude and partially cancel each other. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tomaselli, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yarger, Jeff/L-8748-2014 OI Yarger, Jeff/0000-0002-7385-5400 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 13 BP 8627 EP 8633 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.8627 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 125HU UT WOS:000076232100075 ER PT J AU Scheidl, S Lehnen, M AF Scheidl, S Lehnen, M TI XY models with disorder and symmetry-breaking fields in two dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION ARRAYS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; 2 DIMENSIONS; POSITIONAL DISORDER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GLASS MODEL; CRYSTALS; SURFACES; ABSENCE; SYSTEMS AB The combined effect of disorder and symmetry-breaking fields on the two-dimensional XY model is examined. The study includes disorder in the interaction among spins in the form of random phase shifts as well as disorder in the local orientation of the field. The phase diagrams are determined and the properties of the various phases and phase transitions are calculated. We use a renormalization-group approach in the Coulomb gas representation of the model. Our results differ from those obtained for special cases in previous works. In particular, we find a changed topology of the phase diagram that is composed of phases with long-range order, quasi-long-range order, and short-range order. The discrepancies can be ascribed to a breakdown of the fugacity expansion in the Coulomb gas representation. Implications for physical systems such as planar Josephson junctions and the faceting of crystal surfaces are discussed. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Scheidl, S (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 13 BP 8667 EP 8682 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.8667 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 125HU UT WOS:000076232100080 ER PT J AU Nachumi, B Fudamoto, Y Keren, A Kojima, KM Larkin, M Luke, GM Merrin, J Tchernyshyov, O Uemura, M Ichikawa, N Goto, M Takagi, H Uchida, S Crawford, MK McCarron, EM MacLaughlin, DE Heffner, RH AF Nachumi, B Fudamoto, Y Keren, A Kojima, KM Larkin, M Luke, GM Merrin, J Tchernyshyov, O Uemura, M Ichikawa, N Goto, M Takagi, H Uchida, S Crawford, MK McCarron, EM MacLaughlin, DE Heffner, RH TI Muon spin relaxation study of the stripe phase order in La1.6-xNd0.4SrxCuO4 and related 214 cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA2-XBAXCUO4; LA2-XSRXCUO4; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE; ROTATION; HOLES; SR; MAGNETIZATION AB We present zero-field muon spin relaxation (mu SR) measurements of La1.6-xNd0.4SrxCuO4 with x = 0.125,0.15,0.2; La1.475Nd0.4Ba0.125CuO4, La1.875Ba0.125CuO4, and La1.875Ba0.125-ySryCuO4 with y = 0.025,0.065. All of the samples with dopant concentrations x + y less than or equal to 0.15 show similar static magnetic order with coherent precession of the muon spins below T-N approximate to 30 K, with a T-->0 ordered Cu moment approximate to 0.3 mu(B). The samples with x=0.20 show no coherent precession but manifest two distinct relaxation regimes, typical of quasistatic magnetism. We then present transverse-field mu SR hysteresis measurements of the La1.45Nd0.4Sr0.15CuO4 and La1.4Nd0.4Sr0.2CuO4 systems that show a large superconducting response below approximately 7 K and 12 K, respectively. We argue that superconductivity and magnetic order coexist in the x=0.15 system. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nachumi, B (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010; OI Luke, Graeme/0000-0003-4762-1173 NR 39 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 13 BP 8760 EP 8772 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.8760 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 125HU UT WOS:000076232100089 ER PT J AU Widom, M Moriarty, JA AF Widom, M Moriarty, JA TI First-principles interatomic potentials for transition-metal aluminides. II. Application to Al-Co and Al-Ni phase diagrams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DECAGONAL QUASI-CRYSTAL; RICH COBALT COMPOUNDS; MONOCLINIC AL13CO4; STRUCTURAL MODEL; ORTHORHOMBIC AL3CO; APPROXIMANT; ALLOYS; SYSTEM AB Aluminum-rich intermetallic compounds and alloys are important for their technological applications and scientifically interesting for their complex structures such as quasicrystals. Detailed knowledge of interatomic interactions can help explain structural and mechanical properties of these systems. The first paper of this series [Phys. Rev. B 56, 7905 (1997)] derived first-principles interatomic potentials for alloys of aluminum with first row transition metals from generalized pseudopotential theory (GPT). This paper assesses the ability of those potentials to reproduce and elucidate the binary alloy phase diagrams of Al1-xCox and Al1-xNix. When the full theory is taken into account, we successfully reproduce the phase diagrams up to x = 0.3. While many of the general features of the phase diagrams can be obtained with x = 0 GPT pair potentials alone, the volume and composition-dependence of the total energy become important by x = 0.25. In addition, for certain complex structures, we introduce partial aluminum occupancy and demonstrate its importance. At high transition-metal concentration x > 0.25, we must further include three- and four-body transition-metal interactions to account for the stability of Al5Co2 in the Al1-xCox phase diagram. [S0163-1829(98)06538-2]. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Widom, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Widom, Michael/P-2531-2014 OI Widom, Michael/0000-0001-5972-5696 NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 14 BP 8967 EP 8979 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.8967 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 129WH UT WOS:000076486700024 ER PT J AU Nakotte, H Robinson, RA Purwanto, A Tun, Z Prokes, K Bruck, E de Boer, FR AF Nakotte, H Robinson, RA Purwanto, A Tun, Z Prokes, K Bruck, E de Boer, FR TI Antiferromagnetism and domain effects in UPdSn SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION AB Neutron-diffraction experiments have been performed on a single crystal of the hexagonal noncollinear antiferromagnetic compound UPdSn as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The use of a special horizontal-field magnet (with very wide horizontal access to the neutron beams) has allowed the study of the principal magnetic Bragg reflections in all three antiferromagnetic domain pairs throughout the magnetic phase diagram for B<3 T and T>6 K. The data confirm a picture in which one domain pair (1) grows at the expense of the other two domain pairs (2 and 3), for fields along the [100] axis for domain . On the other hand, if the field is applied along the perpendicular axis, [010] for domain 1, the other two domains are preferred. These results are consistent with the picture given in a previous vertical-field study of only one magnetic reflection from one domain, in which the 3-T field-induced transition is viewed as a spin-flop transition. There is, however, a small amount of irreversible moment rotation (from theta=43 degrees to 48 degrees, where theta is the moment canting angle within the hexagonal basal plane), on passing through the spin-flop transition. This seems to be connected with whether the sample is single or multidomain. In addition, the field independence of the Neel temperature (T-N=37 K) has been measured up to 3 T, and data on the domain kinetics are presented. [S1163-1829(98)09137-1]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Nakotte, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bruck, Ekkes/E-3365-2014 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 14 BP 9269 EP 9275 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.9269 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 129WH UT WOS:000076486700062 ER PT J AU Granroth, GE Maegawa, S Meisel, MW Krzystek, J Brunel, LC Bell, NS Adair, JH Ward, BH Fanucci, GE Chou, LK Talham, DR AF Granroth, GE Maegawa, S Meisel, MW Krzystek, J Brunel, LC Bell, NS Adair, JH Ward, BH Fanucci, GE Chou, LK Talham, DR TI Magnetic studies of end-chain spin effects in the Haldane-gap material Ni(C3H10N2) N-2(3)(ClO4) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; SYSTEM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXCITATIONS; IMPURITIES; DYNAMICS; NINAZ; S=1/2; TMNIN; NENP AB Electron spin resonance (ESR), at 9, 94, and 190 GHz, and magnetization studies on polycrystalline, powder, and ultrafine powder samples of Ni(C3H10N2)(2)N-3(ClO4) (NINAZ) have revealed several effects arising from the Haldane phase. Using the g value of the end-chain spin S as determined by ESR, our results confirm that the end-chain spins are S=1/2 and show no evidence for S=1 end-chains. In addition, the ESR signals reveal spectral weight consistent with a model describing interactions between the end-chain spins on the shortest chains and between the magnetic excitations on the chains and the end-chain spins. [S0163-1829(98)09538-1]. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Ctr Interdisciplinary Magnet Resonance, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Granroth, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6393, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012; OI Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778; Adair, James/0000-0002-7516-5024 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 14 BP 9312 EP 9315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.9312 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 129WH UT WOS:000076486700067 ER PT J AU Perkins, JD Birgeneau, RJ Graybeal, JM Kastner, MA Kleinberg, DS AF Perkins, JD Birgeneau, RJ Graybeal, JM Kastner, MA Kleinberg, DS TI Midinfrared optical excitations in undoped lamellar copper oxides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY SPIN; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; CUO2 PLANE; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; EXCHANGE SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LA2CUO4 AB The weakly electric-dipole-allowed midinfrared excitations are studied in insulating single crystals of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Nd2CuO4. These intrinsic excitations of the undoped CuO2 layers are lower in energy than the charge-transfer excitation. Temperature-dependent optical-absorption measurements are presented from 10 to 450 K. Photoinduced absorption measurements on single-crystal La2CuO4 are also presented. Recent theoretical work and optical-absorption experiments on La2NiO4, as well as the copper oxides, provide strong evidence that a sharp absorption peak seen in all the copper oxides at photon energy similar to 0.4 eV and a related peak near 0.25 eV in La2NiO4 arise from phonon-assisted creation of a quasibound two-magnon state. A comparison between the intrinsic absorption in La2NiO4 and that in the copper oxides suggests that the broad midinfrared absorption bands observed between 0.4 and 1.2 eV in the undoped copper oxides have a different electronic origin. We discuss our measurements in regards to two proposed origins (phonon-multimagnon and exciton sidebands) for these broad higher-energy bands. We find that multimagnon and phonon sidebands associated with a Cu d(x2-y2)-->d(3z2-r2) crystal-field exciton at similar to 0.5 eV plausibly explain the structure, strength, and polarization dependence of these broadbands. Direct observation of this exciton would unambiguously confirm or refute this model. [S0163-1829(98)01733-0]. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 79 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 14 BP 9390 EP 9401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.9390 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 129WH UT WOS:000076486700077 ER PT J AU Gray, KE Field, MB Miller, DJ AF Gray, KE Field, MB Miller, DJ TI Explanation of low critical currents in flat, bulk versus meandering, thin-film [001] tilt bicrystal grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MISORIENTATION; VORTICES AB Thin-film and bulk [001] tilt, bicrystal grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7 exhibit a strong dependence of critical current density on misorientation angle. What is particularly difficult to understand is its thirty times lower magnitude in bulk grain boundaries which are microscopically more perfect, i.e., flatter, minimally faceted, and free of impurity phases. A plausible explanation, based on differences of the pinning of Josephson vortices in these grain boundary types, is proposed here. [S0163-1829(98)05438-1]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 14 BP 9543 EP 9548 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.9543 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 129WH UT WOS:000076486700096 ER PT J AU Moodenbaugh, AR Wu, LJ Zhu, YM Lewis, LH Cox, DE AF Moodenbaugh, AR Wu, LJ Zhu, YM Lewis, LH Cox, DE TI High-resolution x-ray diffraction study of La1.88-gamma Sr0.12Nd gamma CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; T-C; LATTICE INSTABILITIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TETRAGONAL PHASE; MAGNETIC ORDER; LA2-XBAXCUO4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA2-XSRXCUO4; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4 AB The crystallographic transformation in La1.88-ySr0.12NdyCuO4 (y=0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4) from the orthorhombic Bmab space group (LTO1 phase) to a low-temperature tetragonal (P4(2)/ncm, LTT phase) phase was examined using high-resolution synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction. For Nd contents y=0.2 and 0.4, the phase transformation to LTT takes place over a significant range of temperature, with the transformation essentially complete at the lowest temperatures attained, similar to 15 K. For Nd y = 0.0 and 0.1, the transformation to LTT is incomplete, with the LTT phase corresponding to about 10% and 20% of the LTO1 intensity at lowest temperatures. The evolution of the LTT phase is discussed in the context of earlier transmission electron microscopy studies. Simulated diffraction profiles based on the observed microstructure are used to explore possible mechanisms for development of the LTT phase. The presence of this minority LTT phase in La1.88Sr0.12CuO4 (Nd y=0) helps explain the slightly depressed superconducting transition temperature observed for slightly higher and lower Sr contents in terms of the proposed charge stripe phase. [S0163-1829(98)04638-4]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Moodenbaugh, AR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 14 BP 9549 EP 9555 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.9549 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 129WH UT WOS:000076486700097 ER PT J AU Mazilu, A Safar, H Maley, MP Coulter, JY Bulaevskii, LN Foltyn, S AF Mazilu, A Safar, H Maley, MP Coulter, JY Bulaevskii, LN Foltyn, S TI Vortex dynamics of heavy-ion-irradiated YBa2Cu3O7-delta: Experimental evidence for a reduced vortex mobility at the matching field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; BOSE-GLASS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; REVERSIBLE MAGNETIZATION; CORRELATED DISORDER; THICK-FILMS; CRYSTALS; LOCALIZATION; VORTICES; PHASE AB Electrical transport measurements in heavy-ion-irradiated YBa2CU3O7-delta thick films reveal a clear maximum of the critical current when the applied magnetic field is approximately equal to the magnetic field at which all columnar defects are occupied. This result directly indicates that vortex mobility is greatly reduced when no vacant columns are available. We suggest that this result is a vestige of the Mott insulator phase predicted for the vortex system at zero temperatures. [S0163-1829(98)50238-X]. C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mazilu, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 14 BP R8909 EP R8912 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.R8909 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 129WH UT WOS:000076486700012 ER PT J AU Mazilu, A Safar, H Lopez, D Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW Guptasarma, P Hinks, DG AF Mazilu, A Safar, H Lopez, D Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW Guptasarma, P Hinks, DG TI Experimental comparison of the effect that bulk pinning and surface barriers have on vortex motion in the vortex liquid state of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; VORTICES AB We perform electrical transport measurements in the mixed state of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals by using a Corbino disk geometry. In this configuration, vortices are forced to move in closed circular trajectories, without crossing the sample's edge. By comparison with conventional four-probe transport experiments we can contrast the role that bulk pinning and surface barriers have on vortex motion in the vortex liquid state of this material. Our Corbino and conventional experiments give the same temperature and field dependence for the electrical resistivity in the vortex liquid state, activation energies for vortex motion and irreversibility lines. Thus, we conclude that in these crystals, flux motion in the vortex liquid state is governed by bulk effects. [S0163-1829(98)51338-0]. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60435 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60435 USA. RP Mazilu, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 14 BP R8913 EP R8916 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.R8913 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 129WH UT WOS:000076486700013 ER PT J AU Fotiades, N Cizewski, JA McNabb, DP Ding, KY Archer, DE Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Hauschild, K Younes, W Clark, RM Fallon, P Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO MacLeod, RW AF Fotiades, N Cizewski, JA McNabb, DP Ding, KY Archer, DE Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Hauschild, K Younes, W Clark, RM Fallon, P Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO MacLeod, RW TI High-spin excitations in Ru nuclei near N=60 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID BAND AB The level structures of several Ru isotopes near A = 104 have been studied in the fission of the compound nucleus Pb-197, formed in the Mg-24 + Yb-173 reaction at 134.5 MeV. A sequence of five transitions, observed in coincidence with known transitions in the Sr-86 and Sr-87 complementary fragments, has been assigned to Ru-105. Comparison with the neighboring odd-mass Ru isotopes supports assignment of this sequence as built on the h(l1/2) excitation in Ru-105. Th, positive-parity band built on the 7/2(+) state of Ru-103 has been extended above the backbending induced by the alignment of two h(l1/2) neutrons. In addition, the ground-state bands of Ru-104 and Ru-106 have been extended to higher spins. [S0556-2813(98)04110-7]. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fotiades, N (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RI Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1997 EP 2001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1997 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100018 ER PT J AU Shen, CW Chen, YS AF Shen, CW Chen, YS TI Identical bands and incremental alignments in normal deformed nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SUPERDEFORMED NUCLEI; ROTATIONAL BANDS; SYMMETRY AB The energy factor method that generalizes the definition of identical bands was extended to normal deformed bands. More than 300 rotational bands were analyzed by means of this method and the number of identical bands as a function of criteria is presented. The statistics study shows that the quantization behavior of incremental alignments is completely different from one in superdeformed nuclei, and the alignment in normal deformed nuclei is not quantized. [S0556-2813(98)03110-0]. C1 China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. Acad Sinica, Inst Theoret Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shen, CW (reprint author), China Inst Atom Energy, POB 27518, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2081 EP 2085 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2081 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100027 ER PT J AU Stoitsov, MV Nazarewicz, W Pittel, S AF Stoitsov, MV Nazarewicz, W Pittel, S TI New discrete basis for nuclear structure studies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RESONANT STATE; GROUND-STATE; SHELL-MODEL; MEAN-FIELD; DRIP-LINE; CONTINUUM; POTENTIALS; DENSITY; SYSTEMS; HALOS AB A complete discrete set of spherical single-particle wave functions for studies of weakly bound many-body systems is proposed. The new basis is obtained by means of a local-scale point transformation of the spherical harmonic oscillator wave functions. Unlike the harmonic oscillator states, the new wave functions decay exponentially at large distances. Using the new basis, characteristics of weakly bound orbitals are analyzed and the ground state properties of some spherical doubly magic nuclei are studied. The basis of the transformed harmonic oscillator is a significant improvement over the harmonic oscillator basis, especially in studies of exotic nuclei where the coupling to the particle continuum is important. [S0556-2813(98)07610-9]. C1 Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Stoitsov, MV (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. NR 43 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2092 EP 2098 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2092 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100029 ER PT J AU Bender, M Rutz, K Reinhard, PG Maruhn, JA Greiner, W AF Bender, M Rutz, K Reinhard, PG Maruhn, JA Greiner, W TI Potential energy surfaces of superheavy nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD CALCULATIONS; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; ISOTOPES; ELEMENTS; SPACE AB We investigate the structure of the potential energy surfaces of the superheavy nuclei Fm-258(158)100, (264)(156)Hs(108), (278)(166)112, (298)(184)114, and (292)(172)120 within the framework of self-consistent nuclear models, i.e., the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach and the relativistic mean-field model. We compare results obtained with one representative parametrization of each model which is successful in describing superheavy nuclei. We find systematic changes as compared to the potential energy surfaces of heavy nuclei in the uranium region: there is no sufficiently stable fission isomer any more, the importance of triaxial configurations to lower the first barrier fades away, and asymmetric fission paths compete down to rather small deformation. Comparing the two models, it turns out that the relativistic mean-field model gives generally smaller fission barriers. [S0556-2813(98)05510-1]. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bender, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, CB 3255,Phillips Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Bender, Michael/B-9004-2009 NR 28 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2126 EP 2132 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2126 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100034 ER PT J AU Chiba, S Togasaki, K Ibaraki, M Baba, M Matsuyama, S Hirakawa, N Shibata, K Iwamoto, O Koning, AJ Hale, GM Chadwick, MB AF Chiba, S Togasaki, K Ibaraki, M Baba, M Matsuyama, S Hirakawa, N Shibata, K Iwamoto, O Koning, AJ Hale, GM Chadwick, MB TI Measurement and theoretical analysis of neutron elastic scattering and inelastic reactions leading to a three-body final state for Li-6 at 10 to 20 MeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LIQUID SCINTILLATION DETECTOR; RELATIVE FRAGMENT ENERGIES; EMISSION CROSS-SECTIONS; ALPHA-D; ASTROPHYSICAL INTEREST; COULOMB DISSOCIATION; CLUSTER STRUCTURE; GROUND-STATE; MODEL; BREAKUP AB The neutron elastic and inelastic scattering double-differential cross sections of Li-6 were measured at incident neutron energies of 11.5, 14.1, and 18.0 MeV. A phenomenological neutron optical model potential of Li-6 was constructed to describe the total and elastic scattering cross sections from 5 MeV to several tens MeV, based on the present data together with information from other works. This potential was found to describe the inelastic scattering to the first excited state (E-x=2.186 MeV) well via the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculation with the macroscopic vibrational model. The continuum neutron energy spectra and angular distributions were then analyzed by the theory of final-state interaction extended to the DWBA form, with an assumption that the d-alpha interaction is dominant in the three-body final state consisting of n, d, and alpha particles. Such a calculation was found to be successful in explaining the major part of the low-excitation neutron spectra and angular distribution down to the Q-value region of - 9 MeV, except for the Q-value range where the n-alpha quasifree scattering will give a non-negligible contribution at forward angles. [S0556-2813(98)04810-9]. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Sci & Technol Agcy, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008966, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. Netherlands Energy Res Fdn, ECN, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chiba, S (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM chiba@cracker.tokai.jaeri.go.jp NR 66 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2205 EP 2216 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2205 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100043 ER PT J AU Nix, JR AF Nix, JR TI Low freeze-out temperature and high collective velocities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HADRON DISTRIBUTIONS; 200A GEV; EQUILIBRATION; EXPANSION; MATTER AB On the basis of a nine-parameter expanding source model that includes special relativity, quantum statistics, resonance decays, and freeze-out on a realistic hypersurface in spacetime, we analyze in detail invariant pi(+) pi(-), K(+), and K(-) one-particle multiplicity distributions and pi(+) and K+ two-particle correlations in nearly central collisions of Si+Au at p(lab)/A = 14.6 GeV/c. By considering separately the one-particle data and the correlation data, we find that the central baryon density, nuclear temperature, transverse collective velocity, longitudinal collective velocity, and sourer velocity are determined primarily by one-particle multiplicity distributions and that the transverse radius, longitudinal proper time, width in proper time, and pion incoherence fraction are determined primarily by two-particle correlations. By considering separately the pion data and the kaon data, we find that although the pion freeze-out occurs somewhat later than the kaon freeze-out, the 99% confidence-level error bars associated with the two freeze-outs overlap. By constraining the transverse freeze-out to the same source time for all points with the same longitudinal position and by allowing a more flexible freeze-out in the longitudinal direction, we find that the precise shape of the freeze-out hypersurface is relatively unimportant. By regarding the pion and kaon one-particle data to be unnormalized, we find that the nuclear temperature increases slightly, but that its uncertainty increases substantially. By including proton one-particle data (which are contaminated by spectator protons), we find that the nuclear temperature increases slightly. These detailed studies confirm our earlier conclusion based on the simultaneous consideration of the pion and kaon one-particle and correlation data that the freeze-out temperature is less than 100 MeV and that both the longitudinal and transverse collective velocities-which an anticorrelated with the temperature-are substantial. We also discuss the flaws in several previous analyses that yielded a much higher freeze-out temperature of approximately 140 MeV for both this reaction and other reactions involving heavier projectiles and/or higher bombarding energies. [S0556-2813(98)04709-8]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nix, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2303 EP 2310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2303 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100051 ER PT J AU Wang, XN AF Wang, XN TI Effects of jet quenching on high p(T) hadron spectra in high-energy nuclear collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; P-P; QCD; DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLES; PHOTON AB Since large-p(T) particles in high-energy hadronic or nuclear collisions come from jet fragmentation, jet quenching due to parton energy loss in dense matter will cause the suppression of large-p(T) hadron spectra in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Assuming an effective energy loss dE/dx for the high-E-T partons, effective jet fragmentation functions are constructed in which leading hadrons will be suppressed. Using such effective fragmentation functions, high-p(T) hadron spectra and particle suppression factors relative to pp collisions are estimated in central high-energy nuclear collisions with a given range of the assumed dE/dx. It is found that the suppression factors are very sensitive to the value of the effective energy loss. Systematic nuclear and flavor dependence of the hadron spectra are also studied. [S0556-2813(98)03610-3]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Mailstop 70A-3307, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 32 TC 157 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2321 EP 2330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2321 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100054 ER PT J AU Rischke, DH AF Rischke, DH TI Forming disoriented chiral condensates through fluctuations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; FIELD-THEORY; QCD; DISSIPATION; DYNAMICS AB Using the influence functional formalism, classical equations of motion for the O(N) model are derived in the presence of a heat bath, in both the symmetric phase as well as the phase of spontaneously broken symmetry. The heat bath leads to dissipation and fluctuation terms in the classical equations of motion, which are explicitly computed to lowest order in perturbation theory. In the broken phase these terms are found to be large for the sigma field, even at zero temperature, due to the decay process sigma-->pi pi, while they are small for the pi fields at temperatures below T(c)similar or equal to 160 MeV. It is shown that in large Volumes the presence of dissipation and fluctuations suppresses the formation of disoriented chiral condensates (DCC's). In small volumes, however, fluctuations become sufficiently large to induce the formation of DCC's even if chiral symmetry has not been restored in the initial stage of the system's evolution. [S0556-2813(98)02810-6]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rischke, DH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 36 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2331 EP 2357 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2331 PG 27 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100055 ER PT J AU Athanassopoulos, C Auerbach, LB Burman, RL Caldwell, DO Church, ED Cohen, I Donahue, JB Fazely, A Federspiel, FJ Garvey, GT Gunasingha, RM Imlay, R Johnston, K Kim, HJ Louis, WC Majkic, R McIlhany, K Metcalf, W Mills, GB Reeder, RA Sandberg, V Smith, D Stancu, I Strossman, W Tayloe, R VanDalen, GJ Vernon, W Wadia, N Waltz, J White, DH Works, D Xiao, Y Yellin, S AF Athanassopoulos, C Auerbach, LB Burman, RL Caldwell, DO Church, ED Cohen, I Donahue, JB Fazely, A Federspiel, FJ Garvey, GT Gunasingha, RM Imlay, R Johnston, K Kim, HJ Louis, WC Majkic, R McIlhany, K Metcalf, W Mills, GB Reeder, RA Sandberg, V Smith, D Stancu, I Strossman, W Tayloe, R VanDalen, GJ Vernon, W Wadia, N Waltz, J White, DH Works, D Xiao, Y Yellin, S TI Results on nu(mu)->nu(e) oscillations from pion decay in flight neutrinos SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-PHASE-APPROXIMATION; SEARCH; C-12(NU(E),E(-))N-12(GS); DETECTOR; CARBON; LIMITS; C-12; BEAM; ISIS AB A search for nu(mu) --> v(e) oscillations has been conducted at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility using nu(mu) from pi(+) decay in flight. An excess in the number of beam-related events from the nu(e) C --> e(-) X inclusive reaction is observed. The excess is too large to be explained by normal nu(e) contamination in the beam at a confidence level greater than 99%. If interpreted as an oscillation signal, the observed oscillation probability of (2.6 +/- 1.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(-3) is consistent with the previously reported (nu) over bar(mu) --> (nu) over bar(e) oscillation evidence from LSND. [S0556-2813(98)02510-2]. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. Linfield Coll, McMinnville, OR 97128 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. So Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Athanassopoulos, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 35 TC 268 Z9 268 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2489 EP 2511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2489 PG 23 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100065 ER PT J AU Ejnisman, R Goldman, ID Krane, KS Mohr, P Nakazawa, Y Norman, EB Rauscher, T Reel, J AF Ejnisman, R Goldman, ID Krane, KS Mohr, P Nakazawa, Y Norman, EB Rauscher, T Reel, J TI Neutron capture cross section of Ti-44 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION; ENERGIES; POTENTIALS; SCATTERING; DENSITY; RANGE AB The cross section for thermal neutron capture by radioactive Ti-44 was measured to be sigma(gamma) = 1.1 +/- 0.2 b. This result was shown to be in agreement with a direct capture calculation. Possible implications of the Ti-44(n, gamma) reaction in nucleosynthesis are discussed. [S0556-2813(98)04610-X]. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05389970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, Basel, Switzerland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Ejnisman, R (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RI Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009 OI Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2531 EP 2537 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2531 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100068 ER PT J AU Krucken, R Clark, RM Dewald, A Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Hauschild, K Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Peusquens, R Schmid, GJ Stephens, FS Vetter, K von Brentano, P AF Krucken, R Clark, RM Dewald, A Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Hauschild, K Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Peusquens, R Schmid, GJ Stephens, FS Vetter, K von Brentano, P TI Lifetimes near the bandhead of a shears band in Pb-198 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DECAY CURVE METHOD; ROTATIONAL BAND; STATES; NUCLEI AB Subpicosecond lifetimes of states near the bandhead of an M1 band in Pb-198 have been measured with the recoil-distance Doppler-shift technique using the Gammasphere array and the Cologne plunger. The deduced B(MI) values are in agreement with the predictions of the tilted axis cranking (TAC) model. Their spin dependence continues the trend set by recently published B(MI) values for the high spin states in this band. The emerging picture gives strong support to the concept of "magnetic rotation," an alternative mode for the generation of rotational spectra in nuclei. [S0556-2813(98)50710-8]. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Phys, AW Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krucken, R (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, AW Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Dewald, Alfred/O-5810-2015; Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013 OI Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP R1876 EP R1879 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.R1876 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100003 ER PT J AU Li, Y Liou, MK Timmermans, R Gibson, BF AF Li, Y Liou, MK Timmermans, R Gibson, BF TI Noncoplanarity effects in proton-proton bremsstrahlung SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB Noncoplanarity in proton-proton bremsstrahlung is investigated. Significant effects are observed for certain photon polar angles, psi(gamma). Such noncoplanarity effects, not of dynamical origin, are possibly responsible for past disagreements between theory and experiment. The Harvard noncoplanar coordinate system, which avoids kinematic singularities in the cross section, is used in our calculations and is recommended for use in the analysis of experimental data. Alternative methods of presenting cross sections are discussed. [S0556-2813(98)50110-0]. C1 CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Inst Nucl Theory, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP R1880 EP R1883 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.R1880 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100004 ER PT J AU Sonzogni, AA Vandenbosch, R Caraley, AL Lestone, JP AF Sonzogni, AA Vandenbosch, R Caraley, AL Lestone, JP TI Is quasifission responsible for anomalous fission fragment anisotropies? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; FUSION REACTIONS; BARRIER; EQUILIBRATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL AB The excitation function for the 4n evaporation residue from the C-12+U-236 reaction has been measured for beam energies between 62 and 73 MeV. The shape and magnitude of the residue excitation function is not consistent with appreciable quasifission competition. [S0556-2813(98)50610-3]. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sonzogni, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP R1873 EP R1875 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.R1873 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 130DU UT WOS:000076505100002 ER PT J AU Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amadon, A Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, C Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, C Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gola, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hao, W Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Nakano, I Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Murgia, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SN Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Reischl, M Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keul, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amadon, A Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, C Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, C Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gola, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hao, W Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Nakano, I Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Murgia, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SN Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Reischl, M Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keul, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S TI Observation of B+->Psi(2S)K+ and B-0 ->Psi(2S)K*(892)(0) decays and measurements of B-meson branching fractions into J/Psi and Psi(2S) final states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTION; SILICON VERTEX DETECTOR; E+E ANNIHILATION; FACTORIZATION; COLLISIONS; RATIOS; MASS AB We report the observations of the decays beta(+) --> psi(2S)K+ and B-0 --> psi(2S)K*(892)(0) in collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.8 TeV using a 110 pb(-1) data sample recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We also reconstruct the decays B+ --> J/psi K+ and B-0 --> J/psi K*(892)(0) and measure the six ratios of branching fractions of these four decays. The relative branching-fraction results are shown to be consistent with phenomenological factorization calculations of hadronic B-meson decays. We use the world-average branching fraction B(B+ --> J/psi K+) to derive B(B+ --> psi(2S)K+) = (0.56+/-0.08+/-0.10) X 10(-3), B(B-0 --> psi(2s)K*(892)(0)) = (0.92+/-0.20+/-0.16) X 10(-3), and B(B-0 --> J/psi K*(892)(0)) = (1.78+/-0.14+/-0.29) x 10(-3), where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. [S0556-2821(98)05117-0] C1 Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Enrest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11530, Taiwan. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tokyo, Ibaraki 315, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 072001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.072001 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700008 ER PT J AU Baer, H Chen, CH Drees, M Paige, F Tata, X AF Baer, H Chen, CH Drees, M Paige, F Tata, X TI Supersymmetry reach of Fermilab Tevatron upgrades: The large tan beta case SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LINEAR E(+)E(-) COLLIDERS; LARGE HADRON COLLIDER; MINIMAL SUPERGRAVITY; GLUINO DECAYS; HIGGS MASS; SIGNALS; SUPERCOLLIDERS; PHENOMENOLOGY; PARTICLE; COUPLINGS AB The Yukawa couplings of the tau lepton and the bottom quark become comparable to, or even exceed, electroweak gauge couplings for large values of the supersymmetry parameter tan beta. As a result, the lightest tau slepton <(tau)over tilde>(1) and bottom squark (b) over tilde(1) can be significantly lighter than corresponding sleptons and squarks of the first two generations. Gluino, chargino, and neutralino decays to third generation particles are significantly enhanced when tan beta is large. This affects projections for collider experiment reach for supersymmetric particles. In this paper, we evaluate the reach of the Fermilab Tevatron p (p) over bar collider for supersymmetric signals in the framework of the minimal supergravity model. We find that the reach via signatures with multiple isolated leptons (e and mu) is considerably reduced. For very large tan beta, the greatest reach is attained in the multijet+E-T(miss) signature. Some significant extra regions may be probed by requiring the presence of an identified b jet in jets+E-T(miss) events, or by requiring one of the identified leptons in clean trilepton events to actually be a hadronic 1 or 3 charged prong tau. In an appendix, we present formulas for chargino, neutralino, and gluino three body decays which are valid at large tan beta. [S0556-2821(98)02119-5]. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. APCTP, Seoul 130012, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Baer, H (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 41 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 075008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.075008 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700048 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Gordon, LE Klasen, M AF Berger, EL Gordon, LE Klasen, M TI Massive lepton pairs as a prompt photon surrogate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID VECTOR BOSON PRODUCTION; TO-LEADING ORDER; CROSS-SECTION; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; COLLIDERS; TEV; QCD AB We discuss the transverse momentum distribution for the production of massive lepton pairs in hadron reactions at fixed target and collider energies within the context of next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamics. For values of the transverse momentum Q(T) greater than roughly half the pair mass Q, Q(T) >Q/2, we show that the differential cross section is dominated by subprocesses initiated by incident gluons. Massive lepton-pair differential cross sections are an advantageous source of constraints on the gluon density, free from the experimental and theoretical complications of photon isolation that beset studies of prompt photon production. We compare calculations with data and provide predictions for the differential cross section as a function of Q(T) in proton-antiproton reactions at center-of-mass energies of 1.8 TeV, and in proton-nucleon reactions at fixed target and CERN LHC energies. [S0556-2821(98)02219-X]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 30 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 074012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.074012 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700029 ER PT J AU Capstick, S Roberts, W AF Capstick, S Roberts, W TI Strange decays of nonstrange baryons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PAIR-CREATION MODEL; QUARK-MODEL; HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS; AMPLITUDES; RESONANCES; CHROMODYNAMICS; BREAKING; FLAVOR AB The strong decays of excited nonstrange baryons into the final states Lambda K, Sigma K, and for the first time into Lambda(1405)K, Lambda(1520)K, Sigma(1385)K, Lambda K*, and Sigma K*, are examined in a relativized quark pair creation model. The wave functions and parameters of the model are fixed by previous calculations of N pi and N pi pi, etc., decays. Our results show that it should be possible to discover several new negative parity excited baryons and confirm the discovery of several others by analyzing these final states in kaon production experiments. We also establish clear predictions for the relative strengths of certain states to decay to Lambda(1405)K and Lambda(1520)K, which can be tested to determine if a three-quark model of the Lambda(1405)K is valid. Our results compare favorably with the results of partial wave analyses of the limited existing data for the Lambda K and Sigma K channels. We do not find large Sigma K decay amplitudes for a substantial group of predicted and weakly established negative-parity states, in contrast to the only previous work to consider decays of these states into the strange final states Lambda K and Sigma K. [S0556-2821(98)03919-8]. C1 Florida State Univ, Supercomp Computat Res Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Florida State Univ, Supercomp Computat Res Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 39 TC 190 Z9 190 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 074011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.074011 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700028 ER PT J AU Chan, AW Cheng, KC Luk, KB James, C Rameika, R Ho, PM Longo, MJ Nguyen, A Duryea, J Guglielmo, G Heller, K Johns, K Diehl, HT Teige, S Thomson, GB Zou, Y AF Chan, AW Cheng, KC Luk, KB James, C Rameika, R Ho, PM Longo, MJ Nguyen, A Duryea, J Guglielmo, G Heller, K Johns, K Diehl, HT Teige, S Thomson, GB Zou, Y TI Measurement of the properties of the Omega(+) and Omega(-) hyperons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECAYS AB We have analyzed <(Omega)over bar>(+) and Omega(-) events produced in the inclusive reaction p + Be-->Omega + X and have measured some properties of the <(Omega)over bar>(+) and Omega(-) hyperons via the decay Omega-->Lambda K-->p pi K. The measured <(Omega)over bar>(+) lifetime was tau(<(Omega)over bar>)=(0.823+/-0.038) X 10(-10) s (chi(2)/N-DF=1.52), and the measured decay parameter was alpha<(Omega)over bar>=0.017 +/-0.077 (X-2/N-DF=1.74). The corresponding values for the Omega(-) were tau(Omega) = (0.817+/-0.022) x 10(-10) s (chi(2)/N-DF=1.17) and alpha(Omega) = -0.028+/-0.047 (chi(2)/N-DF=1.49). In addition, the measurement of the normalized mass difference between the <(Omega)over bar>(+) and Omega(-) yielded Delta M-Omega/M-Omega = (1.44+/-7.98) X 10(-5). The measurements were all in good agreement with CPT invariance. [S0556-2821(98)02417-5] C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Chan, AW (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 072002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.072002 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700009 ER PT J AU Chang, S Coriano, C Gordon, LE AF Chang, S Coriano, C Gordon, LE TI Rapidity correlations and Delta G from prompt photon plus jet production in polarized pp collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING-ORDER; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; QCD; TARGET; QUARK; BEAM AB A study of prompt photon plus associated jet production is performed at next-to-leading order [O(alpha alpha(s)(2))] in QCD at root S = 200-500 GeV, appropriate for the BNL RHIC polarized (p) over right arrow (p) over right arrow collider experiment. Momentum correlations between the jet and photon are examined and the utility of the process as a method for constraining the size and shape of the polarized gluon density of the proton Delta G is examined. [S0556-2821(98)01417-9] C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Inst Fundamental Theory, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Jefferson Lab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chang, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Inst Fundamental Theory, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM schang@phys.ufl.edu; coriano@jlabs2.jlab.org; gordon@hep.anl.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 074002 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700019 ER PT J AU Chivukula, RS Georgi, H AF Chivukula, RS Georgi, H TI Large-N and vacuum alignment in top-color models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; STANDARD MODEL; HEAVY-TOP; ASSISTED TECHNICOLOR; CHIRAL HIERARCHIES; ISOSPIN BREAKING; QUARK CONDENSATE; CONSTRAINTS; TOPCOLOR; CHROMODYNAMICS AB Top-color and top-color-assisted technicolor provide examples of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking which include top-quark condensation, thereby naturally incorporating a heavy top quark. In this paper we discuss the roles of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) and large-N approximations often used in phenomenological analyses of these models. We show that, in order to provide for top-quark condensation but not bottom-quark condensation, the top-color coupling must be adjusted to equal the critical value for chiral symmetry breaking up to O(1/N) in any theory in which the isospin-violating "tilting" interaction is a U(1) gauge interaction. A consequence of these considerations is that the potentially dangerous "bottom pions" are naturally light. We also show that the contributions to rho-1 previously estimated are of leading order in N, are not included in the usual NJL analysis, and are the result of "vacuum alignment." [S0556-2821(98)03319-0]. C1 Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chivukula, RS (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sekhar@bu.edu; georgi@physics.harvard.edu RI Chivukula, R. Sekhar/C-3367-2012 OI Chivukula, R. Sekhar/0000-0002-4142-1077 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 075004 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700044 ER PT J AU Feng, JL Gunion, JF Han, T AF Feng, JL Gunion, JF Han, T TI R-parity violation and sneutrino resonances at muon colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LEPTON-NUMBER; S-CHANNEL; SUPERSYMMETRY; DECAYS; COUPLINGS; PHYSICS AB In supersymmetric models with R-parity violating interactions, sneutrinos may be produced as s-channel resonances at mu(+)mu(-) colliders. We demonstrate that, for R-parity violating couplings as low as 10(-4), sneutrinos can be discovered and their couplings measured to high accuracy. The excellent beam energy resolution of muon colliders is found to be especially useful for studying such resonances in certain cases. [S0556-2821(98)50317-7] C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis Inst High Energy Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Feng, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 071701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.071701 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700005 ER PT J AU Kamal, B Merebashvili, Z AF Kamal, B Merebashvili, Z TI Analytically expanded and integrated results for massive fermion production in two-photon collisions and a high precision alpha(s) determination SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; GAMMA-GAMMA-COLLISIONS; LINEAR COLLIDER; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; PAIR PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTION; BOSON AB The cross section for massive fermion production in two-photon collisions was examined at next-to-leading order in QCD-QED for general photon helicity. The delta function (virtual + soft) part of the differential cross section was analytically integrated over the final state phase space. Series expansions for the complete differential and total cross sections were given up to tenth order in the parameter beta. These were shown to be of practical use and revealed much structure. Accurate parametrizations of the total cross sections were given, valid up to higher energies. The above results were applied to top quark production in the region not too far above threshold. The cross section was shown to be quite sensitive to a, in the appropriate energy region. [S0556-2821(98)03419-5] C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Kamal, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 074005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.074005 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700022 ER PT J AU Kiyoura, S Nojiri, MM Pierce, DM Yamada, Y AF Kiyoura, S Nojiri, MM Pierce, DM Yamada, Y TI Radiative corrections to a supersymmetric relation: A new approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LINEAR E(+)E(-) COLLIDERS; GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES; STANDARD MODEL; ANOMALOUS U(1); DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; PRECISION CORRECTIONS; UNIFICATION; BREAKING; ELECTROWEAK; RENORMALIZATION AB Recently it has been realized that the production and decay processes of charginos, neutralinos, and sleptons receive corrections which grow like logm((q) over tilde) for large m((q) over tilde). In this paper we calculate the chargino pair production cross section at e(+)e(-) colliders with quark-squark loop corrections. We introduce a novel formulation, where the one-loop amplitude is reorganized into two parts. One part is expressed in terms of the "effective" chargino coupling (g) over bar(e<(nu)over tilde>(W) over tilde) and mixing matrices U-P,V-P, and includes all O(logm((q) over tilde)) corrections, while the other decouples for large m((q) over tilde). The form of the one-loop cross section then becomes physically transparent. Our formulation can he easily extended to other loops and processes. Numerically, we find significant corrections due to the effective t-channel coupling (g) over bar(e<(nu)over tilde>(W) over tilde), for gaugino-like charginos. In the mixed region, where the chargino has large gaugino and Higgsino components, the corrections due to (U-P, V-P) are also significant. Our numerical results disagree with a previous calculation. We reexamine previous studies of the determination of (g) over bar(e<(nu)over tilde>(W) over tilde) through the measurement of the chargino production cross section. We point out that a previous study, which claimed that the measurement suffers large systematic errors, was performed at a "pessimistic" point in MSSM parameter space. We provide reasons why the systematic errors are not a limiting factor for generic parameter choices. [S0556-2821(98)03617-0]. C1 KEK, Theory Grp, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Kiyoura, S (reprint author), KEK, Theory Grp, Oho 1-1, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. NR 49 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 075002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.075002 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700042 ER PT J AU Lewis, R Woloshyn, RM AF Lewis, R Woloshyn, RM TI O(1/M-3) effects for heavy-light mesons in lattice NRQCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NONRELATIVISTIC QCD; PHYSICS; QUARKONIUM; FIELD AB The masses of S-1(0) and S-3(1) mesons containing a single heavy quark are computed in the quenched approximation. The light quark action and gauge field action are both classically improved and tadpole improved, and the couplings to the heavy quark are organized by the 1/M expansion of tadpole-improved NRQCD. At each of two lattice spacings, near 0.22 fm and 0.26 fm, meson masses are obtained for heavy quarks spanning the region between charmed and bottom mesons. Results up to O(1/M), O(1/M-2) and O(1/M-3) are displayed separately, so that the convergence of the heavy quark expansion can be discussed. Also, the effect of each term in the O(1/M-3) contribution is computed individually. For bottom mesons the 1/M expansion appears to be satisfactory, but the situation for charmed mesons is less clear. [S0556-2821(98)03619-4]. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Regina, Dept Phys, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 074506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.074506 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700035 ER PT J AU White, AR AF White, AR TI Confinement and the supercritical Pomeron in QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID POMERANCHUK SINGULARITY; UNITARITY; BEHAVIOR AB Deep-inelastic diffractive scaling violations have provided fundamental insight into the QCD Pomeron, suggesting a single-gluon inner structure rather than that of a perturbative two-gluon bound state. This paper derives a high-energy, transverse momentum cutoff, confining solution of QCD. The Pomeron, in a first approximation, is a single Reggeized gluon plus a ''wee-parton" component that compensates for the color and particle properties of the gluon. This solution corresponds to a supercritical phase of Reggeon field theory. Beginning with the multi-Regge behavior of massive quark and gluon amplitudes, Reggeon unitarity is used to derive a Reggeon diagram description of a wide class of multi-Regge amplitudes, including those describing the formation and scattering of bound-state Regge poles. When quark and gluon masses are taken to zero, a logarithmic divergence is produced by helicity-flip Reggeon interactions containing the infrared quark triangle anomaly. With the gauge symmetry partially broken, this divergence selects the bound states and amplitudes of a confining theory. Both the Pomeron and hadrons have an anomalous color-parity wee-parton component. For the Pomeron the wee-parton component determines that it carries negative color charge parity and that the leading singularity is an isolated Regge pole. [S0556-2821(98)01319-8] C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM arw@hep.anl.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 7 AR 074008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.074008 PG 50 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124RW UT WOS:000076196700025 ER PT J AU Posch, HA Hoover, WG AF Posch, HA Hoover, WG TI Heat conduction in one-dimensional chains and nonequilibrium Lyapunov spectrum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEM AB We define and study the heat conductivity kappa and the Lyapunov spectrum for a modified "ding-a-ling" chain undergoing steady heat flow. Free and bound particles alternate along a chain. In the present work, we use a linear gravitational potential to bind all the even-numbered particles to their lattice sites. The chain is bounded by two stochastic heat reservoirs, one hot and one cold. The Fourier conductivity of the chain decreases smoothly to a finite large-system limit. Special treatment of satellite collisions with the stochastic boundaries is required to obtain Lyapunov spectra. The summed spectra are negative, and correspond to a relatively small contraction in phase space, with the formation of a multifractal strange attractor. The largest of the Lyapunov exponents for the ding-a-ling chain appears to converge to a limiting value with increasing chain length, so that the large-system Lyapunov spectrum has a finite limit. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Expt Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Posch, HA (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Expt Phys, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 4344 EP 4350 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4344 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 130RD UT WOS:000076533100050 ER PT J AU Aranson, I Mitkov, I AF Aranson, I Mitkov, I TI Helicoidal instability of a scroll vortex in three-dimensional reaction-diffusion systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ROTATING SPIRAL WAVES; EXCITABLE MEDIA; CHEMICAL WAVES; TURBULENCE; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; MUSCLE; LIMIT AB We study the dynamics of scroll vortices in excitable reaction-diffusion systems analytically and numerically. We demonstrate that intrinsic three-dimensional instability of a straight scroll leads to the formation of helicoidal structures. This behavior originates from the competition between the scroll curvature and unstable core dynamics. We show that the obtained instability persists even beyond the meander core instability of the two-dimensional spiral wave. [S1063-651X(98)06310-7]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Sci Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 4556 EP 4559 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4556 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 130RD UT WOS:000076533100075 ER PT J AU Young, BKF Wilson, BG Price, DF Stewart, RE AF Young, BKF Wilson, BG Price, DF Stewart, RE TI Measurement of x-ray emission and thermal transport in near-solid-density plasmas heated by 130 fs laser pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PUMPED TI-SAPPHIRE; HIGH-INTENSITY; HIGH-CONTRAST; HOT; SPECTRA; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; ALUMINUM; TARGETS AB Near-solid-density plasmas With peak temperatures of 370+/-50 eV have been generated using a high-contrast (approximate to 10(-7)), 400 nm; 130 fs laser pulse of intensity 3 x 10(17) W cm(-2) at the Ultrashort Pulse Laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The x-ray-emission spectra from thin tracer layers of germanium, tamped by layers of plastic, were measured as a function of target depth. The results qualitatively agree with calculations based on detailed local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and modified non-LTE spectroscopic opacity models using plasma conditions determined using LASNEX hydrodynamic simulations. No evidence of thermal flux inhibition into the bulk target material was observed. The: experiments and detailed simulations are presented. [S1063-651X(98)01710-3]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Young, BKF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 4929 EP 4936 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4929 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 130RD UT WOS:000076533100119 ER PT J AU Chu, CM Ellison, TJP Lee, SY Rinckel, T Schwandt, P Sperisen, F von Przewoski, B Anferov, VA Blinov, BB Bychkov, MA Caussyn, DD Courant, ED Crandell, DA Derbenev, YS Kaufman, WA Krisch, AD Lorenzon, W Nurushev, TS Phelps, RA Ratner, LG Wong, VK Ohmori, C Minty, MG Martin, PS Russell, AD Sivers, DW AF Chu, CM Ellison, TJP Lee, SY Rinckel, T Schwandt, P Sperisen, F von Przewoski, B Anferov, VA Blinov, BB Bychkov, MA Caussyn, DD Courant, ED Crandell, DA Derbenev, YS Kaufman, WA Krisch, AD Lorenzon, W Nurushev, TS Phelps, RA Ratner, LG Wong, VK Ohmori, C Minty, MG Martin, PS Russell, AD Sivers, DW TI Unexpectedly wide rf-induced synchrotron sideband depolarizing resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL SIBERIAN SNAKE; BEAM; ACCELERATION; ENERGY; SHIFT AB Using an rf solenoid magnet, we studied the depolarization of a stored 104.1 MeV vertically polarized proton beam. The two primary rf depolarizing resonances were properly centered around the protons' circulation frequency f(c), at f(c)(3 - nu(s)) and f(c)(nu(s) - 1), where nu(s) is the spin tune; moreover, each resonance was roughly consistent with the expected width of about 720 Hz. Each primary rf resonance had two synchrotron sideband resonances at the expected frequencies. The two nu(s) - 1 sidebands were deep dips while the two 3 - nu(s) sidebands were very shallow; this was not expected. Moreover, all four sideband resonances were unexpectedly wider than the two primary resonances. [S1063-651X(98)12309-7]. C1 Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Nucl Study, Tanashi, Tokyo 188, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Portland Phys Inst, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia. RP Chu, CM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 4973 EP 4976 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4973 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 130RD UT WOS:000076533100125 ER PT J AU Gluckstern, RL Fedotov, AV Kurennoy, S Ryne, R AF Gluckstern, RL Fedotov, AV Kurennoy, S Ryne, R TI Halo formation in three-dimensional bunches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; BEAM AB We have constructed, analytically and numerically, a class of self-consistent six-dimensional (6D) phase space stationary distributions. Stationary distributions allow us to study the halo development mechanism without it being obscured by beam redistribution and its effect on halo formation. The beam is then mismatched longitudinally and/or transversely,and we explore the formation of longitudinal and transverse halos in 3D axisymmetric beam bunches. We find that the longitudinal halo forms first for comparable longitudinal and transverse mismatches because the longitudinal tune depression is more severe than the transverse one for elongated bunches. Of particular importance is the result that, due to the coupling between longitudinal and transverse motion, a longitudinal or transverse halo is observed for a mismatch less than 10% if the mismatch in the other plane is large. [S1063-651X(98)05410-5]. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gluckstern, RL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Kurennoy, Sergey/0000-0003-2854-9647 NR 18 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 4977 EP 4990 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4977 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 130RD UT WOS:000076533100126 ER PT J AU Yu, LH AF Yu, LH TI Calculation of the output power in self-amplified spontaneous radiation using scaling of power with number of simulation particles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; GAIN; NOISE AB Recent advances in self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) experiments stimulate interest in quantitative comparison of measurements with theory. In this paper we show that the widely used simulation code TDA3D, developed by Tran and Wurtele [Comput. Phys. Commun. 54, 263 (1989)] even though a single frequency code, can be used to determine the output power in the SASE process with excellent approximation in the exponential growth regime. The method applies when the gain is not very high, which is a special advantage, because when the gain is not very high, the analytical calculation is particularly difficult since the exponential growing term does not dominate. The analysis utilizes a scaling relation between the output power and the number of simulation particles in the code TDA3D: [P] = N-lambda'/N-lambda[P'], where [P] is the output power and Nx is the line density of the electrons, while [P'] is the calculated output power using a Line density N-lambda' of the number of simulation particles in the code TDA3D. Because of the scaling property, the number of simulation particles can be taken to be many orders of magnitude less than the actual experiment. Comparison of our results with experiment yields new insight into the SASE process. [S1063-651X(98)08110-0]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 4991 EP 5000 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4991 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 130RD UT WOS:000076533100127 ER PT J AU Hartemann, FV Van Meter, JR Troha, AL Landahl, EC Luhmann, NC Baldis, HA Gupta, A Kerman, AK AF Hartemann, FV Van Meter, JR Troha, AL Landahl, EC Luhmann, NC Baldis, HA Gupta, A Kerman, AK TI Three-dimensional relativistic electron scattering in an ultrahigh-intensity laser focus SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COMPTON-SCATTERING; PONDEROMOTIVE SCATTERING; CLASSICAL-THEORY; ACCELERATION; VACUUM; WAVE; PLASMA; PARTICLE; PULSES; FIELDS AB The relativistic dynamics of an electron submitted to the three-dimensional field of a focused ultrahigh-intensity laser pulse are studied numerically. The diffracting field in vacuum is modeled by the paraxial propagator and exactly satisfies the Lorentz gauge condition everywhere.:In rectangular coordinates, the electromagnetic field is Fourier transformed into transverse and longitudinal wave packets, and diffraction is described through the different phase shifts accumulated by the various Fourier components, as constrained by the dispersion relation. In cylindrical geometry, the radial dependence of the focusing wave is described as a continuous spectrum of Bessel functions and can be obtained by using Hankel's integral theorem. To define the boundary conditions for this problem, the beam profile is matched to a Gaussian-Hermite distribution at focus, where the wave front is planar. Plane-wave dynamics are verified for large f numbers, including canonical momentum invariance, while high-energy scattering is predicted for smaller values of f at relativistic laser intensities. [S1063-651X(98)08210-5]. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Landahl, Eric/A-1742-2010; van meter, james/E-7893-2011 NR 46 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 5001 EP 5012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.5001 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 130RD UT WOS:000076533100128 ER PT J AU Brand, HR Deissler, RJ AF Brand, HR Deissler, RJ TI Transition from propagating localized states to spatiotemporal chaos in phase dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION; CIRCULAR COUETTE SYSTEM; CONFINED STATES; TAYLOR INSTABILITY; VORTEX FLOW; DOMAINS; WAVES AB We study the nonlinear phase equation for propagating patterns. We investigate the transition from a propagating localized pattern to a space-filling spatiotemporally disordered pattern and discuss in detail to what extent there are propagating localized states that breathe in time periodically, quasiperiodically, and chaotically. Differences and similarities to the phenomena occurring for the quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation are elucidated. We also discuss for which experimentally accessible systems one could observe the phenomena described. [S1063-651X(98)51910-1]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Innovat Technol, Fairview Pk, OH 44126 USA. RP Brand, HR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS-B 258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP R4064 EP R4067 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.R4064 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 130RD UT WOS:000076533100004 ER PT J AU Kondev, FG Riley, MA Janssens, RVF Simpson, J Afanasjev, AV Ragnarsson, I Ahmad, I Blumenthal, DJ Brown, TB Carpenter, MP Fallon, P Fischer, SM Hackman, G Hartley, DJ Kalfas, CA Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Ma, WC Nisius, D Sharpey-Schafer, JF Varmette, PG AF Kondev, FG Riley, MA Janssens, RVF Simpson, J Afanasjev, AV Ragnarsson, I Ahmad, I Blumenthal, DJ Brown, TB Carpenter, MP Fallon, P Fischer, SM Hackman, G Hartley, DJ Kalfas, CA Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Ma, WC Nisius, D Sharpey-Schafer, JF Varmette, PG TI Spin similar to 60 h in Dy-156: competition between collective and terminating structures at very high-spin SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE high-spin collective structures; band termination; Nilsson-Strutinsky cranking calculations; bands interaction ID ROTATIONAL BANDS; SHAPE; ER-158; STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; ISOTOPES; YB-158; NUCLEI; LINE AB The highest-spin discrete states (I similar to 60 (h) over bar and E-x similar to 30 MeV) in normal deformed nuclei have been observed in the rare-earth isotope Dy-156 using the Sn-124(S-36,4n) reaction in conjunction with the GAMMASPHERE spectrometer. The positive parity yrast sequence appears to evolve smoothly from a prolate (collective) towards an oblate (non-collective) shape, in contrast to the sudden shape change observed in the isotone Er-158. Terminating states are identified in the negative parity sequences at I-pi = 52(-) and 53(-) and specific multi-particle-hole configurations are assigned by comparison with cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. An order of magnitude increase in the interaction strength between close lying high-spin weakly collective structures is determined compared with that found in the lower-spin strongly collective domain. These results give valuable insight into the interplay between collective and terminating structures, and their competition for yrast status in the 40 - 60 (h) over bar spin range. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SERC, Daresbury Lab, CLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl Phys, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Natl Accelerator Ctr, ZA-7131 Faure, South Africa. Latvian Acad Sci, Nucl Res Ctr, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia. RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM kondev@nucott.physics.fsu.edu RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 437 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00938-1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 130HM UT WOS:000076514300007 ER PT J AU Rajaraman, A AF Rajaraman, A TI Two-form field scattering off three-brane black holes SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; 3-BRANES AB We calculate the absorption cross section on a black threebrane of two-form perturbations polarized along the brane. The equations are coupled and we decouple them for s-wave perturbations. The Hawking rate is suppressed at low energies, and this is shown to be reflected in the gauge theory by a coupling to a higher dimension operator. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Rajaraman, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 437 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00896-X PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 130HM UT WOS:000076514300011 ER PT J AU Ooguri, H Robins, H Tannenhauser, J AF Ooguri, H Robins, H Tannenhauser, J TI Glueballs and their Kaluza-Klein cousins SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB Spectra of glueball masses in non-supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in three and four dimensions have recently been computed using the conjectured duality between superstring theory and large N gauge theory. The Kaluza-Klein states of supergravity do not correspond to any states in the Yang-Mills theory and therefore should decouple in the continuum limit. On the other hand, in the supergravity limit g(YM)(2)N-->infinity, we find that the masses of the Kaluza-Klein states are comparable to those of the glueballs. We also show that the leading (g(YM)(2)N)(-1) corrections do not make these states heavier than the glueballs. Therefore, the decoupling of the Kaluza-Klein states is not evident to this order. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Ooguri, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ooguri, Hirosi/A-4407-2011; OI Ooguri, Hirosi/0000-0001-6021-3778 NR 12 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 437 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00877-6 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 130HM UT WOS:000076514300012 ER PT J AU Vorobieff, P Ecke, RE AF Vorobieff, P Ecke, RE TI Transient states during spin-up of a Rayleigh-Benard cell SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSPORT; NUMBER CONVECTION; ROTATING FLUID; TURBULENCE; STABILITY AB The influence of impulsive spin-up on Rayleigh-Benard convection in a cylindrical cell with radius-to-height ratio Gamma=0.5 is investigated. Velocity and temperature fields in the thin layer adjacent to the top of the cell are measured by means of particle image velocimetry and thermochromic liquid crystal visualization. The cell, initially in steady nonrotating convection, is rapidly accelerated to steady rotation about its vertical axis with dimensionless rotation rates 4 x10(3)less than or equal to Omega less than or equal to 8x10(4). Rayleigh numbers Ra vary from 5x10(7) to 5x10(8). In a large part of this domain of the parameter space, axisymmetric structures appear near the top of the cell. In most cases, a single ring forms with a radius close to 3/4 of the radius of the cell. The same experiment without heating produces typical Ekman spin-up devoid of ring structures. The ring is characterized by a local decrease in temperature and azimuthal velocity. As the flow evolves, an azimuthal velocity gradient forming across the ring causes shear instability and leads to the emergence of Kelvin-Helmholz vortices. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Condensed Matter, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vorobieff, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Condensed Matter, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kalmoth@lanl.gov RI Vorobieff, Peter/B-3376-2011; OI Vorobieff, Peter/0000-0003-0631-7263; Ecke, Robert/0000-0001-7772-5876 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 1998 VL 10 IS 10 BP 2525 EP 2538 DI 10.1063/1.869768 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 122DP UT WOS:000076056900010 ER PT J AU Davidson, RC Felice, GM AF Davidson, RC Felice, GM TI Influence of profile shape on the diocotron instability in a non-neutral plasma column SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PURE ELECTRON PLASMAS; STABILITY THEOREM; 2D TURBULENCE; FLOW; FIELD; RELAXATION; BEAMS; MODE AB In this paper we examine theoretically the influence of density profile shape on the diocotron instability in a cylindrical, low-density (omega(pe)(2) much less than omega(ce)(2)) non-neutral electron plasma column confined radially by a uniform axial magnetic field B-o(e) over cap(z). The analysis assumes electrostatic flute perturbations (partial derivative/partial derivative z = 0) about an axisymmetric equilibrium density profile n(e)(o)(r), where r = (x(2) + y(2))(1/2) is the radial distance from the column axis. Two classes of density profiles with inverted population in radius r are considered. These are the following: (a) a step-function density profile with uniform density (n) over cap(e) .Delta in the column interior 0 less than or equal to r1. However, unlike tilt stability, gyro-viscosity has little effect on shift stability. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(98)03110-3]. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ji, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI pomphrey, neil/G-4405-2010; Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1998 VL 5 IS 10 BP 3685 EP 3693 DI 10.1063/1.872978 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 124PE UT WOS:000076190200027 ER PT J AU Whyte, DG Isler, RC Wade, MR Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Hung, CC West, WP AF Whyte, DG Isler, RC Wade, MR Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Hung, CC West, WP TI Argon density measurements from charge-exchange spectroscopy SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB Charge-exchange spectroscopy is widely used to determine the profiles of fully stripped low-Z ions (carbon, oxygen, neon) in fusion plasmas. Continuing interest in the use of heavier impurities for radiative cooling in boundaries and divertors of fusion plasmas has encouraged the expansion of this technique for elements such as argon which are not completely burned out in present machines. As a first step, it has been necessary to predict the wavelengths of transitions from Ar XVI to Ar XVIII from theoretical calculations. Several of these have been detected in the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159] subsequent to argon puffing into neutral-beam injected plasmas, and the experimentally determined wavelengths are in good agreement with the predicted values. Argon ion densities have been determined using recent Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) computations of the charge- exchange cross sections, and some radial profiles for specific ionization stages have been measured. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(98)03810-5]. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Whyte, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. OI Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1998 VL 5 IS 10 BP 3694 EP 3699 DI 10.1063/1.872979 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 124PE UT WOS:000076190200028 ER PT J AU Carreras, BA Lynch, VE Zushi, H Ichiguchi, K Wakatani, M AF Carreras, BA Lynch, VE Zushi, H Ichiguchi, K Wakatani, M TI Internal disruptions in Heliotron E* SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY PROPERTIES; HIGH-BETA; EQUILIBRIUM; CONFINEMENT; TORSATRONS; IDEAL; INSTABILITIES; PLASMAS AB In Heliotron E [K. Uo, Nucl. Fusion 25, 1243 [1985)] shifted-in vacuum magnetic field configuration, the q profile varies from just above 2 at the magnetic axis to 0.4 at the plasma edge. For low-beta plasmas, resistive interchange modes are the dominant low-n instabilities at the plasma core. They saturate at low fluctuation levels. Above a threshold value, the ideal m/n = 2/1 modes become unstable. They can be resonant or nonresonant modes depending on the value of q( 0). In either case, their nonlinear evolution leads to a sudden crash of the pressure within the r/a = 0.3 radius (sawtooth oscillation). When beta is increased further, the q = 2 surface moves out of the plasma, and the ideal m/n = 2/1 modes are effectively stabilized when q(0) < 1.85. As a result, the sawtooth oscillations are suppressed. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(98)03910-X]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Kyoto, Japan. RP Carreras, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636; NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1998 VL 5 IS 10 BP 3700 EP 3707 DI 10.1063/1.872980 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 124PE UT WOS:000076190200029 ER PT J AU Dittrich, TR Haan, SW Marinak, MM Pollaine, SM McEachern, R AF Dittrich, TR Haan, SW Marinak, MM Pollaine, SM McEachern, R TI Reduced scale National Ignition Facility capsule design SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TRITIUM AB In this article we describe the design and simulated performance characteristics of an indirectly-driven inertial confinement fusion capsule which utilizes only 900 kJ of laser energy and 250 TW of laser power from the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Paisner et al., Laser Focus World 30, 75 (1994)]. This intentional reduction in laser performance from the nominal NIF specifications of 1.8 MJ and 500 TW results in lowering the hohlraum x-ray drive temperature from 300 eV to 250 eV. These energy and radiation temperature reductions are believed to define a "lower bound'' on the successful implosion of an ignition capsule. This reduced scale capsule has a beryllium ablator containing a radially varying copper dopant, and a cryogenic solid deuterium-tritium fuel layer surrounding a cavity filled with equilibrium vapor pressure gaseous deuterium and tritium. Two-dimensional simulations predict ignition and propagated burn from this capsule when either Rayleigh-Taylor instability or time-dependent drive asymmetry effects are included. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(98)00910-0]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dittrich, TR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1998 VL 5 IS 10 BP 3708 EP 3713 DI 10.1063/1.873086 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 124PE UT WOS:000076190200030 ER PT J AU Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Spielman, RB Peterson, DL Mosher, D Roderick, NF AF Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Spielman, RB Peterson, DL Mosher, D Roderick, NF TI Increased x-ray power generated from low-mass large-number aluminum-wire-array Z-pinch implosions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID K-SHELL EMISSION; PLASMAS; DIAGNOSTICS; OPTIMIZATION; OUTPUT AB A Saturn accelerator study of annular, aluminum-wire-array, Z-pinch implosions in the calculated high-wire-number plasma-shell regime [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 5063 (1996)] shows that a factor of 2 decrease in pulse width and an associated doubling of the total radiated x- ray power occurs when the mass of 12 mm radius, 2 cm long array is reduced from above 1.9 mg to below 1.3 mg. The study utilized extensive time- and space-resolved measurements to characterize the implosion over the mass range 0.42-3.4 mg. Eulerian radiation-magnetohydrodynamic-code simulations in the r-z plane agree qualitatively with the measurements. They suggest that the pulse-width decrease with mass is due to the faster implosion velocity of the plasma shell relative to the growth of the shell thickness that arises from a two-stage development of the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Over the bulk of the mass-range explored, the variation in K-shell (lines plus free-bound continuum) yield is in qualitative agreement with simple K-shell radiation-scaling models. These models indicate that the doubling of the measured K-shell yield, which also occurs for masses below 1.3 mg relative to masses above 1.9 mg, arises from increased plasma temperature. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(98)01410-4]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Sanford, TWL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM twsanfo@sandia.gov NR 46 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1998 VL 5 IS 10 BP 3737 EP 3754 DI 10.1063/1.872984 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 124PE UT WOS:000076190200034 ER PT J AU Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Spielman, RB Peterson, DL Mosher, D Roderick, NF AF Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Spielman, RB Peterson, DL Mosher, D Roderick, NF TI Symmetric aluminum-wire arrays generate high-quality Z pinches at large array radii SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; HIGH-POWER; DIAGNOSTICS; IMPLOSIONS; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; PLASMAS; ENERGY AB A Saturn-accelerator study of annular, aluminum-wire array, Z-pinch implosions, in the calculated high-wire-number plasma-shell regime [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 5063 (1996)], shows that the radiated x-ray pulse width increases from about 4 nsec to about 7 nsec, when the radius of the array is increased from 8.75 to 20 mm at a fixed array mass of 0.6 mg. Eulerian radiation-magnetohydrodynamic code (E-RMHC) simulations in the r-z plane suggest that this pulse-width increase with radius is due to the faster growth of the shell thickness (that arises from a two-stage development in the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability) relative to the increase in the shell implosion velocity. Over the array radii explored, the measured peak total x-ray power of similar to 40 TW and energy of similar to 325 kJ show little change outside of a +/-15% shot-to-shot fluctuation and are consistent with the E-RMHC simulations. Similarly, the measured peak K-shell (lines plus continuum) power of similar to 8 TW and energy of similar to 70 kJ show little change with radius. The minimal change in K-shell yield is in agreement with simple K-shell radiation scaling models that assume a fixed radial compression for all initial array radii. These results suggest that the improved uniformity provided by the large number of wires in the initial array reduces the disruptive effects of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability observed in small-wire-number imploding loads. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(98)01510-9]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Sanford, TWL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1998 VL 5 IS 10 BP 3755 EP 3763 DI 10.1063/1.872985 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 124PE UT WOS:000076190200035 ER PT J AU Grant, P Chambers, D Grace, L Phinney, D Hutcheon, I AF Grant, P Chambers, D Grace, L Phinney, D Hutcheon, I TI Advanced techniques in physical forensic science SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID FATAL EXPLOSION; FUSION AB Ultrasensitive mass spectrometry is now being applied in forensic investigations. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Isotope Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Grant, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 1998 VL 51 IS 10 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1063/1.882423 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125VC UT WOS:000076256900012 ER PT J AU Lederman, LM Bautz, LP Berley, D Lightbody, JW AF Lederman, LM Bautz, LP Berley, D Lightbody, JW TI Marcel Bardon - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Lederman, LM (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 1998 VL 51 IS 10 BP 102 EP 102 DI 10.1063/1.882424 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125VC UT WOS:000076256900025 ER PT J AU Nero, AV AF Nero, AV TI Arguing about history: Silicon versus the industrial revolution SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nero, AV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 1998 VL 51 IS 10 BP 114 EP + DI 10.1063/1.882382 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125VC UT WOS:000076256900029 ER PT J AU Collins, B Wein, G AF Collins, B Wein, G TI Soil heterogeneity effects on canopy structure and composition during early succession SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil resource heterogeneity; vegetation heterogeneity; canopy structure; Solidago altissima; Ambrosia trifida ID FIELD PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; COMPETITION; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; MINNESOTA; NUTRIENT; GRADIENT AB Early succession from annuals to herbaceous and woody perennials on abandoned fields and grasslands is marked by vegetation heterogeneity; i.e., variation in canopy composition and structure over the field through time. Soil resource heterogeneity could promote vegetation heterogeneity. We created soil resource patchiness on two newly ploughed fields by establishing two types (fertilized, unfertilized) of checkerboard plots with two, four, or eight subplots (trenched, untrenched) to test effects of soil fertility heterogeneity scale on vegetation heterogeneity during early succession. Canopy composition and structure were censused in years 2, 4 and 6. On both fields, soil resource heterogeneity did not affect canopy composition or structure. Differential abundance of dominant species, Ambrosia trifida on one field and Solidago altissima on the other, between fertilized and unfertilized plots led to decreased vegetation heterogeneity among subplots within plots and increased vegetation heterogeneity among plots. Soil enrichment promoted taller and layered, but species-poor, canopy. In general, soil fertility effects on abundance, expansion, and dominance of individuals of dominant species promoted variation in canopy composition and structure, or vegetation heterogeneity, among plots on the two fields. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Collins, B (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 138 IS 2 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1023/A:1009715519836 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 133LJ UT WOS:000076687800008 ER PT J AU Rogers, A Fischer, BU Bryant, J Frehner, M Blum, H Raines, CA Long, SP AF Rogers, A Fischer, BU Bryant, J Frehner, M Blum, H Raines, CA Long, SP TI Acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 under low-nitrogen nutrition is affected by the capacity for assimilate utilization. Perennial ryegrass under free-air CO2 enrichment SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS L; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSCRIPT LEVELS; GAS-EXCHANGE; PLANTS; LEAVES; GROWTH; ACCUMULATION AB Acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 has previously been shown to be more pronounced when N supply is poor. Is this a direct effect of N or an indirect effect of N by limiting the development of sinks for photoassimilate? This question was tested by growing a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in the field under elevated (60 Pa) and current (36 Pa) partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) at low and high levels of N fertilization. Cutting of this herbage crop at 4- to 8-week intervals removed about 80% of the canopy, therefore decreasing the ratio of photosynthetic area to sinks for photoassimilate. Leaf photosynthesis, in vivo carboxylation capacity, carbohydrate, N, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, sedoheptulose-l,7-bisphosphatase, and chloroplastic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase levels were determined for mature lamina during two consecutive summers. just before the cut, when the canopy was relatively large, growth at elevated pCO(2) and low N resulted in significant decreases in carboxylation capacity and the amount of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase protein. In high N there were no significant decreases in carboxylation capacity or proteins, but chloroplastic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase protein levels increased significantly. Elevated pCO(2) resulted in a marked and significant increase in leaf carbohydrate content at low N, but had no effect at high N. This acclimation at low N was absent after the harvest, when the canopy size was small. These results suggest that acclimation under low N is caused by limitation of sink development rather than being a direct effect of N supply on photosynthesis. C1 Univ Essex, John Tabor Labs, Dept Biol Sci, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. ETH Zurich, Inst Plant Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Biol & Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Essex, John Tabor Labs, Dept Biol Sci, Wivenhoe Pk, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. EM stevel@essex.ac.uk RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430 NR 37 TC 131 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 118 IS 2 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1104/pp.118.2.683 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 128JU UT WOS:000076403300036 ER PT J AU Bonivert, WD Cushnie, G AF Bonivert, WD Cushnie, G TI Compliance assistance resources SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT News Item C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CAI Engn, Oakton, VA 22124 USA. RP Bonivert, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, M-S 9404,Box 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 USA SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 85 IS 10 BP 50 EP 51 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 124FL UT WOS:000076171700009 ER PT J AU Ruscetti, T Newman, J Peat, TS Francis, J Nolan, R Terwilliger, TC Peterson, SR Lehnert, BE AF Ruscetti, T Newman, J Peat, TS Francis, J Nolan, R Terwilliger, TC Peterson, SR Lehnert, BE TI A nondenaturing purification scheme for the DNA-binding domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a structure-specific DNA-binding protein SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRAND BREAKS; CLEAVAGE; ZINC; SYNTHETASE; SEQUENCE; REPAIR; CELLS; CDNA AB Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is thought to be involved in DNA repair given its ability to recognize and bind to DNA strand breaks. During apoptosis, PARP is proteolytically cleaved into two stable fragments, the N-terminal 25-kDa DNA-binding domain (DBD) and the 85-kDa fragment containing the automodification and catalytic domains, To understand the DNA-binding properties of PARP, we expressed a recombinant hexahistidine tagged protein (His-DBD) in Escherichia coli. We modified expression to facilitate protein folding by including zinc and reducing the induction temperature, Properly folded, the DNA-binding domain of PARP binds to single- and double-stranded DNA in a structure-specific manner. To eliminate contamination with bacterial DNA that occurred during the purification process, a purification procedure was developed to produce DNA-free protein. In addition, to remove the hexahistidine tag from the recombinant protein, thrombin cleavage was carried out while the recombinant protein was bound to a DNA column. This procedure stabilized the recombinant protein and resulted in nearly 100% cleavage with no appreciable loss to unwanted proteolytic degradation. This nondenaturing purification scheme results in high-quality, native PARP-DBD for use in structural and biochemical studies. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Cell & Mol Biol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Struct Biol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lehnert, BE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Cell & Mol Biol Grp, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Peat, Thomas/F-9817-2010; Newman, Janet/D-1857-2011 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Peat, Thomas/0000-0002-6488-0831; Newman, Janet/0000-0003-2666-3219 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1006/prep.1998.0919 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 127GB UT WOS:000076341500011 PM 9758754 ER PT J AU Graham, JR Abrams, M Bennett, C Carr, J Cook, K Dey, A Najita, J Wishnow, E AF Graham, JR Abrams, M Bennett, C Carr, J Cook, K Dey, A Najita, J Wishnow, E TI The performance and scientific rationale for an infrared imaging Fourier transform spectrograph on a large space telescope SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; K-BAND SURVEY; PLANETARY COMPANION; GALAXY COUNTS; SPECTROMETER; SPECTROSCOPY; REDUCTION; OBJECTS; ROCKET AB We describe a concept for an imaging spectrograph for a large orbiting observatory such as NASA's proposed Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) based on an imaging Fourier transform spectrograph (IFTS). An IFTS has several important advantages that make it an ideal instrument to pursue the scientific objectives of NGST. We review the operation of an IFTS and make a quantitative evaluation of the signal-to-noise performance of such an instrument in the context of NGST. We consider the relationship between pixel size, spectral resolution, and diameter of the beam splitter for imaging and nonimaging Fourier transform spectrographs and give the condition required to maintain spectral modulation efficiency over the entire field of view. We give examples of scientific programs that could be performed with this facility. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ITT Aerosp, Commun Div, Ft Wayne, IN 46801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Graham, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 110 IS 752 BP 1205 EP 1215 DI 10.1086/316237 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134LU UT WOS:000076745200008 ER PT J AU Hamm, RN Stabin, MG Turner, JE AF Hamm, RN Stabin, MG Turner, JE TI Investigation of a Monte Carlo model for chemical reactions SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON RADIOLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LIQUID WATER; GLYCYLGLYCINE; SIMULATION; CHEMISTRY; PRODUCTS AB Monte Carlo computer simulations are in use at a number of laboratories for calculating time-dependent yields, which can be compared with experiments in the radiolysis of water. We report here on calculations to investigate the validity and consistency of the procedures used for simulating chemical reactions in our code, RADLYS. Model calculations were performed of the rate constants themselves. The rates thus determined showed an expected rapid decline over the first few hundred ps and a very gradual decline thereafter out to the termination of the calculations at 4.5 ns. Results are reported for different initial concentrations and numbers of reactive species. Generally, the calculated rate constants are smallest when the initial concentrations of the reactants are largest. It is found that inhomogeneities that quickly develop in the initial random spatial distribution of reactants persist in time as a result of subsequent chemical reactions, and thus conditions may poorly approximate those assumed from diffusion theory. We also investigated the reaction of a single species of one type placed among a large number of randomly distributed species of another type with which it could react. The distribution of survival times of the single species was calculated by using three different combinations of the diffusion constants for the two species, as is sometimes discussed in diffusion theory. The three methods gave virtually identical results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Turner, JE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jeturner@usit.net NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 37 IS 3 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s004110050110 PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 138GJ UT WOS:000076963300003 PM 9840483 ER PT J AU Bolch, WE Turner, JE Yoshida, H Jacobson, KB Hamm, RN Crawford, OH AF Bolch, WE Turner, JE Yoshida, H Jacobson, KB Hamm, RN Crawford, OH TI Product yields from irradiated glycylglycine in oxygen-free solutions: Monte Carlo simulations and comparison with experiments SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON RADIOLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; TRACK STRUCTURE; LIQUID WATER; RADICALS; MODEL AB The radiation chemistry of photon-irradiated aqueous solutions of biological molecules may be considered under four distinct time regimes: physical transport (less than or equal to 10(-15) s); prechemical conversion of H(2)O(+), H(2)O*, and subexcitation electrons into free radicals and molecular products (10(-15) s to 10(-12) s); chemical reactions within individual electron tracks (10(-12) s to 10(-6) s); and chemical reactions within overlapping tracks (>10(-6) s). We have previously reported of the use of the Monte Carlo radiation transport/chemistry codes OPEC and RADLYS to model the radiolysis of glycylglycine in oxygen-free solution to a time of 1 mu s. These simulations successfully predicted the yields of free ammonia, an end product created solely in the reaction of the hydrated electron with the solute within individual tracks. Other measurable products are only partially created during intratrack reactions, and thus one must additionally consider the late, intertrack chemistry of this system. In this paper, we extend our simulations of glycylglycine radiolysis to model for the first time the events which occur during this late chemistry stage. The model considers the product rates of the reactants in bulk solution by using previously available microsecond intratrack yields given by single-track OREC/RADLYS simulations and an x-ray dose rate of 2.80 Gy min(-1) as used in a companion experimental program. These rates are then applied in a series of coupled, differential rate equations that describe the solution chemistry of glycylglycine radiolysis. Product yields are reported as a function of time over a total irradiation period of 10(4) s. Excellent overall agreement is seen between the theoretical predictions and measurements of five radiolysis end products: free ammonia, acetylglycine, diaminosuccinic acid, aspartic acid, and succinic acid. The model also gives the explicit contributions of intratrack and intertrack reactions to the various end products. For example, the model predicts that similar to 56% and 93% of succinic acid and aspartic acid, respectively, are produced during intertrack reactions at a solute concentration of 0.05 M; these contributions drop to 0.07% and 11%, respectively, at 1.2 M. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bolch, WE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wesley-bolch@ufl.edu NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 37 IS 3 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s004110050111 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 138GJ UT WOS:000076963300004 PM 9840484 ER PT J AU Moiseenko, VV Hamm, RN Waker, AJ Prestwich, WV AF Moiseenko, VV Hamm, RN Waker, AJ Prestwich, WV TI The cellular environment in computer simulations of radiation induced damage to DNA SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; IONIZING-RADIATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; TRACK STRUCTURE; ELECTRONS; CHEMISTRY; WATER; RADIOLYSIS; YIELDS; EVENTS AB Radiation-induced DNA single- and double-strand breaks were modeled for 660 keV photon radiation and scavenger capacity mimicking the cellular environment. Atomistic representation of DNA in B form with a first hydration shell was utilized to model direct and indirect damage. Monte Carlo generated electron tracks were used to model energy deposition in matter and to derive initial spatial distributions of species which appear in the medium following radiolysis. Diffusion of species was followed with time, and their reactions with DNA and each other were modeled in an encounter-controlled manner. Three methods to account for hydroxyl radical diffusion in a cellular environment were tested: assumed exponential survival, time-limited modeling and modeling of reactions between hydroxyl radicals and scavengers in an encounter-controlled manner. Although the method based on modeling scavenging in an encounter-controlled manner is more precise, it requires substantially more computer resources than either the exponential or time-limiting method. Scavenger concentrations of 0.5 and 0.15 M were considered using exponential and encounter-controlled methods with reaction rate set at 3x10(9) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1). Diffusion length and strand break yields, predicted by these two methods for the same scavenger molarity, were different by 20%-30%. The method based on limiting time of chemistry follow-up to 10(-9) s leads to DNA damage and radical diffusion estimates similar to 0.5 M scavenger concentration in the other two methods. The difference observed in predictions made by the methods considered could be tolerated in computer simulations of DNA damage. C1 London Reg Canc Ctr, Dept Phys, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RP Moiseenko, VV (reprint author), London Reg Canc Ctr, Dept Phys, 790 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. EM vmoiseen@phy.lrcc.on.ca NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 37 IS 3 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s004110050112 PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 138GJ UT WOS:000076963300005 PM 9840485 ER PT J AU Kaplan, MI Morgan, WF AF Kaplan, MI Morgan, WF TI The nucleus is the target for radiation-induced chromosomal instability SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INDUCED GENOMIC INSTABILITY; DELAYED REPRODUCTIVE DEATH; X-RAYS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; I-125 DECAY; DNA-DAMAGE; CELL-DEATH; ABERRATIONS; TRANSFORMATION; IRRADIATION AB We have previously described chromosomal instability in cells of a human-hamster hybrid cell line after exposure to X rays. Chromosomal instability in these cells is characterized by the appearance of novel chromosomal rearrangements multiple generations after exposure to ionizing radiation. To identify the cellular target(s) for radiation-induced chromosomal instability, cells were treated with I-125-labeled compounds and frozen. Radioactive decays from I-125 cause damage to the cell primarily at the site of their decay, and freezing the cells allows damage to accumulate in the absence of other cellular processes. We found that-the decay of I-125-iododeoxyuridine, which is incorporated into the DNA, caused chromosomal instability. While cell killing and first-division chromosomal rearrangements increased with increasing numbers of I-125 decays, the frequency of chromosomal instability was independent of dose. Chromosomal instability could also be induced from incorporation of I-125-iododeoxyuridine without freezing the cells for accumulation of decays, This indicates that DNA double-strand breaks in frozen cells resulting from 125I decays failed to lead to instability. Incorporation of an I-125-labeled protein (I-125-succinyl-concanavalin A), which was internalized into the cell and/or bound to the plasma membrane, neither caused chromosomal instability nor potentiated chromosomal instability induced by I-125-iododeoxyuridine. These results show that the target for radiation-induced chromosomal instability in these cells is the nucleus. (C) 1998 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Grad Grp Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kaplan, MI (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 73924]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM54189] NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 150 IS 4 BP 382 EP 390 DI 10.2307/3579656 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 124VE UT WOS:000076202700002 PM 9768851 ER PT J AU Deng, W Morrison, DP Gale, KL Lucas, JN AF Deng, W Morrison, DP Gale, KL Lucas, JN TI Biological dosimetry of beta-ray exposure from tritium using chromosome translocations in human lymphocytes analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE; TRITIATED-WATER; GAMMA-RAYS; RADIATION; ABERRATIONS; PERSISTENCE; CELLS AB Radiation exposures from tritium make up a substantial fraction of the occupational and accidental radiation exposures associated with the nuclear power industry. Tritiated water, the most abundant form of tritium, is of particular interest because it is readily taken up by human cells and its irradiation of the cells is spread over a period of days. To approximate the prolonged exposure and the conditions that the cells of an individual would experience in vivo, we irradiated human lymphocytes with tritiated water for 48 h in a 1:1 blood:medium mix. For estimation of the tritium beta-ray dose, a cellular water content of 0.78, based on measurements of human lymphoblastoid cells in culture medium, was used. A modified dose calculation formula was developed for the radiation exposure conditions. A total of 48,014 metaphases (14,482 in irradiated samples and 33,532 in control, unirradiated samples) in human lymphocytes cultured for 72 h after exposure were analyzed for chromosome translocations using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The linear slope (alpha coefficient) of the dose-response curve was measured to be (3.93 +/- 0.42) x 10(-2) and (5.26 +/- 0.48) x 10(-2) translocations per cell per gray for complete translocations (tc) and complete translocations plus incomplete translocations [ti(Ab)], respectively, when the data were fitted to a linear model using a weighted least-squares method. The alpha coefficient for tc is significantly lower than that for conventionally measured dicentrics after tritium beta irradiation, but the alpha coefficient for tc + ti(Ab) does not differ significantly from that for dicentrics. This is in agreement with theoretical considerations. The importance of scoring criteria is stressed. The frequency of tc + ti(Ab) is proposed to be a reliable biodosimeter for tritium exposures, and its practical use in a dose reconstruction is presented. (C) 1998 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sichuan Inst Radiat Hlth & Protect, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River Nucl Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Lucas, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Deng, Wen/C-4154-2009 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 150 IS 4 BP 400 EP 405 DI 10.2307/3579658 PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 124VE UT WOS:000076202700004 PM 9768853 ER PT J AU Ciesielski, B Stuglik, Z Wielopolski, L Zvara, I AF Ciesielski, B Stuglik, Z Wielopolski, L Zvara, I TI The effect of high-linear energy transfer ions on the electron paramagnetic resonance signal induced in alanine SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID L-ALPHA-ALANINE; IRRADIATED ALANINE; DOSIMETRY; BEAMS; ESR; SPECTRUM; EPR AB Microcrystalline samples of L-alanine irradiated with energetic high-LET cobalt and iron ions had different EPR spectra compared to alanine samples irradiated with low-LET photons. The differences in the shapes of the EPR spectra and their dependence on the microwave power are related to the differences in the microwave power saturation of the radicals induced by the various types of ionizing radiation. The changes in the shape of the EPR spectra, which were caused by increasing microwave power, were more pronounced in samples irradiated with low-LET radiation than with high-LET particles. This effect showed a long-term stability and can be used to monitor radiation quality, (C) 1998 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Med Acad Gdansk, Dept Phys & Biophys, PL-80211 Gdansk, Poland. Inst Nucl Chem & Technol, PL-03195 Warsaw, Poland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. RP Ciesielski, B (reprint author), Med Acad Gdansk, Dept Phys & Biophys, Debinki 1, PL-80211 Gdansk, Poland. OI Ciesielski, Bartlomiej/0000-0001-8091-6040 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 150 IS 4 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.2307/3579667 PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 124VE UT WOS:000076202700013 PM 9768862 ER PT J AU Hill, DJ Ragland, WA Roglans, J AF Hill, DJ Ragland, WA Roglans, J TI The EBR-II probabilistic risk assessment: lessons learned regarding passive safety SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article AB This article summarizes the results from the EBR-II Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) and provides an analysis of the source of risk of the operation of EBR-II from both internal and external initiating events. The EBR-II PRA explicitly accounts for the role of reactivity feedbacks in reducing fuel damage. The results show that the expected core damage frequency from internal initiating events at EBR-II is very low, 1.6 X 10(-6) yr(-1) even with a wide definition of core damage (essentially that of exceeding Technical Specification limits). The annual frequency of damage, primarily caused by liquid metal fires, from externally initiated events (excluding earthquakes) is 3.6 X 10(-6) yr(-1) and the contribution of seismic events is 1.7 X 10(-5) yr(-1). Overall these results are considerably better than results for other research reactors and the nuclear industry in general and stem from three main sources: low likelihood of loss of coolant caused by low system pressure and top entry double vessels; low Likelihood of loss of decay heat removal caused by reliance on passive means; and low likelihood of power/flow mismatch caused by both passive feedbacks and reliability of rod scram capability. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roglans, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0951-8320(97)00169-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 109EA UT WOS:000075307200009 ER PT J AU Scobel, JH Theofanous, TG Sorrell, SW AF Scobel, JH Theofanous, TG Sorrell, SW TI Application of the risk oriented accident analysis methodology (ROAAM) to severe accident management in the AP600 advanced light water reactor SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article AB An important part of the AP600 design, as well as of the design certification review by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, is devoted to ensuring defense in depth through deep consideration and management of severe accidents. Going beyond the traditional Level 2 PRA, in this article we show how this defense in depth was achieved and demonstrated in a consistent manner between prevention and mitigation, through application of the Integrated ROAAM approach. This requires the up-front integration of probabilistic and deterministic thought, which leads naturally to clear and coherent safety goals as an overall guide toward closure. (C) 1998. Published by Elsevier Science Limited.. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Risk Studies & Safety, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Westinghouse Elect Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 USA. US Dept Energy, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Theofanous, TG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Risk Studies & Safety, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0951-8320(97)00170-1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 109EA UT WOS:000075307200010 ER PT J AU Siu, NO Kelly, DL AF Siu, NO Kelly, DL TI Bayesian parameter estimation in probabilistic risk assessment SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY AB Bayesian statistical methods are widely used in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) because of their ability to provide useful estimates of model parameters when data are sparse and because the subjective probability framework, from which these methods are derived, is a natural framework to address the decision problems motivating PRA. This paper presents a tutorial on Bayesian parameter estimation especially relevant to PRA. It summarizes the philosophy behind these methods, approaches for constructing likelihood functions and prior distributions, some simple but realistic examples, and a variety of cautions and lessons regarding practical applications. References are also provided for more in-depth coverage of various topics. Published by Elsevier Science Limited. C1 US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Regulatory Res, Washington, DC 20555 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Siu, NO (reprint author), US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Regulatory Res, Washington, DC 20555 USA. NR 53 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0951-8320(97)00159-2 PG 28 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 109EA UT WOS:000075307200013 ER PT J AU Bennett, DH James, AL McKone, TE Oldenburg, CM AF Bennett, DH James, AL McKone, TE Oldenburg, CM TI On uncertainty in remediation analysis: variance propagation from subsurface transport to exposure modeling SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; STEAM INJECTION; WATER; GROUNDWATER; REMOVAL; FLOW AB Addressing long-term potential human exposures to, and health risks from contaminants in the subsurface environment requires the use of models. Because these models must project contaminant behavior into the future, and make use of highly variable landscape properties, there is uncertainty associated with predictions of long-term exposure. Many parameters used in both subsurface contaminant transport simulation and health risk assessment have Variance owing to uncertainty and/or variability. These parameters are best represented by ranges or probability distributions rather than single values. Based on a case study with information from an actual site contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE), we demonstrate the propagation of variance in the simulation of risk using a complex subsurface contaminant transport simulation model integrated with a multi-pathway human health risk model. Ranges of subsurface contaminant concentrations are calculated with the subsurface transport simulator T2VOC (using the associated code ITOUGH2 for uncertainty analysis) for a three-dimensional system in which TCE migrates in both the Vadose and saturated zones over extended distances and time scales. The subsurface TCE concentration distributions are passed to CalTOX, a multimedia, multi-pathway exposure model, which is used to calculate risk through multiple exposure pathways based on inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact. Monte Carlo and linear methods are used for the propagation of uncertainty owing to parameter variance. We demonstrate how rank correlation can be used to evaluate contributions to overall uncertainty from each model system. In this sample TCE case study, we find that although exposure model uncertainties are significant, subsurface transport uncertainties are dominant. Published by Elsevier Science Limited. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McKone, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warrren Hall,7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI James, April/D-1415-2012; Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0951-8320(97)00160-9 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 109EA UT WOS:000075307200014 ER PT J AU Shapira, D Lewis, TA AF Shapira, D Lewis, TA TI The Holifield radioactive ion beams facility (HRIBF) - getting ready to do experiments SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXI Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 05-08, 1998 CL OAXTEPEC, MEXICO SP Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Soc Mexicana Fis, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Ctr Latinoamer Fis DE radioactive beams; mass spectrometers AB The conversion of the HHIRF facility to a radioactive ion beam facility started in 1994. In this ISOL type facility the cyclotron has been re-fitted as a driver providing high intensity proton beams which react with the target from which the radioactive products are extracted and then accelerated in the tandem electrostatic accelerator to the desired energy for nuclear science studies. Facilities for nuclear physics experiments are at different stages of development: A recoil mass spectrometer (RMS) with a complement of detectors at the focal plane and around the target is used primarily for nuclear structure studies. A large recoil separator combining velocity and momentum selection, with its complement of focal plane detectors, will be dedicated to measurements relevant to nuclear astrophysics. The enge split pole spectrograph is being re-fitted for operation in a gas filled mode, making it a more versatile tool for nuclear reaction studies. With the new experimental equipment being commissioned and the prospects of running experiments with low intensity radioactive beams a significant effort to develop equipment for beam diagnostics is underway. Some of our efforts and results in developing beam diagnostic tools will be described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shapira, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 44 SU 2 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 136YT UT WOS:000076887200015 ER PT J AU Pollacco, EC Brzychczyk, J Volant, C Legrain, R Nalpas, L Bracken, DS Kwiatkowski, K Morley, KB Foxford, ER Viola, VE Yoder, NR Korteling, RG Breuer, H del Campo, JG Cugnon, J AF Pollacco, EC Brzychczyk, J Volant, C Legrain, R Nalpas, L Bracken, DS Kwiatkowski, K Morley, KB Foxford, ER Viola, VE Yoder, NR Korteling, RG Breuer, H del Campo, JG Cugnon, J TI Boiling a nucleus SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXI Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 05-08, 1998 CL OAXTEPEC, MEXICO SP Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Soc Mexicana Fis, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Ctr Latinoamer Fis DE [supon]3[supoff]H-; [supon]3[supoff]He-; [supon]4[supoff]He; induced reactions ID ENERGY AB In the reaction He-3 + Ag hot nuclei are formed with excitation energies close to the total binding energy. A relatively large proportion of these events decay leaving a heavy fragment and light particles. These events have an non multifragmentation character. C1 CEA Saclay, CEA, DAPNIA SphN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, IUCF, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Liege, Inst Phys, B-4000 Liege 1, Belgium. RP Pollacco, EC (reprint author), CEA Saclay, CEA, DAPNIA SphN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 44 SU 2 BP 102 EP 106 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 136YT UT WOS:000076887200019 ER PT J AU Burger, J Kennamer, RA Brisbin, IL Gochfeld, M AF Burger, J Kennamer, RA Brisbin, IL Gochfeld, M TI A risk assessment for consumers of mourning doves SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; mourning doves; hunting; radionuclides; heavy metals; lead shot; cesium ID FISH CONSUMPTION; HAZARDS; PERCEPTION; FISHERMEN; SITE; LEAD; FOOD AB Recreational and subsistence hunters and anglers consume a wide range of species, including birds, mammals, fish and shellfish, some of which represent significant exposure pathways for environmental toxic agents. This study focuses on the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Savannah River Site (SRS), a former nuclear weapons production facility in South Carolina. The potential risk of contaminant intake fi om consuming mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), the most popular United States game bird, was examined under various risk scenarios. For all of these scenarios we used the mean tissue concentration of six metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, selenium, chromium, manganese) and radiocesium, in doves collected on smd near SRS. We also estimated risk to a child consuming doves that had the maximum contaminant level. We used the cancer slope factor for radiocesium, the Environmental Protection Agencies Uptake/Biokinetic model for lead, and published reference doses for the other metals. As a result of our risk assessments we recommend management of water levels in contaminated reservoirs so that lake bed sediments are not exposed to use by gamebirds and other terrestrial wildlife. Particularly, measures should be taken to insure that the hunting public does not have access to such a site. Our data also indicate that doves on popular hunting areas are exposed to excess lead, suggesting that banning lead shot for doves, as has been done for waterfowl, is desirable. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, Nelson Biol Labs, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Consortium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, Nelson Biol Labs, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO 5022] NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 18 IS 5 BP 563 EP 573 DI 10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005931.39844.35 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 143ZG UT WOS:000077287000005 PM 9853392 ER PT J AU Layne, SP Beugelsdijk, TJ AF Layne, SP Beugelsdijk, TJ TI Mass customized testing and manufacturing via the Internet SO ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE non-real-time; automation; databases; process controls; modular components; high-throughput; mass customized testing; mass customized manufacturing AB This paper sets forth a global scheme for creating Internet-accessible machines that perform a variety of digital-physical operations in a highly flexible manner. The scheme integrates existing capabilities and technologies from a number of areas - laboratory science, automation and robotics, interconnect standards, object-oriented languages, relational databases,shipping services, and Internet providers. For scientific and medical research applications, the batch science machines described herein would serve as programmable laboratory technicians, perform the work of hundreds of humans, and help investigators tackle "big" problems. For consumer- related applications, the batch manufacturing machines described herein would allow individuals to design, order, and purchase many types of customized product at the touch of a button. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Layne, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, POB 951772,73-320 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5845 J9 ROBOT CIM-INT MANUF JI Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf. PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 14 IS 5-6 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.1016/S0736-5845(98)00033-7 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA 157DX UT WOS:000078045800005 ER PT J AU Comtois, JH Michalicek, MA Barron, CC AF Comtois, JH Michalicek, MA Barron, CC TI Electrothermal actuators fabricated in four-level planarized surface micromachined polycrystalline silicon SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators CY JUN 16-19, 1997 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE microactuators; micromotors; polysilicon; surface micromachining; SUMMiT AB This paper presents the results of tests performed on a variety of electrothermal microactuators and arrays of these actuators. The results are intended to aid designers of thermally actuated mechanisms, and they would apply to any surface micromachined polysilicon MEMS processes. Results presented include force and deflection vs, input power, maximum operating frequency, and the effects of long term operation. The end result is a set of proposed ideal actuator and array geometries for different applications' force requirements. In addition, various methods of arraying these actuators together are presented. Comparisons of these arraying methods allow the designer to choose which method best matches the fabrication process available and the application requirements. Finally, a thermally actuated stepper motor is used to demonstrate a useful application of these arrays. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Barron, CC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0924-4247(98)00108-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 118JY UT WOS:000075835900004 ER PT J AU Smith, BK Sniegowski, JJ LaVigne, G Brown, C AF Smith, BK Sniegowski, JJ LaVigne, G Brown, C TI Thin Teflon-like films for eliminating adhesion in released polysilicon micro structure SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators CY JUN 16-19, 1997 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE adhesion; stiction; microstructures; fluorocarbon; polysilicon; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) ID FLUOROCARBON AB This paper presents a method for depositing thin Teflon-like films to eliminate adhesion or stiction in released polysilicon microstructures. A commercial plasma reactor is used in direct and remote plasma modes with commercially available trifluoromethane (CHF3) to deposit thin hydrophobic films around and under released microstructures. Hard, uniform, Teflon-like films which penetrate into undercuts beneath structures have been produced. Thus far, surfaces beneath gears as large as 1600 mu m diameter with a gap of 2.0 mu m are hydrophobic after being exposed to plasma treatment. These Teflon-like coatings have been shown to reduce the coefficient of friction from 1.0 to 0.07. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, BK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0924-4247(98)00127-7 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 118JY UT WOS:000075835900024 ER PT J AU Marathe, MV Hunt, HB Stearns, RE Radhakrishnan, V AF Marathe, MV Hunt, HB Stearns, RE Radhakrishnan, V TI Approximation algorithms for PSPACE-hard hierarchically and periodically specified problems SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE hierarchical specifications; periodic specifications; PSPACE-hardness; approximation algorithms; computational complexity; CAD systems; VLSI design ID NP-COMPLETE PROBLEMS; DEFINED GRAPHS; SATISFIABILITY PROBLEMS; EFFICIENT; OPTIMIZATION AB We study the efficient approximability of basic graph and logic problems in the literature when instances are specified hierarchically as in [T. Lengauer, J. Assoc. Comput. Mach., 36(1989), pp. 474-509] or are specified by one-dimensional finite narrow periodic specifications as in [E. Wanke, Paths and cycles in finite periodic graphs, in Lecture Notes in Comp. Sci. 711, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993, pp. 751-760]. We show that, for most of the problems Pi considered when specified using k-level-restricted hierarchical specifications or k-narrow periodic specifications, the following hold. (i) Let p be any performance guarantee of a polynomial time approximation algorithm for Pi, when instances are specified using standard specifications. Then For All epsilon > 0, Pi has a polynomial time approximation algorithm with performance guarantee (1 + epsilon)p. (ii) Pi has a polynomial time approximation scheme when restricted to planar instances. These are the first polynomial time approximation schemes for PSPACE-hard hierarchically or periodically specified problems. Since several of the problems considered are PSPACE-hard, our results provide the first examples of natural PSPACE-hard optimization problems that have polynomial time approximation schemes. This answers an open question in Condon et al. [Chicago J. Theoret. Comput. Sci., 1995, Article 4]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Hewlett Packard Corp, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM marathe@lanl.gov; hunt@cs.albany.edu; res@cs.albany.edu; rven@cup.hp.com NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 EI 1095-7111 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1237 EP 1261 DI 10.1137/S0097539795285254 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA ZN976 UT WOS:000073702900002 ER PT J AU Li, RC AF Li, RC TI Relative perturbation theory: I. Eigenvalue and singular value variations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE multiplicative perturbation; relative perturbation theory; relative distance; eigenvalue; singular value; graded matrix ID VALUE DECOMPOSITION; ACCURATE; MATRICES; SUBSPACES; BOUNDS; QR AB The classical perturbation theory for Hermitian matrix eigenvalue and singular value problems provides bounds on the absolute differences between approximate eigenvalues (singular values) and the true eigenvalues (singular values) of a matrix. These bounds may be bad news for small eigenvalues (singular values), which thereby suffer worse relative uncertainty than large ones. However, there are situations where even small eigenvalues are determined to high relative accuracy by the data much more accurately than the classical perturbation theory would indicate. In this paper, we study how eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix A change when it is perturbed to A = D* AD, where D is close to a unitary matrix, and how singular values of a (nonsquare) matrix B change when it is perturbed to (B) over tilde = D(1)* BD(2), where D(1) and D(2) are nearly unitary. It is proved that B under these kinds of perturbations small eigenvalues (singular values) suffer relative changes no worse than large eigenvalues (singular values). Many well-known perturbation theorems, including the Hoffman-Wielandt and Weyl-Lidskii theorems, are extended. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Math Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, RC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Math, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM rcli@cs.uky.edu NR 40 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 19 IS 4 BP 956 EP 982 DI 10.1137/S089547989629849X PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 100EZ UT WOS:000074803900002 ER PT J AU Farrar, CR Jauregui, DA AF Farrar, CR Jauregui, DA TI Comparative study of damage identification algorithms applied to a bridge: I. Experiment SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION; FLEXIBILITY AB Over the past 30 years detecting damage in a structure from changes in global dynamic parameters has received considerable attention from the civil, aerospace and mechanical engineering communities. The basis for this approach to damage detection is that changes in the structure's physical properties (i.e., boundary conditions, stiffness, mass and/or damping) will, in turn, alter the dynamic characteristics (i.e., resonant frequencies, modal damping and mode shapes) of the structure. Changes in properties such as the flexibility or stiffness matrices derived from measured modal properties and changes in mode shape curvature have shown promise for locating structural damage. However, to date there has not been a study reported in the technical literature that directly compares these various methods. The experimental results reported in this paper and the results of a numerical study reported in an accompanying paper attempt to fill this void in the study of damage detection methods. Five methods for damage assessment that have been reported in the technical literature are summarized and compared using experimental modal data from an undamaged and damaged bridge. For the most severe damage case investigated, all methods can accurately locate the damage. The methods show varying levels of success when applied to less severe damage cases. This paper concludes by summarizing some areas of the damage identification process that require further study. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Civil Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 41 TC 206 Z9 229 U1 3 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 7 IS 5 BP 704 EP 719 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/7/5/013 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 134EL UT WOS:000076729900013 ER PT J AU Farrar, CR Jauregui, DA AF Farrar, CR Jauregui, DA TI Comparative study of damage identification algorithms applied to a bridge: II. Numerical study SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB This paper extends the study of damage identification algorithms summarized in the accompanying paper 'Comparative study of damage identification algorithms: 1. Experiment' to numerical examples. A finite element model of a continuous three-span portion of the 1-40 bridges, which once crossed the Rio Grande in Albuquerque, NM, was constructed. Dynamic properties (resonant frequencies and mode shapes) of the undamaged and damaged bridge that were predicted by the numerical models were then correlated with experimental modal analysis results. Once correlated with the experimental results, eight new damage scenarios were introduced into the numerical model including a multiple damage case. Also, results from two undamaged cases were used to study the possibility that the damage identification methods would produce false-positive readings. In all cases analytical modal parameters were extracted from time-history analyses using signal processing techniques similar to those used in the experimental investigation. This study provides further comparisons of the relative accuracy of these different damage identification methods when they are applied to a set of standard numerical problems. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Texas, Dept Civil Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 18 TC 61 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 7 IS 5 BP 720 EP 731 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/7/5/014 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 134EL UT WOS:000076729900014 ER PT J AU del Cueto, JA AF del Cueto, JA TI Method for analyzing series resistance and diode quality factors from field data of photovoltaic modules SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE photovoltaic module; series resistance; diode quality factor ID SCHOTTKY DIODES; IV PLOT AB A procedure is detailed in which the effects of series resistance and diode quality factors are separately analyzed and quantified using current-voltage (IV) data gathered in situ from three photovoltaic (PV) modules. Series resistance losses are implicated to be largely responsible for reduction in the fill factor values for intensities of 60% of one sun or greater. The data presented are from one cadmium telluride (CdTe) and two amorphous silicon (a-Si) modules and were taken in held deployment with a data acquisition system. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP del Cueto, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, M-S 3411 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD OCT PY 1998 VL 55 IS 3 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(98)00123-8 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 131ZZ UT WOS:000076606300008 ER PT J AU Shiralkar, GS Stephenson, RE Joubert, W Lubeck, O Waanders, BV AF Shiralkar, GS Stephenson, RE Joubert, W Lubeck, O Waanders, BV TI Falcon: A production quality distributed memory reservoir simulator SO SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium CY JUN 08-11, 1997 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Soc Petr Engineers AB We describe a new production model, Falcon, that has achieved speeds on parallel computers that are 100 times faster on real world problems than current production models on a vector computer. Falcon has been used to conduct the largest, geostatistical reservoir study ever conducted within Amoco. In this paper we discuss the following: Falcon's data parallel paradigm with FORTRAN 90 and high performance FORTRAN (HPF); its single program, multiple data (SPMD) paradigm with message passing; efficient memory management that enables simulation of enormous studies; a numerical formulation that reconciles the generalized compositional approach (based on component masses and pressure) with earlier approaches (based on pressures and saturations), in a more general and more efficient approach. We also discuss Falcon's scalability up to 512 processor nodes and performance (timings and memory) achieved on a number of parallel platforms, including Gray Research's T3D and T3E, SGI's Power Challenge and Origin 2000, Thinking Machines' CM5, and IBM's SP2. Falcon also runs on single processor computers such as PC's and IBM's RS6000. We discuss a new parallel linear solver technology based on a fully parallel scalable implementation of incomplete lower-upper (ILU) preconditioning coupled with a GMRES or Orthomin iteration process. This naturally ordered global ILU preconditioner is scalable to hundreds of processors, efficiently solving the matrix problems arising from large scale simulations The use of the techniques described in this paper has enabled us to run problem sizes of up to 16.5 million gridblocks. Falcon was used to simulate fifty geostatistically derived realizations of a large, black oil waterflood system. The realizations, each with 2.3 million cells and 1,039 wells, took an average of 4.2 hours to execute on a 128-node CM5 computer, thus enabling the simulation study to finish in less than a month. In this field study, we bypassed upscaling through the use of fine vertical resolution gridding. Our focus has been on the applicability of Falcon to real world problems. Falcon can be used for modeling both small and very large reservoirs, including reservoirs characterized by geostatistics. It can be used to simulate black oil, gas/water, and dry gas reservoirs. And, a fully compositional feature is being developed. C1 Amoco, E&P Technol Grp, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cray SGI, Eagan, MI USA. RP Shiralkar, GS (reprint author), Amoco, E&P Technol Grp, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1094-6470 J9 SPE RESERV EVAL ENG JI SPE Reserv. Eval. Eng. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 1 IS 5 BP 400 EP 407 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 135NV UT WOS:000076809700003 ER PT J AU Vairavamurthy, A AF Vairavamurthy, A TI Using X-ray absorption to probe sulfur oxidation states in complex molecules SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption; XANES; sulfur; oxidation state; oxidation index ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; THIOSULFATE; SPECIATION; CLIMATE AB X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy offers an important non-destructive tool for determining oxidation states and for characterizing chemical speciation. The technique was used to experimentally verify the oxidation states of sulfur in different types of complex molecules because there are irregularities and uncertainties in assigning the values traditionally. The usual practice of determining oxidation states involves using a set of conventional rules. The oxidation state is an important control in the chemical speciation of sulfur, ranging from - 2 to + 6 in its different compounds. Experimental oxidation-state values for various types of sulfur compounds, using their XANES peak-energy positions, were assigned from a scale in which elemental sulfur and sulfate are designated as 0 and + 6, respectively. Because these XANES-based values differed considerably from conventionally determined oxidation states for most sulfur compounds, a new term 'oxidation index' was coined to describe them. The experimental values were closer to those conventional values obtained by assigning shared electrons to the more electronegative atoms than to those based on other customary rules for assigning them. Because the oxidation index is distinct and characteristic for each different type of sulfur functionality, it becomes an important parameter for characterizing sulfur species, and for experimentally verifying uncertain oxidation states. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vairavamurthy, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vmurthy@bnlarm.bnl.gov NR 22 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 54 IS 12 BP 2009 EP 2017 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(98)00153-X PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 137HY UT WOS:000076909700022 ER PT J AU Colovos, C Cascio, D Yeates, TO AF Colovos, C Cascio, D Yeates, TO TI The 1.8 angstrom crystal structure of the ycaC gene product from Escherichia coli reveals an octameric hydrolase of unknown specificity SO STRUCTURE WITH FOLDING & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; CSHase; EntB; hydrolase; PncA; ycaC ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; N-CARBAMOYLSARCOSINE AMIDOHYDROLASE; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; DIFFRACTION DATA; ARTHROBACTER SP; PROGRAM; ARCHAEON; SEARCH AB Background: The ycaC gene comprises a 621 base pair open reading frame in Escherichia coli. The ycaC gene product (ycaCgp) is uncharacterized and has no assigned function. The closest sequence homologs with an assigned function belong to a family of bacterial hydrolases that catalyze isochorismatase-like reactions, but these have only low sequence similarity to ycaCgp (similar to 20% amino acid identity). The ycaCgp was obtained and identified during crystallization trials of an unrelated E. coli protein with which it co-purified. Results: The 1.8 Angstrom crystal structure of ycaCgp reveals an octameric complex comprised of two tetrameric rings. A large three-layer (apa) sandwich domain and a small helical domain form the folded structure of the monomeric unit. Comparisons with sequence and structure databases suggest that ycaCgp belongs to a diverse family of bacterial hydrolases. The most closely related three-dimensional structure is that of the D-2 tetrameric N-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrolase (CSHase) from an Arthrobacter species. A conspicuous cleft between two ycaCgp subunits contains several conserved residues including Cys118, which we propose to be catalytic. In the active site, a nonprolyl cis peptide bond precedes Val114 and coincides with a cis peptide bond in CSHase in a region of dissimilar sequence. The crystal structure reveals a probable error or mutation relative to the reported genomic sequence. Conclusions: Although the specific function of ycaCgp is not yet known, structural studies solidify the relationship of this protein to other hydrolases and illuminate its active site and key elements of the catalytic mechanism. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Yeates, TO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Mol Biol, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM31299, GM07185] NR 40 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON W1P 6LE, ENGLAND SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCT FOLD DES JI Struct. Fold. Des. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1329 EP 1337 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(98)00132-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 131PC UT WOS:000076583600011 PM 9782055 ER PT J AU Clem, JR AF Clem, JR TI Anisotropy and two-dimensional behaviour in the high-temperature superconductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Processing and Critical Current of High-Temperature Semiconductors CY FEB 02-04, 1998 CL WAGGA WAGGA, AUSTRALIA ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; LOWER CRITICAL-FIELD; COUPLED LAYER MODEL; LOCK-IN TRANSITION; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; THIN-FILMS; VORTICES; LATTICE AB The electrodynamic behaviour of the high-temperature cuprate superconductors is strongly affected by the anisotropy of these layered materials. Their transport, magnetic and pinning properties are determined by the properties of vortices, which can be regarded as stacks of two-dimensional (2D) pancake vortices (with cores localized in the CuO2 layers, bilayers or trilayers) connected by Josephson vortices (with cores localized in the nonsuperconducting charge-reservoir layers). When the Josephson coupling between the superconducting layers is strong, as in YBCO, the line energy associated with the Josephson vortices is large, the 2D pancake vortices in adjacent layers are strongly coupled and the magnetic anisotropy of the superconductor is relatively weak. When the Josephson coupling is weak, as in BSCCO, the line energy associated with the Josephson vortices is small, the 2D pancake vortices in adjacent layers are weakly coupled and the magnetic properties are highly anisotropic and nearly 2D. The transport properties for currents flowing parallel to the layers are dominated by 2D pancake vortex motion, while those for currents flowing perpendicular to the layers are dominated by Josephson vortex motion. in this paper, I review these effects and discuss a number of consequences for vortex-lattice melting, flux pinning, flux creep and the critical current density. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Clem, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 47 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 11 IS 10 BP 909 EP 914 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/11/10/002 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 130PE UT WOS:000076527800002 ER PT J AU Specht, ED Goyal, A Lee, DF List, FA Kroeger, DM Paranthaman, M Williams, RK Christen, DK AF Specht, ED Goyal, A Lee, DF List, FA Kroeger, DM Paranthaman, M Williams, RK Christen, DK TI Cube-textured nickel substrates for high-temperature superconductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Processing and Critical Current of High-Temperature Semiconductors CY FEB 02-04, 1998 CL WAGGA WAGGA, AUSTRALIA ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; PURE NICKEL; TAPES; FILMS; DEPOSITION AB The biaxial textures created in metals by rolling and annealing make them useful substrates for the growth of long lengths of biaxially textured material. The growth of overlayers such as high-temperature superconductors requires flat substrates with a single, sharp texture. A sharp cube texture is produced in high-purity Ni by rolling and annealing. We report the effect of rolling reduction and annealing conditions on the sharpness of the cube texture, the incidence of other orientations, the grain size and the surface topography. A combination of high reduction and high-temperature annealing in a reducing atmosphere leads to > 99% cube texture, with a mosaic of 9.0 degrees about the rolling direction, 6.5 degrees about the transverse direction, and 5.0 degrees about the normal direction. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Specht, ED (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, David/A-9709-2008; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 13 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 11 IS 10 BP 945 EP 949 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/11/10/009 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 130PE UT WOS:000076527800009 ER PT J AU Balachandran, U Selvamanickam, V Haldar, P Lelovic, M Eror, NG AF Balachandran, U Selvamanickam, V Haldar, P Lelovic, M Eror, NG TI Development of Ag-clad Bi-2223 superconductors for electric power applications SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Processing and Critical Current of High-Temperature Semiconductors CY FEB 02-04, 1998 CL WAGGA WAGGA, AUSTRALIA ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; MECHANICAL DEFORMATION; STRAIN TOLERANCE; SHEATHED TAPES; TEMPERATURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; POWDER AB Development of high-temperature superconductor technology will make possible the design and fabrication of smaller, lighter and more efficient power devices such as motors, generators, transformers, transmission cables and fault-current limiters. A prototype fault-current limiter, a 200 hp motor and a 50 m long transmission cable have already been demonstrated using Ag-clad Bi-2223 superconductor tapes. We have recently enhanced the transport current properties of long lengths of multifilament Ag-clad Bi-2223 tapes through increased packing density of precursor powder, improved mechanical deformation, optimization of conductor design and adjusted cooling rate. These improved processing parameters had a pronounced effect on the transport critical current of the superconducting tapes. Our improvements are briefly discussed and their implications are assessed in this paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Intermagnet Gen Corp, Latham, NY 12110 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 11 IS 10 BP 978 EP 981 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/11/10/016 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 130PE UT WOS:000076527800016 ER PT J AU Dewey, SL Morgan, AE Ashby, CR Horan, B Kushner, SA Logan, J Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Gardner, EL Brodie, JD AF Dewey, SL Morgan, AE Ashby, CR Horan, B Kushner, SA Logan, J Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Gardner, EL Brodie, JD TI A novel strategy for the treatment of cocaine addiction SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE gamma vinyl-GABA (Vigabatrin); cocaine; treatment; conditioned place preference; positron emission tomography; microdialysis; self-administration ID CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; C-11 RACLOPRIDE; PROGABIDE SL-76002; DOPAMINE OVERFLOW; HUMAN-BRAIN; STIMULATION; VIGABATRIN; INVIVO; GABA AB Cocaine's addictive liability has been linked to its pharmacologic actions on mesotelencephalic dopamine (DA) reinforcement/reward pathways in the central nervous system (CNS). Dopaminergic transmission within these pathways is modulated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). With this knowledge, we examined the utility of gamma vinylGABA (GVG), a selective and irreversible inhibitor of GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) known to potentiate GABAergic inhibition, to alter cocaine's biochemical effects as well as its effects on behaviors associated with these biochemical changes. GVG significantly attenuated cocaine-induced increases in neostriatal synaptic DA in the non-human primate (baboon) brain as assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) and abolished both the expression and acquisition of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). It had no effect on CPP for a food reward, the delivery of cocaine to the brain or locomotor activity. These findings suggest the possible therapeutic utility in cocaine addiction of a pharmacologic strategy targeted at the GABAergic neurotransmitter system, a system distinct from but functionally linked to the DA mesotelencephalic reward/reinforcement system. However, rather than targeting the GABA receptor complex with a direct GABA agonist, this novel approach with GVG takes advantage of the prolonged effects of an irreversible enzyme inhibitor that raises endogenous GABA levels without the addictive liability associated with GABA agonists acting directly at the receptor itself. Human trials with GVG are currently being developed to directly examine the utility of this novel strategy for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Synapse 30:119-129, 1998. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. St Johns Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Hlth Sci, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Dewey, SL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Sld@bnl.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [Y1-DA7047-01]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH49165]; PHS HHS [R2955155] NR 56 TC 162 Z9 162 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD OCT PY 1998 VL 30 IS 2 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(199810)30:2<119::AID-SYN1>3.0.CO;2-F PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 110HN UT WOS:000075375500001 PM 9723781 ER PT J AU Bowman, LE Reade, NH Hallen, RT Butenhoff, A AF Bowman, LE Reade, NH Hallen, RT Butenhoff, A TI Advances in carbon dioxide based sizing and desizing SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB We report advances in nonaqueous sizing and desizing where liquid carbon dioxide is the solvent. New size formulations are required for carbon dioxide based sizing and desizing because traditional size materials are not soluble in this novel solvent. Toward this end, new size formulations based on fluorinated compounds have been prepared and applied to polyester/cotton blend yarns. Size performance is characterized with respect to abrasion resistance, tensile strength, and elongation-at-break. Some of these developmental size formulations appear to have abrasion resistance in excess of three times that of conventional starch/polyvinyl alcohol sizes, as measured by the number of abrasion cycles to break normalized to the size add-on. Quantitative desizing by means of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is demonstrated using a traditional "X-test." We also report desizing through several layers of fabric to mimic desizing a roll of greige fabric. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Inst Text Technol, Spartanburg, SC 29303 USA. RP Bowman, LE (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 68 IS 10 BP 732 EP 738 DI 10.1177/004051759806801006 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 128JY UT WOS:000076403700006 ER PT J AU Lu, WY Horstemeyer, MF Korellis, JS Grishabar, RB Mosher, D AF Lu, WY Horstemeyer, MF Korellis, JS Grishabar, RB Mosher, D TI High temperature sensitivity of notched AISI 304L stainless steel tests SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE AB Experiments were designed to determine the failure characteristics of AISI 304L stainless steel under different stress triaxialities and temperatures up to 70% of melt. The data show that as temperature increases the displacement to failure of notched tensile specimens increases. The complex interaction of deformation mechanisms, such as twinning and dynamic recrystallization, appears to negate the damage accumulation at higher temperatures. Microstructural analyses and finite element simulations indicate that voids nucleate, grow, and coalesce more rapidly as temperature and triaxiality increase. Finite element simulations were performed to analyze temperature dependence on the Cocks-Ashby void growth model. The finite element simulations qualitatively show a double-knee that was observed in the notched experimental specimens after loading. The combined experimental-numerical study indicates that failure can be defined at several points in the notch tests when: (1) macrovoids starts to form, (2) the load drop-off occurs, and (3) total perforation of the specimen occurs. These three points occur simultaneously in ambient conditions but occur at different displacements at higher temperatures. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lu, WY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8442 J9 THEOR APPL FRACT MEC JI Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 30 IS 2 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0167-8442(98)00051-2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 137YZ UT WOS:000076945800006 ER PT J AU Khan, SI Franzese, O AF Khan, SI Franzese, O TI Incident detection on Singnalized arterials SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Khan, SI (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-090X J9 TRANSPORT RES C-EMER JI Transp. Res. Pt. C-Emerg. Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 6 IS 5-6 BP 289 EP 290 PG 2 WC Transportation Science & Technology SC Transportation GA 207DL UT WOS:000080920100001 ER PT J AU Gebre, GM Tschaplinski, TJ Tuskan, GA Todd, DE AF Gebre, GM Tschaplinski, TJ Tuskan, GA Todd, DE TI Clonal and seasonal differences in leaf osmotic potential and organic solutes of five hybrid poplar clones grown under field conditions SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; free primary amino acids; irrigation; osmotic adjustment; osmotic potential; Populus; potassium ID POPULUS-DELTOIDES CLONES; WATER RELATIONS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ASSIMILATION; DEHYDRATION TOLERANCE; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; SUNFLOWER LEAVES; STRESS; ADJUSTMENT; OSMOREGULATION; METABOLITES AB Leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (Psi(pi 0)) and the major solutes that contribute to osmotic potential were characterized in five hybrid poplar clones of Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray x P. deltoides Bartr. (TD) and P. deltoides x P. nigra L. (DN), growing under field conditions at two sites in eastern Washington and Oregon, USA. Trees were drip irrigated with 46, 76 or 137 cm of supplemental irrigation during each grow ing season. Trees at Wallula, WA, which were in their third growing season in 1994, were sampled twice a year for two years (1994 and 1995), and trees at Boardman, OR, which were in their second growing season in 1994, were sampled once a year for three years (1994-1996). At Wallula, the TD and DN clones exhibited lower predawn leaf water potentials in the 46-cm treatment than in the 137-cm treatment (-1.2 versus -0.7 MPa) during a hot, dry period in July 1994. Clone TD had a lower Psi(pi 0) than Clone DN (-1.67 versus -1.56 MPa) during the same period and the difference was also evident in 1995 (-1.81 versus -1.72 MPa) when trees were in their fourth growing season. There was also a significant treatment effect on Psi(pi 0) in Clone TD, with trees in the 46-cm treatment having lower Psi(pi 0) than trees in the 137-cm treatment in July 1994. At Boardman, Psi(pi 0), was generally high with no treatment differences during the 1994-96 samplings. The TD clones had significantly lower Psi(pi 0) than the DN clones in 1994 (-1.44 versus -1.36 MPa) and 1996 (-1.72 versus -1.54 MPa), but there was no difference between clones in 1995 (-1.40 versus -1.43 MPa). In 1995; at Wallula, osmotic adjustment in Clone TD was largely accounted for by an increase in sucrose, which constituted 70% of total organic solutes. Although the total concentration of free primary amino acids in this clone was 28% higher in trees in the 46-cm treatment than in trees in the 137-cm treatment, amino acids constituted only a small fraction of the total solute pool. Sixty-two percent of total solutes were inorganic ions in Clone TD compared to 52% in Clone DN, and potassium was the main ion constituting about 30% of total solutes and 50% of total ions. However, the clonal difference in Psi(pi 0) was not fully accounted for by the difference in solute concentration. Osmotic potential at full turgor declined over the growing season and with age. We conclude that, because the extent of osmotic adjustment exhibited by these clones was small, other drought resistance mechanisms contributed to the clonal differences in field performance. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gebre, GM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Tschaplinski, Timothy/0000-0002-9540-6622 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 18 IS 10 BP 645 EP 652 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 119FF UT WOS:000075884800001 ER PT J AU Tschaplinski, TJ Tuskan, GA Gebre, GM Todd, DE AF Tschaplinski, TJ Tuskan, GA Gebre, GM Todd, DE TI Drought resistance of two hybrid Populus clones grown in a large-scale plantation SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon allocation; leaf water potential; osmotic potential; poplar; root density; soil water content ID ORGANIC SOLUTE ACCUMULATION; WATER-STRESS TOLERANCE; POPLAR AB Poplar hybrids were grown with irrigation in a large-scale plantation to investigate the mechanisms underlying clonal differences in drought resistance. Beginning in spring 1992, Populus trichocarpa x P. deltoides (TD) and P. deltoides x P. nigra (DN) cuttings received 46, 76, or 137 cm year(-1) of irrigation to supplement the 18-20 cm of annual precipitation, and all trees received the same fertilization regime. Stem volume, assessed as the square of stem diameter at breast height times tree height ((DH)-H-2), and water relations of the trees were studied from the end of their second growing season until the end of their fifth growing season. By the end of the second growing season, stem volume of Clone TD was 40-146% larger than that of Clone DN, but stem volume growth was independent of irrigation in excess of 46 cm year(-1) in both clones. During the third growing season, stem volume growth of both clones was limited by both the 46- and 76-cm irrigation treatments, so that by the end of the third growing season trees in the 46-cm irrigation treatment were only half the size of trees in the 137-cm irrigation treatment. These treatment differences were maintained through the fifth growing season. Although stem volumes of Clone TD trees in the 76- and 137-cm irrigation treatments were larger than the corresponding values for Clone DN trees at the end of the third growing season (1994), these clonal differences gradually decreased in subsequent years and were not detectable after 5 years, because stem volume relative growth rate of Clone DN was greater than that of Clone TD in all treatments. Although both clones exhibited similar predawn leaf water potentials, Clone DN typically maintained higher midday leaf water potentials, suggesting better stomatal control of water loss. Clonal and treatment differences in osmotic potential at full turgor were minimal and could not explain the clonal differ ences in drought resistance. Root density and root density to stem volume ratio increased more in response to moderate drought in Clone DN than in Clone TD, resulting in enhanced drought resistance (high stem volume growth rate under moderate drought conditions) and an increased capacity to withdraw water from the soil. We conclude that the greater drought resistance of Clone DN compared with Clone TD was the result of the maintenance of a more favorable water balance by stomatal regulation and greater carbon allocation to roots during the early stages of drought. However, the low root density to stem volume ratio in Clone DN growing in the 46-cm irrigation treatment suggests that severe water limitation restricted the preferential allocation of carbon to belowground tissues, so that both root and shoot growth were constrained by severe drought. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tschaplinski, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Tschaplinski, Timothy/0000-0002-9540-6622 NR 19 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 11 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 18 IS 10 BP 653 EP 658 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 119FF UT WOS:000075884800002 ER PT J AU Miller, DL Gies, RA AF Miller, DL Gies, RA TI Gas-body-based contrast agent enhances vascular bioeffects of 1.09 mhz ultrasound on mouse intestine SO ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; bioeffects; petechiae; hemorrhage; hyperemia; cavitation; mechanical index; Albunex; contrast agent adverse effects; gas-body activation ID FILLED ALBUMIN MICROSPHERES; PULSED ULTRASOUND; IN-VITRO; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PIEZOELECTRIC LITHOTRIPTER; HIGH CELL; HEMOLYSIS; EXPOSURE; HEMORRHAGE; FIELDS AB Anesthetized hairless mice were exposed to continuous or pulsed 1.09-MHz ultrasound with or without prior injection of a gas-body-based ultrasound contrast agent, Albunex(R) at a dose of 10 mL/kg increased the production of intestinal hyperemia, petechia and hemorrhages by continuous ultrasound. For pulsed ultrasound, with 10 mu s pulses and 0.01 duty cycle, petechiae were produced for exposures as low as 1 MPa spatial peak pressure amplitude with added gas bodies. The enhancement of petechiae production was robust for pulsed exposure; for example, at 2.8 MPa, an average of 227 petechiae was obtained with added gas bodies, which was 30 times more than without the agent. The production of petechia was roughly proportional to the dosage of Albunex(R) for pulsed exposure. Results did not appear to be strongly dependent on pulsing parameters, but long bursts (0.1 s) were somewhat more effective than pulses (10 mu s) The observed vascular bioeffects appeared to involve both thermal and nonthermal mechanisms for continuous exposure, but to result primarily from gas-body activation for pulsed exposure, (C) 1998 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mail Stop P7-53,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42947] NR 34 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-5629 J9 ULTRASOUND MED BIOL JI Ultrasound Med. Biol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1201 EP 1208 DI 10.1016/S0301-5629(98)00063-5 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 132HH UT WOS:000076623900017 PM 9833589 ER PT J AU Elless, MP Lee, SY AF Elless, MP Lee, SY TI Uranium solubility of carbonate-rich uranium-contaminated soils SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION AB A 300 d solubility study involving two carbonate-rich, uranium-contaminated soils from the Department of Energy's Fernald Environmental Management Project site was conducted to predict the behavior of uranium during on-site remediation of these soils. Geochemical modeling was performed on the aqueous species dissolved from these soils following the solubility measurements to predict the on-site uranium leaching and transport potential. Results showed that the soluble levels of the major components (total uranium, calcium, magnesium, and carbonate) increased continually for the first 4 weeks. After the first 4 weeks, these components either reached a steady-state or continued to increase linearly throughout the study. Soluble uranium levels of both soils and their correlation with alkalinity was strongly mediated by the source term of the contamination. Geochemical modeling predicted and anion exchange experiments confirmed that uranyl-carbonate complexes were the most stable and abundant complexes. Further modeling showed that uranium solubility in these soils and in onsite groundwater wells is controlled by UO2(H2PO4)(2), but is also mediated by complexation with carbonate and the oxidation state of the uranium. For assessing the risk related to off-site transport of uranium, it should be recognized that the solubility of uranium-bearing minerals is the critical factor in controlling uranium solubility of these soils rather than sorption/desorption processes as measured by the uranium distribution coefficient (K-d) in these soils. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Elless, MP (reprint author), Phytotech Inc, 1 Deer Pk Dr,Suite 1, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852 USA. NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 107 IS 1-4 BP 147 EP 162 DI 10.1023/A:1004982515941 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 117XT UT WOS:000075808500010 ER PT J AU Szecsody, JE Chilakapati, A Zachara, JM Garvin, AL AF Szecsody, JE Chilakapati, A Zachara, JM Garvin, AL TI Influence of iron oxide inclusion shape on Co(II/III)EDTA reactive transport through spatially heterogeneous sediment SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADSORBING SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY; EDTA COMPLEXES; SOIL COLUMNS; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; FLOW; DISPLACEMENT; DEGRADATION AB Multisolute reactive transport was investigated in chemically heterogeneous systems to determine the influence of the shapes of the reactive heterogeneities (iron oxide inclusions) by comparison of two-dimensional heterogeneous experiments with spatially averaged models that had differing inclusion characterization. Eleven reactions were considered in this system, starting with adsorption of the initial solute (Co(II)EDTA) to Fe oxides, followed by two competing surface reactions: oxidation forming Co(III)EDTA and Fe dissolution forming Fe(III)EDTA and Co2+. Spatial moments of the eight mobile species were compared between data and models. One spatially averaged model (homogeneous equivalent), which incorporated inclusion mass only, significantly under predicted oxidation (up to 74%), the influence of reaction kinetics, and species retardation. In contrast, the ensemble average model (incorporating inclusion mass and length) well predicted speciation, retardation, and skewness. This large difference in prediction between two spatially averaging models was caused by the lack of incorporation of contact time of solutes with iron oxides in the homogeneous equivalent model and the importance of the contact time with the differing timescales of reactions. Experimental and modeling results also showed that the uncertainty in prediction of specific species increased as the inclusions varied from more ideal (fixed-length) to more natural (variable-length) shape of inclusions. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Szecsody, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2501 EP 2514 DI 10.1029/98WR02405 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 124UN UT WOS:000076200900005 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Noorishad, J Tsang, CF Stephansson, O AF Rutqvist, J Noorishad, J Tsang, CF Stephansson, O TI Determination of fracture storativity in hard rocks using high-pressure injection testing SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB The determination of the storage capacity of fractures in crystalline rocks by means of hydraulic injection tests is studied by coupled hydromechanical finite element simulations. The results verify that the storage is related to the fracture opening, which is dependent on the combined stiffness of the fracture and the ambient rock mass. In most practical cases the storage is entirely controlled by the normal stiffness of the fractures. The strong coupling to the fracture opening implies that the storage capacity can be estimated from the pressure dependency of the fracture aperture in a high-pressure injection test. Such high-pressure injection tests can be conducted in addition to a conventional low-pressure test to independently determine the storativity of the fracture. This provides an additional validation of the evaluated storativity, which implies not only that the value is more accurately assessed but also that other hydraulic properties can be determined more unambiguously. The method of high-pressure injection testing is applied in field experiments to deep fractures in granitic rocks at two sites,and its usefulness is demonstrated in an analysis of the field data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Div Engn Geol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrutqvist@lal.gov RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 18 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2551 EP 2560 DI 10.1029/98WR01863 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 124UN UT WOS:000076200900009 ER PT J AU Liu, HH Doughty, C Bodvarsson, GS AF Liu, HH Doughty, C Bodvarsson, GS TI An active fracture model for unsaturated flow and transport in fractured rocks SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; FLUID-FLOW; WATER; SOILS AB The unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, a potential repository site of high-level nuclear waste, is a complex hydrologic system in which a variety of important flow and transport processes is involved. To quantify these processes as accurately as possible is a theoretically challenging and practically important issue. In this study, we propose a new formulation for modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rocks. The formulation is mainly based on a hypothesis that only a portion of connected fractures are active in conducting water. Analysis of the relevant data with the new formulation suggests that about 18-27% of the connected fractures in the Topopah Spring welded (TSw) unit (the potential repository unit) of Yucca Mountain are active under ambient conditions. The relatively high percentage of active fractures is consistent with field observations from a variety of sources. Sensitivity analyses are performed to investigate effects of the "activity" of connected fractures on flow and transport behavior in unsaturated rocks. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, HH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hhliu@lbl.gov RI Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015 NR 42 TC 118 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2633 EP 2646 DI 10.1029/98WR02040 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 124UN UT WOS:000076200900016 ER PT J AU Vianco, PT AF Vianco, PT TI Determining the mechanical strength of soldered joints SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 77 IS 10 BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 126VJ UT WOS:000076314900006 ER PT J AU Dupont, JN Robino, CV Marder, AR AF Dupont, JN Robino, CV Marder, AR TI Solidification and weldability of Nb-bearing superalloys SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DTA; hot cracking; solidification; superalloys; varestraint testing; weldability ID INCONEL-718; METALLURGY; DIAGRAM; ALLOY AB The solidification and weldability of experimental superalloys containing systematic variations in Fe, Nb, Si and C were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA), microstructural characterization techniques and Varestraint testing. Microstructural evolution during solidification of DTA samples and gas tungsten are welds generally occurred by a three-step solidification process. Solidification initialed by a primary L --> gamma reaction, which enriches the interdendritic liquid in Nb and C until a eutectic-type L --> (gamma + NbC) reaction occurs over a rather broad temperature range. Solidification terminated by a second eutectic-type reaction, L --> (gamma + Lave), which occurred over a narrow temperature range. Carbon additions increased the start temperature of the L --> (gamma + NbC) reaction and induced a concomitant decrease in the temperature interval of the primary L --> gamma stage of solidification. As a result, carbon additions often promoted a significant improvement in solidification cracking resistance. The results from solidification studies are combined with detailed examinations of microstructural morphologies in fusion zone solidification cracks to propose a microstructure morphology classification scheme. The classification scheme provides a phenomenological explanation of the relation between alloy composition, solidification temperature range, microstructural morphology and cracking propensity. This interpretation also leads to an improved correlation between the solidification temperature range and fusion zone cracking susceptibility. C1 Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dupont, JN (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 32 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 77 IS 10 BP 417S EP 431S PG 15 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 126VJ UT WOS:000076314900014 ER PT J AU Steele, J Adams, J Sluckin, T AF Steele, J Adams, J Sluckin, T TI Modelling Paleoindian dispersals (Paleoecology and human populations) SO WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demographic modelling; paleoecology; human dispersals; Fisher-Skellam; Paleoindian; Clovis; fluted point ID INVADING ORGANISMS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; EXPANSION; HISTORY; SPREAD C1 Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Steele, J (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. RI Sluckin, Tim/G-4005-2013 OI Sluckin, Tim/0000-0002-9163-0061 NR 46 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0043-8243 J9 WORLD ARCHAEOL JI World Archaeol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 30 IS 2 BP 286 EP 305 PG 20 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 136EW UT WOS:000076846400006 ER PT J AU Popovic, ND Cox, JA Johnson, DC AF Popovic, ND Cox, JA Johnson, DC TI A mathematical model for anodic oxygen-transfer reactions at Bi(V)-doped PbO2-film electrodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electrocatalysis; catalysis; oxygen; bismuth; lead; dimethyl sulfoxide ID DOPED LEAD DIOXIDE; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; FILM ELECTRODES; ELECTROCATALYSIS; OXIDATION; PURE AB An approximate model is developed to describe the voltammetric response for anodic O-transfer reactions at Bi(V)-doped PbO2-film electrodes (Bi-PbO2). Because the Bi(V) sites were found earlier to function for preadsorption of reactant in the anodic O-transfer reactions of cysteine, the model developed here includes reactant adsorption at Bi(V) sites in the Bi-PbO2 surface. The validity of the model is demonstrated on the basis of the voltammetric response obtained for DMSO in 1.0 M HClO4. Good agreement is obtained between predicted and observed values of half-wave potential (E-1/2) as a function of the relative density of Bi(V) sites (rho = Gamma(Bi(V))/Gamma(Pb(IV))) in Bi-PbO2 film electrodes configured as rotated disks. For low site densities (0.11 less than or equal to rho less than or equal to 0.4), E-1/2 is a linear function of ln(rho/(1 + rho)(2)); however, for high site densities (0.4 less than or equal to rho less than or equal to 0.84), E-1/2 is a linear function of ln(1/(1 + rho)). Agreement is also demonstrated for E-1/2 as a function of variations in the rotational velocity of these electrodes. The agreement of the proposed model with experimental data is concluded to be evidence for the importance of reactant adsorption in anodic O-transfer reactions at Bi(V) sites in these Bi-PbO2 electrodes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 456 IS 1-2 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(98)00219-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 140AB UT WOS:000077062400020 ER PT J AU Rulkens, R Tilley, TD AF Rulkens, R Tilley, TD TI A molecular precursor route to active and selective vanadia-silica-zirconia heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL METHOD; OXIDE CATALYSTS; PROPENE; COMPLEXES; AEROGELS; ALKANES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 120 IS 38 BP 9959 EP 9960 DI 10.1021/ja981798d PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 125EV UT WOS:000076225200035 ER PT J AU Weber, WJ Wang, LM Yu, N Hess, NJ AF Weber, WJ Wang, LM Yu, N Hess, NJ TI Structure and properties of ion-beam-modified (6H) silicon carbide SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on the Modification of Ceramics and Semiconductors by Ion Bombardment CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL IL CIOCCO, ITALY SP Engn Fdn DE silicon carbide; alpha-silicon carbide; amorphization; irradiation damage ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED CRYSTALLINE; TO-AMORPHOUS TRANSITION; SIC SINGLE-CRYSTALS; IMPLANTED SILICON; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; IN-SITU; TEMPERATURE; CERAMICS; DEPENDENCE AB The ion-beam-induced crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition in single crystal (6H) alpha-SiC has been studied as a function of irradiation temperature. The evolution of the amorphous state has been followed in situ by transmission electron microscopy in specimens irradiated with 0.8 MeV Ne+, 1.0 MeV Ar+, and 1.5 MeV Xe+ ions over the temperature range from 20 to 475 K. The threshold displacement dose for complete amorphization in alpha-SiC at 20 K is 0.30 dpa (damage energy = 15 eV atom(-1)). The dose for complete amorphization increases with temperature due to simultaneous recovery processes that can be adequately modeled in terms of a single-activated process. The critical temperature, above which amorphization does not occur, increases with particle mass and saturates at about 500 K. Single crystals of alpha-SiC with [0001] orientation have also been irradiated at 300 K with 360 keV Ar2+ ions at an incident angle of 25 degrees over fluences ranging from 1 to 8 Ar2+ ions nm(-2). The damage accumulation in these samples has been characterized ex situ by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry-channeling (RBS/C) along the [0001] direction, Raman spectroscopy, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), and mechanical microprobe measurements. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Texas Instruments Inc, Semicond Proc & Device Ctr, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. RP Weber, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bill.weber@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 49 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 6 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 253 IS 1-2 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00710-2 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 130LG UT WOS:000076521100008 ER PT J AU Sickafus, KE Wetteland, CJ Baker, NP Yu, N Devanathan, R Nastasi, M Bordes, N AF Sickafus, KE Wetteland, CJ Baker, NP Yu, N Devanathan, R Nastasi, M Bordes, N TI A comparison between the irradiation damage response of spinel and zirconia due to Xe ion bombardment SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on the Modification of Ceramics and Semiconductors by Ion Bombardment CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL IL CIOCCO, ITALY SP Engn Fdn DE radiation damage; spinel; zirconia; ion irradiation; nano-indentation; Young's modulus; elastic modulus; hardness; mechanical properties ID MAGNESIUM ALUMINATE SPINEL; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; MGAL2O4 SPINEL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC INSTABILITY; HARDNESS; MICROSTRUCTURE; AMORPHIZATION; CONSTANTS; BEAM AB The mechanical properties of Xe-implanted spinel and cubic zirconia surfaces, as determined by nano-indentation measurements, are distinct and the differences can be related to their microstructures. Upon Xe2+ ion irradiation to high dose at cryogenic temperature (120 K), the Young's modulus of irradiated spinel falls dramatically until the modulus is only about 3/4 the un-irradiated value. The maximum modulus occurs concurrent with the formation of a metastable crystalline phase of spinel. The subsequent elastic softening at higher Xe2+ doses is an indication of the onset of amorphization of the spinel. Xe-implanted zirconia surfaces behave differently, in all cases showing almost no change in elastic modulus with increasing Xe2+ ion dose. This is consistent with microstructural observations of Xe-implanted zirconia crystals which, unlike spinel, show no change in crystal structure with increasing ion dose. The hardness of both spinel and zirconia increases slightly for low Xe2+ ion doses. At higher doses, zirconia shows little change in hardness, while the hardness of the implanted spinel falls by more than a factor of two. The initial increase in hardness of both spinel and zirconia is consistent with point defect accumulation and the precipitation of small interstitial clusters, while the drop in hardness of spinel at high Xe2+ ion doses is due to the formation of an amorphous phase. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kurt@lanl.gov RI Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 253 IS 1-2 BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 130LG UT WOS:000076521100010 ER PT J AU Wang, LM Wang, SX Gong, WL Ewing, RC Weber, WJ AF Wang, LM Wang, SX Gong, WL Ewing, RC Weber, WJ TI Amorphization of ceramic materials by ion beam irradiation SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on the Modification of Ceramics and Semiconductors by Ion Bombardment CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL IL CIOCCO, ITALY SP Engn Fdn DE ion irradiation; amorphization; ceramic; glass transition; Debye temperature ID SOLID-STATE AMORPHIZATION; LEAD PYROPHOSPHATE; CASCADE DAMAGE; GLASS STATE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; INSULATORS; TOPOLOGY; COESITE; PHASES AB Ion-beam-induced amorphization of a wide variety of ceramic materials has been investigated using in situ TEM with 1.5 MeV Kr+ or Xe+ ions at temperatures between 20 and 1000 K. Except for a few 'amorphization resistant' materials which usually have simple crystal structures, most ceramic materials under study amorphized after a fraction of a dpa (displacement per atom) at cryogenic temperatures. Ln general, critical amorphization dose increases with the irradiation temperature at a rate determined by the kinetics of the amorphization and crystallization processes. Based on a cascade quenching model and an analysis on the structural resistance to recrystallization, a semiempirical parameter which can easily be calculated from both structural and chemical parameters of a material, has been developed to predict the susceptibility of ceramics to amorphization. The calculated results for over ten phases in the Al2O3-MgO-SiO2 system agree quite well with the experimental data. The results for phases in the Al2O3-MgO-SiO2 system have also suggested a parallel in the kinetics between ion-beam-induced amorphization and glass formation. The critical amorphization temperature, above which irradiation-induced amorphization cannot be completed, is found to be closely related to the glass transition temperature. The ratio between glass transition and melting temperatures can also be used to predict the susceptibility of a ceramic material to amorphization, equivalent to the Debye temperature criterion. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lmwang@umich.edu RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 253 IS 1-2 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00715-1 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 130LG UT WOS:000076521100013 ER PT J AU Devanathan, R Mitchell, JN Sickafus, KE Weber, WJ Nastasi, M AF Devanathan, R Mitchell, JN Sickafus, KE Weber, WJ Nastasi, M TI Radiation response of FeTiO3, MgTiO3, and alpha-Al2O3 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on the Modification of Ceramics and Semiconductors by Ion Bombardment CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL IL CIOCCO, ITALY SP Engn Fdn DE amorphization; ion irradiation; rhombohedral oxides; in situ microscopy ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATED SPINEL; ION IRRADIATION; CATION DISORDER; AMORPHIZATION; SOLIDS; DAMAGE; CRYSTALLINE AB The radiation response of three rhombohedral oxides, namely, ilmenite (FeTiO3), geikielite (MgTiO3), and sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) has been examined by irradiating electron transparent samples with 1 MeV Kr+ and 1.5 MeV Xe+ ions. The microstructural changes during irradiation were observed in situ in a high-voltage electron microscope using electron diffraction and microscopy. The irradiation conditions were designed to minimize beam heating and chemical effects due to the implanted ion. In all three materials, the critical temperature for amorphization was below 300 K indicating good room temperature resistance to amorphization by energetic beams. The resistance to amorphization was found to increase with the melting point of the oxide-sapphire was the most resistant and ilmenite the least resistant to amorphization. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, MS K1-96,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram@pnl.gov RI Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008; Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237; Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 253 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00718-7 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 130LG UT WOS:000076521100016 ER PT J AU Nastasi, M Fayeulle, S Lu, YC Kung, H AF Nastasi, M Fayeulle, S Lu, YC Kung, H TI The influence of stress during ion beam mixing SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on the Modification of Ceramics and Semiconductors by Ion Bombardment CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL IL CIOCCO, ITALY SP Engn Fdn DE stress; ion mixing; ion irradiation; thermodynamic forces ID MEDIUM-Z METALS; CHEMICAL GUIDANCE; THERMAL SPIKES; THIN-FILMS; SOLIDS; IRRADIATION; INTERFACES; DIFFUSION; MODEL AB It is well established that thermodynamic forces influence ion mixing. Systems with a negative enthalpy of formation experience enhanced ion mixing while systems with a positive enthalpy of formation experience no mixing or even "de-mixing". Recent experimental results have suggested that intrinsic stresses should be considered when evaluating the thermodynamic driving forces that influence ion mixing. We have studied the effects of thermal annealing and Ar ion irradiation on the structure and stability of multilayered DC sputtered thin films of TiN/B-C-N. These samples are in a state of bi-axial compression in their as-deposited form. Following thermal annealing, to temperatures as high as 1000 degrees C for 1 h, it is observed that the intrinsic stresses are rapidly relieved and no interdiffusion or break down of the layered structure takes place. However, when samples are ion irradiated, we do observe intermixing and at the highest dose (5 x 10(16) ions cm(-2)) the multilayered structure partly disappears. The rate of intermixing is well correlated with the magnitude of compressive stress as a function of irradiation dose. We believe that the observed ion mixing, in this otherwise immiscible system, is being controlled by stress derived thermodynamic forces. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-8,Mail Stop K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nasty@lanl.gov NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 253 IS 1-2 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00728-X PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 130LG UT WOS:000076521100025 ER PT J AU Krauss, AR Im, J Smentkowski, V Schultz, J Auciello, O Gruen, DM Holocek, J Chang, RPH AF Krauss, AR Im, J Smentkowski, V Schultz, J Auciello, O Gruen, DM Holocek, J Chang, RPH TI Ion beam deposition and surface characterization of thin multi-component oxide films during growth SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on the Modification of Ceramics and Semiconductors by Ion Bombardment CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL IL CIOCCO, ITALY SP Engn Fdn DE ion beam deposition; oxide films; multicomponent oxide films ID DIRECT RECOIL SPECTROSCOPY; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; IN-SITU; SCATTERING; SRBI2TA2O9; MEMORIES; ALKALI AB Ion beam deposition of either elemental targets in a chemically active gas such as oxygen or nitrogen, or of the appropriate oxide or nitride target, usually with an additional amount of ambient oxygen or nitrogen present, is an effective means of depositing high quality oxide and nitride films. However, there are a number of phenomena that can occur, especially during the production of multicomponent films such as the ferroelectric perovskites or high temperature superconducting oxides, which make it desirable to monitor the composition and structure of the growing film in situ. These phenomena include thermodynamic (Gibbsian), and oxidation or nitridation-driven segregation, enhanced oxidation or nitridation through production of a highly reactive gas phase species such as atomic oxygen or ozone via interaction of the ion beam with the target, and changes in the film composition due to preferential sputtering of the substrate via primary ion backscattering and secondary sputtering of the film. Ion beam deposition provides a relatively low background pressure of the sputtering gas, but the ambient oxygen or nitrogen required to produce the desired phase, along with the gas burden produced by the ion source, result in a background pressure which is too high by several orders of magnitude to perform in situ surface analysis by conventional means. Similarly, diamond is normally grown in the presence of a hydrogen atmosphere to inhibit the formation of the graphitic phase. A surface analysis system incorporating pulsed beam ion scattering spectroscopy, direct recoil spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy of recoiled ions (MSRI) with differentially pumped ion beam and detector lines has been integrated with a multi-target ion beam deposition system, permitting the characterization of the surface composition and structure of a thin film surface during growth at ambient pressures in the range of 10(-8) bar. A number of phenomena are observed which are not amenable to study in systems which require cessation of film deposition in order to study surface properties. In addition, it has been found that the positive-to-negative ion ratio of the MSRI signal provides a unique 'phase fingerprint' which in a number of cases permits ready identification of the chemical phase of the growing film. Data will be presented showing representative applications in the area or multicomponent oxide film growth for which the in situ ion beam characterization methods described here provide a unique means for understanding thin film growth phenomena. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ionwerks, Houston, TX 77130 USA. RP Krauss, AR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chang, R.P.H/B-7505-2009 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 253 IS 1-2 BP 221 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00730-8 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 130LG UT WOS:000076521100027 ER PT J AU Holland, OW Budai, JD Nielsen, B AF Holland, OW Budai, JD Nielsen, B TI The role of defect excesses in damage formation in Si during ion implantation at elevated temperature SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on the Modification of Ceramics and Semiconductors by Ion Bombardment CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL IL CIOCCO, ITALY SP Engn Fdn DE ion implantation; Si; defects; damage ID O+ IMPLANTATION; SILICON; AMORPHIZATION; ACCUMULATION; MODEL; SEMICONDUCTORS; DETECTORS; OXYGEN AB New insight into damage formation in Si(100) during self-ion irradiation is gained from elevated temperature implant (up to 450 degrees C) studies and dual implants. Ion-induced damage is shown to bifurcate at high temperatures into two distinctly different layers; a heavily dislocated region near the ion range, and a shallower layer which is dislocation-free but contains vacancy-type clusters. A model to account for these defects and their distribution is presented. The formation of a layer with a preponderance of vacancy clusters provides opportunities to study aspects of damage growth which have, heretofore, been impossible. Samples in which a vacancy-rich region had been formed were used as starting substrates for implantation to investigate ion-solid interaction phenomena. The preexisting vacancy clusters are shown to provide recombination sites for subsequently implanted ions. Recombination at 450 degrees C is sufficiently effective that no additional damage is formed by direct implantation into the vacancy-rich region, at least up to the dose that can be accommodated by the vacancy distribution. This result establishes the role of defect excesses in the formation of ion-induced damage, even at temperatures approaching ambient. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holland, OW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 3003,MS-6048,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 253 IS 1-2 BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00732-1 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 130LG UT WOS:000076521100029 ER PT J AU Agarwal, A Gossmann, HJ Eaglesham, DJ Pelaz, L Jacobson, DC Poate, JM Haynes, TE AF Agarwal, A Gossmann, HJ Eaglesham, DJ Pelaz, L Jacobson, DC Poate, JM Haynes, TE TI Critical issues in ion implantation of silicon below 5 keV: Defects and diffusion SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on the Modification of Ceramics and Semiconductors by Ion Bombardment CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL IL CIOCCO, ITALY SP Engn Fdn DE very low energy ion implantation; transient enhanced diffusion; {311} defects; silicon boride phase formation; shallow junction; TEM ID ANOMALOUS TRANSIENT DIFFUSION; ENHANCED DIFFUSION; SI; INTERSTITIALS; BORON; MODEL; SURFACE; DOPANTS; EPITAXY; FILMS AB Continued use of ion implantation for doping of silicon integrated circuits will soon require implantation energies below 5 keV in order to form electrical junctions < 50 nm deep. At such low energies, dopant diffusion and formation of extended defects may be modified by both the proximity of the surface and by the large volume concentrations of point defects and dopant atoms that will arise from reduced range straggling. This brief review summarizes our recent experiments measuring defect formation and evolution, as well as transient enhanced diffusion (TED), in silicon implanted with Si+ and B+ ions < 10 nm deep. The results have demonstrated that {311}-type extended defects are generated from Si+ implants even within 3 nm of the surface. However, when these defects eventually dissolve, the surface acts as a perfect sink to efficiently annihilate the released interstitials. As a result, the amount of TED measured at epitaxially-grown B markers decreases approximately linearly with decreasing ion energy (at least, for Si+ implantation). For low energy B+ implants typical doses required for source-drain doping lead to the formation of a fine-grain polycrystalline silicon boride phase during activation annealing. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Agarwal, A (reprint author), Eaton Corp, 55 Cherry Hill Dr, Beverly, MA USA. RI Pelaz, Lourdes/M-1766-2014; Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 253 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00735-7 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 130LG UT WOS:000076521100032 ER PT J AU Liu, P Kendelewicz, T Nelson, EJ Brown, GE AF Liu, P Kendelewicz, T Nelson, EJ Brown, GE TI Reaction of water with MgO(100) surfaces: Part III. X-ray standing wave studies SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MgO(100); surface charging effects; surface relaxation and reconstruction; UHV-cleaved; water-dosed; water-immersed; X-ray standing waves ID ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MGO(001) SURFACE; HELIUM DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-SURFACE; FINE-STRUCTURE; LEED; SCATTERING; ADSORPTION; RELAXATION; MGO AB Clean MgO(100) surfaces cleaved in vacuum and exposed to water vapor or bulk water were studied using the X-ray standing wave (XSW) technique in back reflection mode and surface sensitive, element specific O KLL and Mg KLL Auger electron yield detection. The effects of surface charging were mitigated, but not entirely eliminated, by using a low-energy electron hood gun. Simulation of the XSW signal showed that the effect of surface charging on the XSW data could be minimized with careful experimental design. We demonstrate that the XSW method can be applied to studies of insulating surfaces, and our results for MgO(100) surfaces exposed to water vapor or bulk water indicate the following: (1) the vacuum-cleaved clean surface undergoes no surface reconstruction or significant relaxation perpendicular to the surface; (2) Mg-OH distances on surfaces exposed to water vapor or bulk water measured perpendicular to the (100) surface are the same as in bulk MgO; and (3) the z-position of the surface Mg atoms does not change within the estimated error [+/-2% of the (200) spacing] after the surface is fully hydroxylated. Our results for the clean, vacuum-cleaved surface disagree with results from impact collision ion-scattering spectroscopy and surface-extended electron-loss fine structure for MgO(100), which indicate 15 and 17% inward relaxation, respectively, and they support results from low-energy electron diffraction, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, and photoelectron diffraction that show little, if any, relaxation or rumpling of the surface. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pingl@pangea.stanford.edu NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 156 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00566-4 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 132RZ UT WOS:000076645000020 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Sturchio, NC Woicik, JC Kemner, KM Lyman, PF Bedzyk, MJ AF Cheng, L Sturchio, NC Woicik, JC Kemner, KM Lyman, PF Bedzyk, MJ TI High-resolution structural study of zinc ion incorporation at the calcite cleavage surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE adsorption; calcite; surface extended x-ray absorption fine structure (SEXAFS); surface structure; X-ray standing waves (XSW); zinc ID RAY STANDING WAVES; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; WATER AB The atomic-scale structure of Zn2+ incorporated at the CaCO3 (10 (1) over bar 4) surface by adsorption from solution was determined by X-ray standing wave triangulation and surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. At low coverage (approximately 0.1 ML), Zn2+ substitutes for Ca2+ in the surface layer. Structural relaxation of the adjacent in-plane CO32- ions in the host surface is shown by the reduced nearest-neighbor distance of Zn-O relative to Ca-O. Relaxation of the Zn2+ ion in the out-of-plane direction is shown by the displacement of its lattice position from the ideal Ca2+ position. These relaxations, resulting in a local lattice buckling feature at the Zn2+ adsorption site, can be fully explained as the combined effect of the electrostatic relaxation of the nearest-neighbor anions in response to the smaller size of Zn2+, and the bonding asymmetry due to surface truncation. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sturchio, NC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sturchio@anl.gov RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Cheng, Likwan/C-1436-2013; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP L976 EP L982 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00545-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 132RZ UT WOS:000076645000002 ER PT J AU de la Figuera, J Pohl, K Schmid, AK Bartelt, NC Hwang, RQ AF de la Figuera, J Pohl, K Schmid, AK Bartelt, NC Hwang, RQ TI Linking dislocation dynamics and chemical reactivity on strained metal films SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE copper; dislocation multiplication; dislocation networks; etching; scanning tunneling microscopy; strained metal films; surface structure; threading dislocations ID AU(111) SURFACE; RECONSTRUCTION; INTERFACES; RELAXATION; DOMAINS AB The interaction of a model strained metal film with oxygen is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Two monolayers of copper on Ru(0001) present a well-defined dislocation network composed of threading dislocations and Shockley partial dislocations separating areas of fee and hcp stacking. We find that oxygen first reacts with these threading dislocations. Then, for exposures up to similar to 0.4 L-O2, new threading dislocation arrays appear on the surface. With the addition of more oxygen, the mesoscopic structure of the film changes from a striped array of Shockley partials to a disordered array of triangular fee regions bounded by dislocations, as oxygen proceeds to etch away the hcp areas of the copper film. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP de la Figuera, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI de la Figuera, Juan/E-7046-2010 OI de la Figuera, Juan/0000-0002-7014-4777 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP L993 EP L999 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00624-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 132RZ UT WOS:000076645000005 ER PT J AU Kuhn, P Knapp, M Soltis, SM Ganshaw, G Thoene, M Bott, R AF Kuhn, P Knapp, M Soltis, SM Ganshaw, G Thoene, M Bott, R TI The 0.78 angstrom structure of a serine protease: Bacillus lentus subtilisin SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BARRIER HYDROGEN-BOND; CATALYTIC TRIAD; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; INHIBITORS; REFINEMENT; TRYPSIN; STATE AB Ultrahigh-resolution X-ray diffraction data from cryo-cooled, B. lentus subtilisin crystals has been collected to a resolution of 0.78 Angstrom. The refined model coordinates have a rms deviation of 0.22 Angstrom relative to the same structure determined at room temperature and 2.0 Angstrom resolution. Several regions of main-chain and side-chain disorder have been identified for 21 our of 269 residues in one polypeptide chain. Hydrogen atoms appear as significant peaks in the F-o - F-c difference electron density map, and carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms can be differentiated. The estimated standard deviation (ESD) for all main-chain non-hydrogen bond lengths is 0.009 Angstrom and 0.5 degrees for bond angles based on an unrestrained full-matrix least-squares refinement. Hydrogen bonds are resolved in the serine protease catalytic triad (Ser-His-Asp). Electron density is observed for an unusual, short hydrogen bond between aspartic acid and histidine in the catalytic triad. The hydrogen atom, identified by NMR in numerous serine proteases, appears to be shared by the heteroatoms in the bond. This represents the first reported correlation between detailed chemical features identified by NMR and those in a cryo-cooled crystallographic structure determination at ultrahigh resolution. The short hydrogen bond, designated "catalytic hydrogen bond", occurs as part of an elaborate hydrogen bond network, involving Asp of the catalytic triad. While unusual, these features appear to have conserved analogues in other serine protease families although specific details differ from family to family. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Genencor Int, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Bott, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 28 TC 156 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 29 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 39 BP 13446 EP 13452 DI 10.1021/bi9813983 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 127UA UT WOS:000076367900002 PM 9753430 ER PT J AU Ghirardi, ML Lutton, TW Seibert, M AF Ghirardi, ML Lutton, TW Seibert, M TI Effects of carboxyl amino acid modification on the properties of the high-affinity, manganese-binding site in photosystem II SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC OXYGEN EVOLUTION; REDOX-ACTIVE TYROSINE; D1 POLYPEPTIDE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; EVOLVING PROPERTIES; MEMBRANE-FRAGMENTS; OXIDIZING SIDE; IN-VIVO; CLUSTER AB Our previous work using the "diphenylcarbazide (DPC)-inhibition assay" has identified-four amino acid (two carboxyls and two histidyls) ligands to four Mn2+ bound with high affinity on Tris-washed photosystem II (PSII) membrane fragments [Preston and Seibert (1991) Biochemistry 30, 9615-9624, 9625-9633]. One of the ligands binds a photooxidizable Mn, specifically, and the others bind either nonphotooxidizable Mn2+, Zn2+, or Co2+ [Ghirardi et all (1996) Biochemistry 35, 1820-1828]. The current paper shows the following: (a) the high-affinity photooxidizable Mn, which donates to the oxidized primary PSII donor (Y-z(.)), is bound to a carboxyl residue with a K-M = 1.5 mu M or K-d = 0.44 mu M in the absence of DPC, and a K-i = 1.3 mu M in the presence of DPC (both steady-state and flash approaches were used); (b) if this carboxyl is chemically modified using 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), Mn2+ is photooxidized at a lower affinity (K-d = 25 mu M) site that does not involve carboxyl ligands; (c) low-affinity Mn is photooxidized (possibly by Y-D(.), the oxidized form of the alternative PSII donor) with a K-M = 220 mu M at a completely different site that also requires a carboxyl ligand; (d) photooxidation of high-affinity DPC by Y-Z(.) with a K-M of 40-42 mu M or K-d of 49-58 mu M occurs at a site that does not require carboxyl residues; (e) photooxidation of low-affinity DPC with a K-M = 1200 mu M occurs at a site (possibly near Y-D) that is not affected by carboxyl modification with EDC. Due to the similarities between the binding of the high-affinity photooxidizable Mn to EDC-treated membranes and to PSII complexes from Asp 170D1 mutants [Nixon and Diner (1992) Biochemistry 31, 942-948], we identify its carboxyl residue ligand as Asp170 on D1, one of the reaction-center proteins. The second carboxyl ligand identified using the DPC-inhibition assay binds Mn (but not a photooxidizable one), Zn, or Co ions. At least one of the two histidyl ligands (either His337 on D1 or another unidentified histidyl) that bind nonphotooxidizable, high-affinity Mn2+ also binds Zn2+ and Co2+. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Seibert, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 29 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 39 BP 13559 EP 13566 DI 10.1021/bi980358w PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 127UA UT WOS:000076367900014 PM 9753442 ER PT J AU Ghirardi, ML Preston, C Seibert, M AF Ghirardi, ML Preston, C Seibert, M TI Use of a novel histidyl modifier to probe for residues on tris-treated photosystem II membrane fragments that may bind functional manganese SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WATER-OXIDIZING COMPLEX; OXYGEN-EVOLVING PROPERTIES; REACTION-CENTER PROTEINS; AMINO-ACID-RESIDUES; D1 POLYPEPTIDE; CA2+-DEPLETED PHOTOSYSTEM; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; THYLAKOID MEMBRANE; CYTOCHROME B-559; DONOR SIDE AB In this paper, we investigate the effects of histidyl amino acid modification on high-affinity Mn binding to photosystem II (PSII) using methods similar to those used in the preceding paper [Ghirardi et al. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 0000] for carboxyl amino acid modification. Given the rather low specificity of diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) for histidine modification, we modified Tris-washed PSII membranes with a novel and more specific histidyl modifier, platinum(II) (2,2':6',2 "-terpyridine) chloride (Pt-TP). Both the "diphenylcarbazide (DPC)-inhibition assay" and single-turnover flash approaches were used. The concentration dependence of Pt-TP modification on steady-state measurements shows two types of interactions, each accounting for about half of the full effect. At concentrations <50 mu M, Pt-TP modifies mostly histidyls and abolishes half of the observed Mn inhibition of DPC-mediated 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCIP) photoreduction (equivalent to two high-affinity, Mn-binding ligands). This effect can be blocked by addition of Mn2+ during Pt-TP modification. Double-modification experiments with DEPC and Pt-TP demonstrate that both modifiers affect the same observable histidyl residues in PSII. Above 50 mu M, Pt-TP modifies mostly cysteines (or histidines in a more hydrophobic environment) and has an additional effect on the reducing side of PSII that (a) does not involve Mn binding and (b) results in the apparent abolishment of all four of the Mn-binding ligands detected by the DPC-inhibition assay, Single-flash experiments show that histidyl modification does not eliminate the binding of the high-affinity, photooxidizable Mn2+ to Asp170 on D1 (nor does it significantly affect high-affinity DPC photooxidation), but it does decrease the binding affinity (K-d) of that Mn from 0.6 to 1.5 mu M, particularly at lower (<50 mu M Pt-TP) concentrations. Double-modification experiments also demonstrate that the lower affinity, photooxidizable Mn-binding site, uncovered when the high-affinity site is modified with 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbo hydrochloride (EDC) [see Ghirardi et al. (1998)], is not associated with a histidyl ligand. Three nonphotooxidizable, high-affinity Mn2+ ions bind to a second carboxyl and two histidyl ligands, and these Mn are not photooxidized by a flash even when the ligand to the photooxidizable Mn is modified by EDC. Proteolytic enzyme studies indicate that the two histidyl ligands identified by the DPC-inhibition assay are probably His337 on D1 and His 339 on D2, but His 332 on D1 is not eliminated. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Adelaide, Waite Agr Res Inst, Dept Plant Protect, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Seibert, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Preston, Christopher/0000-0002-7588-124X NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 29 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 39 BP 13567 EP 13574 DI 10.1021/bi980359o PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 127UA UT WOS:000076367900015 PM 9753443 ER PT J AU Xu, L Salmeron, M AF Xu, L Salmeron, M TI An XPS and scanning polarization force microscopy study of the exchange and mobility of surface ions on mica SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Potassium mica was treated with different ionic solutions to replace the naturally occurring K+ on the surface by Ca2+, Mg2+, and H+ ions. The extent of the exchange was monitored by variable emergence angle X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Scanning polarization force microscopy (SPFM) was used to measure the mobility of the surface ions as a result of water adsorption when the mica is exposed to different humidity levels. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 29 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 20 BP 5841 EP 5844 DI 10.1021/la980529y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 125DH UT WOS:000076221800029 ER PT J AU Kepler, TB Perelson, AS AF Kepler, TB Perelson, AS TI Drug concentration heterogeneity facilitates the evolution of drug resistance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE sanctuary sites; HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; HIV-1 INFECTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; VIRAL DYNAMICS; ZIDOVUDINE; EMERGENCE; CHEMOTHERAPY AB Pathogenic microorganisms use Darwinian processes to circumvent attempts at their control through chemotherapy In the case of HIV-1 infection, in which drug resistance is a continuing problem, we show that in one-compartment systems, there is a relatively narrow window of drug concentrations that allows evolution of resistant variants. When the system is enlarged to two spatially distinct compartments held at different drug concentrations with transport of virus between them, the range of average drug concentrations that allow evolution of resistance is significantly increased. For high average drug concentrations, resistance is very unlikely to arise without spatial heterogeneity, We argue that a quantitative understanding of the role played by heterogeneity in drug levels and pathogen transport is crucial for attempts to control re-emergent infectious disease. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Biomath Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kepler, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Biomath Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Kepler, Thomas/0000-0002-1383-6865 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI40387] NR 36 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 29 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 20 BP 11514 EP 11519 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.20.11514 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125DM UT WOS:000076222200006 PM 9751697 ER PT J AU Wu, M Tinoco, I AF Wu, M Tinoco, I TI RNA folding causes secondary structure rearrangement SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUP-I RIBOZYME; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; DOMAIN; LOOP; MOLECULE; PATHWAY; INTRON; CORE; NMR AB The secondary structure of the P5abc subdomain (a 56-nt RNA) of the Tetrahymena thermophila group I intron ribozyme has been determined by NMR, Its base pairing in aqueous solution in the absence of magnesium ions is significantly different from the RNA in a crystal but is consistent with thermodynamic predictions. On addition of magnesium ions, the RNA folds into a tertiary structure with greatly changed base pairing consistent with the crystal structure: three Watson-Crick base pairs, three G.U base pairs, and an extra-stable tetraloop are lost. The common assumption that RNA folds by first forming secondary structure and then forming tertiary interactions from the unpaired bases is not always correct. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Biol Struct, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tinoco, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 10840, R37 GM010840, R01 GM010840] NR 25 TC 179 Z9 184 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 29 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 20 BP 11555 EP 11560 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.20.11555 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125DM UT WOS:000076222200013 PM 9751704 ER PT J AU Isaacs, ED Marcus, M Aeppli, G Xiang, XD Sun, XD Schultz, P Kao, HK Cargill, GS Haushalter, R AF Isaacs, ED Marcus, M Aeppli, G Xiang, XD Sun, XD Schultz, P Kao, HK Cargill, GS Haushalter, R TI Synchrotron x-ray microbeam diagnostics of combinatorial synthesis SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISCOVERY AB X-ray microbeam techniques (spot size = 3 x 20 mu m(2)) have been applied to characterize the composition and structure of rare earth activated Gd(La, Sr) AlO3 phosphor thin films grown by combinatorial synthesis. Using x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction and near-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy, we have measured the chemical composition, crystallographic structure, and valence state of the rare earth activator atom Eu. These measurements represent the direct application of x-ray techniques to solid-state materials prepared by combinatorial synthesis and demonstrate the power of x-ray microbeam analysis to nondestructively characterize as-grown combinatorial libraries. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)03239-2]. C1 AT&T Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn Mat Sci & Min Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. Symyx Technol, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Isaacs, ED (reprint author), AT&T Bell Labs, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Xiang, Xiaodong/A-9445-2012; Xiang, Xiaodong/A-5936-2017 NR 9 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 13 BP 1820 EP 1822 DI 10.1063/1.122293 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 124JZ UT WOS:000076180300022 ER PT J AU Norman, AG Ahrenkiel, SP Moutinho, H Al-Jassim, MM Mascarenhas, A Millunchick, JM Lee, SR Twesten, RD Follstaedt, DM Reno, JL Jones, ED AF Norman, AG Ahrenkiel, SP Moutinho, H Al-Jassim, MM Mascarenhas, A Millunchick, JM Lee, SR Twesten, RD Follstaedt, DM Reno, JL Jones, ED TI Strain-dependent morphology of spontaneous lateral composition modulations in AlAsm(InAs)(n) short-period superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; LAYERS; INGAAS; ALLOY AB The nature of spontaneous lateral composition modulation and its relationship to surface morphology during the growth of (AlAs)(m)(InAs)(n) short-period superlattices by molecular beam epitaxy are investigated as a function of the global strain between the short-period superlattice and (001)InP substrate. For samples grown under tension, transmission electron and atomic force microscopy reveal composition modulations along directions close to [310] coupled to a surface cusping. For samples grown under compression, we observe composition modulations roughly along the elastically soft [100] directions coupled to a surface rippling. For high strains with individual InAs layer thicknesses less than or equal to 1.6 monolayers, we observe weak or no composition modulations. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)00939-5]. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Norman, AG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X NR 16 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 13 BP 1844 EP 1846 DI 10.1063/1.122301 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 124JZ UT WOS:000076180300030 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Han, J Shul, RJ AF Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Han, J Shul, RJ TI Thermal stability of H-2-implanted n- and p-type GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN; MG AB Implantation of H-2(+) into n- and p- type GaN creates high resistivity material in which the resistance displays activation energies of 0.8 and 0.9 eV, respectively. Annealing at 500 degrees C restores the initial, preimplanted resistance of the n- GaN, due to removal of the deep trap states created by the ion stopping. By contrast, in p- type GaN annealing at 500 degrees C produces motion of the implanted deuterium and formation of Mg-H complexes that keep the resistance high. About 20% of the deuterium remains in n- GaN even after annealing at 1200 degrees C, where it decorates the residual implant damage. In p- type GaN all of the deuterium is evolved from the crystal by 1000 degrees C. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)03839- X]. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 13 BP 1877 EP 1879 DI 10.1063/1.122324 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 124JZ UT WOS:000076180300041 ER PT J AU Park, C Norton, DP Budai, JD Christen, DK Verebelyi, D Feenstra, R Lee, DF Goyal, A Kroeger, DM Paranthaman, M AF Park, C Norton, DP Budai, JD Christen, DK Verebelyi, D Feenstra, R Lee, DF Goyal, A Kroeger, DM Paranthaman, M TI Bend strain tolerance of critical currents for YBa2Cu3O7 films deposited on rolled-textured, (001)Ni SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; BUFFER LAYERS; THICK-FILMS; ZIRCONIA AB Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 /CeO2/YSZ/CeO2 multilayer structures were grown on rolled-textured (001)Ni using pulsed- laser deposition. Critical current densities greater than 1 MA/cm(2) were obtained for relatively thick YBa2Cu3O7 films. The compressive and tensile bend strain tolerance of critical currents for the YBa2Cu3O7 films deposited on these rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates was also determined. These conductors retained up to 80% of their unstrained critical currents for applied compressive bend diameters as small as 1.5 cm and tensile bend diameters of 3.2 cm. The degradation of J(c) is caused by the formation and propagation of transverse cracks. The results also suggest a correlation between bend-strain tolerance for these coated conductors and total oxide layer thickness. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)02639-4]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yoon, Sejin/F-7637-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 14 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 13 BP 1904 EP 1906 DI 10.1063/1.122321 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 124JZ UT WOS:000076180300050 ER PT J AU Dewitt, B Molina-Paris, C AF Dewitt, B Molina-Paris, C TI Quantum gravity without ghosts SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID COVARIANT PERTURBATION-THEORY; FORM-FACTORS AB We give an outline of a recently discovered technique for building quantum effective action that is completely independent of gauge-fixing choices and ghost determinants. One makes maximum use of the geometry and fiber bundle structure of the space of field histories and introduces a set of nonlocal composite fields: the geodesic normal fields based on Vilkovisky's connection on the space of histories. The closed-time-path formalism of Schwinger, Bakshi, Mahantappa ct al. can be adapted for these fields, and a set of gauge-fixing-independent dynamical equations for their expectation values (starting from given initial conditions) can be computed. An obvious application for such equations is to the study of the formation and radiative decay of black holes, and to other back-reaction problems. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T6 & T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dewitt, B (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 13 IS 30 BP 2475 EP 2479 DI 10.1142/S0217732398002631 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 133GA UT WOS:000076677500008 ER PT J AU Ball, P Braun, VM Koike, Y Tanaka, K AF Ball, P Braun, VM Koike, Y Tanaka, K TI Higher twist distribution amplitudes of vector mesons in QCD: Formalism and twist 3 distributions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE higher twist; distribution amplitude; vector meson; conformal expansion; light-cone ID STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G2(X; HADRONIC FORM-FACTORS; TO-LEADING ORDER; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; Q(2) EVOLUTION; ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; RESONANCE PHYSICS; NONLEADING TWIST; TRANSVERSE SPIN AB We present a systematic study of twist 3 light-cone distribution amplitudes of vector mesons in QCD, which is based on conformal expansion and takes into account meson and quark mass corrections. A complete set of distribution amplitudes is constructed for rho, omega, K* and phi mesons, which satisfies all (exact) equations of motion and constraints from conformal expansion. Nonperturbative input parameters are calculated from QCD sum rules, including an update of SU(3) breaking corrections in the leading twist distributions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Juntendo Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2701606, Japan. RP Ball, P (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 51 TC 307 Z9 309 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 529 IS 1-2 BP 323 EP 382 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00356-3 PG 60 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 126PQ UT WOS:000076302700014 ER PT J AU Dobrescu, BA Hill, CT AF Dobrescu, BA Hill, CT TI Electroweak symmetry breaking via a top condensation seesaw mechanism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOPCOLOR-ASSISTED TECHNICOLOR; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; QUARK MASS; T-QUARK; CONSTRAINTS; BOSONS AB We propose a new mechanism in which all of the electroweak symmetry breaking is driven by a natural top quark condensate, produced by "top-color" interactions at a multi-TeV scale. The scheme allows the observed top quark mass, and acceptable T and S parameters, by invoking a seesaw mechanism involving mixing of the top with an additional isosinglet quark. [S0031-9007(98)07205-6]. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Dobrescu, BA (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 34 TC 200 Z9 201 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 13 BP 2634 EP 2637 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2634 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 123PJ UT WOS:000076133300004 ER PT J AU Ahle, L Akiba, Y Ashktorab, K Baker, MD Beavis, D Britt, HC Chang, J Chasman, C Chen, Z Chi, CY Chu, YY Cianciolo, V Cole, BA Crawford, HJ Cumming, JB Debbe, R Dunlop, JC Eldredge, W Engelage, J Fung, SY Garcia, E Gushue, S Hamagaki, H Hansen, LF Hayano, RS Heintzelman, G Judd, E Kang, J Kim, EJ Kumagai, A Kurita, K Lee, JH Luke, J Miake, Y Mignerey, A Moskowitz, B Moulson, M Muentz, C Nagamiya, S Namboodiri, MN Ogilvie, CA Olness, J Remsberg, LP Sako, H Sangster, TC Seto, R Shea, J Shigaki, K Soltz, R Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, JH Ueno-Hayashi, S Videbaek, F Wang, F Wu, Y Xiang, H Xu, GH Yagi, K Yao, H Zajc, WA Zhu, F AF Ahle, L Akiba, Y Ashktorab, K Baker, MD Beavis, D Britt, HC Chang, J Chasman, C Chen, Z Chi, CY Chu, YY Cianciolo, V Cole, BA Crawford, HJ Cumming, JB Debbe, R Dunlop, JC Eldredge, W Engelage, J Fung, SY Garcia, E Gushue, S Hamagaki, H Hansen, LF Hayano, RS Heintzelman, G Judd, E Kang, J Kim, EJ Kumagai, A Kurita, K Lee, JH Luke, J Miake, Y Mignerey, A Moskowitz, B Moulson, M Muentz, C Nagamiya, S Namboodiri, MN Ogilvie, CA Olness, J Remsberg, LP Sako, H Sangster, TC Seto, R Shea, J Shigaki, K Soltz, R Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, JH Ueno-Hayashi, S Videbaek, F Wang, F Wu, Y Xiang, H Xu, GH Yagi, K Yao, H Zajc, WA Zhu, F CA E-802 Collaboration TI Antiproton production in Au+Au collisions at 11.7A GeV/c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; ANNIHILATION AB Antiproton production in 11.7A GeV/c Au + Au collisions over a wide transverse-mass coverage was studied using the AGS-E866 experimental apparatus. The mean transverse kinetic energy increases as a function of centrality and is similar to that of protons. The antiproton yields in Si + Al, Si + Au, and Au + Au collisions are consistent with scaling with the 0.7 power of the number of participant nucleons. [S0031-9007(98)07191-9]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tanashi Branch, Tokyo 188, Japan. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tanashi 188, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Ahle, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Cumming, James/I-3358-2013; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; OI Cumming, James/0000-0001-6930-0958; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Tannenbaum, Michael/0000-0002-8840-5314; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536 NR 30 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 13 BP 2650 EP 2654 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2650 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 123PJ UT WOS:000076133300008 ER PT J AU Wang, XN AF Wang, XN TI Where is the jet quenching in Pb+Pb collisions at 158A GeV? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; BOSON PRODUCTION; QCD; DEPENDENCE; PARTICLES; MODEL; PP AB Because of the rapidly falling particle spectrum at large p(T) from jet fragmentation at CERN SPS energy, the high-pr hadron distribution should be highly sensitive to parton energy loss inside a dense medium as predicted by recent perturbative QCD (PQCD) studies. A careful analysis of recent data from CERN SPS experiments via PQCD calculation shows little evidence of energy loss. This implies that either the lifetime of the dense partonic matter is very short or one has to rethink parton energy loss in dense matter. The hadronic matter does not seem to cause jet quenching in Pb + Pb collisions at the CERN SPS. High-p(T) two particle correlation in the azimuthal angle is proposed to further clarify this issue. [S0031-9007(98)07156-7]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Mailstop 70A-3307, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 31 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 13 BP 2655 EP 2658 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2655 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 123PJ UT WOS:000076133300009 ER PT J AU Wang, LS Ding, CF Wang, XB Nicholas, JB Nicholas, B AF Wang, LS Ding, CF Wang, XB Nicholas, JB Nicholas, B TI Probing the potential barriers and intramolecular electrostatic interactions in free doubly charged anions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IONS; CLUSTERS AB Multiply charged anions, though ubiquitous in nature, have been difficult to produce and study in the gas phase. Photoelectron spectroscopy has been combined with an electrospray ion source to probe the repulsive Coulomb barriers, excess electron binding, and intramolecular electron-electron interactions in a series of dicarboxylate dianions, O2C(CH2)(n)CO2- (n = 3-10). These experiments provide quantitative information about the repulsive Coulomb barriers and how the excess electron binding energy and the barrier height depend on the intramolecular Coulomb repulsion. [S0031-9007(98)07243-3]. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 13 BP 2667 EP 2670 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2667 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 123PJ UT WOS:000076133300012 ER PT J AU Tolan, M Seeck, OH Schlomka, JP Press, W Wang, J Sinha, SK Li, Z Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, J AF Tolan, M Seeck, OH Schlomka, JP Press, W Wang, J Sinha, SK Li, Z Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, J TI Evidence for capillary waves on dewetted polymer film surfaces: A combined x-ray and atomic force microscopy study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACES; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS AB Surfaces of thin dewetted polyethylene-propylene films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray scattering. The AFM images show the mesoscopic island structure but do not give information about the microscopic roughness of the polymer surface. Together with the AFM data we were able to identify capillary waves on the island surfaces by their specific power laws in the diffuse x-ray scattering signal. The wave number spectrum of these waves is modified by a cutoff introduced by the van der Waals substrate-film interactions. [S0031-9007(98)07245-7]. C1 Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, XFD, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Tolan, M (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, Leibnizstr 19, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. NR 18 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 13 BP 2731 EP 2734 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2731 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 123PJ UT WOS:000076133300028 ER PT J AU Suh, BJ Hammel, PC Yoshinari, Y Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z AF Suh, BJ Hammel, PC Yoshinari, Y Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z TI Suppression of antiferromagnetic order by light hole doping in La2Cu1-xLixO4: A La-139 NQR study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SEPARATION; LA2CUO4; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB La-139 nuclear quadrupole resonance measurements in lightly doped La2Cu1-xLixO4 have been performed to reveal the dependence of the magnetic properties of the antiferromagnetic CuO2 planes on the character of the doped holes and their interactions with the dopant. A detailed study shows that the magnetic properties are remarkably insensitive to the character of the dopant impurity. This indicates that the added holes form previously unrecognized collective structures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 13 BP 2791 EP 2794 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2791 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 123PJ UT WOS:000076133300043 ER PT J AU Robison, LM Sylvester, PW Birkenfeld, P Lang, JP Bull, RJ AF Robison, LM Sylvester, PW Birkenfeld, P Lang, JP Bull, RJ TI Comparison of the effects of iodine and iodide on thyroid function in humans SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RAT; CANCER AB Concerns have been raised over the use of iodine for disinfecting drinking water on extended space flights. Most fears revolve around effects of iodide on thyroid function. iodine (I-2) is the form used in drinking-water disinfection. Risk assessments have treated the various forms of iodine as if they were toxicologically equivalent Recent experiments conducted in rats found that administration of iodine as Gamma (iodide) versus I-2 had opposite effects on plasma thyroid hormone levels. I-2-treated animals displayed elevated thyroxine (T-4) and thyroxine/triiodothyronine (T-4/T-3) ratios, whereas those treated with Gamma displayed no change or reduced plasma concentrations of T-4 at concentrations in drinking water of 30 or 100 mg/L. The study herein was designed to assess whether similar effects would be seen in humans as were observed in rats. A 14-d repeated-dose study utilizing total doses of iodine in the two forms at either 0.3 or 1 mg/kg body weight was conducted with 33 male volunteers. Thyroid hormones evaluated included T-4, T-3, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH was significantly increased by the high dose of both I-2 and Gamma, as compared to the control. Decreases in T-4 were observed with dose schedules with Gamma and I-2, but none were statistically significant compared to each other, or compared to the control. This human experiment failed to confirm the differential effect of I-2 on maintenance of serum T-4 concentrations relative to the effect of Gamma that was observed in prior experiments in rats. However, based on the elevations in TSH, there should be some concern over the potential impacts of chronic consumption of iodine in drinking water. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Mol Biosci Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Pharm, Pharm Pract, Pullman, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Pharm, Pharmacol Toxicol Program, Pullman, WA USA. Pullman Mem Hosp, Pullman, WA USA. RP Bull, RJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Mol Biosci Dept, POB 999-P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD SEP 25 PY 1998 VL 55 IS 2 BP 93 EP 106 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 122DQ UT WOS:000076057000002 PM 9761130 ER PT J AU Bruchez, M Moronne, M Gin, P Weiss, S Alivisatos, AP AF Bruchez, M Moronne, M Gin, P Weiss, S Alivisatos, AP TI Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; MICROSCOPY; DNA; NANOPARTICLES AB Semiconductor nanocrystals were prepared for use as fluorescent probes in biological staining and diagnostics. Compared with conventional fluorophores, the nanocrystals have a narrow, tunable. symmetric emission spectrum and are photochemically stable. The advantages of the broad, continuous excitation spectrum were demonstrated in a dual-emission, single-excitation labeling experiment on mouse fibroblasts. These nanocrystal probes are thus complementary and in some cases may be superior to existing fluorophores. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weiss, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bruchez, Marcel/C-2271-2009; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Bruchez, Marcel/0000-0002-7370-4848; weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 25 TC 5851 Z9 6053 U1 129 U2 1340 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 25 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5385 BP 2013 EP 2016 DI 10.1126/science.281.5385.2013 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 124BV UT WOS:000076161800051 PM 9748157 ER PT J AU Garaizar, FX Trangenstein, J AF Garaizar, FX Trangenstein, J TI Adaptive mesh refinement and front-tracking for shear bands in an antiplane shear model SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE adaptive mesh refinement; front-tracking; plastic; granular flow; nonassociative flow rule; shear band; Godunov ID GRANULAR FLOW; NUMERICAL COMPUTATIONS; GODUNOV METHOD; LOCALIZATION; SOLIDS AB In this paper we describe a numerical algorithm for the study of shear-band formation and growth in a two-dimensional antiplane shear of granular materials. The algorithm combines front-tracking techniques and adaptive mesh refinement. Tracking provides a more careful evolution of the band when coupled with special techniques to advance the ends of the shear band in the presence of a loss of hyperbolicity. The adaptive mesh refinement allows the computational effort to be concentrated in important areas of the deformation, such as the shear band and the elastic relief wave. The main challenges are the problems related to shear bands that extend across several grid patches and the effects that a nonhyperbolic growth rate of the shear bands has in the refinement process. We give examples of the success of the algorithm for various levels of refinement. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Math, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Garaizar, FX (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM garaizar@llnl.gov; johnt@math.duke.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD SEP 25 PY 1998 VL 20 IS 2 BP 750 EP 779 DI 10.1137/S1064827597319271 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 123LZ UT WOS:000076127800002 ER PT J AU He, G Tokue, I Harding, LB Macdonald, RG AF He, G Tokue, I Harding, LB Macdonald, RG TI Thermal rate constant and branching ratio for CN+HD -> HCN/DCN+D/H from T = 293 to 375 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; LASER-ABSORPTION; MOLECULAR-BEAM; CN; HCN; HD; DISTRIBUTIONS; CN+D-2->DCN+D; H2+CN->H+HCN; RELAXATION AB The reaction rate constant for the cyano (CN) radical with deuterium hydride (HD) has been determined over the temperature range from 293 to 375 K. As well, the branching ratio for the partitioning into HCN + D or DCN + H has also been measured. The CN radical was detected by time-resolved near-infrared absorption spectroscopy using the CN (A(2)Pi <-- X(2)Sigma) (2,0) band near 789.5 nm while the HCN molecule was monitored by time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy using the HCN(001) <-- (000) nu(3) fundamental band near 3.0 mu m. Both species were monitored following the same photolysis laser pulse used to generate the CN radical. The measurements were carried out in low pressures of Ar or He as carrier gas. The frequencies and structure of the transition states for all four isotopomers for CN + H-2 were calculated using ab initio quantum chemistry methods and a normal-mode analysis. Reasonable agreement was found between the experimental results and the rate constants predicted by conventional transition state theory using the theoretical transition state properties. These measurements should provide for an interesting test for theoretical predictions of thermal rate constants for this prototypical four-atom reaction system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Macdonald, RG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 39 BP 7653 EP 7661 DI 10.1021/jp982391y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 127WR UT WOS:000076374000016 ER PT J AU Hranisavljevic, J Michael, JV AF Hranisavljevic, J Michael, JV TI Rate constants for CF3+H-2 -> CF3H+H and CF3H+H -> CF3+H-2 reactions in the temperature range 1100-1600 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CF3 RADICALS; SHOCK-WAVES; TRIFLUOROMETHYL RADICALS; ABSOLUTE RATE; RECOMBINATION; ABSORPTION; DECOMPOSITION; PHOTOLYSIS; KINETICS; FLASH AB The shock tube technique coupled with H-atom atomic resonance absorption spectrometry has been used to study the reactions (1) CF3 + H-2 --> CF3H + H and (2) CF3H + H --> CF3 + H-2 over the temperature ranges 1168-1673 K and 1111-1550 K, respectively. The results can be represented by the Arrhenius expressions k(1) = 2.56 x 10(-11) exp(-8549K/T) and k(2) = 6.13 x 10(-11) exp(-7364K/T), both in cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) Equilibrium constants were calculated from the two Arrhenius expressions in the overlapping temperature range, and good agreement was obtained with the literature values. The rate constants for reaction 2 were converted into rate constants for reaction 1 using literature equilibrium constants. These data are indistinguishable from direct k(1) measurements, and an Arrhenius fit for the joint set is k(1) = 1.88 x 10(-11) exp(-8185K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The CF3 + H-2 --> CF3H + H reaction was further modeled using conventional transition-state theory, which included ab initio electronic structure determinations of reactants, transition state, and products. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, D-193,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 39 BP 7668 EP 7673 DI 10.1021/jp982432q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 127WR UT WOS:000076374000018 ER PT J AU Zhou, YB Gerchman, SE Ramakrishnan, V Travers, A Muyldermans, S AF Zhou, YB Gerchman, SE Ramakrishnan, V Travers, A Muyldermans, S TI Position and orientation of the globular domain of linker histone H5 on the nucleosome SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINDING-SITE; DNA-SEQUENCE; CHROMATOSOMES; CHROMATIN; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; RESOLUTION; LOCATION; PARTICLE AB It is essential to identify the exact location of the linker histone within nucleosomes, the fundamental packing units of chromatin, in order to understand how condensed, transcriptionally inactive chromatin forms. Here, using a site-specific protein-DNA photocrosslinking method(1), we map the binding site and the orientation of the globular domain of linker histone H5 on mixed-sequence chicken nucleosomes. We show, in contrast to an earlier model(2), that the globular domain forms a bridge between one terminus of chromatosomal DNA and the DNA in the vicinity of the dyad axis of symmetry of the core particle. Helix III of the globular domain binds in the major groove of the first helical turn of the chromatosomal DNA, whereas the secondary DNA-binding site on the opposite face of the globular domain of histone H5 makes contact with the nucleosomal DNA dose to its midpoint. We also infer that helix I and helix II of the globular domain of histone H5 probably face, respectively, the solvent and the nucleosome. This location places the basic carboxy-terminal region of the globular domain in a position from which it could simultaneously bind the nucleosome-linking DNA strands that exit and enter the nucleosome. C1 Free Univ Brussels VIB, B-1640 Rhode St Genese, Belgium. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. MRC, Mol Biol Lab, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. RP Muyldermans, S (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels VIB, Paardenstr 65, B-1640 Rhode St Genese, Belgium. EM svmuylde@vub.ac.be RI Muyldermans, Serge/C-6418-2016; OI Muyldermans, Serge/0000-0002-3678-3575; Ramakrishnan, V/0000-0002-4699-2194 NR 29 TC 140 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 6 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 395 IS 6700 BP 402 EP 405 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 122QW UT WOS:000076083800059 PM 9759733 ER PT J AU Antoniadis, I Arkani-Hamed, N Dimopoulos, S Dvali, G AF Antoniadis, I Arkani-Hamed, N Dimopoulos, S Dvali, G TI New dimensions at a millimeter to a fermi and superstrings at a TeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRY; BARYON; NUMBER AB Recently, a new framework for solving the hierarchy problem has been proposed which does not rely on low energy supersymmetry or technicolor. The gravitational and gauge interactions unite at the electroweak scale, and the observed weakness of gravity at long distances is due the existence of large new spatial dimensions. In this letter, we show that this framework can be embedded in string theory. These models have a perturbative description in the context of type I string theory. The gravitational sector consists of closed strings propagating in the higher-dimensional bulk, while ordinary matter consists of open strings living on D3-branes. This scenario raises the exciting possibility that the LHC and NLC will experimentally study ordinary aspects of string physics such as the production of narrow Regge-excitations of all standard model particles, as well more exotic phenomena involving strong gravity such as the production of black holes. The new dimensions can be probed by events with large missing energy carried off by gravitons escaping into the bulk. We finally discuss some important issues of model building, such as proton stability, gauge coupling unification and supersymmetry breaking. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ecole Polytech, Ctr Phys Theor, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. RP Antoniadis, I (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Ctr Phys Theor, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. NR 16 TC 3299 Z9 3307 U1 7 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 436 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00860-0 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 129JW UT WOS:000076460900005 ER PT J AU Hall, LJ Murayama, H AF Hall, LJ Murayama, H TI Study of inclusive multi-ring events from atmospheric neutrinos SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB The current analysis of atmospheric neutrinos by the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration is based only on fully-contained one-ring events and partially contained events. We show that the up-down ratio of fully-contained, inclusive, multi-ring events gives an independent test of the atmospheric neutrino anomaly, without the need for particle identification. Moreover, this class of events is rich in neutral current events and hence gives crucial information for discriminating between oscillations of nu(mu) into nu(e,tau) and nu(s). (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hall, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 436 IS 3-4 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00865-X PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 129JW UT WOS:000076460900015 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, R Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, R Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, R Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, R Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Search for neutral Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in e(+)e(-) interactions at root s = 130-183 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO PROGRAM; PAIR PRODUCTION; MUON DETECTOR; L3 EXPERIMENT; TOP-QUARK; COLLISIONS; PHYSICS; LEP; CONSTRUCTION; CALORIMETER AB A search for the lightest neutral scalar and neutral pseudoscalar Higgs bosons in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model is performed on data collected at LEP by the L3 detector at center-of-mass energies 130 GeV less than or equal to root s less than or equal to 183 GeV. No significant excess of events is observed. Limits on the masses of the lightest neutral and pseudoscalar Higgs bosons are given as a function of tan beta. Lower mass limits at the 95% confidence level are set at m(h) > 70.7 GeV and m(A) > 71.0 GeV. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, LAPP, Lab Annecy Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. FBLJA Project, World Lab, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Sci & Technol China, USTC, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. Res Inst High Energy Phys, SEFT, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. ITEP, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Eidgenoss Tech Hsch, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Acciarri, M (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RI Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014 OI Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 436 IS 3-4 BP 389 EP 402 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01002-8 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 129JW UT WOS:000076460900024 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SG Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, R Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Castantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, C Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, C Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SG Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, R Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Castantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, C Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, C Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Study of the hadronic photon structure function F-2(gamma) at LEP SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID L3 EXPERIMENT; HIGH-ENERGY; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; CROSS-SECTION; MUON DETECTOR; TRIGGER; CONSTRUCTION; CALORIMETER; Q2 AB The hadronic photon structure function F-2(gamma) is Studied in the reaction e(+)e(-) --> e(+)e(-) hadrons at LEP with the L3 detector. The data, collected from 1991 to 1995 at a centre-of-mass energy root s similar or equal to 91 GeV, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 140 pb(-1). The photon structure function F-2(gamma) is measured in the Q(2) interval 1.2 GeV2 less than or equal to Q(2) less than or equal to 9.0 GeV2 and the x interval 0.002 < x < 0.2. F-2(gamma) shows a linear growth with lnQ(2). The value of the slope alpha(-1)dF(2)(gamma)(Q(2))/dlnQ(2) is measured to be 0.079 +/- 0.011 +/- 0.009. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, LAPP, Lab Annecy Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. FBLJA Project, World Lab, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Sci & Technol China, USTC, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. Res Inst High Energy Phys, SEFT, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Nucl Phys, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. ITEP, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Eidgenoss Tech Hsch, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Acciarri, M (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RI Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012 OI Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069 NR 45 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 436 IS 3-4 BP 403 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01025-9 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 129JW UT WOS:000076460900025 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Gai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, R Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, D Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, P Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, A Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, RE Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Gai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, R Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, D Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, P Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, A Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, RE Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Production of single W bosons in e(+)e(-) interactions at 130 <=root s <= 183 GeV and limits on anomalous WW gamma couplings SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO PROGRAM; PAIR PRODUCTION; BHABHA SCATTERING; E+E ANNIHILATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; MUON DETECTOR; L3 EXPERIMENT; COLLISIONS; LEP; ENERGIES AB We report on a study of single W boson production in a data sample collected by the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies from 130 to 183 GeV. The signal consists of large missing energy final states with a single energetic lepton or two hadronic jets. The measured cross sections at five different centre-of-mass energies are consistent with the Standard Model expectations. The following limits on the anomalous WW gamma gauge couplings are derived at 95% CL: - 0.46 < Delta kappa(gamma) < 0.57 and - 0.86 < lambda(gamma) < 0.75. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, LAPP, IN2P3, CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. World Lab, FBLJA Project, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Chinese Univ Sci & Technol, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. SEFT, Res Inst High Energy Phys, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, IN2P3, CNRS, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Catholic Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Acciarri, M (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RI Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015 OI Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 436 IS 3-4 BP 417 EP 427 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01027-2 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 129JW UT WOS:000076460900026 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, H Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Sakar, S Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, T Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, H Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Sakar, S Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, T Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Test of CP invariance in Z ->mu(+)mu(-)gamma decay SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID VIOLATION; SEARCH; LEPTON AB We report on the first test of CP invariance in Z decays with hard photon radiation. The data recorded with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies near the Z resonance are used to search for CP violation in the reaction e(+)e(-)-->mu(+)mu(-)gamma. No evidence for CP violation is found and limits on the CP-violating form factors f(A)(mu) and f(V)(mu) are derived. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, IN2P3, CNRS, LAPP, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Acad Sinica, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. World Lab, FBLJA Project, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Chinese Univ Sci & Technol, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. SEFT, Res Inst High Energy Phys, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, IN2P3, CNRS, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Eidgenoss Tech Hochschule, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. RP Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RI Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015 OI Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 436 IS 3-4 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00965-4 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 129JW UT WOS:000076460900027 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, I Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romero, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muanza, GS Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, P Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pedace, M Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Sakar, S Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, I Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romero, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muanza, GS Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, P Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pedace, M Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Sakar, S Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Measurement of W-pair cross sections in e(+)e(-) interactions at root s = 183 GeV and W-decay branching fractions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FRAUTSCHI-SUURA EXPONENTIATION; ELECTRON-POSITRON COLLISIONS; CARLO EVENT GENERATOR; STATE QED CORRECTIONS; CERN PBARP COLLIDER; MONTE-CARLO; BOSON MASS; BHABHA SCATTERING; E+E COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=161 GEV AB We report on the measurement of W-boson pair-production with the L3 detector at LEP, In a data sample corresponding to a total luminosity of 55.47 pb(-1) collected at an average centre-of-mass energy of 182.68 GeV, we select 824 four-fermion events with pairs of hadronic jets or pairs of leptons with high invariant masses. Branching fractions of W decays into different fermion-antifermion pairs are determined, Assuming charged-current lepton universality, the branching fraction for hadronic W decays is measured to be: B(W --> hadrons) = 70.1 +/- 1.3(stat.) +/- 0.4(syst.) %. Combining all final states the total cross section for W-pair production is measured to be: sigma(WW) = 16.53 +/- 0.67(stat.) +/- 0.26(syst.) pb. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, LAPP, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. World Lab, FBLJA Project, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Chinese Univ Sci & Technol, USTC, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. Res Inst High Energy Phys, SEFT, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, IN2P3, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. ITEP, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Catholic Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Acciarri, M (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RI Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015 OI Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532 NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 436 IS 3-4 BP 437 EP 452 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01036-3 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 129JW UT WOS:000076460900028 ER PT J AU Jackson, WM Price, RJ Xu, DD Wrobel, JD Ahmed, M Peterka, DS Suits, AG AF Jackson, WM Price, RJ Xu, DD Wrobel, JD Ahmed, M Peterka, DS Suits, AG TI Velocity map imaging studies of the Lyman alpha photodissociation mechanism for H atom production from hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRONIC SPECTRA; METHANE; ETHYLENE; DYNAMICS; NM; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; RATIOS; ETHANE AB H atoms produced in Lyman ct photolysis of ethane, propane, and ethylene have been studied using velocity map imaging techniques. Two types of H atoms are identified, one formed along with an alkyl radical in the Rydberg state and the other by the subsequent decomposition of this Rydberg radical. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Chem Dynam Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jackson, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 22 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 12 BP 4703 EP 4706 DI 10.1063/1.477082 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122CY UT WOS:000076054500001 ER PT J AU Cao, H Zhang, RW Sundar, CS Yuan, JP He, Y Sandreczki, TC Jean, YC Nielsen, B AF Cao, H Zhang, RW Sundar, CS Yuan, JP He, Y Sandreczki, TC Jean, YC Nielsen, B TI Degradation of polymer coating systems studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy. 1. UV irradiation effect SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article AB The degradation of polymer coating systems due to UV irradiation is studied using positron annihilation spectroscopy. Doppler broadened spectra of positron annihilation are measured as a function of slow positron implantation energy in a series of polymer coating systems which were exposed to UV irradiation for up to 2000 h. The S parameters from the Doppler broadened energy spectra vs positron energy show an increase at very low positron energy (<575 eV) and then a decrease to about 8 keV, followed by a slight increase up to 50 keV. The UV irradiation systematically decreases the S parameter as a function of exposure duration. The significant S parameter decrease is interpreted as the degradation of polymers and the change of the sub-nanometer defect profiles due to UV irradiation. These interpretations are supported by the data from the atomic force microscope, UV absorption, Fourier transform infrared, and profilometry measurements. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sandreczki, TC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040 NR 29 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 22 PY 1998 VL 31 IS 19 BP 6627 EP 6635 DI 10.1021/ma9802778 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 123LW UT WOS:000076127500036 ER PT J AU Budzien, JL McCoy, JD Curro, JG LaViolette, RA Peterson, ES AF Budzien, JL McCoy, JD Curro, JG LaViolette, RA Peterson, ES TI The solubility of gases in polyethylene: Integral equation study of standard molecular models SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYMER MELTS; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; FLUIDS; DENSE; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; LIQUIDS; VOLUME AB The solubility coefficients of a wide range of gases in polyethylene were calculated with a recently developed integral equation theory of gas solubility. Standard Lennard-Jones potential interactions were used for united atom models of both gas molecules and polyethylene, CH2, sites. The cross interactions were assumed to be given by the standard Bertholet relationships, and care was taken to stay within the Henry's law limit. The predictions of the theory for the solubility of low critical temperature gases in polyethylene were compared to the experimental values. The agreement was excellent, and for the cases considered, there was no justification for introducing non-Bertholet cross interactions. On the other hand, the results were found to be sensitive to the details of the CH2-CH2 interaction. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McCoy, JD (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RI McCoy, John/B-3846-2010; Budzien, Joanne/E-8315-2011 OI McCoy, John/0000-0001-5404-1404; NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 22 PY 1998 VL 31 IS 19 BP 6669 EP 6675 DI 10.1021/ma9803537 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 123LW UT WOS:000076127500041 ER PT J AU Lehoucq, RB Meerbergen, K AF Lehoucq, RB Meerbergen, K TI Using generalized cayley transformations within an inexact rational Krylov sequence method SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE generalized eigenvalue problem; rational Krylov sequence; Arnoldi method; eigenvalues; Cayley transformation ID EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS; SPECTRAL TRANSFORMATION; RIGHTMOST EIGENVALUES; DAVIDSON METHOD; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; ARNOLDI METHOD; SPARSE; COMPUTATION; ALGORITHM; ITERATION AB The rational Krylov sequence (RKS) method is a generalization of Arnoldi's method. It constructs an orthogonal reduction of a matrix pencil into an upper Hessenberg pencil. The RKS method is useful when the matrix pencil may be efficiently factored. This paper considers approximately solving the resulting linear systems with iterative methods. We show that a Cayley transformation leads to a more efficient and robust eigensolver than the usual shift-invert transformation when the linear systems are solved inexactly within the RKS method. A relationship with the recently introduced Jacobi-Davidson method is also established. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Lehoucq, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rlehoucq@cs.sandia.gov; K.A.Y.Meerbergen@rl.ac.uk RI Meerbergen, Karl/B-8414-2014 OI Meerbergen, Karl/0000-0002-1508-0248 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PD SEP 22 PY 1998 VL 20 IS 1 BP 131 EP 148 DI 10.1137/S0895479896311220 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 122DF UT WOS:000076056100001 ER PT J AU Shan, W Perlin, P Ager, JW Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE McCluskey, MD Johnson, NM Bour, DP AF Shan, W Perlin, P Ager, JW Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE McCluskey, MD Johnson, NM Bour, DP TI Comparison study of photoluminescence from InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells and InGaN epitaxial layers under large hydrostatic pressure SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE LASER-DIODES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; SUPERLATTICES; OPERATION; CONSTANTS AB We report the results of a comparison study of photoluminescence (PL) from an In0.15Ga0.85N/GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) sample and an In0.11Ga0.89N thick epitaxial-layer sample, which have very similar band-gap energies. Large hydrostatic pressures were used for our investigations. The PL emissions in both samples were found to shift linearly to higher energy with applied pressure, In the MQW sample, the pressure response of the InGaN is dominated by the GaN layers, which leads to a significantly weaker pressure dependence as compared to the epilayer sample. Our results yield a pressure coefficient of 2.8 X 10(-3) eV/kbar for the In0.15Ga0.85N/GaN MQW sample and 4.0 X 10(-3) eV/kbar for the In0.11Ga0.89N epilayer. An abrupt decrease of PL intensity in both samples was observed at pressures above 100 kbar, indicating the carriers involved in the radiative recombination processes in the samples originate primarily from the adjacent GaN layers. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Xerox Corp, Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Shan, W (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1613 EP 1615 DI 10.1063/1.122266 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121CD UT WOS:000075993800003 ER PT J AU McCauley, TG Gruen, DM Krauss, AR AF McCauley, TG Gruen, DM Krauss, AR TI Temperature dependence of the growth rate for nanocrystalline diamond films deposited from an Ar/CH4 microwave plasma SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have investigated the effect of substrate temperature on the growth rate and properties of nanocrystalline diamond thin films prepared by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition on (100) Si from a 1% methane (CH4) precursor in argon (Ar). In previous work we have shown that the carbon dimer C-2 is the dominant growth species for this CH4/Ar system without the addition of molecular hydrogen. In the present work, the apparent activation energy for this growth process from C-2 was determined from a standard Arrhenius-type analysis of the growth rate data for substrate temperatures between 500 and 900 degrees C. The measured value of 5.85+/-0.438 kcal/mol (0.254+/-0.019 eV/atom) is shown to be in close agreement with the results of recent modeling studies of the energetics of C-2 addition to the diamond (110)-(1X1):H surface. These results have important implications for low-temperature diamond coating of nonrefractory materials such as glasses. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McCauley, TG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1646 EP 1648 DI 10.1063/1.122233 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121CD UT WOS:000075993800014 ER PT J AU Han, J Crawford, MH Shul, RJ Figiel, JJ Banas, M Zhang, L Song, YK Zhou, H Nurmikko, AV AF Han, J Crawford, MH Shul, RJ Figiel, JJ Banas, M Zhang, L Song, YK Zhou, H Nurmikko, AV TI AlGaN/GaN quantum well ultraviolet light emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; EMISSION; GAN AB We report on the growth and characterization of ultraviolet GaN quantum well light emitting diodes. The room-temperature electroluminescence emission was peaked at 353.6 nm with a narrow linewidth of 5.8 nm. In the simple planar devices, without any efforts to improve light extraction efficiency, an output power of 13 mu W at 20 mA was measured, limited in the present design by absorption in the GaN cap layer and buffer layer. Pulsed electroluminescence data demonstrate that the output power does not saturate up to current densities approaching 9 kA/cm(2). (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 169 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1688 EP 1690 DI 10.1063/1.122246 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121CD UT WOS:000075993800028 ER PT J AU Teo, KL Colton, JS Yu, PY Weber, ER Li, MF Liu, W Uchida, K Tokunaga, H Akutsu, N Matsumoto, K AF Teo, KL Colton, JS Yu, PY Weber, ER Li, MF Liu, W Uchida, K Tokunaga, H Akutsu, N Matsumoto, K TI An analysis of temperature dependent photoluminescence line shapes in InGaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; EPILAYERS; EMISSION; STATES; ALLOYS; GREEN; BLUE; NM AB Photoluminescence (PL) line shapes in InGaN multiple quantum well structures have been studied experimentally and theoretically between 10 and 300 K. The higher temperature PL spectra can be fitted quantitatively with a thermalized carrier distribution and a broadened joint-density-of-states. The low temperature PL line shapes suggest that carriers are not thermalized, as a result of localization by band-gap fluctuations. We deduce a localization energy of similar to 7 meV as compared with an activation energy of similar to 63 meV from thermal quenching of the PL intensity. We thus conclude that this activation energy and the band-gap fluctuation most likely have different origins. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Optoelect, Singapore 11920, Singapore. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pyyu@lbl.gov RI Teo, Kie Leong/B-1921-2008; OI Teo, Kie Leong/0000-0001-5073-4510 NR 21 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1697 EP 1699 DI 10.1063/1.122249 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121CD UT WOS:000075993800031 ER PT J AU Ramaswamy, S Aravas, N AF Ramaswamy, S Aravas, N TI Finite element implementation of gradient plasticity models - Part I: Gradient-dependent yield functions SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NONLOCAL DAMAGE; COSSERAT CONTINUUM; LOCALIZATION; DEFORMATION; FORMULATION; ELASTOPLASTICITY; LIQUEFACTION; SOLIDS AB Theories with intrinsic or material length scales find applications in the modeling of size-dependent phenomena such as, for example, the localization of plastic flow into shear bands. In gradient-type plasticity theories, length scales are introduced through the coefficients of spatial gradients of one or more internal variables. The present work undertakes the variational formulation and finite element implementation of two families of gradient-type plasticity models in which higher-order gradients of the state variables enter the yield function (in Part I) or the evolution equations for the state variables (in Part II). As an example, the application to a gradient-type version of the von Mises plasticity model is described in detail in the present paper. Numerical examples of localization under plane strain tension are considered using both the gradient-type (non-local) model and itc; corresponding classical (local) counterpart. An important consequence of using the non-local model is that the numerical solution does not exhibit the pathological mesh-dependence that is evident when the standard von Mises model is used. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Thessaly, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Pedion Areos 38334, Volos, Greece. Sandia Natl Labs, Solid & Mat Mech Dept, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Aravas, N (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Pedion Areos 38334, Volos, Greece. NR 39 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 163 IS 1-4 BP 11 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(98)00028-0 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 134JR UT WOS:000076740200002 ER PT J AU Ramaswamy, S Aravas, N AF Ramaswamy, S Aravas, N TI Finite element implementation of gradient plasticity models - Part II: Gradient-dependent evolution equations SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NONLOCAL DAMAGE; GROWTH AB The variational formulation and finite element implementation of a class of plasticity models with gradient-dependent yield functions is covered in detail in Part I. In this sequel, attention is focussed upon the finite element formulation and implementation of a different class of plasticity models wherein spatial gradients of one or more internal variables enter the evolution equations for the state variables. Finite element solutions are obtained for the problems of localization of plastic flow in plane strain tension and of a mode-I plane strain crack. The pathological dependence of the finite element solution on the size of the elements in local plasticity models disappears when the gradient-type model is used. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Thessaly, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Pedion Areos 38334, Volos, Greece. Sandia Natl Labs, Solid & Mat Mech Dept, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Aravas, N (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Pedion Areos 38334, Volos, Greece. NR 8 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 163 IS 1-4 BP 33 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(98)00027-9 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 134JR UT WOS:000076740200003 ER PT J AU Dinnebier, RE Pink, M Sieler, J Norby, P Stephens, PW AF Dinnebier, RE Pink, M Sieler, J Norby, P Stephens, PW TI Powder structure solutions of the compounds potassium phenoxide-phenol: C6H5OK center dot xC(6)H(5)OH (x = 2, 3) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM PHENOXIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION AB We report the ab initio structure solutions of two solvent containing potassium phenoxides by high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction. Both compounds are of interest for the classification of the mechanism of Kolbe-Schmitt type reactions. C6H5OK . 2C(6)H(5)OH crystallizes in space group Abm2, Z = 4, with unit cell parameters a = 10.12458(4) Angstrom, b = 21.2413(1) Angstrom, c = 7.89784(3) Angstrom. C6H5OK . 3C(6)H(5)OH crystallizes in space group Pbca, Z = 8, with unit cell parameters a = 22.7713(1) Angstrom, b = 25.4479(2) Angstrom, c = 7.75549(4) Angstrom. Both compounds show polymeric zigzag chains (1[)(infinity)K([6])O(2)([2])O([1])pi(phenyl)([1])] aligned along thr c-axis. The coordination of the potassium ions is similar for both compounds. They lie at the center of distorted octahedra of five oxygen atoms and one phenyl ring, which donates its pi electrons. The distortion decreases as the number of free phenol increases. C1 Univ Bayreuth, Crystallog Lab, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Leipzig, Inst Inorgan Chem, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Dinnebier, RE (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Crystallog Lab, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RI Dinnebier, Robert/B-5642-2015; Norby, Poul/B-9047-2014 OI Dinnebier, Robert/0000-0003-2778-2113; Norby, Poul/0000-0002-2590-7050 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 19 BP 4996 EP 5000 DI 10.1021/ic980350a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 123AZ UT WOS:000076104800034 ER PT J AU Huang, DP Corbett, JD AF Huang, DP Corbett, JD TI K4Au(TlSn3): A novel zintl phase with an anionic chain SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS; CLUSTERS; TIN AB Reactions of the component elements at 1050 degrees C and then 400 degrees C in Ta containers generate the black title phase in good yield. Single-crystal X-ray characterization (monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 4, a = 15.101(3) Angstrom, b = 6.6925(9) Angstrom, c = 14.389(3) Angstrom, beta = 118.61(1)degrees) revealed a novel infinite chain structure in which similar to D-2d (1)(infinity)[(TlSn3)Au](4-) units are made from tetrahedra of disordered Tl + 3Sn that are bridged at opposite edges by four-bonded Au atoms, and vice versa. The chains have the electron count of a classical Zintl phase in which all elements are four-bonded. The MOs of the chain fragment and the band structure of the chains are described. A relatively large gap appears to arise because of the similar energies of Au 6s and the TlSn34- units. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 19 BP 5007 EP 5010 DI 10.1021/ic980579q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 123AZ UT WOS:000076104800036 ER PT J AU Goeringer, DE McLuckey, SA AF Goeringer, DE McLuckey, SA TI Relaxation of internally excited high-mass ions simulated under typical quadrupole ion trap storage conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE quadrupole ion trap; helium bath gas; collisional cooling; internal relaxation ID ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION; PROTON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; MULTIPLY-CHARGED ANIONS; PHASE ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ENERGY-TRANSFER; GAS-PHASE; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION; COLLISIONAL RELAXATION; LARGE MOLECULES; SPECTROMETRY AB Collisional relaxation of internally excited high-mass (>1 kDa) ions has been simulated under typical quadrupole ion trap storage conditions. Two models have been employed that are expected to bracket the range of cooling rates that prevail for such ions present in similar to 1 mTorr of room temperature helium. A diffuse scattering model that assumes that the helium target atom thermally equilibrates with the high-mass ion upon collision is expected to yield a maximum cooling rate. A random walk algorithm using the exponential model for inefficient colliders and a relatively small average energy down-step size provides an estimate for the lowest cooling rates that might be expected. The two models give cooling rates that differ by about a factor of three and fall within the range of 200-2000 s(-1) for the ions and energies considered in the simulations. Unimolecular dissociation rates have also been determined for the same model ions. Random wall simulations employing collisional cooling and dissociation clearly show how a rapid input of internal energy, as with the absorption of an ultraviolet photon, can either result in dissociation of a large fraction of the ions or can lead to an insignificant degree of dissociation, depending largely on the unimolecular dissociation rate of the ion. (Int J Mass Spectrom 177 (1998) 163-174) (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goeringer, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Bldg 5510,MS-6365, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goeringerde@ornl.gov RI McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009 OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570 NR 55 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 177 IS 2-3 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14043-5 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 123ZY UT WOS:000076156900008 ER PT J AU Ferrere, S Gregg, BA AF Ferrere, S Gregg, BA TI Chloride oxidation catalysis by a polymeric oxide derived from [Ru(4,4 '-dimethyl-2,2 '-bipyridine)(Cl)(3)(H2O)] SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-FARADAY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID WATER-OXIDATION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; REDOX PROPERTIES; OXO; RUTHENIUM; COMPLEXES; OXYGEN; MANGANESE; ION; PORPHYRINS AB Hydrolyses of the species [Ru(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)(Cl)(3)(H2O)] and [Ru(2,2',2 "-terpyridine)(Cl)(3)] yield polymeric, water-soluble oxides that function as chloride oxidation catalysts. '[RuDMBO2](x)', the polymer formed from [Ru(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)(Cl)(3)(H2O)] is described. It is characterized by UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and electrochemical analyses. It exhibits significantly higher turnover numbers for electrocatalysis (>11000)and chemical catalysis (ca. 1000) than those previously reported for molecular mu-oxo dimers of ruthenium. The oxidation of chloride in aqueous solutions also yields some oxygen in the presence of [RuDMBO2](x). The polymer's high catalytic activity and unique structure may facilitate its incorporation into molecular photoconversion systems. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gregg, BA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0956-5000 J9 J CHEM SOC FARADAY T JI J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 94 IS 18 BP 2827 EP 2833 DI 10.1039/a803758b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122RH UT WOS:000076084900026 ER PT J AU Wilson, MA AF Wilson, MA TI The US DOE program for inertial fusion energy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE Inertial Fusion Energy; accelerator-driven; US DOE program AB Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) is viewed by the US fusion community as a promising alternative and, thus, is a "proper and important component" in the restructured US fusion energy sciences program. The office of Fusion Energy Sciences in DOE continues to support Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) research and development, but with delayed plans for any major construction, due to US government budget tightening. (c) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Wilson, MA (reprint author), US DOE, ER-55,19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00368-4 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200002 ER PT J AU Bangerter, RO AF Bangerter, RO TI The US heavy-ion fusion program SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE heavy-ion inertial confinement fusion AB Since the last Symposium, the US has restructured its fusion program to emphasize science, enabling technologies, and innovation. A principal goal of the restructured program is to develop new, more attractive fusion options. As part of the restructurinG, we have canceled ILSE, an accelerator project described at previous Symposia. Instead of ILSE, we have initiated a program of small experiments, technology development, and end-to-end numerical simulation of accelerators and targets. In addition, we have expanded our effort in chamber dynamics and power-plant technologies. This new program has two goals: (1) the development of a more compelling (less expensive) long-term vision for heavy-ion fusion and (2) the development of the scientific and technological foundation for the construction of an accelerator research facility with far greater capability than ILSE. This accelerator facility (sometimes called the Integrated Research Experiment) together with the National Ignition Facility and the expanded program in chambers and power plant technologies will, if successful, provide a sound basis for a decision to begin construction of a full-scale heavy-ion driver that could be upgraded to drive a demonstration power plant. The National Ignition Facility is expected to demonstrate ignition by 2006. With adequate funding, it would also be possible to complete the Integrated Research Experiment by this time. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bangerter, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 47-112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00369-6 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200003 ER PT J AU Campbell, EM AF Campbell, EM TI Some applications of lasers to experimental high-energy density physics at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR EXPERIMENTS; SINGLE-MODE; NOVA AB Advances in laser technology have made possible the construction of the National ignition Facility for inertial fusion ignition and energy gain in the laboratory, for understanding the properties of matter in extreme conditions of gigabar pressures, densities many times solid density, and at relativistically hot temperatures T(e)much greater than m(e)c(2). These advances have spawned many valuable applications in coherent light sources, micro-impulse radar, EUV lithography, medical imaging, and laboratory astrophysics. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Campbell, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00510-5 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200006 ER PT J AU Perkins, LJ AF Perkins, LJ TI The role of inertial fusion energy in the energy marketplace of the 21st century and beyond SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE inertial fusion energy; population and energy projections; economics; environment; fusion fuel resources ID POWER-PLANT DESIGN; REACTORS AB The viability of inertial fusion in the 21st century and beyond will be determined by its ultimate cost, complexity, and development path relative to other competing, long term, primary energy sources. We examine this potential marketplace in terms of projections for population growth, energy demands, competing fuel sources and environmental constraints (CO2), and show that the two competitors for inertial fusion energy (IFE) in the medium and long term are methane gas hydrates and advanced, breeder fission; both have potential fuel reserves that will last for thousands of years. Relative to other classes of fusion concepts, we argue that the single largest advantage of the inertial route is the perception by future customers that the IFE fusion power core could achieve credible capacity factors, a result of its relative simplicity, the decoupling of the driver and reactor chamber, and the potential to employ thick liquid walls. In particular, we show that the size, cost and complexity of the IFE reactor chamber is little different to a fission reactor vessel of the same thermal power. Therefore, relative to fission, because of IFE's tangible advantages in safety, environment, waste disposal fuel supply and proliferation, our research in advanced targets and innovative drivers can lead to a certain, reduced-size driver at which future utility executives will be indifferent to the choice of an advanced fission plant or an advanced IFE power plant; from this point on, we have a competitive commercial product. Finally, given that the major potential customer for energy in the next century is the present developing world, we put the case for future IFE "reservations" which could be viable propositions providing sufficient reliability and redundancy can be realized for each modular reactor unit. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Magnet Fus Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Perkins, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Magnet Fus Div, POB 808 L-637, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM perkins3@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00610-X PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200008 ER PT J AU Tabak, M Callahan-Miller, D AF Tabak, M Callahan-Miller, D TI Design of a distributed radiator target for inertial fusion driven from two sides with heavy ion beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV ID GAIN; IGNITION; PHYSICS; MODEL AB We describe the status of a distributed radiator heavy ion target design. In integrated calculations this target ignited and produced 390-430 MJ of yield when driven with 5.8-6.5 MJ of 3-4 GeV Pb ions. The target has cylindrical symmetry with disk endplates. The ions uniformly illuminate these endplates in a 5 mm radius spot. We discuss the considerations which led to this design together with some previously unused design features: low-density hohlraum walls in approximate pressure balance with internal low-Z fill materials, radiation symmetry determined by the position of the radiator materials and particle ranges, and early time pressure symmetry possibly influenced by radiation shims. We discuss how this target scales to lower input energy or to lower beam power. Variant designs with more realistic beam focusing strategies are also discussed. We show the tradeoffs required for targets which accept higher particle energies. Finally, the impact of the fast ignitor concept on heavy ion fusion is discussed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tabak, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00371-4 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200011 ER PT J AU Breuer, M Agliozzo, S Bassan, M Commeaux, C Didelez, JP Honig, A Rouille, G Sandorfi, A Schaerf, C Whisnant, S Bellini, V Capogni, M Castoldi, M D'Angelo, A Di Salvo, R Gervino, G Ghio, F Girolami, B Sandri, PL Moricciani, D Zucchiatti, A AF Breuer, M Agliozzo, S Bassan, M Commeaux, C Didelez, JP Honig, A Rouille, G Sandorfi, A Schaerf, C Whisnant, S Bellini, V Capogni, M Castoldi, M D'Angelo, A Di Salvo, R Gervino, G Ghio, F Girolami, B Sandri, PL Moricciani, D Zucchiatti, A TI Polarization of hydrogen molecules HD, D-2 and DT SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV ID FUSION AB Highly polarized Hydrogen molecules in the solid phase are of primary interest as "polarized targets" for Nuclear Physics and "polarized fuel" for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF). We are developing new techniques to polarize Hydrogen molecules. There are 2 objectives: production of polarized HD targets by static polarization, in order to perform nuclear physics experiments; and investigation of dynamic polarization processes for HD, D-2 and DT, for fusion research. These approaches are described and the results already obtained for the static polarization of HD are given. The possibility to investigate dynamic polarization methods for HD and apply them to DT in order to produce polarized DT fuel for fusion is discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Phys Nucl, Div Nucl Phys, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00173 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 2, Rome, Italy. Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, LEGS Project, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Catania, I-95124 Catania, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Sud, Catania, Italy. Univ Genoa, I-16126 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, Genoa, Italy. Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, Turin, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. IN2P3, Inst Sci Nucl, Grenoble, France. RP Didelez, JP (reprint author), Inst Phys Nucl, Div Nucl Phys, IN2P3, Bat 100, F-91406 Orsay, France. RI Bassan, Massimo/J-1652-2012; D'Angelo, Annalisa/A-2439-2012; moricciani, dario/C-5002-2014; Zucchiatti, Alessandro/K-2784-2014; GHIO, FRANCESCO/F-2092-2015; BELLINI, Vincenzo/B-1239-2012; OI D'Angelo, Annalisa/0000-0003-3050-4907; moricciani, dario/0000-0002-1737-8857; Zucchiatti, Alessandro/0000-0002-3647-596X; BELLINI, Vincenzo/0000-0001-6906-7463; Levi Sandri, Paolo/0000-0002-0069-2399; Di Salvo, Rachele/0000-0002-2162-714X NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00380-5 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200025 ER PT J AU Yu, S Eylon, S Fessenden, T Henestroza, E Lafever, R Leemans, W Petzoldt, R Ponce, D Vella, M Moir, RW Sharp, WM Peterson, R Sawan, M Tauschwitz, A AF Yu, S Eylon, S Fessenden, T Henestroza, E Lafever, R Leemans, W Petzoldt, R Ponce, D Vella, M Moir, RW Sharp, WM Peterson, R Sawan, M Tauschwitz, A TI Plasma-channel-based reactor and final transport SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE heavy ion fusion; reactor; Z-pinch; plasma AB As part of an ongoing exploration of final transport schemes based on plasma channels, a point design of a final focus and reactor system is being developed. Six MJ of 3-4 GeV Pb ions are delivered to a target in two opposing current-carrying plasma channels within a modified HYLIFE II reactor filled with 5 Torr of Xe gas. The transition from the superconducting quadrupoles to the small entrance hole in the reactor is provided by a tapered plasma lens. The required channel parameters of 50 kA current and 10 mm size have been demonstrated to be feasible in recent Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) experiments. The proposed system relaxes requirements on the incoming beam and provides life of the plant protection of all critical components around the reactor. Engineering design work is paralleled with beam and channel simulations from the final quadrupoles to the target. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ERnest Orlando Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. RP Yu, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM simon-yu@macmail.lbl.gov NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00535-X PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200028 ER PT J AU Peterson, RR Sawan, ME Yu, S Moir, R AF Peterson, RR Sawan, ME Yu, S Moir, R TI Target chamber considerations for heavy ion transport in plasma channels SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE heavy ion inertial fusion; z-pinch; ion transport; blast waves; neutron damage AB The transport of ions in pre-formed plasma channels is considered for heavy ion fusion power plants. Analysis has been performed of the behavior of channels in a target chamber gas, of the effect of channels on the shielding of the final focus of the driver from target generated neutrons and of the target generated blast that propagates in the plasma channel to the final focus. On the basis of this analysis, transport channels seem to be consistent with a particular heavy ion fusion power plant concept. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Peterson, RR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 182 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00381-7 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200029 ER PT J AU Henestroza, E Yu, S Vella, MC Sharp, WM AF Henestroza, E Yu, S Vella, MC Sharp, WM TI Simulations of channel-based final beam transport SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE numerical simulations; heavy ion fusion; plasma focusing AB We present simulations of final-transport systems based on laser-initiated Z-discharge channels. The systems consist of several beams transported in quadrupole-channel arrays aiming at an adiabatic plasma lens, where they are combined, focused, and transported to the target through a laser-initiated discharge channel. Details of the magnetic-quadrupole beamlines and their interface with the plasma channel are shown. We also present preliminary hydrodynamic calculations to model pinching and current build-up in the laser-initiated discharge. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Henestroza, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 47-112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00536-1 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200030 ER PT J AU Vella, MC Fessenden, TJ Leemans, W Yu, S Tauschwitz, A AF Vella, MC Fessenden, TJ Leemans, W Yu, S Tauschwitz, A TI Plasma pinch for final focus and transport SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE Z-pinch; channel; ion focusing; ion transport ID CHANNELS AB Adiabatic plasma lens and Z-pinch channel transport represent attractive alternatives for the final transport of Heavy-Ion Fusion (HIF) beams to target. Production of stable, reliable, precisely timed Z-pinches is a first step to establish this method of channel transport for HIF. Stable Z-pinches at currents greater than 30 kA over a distance of 400 mm were routinely produced at 3-10 Torr. The technique uses four distinct steps: (1) laser ionization; (2) laser initiated resistor; (3) prepulse Z-pinch; and (4) high-current Z-pinch. The time interval between laser trigger and main-bank spark-gap trigger is controllable to less than 10 ns, limited by the firing characteristics of the spark gap. Optical channel diameters measured with a gated TV camera and correlated with a current probe are approximately those needed for transport in fusion chamber. No large or small scale instabilities were observed before the first current peak. A symmetric two-sided return path had a stable target interaction, even with inductively unbalanced currents. As expected, a single return path, 90 degrees to a single-pinch channel had unstable alignment on the target, due to higher magnetic pressure on the inside of the 90 degrees bend. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Vella, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 47-112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00537-3 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200031 ER PT J AU Barnard, JJ Bangerter, RO Faltens, A Fessenden, TJ Friedman, A Lee, EP Logan, BG Lund, SM Meier, W Sharp, WM Yu, SS AF Barnard, JJ Bangerter, RO Faltens, A Fessenden, TJ Friedman, A Lee, EP Logan, BG Lund, SM Meier, W Sharp, WM Yu, SS TI Induction accelerator architectures for heavy-ion fusion SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE heavy-ion fusion; induction linacs; inertial fusion; recirculators AB The approach to heavy-ion-driven inertial fusion studied most extensively in the US uses induction modulators and cores to accelerate and confine the beam longitudinally. The intrinsic peak-current capabilities of induction machines, together with their flexible pulse formats, provide a suitable match to the high peak-power requirement of a heavy-ion fusion target. However, as in the RF case, where combinations of linacs, synchrotrons, and storage rings offer a number of choices to be examined in designing an optimal system, the induction approach also allows a number of architectures, from which choices must be made. We review the main classes of architecture for induction drivers that have been studied to date. The main choice of accelerator structure is that between the linac and the recirculator, the latter being composed of several rings. Hybrid designs are also possible. Other design questions include which focusing system (electric quadrupole, magnetic quadrupole, or solenoid) to use, whether or not to merge beams, and what number of beams to use - all of which must be answered as a function of ion energy throughout the machine. Also, the optimal charge state and mass must be chosen. These different architectures and beam parameters lead to different emittances and imply different constraints on the final focus. The advantages and uncertainties of these various architectures will be discussed. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barnard, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 218 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00387-8 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200035 ER PT J AU Seidl, PA Celata, CM Chupp, WW Faltens, A Fawley, WM Ghiorso, W Hahn, K Henestroza, E MacLaren, S Peters, C Grote, DP Haber, I AF Seidl, PA Celata, CM Chupp, WW Faltens, A Fawley, WM Ghiorso, W Hahn, K Henestroza, E MacLaren, S Peters, C Grote, DP Haber, I TI Progress on the scaled beam-combining experiment at LBNL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE heavy-ion inertial fusion; ion beam dynamics AB Transverse beam combining is a cost-saving option employed in many designs for induction linac heavy-ion fusion drivers. The resultant transverse emittance increase, due partly to anharmonic space charge forces, must be kept minimal so that the beam remains focusable at the target. A prototype combining experiment has been built. Four sources each produce 4.5 mA Cs+ beams at 160 keV. Focusing upstream of the merge consists of four quadrupoles and a final combined-function element (quadrupole and dipole). Due to the small distance between beams near the merge (similar to 3-4 mm), the electrodes of the final element for each beam are a cage of small rods, each at a different voltage. Recent results are presented along with plans for modifications and future measurements. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seidl, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 47-112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00390-8 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200038 ER PT J AU Meier, WR Bangerter, RO Faltens, A AF Meier, WR Bangerter, RO Faltens, A TI An integrated systems model for heavy ion drivers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE heavy ion; inertial confinement; fusion; driver; accelerator; systems model; electrostatic; collective; linear accelerators AB A source-to-target computer model for an induction linac driver for heavy ion fusion has been developed and used to define a reference case driver that meets the requirements of one current target design. Key features of the model are discussed, and the design parameters of the reference case design are described. Examples of the system analyses leading to the point design are given, and directions for future work are noted. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-481, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00392-1 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200039 ER PT J AU Herrmannsfeldt, WB AF Herrmannsfeldt, WB TI Considerations for very-high-power accelerators SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV AB A Heavy Ion Fusion powerplant driver, if built today, would become the highest average-power accelerator ever built, probably by at least an order of magnitude. However, if some of the projects being planned now are constructed, there will be several plants of comparable or greater average power. We will look at ways in which large science projects are supported and at what steps must be taken for a project to obtain international support. We will also note how large science construction projects are being organized as costs and visibility increase. The physics aspects of large, high-power accelerators will be noted with the particular vantage of the advisory committee for the 170 MW proton linac being designed by the Los Alamos team for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT). Although a cw proton linac is very different from a driver with its pulsed beams of heavy ions, designers of both facilities need to be extraordinarily careful to protect against beam loss. Also, both facilities are required to have very high availability. Utilities have made reliability and availability extremely important requirements, while the APT requires high reliability to achieve its production goals. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Herrmannsfeldt, WB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00603-2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200040 ER PT J AU Kwan, JW AF Kwan, JW TI Ion sources for heavy ion fusion induction linacs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE ion sources; HIF; injector AB Depending on the type of beam transport selected at the front end of a heavy ion fusion driver, the optimum injector current (per beam) can vary from 0.5 to 25 A of cesium ions. The average current density should be greater than or equal to 10 mA/cm(2). So far, surface ionization sources have been used in most HIF driver designs. These sources can efficiently produce singly charged alkali ions such as Cs+ and K+. Nevertheless, the gas sources and the metal vapor vacuum are (MEVVA) sources are also potentially useful for HIF applications. Recent experimental results on ion source development are summarized. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kwan, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwkwan@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00394-5 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200042 ER PT J AU Chan, CF Lee, E Briggs, R AF Chan, CF Lee, E Briggs, R TI The solenoidal transport option for IFE drivers and a near-term research facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE inertial; fusion; energy; solenoid; transport; acceleration AB Solenoidal magnets have been used as the beam transport system in all high current electron induction accelerators that have been built in the past several decades. They have also been considered for the front end transport system for heavy ion accelerators for Inertial Fusion Energy drivers, but this option has received very little attention in recent years. The analysis reported here was stimulated mainly by the recent effort to define an affordable "Integrated Research Experiment" (IRE) that can meet the near-term needs of the IFE program. Solenoidal transport has a very favorable scaling as the particle mass and kinetic energy are decreased (the main reason why it is preferred for electrons in the region below 50 MeV). A central contention of this paper is that a "front end" design based on solenoidal transport can form the basis of a significantly different overall driver architecture. With a solenoidal front end, we can consider drivers with a much smaller number of beam channels at low energy, and without beam combining. A fast-running code (named SALT) has been developed at LBNL to study the axisymmetric dynamics of a particle beam transported through a sequence of solenoids. The beam is modelled as a set of ringlets, with radius and momentum traced in the axial coordinate. Emittance growth, envelope matching, and phase space evolution are treated. Initial applications to IRE scale parameters are described. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Pleasanton, CA USA. RP Chan, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 274 EP 280 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200043 ER PT J AU Sangster, TC Barnard, JJ Cianciolo, TV Craig, GD Friedman, A Grote, DP Halaxa, E Hanks, RL Kamin, G Kirbie, HC Logan, BG Lund, SM Mant, G Molvik, AW Sharp, WM Eylon, S Berners, D Fessenden, TJ Judd, DL Reginato, L Hopkins, HS Debeling, A Fritz, W Meredith, J AF Sangster, TC Barnard, JJ Cianciolo, TV Craig, GD Friedman, A Grote, DP Halaxa, E Hanks, RL Kamin, G Kirbie, HC Logan, BG Lund, SM Mant, G Molvik, AW Sharp, WM Eylon, S Berners, D Fessenden, TJ Judd, DL Reginato, L Hopkins, HS Debeling, A Fritz, W Meredith, J TI Status of experiments leading to a small recirculator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE accelerator; beams; diagnostics; recirculation; fusion; space charge AB A heavy ion linear induction accelerator is considered to be the leading driver candidate for an Inertial Fusion Energy reactor. To deliver a space-charge-dominated beam at the appropriate energy (several GeV), such an accelerator would be several kilometers in length. Since total length has a strong influence on accelerator cost, we are considering the potential advantages and practical implementation of a recirculating induction accelerator. To address the critical scientific and technical challenges of a recirculating space-charge-dominated heavy ion beam, we have begun to develop the elements of a scaled "small recirculator". An operating recirculator must demonstrate full beam control including multi-lap operation, beam insertion/extraction, acceleration and pulse compression. At present, experiments have been conducted using a 2 mA, 80 keV K+ beam transported through a 45 degrees bend; experiments on a 90 degrees bend with five induction modulators will begin soon. This paper briefly summarizes the recirculator specifications and operational features and reports the latest experimental data as well as the developmental status of beam diagnostics. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bechtel Nevada Corp, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Sangster, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-481, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI cianciolo, thomas vincent/0000-0002-9441-3222 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 310 EP 314 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00401-X PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200049 ER PT J AU Molvik, AW Faltens, A Reginato, L Blaszkiewicz, M Smith, C Wood, R AF Molvik, AW Faltens, A Reginato, L Blaszkiewicz, M Smith, C Wood, R TI Magnetic core studies at LBNL and LLNL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV ID HEAVY-ION FUSION AB The objective of this work is to minimize the cost of the materials and maximize the performance of magnetic cores, a major cost component of a Heavy-Ion-Fusion (HIF) induction accelerator driver. This includes selection of the alloy for cost and performance, and maximizing the performance of each alloy evaluated. The two major performance parameters are the magnetic flux swing and the energy loss. The volt seconds of the cores, obtained from the flux swing with Faraday's Law, determines the beam energy and duration. Core losses from forming domains and moving their boundaries are a major factor in determining the efficiency of an induction accelerator. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Chem Biodynam Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. Nonvolatile Elect Inc, Eden Prairie, MN 55433 USA. Natl Magnet Inc, Adelanto, CA 92301 USA. RP Molvik, AW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-645, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00402-1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200050 ER PT J AU Sharp, WM Grote, DP Hernandez, MA Kamin, GW AF Sharp, WM Grote, DP Hernandez, MA Kamin, GW TI Steering algorithms for a small recirculating heavy-ion accelerator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV AB Beam-steering algorithms are proposed for a small recirculating induction accelerator being built at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The principal problem is that the transverse velocity and displacement of the beam must be inferred from capacitive beam-position monitors, and this determination is complicated by the limited monitor resolution and by the lattice errors within steering modules. The fluid/envelope code CIRCE is used to evaluate these algorithms. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sharp, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-440, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00605-6 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200051 ER PT J AU Lund, SM Barnard, JJ Craig, GD Friedman, A Grote, DP Hopkins, HS Sangster, TC Sharp, WM Eylon, S Fessenden, TJ Henestroza, E Yu, S Haber, I AF Lund, SM Barnard, JJ Craig, GD Friedman, A Grote, DP Hopkins, HS Sangster, TC Sharp, WM Eylon, S Fessenden, TJ Henestroza, E Yu, S Haber, I TI Numerical simulation of intense-beam experiments at LLNL and LBNL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV AB We present intense-beam simulations with the WARP code that are being carried out in support of the Heavy-Ion Fusion experimental programs at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The WARP code is an electrostatic particle-in-cell code with an extensive hierarchy of simulation capabilities. Two experiments are analyzed. First, simulations are presented on an 80keV, 2mA K+ bent transport channel at LLNL that employs an alternating-gradient lattice of magnetic quadrupoles for beam focusing and electric dipoles for beam bending. Issues on dispersion-induced changes in beam quality on the transition from straight- to bent-lattice sections are explored. The second experiment analyzed is a 2MeV, 800mA, driver-scale injector and matching section at LBNL that is based on a K+ source and an alternating-gradient lattice of electrostatic quadrupoles biased to accelerate, focus, and match the beam. Issues on beam quality, space-charge waves, and beam bellowing are explored. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lund, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-440, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 345 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00606-8 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200055 ER PT J AU Davidson, RC Chen, C AF Davidson, RC Chen, C TI Kinetic description of intense nonneutral beam propagation through a periodic focusing field SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE ion beam; space charge; stability; transport ID CHARGED-PARTICLE BEAM AB This article makes use of the nonlinear Vlasov-Poisson equations to investigate intense nonneutral beam propagation through a periodic solenoidal focusing held B-sol(x) = B-z(s)(e) over cap(z)-(1/2)B-2'(s)(x (e) over cap(x) + y (e) over cap(y)), where B-z(s + S) = B-z(s), and S the axial length periodicity is a constant. The analysis is carried out for a thin beam with characteristic beam radius r(b) << S, and the transverse momentum components and axial momentum spread of the beam particles are assumed to be small in comparison with the directed axial momentum gamma(b)m beta(b)c. The general formalism is applied to a periodically focused Vlasov equilibrium with step-function radial density profile and average azimuthal motion of the beam corresponding to a rigid rotation (in the Larmor frame) about the axis of symmetry. A variety of beam equilibrium properties are presented, such as the average flow velocity, and the transverse temperature profile. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Davidson, RC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 370 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00408-2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200058 ER PT J AU Hoppe, P Bauer, W Baumann, K Bluhm, H Buth, L Carboni, V Desjarlais, M Fockler, J Kessler, G Leber, K Marek, J Massier, H Nielsen, K Petri, T Ratajczak, W Rusch, D Singer, J Smith, I Spence, P Stoltz, O AF Hoppe, P Bauer, W Baumann, K Bluhm, H Buth, L Carboni, V Desjarlais, M Fockler, J Kessler, G Leber, K Marek, J Massier, H Nielsen, K Petri, T Ratajczak, W Rusch, D Singer, J Smith, I Spence, P Stoltz, O TI Derivation of scaling laws for intense light ion beam divergence with the KALIF-HELIA accelerator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE ICF; ion beams; divergence; scaling laws; accelerations; HELIA AB A short description of a new accelerator called KALIF-HELIA is given, that is presently under construction at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. This High Energy Linear Induction Accelerator couples a self-magnetically insulated transmission line with the induction linac technology: the 1 MV pulses from 6 induction cells are added in a "magnetically insulated voltage adder" (MIVA) delivering for 50 ns a pulse of 6 MV and 400 kA to a matched load. This technology is considered in all light ion beam driven reactor concepts as a low cost alternative for the production of energy by inertial fusion (IFE). The pulses delivered by these generators are coupled to diodes that generate the intense light ion beams. Focusing of these beams is presently insufficient and requires scaling to IFE conditions. However, the available scaling laws for beam divergence are not in agreement with the few results from experiments performed at high power levels. Therefore, a verification and improvement of these scaling laws is necessary in order to extrapolate more reliably to beams needed for IFE conditions. For the start-up phase - foreseen for end 1997 - KALIF-HELIA will be operated first in negative polarity generating an electron beam. The subsequent operation of the accelerator in positive polarity will allow the verification of the voltage dependence in the divergence scaling laws for proton beams and acceleration voltages up to 6 MV. In a second step, the predicted influence of the ion mass on the beam divergence will be investigated by accelerating Li+ ions instead of protons. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Pulse Sci Inc, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Phys Int Co, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Hoppe, P (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00409-4 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200059 ER PT J AU Anderson, OA Logan, BG AF Anderson, OA Logan, BG TI Modeling of direct beam extraction for a high-charge-state fusion driver SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE beam extraction; high charge state; ion source; laser ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION AB A newly proposed type of multicharged ion source offers the possibility of an economically advantageous high-charge-state fusion driver. Multiphoton absorption in an intense uniform laser focus can give multiple charge states of high purity, simplifying or eliminating the need for charge-state separation downstream. Very large currents (hundreds of amperes) can be extracted from this type of source. Several arrangements are possible. For example, the laser plasma could be tailored for storage in a magnetic bucket, with beam extracted from the bucket. A different approach, described in this report, is direct beam extraction from the expanding laser plasma. We discuss extraction and focusing for the particular case of a 4.1 MV beam of Xe16+ ions. The maximum duration of the beam pulse is limited by the total charge in the plasma, while the practical pulse length is determined by the range of plasma radii over which good beam optics can be achieved. The extraction electrode contains a solenoid for beam focusing. Our design studies were carried out first with an envelope code and then with a self-consistent particle code. Results from our initial model showed that hundreds of amperes could be extracted, but that most of this current missed the solenoid entrance or was intercepted by the wall and that only a few amperes were able to pass through. We conclude with an improved design which increases the surviving beam to more than 70 A. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Anderson, OA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 47-112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00410-0 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200061 ER PT J AU Haber, I Callahan, DA Friedman, A Grote, DP Lund, SM Wang, TF AF Haber, I Callahan, DA Friedman, A Grote, DP Lund, SM Wang, TF TI Characteristics of an electrostatic instability driven by transverse-longitudinal temperature anisotropy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE beam instability; particle-in-cell; beam transport; space charge; simulation AB Simulations have previously been reported which exhibit an electrostatic instability that couples thermal energy towards isotropy in a beam with transverse temperature sufficiently greater than the longitudinal temperature. The nature of this instability is observed to be insensitive to details of the initial beam distribution as well as the focusing geometry. Simulations of a uniformly-focused axisymmetric beam with an initial K-V distribution are compared to predictions of an analytic formalism which describes the instability in terms of an infinite series of transverse Gluckstern modes which become coupled to satisfy the full system of longitudinal/transverse equations. A finite truncation of the series is then used to numerically evaluate the instability characteristics. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haber, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 4790,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00519-1 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200064 ER PT J AU Grote, DP Friedman, A Haber, I Fawley, W Vay, JL AF Grote, DP Friedman, A Haber, I Fawley, W Vay, JL TI New developments in WARP: Progress toward end-to-end simulation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE IFE driver; particle-in-cell; simulation ID PARTICLE AB The development of a high current, heavy-ion beam driver for inertial confinement fusion requires a detailed understanding of the behavior of the beam, including effects of the strong self-fields. The necessity of including the self-fields of the beam makes particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation techniques ideal, and for this reason, the multi-dimensional PIC/accelerator code WARP has been developed. WARP [1] has been used extensively to study the creation and propagation of ion beams both in experiments and for the understanding of basic beam physics. An overview of the structure of the code will be presented along with a discussion of features that make the code an effective tool in the understanding of space-charge dominated beam behavior. Much development has been done on WARP increasing its flexibility and generality. Major additions include a generalized field description, an efficient steady-state modeling technique, a transverse slice model with a bending algorithm, further improvement of the parallel processing version, and capabilities for Linking to chamber transport codes. With these additions, the capability of modeling a large scale accelerator from end-to-end comes closer to reality. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Grote, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 428 EP 432 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00608-1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200068 ER PT J AU Stoltz, PH Lee, WW Davidson, RC AF Stoltz, PH Lee, WW Davidson, RC TI Nonlinear delta F simulation studies of intense non-neutral beam propagation in a solenoidal focusing field SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE ion beam; numerical simulation; space charge; transport ID ION AB This paper makes use of the nonlinear delta F formalism and the Vlasov-Poisson equations to describe the propagation of an intense, nonneutral ion beam through a periodic solenoidal focusing held in the thin-beam approximation. The nonlinear GF-formalism is developed for numerical simulation applications by dividing the total distribution function F-b into a zero-order part (F-b(0)) plus a perturbation (delta F-b) which evolves nonlinearly in the zero-order and perturbed field configurations. To illustrate the application of the technique, nonlinear delta F simulation results are presented for a thermal equilibrium background distribution F-b(0)(H-perpendicular to) for the case of beam propagation through a uniform focusing field. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Davidson, RC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,James Forestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00415-X PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200069 ER PT J AU Vay, JL Deutsch, C AF Vay, JL Deutsch, C TI Charge compensated ion beam propagation in a reactor sized chamber SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV ID FUSION AB Final ion propagation in the space charge compensated scheme (ITEP) is contrasted to Hylife II scenario. A fully electromagnetic particle in cell-Monte Carlo code (PIC-MCC) is considered for the ballistic transport of intense ion beams in a reaction chamber field with Flibe gas surrounding a pellet with a thermonuclear fuel in it. For the latter, we identify a partial beam neutralization only through electron background. The former displays an acceptable focusing on the pellet. The background electron temperature has a significant influence on beam minimum radius. Transverse emittance is given specific attention. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 11, LPGP, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Vay, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg 47-112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 439 EP 443 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00520-8 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200070 ER PT J AU Oeftiger, U Hofmann, I Muller, RW Pirkl, W Schonauer, H Faltens, A AF Oeftiger, U Hofmann, I Muller, RW Pirkl, W Schonauer, H Faltens, A TI Longitudinal particle dynamics in the HIDIF driver accelerator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV AB The problem of storage and compression of intense bunches of heavy ions in the HIDIF driver accelerator is studied by means of a computer simulation with the particle-in-cell code PATRIC. It is shown that the requirements from final focusing (6 ns pulse length and Delta p/p = 1%) can be reconciled with the linac output longitudinal emittance by careful optimization of the transfer into the barrier buckets. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. CERN, Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hofmann, I (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00416-1 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200071 ER PT J AU Friedman, A Barnard, JJ Grote, DP Haber, I AF Friedman, A Barnard, JJ Grote, DP Haber, I TI Simulation studies of transverse resonance effects in space-charge-dominated beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE resonance; mismatch; recirculator; storage ring; simulation; particle-in-cell AB Particle-in-cell simulations exploring the effects of transverse envelope resonances on the emittance of space-charge-dominated beams have been carried out using a new 2-D transverse "slice" model in the WARP particle-in-cell code. In this paper, we consider resonances between an applied quadrupole field error and harmonics of the asymmetric mismatch mode of beam envelope oscillation. We examine both acceleration and bunching, and show that rapid passage through a major resonance significantly reduces the attendant emittance growth. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friedman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-645, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00419-7 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200073 ER PT J AU Logan, BG Callahan, DA AF Logan, BG Callahan, DA TI Beam charge and current neutralization of high-charge-state heavy ions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV AB High-charge state heavy ions may reduce the accelerator voltage and cost of heavy-ion inertial fusion drivers, if ways can be found to neutralize the space charge of the highly charged beam ions as they are focused to a target in a fusion chamber. Using 2-D particle-in-cell simulations, we have evaluated the effectiveness of two different methods of beam neutralization: (1) by redistribution of beam charge in a larger diameter, pre-formed plasma in the chamber, and (2), by introducing a cold-electron-emitting source within the beam channel at the beam entrance into the chamber. We find the latter method to be much more effective for high-charge-state ions. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Logan, BG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-481, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 468 EP 472 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00421-5 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200076 ER PT J AU Boine-Frankenheim, O Pointon, TD Melhorn, TA AF Boine-Frankenheim, O Pointon, TD Melhorn, TA TI Simulations of the plasma dynamics in high-current ion diodes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion / Workshop in Atomic Physics for Ion Beam Fusion CY SEP 22-27, 1997 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP GSI, Karlsruhe Res Ctr FZK, Fusion Programme European Commiss, Heraeus Fdn HO HEIDELBERG UNIV DE ion sources; plasma simulation ID IMPLICIT AB Our time-implicit fluid/Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code DYNAID [1] is applied to problems relevant for applied-B ion diode operation. We present simulations of the laser ion source, which will soon be employed on the SABRE accelerator at SNL, and of the dynamics of the anode source plasma in the applied electric and magnetic fields. DYNAID is still a test-bed for a higher-dimensional simulation code. Nevertheless, the code can already give new theoretical insight into the dynamics of plasmas in pulsed power devices. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boine-Frankenheim, O (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. OI Boine-Frankenheim, Oliver/0000-0002-3225-078X NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00422-7 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 131BQ UT WOS:000076556200077 ER PT J AU Adam, J Van Orden, JW Gross, F AF Adam, J Van Orden, JW Gross, F TI Electromagnetic interactions for the two-body spectator equations SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID DEUTERON; ENERGY AB This paper presents a new non-associative algebra which is used to (i) show how the spectator (or Gross) two-body equations and electromagnetic currents can be formally derived from the Bethe-Salpeter equation and currents if both are treated to all orders, (ii) obtain explicit expressions for the Gross two-body electromagnetic currents valid to any order, and (iii) prove that the currents so derived are exactly gauge invariant when truncated consistently to any finite order. In addition to presenting these new results, this work complements and extends previous treatments based largely on the analysis of sums of Feynman diagrams. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RP Adam, J (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Adam, Jiri/G-9785-2014 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 640 IS 3-4 BP 391 EP 434 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00430-8 PG 44 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 131BR UT WOS:000076556300006 ER PT J AU Isaac, MCP Chan, YD Clark, R Deleplanque, MA Dragowsky, MR Fallon, P Goldman, ID Larimer, RM Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO MacLeod, RW Nishiizumi, K Norman, EB Schroeder, LS Stephens, FS AF Isaac, MCP Chan, YD Clark, R Deleplanque, MA Dragowsky, MR Fallon, P Goldman, ID Larimer, RM Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO MacLeod, RW Nishiizumi, K Norman, EB Schroeder, LS Stephens, FS TI Search for strange matter by heavy ion activation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK MATTER; PHASES AB We present the results of an experimental search for stable strange matter using the heavy ion technique, based on properties of strangelets. We studied samples of a meteorite, terrestrial nickel ore, and lunar soil. Our search improved by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude the existing experimental limit on the strange matter content in normal matter and enabled probing the flux of low mass strangelets on the lunar surface for the first time.p [S0031-9007(98)07179-8]. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Isaac, MCP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 12 BP 2416 EP 2419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2416 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 122LM UT WOS:000076073100005 ER PT J AU Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amadon, A Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Bud, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gold, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hao, W Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Murgia, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Reischl, M Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amadon, A Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Bud, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gold, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hao, W Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Murgia, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Reischl, M Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S TI Observation of the B-c meson in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC PRODUCTION; QUARK-MODEL; DECAYS; PARTICLES; DETECTOR; SEARCH AB We have observed bottom-charm mesons via the decay mode B-c(+/-) --> J/psi l(+/-)v in 1.8 TeV p (p) over bar collisions using the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. A fit of background and signal contributions to the J/psi l mass distribution yielded 20.4(-5.5)(+6.2) events from B-c mesons. A fit to the same distribution with background alone was rejected at the level of 4.8 standard deviations. We measured the B-c(+) mass to be 6.40 +/- 0.39(stat) +/- 0.13(syst) GeV/c(2) and the B-c(+) lifetime to be 0.46(-0.16)(+0.18)(stat) +/- 0.03(syst) ps. Our measured yield (production cross section times branching ratio) for B-c(+) --> J/psi l(+)v relative to that for B+ --> J/psi K+ is 0.132(-0.037)(+0.041)(stat) +/- 0.031 (syst)(-0.020)(+0.032)(lifetime). C1 Kek Nat Lab High Energy Phys, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11530, Taiwan. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Ibaraki 315, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abe, F (reprint author), Kek Nat Lab High Energy Phys, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 25 TC 212 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 12 BP 2432 EP 2437 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2432 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 122LM UT WOS:000076073100009 ER PT J AU Ernst, DR Coppi, B Scott, SD Porkolab, M AF Ernst, DR Coppi, B Scott, SD Porkolab, M CA TFTR Grp TI Unifying role of radial electric field shear in the confinement trends of TFTR supershot plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK ENERGY CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; TURBULENCE; DEUTERIUM; MODE; HEAT AB A model is presented to explain the favorable ion thermal confinement trends of supershot plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). Turbulence suppression by radial electric field shear is important to reproduce the measured temperatures. Supershot confinement scalings are reproduced in more than sixty discharges, including favorable core power scaling and variation with isotopic mass, density peakedness, edge recycling, and toroidal rotation. The results connect the transitionless supershot regime with improved confinement regimes which are attained through sharp confinement transitions in the core or edge. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ernst, DR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010 OI Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 12 BP 2454 EP 2457 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2454 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 122LM UT WOS:000076073100014 ER PT J AU Schenkel, T Hamza, AV Barnes, AV Schneider, DH Banks, JC Doyle, BL AF Schenkel, T Hamza, AV Barnes, AV Schneider, DH Banks, JC Doyle, BL TI Ablation of GaAs by intense, ultrafast electronic excitation from highly charged ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AR IONS; EMISSION; SURFACES; METALS; SOLIDS; ENERGY; BOMBARDMENT; DESORPTION; SILICON; IMPACT AB We have measured total ablation rates and secondary ion yields from undoped GaAs(100) interacting with slow (v = 6.6 x 10(5) m/s), very highly charged ions. Ablation rates increase strongly as a function of projectile charge. Some 1400 target atoms are removed when a single Th70+ ion deposits a potential energy of 152.6 keV within a few femtoseconds into a nanometer-sized target volume. We discuss models for ablation of semiconductors by intense, ultrafast electronic excitation. [S0031-9007(98)07165-8]. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 12 BP 2590 EP 2593 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2590 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 122LM UT WOS:000076073100048 ER PT J AU Cheng, CZ Choe, GS AF Cheng, CZ Choe, GS TI Current sheets and prominence formation in the solar atmosphere SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE numerical; MHD; Sun : prominences; Sun : magnetic fields ID ELECTRIC-CURRENT SHEETS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EQUILIBRIUM; EVOLUTION; ARCADES; RECONNECTION; STABILITY; SHEARING; CORONA AB If magnetic field lines in opposite directions expand toward each other to squeeze out the held between them, they come into contact to form an abrupt held reversal (tangential discontinuity) which supports a current sheet. Field line expansion can be caused by the combined pressure gradient and gravity force, the magnetic field pressure gradient force, magnetic fields merging toward each other, or a combination of these effects. In this paper we show that in a quadrupolar magnetic field geometry magnetohydrostatic (MHS) equilibria without null point can be deformed into equilibrium held configurations containing current sheets by changes in forces associated with thermodynamic properties or field line footpoint displacement. The shape of current sheets depends on the pressure distributions and footpoint displacement profiles. These MHS equilibria containing current sheets can evolve into different prominence magnetic field configurations via resistive magnetic reconnection processes to support a higher plasma density at the reconnection site than its surrounding. Examples are given to demonstrate these physical processes. If the plasma pressure (or density) on the photospheric boundary is higher in the lower flux tubes than in the higher tubes in each bipolar arcade, the combined pressure gradient and gravity force pushes magnetic field lines outward from the center of each bipolar arcade. When the plasma temperature increases above a critical value, the enhanced expansion of these arcade fields results in the formation of a current sheet between these two arcades along a separatrix line. Similarly, if the field line footpoints undergo a spatially continuous shearing motion so that the outward gradient force of the sheared magnetic field pressure pushes the held lines of each bipolar arcade into contact, a current sheet of the same shape is formed when the amount of shear is above a critical value. This field configuration can be deformed into a configuration with an X-point through resistive magnetic reconnection. It is expected that an inverse polarity prominence can stably reside above the X-point. If the plasma pressure (or density) on the photospheric boundary is lower in the lower flux tubes than in the higher tubes in each bipolar arcade, the combined pressure gradient and gravity force which pushes down magnetic field lines is reduced when the atmosphere is cooled. When the temperature is decreased below a critical value, the subsequent expansion of held lines due to the magnetic tension force creates a new current sheet configuration with a sharp downward-pointing tip hanging at a distance above the bottom boundary. Resistive magnetic reconnection in this type of current sheet results in a Malville-type field configuration with a magnetic island wrapped in dipped held lines. It is expected that an inverse polarity prominence can stably reside within the magnetic island. Our results suggest that the formation of MHS equilibria containing current sheets and their evolution into prominence magnetic field configurations must be a general process in the solar atmosphere. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Cheng, CZ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Choe, Gwangson/E-2366-2013; Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 505 IS 1 BP 376 EP 389 DI 10.1086/306143 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152LA UT WOS:000077777900034 ER PT J AU Larson, A Le Padellec, A Semaniak, J Stromholm, C Larsson, M Rosen, S Peverall, R Danared, H Djuric, N Dunn, GH Datz, S AF Larson, A Le Padellec, A Semaniak, J Stromholm, C Larsson, M Rosen, S Peverall, R Danared, H Djuric, N Dunn, GH Datz, S TI Branching fractions in dissociative recombination of CH2+ SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : molecules; methods : laboratory; molecular processes ID DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULAR-IONS; EXCITATION; ELECTRONS; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; RATIOS; H3O+; H2D+ AB The absolute cross section and branching ratios for dissociative recombination of CH2+ with electrons have been measured by means of the heavy-ion storage ring CRYRING. Contrary to what has been previously believed, recombination of CH2+ is dominated by the three-body channel C + H + H (63%), whereas breakup into the CH + H and C + H-2 channels occurs with branching ratios of 25% and 12%, respectively. The thermal rate coefficient for dissociative recombination at 300 K is 6.4 x 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1), which is higher by a factor of 2.5 than the value used in modeling dark molecular clouds. The low CH production and the high production of energetic carbon atoms could be favorable factors for the turbulence model to explain the large abundance of interstellar CH+. The cross section for dissociative excitation was also measured and found to be in good agreement with results from a crossed electron-ion beam experiment. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys 1, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Stockholm, Dept Phys, S-11385 Stockholm, Sweden. Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Inst Phys, PL-25430 Kielce, Poland. FOM, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Manne Siegbahn Lab, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys 1, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM aasa@atom.kth.se; arnaud@physto.se; jacek@atom.kth.se; stroemholm@atom.kth.se; mats.larsson@physto.se; rosen@physto.se; R.Peverall@amolf.nl; danared@msi.se OI Peverall, Robert/0000-0003-2326-2495 NR 39 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 505 IS 1 BP 459 EP 465 DI 10.1086/306164 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152LA UT WOS:000077777900040 ER PT J AU Brotherton, MS van Breugel, W Smith, RJ Boyle, BJ Shanks, T Croom, SM Miller, L Becker, RH AF Brotherton, MS van Breugel, W Smith, RJ Boyle, BJ Shanks, T Croom, SM Miller, L Becker, RH TI Discovery of radio-loud broad absorption line quasars using ultraviolet excess and deep radio selection SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines; quasars : emission lines; quasars : general ID BRIGHT QSO SURVEY; EMISSION-LINE; EQUATORIAL FIELDS; STELLAR OBJECTS; SPECTRA; QUIET AB We report the discovery of five broad absorption Line (BAL) QSOs in a complete sample of 111 ultraviolet excess (UVX) QSO candidates also detected in the NRAO VLA Sky Survey. All five BAL QSOs, which include two high-ionization BAL QSOs and three low-ionization BAL QSOs, are formally radio loud. Of QSOs with, z > 0.4, 3% +/- 2% show low-ionization BALs, and of QSOs with z > 1.5, all radio loud, 9% +/- 5% show BALs; these frequencies are consistent with those of optical surveys. While the first reported radio-loud BAL QSO, FIRST J155633.8+351758, is likely to be heavily dust reddened and thus less radio loud than indicated by its observed radio-to-optical luminosity, these QSOs are UVX-selected and probably free of significant dust along the Line of sight. We point out unusual features in two of the BAL QSOs and discuss the significance finding these heretofore rate objects. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Brotherton, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 7000 East Ave,POB 808,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 34 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 505 IS 1 BP L7 EP L10 DI 10.1086/311599 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152LC UT WOS:000077778200002 ER PT J AU Weber, CF AF Weber, CF TI Convergence of the equilibrium code SOLGASMIX SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE convergence; chemical equilibrium ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRIA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS AB The procedure used to calculate chemical equilibrium in the code SOLGASMIX has been evaluated mathematically and applied to several examples in aqueous electrolyte chemistry. Matrix representation of the solution procedure allows convenient expression as a standard fixed-point iteration. Evaluation of sample problems illustrates the importance of certain free energy differences in theoretical convergence results. An interpolation scheme based on the oscillation of Gibbs energies yields legitimate equilibrium results in situations where the code would otherwise fail to converge properly. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Weber, CF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 145 IS 2 BP 655 EP 670 DI 10.1006/jcph.1998.6046 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 120KA UT WOS:000075954500009 ER PT J AU Johnston, H Kinnison, D AF Johnston, H Kinnison, D TI Methane photooxidation in the atmosphere: Contrast between two methods of analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; STRATOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; BUDGETS AB It is our opinion that over the past 20 years, some atmospheric scientists have used a scientifically incorrect method for finding the contribution of methane to changes in ozone. In any volume element of the atmosphere, the differential equation for ozone D is equal to gross production P minus gross loss L plus transport, which may be written D = P(methane) - L(methane) + P(not methane) - L(not methane) + transport. If both P(not methane) and L (not methane) are effectively zero, then the full differential equation is equal to the differential equation for the effect of methane, D(total) = P(methane) - L (methane) + transport. An approach was introduced around 1980 that has been widely used since then, with the valid assumption that in the lower troposphere the methane smog reactions are the only source of gross ozone production, P(methane). It concluded that the differential rate equation for total ozone change in such regions gives the net ozone change by the methane process (DE method). However, in the lowest troposphere, there are processes not caused by methane that destroy ozone at all altitudes (notably (OD)-D-1 + H2O 2OH), so that L (not methane) is not zero, and thus D = P(methane) - L(methane) - L(not methane) + transport, making the DE method conceptually wrong everywhere. The object of this paper is to solve for how methane changes ozone in the troposphere and stratosphere. Crutzen [1973] gave the first treatment of ozone formation in the global troposphere via methane photooxidation. He considered radical attack on methane to produce CH, followed by three reaction sequences that go from CH, to CO,, referred to here as the sequence (SEQ) method. The present study substantially extends Crutzen's sequence method: There are five significant branching points as methane is consumed and 34 sequences (different reaction paths) between CH4 and CO, and more reactions lead to CO,. A detailed derivation is given here, branching ratios are evaluated, and the results are presented as two complicated, closed, algebraic equations, which are valid from the surface up to the middle stratosphere. The SEQ method contains only ozone changes caused by the presence of methane. This method is implemented with output from the 1997 version of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory two-dimensional model. Assuming we carried out the SEQ method correctly, we find the DE method to be a fairly good numerical approximation in some areas and a poor numerical approximation in other areas. Averaged over the troposphere, the net effect of the methane smog process is to destroy OH at a rate 32% as fast as it is formed by the nonmethane process, (OD)-D-1 + H2O = 2OH. The integral over the global troposphere finds that the net rate of ozone production from methane by the DE is 2.2-fold slower than the SEQ method. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Johnston, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, B37 Hildebrand, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Johnston@cchem.berkeley.edu; kinnison1@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 21967 EP 21984 DI 10.1029/98JD01213 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400005 ER PT J AU Penner, JE Bergmann, DJ Walton, JJ Kinnison, D Prather, MJ Rotman, D Price, C Pickering, KE Baughcum, SL AF Penner, JE Bergmann, DJ Walton, JJ Kinnison, D Prather, MJ Rotman, D Price, C Pickering, KE Baughcum, SL TI An evaluation of upper troposphere NOx with two models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SULFATE AEROSOLS; TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; CLIMATE; OZONE; SCALE AB Upper tropospheric NOx controls, in part, the distribution of ozone in this greenhouse-sensitive region of the atmosphere. Many factors control NOx in this region. As a result it is difficult to assess uncertainties in anthropogenic perturbations to NO from aircraft, for example, without understanding the role of the ether major NOx sources in the upper troposphere. These include in situ sources (lightning, aircraft), convection from the surface (biomass burning, fossil fuels, soils), stratospheric intrusions, and photochemical recycling from HNO3. This work examines the separate contribution to upper tropospheric "primary" NOx from each source category and uses two different chemical transport models (CTMs) to represent a range of possible atmospheric transport. Because aircraft emissions are tied to particular pressure altitudes, it is important to understand whether those emissions are placed in the model stratosphere or troposphere and to assess whether the models can adequately differentiate stratospheric air from tropospheric air. We examine these issues by defining a point-by-point "tracer tropopause" in order to differentiate stratosphere from troposphere in terms of NOx perturbations. Both models predict similar zonal average peak enhancements of primary NOx due to aircraft (approximate to 10-20 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) in both January and July); however, the placement of this peak is primarily in a region of large stratospheric influence in one model and centered near the level evaluated as the tracer tropopause in the second. Below the tracer tropopause, both models show negligible NOx derived directly from the stratospheric source. Also, they predict a typically low background of 120 pptv NOx when tropospheric HNO3 is constrained to be 100 pptv of HNO3. The two models calculate large differences in the total background NOx (defined as the source of NOx from lightning + stratosphere + surface + HNO3) when using identical loss frequencies for NOx. This difference is primarily due to differing treatments of vertical transport. An improved diagnosis of this transport that is relevant to NOx requires either measurements of a surface-based tracer with a substantially shorter lifetime than Rn-222 or diagnosis and mapping of tracer correlations with different source signatures. Because of differences in transport by the two models we cannot constrain the source of NOx from lightning through comparison of average model concentrations with observations of NOx. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92727 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Penner, JE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM penner@umich.edu RI Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012 OI Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22097 EP 22113 DI 10.1029/98JD01565 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400014 ER PT J AU Hubler, G Alvarez, R Daum, P Dennis, R Gillani, N Kleinman, L Luke, W Meagher, J Rider, D Trainer, M Valente, R AF Hubler, G Alvarez, R Daum, P Dennis, R Gillani, N Kleinman, L Luke, W Meagher, J Rider, D Trainer, M Valente, R TI An overview of the airborne activities during the Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) 1995 Nashville Middle Tennessee Ozone Study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB The cause and extent of elevated ozone levels which are often found during summer in the southeastern United States were the focus of the intensive Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) 1995 Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study. Six aircraft were extensively instrumented and were deployed in concert during the summer of 1995 from the Nashville Metropolitan Airport. This overview describes the capabilities of the deployed assets, and how their use was managed. Results from the measurements on individual aircraft and their interpretation are contained in the individual papers that follow. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, REAL7, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hubler, G (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, REAL7, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM ghubler@al.noaa.gov RI Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 2 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22245 EP 22259 DI 10.1029/98JD01638 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400024 ER PT J AU Williams, EJ Baumann, K Roberts, JM Bertman, SB Norton, RB Fehsenfeld, FC Springston, SR Nunnermacker, LJ Newman, L Olszyna, K Meagher, J Hartsell, B Edgerton, E Pearson, JR Rodgers, MO AF Williams, EJ Baumann, K Roberts, JM Bertman, SB Norton, RB Fehsenfeld, FC Springston, SR Nunnermacker, LJ Newman, L Olszyna, K Meagher, J Hartsell, B Edgerton, E Pearson, JR Rodgers, MO TI Intercomparison of ground-based NOy measurement techniques SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC REDUCTION TECHNIQUE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ODD-NITROGEN NOY; ORGANIC NITRATES; OZONE PRODUCTION; TROPOSPHERE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; COLORADO; BUDGET; SITE C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Environm Res Labs, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Durham, NC 27707 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Air Qual Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Environm Sci & Engn, Durham, NC USA. RP Williams, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, Environm Res Labs, 325 Broadway,R-E-AL7, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM eric@al.noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; NR 25 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22261 EP 22280 DI 10.1029/98JD00074 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400025 ER PT J AU Weinstein-Lloyd, JB Lee, JH Daum, PH Kleinman, LI Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR AF Weinstein-Lloyd, JB Lee, JH Daum, PH Kleinman, LI Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR TI Measurements of peroxides and related species during the 1995 summer intensive of the Southern Oxidants Study in Nashville, Tennessee SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS-HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; GAS-PHASE PEROXIDES; NONENZYMATIC METHOD; ORGANIC PEROXIDES; OZONE PRODUCTION; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; AIR; HYDROPEROXIDES; TROPOSPHERE AB Hydroperoxide measurements are presented for 12 flights of the U.S. Department of Energy G-1 aircraft during the summer 1995 intensive of the Southern Oxidants/Middle Tennessee study. A three-channel analyzer, utilizing both peroxidase/p-hydroxy phenylacetic acid (pOHPAA) and ferrous sulfate/benzoic acid (FeBA) reagents permitted continuous measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH or MHP), and hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HOCH2OOH or HMHP). The median concentration of total hydroperoxide was 5.2 ppbv, with median concentrations of 2.4, 1.7, and 0.97 ppbv for H2O2, MHP, and HMHP respectively. In the free troposphere, H2O2 concentration correlated with the concentration of its precursors, ozone, and water vapor. H2O2 profiles do not show elevated concentrations in the boundary layer, in contrast to vertical profiles of primary pollutants. The combination of high NOX concentrations that inhibited peroxide formation, and peroxide loss through deposition and reaction with OH, led to markedly lower peroxide concentrations within urban and power plant plumes. Photochemical calculations performed to estimate the magnitude of in-plume peroxide depression showed reasonable agreement with observations. C1 SUNY Coll Old Westbury, Dept Chem Phys, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Weinstein-Lloyd, JB (reprint author), SUNY Coll Old Westbury, Dept Chem Phys, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. EM jlloyd@bnl.gov NR 44 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22361 EP 22373 DI 10.1029/98JD01636 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400030 ER PT J AU Lee, YN Zhou, X Kleinman, LI Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR Daum, PH Newman, L Keigley, WG Holdren, MW Spicer, CW Young, V Fu, B Parrish, DD Holloway, J Williams, J Roberts, JM Ryerson, TB Fehsenfeld, FC AF Lee, YN Zhou, X Kleinman, LI Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR Daum, PH Newman, L Keigley, WG Holdren, MW Spicer, CW Young, V Fu, B Parrish, DD Holloway, J Williams, J Roberts, JM Ryerson, TB Fehsenfeld, FC TI Atmospheric chemistry and distribution of formaldehyde and several multioxygenated carbonyl compounds during the 1995 Nashville Middle Tennessee Ozone Study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; ISOPRENE; PHOTOOXIDATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; EMISSIONS; PAN AB Airborne measurements of formaldehyde (FA), glycolaldehyde (GA), glyoxal (GL), methylglyoxal (MG), and pyruvic acid (PD) were made on board instrumented aircraft platforms, the Department of Energy G1 and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration P3 (FA only), during the 1995 Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study. FA data determined on these two aircraft during three intercomparison flights agreed to within similar to 10%. The mean and median (in parentheses) concentrations observed within the boundary layer (< 2000 m) for FA, GA, GL, MG, and PD were 4.2 (3.9), 0.78 (0.70), 0.07 (0.06), 0.14 (0.10), and 0.24 (0.23), respectively (all in parts per billion by volume (ppbv)). At the observed concentrations, FA accounted for a substantial fraction of the OH reactivity, comparable to isoprene and CO. Further, it served as an important free radical precursor, contributing 25-30% of the radical production during midday and even greater during morning and late afternoon periods. Source attribution of FA was assessed using measured concentrations of hydrocarbons, their reaction kinetics with the OH radicals, and FA yields. The results showed that isoprene was the dominant source of FA, responsible for similar to 67%, methane and peroxyacetyl nitrate contributed equally at similar to 13% each, and alkanes and alkenes which are largely of anthropogenic origin accounted for only similar to 7%. This assessment based on reaction kinetics is consistent with the strong correlations (r > 0.8) observed between FA and two other isoprene products, GA and MG. Further, the magnitudes of the nonzero FA intercept exhibited in these correlation plots are found to qualitatively agree with the fraction of precursors that did not concomitantly produce GA and MG. Inspection of specific flights showed direct evidence of the dominance of isoprene as a precursor for FA, appreciable contribution of FA to CO, and negligible decay of FA overnight. Because of the dominant role isoprene plays as a precursor of FA, FA could be used as a proxy of isoprene for assessing the applicability of various versions of biogenic emission inventory. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atmospher Sci & Appl Technol, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. York Univ, Dept Chem, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Lee, YN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ynlee@bnl.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; NR 28 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22449 EP 22462 DI 10.1029/98JD01251 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400037 ER PT J AU Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Imre, DG Cardelino, C Olszyna, KJ Zika, RG AF Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Imre, DG Cardelino, C Olszyna, KJ Zika, RG TI Trace gas concentrations and emissions in downtown Nashville during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study Nashville intensive SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-OXIDES; ATLANTA; BASIN AB Continuous measurements of O-3, CO, NOy, and SO2 and twice a day samples of hydrocarbons were made over a 40 day period in June and July 1995 at the downtown Nashville Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) site located on the rooftop of the polk office building, 106 m above ground level, in the urban center. This site experiences elevated concentrations of VOCs, CO, and NOy, due to local emissions from the Nashville urban area. High O-3 concentrations were also observed and are discussed with reference to violations of the existing air quality standard and the much harder task of meeting the proposed 8 hour average standard. A comparison between the VOC measurements made from the Department of Energy G-1 aircraft with those measured downtown indicates a preferential loss of reactive ingredients in the samples taken outside of the city. The concentration ratios, VOC/CO (ppbC/ppb), VOC/NOx (ppbC/ppb), and CO/NOx (ppb/ppb) were calculated to be 0.32, 2.9, and 9.3, respectively, from morning samples. These ratios agree to within 35% with estimates from Nashville emissions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kleinman, LI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kleinman@bnl.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22545 EP 22553 DI 10.1029/98JD00622 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400043 ER PT J AU Valente, RJ Imhoff, RE Tanner, RL Meagher, JF Daum, PH Hardesty, RM Banta, RM Alvarez, RJ McNider, RT Gillani, NV AF Valente, RJ Imhoff, RE Tanner, RL Meagher, JF Daum, PH Hardesty, RM Banta, RM Alvarez, RJ McNider, RT Gillani, NV TI Ozone production during an urban air stagnation episode over Nashville, Tennessee SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RURAL SITE; DEPOSITION; ATLANTA AB The highest O-3 levels observed during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study in middle Tennessee occurred during a period of air stagnation from July 11 through July 15. Extensive airborne (two fixed wing and one helicopter) and ground-based measurements of the chemistry and meteorology of this episode near Nashville, Tennessee, are presented. In situ airborne measurements include O-3, NOy, NO, NO2, SO2, CO, nitrate, hydrocarbons, and aldehydes. Airborne LIDAR O-3 measurements are also utilized to map the vertical and horizontal extent of the urban plume. The use of multiple instrumented research aircraft permitted highly detailed mapping of the plume chemistry in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Interactions between the urban Nashville plume (primarily a NOx and hydrocarbon source) and the Gallatin coal-fired power plant plume (primarily a NOx and SO2 source) are also documented, and comparisons of ozone formation in the isolated and mixed urban and power plant plume are presented. The data suggest that during this episode the background air and the edges of the urban plume are NOx sensitive and the core of the urban plume is hydrocarbon sensitive. Under these worst case meteorological conditions, ambient O-3 levels well over the level of the new National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone (80 ppb) were observed over and just downwind of Nashville. For example, on July 12, the boundary layer air upwind of Nashville showed 60 to 70 ppb O-3, while just downwind of the city the urban plume maximum was over 140 ppb O-3. With a revised ozone standard set at 80 ppb (8 hour average) and upwind levels already within 10 or 20 ppb of the standard, only a slight increase in ozone from the urban area will cause difficulty in attaining the standard at monitors near the care of the urban plume during this type of episode. The helicopter mapping and LIDAR aircraft data clearly illustrate that high O-3 levels can occur during stagnation episodes within a few kilometers of and even within the urban area. The extremely light boundary layer winds (1-3 m s(-1)) contributed to the creation of an ozone dome or blob which stayed very near to the city rather than an elongated plume. The small spatial scale of the zone of high O-3 concentrations is mapped in detail demonstrating that the regulatory monitoring network failed to document the maximum O-3 concentrations. Modelers using such regulatory data to test photochemical algorithms need to bear in mind that magnitude and frequency of urban ozone may be underestimated by monitoring networks, especially in medium-sized urban areas under slow transport conditions. Finally, this effort shows the value of collaborative field measurements from multiple platforms in developing a more complete picture of the chemistry and transport of photochemical O-3. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Valente, RJ (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, CEB2A,POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM rjvalente@tva.gov RI Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22555 EP 22568 DI 10.1029/98JD01641 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400044 ER PT J AU Sillman, S He, DY Pippin, MR Daum, PH Imre, DG Kleinman, LI Lee, JH Weinstein-Lloyd, J AF Sillman, S He, DY Pippin, MR Daum, PH Imre, DG Kleinman, LI Lee, JH Weinstein-Lloyd, J TI Model correlations for ozone, reactive nitrogen, and peroxides for Nashville in comparison with measurements: Implications for O-3-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT FORMATION; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; GAS-PHASE PEROXIDES; SOUTHERN SWITZERLAND; NONENZYMATIC METHOD; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; RURAL SITE; NOX AB We present an analysis of correlations between O-3, NOx reaction products (NOz), and peroxides in photochemical models for polluted environments in comparison with measurements in the vicinity of Nashville, Tennessee. This analysis is associated with the use of O-3/NOz, H2O2/NOz, and similar ratios as indicators for the relative impact of NOx and hydrocarbons (volatile organic compounds, VOC) on ozone formation. The measurements are used both to evaluate the NOx-VOC indicator theory and to identify NOx-VOC chemistry in Nashville. Results show that a linear correlation exists between O-3 and the sum 2H(2)O(2)+NOz, consistent between models and measurements. The ratio O-3/2H(2)O(2)+NOz has a near-constant value in both the Nashville urban plume and surrounding rural area. A similar correlation is found with total peroxides (O-3 versus 2peroxides+NOz) but with greater scatter. The correlations between O-3, NOz, and peroxides are consistent with an assumed dry deposition rate of 5 rm s(-1) for H2O2 and HNO3. Changes in dry deposition and RO2 reaction rates cause minor adjustments in the NOx- VOC-indicator analysis for H2O2/NOz. Measured indicator ratios for Nashville are close to the NOx-VOC transition predicted by models and form an intermediate point between previous measurements for Atlanta (NOx sensitive) and Los Angeles (VOC sensitive). The model ozone production efficiency (P(O-3)/L(NOx)) is 3-4, significantly lower than would be derived from the O-3-NOz slope (5-8). C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Coll Old Westbury, Dept Phys Chem, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. RP Sillman, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sillman@umich.edu; dyhe@engin.umich.edu; pippin@engin.umich.edu; phdaum@bnl.gov; imre@bnl.gov; kleinman@bnl.gov; jaihlee@bnl.gov; jlloyd@bnl.gov OI Sillman, Sanford/0000-0001-6250-1191 NR 52 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22629 EP 22644 DI 10.1029/98JD00349 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400049 ER PT J AU Muthukumar, VN AF Muthukumar, VN TI Superconductivity in two models of interacting fermions SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB We point out basic similarities between a toy model of superconductivity proposed by Mattis and Benderski [Mod. Phys. Lett. 8, 617 (1994)] and a model of interlayer tunneling. In both models, a gap in the energy spectrum leads to a condensed phase without symmetry breaking. The latter model, however leads to qualitatively distinct features in the optical response. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Muthukumar, VN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9849 J9 MOD PHYS LETT B JI Mod. Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 22 BP 905 EP 913 DI 10.1142/S0217984998001049 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 134UV UT WOS:000076762800001 ER PT J AU Scurlock, J AF Scurlock, J TI A lot of wind SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Scurlock, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC PI ELMONT PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 USA SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD SEP 19 PY 1998 VL 159 IS 2152 BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 121MN UT WOS:000076017700035 ER PT J AU Shek, ML AF Shek, ML TI Observations regarding a c(4x4)C-Si(100) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE low-energy electron diffraction; semiconducting surfaces; silicon; single crystal surfaces; soft X-ray photoemission ID SOFT-X-RAY; SI; SI(100); RECONSTRUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; SI(001); LAYERS; GROWTH; C2H4 AB We present C 1s soft X-ray photoemission data for c(4 x 4) C-Si(100) surfaces observed in low-energy electron diffraction. These surfaces are prepared by either evaporation from graphite or ethylene exposure to Si(100) at 823-923 K. The c(4 x 4) structure is due to a "subsurface" C species, with a C 1s energy varying from about -283.1 to -282.7 eV and attaining the latter value in well-annealed samples. From the observed intensities and total coverage estimates, we qualitatively discuss the possibilities for a C-enriched near-surface layer as the origin of the reconstruction. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shek, ML (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 19 PY 1998 VL 414 IS 3 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00437-3 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 124TV UT WOS:000076198900006 ER PT J AU Frank, P Hodgson, KO Kustin, K Robinson, WE AF Frank, P Hodgson, KO Kustin, K Robinson, WE TI Vanadium K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals species differences within the same ascidian genera - A comparison of whole blood from Ascidia nigra and Ascidia ceratodes SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; RESONANCE-SPECTRUM; SYDNEIENSIS-SAMEA; OXIDATION-STATE; CELLS; VANADOCYTES; TUNICHROMES; CHEMISTRY; TUNICATES AB Vanadium K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to examine whole blood preparations from the tunicates Ascidia nigra and Ascidia ceratodes, Each XAS spectrum exhibits a rising edge inflection near 5480 eV characteristic of vanadium(III) and an intensity maximum at 5484.0 eV. In A. ceratodes blood cells, intrinsic aquo-VSO4+ complex ion is indicated by an inflection feature at 5476 eV in the first derivative of the vanadium It-edge XAS spectrum, but this feature is notably absent from the first derivative of the vanadium It-edge spectrum of blood cells from A. nigra. A strong pre-edge feature at 5468.6 eV also uniquely distinguishes the vanadium K-edge XAS spectrum of A.. nigra blood cells, implying that vanadyl ion represents similar to 25% of the endogenous vanadium, However, the energy position of the rising edge inflection of the vanadium It-edge XAS spectrum of A. nigra (5479.5 eV) is 1 eV lower than that of A. ceratodes (5480.5 eV), the reverse of any expected shift arising from the endogenous vanadyl ion. Thus, in contrast to A. ceratodes, a significant fraction of the blood cell vanadium(III) in A. nigra is apparently in a ligation environment substantially different from that provided by water. These novel species-related differences may have taxonomic significance. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Environm Coastal & Ocean Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Frank, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209] NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 18 PY 1998 VL 273 IS 38 BP 24498 EP 24503 DI 10.1074/jbc.273.38.24498 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 121HL UT WOS:000076007300035 PM 9733743 ER PT J AU Li, HL Sui, HX Ghanshani, S Lee, S Walian, PJ Wu, CL Chandy, KG Jap, BK AF Li, HL Sui, HX Ghanshani, S Lee, S Walian, PJ Wu, CL Chandy, KG Jap, BK TI Two-dimensional crystallization and projection structure of KcsA potassium channel SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2-dimensional crystallization; electron crystallography; membrane protein structure; potassium channel; KcsA ID K+ CHANNEL; STREPTOMYCES-LIVIDANS; SUBUNIT STOICHIOMETRY; SIGNATURE SEQUENCE; SELECTIVITY FILTER; PHOE PORIN; RESOLUTION; PROKARYOTES; MUTATIONS; COMPLEX AB Potassium channels are integral membrane proteins that play a crucial role in regulating diverse cell functions in both electrically excitable and non-excitable cells. Molecular cloning has revealed a diverse family of genes that encode these proteins, and a variety of experimental strategies have defined functional domains. We have cloned, over-expressed and purified the KcsA potassium channel to homogeneity and reconstituted this channel protein with phospholipids to form two-dimensional crystals. The crystals belong to plane group p4 and have unit cell dimensions of a = b = 48 Angstrom. A projection map at 6 Angstrom resolution has been obtained by electron crystallography. The map shows that the protein is a homotetramer, having a low-density region on the 4-fold axis that is the site of the ion conduction pathway. Each monomer contains density features that are consistent with the molecular model of a truncated form of KcsA recently determined by X-ray crystallography. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Jap, BK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM BKJap@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GMOD54872, GM54221, GM-54132] NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 18 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 2 BP 211 EP 216 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2016 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 119QG UT WOS:000075907300001 PM 9735281 ER PT J AU Lin, Z Hahm, TS Lee, WW Tang, WM White, RB AF Lin, Z Hahm, TS Lee, WW Tang, WM White, RB TI Turbulent transport reduction by zonal flows: Massively parallel simulations SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; GEOMETRY AB Three-dimensional gyrokinetic simulations of microturbulence in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas with massively parallel computers showed that, with Linear flow damping, an asymptotic residual flow develops In agreement with analytic calculations. Nonlinear global simulations of instabilities driven by temperature gradients in the ion component of the plasma support the view that turbulence-driven fluctuating zonal flows can substantially reduce turbulent transport. Finally, the outstanding differences in the flow dynamics observed in global and Local simulations are found to be due to profile variations. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lin, Z (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 11 TC 615 Z9 628 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 18 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5384 BP 1835 EP 1837 DI 10.1126/science.281.5384.1835 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 121HK UT WOS:000076007100047 ER PT J AU Lossack, AM Roduner, E Bartels, DM AF Lossack, AM Roduner, E Bartels, DM TI Kinetic isotope effects in H and D abstraction reactions from alcohols by D atoms in aqueous solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; HYDROGEN-ATOM; HYDRATED ELECTRONS; WATER; RADIOLYSIS; MECHANISM; RADICALS; ENERGIES; BENZENE AB Electron paramagnetic resonance free induction decay attenuation measurements were performed in the range of liquid D2O for the reactions of D atoms with undeuterated and deuterated alcohols. Excellent Arrhenius behavior represented by log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (10.97 +/- 0.14) - [(24.7 +/- 0.8) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for CH3OD, log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (11.09 +/- 0.12) - [(20.8 +/- 0.6) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for CH3CH2OD, log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (11.45 +/- 0.10) - [(28.4 +/- 0.6) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for CD3CD2OD, log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (11.32 +/- 0.15) - [(21.3 +/- 0.8) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for CH3CH2CH2OD, log(k/M-1 s(-1)) (11.60 +/- 0.06) - [(21.2 +/- 0.3) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for(CH3)(2)C(H)OD, log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (11.48 +/- 0.12) - [(24.7 +/- 0.7) kJ mol(-1)/2.303RT)] for(CD3)(2)C(D)OD, was found in all cases. Compared with the gas phase, the reactions exhibit slightly higher activation energies, in agreement with expectation for solvation based on a predicted decrease of the dipole moment from the reactant alcohol to the transition state. A pronounced increase in Arrhenius preexponential factors is attributed mostly to equilibrium solvation of the D atom, but a significant difference between H2O and D2O suggests contributions of a dynamic solvent effect. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roduner, E (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 17 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 38 BP 7462 EP 7469 DI 10.1021/jp981936l PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 125RU UT WOS:000076251500018 ER PT J AU Rice, MJ Chakraborty, AK Bell, AT AF Rice, MJ Chakraborty, AK Bell, AT TI A density functional theory study of the interactions of H2O with H-ZSM-5, Cu-ZSM-5, and Co-ZSM-5 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ION-EXCHANGED ZSM-5; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; NO DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN-OXIDES; EXCESS OXYGEN; AB-INITIO; ZEOLITES AB The interactions of water with H-ZSM-5, Cu-ZSM-5, and Co-ZSM-5 have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT). Calculations were also performed to determine the thermodynamics of metal removal from the zeolite. For all three forms of ZSM-5, water adsorbs by direct interaction of the O atom with the cation and hydrogen bonding of one of the two Il atoms with an oxygen atom in the zeolite framework. The magnitude of the energy of adsorption of one H2O molecule decreases in the order Cu-ZSM-5 (Cu as Cu+) > Co-ZSM-5 (Co as Co2+(OH)(-)) > H-ZSM-5 > Cu-ZSM-5 (Cu as Cu2+(OH)(-)). Adsorption of a second H2O molecule occurs with a smaller binding energy, which decreases in the order Cu-ZSM-5 (Cu as Cu+) > Cu-ZSM-5 (Cu as Cu2+(OH)(-)) > Co-ZSM-5 (Co as Co2+(OH)(-)) > H-ZSM-5. At 800 K, demetalation to form a gaseous metal hydroxide species is unfavorable thermodynamically but will occur spontaneously if the final product is a metal oxide. Demetalation of Cu is projected to occur much more readily than demetalation of Co, in good agreement with experimental observation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chakraborty, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 47 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 17 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 38 BP 7498 EP 7504 DI 10.1021/jp981108s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 125RU UT WOS:000076251500022 ER PT J AU Xu, J Imre, D McGraw, R Tang, I AF Xu, J Imre, D McGraw, R Tang, I TI Ammonium sulfate: Equilibrium and metastability phase diagrams from 40 to -50 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID WATER ACTIVITIES; ATMOSPHERIC IMPORTANCE; AEROSOLS; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; TROPOSPHERE; DROPLETS AB The temperature-dependent phase diagrams, from 40 to -50 degrees C, of the binary (NH4)(2)SO4/H2O system are derived from data collected in a low-temperature, single-levitated-particle apparatus. The conditions of vapor pressure, temperature, and composition, at which particle phase transitions occur along the path of increasing relative humidity, define the equilibrium phase diagram, whereas the set of conditions that induce transitions in the reverse direction defines the metastability phase diagram. A new, stable crystalline phase of (NH4)(2)SO4. 4H(2)O is identified. Below -19.35 +/- 0.05 degrees C, the anhydrous (NH4)(2)SO4-ice eutectic point, ammonium sulfate does not deliquesce as the RH is increased but instead undergoes a solid-solid phase transition to form a tetrahydrate phase. (NH4)(2)SO4. 4H(2)O incongruently melts at -19.35 degrees C. Equilibrium phase transition, as well as metastable to stable phase transitions, for this system are mapped out, and the derived phase diagrams allow for prediction of the composition and phase of (NH4)(2)SO4 aerosols under the full range of atmospheric conditions and paths. Present observations are in excellent agreement with previous data. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Imre, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 26 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 17 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 38 BP 7462 EP 7469 DI 10.1021/jp981929x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 125RV UT WOS:000076251600026 ER PT J AU Fukuda, Y Hayakawa, T Ichihara, E Inoue, K Ishihara, K Ishino, H Itow, Y Kajita, T Kameda, J Kasuga, S Kobayashi, K Kobayashi, Y Koshio, Y Martens, K Miura, M Nakahata, M Nakayama, S Okada, A Oketa, M Okumura, K Ota, M Sakurai, N Shiozawa, M Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, Y Totsuka, Y Yamada, S Earl, M Habig, A Kearns, E Kim, SB Messier, MD Scholberg, K Stone, JL Sulak, LR Walter, CW Goldhaber, M Barszczak, T Gajewski, W Halverson, PG Hsu, J Kropp, WR Price, LR Reines, F Sobel, HW Vagins, MR Ganezer, KS Keig, WE Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Flanagan, JW Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Stenger, V Takemori, D Ishii, T Kanzaki, J Kobayashi, T Nakamura, K Nishikawa, K Oyama, Y Sakai, A Sakuda, M Sasaki, O Echigo, S Kohama, M Suzuki, AT Haines, TJ Blaufuss, E Sanford, R Svoboda, R Chen, ML Conner, Z Goodman, JA Sullivan, GW Mori, M Hill, J Jung, CK Mauger, C McGrew, C Sharkey, E Viren, B Yanagisawa, C Doki, W Ishizuka, T Kitaguchi, Y Koga, H Miyano, K Okazawa, H Saji, C Takahata, M Kusano, A Nagashima, Y Takita, M Yamaguchi, T Yoshida, M Etoh, M Fujita, K Hasegawa, A Hasegawa, T Hatakeyama, S Iwamoto, T Kinebuchi, T Koga, M Maruyama, T Ogawa, H Suzuki, A Tsushima, F Koshiba, M Nemoto, M Nishijima, K Futagami, T Hayato, Y Kanaya, Y Kaneyuki, K Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Doyle, R George, J Stachyra, A Wai, L Wilkes, J Young, K AF Fukuda, Y Hayakawa, T Ichihara, E Inoue, K Ishihara, K Ishino, H Itow, Y Kajita, T Kameda, J Kasuga, S Kobayashi, K Kobayashi, Y Koshio, Y Martens, K Miura, M Nakahata, M Nakayama, S Okada, A Oketa, M Okumura, K Ota, M Sakurai, N Shiozawa, M Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, Y Totsuka, Y Yamada, S Earl, M Habig, A Kearns, E Kim, SB Messier, MD Scholberg, K Stone, JL Sulak, LR Walter, CW Goldhaber, M Barszczak, T Gajewski, W Halverson, PG Hsu, J Kropp, WR Price, LR Reines, F Sobel, HW Vagins, MR Ganezer, KS Keig, WE Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Flanagan, JW Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Stenger, V Takemori, D Ishii, T Kanzaki, J Kobayashi, T Nakamura, K Nishikawa, K Oyama, Y Sakai, A Sakuda, M Sasaki, O Echigo, S Kohama, M Suzuki, AT Haines, TJ Blaufuss, E Sanford, R Svoboda, R Chen, ML Conner, Z Goodman, JA Sullivan, GW Mori, M Hill, J Jung, CK Mauger, C McGrew, C Sharkey, E Viren, B Yanagisawa, C Doki, W Ishizuka, T Kitaguchi, Y Koga, H Miyano, K Okazawa, H Saji, C Takahata, M Kusano, A Nagashima, Y Takita, M Yamaguchi, T Yoshida, M Etoh, M Fujita, K Hasegawa, A Hasegawa, T Hatakeyama, S Iwamoto, T Kinebuchi, T Koga, M Maruyama, T Ogawa, H Suzuki, A Tsushima, F Koshiba, M Nemoto, M Nishijima, K Futagami, T Hayato, Y Kanaya, Y Kaneyuki, K Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Doyle, R George, J Stachyra, A Wai, L Wilkes, J Young, K TI Study of the atmospheric neutrino flux in the multi-GeV energy range SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID RATIO AB The flavor ratio of the atmospheric neutrino flux and its zenith angle dependence have been studied in the multi-GeV energy range using an exposure of 25.5 kiloton-years of the Super-Kamiokande detector, By comparing the data to a detailed Monte Carlo simulation, the ratio (mu/e)(DATA)/(mu/e)(MC) was measured to be 0.66 +/- 0.06(stat.) +/- 0.08(sys.). In addition, a strong distortion in the shape of the mu-like event zenith angle distribution was observed. The ratio of the number of upward to downward mu-like events was found to be 0.52(-0.06)(+0.07)(stat) +/- 0.01(sys.), with an expected value of 0.98 +/- 0.03(stat.) +/- 0.02(sys.), while the same ratio for the e-like events was consistent with unity. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tanashi, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Phys, Carson, CA 90747 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P23, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Miyagi Univ Educ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Fukuda, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tanashi, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. RI Takeuchi, Yasuo/A-4310-2011; Nakamura, Kenzo/F-7174-2010; Sobel, Henry/A-4369-2011; Suzuki, Yoichiro/F-7542-2010; Martens, Kai/A-4323-2011; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Sakurai, Nobuyuki/M-5009-2014; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Koshio, Yusuke/C-2847-2015; Kibayashi, Atsuko/K-7327-2015 OI Sakurai, Nobuyuki/0000-0002-1002-217X; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Koshio, Yusuke/0000-0003-0437-8505; NR 13 TC 551 Z9 553 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 17 PY 1998 VL 436 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00876-4 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 128KD UT WOS:000076404100005 ER PT J AU Hampel, W Handt, J Heusser, G Kaether, D Kiko, J Kirsten, T Laubenstein, M Neder, E Pernicka, E Rau, W Richter, H Ronn, U Schwan, U Wojcik, M Zakharov, Y von Ammon, R Ebert, KH Fritsch, T Heidt, D Henrich, E Stieglitz, L Weirich, F Balata, M Hartmann, FX Bellotti, E Cattadori, C Cremonesi, O Ferrari, N Fiorini, E Zanotti, L Altmann, M von Feilitzsch, F Mossbauer, R Berthomieu, G Schatzman, E Carmi, I Dostrovsky, I Bacci, C Belli, P Bernabei, R d'Angelo, S Paoluzi, L Cribier, M Rich, J Spiro, M Tao, C Vignaud, D Boger, J Hahn, RL Rowley, JK Stoenner, RW Weneser, J AF Hampel, W Handt, J Heusser, G Kaether, D Kiko, J Kirsten, T Laubenstein, M Neder, E Pernicka, E Rau, W Richter, H Ronn, U Schwan, U Wojcik, M Zakharov, Y von Ammon, R Ebert, KH Fritsch, T Heidt, D Henrich, E Stieglitz, L Weirich, F Balata, M Hartmann, FX Bellotti, E Cattadori, C Cremonesi, O Ferrari, N Fiorini, E Zanotti, L Altmann, M von Feilitzsch, F Mossbauer, R Berthomieu, G Schatzman, E Carmi, I Dostrovsky, I Bacci, C Belli, P Bernabei, R d'Angelo, S Paoluzi, L Cribier, M Rich, J Spiro, M Tao, C Vignaud, D Boger, J Hahn, RL Rowley, JK Stoenner, RW Weneser, J CA GALLEX Collaborat TI Verification tests of the GALLEX solar neutrino detector, with Ge-71 produced in-situ from the beta-decay of As-71 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB Previously, it was demonstrated that the GALLEX solar neutrino detector responds properly to low energy neutrinos, by exposing it to two intense Cr-51-neutrino sources; the recovery yield of the product Ge-71 was reported to be 93% +/- 8%. New experiments, in which known amounts of radioactive As-71 have decayed to Ge-71 in the full-scale gallium detector, strongly support this evidence. In several experiments, the gallium detector has been spiked with similar to 10(571)As atoms, under varying conditions of how the As-71 was added (either carrier free, or with Ge carrier), how the gallium solution was mixed, and how long the Ge-71 remained in the gallium. As-71 decays by electron capture and positron emission to Ge-71, with a half life of 2.72 d. Hot atoms are produced by these decay modes with kinematics that mimic solar neutrino capture, although the Cr-51 neutrino source provided a more perfect match. This relative disadvantage is offset by the much better statistics obtainable with the As-71. In all As-71 experiments, the recovery of Ge-71 from the gallium was 100%, with uncertainties of only +/- 1%. The combined results from the Cr-51 sources and the As-71 spikes rule out any loss mechanisms for Ge-71, including hot-atom chemical effects. Chemical processes in the aqueous gallium trichloride - hydrochloric acid solution guarantee that the Ge-71 atoms formed in the GALLEX target will be quickly converted to extractable, volatile GeCl4. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Chem Tech, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys E15, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Observ Cote Azur, Dept Cassini, F-06004 Nice 04, France. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Roma Tor Vergata 2, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00133 Rome, Italy. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hampel, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Postfach 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Belli, Pierluigi/H-1942-2012; Laubenstein, Matthias/C-4851-2013; Bernabei, Rita/C-1212-2016; OI Belli, Pierluigi/0000-0003-4517-4891; Laubenstein, Matthias/0000-0001-5390-4343; Bernabei, Rita/0000-0003-1786-5396; cattadori, carla maria/0000-0001-7885-6253 NR 27 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 17 PY 1998 VL 436 IS 1-2 BP 158 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00875-2 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 128KD UT WOS:000076404100021 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Dieters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rathje, D Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Sloyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Dieters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rathje, D Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Sloyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaborat TI Measurement of the inclusive charmless semileptonic branching fraction of beauty hadrons and a determination of vertical bar V-ub vertical bar at LEP SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID L3 EXPERIMENT; MESON DECAYS; B-MESONS; DETECTOR AB A measurement of the inclusive charmless semileptonic branching fraction of beauty hadrons, b --> X-u l nu, has been performed using almost two million hadronic Z decays collected by the L3 experiment at LEP, yielding the result: Br(b --> X-u l nu) = (3.3 +/- 1.0 +/- 1.7) x 10(-3). The first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The modulus of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element V-ub extracted from this measurement is: \V-ub\ = (6.0(-1.0-1.9)(+0.8+1.4) +/- 0.2) x 10(-3), where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and theoretical, respectively. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, LAPP, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. World Lab, FBLJA Project, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Chinese Univ Sci & Technol, Hefei 230029, Peoples R China. SEFT, Res Inst High Energy Phys, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RI Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008 OI Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Bertucci, Bruna/0000-0001-7584-293X; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; NR 33 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 17 PY 1998 VL 436 IS 1-2 BP 174 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00941-1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 128KD UT WOS:000076404100022 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Backer, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Backer, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Study of anomalous ZZ gamma and Z gamma gamma couplings at LEP SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE BHABHA SCATTERING; WEAK-BOSON SECTOR; PAIR PRODUCTION; L3 EXPERIMENT; Z-PEAK; PHYSICS; ANNIHILATION; COLLISIONS; DETECTOR; ENERGIES AB We search for anomalous ZZ gamma and Z gamma gamma couplings with the L3 detector at LEP, The analysis is based on the study of the process e(+) e(+) --> Z gamma at center-of-mass energies in the range 161 GeV < root s < 183 GeV. No evidence for anomalous effects is found. Limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the values of the eight possible anomalous couplings. Depending on the type of coupling new physics scales below 213 GeV to 1083 GeV are excluded. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, LAPP, Lab Annecy Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. IHEP, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. World Lab, FBLJA Project, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Sci & Technol China, USTC, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. Res Inst High Energy Phys, SEFT, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. ITEP, Moscow, Russia. Univ Naples, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rome La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, University, AL 35486 USA. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Acciarri, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; OI Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Ambrosi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6977-9559; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Kirkby, David/0000-0002-8828-5463; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 17 PY 1998 VL 436 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00883-1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 128KD UT WOS:000076404100023 ER PT J AU Matzger, AJ Vollhardt, KPC AF Matzger, AJ Vollhardt, KPC TI Benzocyclynes adhere to Huckel's rule by the ring current criterion in experiment (H-1 NMR) and theory (NICS) SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE annulenes; aromaticity; cycloalkynes; NMR ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB The experimental H-1 NMR chemical shift values of six benzocyclynes (benzodehydroannulenes) have been assigned and, in combination with nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations, shown to indicate diatropic behavior for 4n+2, paratropic behavior for 4n pi systems. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Matzger, Adam/G-7497-2016 OI Matzger, Adam/0000-0002-4926-2752 NR 32 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD SEP 17 PY 1998 VL 39 IS 38 BP 6791 EP 6794 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(98)01441-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 115YG UT WOS:000075693500004 ER PT J AU Hostetler, MJ Zhong, CJ Yen, BKH Anderegg, J Gross, SM Evans, ND Porter, M Murray, RW AF Hostetler, MJ Zhong, CJ Yen, BKH Anderegg, J Gross, SM Evans, ND Porter, M Murray, RW TI Stable, monolayer-protected metal alloy clusters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PD BIMETALLIC CLUSTERS; NANOPARTICLES; COLLOIDS; AG; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; TRANSITION; RADIOLYSIS; PARTICLES C1 Univ N Carolina, Kenan Labs Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Murray, RW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Kenan Labs Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011; Zhong, Chuan-Jian/D-3394-2013 NR 26 TC 217 Z9 218 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 16 PY 1998 VL 120 IS 36 BP 9396 EP 9397 DI 10.1021/ja981454n PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 120JV UT WOS:000075954000045 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC Burnett, MN Gakh, AA AF Bryan, JC Burnett, MN Gakh, AA TI Tetrabutylammonium and caesium salts of trinitromethane SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Two structures of the trinitromethane anion are reported. In tetra-n-butylammonium trinitromethanide, (C4H9)(4)N+. [C(NO2)(3)](-), the [C(NO2)(3)](-) anion adopts the commonly observed C-2v conformation, while in the Cs salt, caesium trinitromethanide, Cs+.[C(NO2)(3)](-), it adopts a distorted propeller conformation. Both stuctures exhibit cation-anion interactions that may influence the structure of the anion. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 1229 EP 1233 DI 10.1107/S0108270198004491 PN 9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 133MD UT WOS:000076689600015 ER PT J AU Culbertson, CT Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM AF Culbertson, CT Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM TI Dispersion sources for compact geometries on microchips SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLANAR CHIPS TECHNOLOGY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; POSTCOLUMN REACTOR; SAMPLE INJECTION; GLASS CHIPS; SEPARATIONS; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; DEVICE; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Folding the separation channel in a microchip device generally introduces an additional geometrical contribution to analyte dispersion through lateral variations in both migration distance and field strength. The geometrical dispersion generated depends on the ratio of the analyte transverse diffusion time to the time that the analyte band spends traversing the turn. A one-dimensional model has been developed which predicts the amount of excess dispersion introduced by turns in microchip channels. This model accounts for migration length differences, field strength differences, and transverse diffusion effects and accurately describes the experimental data. The introduction of turns into the channel on a microchip is shown to reduce separation efficiency compared to the same separation length in a straight channel, especially for molecules with small diffusion coefficients. Several methods to reduce geometrical dispersion are examined including the manipulation of channel width and analyte velocity and the use of complementary pairs of turns. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ramsey, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Culbertson, Christopher/0000-0002-6833-3237 NR 40 TC 183 Z9 191 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 18 BP 3781 EP 3789 DI 10.1021/ac9804487 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 119RT UT WOS:000075911500011 ER PT J AU Sokolov, K Chumanov, G Cotton, TM AF Sokolov, K Chumanov, G Cotton, TM TI Enhancement of molecular fluorescence near the surface of colloidal metal films SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ISLAND FILMS; PARTICLES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINESCENCE; SENSITIVITY; IMMUNOASSAY; SENSORS AB Fluorescence enhancement was studied on sliver colloidal metal films (CMFs) using two systems: (1) Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of fluorescein-labeled phospholipids separated from the surface of the films by spacer layers of octadecanoic acid and (2) biotin-fluorescein conjugates captured by avidin molecules adsorbed on top of a multilayer structure formed by alternating layers of bovine serum albumin-biotin conjugate (BSA-biotin) and avidin. The dependence of fluorescence intensity on the number of lipid or protein spacer layers deposited on the surface of the CMF was investigated. The results demonstrate the requirement for adsorbate location within the region between Ag particles for maximal enhancement. The density of avidin molecules on the surface of the BSA-biotin/avidin multilayers adsorbed on the CMF was also determined. A procedure for forming a rigid, uniform silica layer around the Ag particles on the CMF is described. The layer protects the particles from undesirable chemical reactions such as etching by halide ions, for example, and provides the requisite stability for bioanalytical applications. Colloidal films composed of Ag particles covered by similar to 10-nm-thick silica layers were tested for fluorescence enhancement using goat immunoglobulin and a conjugate of rabbit anti-goat immunoglobulin with 6-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino)hexanoate. An enhancement factor of similar to 20 was obtained. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cotton, TM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Sokolov, Konstantin/0000-0002-0198-2005 NR 34 TC 341 Z9 347 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 18 BP 3898 EP 3905 DI 10.1021/ac9712310 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 119RT UT WOS:000075911500028 PM 9751028 ER PT J AU Grate, JW Egorov, OB AF Grate, JW Egorov, OB TI Investigation and optimization of on-column redox reactions in the sorbent extraction separation of americium and plutonium using flow injection analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEAR WASTE; ACIDIC MEDIA; ACTINIDES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRECONCENTRATION; URANIUM; SAMPLES AB A flow injection (FI) system with on-line liquid scintillation detection has been used to investigate and automate the separation of americium and plutonium on a sorbent extraction column (Eichrom TRU-resin). The FI system delivers various reagent solutions under controlled conditions to perform reactions that control the speciation of Pu, adjusting it bem een the Ri and IV states on the column. Am(III) is eluted in hydrochloric acid, while Pu(IV) remains on the column. The Pu is then selectively eluted by an on-column reduction reaction to Pu(III), which is not retained in hydrochloric acid. Remaining tetra- and hexavalent actinides are removed from the column using complexing eluent. Studies of the on-column oxidation of Pu with nitrite revealed that nitrite is slightly retained and partially converted to other species, both processes influencing subsequent reduction reactions, Mild reducing agents such as hydroquinone effected a slow and incomplete reduction of Pu(IV) on the column; examination of several other reducing solutions revealed that TL(III) solutions gave rapid quantitative on-column reductions for selective Pu elution. The effects of column size and eluent now rates were examined: now rates as high as 3 mL/min could be used without significant change in elution peak volume. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 18 BP 3920 EP 3929 DI 10.1021/ac980411m PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 119RT UT WOS:000075911500031 ER PT J AU Reilly, PTA Gieray, RA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Reilly, PTA Gieray, RA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Real-time characterization of the organic composition and size of individual diesel engine smoke particles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; DAILY MORTALITY; AIR-POLLUTION; MICROPARTICLES; DISSOCIATION; IONIZATION; EMISSIONS AB Real-time analysis of individual diesel engine exhaust particles was demonstrated using an ion trap mass spectrometer. Measurements were made on the nebulized engine oil and diesel fuel for comparison with the exhaust particle analysis. Studies were performed on individual exhaust particles to determine composition as a function of aerodynamic size. MS/MS analysis positively identified low-mass PAHs as well as indicated the presence of high mass hydrogenated PAHs (HPAHs). The degree of PAH hydrogenation was found to be mass dependent. The origin of the HPAHs seems to be the diesel fuel. However, the HPAHs underwent some degree of oxidation during the combustion process on average. Indicators were found that might be used to determine combustion efficiency. The capability of the technique for on-line measurement of combustion processes was demonstrated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reilly, PTA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 18 BP 2672 EP 2679 DI 10.1021/es980135t PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120NX UT WOS:000075963400003 ER PT J AU Zhang, PC Ryan, JA Yang, J AF Zhang, PC Ryan, JA Yang, J TI In vitro soil Pb solubility in the presence of hydroxyapatite SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED GASTRIC CONDITIONS; CALCIUM HYDROXYAPATITE; LEAD IMMOBILIZATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; BIOAVAILABILITY; DISSOLUTION; KINETICS; PH; APATITE; MEALS AB The transformation of lead (Pb) in contaminated soils to pyromorphite, by the addition of phosphate minerals, may be an economic in-situ immobilization strategy that results in a reduction of bioavailable Pb, To test this hypothesis, we conducted two sets of soil-solution experiments under constant (i.e., fixed) or dynamic (i.e., variable) pH conditions, as a function of time. In both sets of experiments, Pb-contaminated soil was reacted with synthetic hydroxyapatite in order to determine the transformation rate of soil Pb to pyromorphite and the soluble Pb level during the reaction period. in the constant pH system, the soluble Pb concentration decreased with the addition of apatite at pH 4 and above. However, the transformation was pH-dependent and incomplete at relatively high pH (greater than or equal to 6). The solubility of cerrusite (PbCO3), the major Pb mineral in this soil, still exhibited a strong influence on the solubility of soil Pb. In the dynamic pH experiments, which simulated gastric pH conditions (i.e., pH variation from 2 to 7 within 25 or 45 min), both cerrusite and added apatite were dissolved at low pH values (pH 2 and pH 3), and chloropyromorphite was rapidly precipitated from dissolved Pb and PO4 when the suspension pH was increased. Complete transformation of soil Pb to chloropyromorphite occurred in the pH dynamic experiments within 25 min, indicating rapid reaction kinetics of the formation of chloropyromorphite. Chloropyromorphite solubility controls the soluble Pb concentration during the entire duration of the pH dynamic experiments. This study demonstrates the importance of considering specific site conditions, such as pH, when considering evaluation of soil Pb bioavailability and in-situ immobilization of Ph in Pb-contaminated soils using phosphate amendment. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the kinetics of conversion of soil Pb to chloropyromorphite in the presence of apatite is fast enough to occur during ingestion and that gastric pH conditions would favor the formation of chloropyromorphite, thus rendering ingested soil Pb nonbioavailable. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zhang, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0750, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 90 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 18 BP 2763 EP 2768 DI 10.1021/es971065d PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120NX UT WOS:000075963400016 ER PT J AU Bongiorno, A Colombo, L De la Rubia, TD AF Bongiorno, A Colombo, L De la Rubia, TD TI Structural and binding properties of vacancy clusters in silicon SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POINT-DEFECTS; DIFFUSION AB By means of large-scale quantum simulations we investigate the formation and binding of vacancy clusters V-n in silicon for n less than or equal to 35. We show that different growth patterns exist and that an interplay between energy and topology arguments determines the most stable aggregates. C1 Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Mat, INFM, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bongiorno, A (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Mat, INFM, Via Emanueli 15, I-20126 Milan, Italy. RI Colombo, Luciano/D-9013-2013 OI Colombo, Luciano/0000-0001-5335-4652 NR 15 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 43 IS 6 BP 695 EP 700 DI 10.1209/epl/i1998-00419-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 122VZ UT WOS:000076093300015 ER PT J AU Nishi, K Schnier, JB Bradbury, EM AF Nishi, K Schnier, JB Bradbury, EM TI The accumulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) is a primary response to staurosporine and independent of G1 cell cycle arrest SO EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RETINOBLASTOMA SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; HUMAN-BREAST-CARCINOMA; LARGE TUMOR-ANTIGEN; WILD-TYPE P53; G(1) ARREST; LUNG-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RESTRICTION POINT; TRANSFORMED-CELLS AB The staurosporine-induced G1 cell cycle arrest was analyzed in a variety of cell lines which includes human tumor cell lines and oncogene-transformed NIH3T3 cell lines. All the cell lines which were sensitive to staurosporine-induced G1 arrest contained a functional retinoblastoma protein (pRB). However, when pRB-lacking fibroblast cells derived from PRE knockout mice were tested they were also sensitive to G1 arrest by staurosporine, indicating that the inactivation of pRB alone is not sufficient for the abrogation of staurosporine-induced G1 arrest. In searching for a common event caused by staurosporine, the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor protein p27(kip1) but not p21(cip1) was found to accumulate after staurosporine treatment in all the cell lines examined. This accumulation occurred regardless of the induction of the G1 arrest. The result indicates that the accumulation of p27(kip1) is the cell's primary response to staurosporine and that the capability of staurosporine to induce G1 arrest depends on the integrity of cell cycle regulatory components which are downstream of p27(kip1). (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nishi, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kynishi-schnier@ucdavis.edu NR 66 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4827 J9 EXP CELL RES JI Exp. Cell Res. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 243 IS 2 BP 222 EP 231 DI 10.1006/excr.1998.4166 PG 10 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 125MQ UT WOS:000076241700002 PM 9743582 ER PT J AU Sakaguchi, K Herrera, JE Saito, S Miki, T Bustin, M Vassilev, A Anderson, CW Appella, E AF Sakaguchi, K Herrera, JE Saito, S Miki, T Bustin, M Vassilev, A Anderson, CW Appella, E TI DNA damage activates p53 through a phosphorylation-acetylation cascade SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE CBP/p300; PCAF; histone acetyltransferase; DNA-PK; transcriptional activation; checkpoints ID WILD-TYPE P53; BINDING FUNCTION; P300/CBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR; TERMINAL DOMAIN; UV-LIGHT; PROTEIN; KINASE; MDM2; GENE; TRANSACTIVATION AB Activation of p53-mediated transcription is a critical cellular response to DNA damage. p53 stability and site-specific DNA-binding activity and, therefore, transcriptional activity, are modulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and acetylation. Here we show that p53 is acetylated in vitro at separate sites by two different histone acetyltransferases (HATs), the coactivators p300 and PCAF. p300 acetylates Lys-382 in the carboxy-terminal region of p53, whereas PCAF acetylates Lys-320 in the nuclear localization signal. Acetylations at either site enhance sequence-specific DNA binding. Using a polyclonal antisera specific for p53 that is phosphorylated or acetylated at specific residues, we show that Lys-382 of human p53 becomes acetylated and Ser-33 and Ser-37 become phosphorylated in vivo after exposing cells to UV light or ionizing radiation. In vitro, amino-terminal p53 peptides phosphorylated at Ser-33 and/or at Ser-37 differentially inhibited p53 acetylation by each HAT. These results suggest that DNA damage enhances p53 activity as a transcription factor in part through carboxy-terminal acetylation that, in turn, is directed by amino-terminal phosphorylation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Cellular & Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHD, Lab Mol Growth Regulat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Anderson, CW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Bustin, Michael/G-6155-2015 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM52825] NR 49 TC 848 Z9 858 U1 7 U2 35 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 18 BP 2831 EP 2841 DI 10.1101/gad.12.18.2831 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 123ZB UT WOS:000076154600003 PM 9744860 ER PT J AU Whitmore, SA Settasatian, C Crawford, J Lower, KM McCallum, B Seshadri, R Cornelisse, GJ Moerland, EW Cleton-Jansen, AM Tipping, AJ Mathew, CG Savnio, M Savoia, A Verlander, P Auerbach, AD Van Berkel, C Pronk, JC Doggett, NA Callen, DF AF Whitmore, SA Settasatian, C Crawford, J Lower, KM McCallum, B Seshadri, R Cornelisse, GJ Moerland, EW Cleton-Jansen, AM Tipping, AJ Mathew, CG Savnio, M Savoia, A Verlander, P Auerbach, AD Van Berkel, C Pronk, JC Doggett, NA Callen, DF TI Characterization and screening for mutations of the growth arrest-specific 11 (GAS11) and C16orf3 genes at 16q24.3 in breast cancer SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME ARM 16Q; RECEPTOR; REGIONS AB Loss of heterozygosity involving the long arm of chromosome 16 is a frequent event seen in a number of human carcinomas, including breast, prostate, hepatocellular, and ovarian cancers. A region found to be commonly deleted in breast and prostate carcinomas is located at 16q24.3, which suggests the presence of a tumor suppressor gene that may be altered in these two malignancies. A detailed physical and transcription map of this region that includes the loci defining the smallest region of deletion has been constructed. This report describes the characterization of a transcript located in this region, the growth arrest-specific 11 (GAS11) gene, which was viewed as a potential tumor suppressor gene due to the expression of its mouse homolog specifically during growth arrest. The gene consists of 11 exons spanning approximately 25 kb. Northern blot analysis identified two ubiquitously expressed mRNAs of 3.4 and 1.8 kb produced by the use of alternative polyadenylation sites. Another gene, C16orf3 (chromosome 16 open reading frame 3), was found to lie within intron 2 of GAS11. This gene appears intronless, is transcribed in the orientation opposite to that of GAS11, and is expressed at low levels. These genes were examined for mutations in breast tumor DNA, and both were excluded as tumor suppressor genes involved in breast cancer. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Cytogenet & Mol Genet, Ctr Med Genet, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. Univ S Australia, Dept Haematol & Oncol, Flinders Med Ctr, Bedford Pk, SA, Australia. Univ Leiden Hosp, Dept Pathol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Leiden Hosp, Dept Pathol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. United Med & Dent Sch Guys & St Thomas Hosp, Guys Hosp, Div Med & Mol Genet, London SE1 9RT, England. Osped CSS, IRCCS, Serv Genet Med, I-70113 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Human Genet & Hematol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Human Genet, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Whitmore, SA (reprint author), Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Cytogenet & Mol Genet, Ctr Med Genet, 72 King William Rd, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. RI Callen, David/G-1975-2012; Crawford, Joanna /F-9135-2013; Mathew, Christopher/G-3434-2015; Savoia, Anna/B-6463-2014; OI Crawford, Joanna /0000-0003-0786-6889; Mathew, Christopher/0000-0003-4178-1838; Savoia, Anna/0000-0002-2407-2696; Callen, David/0000-0002-6189-9991; Auerbach, Arleen/0000-0002-6911-8379 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL32987] NR 21 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 52 IS 3 BP 325 EP 331 DI 10.1006/geno.1998.5457 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 130EA UT WOS:000076505900008 PM 9790751 ER PT J AU Lario, D Marsden, RG Sanderson, TR Maksimovic, H Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ Lin, RP Gosling, JT AF Lario, D Marsden, RG Sanderson, TR Maksimovic, H Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ Lin, RP Gosling, JT TI Ulysses and WIND particle observations of the November 1997 solar events SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; SHOCK AB The episode of intense solar activity on 4 and 6 November 1997 resulted in large and extended particle events observed by the Ulysses and WIND spacecraft. Ulysses was at a heliocentric distance of 5.34 AU, very close to the solar equator and 100 degrees west in heliolongitude from earth. WIND was near the earth at 0.99 AU from the Sun and in the ecliptic plane. Both spacecraft detected particle events and magnetic field structures related to this intense activity. A likely scenario for these particle events is proposed. The differences in the particle intensity profiles observed by both spacecraft are explained in terms of their location with respect to the solar activity site, the existence of interplanetary structures traveling towards the spacecraft, and the nature of particle transport from the source up to the two spacecraft. C1 European Space Agcy, Estec, Dept Space Sci, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Imperial Coll, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lario, D (reprint author), European Space Agcy, Estec, Dept Space Sci, POB 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RI Lario, David/D-9318-2016 OI Lario, David/0000-0002-3176-8704 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 18 BP 3469 EP 3472 DI 10.1029/98GL52667 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 119MK UT WOS:000075900100022 ER PT J AU Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE McComas, DJ Collier, MR AF Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE McComas, DJ Collier, MR TI Variability of the ring current source population SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA SHEET; STORM AB The relationship between the strength of the storm-time ring current and the available density in the presumed source region, the plasma sheet, is examined for 23 storms with Dst* (minimum Dst corrected for magnetopause currents) ranging from -50 to -164 nT. A good correlation is found between the plasma-sheet density at geosynchronous orbit and the minimum Dst*. The minimum Dst* is also well correlated with the eastward interplanetary electric field measured upstream by the Wind spacecraft, in agreement with previous studies, but the dependence of Dst* on plasma-sheet density is unrelated to its dependence on the electric field. The best correlation is between the minimum Dst* and the product of the plasma-sheet density and the eastward interplanetary electric field. These results are consistent with a scenario in which the intensity of the storm-time ring current is determined by a combination of source strength (plasma-sheet density) and injection strength (interplanetary electric field). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Thomsen, MF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Collier, Michael/I-4864-2013 OI Collier, Michael/0000-0001-9658-6605 NR 24 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 18 BP 3481 EP 3484 DI 10.1029/98GL02633 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 119MK UT WOS:000075900100025 ER PT J AU Bastos, CM Lee, KS Kjelsberg, MA Mayr, A Van Engen, D Koch, SA Franolic, JD Klooster, WT Koetzle, TF AF Bastos, CM Lee, KS Kjelsberg, MA Mayr, A Van Engen, D Koch, SA Franolic, JD Klooster, WT Koetzle, TF TI Protonation of Fischer-type alkylidyne carbonyltungsten complexes. Structural comparison of alkylidyne and alkylidene metal complexes, including a neutron diffraction study of [W(CHCH3)Cl-2(CO)(PMe3)(2)] SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE crystal structures; neutron diffraction; alkylidene complexes; tungsten complexes ID 4-ELECTRON ALKYNE LIGANDS; ALPHA-HYDRIDE ELIMINATION; CARBON TRIPLE BONDS; CARBYNE COMPLEXES; COUPLING REACTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR; CARBENE COMPLEX; TUNGSTEN; METHYLIDYNE AB Protonation of alkylidyne tungsten complexes of the types [W(CR)Cl(CO)(PMe3)(3)] or [W(CR)Cl(CO)(py)(PMe3)(2)] with HCl affords the eta(2)-alkylidene tungsten complexes [W(CHR)Cl-2(CO)(PMe3)(2)] (7) (R=Me, Et, Ph, p-Tol). Protonation of the complexes [W(CR)X(CO) (CNR') (PMe3)(2)] with HOSO2CF3 or HBF4 gives the alkylidene complexes [W(CHR)X(CO) (CNR') (PMe3)(2)] [Y] (8) (R=Me, R'=CMe3, X=Cl, Y=CF3SO3. R=Ph, X=Cl; R'=CMe3, Y=CF3SO3, BF4; R'=C6H11, Y=BF4; R'=C6H3Me2-2,6, Y = CF3SO3. R = Ph, R' = CMe3, X = I, Y = CF3SO3, BF4). The C-H bonds of the alkylidene ligands are easily deprotonated with bases such as pyrrolidinocyclopentene or triethylamine. The solid state structures of [W(CPh)Cl(CO) (CNCMe3) (PMe3)(2)] (5b), [W(CHMe)Cl-2-(CO) (PMe3)(2)] (7a), [W(CHPh)Cl-2(CO) (PMe3)(2)] (7c), and [W(CHPh)Cl(CO) (CNCMe3) (PMe3)(2)] [ BF4] (8c) were determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure of 7a was also determined by neutron diffraction. Based on the neutron diffraction data of 7a, and closely matching results from the X-ray diffraction studies, it is found that the eta(2)-coordination mode of the alkylidene ligands gives rise to almost equal W-C(R) and W-H bond distances, 1.857(4) and 1.922(6) Angstrom, respectively, in the case of 7a. The length of the alkylidene C-H bond in 7a is 1.185(7) Angstrom. The structural comparison of 5b and 8c reveals that the protonation of the alkylidyne ligand causes the W-CPh bond to lengthen by less than 0.1 Angstrom and the W-C-Ph angle to bend by about 15 degrees. The major induced structural change, however, may be described as a lateral shift of the CPh group by about 0.6 Angstrom away from the coordination axis defined by the extension of the Cl-W vector. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 88 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 EI 1873-3255 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 1 BP 7 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(98)00004-8 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 109YE UT WOS:000075351300002 ER PT J AU Wang, L Yan, M Siekhaus, W Oberhelman, S AF Wang, L Yan, M Siekhaus, W Oberhelman, S TI Probing nanodefects in fused silica by near-field scanning optical microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPARENT AB Nanodefects were artificially introduced into a fused silica surface by nanoindenting with a commercial atomic force microscope. The sample was illuminated in a total internal reflection configuration and evanescent waves; were detected by a near-field scanning optical probe in the constant tip-sample separation mode. The observed contrast in optical images was attributed to the strain fields associated with the nanoindents. Thus the optical image directly maps out the strain distributions associated with these nanoindents. Optical images were taken at different polarizations of the incident light (s and p). Due to different field distributions near the sample surface for the two polarizations, strain distributions at different depths were probed. The spatial resolution of this technique was limited by the probe aperture size and detector sensitivity. This technique may be a useful tool to study laser-induced damage mechanisms in optical materials at the submicron scale. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 6 BP 3016 EP 3019 DI 10.1063/1.368454 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 119WQ UT WOS:000075921500003 ER PT J AU Sigalas, MM AF Sigalas, MM TI Defect states of acoustic waves in a two-dimensional lattice of solid cylinders SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC ELASTIC COMPOSITES; BAND-STRUCTURE; STOP-BANDS; PROPAGATION; SYSTEMS; GAPS; ATTENUATION; CRYSTAL; SOUND; BENDS AB Using the plane-wave expansion method, we study the propagation of acoustic waves through two-dimensional (2D) periodic composites consisting of solid cylinders in air. Defect in those structures create localized states inside the band gaps. We study both single and line defects. Line defects can act as a waveguide for acoustic waves while single defects can be used as acoustical filters. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sigalas, MM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sigalas@iastate.edu NR 35 TC 121 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 6 BP 3026 EP 3030 DI 10.1063/1.368456 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 119WQ UT WOS:000075921500005 ER PT J AU Ding, WX McCorkle, DL Pinnaduwage, LA AF Ding, WX McCorkle, DL Pinnaduwage, LA TI Enhanced formation of negative ions by electron attachment to highly excited molecules in a flowing afterglow plasma SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROCESSING DISCHARGES; SUPEREXCITED STATES; SUBSTRATE BIAS; RATE CONSTANTS; SILANE; ARGON; TEMPERATURE; FREQUENCY; HYDROGEN; DENSITY AB Preliminary evidence for efficient negative-ion formation using a plasma mixing scheme was reported in a recent letter [L. A. Pinnaduwage, W. Ding, and D. L. McCorkle, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3634 (1997)]. In the present article we confirm the negative ion formation using a probe-assisted photodetachment technique and estimate rate constants for electron attachment to electronically excited CH(4) and NO in a flowing afterglow plasma. It is shown that enhanced electron attachment to molecules in highly excited states populated via excitation transfer from rare gas metastables is responsible for the observed negative ion formation. Implications for plasma processing and plasma remediation discharges are also discussed. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Pinnaduwage, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM llp@ornl.gov NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 6 BP 3051 EP 3058 DI 10.1063/1.368459 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 119WQ UT WOS:000075921500008 ER PT J AU Joshi, RP Wood, RF AF Joshi, RP Wood, RF TI Molecular dynamics Monte Carlo simulations of grain boundary electron transport in n-silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARRIER TRANSPORT; SCHOTTKY CONTACTS; BARRIER HEIGHTS; EPITAXIAL NISI2; ZNO VARISTORS; SEMICONDUCTORS; INTERFACES; COPPER; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUCTUATIONS AB Electron transport in Si low-angle bicrystals is analyzed by a novel Monte Carlo molecular dynamics simulation scheme. The effect of discrete charges at the grain boundaries is studied and compared to results from one-dimensional treatments. The average grain boundary charge density strongly influences transport, and a field-dependent threshold effect is predicted. Details of the internal charge arrangement are shown to be quite important at low fields and/or high grain boundary charge densities. Substantial increases in current conduction are predicted at lower temperatures over the thermionic emission model. Finally, analyses of interacting grain boundaries indicate site-correlation effects and a strong dependence of conductivity on the separation distance. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Joshi, RP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rpj@sun.ee.odu.edu NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 6 BP 3197 EP 3206 DI 10.1063/1.368472 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 119WQ UT WOS:000075921500029 ER PT J AU Zhu, YM McCartney, MR AF Zhu, YM McCartney, MR TI Magnetic-domain structure of Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ND; FE; MICROSTRUCTURE; ANISOTROPY AB We report our studies of magnetic-domain structure in Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets using advanced transmission and scanning electron microscopy, including Lorentz imaging and electron holography. Domain-wall spacing D was measured as a function of thickness t for thin crystals, and also wall width of 90 degrees and 180 degrees domains; the domain-wall energies were calculated. Orientation and field dependence of the domain configuration and domain-wall behavior were examined in situ under different temperatures and applied fields. Characteristic magnetic structural features unique to corresponding bulk samples, such as reversed spike-domains and undulating domain boundaries, were also investigated. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 6 BP 3267 EP 3272 DI 10.1063/1.368515 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 119WQ UT WOS:000075921500040 ER PT J AU Hoover, WG AF Hoover, WG TI Liouville's theorems, Gibbs' entropy, and multifractal distributions for nonequilibrium steady states SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NON-HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS; STATIONARY STATES; DRIVEN SYSTEMS; IRREVERSIBILITY; DYNAMICS; ORIGIN AB Liouville's best-known theorem, (f) over dot({q,p},t) = 0, describes the incompressible flow of phase-space probability density, f({q,p},t). This incompressible-flow theorem follows directly from Hamilton's equations of motion. It applies to simulations of isolated systems composed of interacting particles, whether or not the particles are confined by a box potential. Provided that the particle-particle and particle-box collisions are sufficiently mixing, the long-time-averaged value [f] approaches, in a ''coarse-grained'' sense, Gibbs' equilibrium microcanonical probability density, f(eq), from which all equilibrium properties follow, according to Gibbs' statistical mechanics. All these ideas can be extended to many-body simulations of deterministic open systems with nonequilibrium boundary conditions incorporating heat transfer. Then Liouville's compressible phase-space-flow theorem-in the original (f) over dot not equal 0 form-applies. I illustrate and contrast Liouville's two theorems for two simple nonequilibrium systems, in each case considering both stationary and time-dependent cases. Gibbs' distributions for incompressible (equilibrium) flows are typically smooth. Surprisingly, the long-time-averaged phase-space distributions of nonequilibrium compressible-flow systems are instead singular and "multifractal." The nonequilibrium analog of Gibbs' entropy, S = - k[lnf], diverges, to - infinity, in such a case. Gibbs' classic remedy for such entropy errors was to "coarse-grain" the probability density-by averaging over finite cells of dimensions Pi Delta q Delta p. Such a coarse graining is effective for isolated systems approaching equilibrium, and leads to a unique entropy. Coarse graining is not as useful for deterministic open systems, constrained so as to describe stationary nonequilibrium states. Such systems have a Gibbs' entropy which depends, logarithmically, upon the grain size. The two Liouville's theorems, their applications to Gibbs' entropy, and to the grain-size dependence of that entropy, are clearly illustrated here with simple example problems. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hoover, WG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Hertz Hall, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 11 BP 4164 EP 4170 DI 10.1063/1.477022 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118LF UT WOS:000075839100005 ER PT J AU Sun, X Wang, HB Miller, WH AF Sun, X Wang, HB Miller, WH TI On the semiclassical description of quantum coherence in thermal rate constants SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; INITIAL-VALUE REPRESENTATION; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; RESONANT RAMAN-SPECTRA; CLASSICAL S-MATRIX; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; PROTON-TRANSFER; WIGNER APPROACH; REAL-TIME; SYSTEMS AB An earlier paper of ours [J. Chem. Phys. 108, 9726 (1998)] used an approximate (linearized) version of the semiclassical initial value representation (SC-IVR) to calculate reactive flux correlation functions for a model of unimolecular isomerization, namely a 1-d double well potential coupled to an infinite set of harmonic oscillators, obtaining excellent agreement with accurate quantum results for this system. Here we analyze this linearized approximation (LA) further, however, and show that it is not capable of describing quantum interference/coherence effects in the longer time recrossing behavior of the isomerization dynamics. (The recrossing effects seen in our earlier work were due to classical mechanics.) To accentuate quantum effects in the recrossing dynamics, the present article considers the double well potential without the harmonic bath, using both the LA and the full SC-IVR. The results of the calculations show that the flux correlation functions given by the LA agrees well with the exact quantum correlation function for times up to approximate to (h) over bar beta meaning that it describes quantum effects in the direct or transition state theory like dynamics accurately. For the longer time recrossing dynamics, however, it agrees with the classical rather than the quantum correlation function, i.e., it does not describe quantum coherence effects on this time scale. The full SC-IVR calculations, however, are in reasonably good agreement with the quantum correlation function for these longer times. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM miller@neon.cchem.b RI Wang, Haobin/E-1208-2011; Sun, Sean/C-6755-2009 OI Sun, Sean/0000-0002-9077-7088 NR 77 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 11 BP 4190 EP 4200 DI 10.1063/1.477025 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118LF UT WOS:000075839100008 ER PT J AU Bethardy, GA Northrup, FJ He, G Tokue, I Macdonald, RG AF Bethardy, GA Northrup, FJ He, G Tokue, I Macdonald, RG TI Initial vibrational level distribution of HCN[X-1 Sigma(+)(v(1)0v(3))] from the CN(X-2 Sigma(+))+H-2 -> HCN+H reaction SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; REACTION DYNAMICS; CN+H-2->HCN+H REACTION; INFRARED CHEMILUMINESCENCE; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; LASER-ABSORPTION; RATE CONSTANTS; DIPOLE-MOMENT; CN REACTIONS; HCN AB The reaction of the cyano radical (CN) with hydrogen was studied by time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy of individual rovibrational states of HCN. The initial vibrational level distribution of HCN(v(1)0v(3)) was determined by plotting the time dependence of the fractional population of a vibrational level and extrapolating these curves to the origin of time. The experiments were carried out at two temperatures, 293 and 324 K, with similar results. It was estimated that about 50% of the available reaction exothermicity was deposited as vibrational excitation of the HCN product. Surprisingly, the HCN(101) vibrational level received a significant fraction of the observed vibrational population, implying that the CN vibration was not really a spectator bond in the reaction dynamics. Furthermore, the observed HCN(v(1)0v(3)) vibrations only account for about 27% of the initial HCN population produced in the title reaction. A significant fraction of the product HCN molecules must have been produced with the bending mode excited, likely in combination with the H-C stretch vibrations. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bethardy, GA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 66 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 11 BP 4224 EP 4236 DI 10.1063/1.477028 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118LF UT WOS:000075839100011 ER PT J AU Batista, ER Xantheas, SS Jonsson, H AF Batista, ER Xantheas, SS Jonsson, H TI Molecular multipole moments of water molecules in ice Ih SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We have used an induction model including dipole, dipole-quadrupole, quadrupole-quadrupole polarizability and first hyperpolarizability as well as fixed octopole and hexadecapole moments to study the electric field in ice. The self-consistent induction calculations gave an average total dipole moment of 3.09 D, a 67% increase over the dipole moment of an isolated water molecule. A previous, more approximate induction model study by Coulson and Eisenberg [Proc. R. Sec. Lend. A 291, 445 (1966)] suggested a significantly smaller average value of 2.6 D. This value has been used extensively in recent years as a reference point in the development of various polarizable interaction potentials for water as well as for assessment of the convergence of water cluster properties to those of bulk. The reason for this difference is not due to approximations made in the computational scheme of Coulson and Eisenberg but rather due to the use of less accurate values for the molecular multipoles in these earlier calculations. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Xantheas, SS (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,906 Battelle Blvd,MS K1-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sotiris.xantheas@pnl.gov RI Jonsson, Hannes/G-2267-2013; Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Jonsson, Hannes/0000-0001-8285-5421; Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 NR 19 TC 146 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 11 BP 4546 EP 4551 DI 10.1063/1.477058 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118LF UT WOS:000075839100045 ER PT J AU Mashl, RJ Gronbech-Jensen, N AF Mashl, RJ Gronbech-Jensen, N TI Effective interactions between rigid polyelectrolytes and like-charged planar surfaces SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; DNA DOUBLE HELICES; HYPERNETTED-CHAIN APPROXIMATION; DOUBLE-LAYER INTERACTIONS; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYERS; SPHERICAL COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; INHOMOGENEOUS COULOMB FLUIDS; HEXAGONALLY ORIENTED DNA; PLASMID DNA AB We study the effective interaction between a planar array of uniformly negatively charged, stiff rods parallel to a negatively charged planar substrate in the absence of salt in a continuous, isotropic dielectric medium. Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we examine the general effects of counterion valence, rod spacing, macroion charge densities, and the rod size on the attractive rod-surface interaction force. At room temperature divalent as well as monovalent counterions mediate an interaction that can be repulsive or attractive upon adjusting either the macroion charge densities or the rod radius. Finally, we examine the effects of discretizing the surface charge as laterally mobile monovalent anions and of electrostatic images in the substrate. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mashl, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 90 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 11 BP 4617 EP 4623 DI 10.1063/1.477066 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118LF UT WOS:000075839100053 ER PT J AU Popovic, ND Cox, JA Johnson, DC AF Popovic, ND Cox, JA Johnson, DC TI Electrocatalytic function of Bi(V) sites in heavily-doped PbO2-film electrodes applied for anodic detection of selected sulfur compounds SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bi(V) sites; PbO2-film electrodes; anodic electrocatalytic response ID OXYGEN-TRANSFER REACTIONS; LEAD DIOXIDE ELECTRODES; FILM ELECTRODES; OXIDATION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; PURE AB The role of Bi(V) sites at the surfaces of Bi(V)-doped beta-PbO2 film electrodes is examined as it relates to electrocatalysis of the anodic O-transfer reactions of organic sulfur-containing compounds, with emphasis on cysteine, in acidic media. Contrary to earlier speculation, these sites are concluded not to decrease the overpotential for O-transfer reactions by decreasing the net overpotential for anodic discharge of H2O. The possibility of electron-transfer mediation by a surface-bound Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox couple also is rejected on the basis of the voltammetric response for cysteine at PbO2 electrodes doped with Al(III), a species that cannot possibly function as an electron-transfer mediator. Data obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy support the conclusion that the Bi(V) sites function for preadsorption of the reactant species in the anodic O-transfer mechanism. This conclusion is believed to be pertinent to the anodic response mechanisms of all organic sulfur compounds at Bi(V)-doped PbO2-film electrodes. The benefit of preadsorption is concluded to result from: (i) desolvation of reactant species, which minimizes the requirement for transfer of O-atoms by an improbable tunneling mechanism; and (ii) the increased residence time of reactant species at the electrode surface. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 455 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(98)00157-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 130JU UT WOS:000076517600019 ER PT J AU Raeder, CH Mitlin, D Messler, RW AF Raeder, CH Mitlin, D Messler, RW TI Modelling the creep rates of eutectic Bi-Sn solder using the data from its constitutive phases SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION; ALLOY AB Constitutive equations obtained from the creep behaviour of 99.9 wt % pure Bi and from Sn-10wt% Bi single-phase solid solution are applied in the continuum mechanics creep model of Tanaka et al. [1] to predict the creep behaviour of a eutectic Bi-42 wt % Sn alloy. At low stresses, Bi is the load bearing phase, while at high stresses, Sn-10 wt % Bi is the load bearing phase. The continuum mechanics creep model is able to predict the shape of the steady-state versus strain curves. However, the model predicts creep rates that are generally lower than the data. This inconsistency may be caused by a phase boundary sliding contribution to the creep rate, which is unaccounted for by the model. Creep tests done on Sn-42wt% Bi samples having various microstructural morphologies support this conclusion, where the more spheroidized microstructure creeps faster. (C) 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Adv Micro Devices Inc, Austin, TX USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12181 USA. RP Raeder, CH (reprint author), Adv Micro Devices Inc, Austin, TX USA. EM mitlin@uclink4.berkeley.edu RI Mitlin , David /M-5328-2016 OI Mitlin , David /0000-0002-7556-3575 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 33 IS 18 BP 4503 EP 4508 DI 10.1023/A:1004439931547 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 183GT UT WOS:000079546400004 ER PT J AU Ehlers, CL Havstad, J Prichard, D Theiler, J AF Ehlers, CL Havstad, J Prichard, D Theiler, J TI Low doses of ethanol reduce evidence for nonlinear structure in brain activity SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE EEG; ethanol; chaos; surrogate data; time series analysis ID LOW-DIMENSIONAL CHAOS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; EEG-ALPHA-ACTIVITY; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; SURROGATE-DATA; SLEEP-EEG; HUMAN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; DETERMINISTIC CHAOS; GENETIC VARIATIONS AB Recent theories of the effects of ethanol on the brain have focused on its direct actions on neuronal membrane proteins. However, neuromolecular mechanisms whereby ethanol produces its CNS effects in low doses typically used by social drinkers (e.g., 2-3 drinks, 10-25 mM, 0.05-0.125 gm/dl) remain less well understood. We propose the hypothesis that ethanol may act by introducing a level of randomness or "noise" in brain electrical activity. We investigated the hypothesis by applying a battery of tests originally developed for nonlinear time series analysis and chaos theory to EEG data collected from 32 men who had participated in an ethanol/placebo challenge protocol. Because nonlinearity is a prerequisite for chaos and because we can detect nonlinearity more reliably than chaos, we concentrated on a series of measures that quantitated different aspects of nonlinearity. For each of these measures the method of surrogate data was used to assess the significance of evidence for nonlinear structure. Significant nonlinear structure was found in the EEG as evidenced by the measures of time asymmetry, determinism, and redundancy. In addition, the evidence for nonlinear structure in the placebo condition was found to be significantly greater than that for ethanol. Nonlinear measures, but not spectral measures, were found to correlate with a subject's overall feeling of intoxication. These findings are consistent with the notion that ethanol may act by introducing a level of randomness in neuronal processing as assessed by EEG nonlinear structure. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neuropharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Ctr Adapt Syst Applicat, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Ehlers, CL (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neuropharmacol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd,CVN-14, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000833]; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA00223, K05 AA000223, P60 AA006420]; PHS HHS [09652, 04620] NR 126 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 18 IS 18 BP 7474 EP 7486 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 119JR UT WOS:000075893000039 PM 9736666 ER PT J AU Amberger, HD Reddmann, H Unrecht, B Edelmann, ET Edelstein, NM AF Amberger, HD Reddmann, H Unrecht, B Edelmann, ET Edelstein, NM TI Electron structure of organometal complexes of f-elements. 47. On the elucidation of electron structure of eta(3)-allyl compounds of lanthanides using the crystal field parameters of heteroallyl complexes SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA German DT Article ID STEREOSPECIFIC BUTADIENE POLYMERIZATION; SPLITTING PATTERN; ETA(5)-CYCLOPENTADIENYL LIGAND; STRENGTH; SIMULATION; CATALYSIS; IONS AB The absorption spectra of heteroallylic tris(N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4-methoxybenzamidinato)neodymium(III) (1) have been measured at room and low temperatures. From the spectra obtained, a truncated crystal held (CF) splitting pattern is derived, and simulated by fitting the free parameters of an empirical Hamiltonian. For 77 assignments an r.m.s. deviation of 33 cm(-1) is achieved. The parameters derived allow the construction of experimentally-based non-relativistic and relativistic molecular orbital schemes in the f-range. Making use of the calculated wavefunctions and the experimental CF energies of the ground manifold I-4(9/2), the experimentally determined temperature dependence of mu(eff)(2) could be reproduced. Compound 1 models the trigonal planar moiety of polymer pseudo trigonal-bipyramidal (eta(3)-C3H5)(3)Nd(mu-C4H8O2)(2/2) (2) to a certain extent. On the basis of the optical analysis of 1, selected absorption transitions of 2 and model calculations in the framework of the angular overlap model, the CF parameters B-0(2) and B-0(4) of 2 are estimated. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Anorgan & Angew Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Magdeburg, Inst Chem, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amberger, HD (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Anorgan & Angew Chem, Martin Luther King Pl 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 566 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0022-328X(98)00586-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 118XQ UT WOS:000075866600015 ER PT J AU Filley, J Ibrahim, MA Nimlos, MR Watt, AS Blake, DM AF Filley, J Ibrahim, MA Nimlos, MR Watt, AS Blake, DM TI Magnesium and calcium chelation by a bis-spiropyran SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE spiropyran; magnesium; calcium; chelation; kinetics; fluorescence ID METAL-IONS; SPIRONAPHTHOXAZINES; SPIROBENZOPYRANS AB A bis-benzospiropyranindoline was prepared by a simple two-step procedure. The magnesium and calcium chelating ability of this photochromic spiropyran was investigated and compared to simple mono-spiropyrans. Kinetic binding constants were measured. Moderately strong metal binding occurs in acetone solution (K=40000 M-1 for Mg, K=13000 M-1 for Ca) when the bis-spiropyran is irradiated with light at 365 nm. This binding is eight times higher than the binding of the mono-spiropyrans studied. The color of the merocyanine form of the bis-spiropyran (lambda(max)=548 nm) is strongly influenced by the metal, blue-shifting the maximum absorbance 43 nm (Mg) and 22 nm (Ca). Strong fluorescence is observed when the bis-spiropyran complexed to either metal is irradiated at 365 nm, with emission maxima of 586 nm (Mg) and 606 nm (Ca). The strength of the binding is inversely correlated to the unimolecular decomposition rate constant of the spiropyran-metal complex. The fluorescence emission maxima become increasingly blue-shifted as the strength of the binding increases. The fluorescence is compared to the metal-free spiropyran, as well as to simple mono-spiropyrans coordinated to calcium. The mechanism of decoloration of the bis-spiropyran with and without metals present is discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Filley, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM filleyj@tcplink.nrel.gov NR 13 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 117 IS 3 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S1010-6030(98)00346-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 136AN UT WOS:000076835600005 ER PT J AU Dabestani, R Reszka, KJ Sigman, ME AF Dabestani, R Reszka, KJ Sigman, ME TI Surface catalyzed electron transfer from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to methyl viologen dication: evidence for ground-state charge transfer complex formation on silica gel SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; methyl viologen dication; electron transfer ID PHOTOREDUCTION YIELD; RADICAL-CATION; SPIN-RESONANCE; CHAIN-LENGTH; ION RADICALS; DRY SILICA; METHYLVIOLOGEN; ALKYLMETHYLVIOLOGENS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; VESICLES AB Porous silica surfaces are shown to slowly catalyze the oxidation of adsorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to the corresponding radical cation via Lewis acid sites present on the surface. When a good electron acceptor such as methyl viologen dication (MV++) is co-adsorbed on silica surface, a red-shifted structureless absorption band characteristic of a ground-state charge transfer (CT) complex formed between the PAH and MV++ is observed. Oxygen efficiently competes with MV++ for the trapped electrons on the active sites of silica surface causing a significant decrease in the concentration of ground-state CT complex. The rate of this electron transfer process is enhanced dramatically at the solid/liquid interface when solution of PAH in a non-polar solvent is added to dry silica containing adsorbed MV++. Room temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of PAHs adsorbed on silica show a broad unresolved signal (g=2.0031-2.0045) due to PAH(+); radical cation which disappears in the presence of air but can be restored upon evacuation of the sample. The EPR measurements of mixed samples containing PAH and MV++ co-adsorbed on silica show a composite signal with hyperfine structure that may be due to presence of two paramagnetic species corresponding to MV++ and possibly PAH radical cation. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Dabestani, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008,MS-6100, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 42 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 117 IS 3 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S1010-6030(98)00327-X PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 136AN UT WOS:000076835600009 ER PT J AU Wang, JG Zhang, LC Chen, GL Ye, HQ AF Wang, JG Zhang, LC Chen, GL Ye, HQ TI TEM observations of mechanical twins in a hot-deformed Ti-45Al-10Nb alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE intermetallic compounds; TiAl alloys; mechanical twinning; TEM ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INTERFACIAL BOUNDARIES; DEFORMATION TWINS; INTERSECTIONS; TEMPERATURES; PROPAGATION; ALUMINIDES; TI AB Two types of {111} [11 (2) over bar] twins in a hot-deformed Ti-45Al-10Nb alloy were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM). Type P ((111) [11 (2) over bar]) twins can be formed either through dislocation mechanisms or at grain boundary. The former can be further described by two mechanisms. One is the pole mechanism and the other is the dissociation of a perfect dislocation mechanism. For the formation of twins at the grain boundary, twins can be nucleated by bowing out of twinning dislocations at the grain boundary and propagated by the sequential emission of twinning dislocations on every adjacent twinning plane. 1/3[111] Frank partial dislocations can be observed at steps on the incoherent twin boundary of some twins. A mechanism has been proposed to illustrate the propagation of the twins with or without 1/3[111] Frank partials at the steps on the incoherent twin boundary. Type Q (((1) over bar 11)[(1) over bar 1 (2) over bar]) twins usually formed at the lamellar interfaces. The steps on these lamellar interfaces are the common sites for the nucleation of type Q twins. Deformation twinning in lamellar TiAl alloys was suggested as a stress relaxation process for the pile-up of interfacial dislocations. Possible dislocation mechanisms for the generation of twinning dislocations on the lamellar interface are discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Acad Sinica, Inst Met Res, Atom Imaging Solids Lab, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. RP Wang, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-370, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 252 IS 2 BP 222 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00673-X PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 114VC UT WOS:000075629000009 ER PT J AU Lane, SM Biner, SB Buck, O AF Lane, SM Biner, SB Buck, O TI Room temperature fracture and high temperature creep characteristics of 20 vol.% Nb particulate reinforced alumina (vol A246, pg 244, 1998) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Correction C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 252 IS 2 BP 307 EP 307 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 114VC UT WOS:000075629000019 ER PT J AU Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W AF Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W TI Theoretical aspects of science with radioactive nuclear beams SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE effective interactions; nuclear many-body problem; particle continuum; shell structure; drip lines; deformations ID DRIP-LINE NUCLEI; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; SELF-CONSISTENT THEORY; MEAN-FIELD DESCRIPTION; CONTINUUM SHELL-MODEL; PROTON-RICH NUCLEI; DOUBLE-BETA DECAY; NEUTRON HALO; ISOTOPE SHIFTS AB Physics of radioactive nuclear beams is one of the main frontiers of nuclear science today. Experimentally, thanks to technological developments, we are on the verge of invading the territory of extreme N/Z ratios in an unprecedented way. Theoretically, nuclear exotica represent a formidable challenge for the nuclear many-body theories and their power to predict nuclear properties in nuclear terra incognita. It is important to remember that the lesson learned by going to the Limits of the nuclear binding is also important for 'normal' nuclei from the neighbourhood of the beta stability valley. And, of course, radioactive nuclei are crucial astrophysically; they pave the highway along which the nuclear material is transported up in the proton and neutron numbers during the complicated synthesis process in stars. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 167 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 356 IS 1744 BP 2007 EP 2031 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 124MD UT WOS:000076185400004 ER PT J AU Williamson, AJ Zunger, A AF Williamson, AJ Zunger, A TI Effect of interfacial states on the binding energies of electrons and holes in InAs/GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The interface between an InAs quantum dot and its GaAs cap in "self-assembled" nanostructures is nonhomogeneously strained. We show that this strain can lead to localization of a GaAs-derived X-1c-type interfacial electron state. As hydrostatic pressure is applied, this state in the GaAs barrier turns into the conduction-band minimum of the InAs/GaAs dot system. Strain splits the degeneracy of this XI, state and is predicted to cause electrons to localize in the GaAs barrier above the pyramidal tip. Calculation (present work) or measurement (Itskevich et al.) of the emission energy from this state to the hole state can provide the hole binding energy, Delta(dot)((h)). Combining this with the zero-pressure electron-hole recombination energy gives the electron binding energy, Delta(dot)((e)). Our calculations show Delta(dot)((h))similar to 270 meV (weakly pressure dependent) and Delta(dot)((e)) similar to 100meV at P=0. The measured values are Delta(dot)((h))similar to 235 meV (weakly pressure dependent) and Delta(dot)((e)) similar to 50 meV at P = 0. We examine the discrepancy between these values in the light of wave-function localization and the pressure dependence of the hole binding energy. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Williamson, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 14 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 11 BP 6724 EP 6727 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.6724 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 122EK UT WOS:000076058800014 ER PT J AU Sigalas, MM Biswas, R Ho, KM Soukoulis, CM AF Sigalas, MM Biswas, R Ho, KM Soukoulis, CM TI Theoretical investigation of off-plane propagation of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional photonic crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP MATERIALS; SILICON; LATTICE AB We study the transmission of electromagnetic waves propagating in two-dimensional photonic crystals having triangular structure. The transmission,has been calculated using the transfer matrix method. We find that for dielectric constant ratios higher than 12.25, there is a full photonic band gap for;both polarizations and for out-of-plane incident angle as high as 85 degrees. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Microelect Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sigalas, MM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 11 BP 6791 EP 6794 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.6791 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 122EK UT WOS:000076058800031 ER PT J AU Bonca, J Gubernatis, JE AF Bonca, J Gubernatis, JE TI Effects of doping on spin correlations in the periodic Anderson model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERMION GROUND-STATES; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; HUBBARD-MODEL; SIMULATIONS; LATTICE AB We studied the effects of hole doping on spin correlations in the two-dimensional periodic Anderson model, mainly at the full and three-quarters-full lower bands cases. In the full lower band case, strong antiferromagnetic correlations develop when the on-site repulsive interaction strength U becomes comparable to the quasiparticle bandwidth. In the three-quarters full case, a kind of spin correlation develops that is consistent with the resonance between a (pi,0) and a (0, pi) spin-density wave. In this state the spins on different sublattices appear uncorrelated. Hole doping away from the completely full case rapidly destroys the long-range antiferromagnetic correlations, in a manner reminiscent of the destruction of antiferromagnetism in the Hubbard model. In contrast to the Hubbard model, the doping does not shift the peak in the magnetic structure factor from the ( pi, pi) position. At dopings intermediate to the full and three-quarters full cases, only weak spin correlations exist. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, FMF, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bonca, J (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, FMF, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 11 BP 6992 EP 7001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.6992 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 122EK UT WOS:000076058800050 ER PT J AU Merkulov, VI Lannin, JS AF Merkulov, VI Lannin, JS TI Variations in atomic structure of liquid bismuth clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MELTING TEMPERATURE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SEMIMETALS; FILMS; GE; BI AB A large number of elemental and compound semiconductors in bulk form become metallic upon melting due to changes in the local atomic structure occurring in the transition from the solid to the liquid state. We report studies of the vibrational properties of liquid Bi clusters that suggest that for the smaller sizes this atomic structure transition does not occur. Using interference enhanced Raman spectroscopy, in situ studies of bismuth ultrathin films, supported on weakly interacting carbon substrates, have been performed. Changes in the vibrational spectra with liquid cluster size have been correlated with ex situ transmission electron microscopy to estimate a critical size below which densification of the structure does not occur. For various models this yields clusters of diameter in the range of similar to 45-75 Angstrom. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, MS-6056, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 11 BP 7373 EP 7376 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.7373 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 122EK UT WOS:000076058800096 ER PT J AU Waldfried, C McAvoy, T Welipitiya, D Komesu, T Dowben, PA Vescovo, E AF Waldfried, C McAvoy, T Welipitiya, D Komesu, T Dowben, PA Vescovo, E TI Wave-vector-dependent exchange splitting in a local moment system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-POLARIZED PHOTOEMISSION; RESOLVED INVERSE PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BULK CURIE-TEMPERATURE; SECONDARY ELECTRONS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GD(0001) SURFACE; BAND-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM-WELL; HUBBARD-U AB The electronic structure of strained thin films of Gd has been studied with spin- and angle-resolved photoemission and spin-polarized inverse photoemission. The spin-dependent electronic structure is dominated by a very distinct k dependence of the exchange splitting. The surface magnetic structure is observed to be different from that of the bulk, as indicated by the different electronic structure and a much higher surface Curie temperature. The 4% strain within the Gd films results in an enhanced Curie temperature. C1 Univ Nebraska, Behlen Lab Phys, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Behlen Lab Phys, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Behlen Lab Phys, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM pdowben@unlinfo.unl.edu NR 68 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 11 BP 7434 EP 7442 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.7434 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 122EK UT WOS:000076058800105 ER PT J AU Honold, MM Harrison, N Nam, MS Singleton, J Mielke, CH Kurmoo, M Day, P AF Honold, MM Harrison, N Nam, MS Singleton, J Mielke, CH Kurmoo, M Day, P TI Magnetic breakdown in the organic conductor alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)KNg(SCN)(4) in magnetic fields of up to 60 T SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE STATE; FERMI-SURFACE; QUANTUM OSCILLATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHASE; (BEDT-TTF)(2)MHG(SCN)(4); MAGNETOTRANSPORT; INTERFERENCE; INTERPLAY AB de Haas-van Alphen experiments on alpha- (BEDT-TTF)(2)KHg(SCN)(4) in fields of up to 60 T reveal oscillations of the beta frequency, a clear indication of magnetic breakdown at fields well above the kink transition. A study of the amplitude of the oscillations shows that the gap between the quasi-one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional Fermi-surface sheets is significantly smaller than predicted by band-structure calculations. We consider the implications for the spin-density-wave nesting and the quantum Hall effect. [S0163-1829(98)03735-7]. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. UCL Royal Inst Great Britain, London W1X 4BS, England. RP Honold, MM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Mielke, Charles/S-6827-2016 OI Mielke, Charles/0000-0002-2096-5411 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 12 BP 7560 EP 7564 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.7560 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 123ND UT WOS:000076130500022 ER PT J AU Ankudinov, AL Ravel, B Rehr, JJ Conradson, SD AF Ankudinov, AL Ravel, B Rehr, JJ Conradson, SD TI Real-space multiple-scattering calculation and interpretation of x-ray-absorption near-edge structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; K-EDGES; SPECTRA; TEMPERATURE; CLUSTERS; LA2-XSRXCUO4; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITION; MOLECULES AB A self-consistent real-space multiple-scattering (RSMS) approach for calculations of x-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES) is presented and implemented in an ab initio code applicable to arbitrary aperiodic or periodic systems. This approach yields a quantitative interpretation of XANES based on simultaneous, self-consistent-field (SCF) calculations of local electronic structure and x-ray absorption spectra, which include full multiple scattering from atoms within a small cluster and the contributions of high-order MS from scatterers outside that cluster. In addition, the code includes a SCF estimate of the Fermi energy and an account of orbital occupancy and charge transfer. We also present a qualitative, scattering-theoretic interpretation of XANES. Sample applications are presented for cubic BN, UF6, Pu hydrates, and distorted PbTiO3. Limitations and various extensions are also discussed. [S0163-1829(98)03736-9]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ankudinov, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 53 TC 3123 Z9 3151 U1 32 U2 270 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 12 BP 7565 EP 7576 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.7565 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 123ND UT WOS:000076130500023 ER PT J AU Klimov, VI McBranch, DW Barashkov, N Ferraris, J AF Klimov, VI McBranch, DW Barashkov, N Ferraris, J TI Biexcitons in pi-conjugated oligomers: Intensity-dependent femtosecond transient-absorption study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED-EMISSION; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; EXCITONIC MOLECULE; EXCITED-STATES; THIN-FILMS; POLY(P-PHENYLENEVINYLENE); DYNAMICS; RELAXATION; PHOTOEXCITATIONS; LUMINESCENCE AB We report femtosecond transient-absorption (TA) studies of a five-ring oligomer of poly(para-phenylene vinylene) prepared in two different forms: solid-state films and dilute solutions. At high pump fluences, in both types of samples. we observe generation of two-exciton states, which art: detected by the evolution of TA spectra and dynamics with increasing pump intensity. In solutions, double excitation of molecules results in the formation of stable biexcitons with enhanced oscillator strength, leading to an increased efficiency of the radiative decay and a superlinear pump dependence of the stimulated emission. In solid-state samples, the two-exciton states are unstable and decay on the subpicosecond time scale due to ultrafast charge transfer, accompanied by generation of interchain excitons. [S0163-1829(98)03336-0]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, CST-6,Mail Stop J585, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 53 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 12 BP 7654 EP 7662 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.7654 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 123ND UT WOS:000076130500033 ER PT J AU Ciftja, O Fantoni, S AF Ciftja, O Fantoni, S TI Fermi-hypernetted-chain study of unprojected wave functions to describe the half-filled state of the fractional quantum Hall effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LANDAU-LEVEL; SYSTEMS AB The Fermi hypernetted-chain theory is applied to study the half-filled state of the fractional quantum Hall effect in the thermodynamic limit. We study in detail the radial distribution function, the correlation energy, and the quasiparticle-quasihole excitation spectrum of an unprojected Fermi wave function of the form psi(nu=1/2)(Fermi)=IIj 75 mg/kg) produced progressive decreases in serum glucose and glycogen deposition in the liver. Since the blood levels of DCA produced by these higher i.p. doses were significantly higher than observed with drinking water treatment, we conclude that apparent differences with data of previous investigations is related to substantial differences in systemic dose and/or dose-time relations. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Pharm, Pharmacol Toxicol Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bull, RJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, P7-56,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Orner, Gayle/F-6876-2013 OI Orner, Gayle/0000-0002-4812-5297 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01-ESO4648] NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 130 IS 2-3 BP 141 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(98)00106-1 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 144ZV UT WOS:000077347100006 PM 9865481 ER PT J AU Eberling, JL Jagust, WJ Taylor, S Bringas, J Pivirotto, P VanBrocklin, HF Bankiewicz, KS AF Eberling, JL Jagust, WJ Taylor, S Bringas, J Pivirotto, P VanBrocklin, HF Bankiewicz, KS TI A novel MPTP primate model of Parkinson's disease: Neurochemical and clinical changes SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; MPTP; monkey; PET; dopamine; FMT ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE MPTP; TREATED MONKEYS; METABOLISM; INFUSION AB Positron emission tomography (PET) and the dopamine (DA) metabolism tracer, [F-18]6-fluoro-L-m-tyrosine (FMT) were used to evaluate the relationship between DA metabolism and the clinical stage of parkinsonism monkeys following either unilateral ICA MPTP infusion or unilateral ICA MPTP infusion and subsequent varying sequential systemic doses of MPTP. Clinical stage corresponded to PET measures of striatal DA metabolism, showing the usefulness of the overlesioned hemiparkinsonian monkey as a stable model of various stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Martinez VA Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. CroMedica, Orinda, CA USA. RP Eberling, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, 1 Cyclotron Rd,55-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 805 IS 1-2 BP 259 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00710-0 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 124NE UT WOS:000076188000025 PM 9733979 ER PT J AU Heid, R Bohnen, KP Felix, K Ho, KM Reichardt, W AF Heid, R Bohnen, KP Felix, K Ho, KM Reichardt, W TI Ab initio phonon dynamics of iridium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID FCC TRANSITION-METALS; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; LINEAR-RESPONSE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SOLIDS; STATE AB We present an investigation of the phonon spectrum of the transition metal iridium within the framework of a first-principles pseudopotential mixed-basis method. The full phonon spectrum is determined by means of a real-space approach, which involves only supercell force calculations. Pronounced anomalies are predicted for the [110] direction, which are similar to the ones observed for rhodium. First results of an inelastic neutron scattering investigation of the phonon dispersions are in very good agreement with the ab initio calculations and confirm the predicted anomalies. We present all interatomic force constants up to the 12th-nearest-neighbour shell obtained by a least-squares fit to supercell force constants of four different supercells. Theoretical phonon densities of states and elastic constants are compared with experimental data. C1 Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Heid, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Nothnitzer Str 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 36 BP 7967 EP 7973 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/10/36/007 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 123UL UT WOS:000076143300007 ER PT J AU Wildes, AR Cowley, RA Ward, RCC Wells, MR Jansen, C Wireen, L Hill, JP AF Wildes, AR Cowley, RA Ward, RCC Wells, MR Jansen, C Wireen, L Hill, JP TI The structure of epitaxially grown thin films: a study of niobium on sapphire SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Letter ID MISFIT DISLOCATIONS; STRAIN AB The x-ray scattering from epitaxially grown films of niobium on sapphire has been measured as the thickness of niobium was varied. For thicknesses d larger than 80 Angstrom, the mean square displacements perpendicular to the growth planes increase as d(x) where x = 0.68 +/- 0.08, and the correlation length for these displacements increases as d(y) with y = 0.51 +/- 0.05. A model is put forward to account for these results in terms of the strains when the film thickness is larger than the distance between the misfit dislocations. C1 Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys, S-85183 Linkoping, Sweden. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Wildes, AR (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, BP 156X, F-38042 Grenoble, France. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 36 BP L631 EP L637 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/10/36/001 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 123UL UT WOS:000076143300001 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, DV AF Ahluwalia, DV TI On reconciling atmospheric, LSND, and solar neutrino-oscillation data SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR-POWER-REACTOR; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; MATTER; SEARCH; RANGE; SPECTROSCOPY; FRAMEWORK; VIOLATION; MASS AB The LIE-flatness of the e-like events observed in the recent atmospheric-neutrino data from super-Kamiokande (SuperK) is interpreted to reflect a new symmetry of the neutrino-oscillation mixing matrix. From that we obtain an analytical set of constraints yielding a class of mixing matrices of the property to simultaneously fit both the SuperK and the LSND data. The resulting mass squared difference relevant for the LSND experiment is found as 0.3 eV(2). The discussed symmetry, e.g., carries the nature that expectation values of masses for nu(mu) and nu(tau) are identical. These considerations are purely data dictated. A different framework is then applied to the solar neutrino problem. It is argued that a single sterile neutrino is an unlikely candidate to accommodate the data from the four solar neutrino experiments. A scenario is discussed which violates CPT symmetry, and favors the nu(e)-<(nu)over bar>(e) system to belong to the "self"-"anti-self" charge conjugate construct in the (1/2, 0)+(0, 1/2) representation space, where the needed helicity flipping amplitudes are preferred, rather than the usual Dirac, or Majorana, constructs. In the presented framework the emerging SuperK data on solar neutrino flux is reconciled with the Homestake, GALLEX, and SAGE experiments. This happens because the former detects not only the solar nu(e) but also, at a lower cross-section, the oscillated solar <(nu)over bar>(e); while the latter are sensitive only to the oscillation-diminished solar nu(e) flux. A direct observation of solar (v) over bar(e) by SNO will confirm our scenario. Finally, we consider the possibility for flavor-dependent gravitational couplings of neutrinos as emerging out of the noncommutativity of the quantum operators associated with the measurements of energy and flavor. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P25, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Aut Zacatecas, Escula Fis, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P25, Mail Stop H-846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 45 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 EI 1793-6632 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 13 IS 28 BP 2249 EP 2264 DI 10.1142/S0217732398002400 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 128TJ UT WOS:000076422300001 ER PT J AU Chang, SH Coriano, C Field, RD AF Chang, SH Coriano, C Field, RD TI Drell-Yan non-singlet spin cross sections and spin asymmetry to O(alpha(2)(s)) (II) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE Drell-Yan; polarization; perturbative QCD ID PHOTON PRODUCTION; LEADING-ORDER; QCD AB We present predictions for the non-singlet Drell-Yan longitudinal spin cross sections and spin asymmetry, A(LL), in proton-proton collisions at large p(T) at the RHIC energy of 200 GeV at next-to-leading order QCD, The higher order corrections to the non-singlet polarized cross section, sigma(NS)(LL), are sizeable and similar to those found for the unpolarized cross section. The non-singlet asymmetry parameter, A(LL)(NS), is very stable against higher order corrections and is a direct measurement of the non-singlet (i.e., valence) polarized quark distributions within the proton. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Inst Fundamental Theory, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chang, SH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Inst Fundamental Theory, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 528 IS 1-2 BP 285 EP 302 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00324-1 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 121MR UT WOS:000076018100017 ER PT J AU Colston, BW Sathyam, US DaSilva, LB Everett, MJ Stroeve, P Otis, LL AF Colston, BW Sathyam, US DaSilva, LB Everett, MJ Stroeve, P Otis, LL TI Dental OCT SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AB We present here the first in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of human dental tissue. A novel dental optical coherence tomography system has been developed. This system incorporates the interferometer sample arm and transverse scanning optics into a handpiece that can be used intraorally to image human dental tissues. The average imaging depth of this system varied from 3 mm in hard tissues to 1.5 mm in soft tissues. We discuss the application of this imaging system for dentistry and illustrate the potential of our dental OCT system for diagnosis of periodontal disease, detection of caries, and evaluation of dental restorations. (C)1998 Optical Society of America C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Sch Dent Med, Dept Oral Diag, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Colston, BW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, 7000 East Ave,L-399, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 3 IS 6 BP 230 EP 238 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 123LU UT WOS:000076127300005 PM 19384365 ER PT J AU Aharonov, Y Reznik, B Stern, A AF Aharonov, Y Reznik, B Stern, A TI Quantum limitations on superluminal propagation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Unstable systems such as media with inverted atomic population have been shown to allow the propagation of analytic wave packets with group velocity faster than that of light, without violating causality. We illuminate the important role played by unstable modes in this propagation and show that the quantum fluctuations of these modes and their unitary time evolution impose severe restrictions on the observation of superluminal phenomena. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Aharonov, Y (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 8 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2190 EP 2193 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2190 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300002 ER PT J AU Vance, SE Csorgo, T Kharzeev, D AF Vance, SE Csorgo, T Kharzeev, D TI Observation of partial U-A(1) restoration from two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GOLDSTONE BOSON; FINITE SYSTEMS; LARGE HALO; INTERFEROMETRY; U(1) AB The effective intercept parameter of the two-pion Bose-Einstein correlation function, lambda(*), is found to be sensitive to the partial restoration of U-A(1) symmetry in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions. An increase in the yield of the eta' meson, proposed earlier as a signal of partial UA(1) restoration, is shown to create a "hole" in the low p(t) region of lambda(*). A comparison with NA44 data and central S + Pb collisions at 200A GeV is made, and implications for future heavy ion experiments are discussed. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. MTA KFKI RMKI, H-1525 Budapest 144, Hungary. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vance, SE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2205 EP 2208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300006 ER PT J AU Davids, B Anthony, DW Austin, SM Bazin, D Blank, B Caggiano, JA Chartier, M Esbensen, H Hui, P Powell, CF Scheit, H Sherrill, BM Steiner, M Thirolf, P Yurkon, J Zeller, A AF Davids, B Anthony, DW Austin, SM Bazin, D Blank, B Caggiano, JA Chartier, M Esbensen, H Hui, P Powell, CF Scheit, H Sherrill, BM Steiner, M Thirolf, P Yurkon, J Zeller, A TI Measurement of e2 transitions in the Coulomb dissociation of B-8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW ENERGIES; BE-7(P,GAMMA)B-8 REACTION AB In an effort to understand the implications of Coulomb dissociation experiments for the determination of the Be-7(p, gamma)B-8 reaction rate, longitudinal momentum distributions of 7Be fragments produced in the Coulomb dissociation of 44 and 81 MeV/nucleon B-8 beams on a Ph target were measured. These distributions are characterized by asymmetries interpreted as the result of interference between E1 and E2 transition amplitudes in the Coulomb breakup. When interpreted in the context of a first order perturbation theory of Coulomb dissociation that assumes a single particle B-8 structure model, this measurement yields S-E2/S-E1 = 6.7(-1.9)(+2.8) x 10(-4) at a fragment relative kinetic energy of 0.6 MeV. C1 Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Munchen, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Davids, B (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Sherrill, Bradley/B-4098-2009; Sherrill, Bradley/B-3378-2011; Scheit, Heiko/B-4779-2008 OI Scheit, Heiko/0000-0002-8937-1101 NR 26 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2209 EP 2212 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2209 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300007 ER PT J AU Vorobieff, P Rightley, PM Benjamin, RF AF Vorobieff, P Rightley, PM Benjamin, RF TI Power-law spectra of incipient gas-curtain turbulence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; THIN FLUID LAYER; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; GROWTH; PLANE AB We investigate the evolution of a thin curtain of heavy gas (SF6) embedded in a lighter gas (air) and accelerated with a Mach 1.2 planar shock wave. The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability leads to growth of the initial perturbations of the curtain and eventually to transition to turbulence. We visualize a time sequence of images of a section of the flow illuminated with a laser sheet. The SF6 is premixed with tracer (glycol fog), so the intensity of the light scattered off the curtain grows with the local density. As the curtain evolves towards a fully mixed state, real-space correlations of the density, inferred from scattered light intensity, show the emergence of a power-law behavior, indicative of transition to turbulence. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vorobieff, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Vorobieff, Peter/B-3376-2011; OI Vorobieff, Peter/0000-0003-0631-7263 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2240 EP 2243 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2240 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300015 ER PT J AU Wharton, KB Kirkwood, RK Glenzer, SH Estabrook, KG Afeyan, BB Cohen, BI Moody, JD Joshi, C AF Wharton, KB Kirkwood, RK Glenzer, SH Estabrook, KG Afeyan, BB Cohen, BI Moody, JD Joshi, C TI Observation of energy transfer between identical-frequency laser beams in a flowing plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB We report enhanced transmission of a low intensity laser beam when crossed with an identical-frequency beam in a plasma with a flow velocity near the ion sound speed. The time history of the enhancement and the dependence on the flow velocity strongly suggest that this is due to energy transfer between the beams via a resonant ion wave with zero frequency in the laboratory frame. The maximum energy transfer has been observed when the beams cross in a region with Mach-1 flow. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Polymath Associates, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Wharton, KB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2248 EP 2251 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2248 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300017 ER PT J AU Fernandez, JC Bauer, BS Bradley, KS Cobble, JA Montgomery, DS Watt, RG Bezzerides, B Estabrook, KG Focia, R Goldman, SR Harris, DB Lindman, EL Rose, HA Wallace, J Wilde, BH AF Fernandez, JC Bauer, BS Bradley, KS Cobble, JA Montgomery, DS Watt, RG Bezzerides, B Estabrook, KG Focia, R Goldman, SR Harris, DB Lindman, EL Rose, HA Wallace, J Wilde, BH TI Increased saturated levels of stimulated brillouin scattering of a laser by seeding a plasma with an external light source SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; BEAM DEFLECTION; FACILITY; IGNITION; FLOW; SUPPRESSION AB The reflectivity of laser light due to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) from long-scale plasmas normally saturates when the laser intensity is increased sufficiently. Nevertheless a significant increase in the SBS reflectivity back into the beam cone results from a subtle change in the target geometry, done for the purpose of seeding SBS. The key element is apparently the injection into the plasma of a modest external electromagnetic seed at a wavelength near that of the scattered light. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fernandez, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Montgomery, David/0000-0002-2355-6242 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2252 EP 2255 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2252 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300018 ER PT J AU Trenkler, J Chow, PC Wochner, P Abe, H Bassler, KE Paniago, R Reichert, H Scarfe, D Metzger, TH Peisl, J Bai, J Moss, SC AF Trenkler, J Chow, PC Wochner, P Abe, H Bassler, KE Paniago, R Reichert, H Scarfe, D Metzger, TH Peisl, J Bai, J Moss, SC TI Two length scales and crossover behavior in the critical diffuse scattering from V2H SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CRITICAL FLUCTUATIONS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SRTIO3; PHASE; DIFFRACTION; SYSTEMS; ORIGIN AB We have observed two length scales in a V2H crystal above the beta(1)-beta(2) phase transition. A sharp Lorentzian profile in the critical diffuse scattering was superimposed on a broader one for a low-energy x-ray experiment in reflection, while no sharp component appeared in transmission at high energy. For the sharp component, we extracted tricritical exponents v(1) and gamma(1) at small reduced temperatures t, where fluctuations are coherent over large distances. For larger t, where the correlation length is comparable to an effective defect size, there is a crossover to altered exponents. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Trenkler, J (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2276 EP 2279 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2276 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300024 ER PT J AU Qin, XR Liu, F Swartzentruber, BS Lagally, MG AF Qin, XR Liu, F Swartzentruber, BS Lagally, MG TI Modification of Si(100) substrate bonding by adsorbed Ge or Si dimer islands SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; BUCKLED DIMERS; AB-INITIO; SURFACE; SI(001); DIFFUSION; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; BINDING; STRESS AB High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the Si(100)-(2 x 1) surface show a heretofore unrecognized distortion of the substrate structure when islands form during the initial stage of growth of either Si or Ge. The distortion, reflecting the influence of strain, extends at least three dimers away from the adsorption sites. We present a realistic structural model. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Qin, XR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1509 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2288 EP 2291 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2288 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300027 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC Weitering, HH AF Erwin, SC Weitering, HH TI Theory of the "honeycomb chain-channel" reconstruction of M/Si(111)-(3x1) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL MODEL; SURFACES; PHOTOEMISSION AB First-principles electronic-structure methods are used to study a structural model for Ag/Si(111)-(3 x 1), recently proposed on the basis of transmission electron diffraction data. The fully relaxed geometry for this model is far more energetically favorable than any previously proposed, partly due to the unusual formation of a Si double bond in the surface layer. The calculated electronic properties of this model are in complete agreement with data from angle-resolved photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 15 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2296 EP 2299 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2296 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300029 ER PT J AU Rohlfing, M Louie, SG AF Rohlfing, M Louie, SG TI Electron-hole excitations in semiconductors and insulators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM; GAAS AB We present a new ab initio approach to calculate the interaction between electrons and holes in periodic crystals and to evaluate the resulting coupled electron-hole excitations. This involves a novel interpolation scheme in reciprocal space in solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the two-particle Green's function. We apply this approach to the calculation of the entire optical absorption spectrum, as well as of the energies and wave functions of bound exciton states in GaAs and LiF. Very good agreement with experiment is observed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rohlfing, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 333 Z9 335 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2312 EP 2315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2312 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300033 ER PT J AU Aselage, TL Emin, D McCready, SS Duncan, RV AF Aselage, TL Emin, D McCready, SS Duncan, RV TI Large enhancement of boron carbides' seebeck coefficients through vibrational softening SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIPOLARONS AB We report measurements of the Seebeck coefficients of boron carbides having compositions B12+xC3-x, 0.15 < x < 1.7, from 6 to 900 K. These Seebeck coefficients are large, approximate to 200 mu V/K at 300 K, despite boron carbides having high carrier densities, approximate to 10(21) cm(-3). The Seebeck coefficients also have unusual temperature dependencies and depend only weakly on carrier density. These exceptional properties can arise from boron carbides' bipolaronic holes substantially softening the vibrational modes with which they interact. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Aselage, TL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2316 EP 2319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2316 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300034 ER PT J AU Gorny, KR Vyaselev, OM Yu, S Pennington, CH Hults, WL Smith, JL AF Gorny, KR Vyaselev, OM Yu, S Pennington, CH Hults, WL Smith, JL TI Measurement of indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling frequencies in YBa2Cu3O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; RELAXATION RATE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NMR; STATE; DYNAMICS; LA2CUO4; SR2CUO3 AB We report a simple NMR experiment measuring individual Cu-63-Cu-63 indirect nuclear coupling frequencies in YBa2Cu3O7. We show that the coupling interaction at T = 5K is of quite short range, indicating an anitferromagnetic correlation length xi of similar to 1 lattice constant or less. C1 Chernogolovka Solid State Phys Inst, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gorny, KR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2340 EP 2343 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2340 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300040 ER PT J AU Tober, ED Palomares, FJ Ynzunza, RX Denecke, R Morais, J Wang, Z Bino, G Liesegang, J Hussain, Z Fadley, CS AF Tober, ED Palomares, FJ Ynzunza, RX Denecke, R Morais, J Wang, Z Bino, G Liesegang, J Hussain, Z Fadley, CS TI Observation of a ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition on a ferromagnetic surface using spin-polarized photoelectron diffraction: Gd(0001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; RARE-EARTH-METAL; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; PHOTOEMISSION; GD; RECONSTRUCTION; GADOLINIUM; MNO(001); BEHAVIOR; STATE AB The ferromagnetic system Gd(0001) has been studied by spin-polarized photoelectron diffraction, using the highly spin-polarized S-7 and S-9 multiplet peaks in Gd 4s and 5s spectra. Temperature-dependent spin asymmetries derived from the S-7-to-S-9 peak intensity ratios exhibit pronounced changes over a range of temperatures spanning both the bulk Curie temperature T-cb and a surface transition temperature T-cs that is found to be approximate to 85 K above T-ch The surface transition also appears to span several atomic layers. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tober, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Palomares, Francisco Javier/C-4605-2011; Morais, Jonder/E-5022-2013 OI Palomares, Francisco Javier/0000-0002-4768-2219; Morais, Jonder/0000-0002-4143-1208 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2360 EP 2363 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2360 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119LH UT WOS:000075897300045 ER PT J AU Hoover, WG Posch, HA AF Hoover, WG Posch, HA TI Multifractals from stochastic many-body molecular dynamics SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE fractals; nonequilibrium; simulation; time-reversible ID SYSTEMS; TRANSPORT; ENTROPY; ORIGIN; TIME; FLOW AB Nonequilibrium simulations with time-reversible thermostats provide multifractal phase-space structures. Alternative stochastic approaches to thermal boundaries would seem to rule out such fine-grained structures. Here we discuss the meaning of this difference and illustrate a possible resolution of it for a hybrid stochastic-and-deterministic version of the two-dimensional Galton board problem. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Expt Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Hoover, WG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 246 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(98)00466-6 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 119DD UT WOS:000075879500007 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JSB Blum, A Chalasani, P Vempala, S AF Mitchell, JSB Blum, A Chalasani, P Vempala, S TI A constant-factor approximation algorithm for the geometric k-MST problem in the plane SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE minimum spanning trees; k-MST; guillotine subdivisions; quota traveling salesman problem; prize-collecting salesman problem; bank robber (orienteering) problem; network optimization; computational geometry; dynamic programming; approximation algorithms polynomial ID TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM AB We show that any rectilinear polygonal subdivision in the plane can be converted into a "guillotine" subdivision whose length is at most twice that of the original subdivision. "Guillotine" subdivisions have a simple recursive structure that allows one to search for "optimal" such subdivisions in polynomial time, using dynamic programming. In particular, a consequence of our main theorem is a very simple proof that the k-MST problem in the plane has a constant-factor polynomial-time approximation algorithm: we obtain a factor of 2 (resp., 3) for the L-1 metric, and a factor of 2 root 2 (resp., 3.266) for the L-2 (Euclidean) metric in the case in which Steiner points are allowed (resp., not allowed). C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jsbm@ams.sunysb.edu; avrim@cs.cmu.edu; chal@lanl.gov; svempala@cs.cmu.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 EI 1095-7111 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PD SEP 14 PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 771 EP 781 DI 10.1137/S0097539796303299 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 119QQ UT WOS:000075909000001 ER PT J AU Hotter, JF Cuculo, JA Tucker, PA Annis, BK AF Hotter, JF Cuculo, JA Tucker, PA Annis, BK TI Effect of initial take-up speed on properties and structure of as-spun and drawn/heat-set poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE take-up speed; properties; structure; as-spun filaments; drawn heat-set filaments; poly(ethylene terephthalate) ID POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE) FIBERS; PET FIBERS; MODULUS AB The effect of initial take-up speed on the properties and structure of both as-spun and drawn/heat-set poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments was characterized through measurements of birefringence, percent crystallinity, tensile properties, high temperature shrinkage, loss tangent temperature dependence, DSC melting behavior, and wide-angle (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). While a steady trend toward improved as-spun filament orientation and tensile properties occurred with increasing initial take-up speed, the reduced drawability of these more structured precursor filaments resulted in corresponding drawn/heat-set filaments that were of relatively lower overall orientation and tensile strength. The observed trends in tenacity, initial modulus, and high temperature shrinkage of the drawn/heat-set filaments appeared to be well correlated with the extent and distribution of amorphous phase rigidity as perceived through inferences made from the loss tangent temperature dependence. The WAXS patterns of the drawn/heat-set samples indicated that these filaments all possess a well-developed and highly oriented crystalline structure. Application of a simple two phase model allowed the determination of an amorphous orientation factor, which for the drawn/heat-set filaments was generally found to decrease as the draw ratio imposed in order to achieve comparable levels of elongation to break decreased. The SAXS patterns of the drawn/heat-set filaments indicated that comparable long period spacings exist in all cases and that a transition from a four-point pattern to a two-point bar-shaped pattern occurred when the precursor filament possessed some significant amount of as-spun crystallinity. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hotter, JF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 12 PY 1998 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2115 EP 2131 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980912)69:11<2115::AID-APP3>3.0.CO;2-J PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 106CP UT WOS:000075112400003 ER PT J AU Froudakis, GE Fanourgakis, GS Farantos, SC Xantheas, SS AF Froudakis, GE Fanourgakis, GS Farantos, SC Xantheas, SS TI Binding energies and structures of C+Arn (n = 1-5), clusters from first principles SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ARGON; STABILITY; COMPLEX; NEON AB We report the minimum energy geometries, binding energies and vibrational spectra of the C+Arn (n = 1-5), clusters which were recently recorded in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The C+Ar3 cluster has a planar structure with two long and one short C-Ar bonds while the C+Ar4 cluster forms a square of D-4h symmetry with the carbon atom in the center. The observed drop in the incremental binding energy for the successive Ar atom addition from n = 2 to n = 3 and from n = 4 to n = 5 justifies the classification of the n = 2 and 4 as magic number clusters in the experimental mass spectrum. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Crete, Dept Chem, GR-71110 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, GR-71110 Iraklion, Greece. RP Froudakis, GE (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Chem, GR-71110 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. RI FARANTOS, STAVROS/H-5429-2011; Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015 OI FARANTOS, STAVROS/0000-0003-1909-7976; NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 11 PY 1998 VL 294 IS 1-3 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00844-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118WP UT WOS:000075864200017 ER PT J AU Chen, JM Liu, RS Kramer, MJ Dennis, KW McCallum, RW AF Chen, JM Liu, RS Kramer, MJ Dennis, KW McCallum, RW TI Soft X-ray absorption study of (Nd1.05-xPrx)Ba1.95Cu3O7 using synchrotron radiation SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-STATE PROPERTIES; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PAIR-BREAKING; SPECTROSCOPY; YBA2CU3O7; SYSTEMS; PR; SUPPRESSION; GD AB O K-edge and Cu L-23-edge X-ray-absorption spectra for the series of (Nd1.05-xPrx)Ba1.95Cu3O7 compounds with x = 0.0-0.5 were measured to investigate how the variation of hole states related to the superconductivity. Near the O 1s edge, the prepeaks at similar to 527.6 and similar to 528.3 eV are ascribed to transitions into O 2p hole states within the CuO3 ribbons and the CuO2 planes, respectively. As deduced from O 1s X-ray absorption spectra, the O2p hole concentrations in the CuO2 planes and the CuO3 ribbons decrease monotonically with increasing the Pr doping. The present results clearly demonstrate that the suppression of superconductivity upon substituting Pr into the (Nd1.05-xPrx)Ba1.95Cu3O7 system results predominantly from the hole depletion effect. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chen, JM (reprint author), SRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RI Liu, Ru-Shi/A-6796-2010 OI Liu, Ru-Shi/0000-0002-1291-9052 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 11 PY 1998 VL 294 IS 1-3 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00863-X PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118WP UT WOS:000075864200030 ER PT J AU Pyrlik, J Atiya, M Broemmelsiek, D Hamacher, T Ispiryan, M Korpar, S Krizan, P Lau, K Maas, P McGill, J Reeves, K Rose, P Rosen, J Schwarz, AS Schwitters, R Staric, M AF Pyrlik, J Atiya, M Broemmelsiek, D Hamacher, T Ispiryan, M Korpar, S Krizan, P Lau, K Maas, P McGill, J Reeves, K Rose, P Rosen, J Schwarz, AS Schwitters, R Staric, M TI Aging measurements of a TMAE based photon detector for the HERA-B RICH SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB We report on aging measurements of a photon detector candidate, based on proportional wire chambers operating in TMAE, for the HERA-B RICH. The detector consisted of 64 cells. each 100 mm long and 8 x 8 mm(3) in area, constructed with brass cathode and 45 mu m gold plated tungsten anode wire and was operated at room temperature with 50% TMAE saturated methane. To age the chamber it was exposed for several weeks to UV light from a deuterium lamp at 3 MHz/cm(2) counting rate, the expected maximum rate in the HERA-B RICH. The detection efficiency of the chamber for Cherenkov photons. generated in 5 m of argon by a 3 GeV electron testbeam at DESY, was recorded at regular intervals during the aging process. The pulse-height distribution of the chamber was continuously monitored. We found significant chamber gain loss after an exposure equivalent to about one month of running at HERA-B. Based on our results HERA-B decided to employ a multi-anode PMT system as photon detector in the RICH. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. RP Pyrlik, J (reprint author), DESY 49 19, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. OI Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 11 PY 1998 VL 414 IS 2-3 BP 170 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00645-7 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 122UP UT WOS:000076090100005 ER PT J AU Majewski, S Wojcik, R Kross, B Fenker, H Zorn, C Stepanyan, S AF Majewski, S Wojcik, R Kross, B Fenker, H Zorn, C Stepanyan, S TI Economical detectors based on safe liquid scintillators SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE liquid scintillators; calorimeters; scintillating light guides; TOF counters ID CALORIMETER AB Results are presented on several new highly efficient, fast, safe, and "environmentally friendly" liquid scintillator. Liquid scintillators can be contained in tubes or FEP Teflon-lined containers serving, at the same time, as light guides. The immediate application areas are in scintillation hodoscopes and TOF counters whenever complicated counter shapes (bends, corners, etc.) are required. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia. RP Wojcik, R (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 11 PY 1998 VL 414 IS 2-3 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00470-7 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 122UP UT WOS:000076090100017 ER PT J AU Segal, JD Patt, BE Iwanczyk, JS Vilkelis, G Plummer, JD Hedman, B Hodgson, KO AF Segal, JD Patt, BE Iwanczyk, JS Vilkelis, G Plummer, JD Hedman, B Hodgson, KO TI A new structure for controlling dark current due to surface generation in drift detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE cylindrical; silicon; X-ray; drift; detector ID SILICON AB A new approach has been developed to control dark current due to surface generation in silicon drift detectors. Instead of using a guard anode to collect current generated at the surface in the areas between the p(+) rings, these areas are filled with n(+) diffusion rings. This approach reduces the depleted area of the silicon/SiO2 interface, which is the source of the surface current, from about 50% of the detector area to less than 2%. Superior robustness to process and material defects make this technique preferable to a design using a guard anode to collect surface current in our experiments. The new structure has been applied to an 8 mm diameter cylindrical drift detector. X-ray test results show good signal collection from the full detector volume. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 HPL Inc, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. Photon Devices, Northridge, CA 91324 USA. Stanford Univ, Integrated Circuits Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Segal, JD (reprint author), HPL Inc, 1649 S Main St, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 11 PY 1998 VL 414 IS 2-3 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00570-1 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 122UP UT WOS:000076090100019 ER PT J AU Olshansky, SJ Carnes, BA Cassel, C AF Olshansky, SJ Carnes, BA Cassel, C TI The future of long life SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Geriatr, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Olshansky, SJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Med, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 11 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5383 BP 1612 EP 1613 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 118TR UT WOS:000075856500022 PM 9767025 ER PT J AU Xu, XHN Yeung, ES AF Xu, XHN Yeung, ES TI Long-range electrostatic trapping of single-protein molecules at a liquid-solid interface SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONFOCAL FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES; ENZYME; FRAGMENTS; DIFFUSION; FLOW AB The motion of single, dye-labeled protein molecules was monitored at various pH and ionic strengths within the 180-nanometer-thick evanescent-field layer at a fused-silica surface. Below the isoelectric point, molecules partitioning into the excitation region increased in number but maintained a random spatial distribution, implying that surface charge can influence the charged protein at. distances beyond that of the electrical double-layer thickness. The residence times of the molecules in the interfacial layer also increased below the isoelectric point. However, immobilization on the solid surface for extended periods was not observed. Histograms of residence times exhibit nearly identical asymmetry as the corresponding elution peaks in capillary electrophoresis. These results are a direct verification of the statistical theory of chromatography at the single-molecule level, with the caveat that Long-range trapping rather than adsorption is the dominant mechanism. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 11 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5383 BP 1650 EP 1653 DI 10.1126/science.281.5383.1650 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 118TR UT WOS:000075856500039 PM 9733506 ER PT J AU Banin, S Moyal, L Shieh, SY Taya, Y Anderson, CW Chessa, L Smorodinsky, NI Prives, C Reiss, Y Shiloh, Y Ziv, Y AF Banin, S Moyal, L Shieh, SY Taya, Y Anderson, CW Chessa, L Smorodinsky, NI Prives, C Reiss, Y Shiloh, Y Ziv, Y TI Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 by ATN in response to DNA damage SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA GENE; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE; CELL-CYCLE; MAMMALIAN TARGET; PROTEIN; PRODUCT; KINASE; WORTMANNIN; INHIBITION; RAPAMYCIN AB The ATM protein, encoded by the gene responsible for the human genetic disorder ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), regulates several cellular responses to DNA breaks. ATM shares a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related domain with several proteins, some of them protein kinases. A wortmannin-sensitive protein kinase activity was associated with endogenous or recombinant ATM and was abolished by structural ATM mutations. In vitro substrates included the translation repressor PHAS-I and the p53 protein. ATM phosphorylated p53 in vitro on a single residue, serine-15, which is phosphorylated in vivo in response to DNA damage. This activity was markedly enhanced within minutes after treatment of cells with a radiomimetic drug; the total amount of ATM remained unchanged. Various damage-induced responses may be activated by enhancement of the protein kinase activity of ATM. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Dept Human Genet & Mol Med, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. Columbia Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. Natl Canc Ctr, Res Inst, Div Biol, Chuo Ku, Tokyo 104, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Rome La Sapienza, Dipartimento Med Sperimentale, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Hybridoma Unit, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Biochem, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. RP Shiloh, Y (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Dept Human Genet & Mol Med, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. OI Shieh, Sheau-Yann/0000-0002-5351-4430 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS31763] NR 32 TC 1422 Z9 1450 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 11 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5383 BP 1674 EP 1677 DI 10.1126/science.281.5383.1674 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 118TR UT WOS:000075856500047 PM 9733514 ER PT J AU Li, ST Petzold, L Ren, YH AF Li, ST Petzold, L Ren, YH TI Stability of moving mesh systems of partial differential equations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE moving mesh; equidistributing mesh; stability ID FINITE-ELEMENT EQUATIONS; EQUIDISTRIBUTION; REFINEMENT AB Moving mesh methods based on the equidistribution principle (EP) are studied from the viewpoint of stability of the moving mesh system of differential equations. For fine spatial grids, the moving mesh system inherits the stability of the original discretized partial differential equation (PDE). Unfortunately, for some PDEs the moving mesh methods require so many spatial grid points that they no longer appear to be practical. Failures and successes of the moving mesh method applied to three reaction-diffusion problems are explained via an analysis of the stability and accuracy of the moving mesh PDE. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fujitsu Parallel Comp Res Ctr, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM shenli@snipe.lanl.gov; pet-zold@engineering.ucsb.edu; yr@doc.ic.ac.uk NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD SEP 11 PY 1998 VL 20 IS 2 BP 719 EP 738 DI 10.1137/S1064827596302011 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 118QW UT WOS:000075852300009 ER PT J AU De Boer, RJ Boucher, CAB Perelson, AS AF De Boer, RJ Boucher, CAB Perelson, AS TI Target cell availability and the successful suppression of HIV by hydroxyurea and didanosine SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE hydroxyurea; immunosuppression; target cell availability; resistance ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; IN-VIVO; HIV-1-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; VIRUS-TYPE-1 REPLICATION; INFECTED PATIENTS; TYPE-1; THERAPY; ZIDOVUDINE C1 Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht Hosp, Eijkman Winkler Inst, Dept Virol, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP De Boer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. RI De Boer, Rob/B-6050-2011 OI De Boer, Rob/0000-0002-2130-691X FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555] NR 49 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 13 BP 1567 EP 1570 DI 10.1097/00002030-199813000-00002 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 119HR UT WOS:000075890300002 PM 9764774 ER PT J AU Scherrer, RJ Weinberg, DH AF Scherrer, RJ Weinberg, DH TI Constraints on the effects of locally biased galaxy formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : formation; large-scale structure of universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; STATISTICS; UNIVERSE; 3-POINT; EVOLUTION; MATTER AB While it is well known that "biased galaxy formation" can increase the strength of galaxy clustering, it is less clear whether straightforward biasing schemes can change the shape of the galaxy correlation function on large scales. Here we consider "local" biasing models, in which the galaxy density field delta(g) at a point x is a function of the matter-density field delta at that point: delta(g) = f(delta). We consider both deterministic biasing, where f is simply a function, and stochastic biasing, in which the galaxy-density delta(g) is a random variable whose distribution depends on the matter density: delta(g) = X(delta). We show that even when this mapping is performed on a highly nonlinear density field with a hierarchical correlation structure, the correlation function xi is simply scaled up by a constant, as long as xi much less than 1. In stochastic biasing models, the galaxy autocorrelation function behaves exactly as in deterministic models, with (X) over bar(delta) (the mean value of X for a given value of delta) taking the role of the deterministic bias function. We extend our results to the power spectrum P(k), showing that for sufficiently small k the effect of local biasing is equivalent to the multiplication of P(k) by a constant, with the addition of a constant term. If a cosmological model predicts a large-scale mass correlation function in conflict with the shape of the observed galaxy correlation function, then the model cannot be rescued by appealing to a complicated but local relation between galaxies and mass. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Scherrer, RJ (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 30 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 504 IS 2 BP 607 EP 611 DI 10.1086/306113 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152KW UT WOS:000077777500002 ER PT J AU Riess, AG Nugent, P Filippenko, AV Kirshner, RP Perlmutter, S AF Riess, AG Nugent, P Filippenko, AV Kirshner, RP Perlmutter, S TI Snapshot distances to type Ia supernovae: All in "one" night's work SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : distances; stars : fundamental parameters; supernovae : general ID LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE; HUBBLE CONSTANT; SN-1991T; DIAGRAM; LAMBDA; OMEGA; DUST AB We present an empirical method that measures the distance to a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) with a precision of similar to 10% from a single night's data. This method measures the supernova's age and luminosity/light-curve parameter from a spectrum and the extinction and distance from an apparent magnitude and color. We are able to verify the precision of this method from error propagation calculations, Monte Carlo simulations of well-sampled SNe Ia, and the Hubble diagram of sparsely observed supernovae. With the reduction in telescope time needed, this method is 3-4 times more efficient for measuring cosmological parameters than conventional light-curve-based distance estimates. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Riess, AG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 45 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 504 IS 2 BP 935 EP 944 DI 10.1086/306106 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152KW UT WOS:000077777500030 ER PT J AU Schaab, C Balberg, S Schaffner-Bielich, J AF Schaab, C Balberg, S Schaffner-Bielich, J TI Implications of hyperon pairing for cooling of neutron stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : evolution; stars : neutron ID THERMAL EVOLUTION; MATTER; SUPERFLUIDITY; HYPERNUCLEI AB The implications of hyperon pairing for the thermal evolution of neutron stars containing hyperons are investigated. The outcomes of cooling simulations are compared for neutron star models composed only of nucleons and leptons, models including hyperons, and models including pairing of hyperons. We show that lambda and neutron pairing suppresses all possible fast neutrino emission processes in not too massive neutron stars. The inclusion of lambda pairing yields better agreement with X-ray observations of pulsars, Particularly, the surface temperatures deduced from X-ray observations within the hydrogen atmosphere model are more consistent with the thermal history of neutron stars containing hyperons, if the critical temperature for the onset of lambda and nucleon pairing is not too small. C1 Univ Munich, Inst Theoret Phys, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schaab, C (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Theoret Phys, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM schaab@gsm.sue.physik.uni-muenchen.de; shmblbrg@saba.fiz.huji.ac.il; schaffne@nta2.lbl.gov RI Schaab, Christoph/C-6098-2008 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 504 IS 2 BP L99 EP L102 DI 10.1086/311577 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152KY UT WOS:000077777700011 ER PT J AU Descorme, C Jacobs, PW Somorjai, GA AF Descorme, C Jacobs, PW Somorjai, GA TI Catalytic combustion of ethane over palladium foil in the 300-450 degrees C range: Kinetics and surface composition studies SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL OXIDATION REACTIONS; SUPPORTED PALLADIUM; METHANE OXIDATION; HETEROGENEOUS OXIDATION; THERMAL-STABILITY; OXIDE CATALYSTS; ALUMINA; DEHYDROGENATION; HYDROCARBONS; MECHANISM AB Catalytic oxidation of ethane over palladium foils was studied and the kinetic parameters were determined for the reaction. The studies were carried out at 800 Torr total pressure over a wide range of reaction conditions in the temperature range of 300-425 degrees C. The catalyst surface composition was characterized before and after reaction by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). While we detected only metallic palladium before reaction, the postreaction analysis showed significant formation of PdOx, a surface oxide, at all temperatures and under all ethane/oxygen ratios. The catalyst that exhibits optimum combustion activity is the one covered with 0.3 to 0.5 monolayer of oxygen. Carbon monoxide temperature-programmed desorption (CO-TPD) was used to evaluate the surface area of the metallic and oxidized palladium in order to normalize the measured catalytic reaction rates. The turnover rate for ethane combustion is in the range of 1-260 s(-1) (molecule(s) of CO2 produced per surface palladium atom per second) in the studied temperature range. Under stoichiometric reaction conditions at 325 degrees C the rate for ethylene combustion is 100 times faster than that of ethane and the turnover rate for ethylene formation is calculated to be 0.6 s(-1) (molecule(s) of C2H4 produced per surface palladium atom per second). At 325 degrees C the kinetic orders are 1, 0, and -1 for ethane, carbon dioxide, and water, respectively. The order in oxygen is -1/2 under stoichiometric and fuel-rich conditions and 0 under oxidizing conditions. Apparent activation energies of 104, 116, and 189 kJ/mol under fuel lean, stoichiometric, and fuel-rich conditions, respectively, were observed. While CO2 is the main carbonaceous product, unoxidized and partially oxidized species, methane and ethylene, are produced in small amounts. The product distribution is typically 98.6 mol% CO2, 0.9 mol% C2H4, and 0.5 mol% CH4 at 10% conversion during a reaction at 350 degrees C under stoichiometric conditions. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Descorme, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI DESCORME, Claude/A-7121-2008 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 178 IS 2 BP 668 EP 678 DI 10.1006/jcat.1998.2186 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 119JF UT WOS:000075891800027 ER PT J AU Ripperdan, RL Riciputi, LR Cole, DR Elmore, RD Banerjee, S Engel, MH AF Ripperdan, RL Riciputi, LR Cole, DR Elmore, RD Banerjee, S Engel, MH TI Oxygen isotope ratios in authigenic magnetites from the Belden Formation, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LATE PALEOZOIC REMAGNETIZATION; BACTERIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; NORTHERN APPALACHIAN BASIN; ION MICROPROBE; S-34/S-32 RATIOS; PLATE-TECTONICS; IRON-FORMATION; FRACTIONATION; FLUIDS; WATER AB Authigenic magnetites from the Belden Formation at Bassam Park, Colorado, were analyzed for their O-18/O-16 composition using secondary ion mass spectrometry. The delta(18)O values of magnetite-rimmed pyrite (MagPy) grains averaged -8.5 parts per thousand (versus VSMOW). Small (25-50 mu m) iron oxide grains had a range of delta(18)O values from -9.7 parts per thousand to -5.5 parts per thousand, consistent with a variably hematized magnetite population having a delta(18)O value of around -9 parts per thousand for magnetite. The delta(18)O results suggest that the magnetite rims and grains formed in contact with a water having delta(18)O of near 0 parts per thousand or less, implying a meteoric or connate source rather than a highly evolved orogenic or basinal fluid. This supports paleomagnetic results that suggest the formation of authigenic magnetites under Mesozoic burial conditions at some Belden Formation localities, rather than in response to orogenic fluid migration driven by Early Tertiary tectonic uplift. The delta(18)O results also support the observation that chemical remanent magnetizations related to authigenic magnetite formation cannot be universally applied to the dating of fluid migration events associated with orogenic deformation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Ripperdan, RL (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Geol, POB 9017, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B9 BP 21015 EP 21023 DI 10.1029/98JB00440 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 119WE UT WOS:000075920500015 ER PT J AU Myers, SC Beck, S Zandt, G Wallace, T AF Myers, SC Beck, S Zandt, G Wallace, T TI Lithospheric-scale structure across the Bolivian Andes from tomographic images of velocity and attenuation for P and S waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID UPPER-MANTLE; EASTERN CORDILLERA; CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY; CORNER FREQUENCIES; NORTHERN BOLIVIA; ALTIPLANO; CRUSTAL; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; PLATEAU AB We have developed a three-dimensional, lithospheric-scale model across the Bolivian Andes at similar to 20 degrees S, based on tomographic images of velocity and attenuation for both P and S waves. Observations of travel time and attenuation for this study are from regional, mantle earthquakes in the subducted Nazca plate recorded on a portable, broadband seismic array (Broadband Andean Joint Experiment and Seismic Exploration of the Deep Andes) in Bolivia and Chile. The shallow mantle under the Altiplano from similar to 18 degrees S to similar to 21 degrees S is high-velocity and moderately high Q (V-p approximate to 8.3,V-s approximate to 4.7, Q(p) approximate to 500, and Q(s) approximate to 200), suggesting lithospheric mantle. High-velocity material in the Altiplano extends to a depth of similar to 125-150 km. The shallow mantle of the Western Cordillera is characterized by high V-p/V-s (similar to 1.83), suggesting a correlation between V-p/V-s and are volcanism. Seismic velocity in the Western Cordillera mantle is, On average, only slightly reduced from global averages; however, velocity and attenuation anomalies are locally strong (V-p approximate to 7.8,V-s approximate to 4.3, Q(p) approximate to 200, and Q(s) approximate to 100), consistent with partial melt conditions. Under the Los Frailes volcanic field, in the Eastern Cordillera, shallow mantle velocity and Q decrease drastically from the neighboring Altiplano (V-p approximate to 7.8, V-s approximate to 4.3, Q(p) approximate to 300, Q(s) approximate to 100); however, high V-p/V-s is not as pervasive as it is in the Western Cordillera. We believe that slab-derived water, and perhaps other volatiles, strongly influence the Western Cordillera, while the Eastern Cordillera low-velocity region is more affected by partial melt and/or compositional changes. Average velocity and Q in the shallow mantle across the Bolivian Andes, where the tomographic images are best resolved, are significantly higher than in most mantle wedge environments where corresponding images are available. This is likely the result of a compressional "back arc" setting in the Andes. This implies that lithospheric shortening and thickening associated with the formation of the Andes has profoundly influenced the shallow mantle structure across the range. Shallow mantle structure is locally influenced by the subduction processes, particularly under the Western Cordillera; however, the differing volcanism and seismic character under the two Cordilleras suggest that the volcanic process in the Eastern Cordillera may be distinct from are volcanism. Tertiary volcanism in the Eastern Cordillera is located in the region where mantle shortening is suspected to be greatest. Both the timing and location of volcanism are consistent with upward migration of mantle wedge asthenosphere following the removal of over thickened lithosphere. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, L-205, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM myers30@llnl.gov; beck@geo.arizona.edu; zandt@geo.arizona.edu; wallace@geo.arizona.edu RI Myers, Stephen/K-1368-2014 OI Myers, Stephen/0000-0002-0315-5599 NR 65 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B9 BP 21233 EP 21252 DI 10.1029/98JB00956 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 119WE UT WOS:000075920500029 ER PT J AU Kirkby, SJ Frei, H AF Kirkby, SJ Frei, H TI Highly selective photochemical and thermal chlorination of benzene by Cl-2 in NaZSM-5 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ZEOLITE ZSM-5 AB Loading of zeolite NaZSM-5 with benzene and chlorine from the gas phase at -100 degrees C resulted in spontaneous reaction to form chlorobenzene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene as the sole products. Thermal reaction at elevated temperature (up to 0 degrees C) accelerates the rates toward these products and yields, in addition, some 1,3-dichlorobenzene and a small (<3%) amount of 1,2-dichlorobenzene. No higher chlorinated benzenes or chlorocyclohexanes are formed even upon 90% conversion of the loaded benzene. Reactions were monitored by in situ FT-infrared spectroscopy. Irradiation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene in the presence of Cl-2 in the zeolite with green or blue light produced 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the only product at high conversion. Such selectivities of benzene chlorination by elemental chlorine are much higher than obtained currently by traditional methods. The sharp increase of the reaction rate in NaZSM-5 compared to that in homogeneous liquid or gas phase and the effect of electronic excitation by visible light are attributed to an enhanced electrophilic character of the chlorine molecule. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, MS Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frei, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, MS Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 37 BP 7106 EP 7111 DI 10.1021/jp9814348 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 125CJ UT WOS:000076219600007 ER PT J AU Xu, L Salmeron, M AF Xu, L Salmeron, M TI Scanning polarization force microscopy study of the condensation and wetting properties of glycerol on mica SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS AB The condensation of glycerol on mica surfaces in ambient air was studied with scanning polarization force microscopy (SPFM). Two different wetting regimes were found that depend on the state of the surface. On freshly cleaved mica, glycerol condenses, forming flat films. The films expand until a uniform layer is formed. The first molecular layer of glycerol was found to be more strongly bound to the surface than were subsequent layers, On contaminated mica (after 2 h of exposure to air) droplets in the shape of spherical caps form that partially wet the substrate. The droplets grow indefinitely in the saturated vapor. The contact angle of droplets with heights <20 nm was found to deviate from the macroscopic value found in large drops. The results are discussed in the context of the long-range forces in the liquid film. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 37 BP 7210 EP 7215 DI 10.1021/jp981834v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 125CJ UT WOS:000076219600022 ER PT J AU Schatz, T Cook, AR Meisel, D AF Schatz, T Cook, AR Meisel, D TI Charge carrier transfer across the silica nanoparticle/water interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS SIO2; ELECTRON; RADIATION; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION; EXCITONS; SURFACE; ENERGY AB We determined the yield of hydrated electrons, e(aq)(-), in irradiated silica suspensions at very high particle concentrations. The initial concentration of e(aq)(-), measured immediately after a pulse of high-energy electrons, increases with the silica loading, proportionately with the dose absorbed by the sample. Therefore, the yield of e(aq)(-), per unit energy absorbed remains unaltered even at 50% weight of silica. This observation holds for particles in the range of 7-22 nm in diameter. Under heavy loading of silica, a significant percentage of the energy is absorbed by the silica (essentially equal to the silica weight percent). Thus, our observations imply that energy that is originally deposited in silica crosses the solid-liquid interface and appears in the aqueous phase as solvated electrons. Possible mechanisms for this crossover process are discussed. It is proposed that either every electron that is generated in silica escapes to the water or that highly energetic secondary electrons are ejected from the silica particles and subsequently create spurs similar to those formed by primary electrons that initially are deposited in water. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cook, AR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Cook, Andrew/0000-0001-6633-3447 NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 37 BP 7225 EP 7230 DI 10.1021/jp982129p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 125CJ UT WOS:000076219600024 ER PT J AU Enquist, BJ Brown, JH West, GB AF Enquist, BJ Brown, JH West, GB TI Allometric scaling of plant energetics and population density SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SELF-THINNING RELATIONSHIPS; -3/2 POWER RULE; SIZE; BIOMASS AB Scaling relationships that describe variation in population density with body size in ecological communities, such as the thinning law in plant ecology(1-3), can be explained in terms of how individuals use resources as a function of their size. Data for rates of xylem transport as a function of stem diameter show that rates of resource use in individual plants scale as approximately the 3/4 power of body mass, which is the same as metabolic rates of animals(4-7). Here we use this relationship to develop a mechanistic model for relationships between density and mass in resource-limited plants. It predicts that average plant size should scale as the -4/3 power of maximum population density, in agreement with empirical evidence and comparable relationships in animals(5,6,8), but significantly less than the -3/2 power predicted by geometric models(1). Our model implies that fundamental constraints on metabolic rate are reflected in the scaling of population density and other ecological and evolutionary phenomena, including the finding that resource allocation among species in ecosystems is independent of body size(5,6,8). C1 Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Enquist, BJ (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, 1399 Hyde Pk Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. OI Enquist, Brian/0000-0002-6124-7096 NR 29 TC 496 Z9 542 U1 8 U2 130 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 395 IS 6698 BP 163 EP 165 DI 10.1038/25977 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 118GK UT WOS:000075829900039 ER PT J AU Ren, ZF Li, W Wang, DZ Lao, JY Wang, JH Paranthaman, M Verebelyi, DT Christen, DK AF Ren, ZF Li, W Wang, DZ Lao, JY Wang, JH Paranthaman, M Verebelyi, DT Christen, DK TI Growth and characterization of superconducting films Tl0.78Bi0.22Sr1.6Ba0.4Ca2Cu3O9 on CeO2-buffered single crystal YSZ SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE superconducting films; Tl0.78Bi0.22Sr1.6Ba0.4Ca2Cu3O9; CeO2-buffered single crystal YSZ ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; LASER DEPOSITION; BUFFER LAYERS; TAPES AB Crystalline CeO2 as a buffer layer on single crystal yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been deposited in situ at 600-650 degrees C by laser ablation. Following the deposition of CeO2, Tl0.78Bi0.22Sr1.6Ba0.4Ca2Cu3O9 ((Tl,Bi-1223) amorphous films were deposited on the CeO2-buffered YSZ substrate at room temperature. The deposited amorphous films were then wrapped together with an unfired Tl0.95Bi0.22Sr1.6Ba0.4Ca2Cu3O9 pellet in silver foil. The whole package was finally annealed ex situ in a tube furnace at 790-810 degrees C with flowing argon to crystallize the films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the annealed films consist of mainly c-axis aligned (Tl,Bi)-1223 phase with a small amount of (Tl,Bi)-1212 phase. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of XRD omega-scans at (007) of (Tl,Bi)-1223 phase and (005) of (Tl,Bi)-1212 phase are 0.44 degrees and 0.48 degrees respectively. XRD phi-scans on (102) of both (Tl,Bi)-1223 and (Tl,Bi)-1212 phases show an excellent in-plane alignment with FWHM values of 0.44 degrees and 0.54 degrees, respectively. Four-probe transport measurements show superconducting transition temperatures (T-c's) of 105-109 K depending on the annealing conditions. At 77 K and zero external magnetic field, transport critical current density (J(c)) is in the range of (0.6-1) x 10(6) A/cm(2) for samples with thickness of 1.5-1.8 mu m. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Adv Photon & Elect Mat, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ren, ZF (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 306 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(98)00346-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 126WV UT WOS:000076318400020 ER PT J AU Randrup, J AF Randrup, J TI Transport simulation of the linear sigma model SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC VLASOV EQUATION; HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS; FIELD; DCC AB For the purpose of facilitating dynamical simulations of DCC formation in high-energy collisions, a semi-classical transport formulation is made of the linear sigma model. A Wigner transform of the mean-field approximation to the classical field equation yields a Vlasov equation for the quasi-particle phase-space density which in turn can be solved by test-particle simulation. This treatment yields individual test particles moving with medium-modified effective masses self-consistently with the evolving local order parameter. The simulation treatment appears to be quantitatively useful, as is illustrated for a cylindrical fireball subject to a longitudinal Bjorken scaling expansion. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Randrup, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 435 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00858-2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 126EA UT WOS:000076278900002 ER PT J AU Kinney, WH Riotto, A AF Kinney, WH Riotto, A TI A signature of inflation from dynamical supersymmetry breaking SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATION SPECTRA; DENSITY AB In models of cosmological inflation motivated by dynamical supersymmetry breaking, the potential driving inflation is characterized by inverse powers of a scalar field. These models produce observables similar to those typical of the hybrid inflation scenario: negligible production of tensor (gravitational wave) modes, and a blue scalar spectral index. In this short note, we show that, unlike standard hybrid inflation models, dynamical supersymmetric inflation (DSI) predicts a mensurable deviation from a power-law spectrum of fluctuations, with a variation in the scalar spectral index \dn/d(ln l)\ may be as large as 0.05. DSI can be observationally distinguished from other hybrid models with cosmic microwave background measurements of the planned sensitivity of the ESA's Planck Surveyor. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Kinney, WH (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 435 IS 3-4 BP 272 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00780-1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 126EA UT WOS:000076278900005 ER PT J AU Alexopoulos, T Anderson, EW Biswas, NN Bujak, A Carmony, DD Erwin, AR Gutay, LJ Hirsch, AS Hojvat, C Kenney, VP Lindsey, CS LoSecco, JM Matinyan, SG Morgan, N Oh, SH Porile, N Scharenberg, R Stringfellow, B Thompson, M Turkot, F Walker, WD Wang, CH AF Alexopoulos, T Anderson, EW Biswas, NN Bujak, A Carmony, DD Erwin, AR Gutay, LJ Hirsch, AS Hojvat, C Kenney, VP Lindsey, CS LoSecco, JM Matinyan, SG Morgan, N Oh, SH Porile, N Scharenberg, R Stringfellow, B Thompson, M Turkot, F Walker, WD Wang, CH TI The role of double parton collisions in soft hadron interactions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM SPECTRA; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; 1.8 TEV; ENERGY AB We have examined charged multiplicities arising from p-p and p-(p) over bar collisions over the range of center of mass energies, root s, from 30 GeV to 1800 GeV. Results from Tevatron experiment E735 support the presence of double parton interactions. These processes can be seen to account for a large fraction of the increase in the non single diffraction inelastic cross section from energies of about 200 GeV to 1800 GeV. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Alexopoulos, T (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 16 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 435 IS 3-4 BP 453 EP 457 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00921-6 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 126EA UT WOS:000076278900031 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, B Rothberg, E AF Hendrickson, B Rothberg, E TI Improving the run time and quality of nested dissection ordering SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE sparse matrix ordering; nested dissection; minimum degree; graph algorithms; graph partitioning ID MINIMUM-DEGREE ALGORITHM; SPARSE-MATRIX; ELIMINATION AB When performing sparse matrix factorization, the ordering of matrix rows and columns has a dramatic impact on the factorization time. This paper describes an approach to the reordering problem that produces significantly better orderings than prior methods. The algorithm is a hybrid of nested dissection and minimum degree ordering, and combines an assortment of different algorithmic advances. New or improved algorithms are described for graph compression, multilevel partitioning, and separator improvement. When these techniques are combined, the resulting orderings average 39% better than minimum degree over a suite of test matrices, while requiring roughly 2.7 times the run time of Liu's multiple minimum degree. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Silicon Graph Inc, Mt View, CA 94043 USA. RP Hendrickson, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 20 IS 2 BP 468 EP 489 DI 10.1137/S1064827596300656 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 118MK UT WOS:000075842100004 ER PT J AU Gruss, KA Zheleva, T Davis, RF Watkins, TR AF Gruss, KA Zheleva, T Davis, RF Watkins, TR TI Characterization of zirconium nitride coatings deposited by cathodic arc sputtering SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cathodic arc sputtering; zirconium nitride coatings; residual stress; incoloy; hastelloy; microstructure ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; STAINLESS-STEELS; HARD COATINGS; ZRN FILMS; ADHESION; TIN; STRESS; EVAPORATION; BARRIER AB Polycrystalline ZrN coatings with a composition of 58.41 at.% Zr and 41.59 at.% N were deposited by cathodic are evaporation on to Incoloy 825, Hastelloy C22 and Titanium Grade 12 metal substrates. Analyses of the coatings by scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy revealed the presence of 1-8-mu m-diameter macroparticles composed of Zr metal. Compressive stresses of 4.06, 3.88 and 2.69 GPa were measured via X-ray diffraction in the coatings deposited on Inc., Hast. and Ti. substrates, respectively. Values for Young's modulus and hardness of 458 and 27.65 GPa, respectively, were obtained via nanoindentation. Studies of the interfacial chemistry via Auger electron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed chemically abrupt interfaces and good compositional uniformity throughout the thickness of the zirconium nitride coatings. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gruss, KA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM kag1@nrc.gov RI Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 107 IS 2-3 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(98)00584-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 134EP UT WOS:000076730200005 ER PT J AU Ma, JG Zhang, J Franco, R Jia, SL Moura, I Moura, JJG Kroneck, PMH Shelnutt, JA AF Ma, JG Zhang, J Franco, R Jia, SL Moura, I Moura, JJG Kroneck, PMH Shelnutt, JA TI The structural origin of nonplanar heme distortions in tetraheme ferricytochromes c(3) SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS NORWAY; PORPHYRIN FORCE-FIELD; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CYTOCHROME C(3); NICKEL(II) OCTAETHYLPORPHYRIN; VULGARIS HILDENBOROUGH; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; ISOTOPE SHIFTS; RAMAN-SPECTRA AB Resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy, molecular mechanics (MM) calculations, and normal-coordinate structural decomposition (NSD) have been used to investigate the conformational differences in the hemes in ferricytochromes c(3). NSD analyses of heme structures obtained from X-ray crystallography and MM calculations of heme-peptide fragments of the cytochromes c(3) indicate that the nonplanarity of the hemes is largely controlled by a fingerprint peptide segment consisting of two heme-linked cysteines, the amino acids between the cysteines, and the proximal histidine ligand. Additional interactions between the heme and the distal. histidine ligand and between the heme propionates and the protein also influence the heme conformation, but to a lesser extent than the fingerprint peptide segment. In addition, factors that influence the folding pattern of the fingerprint peptide segment may have an effect on the heme conformation. Large heme structural differences between the baculatum cytochromes cs and the other proteins are uncovered by the NSD procedure [Jentzen, W., Ma, J.-G., and Shelnutt, J. A. (1998) Biophys. J. 74, 753-763]. These heme differences are mainly associated with the deletion of two residues in the covalently linked segment of hemes 4 for the baculatum proteins. Furthermore, some of these structural differences are reflected in the RR spectra. For example, the frequencies of the structure-sensitive lines (nu(4), nu(3), and nu(2)) in the high-frequency region of the RR spectra are lower for the Desulfomicrobium baculatum cytochromes a (Norway 4 and 9974) than for the Desulfovibrio (D.) gigas, D. vulgaris, and D. desulfuricans strains, consistent with a more ruffled heme. Spectral decompositions of the nu(3) and nu(10) Lines allow the assignment of the sublines to individual hemes and show that ruffling, not saddling, is the dominant factor influencing the frequencies of the structure-sensitive Raman lines. The distinctive spectra of the baculatum strains investigated are a consequence of hemes 2 and 4 being more ruffled than is typical of the other proteins. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Theory & Computat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Quim, Ctr Quim Fina & Biotecnol, P-2825 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. Univ Konstanz, Fak Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. RP Shelnutt, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Theory & Computat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Moura, Jose/D-6426-2013; REQUIMTE, FMN/M-5611-2013; REQUIMTE, SMB/M-5694-2013; Moura, Isabel/D-6339-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013; Franco, Ricardo/C-5247-2008 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Moura, Jose/0000-0002-4726-2388; Moura, Isabel/0000-0003-0971-4977; Franco, Ricardo/0000-0002-5139-2871 NR 48 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 8 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 36 BP 12431 EP 12442 DI 10.1021/bi981189i PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 119QZ UT WOS:000075909800008 PM 9730815 ER PT J AU Segel, DJ Fink, AL Hodgson, KO Doniach, S AF Segel, DJ Fink, AL Hodgson, KO Doniach, S TI Protein denaturation: A small-angle X-ray scattering study of the ensemble of unfolded states of cytochrome c SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLTEN-GLOBULE; CONFORMATIONAL STABILITY; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; SOLVENT DENATURATION; HYDROGEN-EXCHANGE; FERRICYTOCHROME-C; NMR; LIGANDS; HEME; FLUORESCENCE AB Solution X-ray scattering was used to study the equilibrium unfolding of cytochrome c as a function of guanidine hydrochloride concentration at neutral pH. The radius of gyration (R-g) shows a cooperative transition with increasing denaturant with a similar C-m to that observed with circular dichroism. However, the lack of an isoscattering point in the X-ray scattering patterns suggests the equilibrium unfolding is not simply a two-state process. Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis was applied to the scattering patterns to determine the number of distinct scattering species. SVD analysis reveals the existence of three components, suggesting that at least three equilibrium states of the protein exist. A model was employed to determine the thermodynamic parameters and the scattering profiles of the three equilibrium states. These scattering profiles show that one state is native (N). The other two states (U-1, U-2) are unfolded, with U-2 being fully unfolded and U-1 having some residual structure. Using the thermodynamic parameters to calculate fractional populations, U-1 is maximally populated at intermediate denaturant concentrations while U-2 is maximally populated at high denaturant concentrations. It is likely that there is a multiplicity of denatured states with U-1 and U-2 representing an average of the denatured states populated at intermediate and high denaturant concentrations, respectively. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Doniach, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM doniach@drizzle.stanford.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209] NR 41 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 8 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 36 BP 12443 EP 12451 DI 10.1021/bi980535t PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 119QZ UT WOS:000075909800009 PM 9730816 ER PT J AU Hay, PJ Martin, RL AF Hay, PJ Martin, RL TI Theoretical studies of the structures and vibrational frequencies of actinide compounds using relativistic effective core potentials with Hartree-Fock and density functional methods: UF6, NpF6, and PuF6 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; ABINITIO; ENERGIES; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; MOLECULES; ATOMS AB The calculated bond lengths and vibrational frequencies of the octahedral compounds UF6, NpF6, and PuF6 from Hartree-Fock and various density functional calculations are compared. The calculations employ relativistic effective core potentials (RECPs) derived from one-component relativistic Hartree-Fock atomic wave functions. The structures and frequencies of the hexafluoride molecules were obtained using analytic gradient and second derivative techniques. Of the methods examined here the local density (SVWN) and hybrid functional (B3LYP) have the best performance in terms of the errors compared to experiment for the bond lengths and vibrational frequencies. The analytic representations of the RECPs for U, Np, and Pu are given along with Gaussian basis sets for the valence electrons of these actinide elements. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)30234-2]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Chem & Mol Phys Grp T12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hay, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Chem & Mol Phys Grp T12, Mail Stop B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 182 Z9 218 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 8 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 10 BP 3875 EP 3881 DI 10.1063/1.476988 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 116HY UT WOS:000075719900018 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Chaturvedi, S Jirsak, T Hrbek, J AF Rodriguez, JA Chaturvedi, S Jirsak, T Hrbek, J TI Reaction of S-2 and H2S with Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys: Effects of metal-metal bonding on reactivity towards sulfur SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLATINUM-TIN CATALYSTS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; BIMETALLIC SURFACES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; AG/PT(111) SURFACES; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CO-CHEMISORPTION; ADSORPTION; PT(111); PHOTOEMISSION AB The surface chemistry of S-2 and H2S on polycrystalline Sn, Pt(111), and a (root 3 X root 3)R30 degrees-Sn/Pt(111) surface alloy has been investigated using synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission and ab initio self-consistent-field calculations. At 100-300 K, S-2 chemisorbs and reacts on polycrystalline tin to form metal sulfides. The reactivity of pure tin toward sulfur is large even at a temperature as low as 100 K. In contrast, tin atoms in contact with Pt(111) interact weakly with S-2 or H2S. Tin does not prevent the bonding of S to Pt in a (root 3 X root 3)R30 degrees-Sn/Pt(111) surface alloy, but the alloy is less reactive toward H2S than polycrystalline Sn or pure Pt(111). At room temperature, S-2 and H2S adsorb dissociatively on Pt sites of (root 3 X root 3)R30 degrees-Sn/Pt(111). Upon the dosing of S-2 and H2S to (root 3 X root 3)R30 degrees-Sn/Pt(111), one sees the formation of only a chemisorbed layer of sulfur (i.e., no sulfides of tin or platinum are formed). The Pt-Sn bond is complex, involving a Sn(5s, 5p) --> Pt(6s, 6p) charge transfer and a Pt(Sd) --> Pt(6s, 6p) rehybridization that localize electrons in the region between the metal centers. These phenomena reduce the electron donor ability of Pt and Sn, and the metals are not able to respond in an effective way to the presence of species that are strong electron accepters like S-2, HS, and S. The redistribution of charge produces surfaces that have a remarkable low reactivity toward sulfur. When compared to other admetals (Cu, Zn, Ag, Au), tin is the best choice as a site blocker that can enhance the tolerance of Pt reforming catalysts to sulfur poisoning. The Sn/Pt system illustrates how a redistribution of electrons that occurs in bimetallic bonding can be useful for the design of catalysts that are less sensitive to the presence of S-containing molecules. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)70234-X]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 79 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 8 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 10 BP 4052 EP 4062 DI 10.1063/1.477005 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 116HY UT WOS:000075719900038 ER PT J AU Celliers, PM Collins, GW Da Silva, LB Gold, DM Cauble, R AF Celliers, PM Collins, GW Da Silva, LB Gold, DM Cauble, R TI Accurate measurement of laser-driven shock trajectories with velocity interferometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE; WAVES; MBAR AB We describe a velocity interferometer used to measure the velocity and trajectory of laser driven shocks in liquid deuterium accurately and continuously. This demonstration of velocity interferometry to measure shock velocity and shock trajectory in condensed matter shows strong potential for future studies of laser-driven shocks in transparent media. Accuracy of this technique can be better than 1% in velocity and +/-0.2 mu m in position during a 10 ns interval. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)02236-0]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Celliers, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1320 EP 1322 DI 10.1063/1.121882 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117MU UT WOS:000075786000004 ER PT J AU Mao, SS Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE AF Mao, SS Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE TI Breakdown of equilibrium approximation for nanosecond laser-induced electron emission from silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR; SURFACES; PULSES AB We demonstrate that nonequilibrium carrier dynamics play a significant role in nanosecond laser-induced electron emission from semiconductor surfaces. Surface emission current and electron yields due to thermionic and photoelectric effects are calculated for a 2 ns laser pulse irradiation, with fluences below the threshold for melting. The photoelectric effect is found to dominate electron emission only at low fluences, whereas thermionic emission from interband absorption is responsible for electron emission at high incident fluences. The results present a satisfactory interpretation of experimental observations for nanosecond laser-induced electron emission from silicon. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)03036-8]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1331 EP 1333 DI 10.1063/1.121886 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117MU UT WOS:000075786000008 ER PT J AU McHugo, SA McDonald, RJ Smith, AR Hurley, DL Weber, ER AF McHugo, SA McDonald, RJ Smith, AR Hurley, DL Weber, ER TI Iron solubility in highly boron-doped silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IMPURITIES; WAFERS; PAIRS AB We have directly measured the solubility of iron in high and low boron-doped silicon using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Iron solubilities were measured at 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 degrees C in silicon doped with either 1.5 x 10(19) or 6.5 x 10(14) boron atoms/cm(3). We have measured a greater iron solubility in high boron-doped silicon as compared to low boron-doped silicon, however, the degree of enhancement is lower than anticipated at temperatures >800 degrees C. The decreased enhancement is explained by a shift in the iron donor energy level towards the valence band at elevated temperatures. Based on this data, we have calculated the position of the iron donor level in the silicon band gap at elevated temperatures. We incorporate the iron energy level shift in calculations of iron solubility in silicon over a wide range of temperatures and boron-doping levels, providing a means to accurately predict iron segregation between high and low boron-doped silicon. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)01936-6]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McHugo, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1424 EP 1426 DI 10.1063/1.121964 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117MU UT WOS:000075786000039 ER PT J AU Iversen, BB Larsen, FK Pinkerton, AA Martin, A Darovsky, A Reynolds, PA AF Iversen, BB Larsen, FK Pinkerton, AA Martin, A Darovsky, A Reynolds, PA TI Characterization of actinide bonding in Th(S2PMe2)(4) by synchrotron X-ray diffraction SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; IMAGING PLATES; SPIN-DENSITY; COCL42 ION; COMPLEXES; (ND4)2CU(SO4)2.6D2O; REFLECTION; CHARGE; 9-K AB Extensive synchrotron (28 K) and conventional sealed-tube (9 K) X-ray diffraction data have been collected on Th(S2PMe2)(4). Modeling of the electron density of the complex shows the bonding is guile ionic with little diffuse f or d type bonding density. Furthermore a large polarization of the Th core is observed revealing some Sd-like involvement in the bonding. High-quality ab initio density functional calculations are not able to reproduce these features and instead predict rather covalent bonding with considerable 6d-5f mixing. The study suggests that this theoretical method exaggerates the covalent nature of actinide bonds. It is shown that the most direct measure of covalence-charge transfer and electron distributions-can be usefully estimated by X-ray diffraction even in this most unfavorable of cases, where many actinide core electrons are present. The use of very low temperature data is crucial in the study of heavy metal complexes in order to minimize systematic errors such as thermal diffuse scattering and anharmonicity. The fact that accurate synchrotron radiation diffraction data can be measured within days makes studies of compounds beyond the first transition series more frequently within reach. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Iversen, BB (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. OI pinkerton, alan/0000-0002-2239-1992 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 18 BP 4559 EP 4566 DI 10.1021/ic9715613 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 119MY UT WOS:000075901300015 ER PT J AU Espenson, JH Tan, HS Mollah, S Houk, RS Eager, MD AF Espenson, JH Tan, HS Mollah, S Houk, RS Eager, MD TI Base hydrolysis of methyltrioxorhenium. The mechanism revised and extended: A novel application of electrospray mass spectrometry SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS; TRANSITION-METALS; MULTIPLE BONDS; GAS-PHASE; POLYMERIZATION; CHEMISTRY; OXIDE AB The full kinetic pH profile for the base-promoted decomposition of MTO to CH4 and ReO4- was examined with the inclusion of new data at pH 7-10. Spectroscopic and kinetic data gave evidence for mono- and dihydroxo complexes: MTO(OH-) and MTO(OH-)(2). Parallel unimolecular eliminations of methane from these species account for the rate-pH profile; the respective rate constants are MTO(OH-)(2), k = 4.56 x 10(-5) s(-1) and MTO(OH-)(2), k = 2.29 x 10(-4) s(-1) at 25 degrees C. Some kinetic data were acquired with electrospray mass spectrometry to monitor the buildup in the concentration of perrhenate ions. Reliable signals for each of the isotopomers of ReO4- were obtained by this method with initial MTO concentrations of 160 mu M. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Espenson, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 18 BP 4621 EP 4624 DI 10.1021/ic980447x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 119MY UT WOS:000075901300025 ER PT J AU He, XM Lee, ST Chan, YC Shu, L Miao, XS AF He, XM Lee, ST Chan, YC Shu, L Miao, XS TI Effect of negative rf bias on electrophotographic properties of hard diamond-like carbon films deposited on organic photoconductors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article AB Hard diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared on organic photoconductor (OPC) and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) samples by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) CH4-Ar plasma deposition with low substrate bias. The films exhibited a specific electrical resistivity above 1 x 10(14) Omega cm and very high transmittance for the visible spectrum of 370-800 nm. The hardness of the OPC samples was increased at least fourfold after deposition of DLC films. The acceptance voltage, photodischarge rate and dark decay rate of the DLC-coated OPC samples were all improved, and reached optimal values for rf biases around -90 V. The results indicated that the deposition of hard DLC films on OPC is a very promising technique to lengthen the working lifetimes of the OPC materials. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP He, XM (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. RI Chan, Yan /C-1482-2009 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 35 BP 7835 EP 7841 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/10/35/015 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 119QB UT WOS:000075906800015 ER PT J AU Karny, M Batist, L Brown, BA Cano-Ott, D Collatz, R Gadea, A Grzywacz, R Guglielmetti, A Hellstrom, M Hu, Z Janas, Z Kirchner, R Moroz, F Piechaczek, A Plochocki, A Roeckl, E Rubio, B Rykaczewski, K Shibata, M Szerypo, J Tain, JL Wittmann, V Wohr, A AF Karny, M Batist, L Brown, BA Cano-Ott, D Collatz, R Gadea, A Grzywacz, R Guglielmetti, A Hellstrom, M Hu, Z Janas, Z Kirchner, R Moroz, F Piechaczek, A Plochocki, A Roeckl, E Rubio, B Rykaczewski, K Shibata, M Szerypo, J Tain, JL Wittmann, V Wohr, A TI Beta decay of In-103: Evidence for the Gamow-Teller resonance near Sn-100 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE In-103(beta(+)),(EC) [from Cr-50(Ni-58, xpyn)]; measured E gamma, I gamma; deduced beta-intensity and beta-strength dstribution; on-line mass separation; total absorption spectrometer; NaI(Tl) detectors; Ge-detector; Si-detectors; Cd-103; In-103; calculated levels; Gamow-Teller strength ID NEUTRON; STRENGTH; NUCLEI; SHELL AB The beta decay of the neutron-deficient isotope In-103 was investigated by using total absorption gamma-ray spectrometry on mass-separated sources. The measurement reveals a high-lying resonance of the beta-decay strength in striking disagreement with high-resolution gamma-ray data. The result is discussed in comparison with shell-model predictions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nscl, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Louvain, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RI Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Rubio, Berta/M-1060-2014; Gadea, Andres/L-8529-2014 OI Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Rubio, Berta/0000-0002-9149-4151; Gadea, Andres/0000-0002-4233-1970 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 640 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00437-0 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 122UJ UT WOS:000076089600001 ER PT J AU Knox, L Scoccimarro, R Dodelson, S AF Knox, L Scoccimarro, R Dodelson, S TI Impact of inhomogeneous reionization on cosmic microwave background anisotropy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLD DARK-MATTER; UNIVERSE; RADIATION AB Ir is likely that the reionization of the Universe did not occur homogeneously. Using a model that associates ionized patches with overdense regions, we find that the resulting cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy power spectrum peaks at angular scales corresponding to the extent of the ionized regions, and has a width that reflects the correlations between them. There is considerable uncertainty in the amplitude. Neglecting inhomogeneous reionization in the determination of cosmological parameters from high resolution CMB maps may cause significant systematic error. C1 Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. NASA, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Knox, L (reprint author), Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. NR 27 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 10 BP 2004 EP 2007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 115TW UT WOS:000075682400005 ER PT J AU Balitsky, I AF Balitsky, I TI Factorization for high-energy scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK; QCD AB I demonstrate that the amplitude for the high-energy scattering can be factorized into a product of two independent functional integrals over "fast" and "slow" fields which interact by means of Wilson-line operators-gauge factors ordered along the straight lines. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Jefferson Lab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Balitsky, I (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 12 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 10 BP 2024 EP 2027 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2024 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 115TW UT WOS:000075682400010 ER PT J AU Drake, RP Glendinning, SG Estabrook, K Remington, BA McCray, R Wallace, RJ Suter, LJ Smith, TB Carroll, JJ London, RA Liang, E AF Drake, RP Glendinning, SG Estabrook, K Remington, BA McCray, R Wallace, RJ Suter, LJ Smith, TB Carroll, JJ London, RA Liang, E TI Observation of forward shocks and stagnated ejecta driven by high-energy-density plasma flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; SINGLE-MODE; LASER; RADIATION; WAVES; STATE; NOVA; EQUATION AB Laboratory studies elf hydrodynamic effects driven by a flowing, expanding plasma of high-energy density and high Mach number are reported. The flowing plasma is the ejecta from matter accelerated and heated by an ablative shock. S-ray backlighting diagnoses the structure produced when this plasma impacts low-density foam. We observe the forward shock driven into the foam and the stagnated ejecta which drives a reverse shock into the flow. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Drake, RP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 10 BP 2068 EP 2071 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2068 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 115TW UT WOS:000075682400021 ER PT J AU Cory, DG Price, MD Maas, W Knill, E Laflamme, R Zurek, WH Havel, TF Somaroo, SS AF Cory, DG Price, MD Maas, W Knill, E Laflamme, R Zurek, WH Havel, TF Somaroo, SS TI Experimental quantum error correction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; COMPUTERS AB Quantum error correction is required to compensate for the fragility of the state of a quantum computer. We report the first experimental implementations of quantum error correction and confirm the expected state stabilization. A precise analysis of the decay behavior is performed in alanine and a full implementation of the error correction procedure is realized in trichloroethylene, In NMR computing, however, a net improvement in the signal to noise would require very high polarization. The experiment implemented the three-bit code for phase errors using liquid state NMR. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Bruker Instruments Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, BCMP, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Cory, DG (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 29 TC 283 Z9 285 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 10 BP 2152 EP 2155 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2152 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 115TW UT WOS:000075682400042 ER PT J AU Glendenning, NK AF Glendenning, NK TI Comment on "kaon production in heavy-ion collisions and maximum mass of neutron stars" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYPERNUCLEI; MATTER C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glendenning, NK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 10 BP 2176 EP 2176 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2176 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 115TW UT WOS:000075682400048 ER PT J AU He, GW Chen, SY Doolen, G AF He, GW Chen, SY Doolen, G TI Hierarchy of structure functions for passive scalars advected by turbulent flows SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID FULLY-DEVELOPED TURBULENCE; 3-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; SCALING LAWS; INTERMITTENCY AB A hierarchical model is proposed for the joint moments of the passive scalar dissipation and the velocity dissipation in fluid turbulence. This model predicts that the joint probability density function (PDF) of the dissipations is a bivariate log-Poisson. An analytical calculation of the scaling exponents of structure functions of the passive scalar is carried out for this hierarchical model, showing a good agreement with the results of direct numerical simulations and experiments. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, LNM, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP He, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 246 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(98)00512-X PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 116LE UT WOS:000075725500021 ER PT J AU Payzant, EA Porter, WD Hubbard, CR AF Payzant, EA Porter, WD Hubbard, CR TI High temperature phase transformation in rhombohedral bismuth strontium oxide SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE bismuth strontium oxide; high temperature X-ray diffractometry; ionic conductor; differential scanning calorimetry; phase transformation ID CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; MIXED OXIDES; SYSTEM; EQUILIBRIA; BI2O3-SRO AB A combined DSC and high temperature XRD study of the phase transformation reported for the beta-phase solid solution (Bi(2)O3)(1-x) (SrO)(x) was undertaken for the composition Bi1.6Sr0.2O2.6. The DSC and high temperature XRD results were in good agreement. A reversible phase transformation was observed over a narrow temperature range around 650 degrees C, characterized by a large increase in the c lattice parameter, although, both the low and high temperature phases have the same crystal symmetry. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Payzant, EA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD SEP 7 PY 1998 VL 318 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00328-1 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 119FM UT WOS:000075885400008 ER PT J AU Hotter, JF Cuculo, JA Tucker, PA Annis, BK AF Hotter, JF Cuculo, JA Tucker, PA Annis, BK TI Effect of liquid isothermal bath position in modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET melt spinning process on properties and structure of As-spun and annealed filaments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE liquid isothermal bath; poly(ethylene terephthalate); melt spinning; properties; structure; filaments ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE) FIBERS; THREADLINE DYNAMICS; MORPHOLOGY; SPEED; TEMPERATURE; YARNS AB The ability to produce as-spun poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filaments that possess previously unsurpassed levels of as-spun orientation and tensile properties was achieved through the implementation of a device described as a liquid isothermal bath (LIB). Although much has been published regarding the general effect of the LIE on various properties and structural features, the results of the present study further contribute to the continued development of this unique technology by investigating the positional dependence of the device, as well as the effect of a subsequent annealing process. Characterization methods employed in the present study included birefringence, percent crystallinity, tensile properties, loss tangent temperature dependence, DSC melting behavior, and wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering. Strong inferences drawn from the loss tangent temperature dependence indicate that all of the as-spun and annealed LIE filaments possess a more rigid amorphous phase than that present in either the as-spun or annealed no LIE filament and that the extent of rigidness appears to become more profound as the bath is operated at a position more distant from the spinneret. DSC melting endotherms of the as-spun LIE filaments consist of dual overlapping peaks, one component of which is believed to represent the presence of a novel extended chain type of crystalline structure. Application of a simple two phase model allowed for the quantitative evaluation of an amorphous orientation factor, which was found to range, depending on the bath position, from 1.7 to 3.9 times higher in the as-spun LIE filaments than that present in the as-spun no LIE filament. The annealing process was found to play an important role in facilitating the transformation from an as-spun highly oriented and predominantly amorphous structure to a well-defined. semicrystalline fibrillar structure. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hotter, JF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 6 PY 1998 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2051 EP 2068 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980906)69:10<2051::AID-APP17>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 18 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 108EQ UT WOS:000075253400017 ER PT J AU Martin, RM Ortiz, G AF Martin, RM Ortiz, G TI Microscopic functional theory of dielectrics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MACROSCOPIC POLARIZATION; ELECTRIC POLARIZATION; SOLIDS; PHASE AB Density functional theory (DFR) rests upon the proofs by Hohenberg and Kohn, which show that all properties of quantum many-body systems are functionals of the ground-state density, and the Kohn-Sham construction, in which the exchange-correlation energy is a functional only of the density. DFT has been widely assumed to apply directly to the intrinsic bulk properties of extended systems such as crystals, e.g., the static dielectric properties of insulators. However, in 1995, Godby, Ghosez, and Godby pointed out that the assumptions of DFT do not strictly apply to the case of a crystal in a finite electric field, since there is no ground state, and they argued that the description of intrinsic bulk dielectric phenomena in a crystal requires a functional of both the bulk density and the polarization. Here, rye discuss the results of recent work which show that in the limit of long wavelengths both the bulk (periodic) density and the bulk average macroscopic polarization are necessary to fully describe the dielectric properties of insulating materials. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 69:567-572,1998. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martin, RM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD SEP 5 PY 1998 VL 69 IS 4 BP 567 EP 572 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 110VE UT WOS:000075401200014 ER PT J AU Wiedmann, RT Goodman, L White, MG AF Wiedmann, RT Goodman, L White, MG TI Two-color zero kinetic energy-pulsed field ionization spectroscopy of the acetone n-radical cation: the a(2) torsional vibration SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RYDBERG STATES; RESOLUTION; SPECTRA; TRANSITION; LIFETIMES AB Two-color, (2 + 1') resonance multiphoton ionization via the (1)A(2) 3p(x) Rydberg state is used in combination with high-resolution threshold photoelectron spectroscopy (ZEKE-PFI) to measure the a(2)(nu(12)) anti-gearing torsional frequencies in the n-radical cation of acetone (-h(6) and -d(6)). The photoelectron band intensities and measured torsional frequencies show that the anti-gearing torsional potentials for the cation and the 3p(x) Rydberg state are very similar. The cation torsional frequencies also indicate that, despite the localization of positive charge in the carbonyl group, the barrier for synchronous methyl rotation in the cation is higher than that for the neutral acetone ground state. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP White, MG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM white@dynamics.chm.bnl.gov NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 1998 VL 293 IS 5-6 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00809-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 116VP UT WOS:000075746000011 ER PT J AU Mihlbachler, K Kollmann, T Seidel-Morgenstern, A Tomas, J Guiochon, G AF Mihlbachler, K Kollmann, T Seidel-Morgenstern, A Tomas, J Guiochon, G TI Measurement of the degree of internal friction of two native silica packing materials SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE silica; packing materials; friction ID SOLIDS AB The degree of internal friction of two different packing materials for liquid chromatography (Kromasil NP10 and DuPont Pro Sil) has been measured using conventional methods of the mechanics of continuous solids applied in the study of the storage, handling and processing of powders. The former material was found to have a lower angle of internal friction and to flow more freely than the latter one. Possible relationships between these properties and the qualities of the column beds obtained are discussed. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37861 USA. Otto Von Guericke Univ, Inst Verfahrenstech, Magdeburg, Germany. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 522 Buehlir Hall,300 S Coll, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Seidel-Morgenstern, Andreas/0000-0001-8595-7810 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD SEP 4 PY 1998 VL 818 IS 2 BP 155 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00546-9 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 120YN UT WOS:000075985600002 ER PT J AU Arcot, SS Adamson, AW Risch, GW LaFleur, J Robichaux, MB Lamerdin, JE Carrano, AV Batzer, MA AF Arcot, SS Adamson, AW Risch, GW LaFleur, J Robichaux, MB Lamerdin, JE Carrano, AV Batzer, MA TI High-resolution cartography of recently integrated human chromosome 19-specific Alu fossils SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE retroposon; insertion polymorphism; physical map ID SITU HYBRIDIZATION MAP; INSERTION POLYMORPHISM; HUMAN GENOME; REPEATS; EVOLUTION; DNA; SUBFAMILY; GENE; RETROPOSONS; SEQUENCES AB The recently inserted subfamilies of Alu retroposons (Ya5/8 and Yb8) are composed of approximately 2000 elements. We have screened a human chromosome 19-specific cosmid library for the presence of Ya5/8 and Yb8 Alu family members. This analysis resulted in the identification of 12 Ya5/8 Alu family members and 15 Yb8 Alu family members from human chromosome 19. The total number of Ya5/8 and Yb8 Alu family members located on human chromosome 19 does not differ from that expected based upon random integration of Alu repeats within the human genome. The distribution of both subfamilies of Alu elements along human chromosome 19 also appears to be random. DNA sequence analysis of the individual Alu elements revealed a low level of random mutations within both subfamilies of Alu elements consistent with their recent evolutionary origin. Oligonucleotide primers complementary to the flanking unique sequences adjacent to each Alu element were used in polymerase chain reaction assays to determine the phylogenetic distribution and human genomic variation associated with each Alu family member. All of the chromosome 19-specific Ya5/8 and Yb8 Alu family members were restricted to the human genome and absent from orthologous positions within the genomes of several non-human primates. Three of the Yb8 Alu family members were polymorphic for insertion presence/absence within the genomes of a diverse array of human populations. The polymorphic Alu elements will be useful tools for the study of human population genetics. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Stanley S Scott Canc Ctr,Neurosci Ctr Excellence, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biometry & Genet, Stanley S Scott Canc Ctr,Neurosci Ctr Excellence, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stanley S Scott Canc Ctr,Neurosci Ctr Excellence, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Human Genome Ctr L452, Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Batzer, MA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Stanley S Scott Canc Ctr,Neurosci Ctr Excellence, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 4 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5 BP 843 EP 856 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1984 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 117FX UT WOS:000075771200008 PM 9719639 ER PT J AU Bachrach, S Berry, RS Blume, M von Foerster, T Fowler, A Ginsparg, P Heller, S Kestner, N Odlyzko, A Okerson, A Wigington, R Fowler, A AF Bachrach, S Berry, RS Blume, M von Foerster, T Fowler, A Ginsparg, P Heller, S Kestner, N Odlyzko, A Okerson, A Wigington, R Fowler, A TI Who should own scientific papers? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Chicago, Searle Chem Dept, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Springer Verlag, New York, NY 10010 USA. Elect Frontier Fdn, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theory Div Dept, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USDA, Natl Agr Lib, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. AT&T Labs Res, Florham Park, NJ 07932 USA. Yale Univ Lib, New Haven, CT 06502 USA. Amer Chem Soc, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. Amer Acad Arts & Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Bachrach, S (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. OI Bachrach, Steven/0000-0002-7628-7947 NR 2 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 4 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5382 BP 1459 EP 1460 DI 10.1126/science.281.5382.1459 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116RJ UT WOS:000075738100023 PM 9750115 ER PT J AU Lawrence, DJ Feldman, WC Barraclough, BL Binder, AB Elphic, RC Maurice, S Thomsen, DR AF Lawrence, DJ Feldman, WC Barraclough, BL Binder, AB Elphic, RC Maurice, S Thomsen, DR TI Global elemental maps of the moon: The Lunar Prospector gamma-ray spectrometer SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION AB Lunar Prospector gamma-ray spectrometer spectra along with counting rate maps of thorium, potassium, and iron delineate Large compositional variations over the lunar surface. Thorium and potassium are highly concentrated in and around the nearside western maria and Less so in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Counting rate maps of iron gamma-rays show a surface iron distribution that is in general agreement with other measurements from Clementine and the Lunar Prospector neutron detectors. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lunar Res Inst, Gilroy, CA 95020 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Lawrence, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 NR 12 TC 179 Z9 192 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 4 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5382 BP 1484 EP 1489 DI 10.1126/science.281.5382.1484 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116RJ UT WOS:000075738100034 PM 9727970 ER PT J AU Feldman, WC Barraclough, BL Maurice, S Elphic, RC Lawrence, DJ Thomsen, DR Binder, AB AF Feldman, WC Barraclough, BL Maurice, S Elphic, RC Lawrence, DJ Thomsen, DR Binder, AB TI Major compositional units of the moon: Lunar prospector thermal and fast neutrons SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN CONTENT; SPECTRA AB Global maps of thermal and fast neutron fluxes from the moon suggest three end-member compositional units. A high thermal and Low fast neutron flux unit correlates with the Lunar highlands and is consistent with feldspathic rocks. The South Pole-Aitken basin and a strip that surrounds the nearside maria have intermediate thermal and fast neutron flux Levels, consistent with more mafic rocks. There appears to be a smooth transition between the most mafic and feldspathic compositions, which correspond to Low and high surface altitudes, respectively. The maria show Low thermal and high fast neutron fluxes, consistent with basaltic rocks. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Lunar Res Inst, Gilroy, CA 95020 USA. RP Feldman, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D-466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 NR 19 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 4 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5382 BP 1489 EP 1493 DI 10.1126/science.281.5382.1489 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116RJ UT WOS:000075738100035 ER PT J AU Elphic, RC Lawrence, DJ Feldman, WC Barraclough, BL Maurice, S Binder, AB Lucey, PG AF Elphic, RC Lawrence, DJ Feldman, WC Barraclough, BL Maurice, S Binder, AB Lucey, PG TI Lunar Fe and Ti abundances: Comparison of lunar prospector and Clementine data SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON AB The Lunar Prospector neutron spectrometer data correlate well with iron and titanium abundances obtained through analysis of Clementine spectral reflectance data. With the iron and titanium dependence removed, the neutron spectrometer data also reveal regions with enhanced amounts of gadolinium and samarium, incompatible rare earth elements that are enriched in the final phases of magma crystallization. These regions are found mainly around the ramparts of the Imbrium impact basin but not around the other basins, including the much larger and deeper South Pole-Aitken basin. This result confirms the compositional uniqueness of the surface and interior of the Imbrium region. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Lunar Res Inst, Gilroy, CA 95020 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Elphic, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 NR 13 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 4 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5382 BP 1493 EP 1496 DI 10.1126/science.281.5382.1493 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116RJ UT WOS:000075738100036 ER PT J AU Feldman, WC Maurice, S Binder, AB Barraclough, BL Elphic, RC Lawrence, DJ AF Feldman, WC Maurice, S Binder, AB Barraclough, BL Elphic, RC Lawrence, DJ TI Fluxes of fast and epithermal neutrons from lunar prospector: Evidence for water ice at the lunar poles SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MERCURY RADAR; MOON; CLEMENTINE; STABILITY; DEPOSITS; IMAGES; MARS AB Maps of epithermal- and fast-neutron fluxes measured by Lunar Prospector were used to search for deposits enriched in hydrogen at both lunar poles. Depressions in epithermal fluxes were observed close to permanently shaded areas at both poles. The peak depression at the North Pole is 4.6 percent below the average epithermal flux intensity at Lower latitudes, and that at the South Pole is 3.0 percent below the Low-Latitude average. No measurable depression in fast neutrons is seen at either pole. These data are consistent with deposits of hydrogen in the form of water ice that are covered by as much as 40 centimeters of desiccated regolith within permanently shaded craters near both poles. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Lunar Res Inst, Gilroy, CA 95020 USA. RP Feldman, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D-466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 NR 27 TC 285 Z9 294 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 4 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5382 BP 1496 EP 1500 DI 10.1126/science.281.5382.1496 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116RJ UT WOS:000075738100037 PM 9727973 ER PT J AU Zhu, JH Pike, LM Liu, CT Liaw, PK AF Zhu, JH Pike, LM Liu, CT Liaw, PK TI Point defects in binary NbCr2 Laves-phase alloys SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhu, JH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP 4 PY 1998 VL 39 IS 7 BP 833 EP 838 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 120DG UT WOS:000075939100001 ER PT J AU Wang, JG Hsiung, LM Nieh, TG AF Wang, JG Hsiung, LM Nieh, TG TI Formation of deformation twins in a crept lamellar TiAl alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; CREEP C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wang, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-370,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP 4 PY 1998 VL 39 IS 7 BP 957 EP 962 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(98)00256-5 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 120DG UT WOS:000075939100019 ER PT J AU Su, SC Bell, AT AF Su, SC Bell, AT TI A study of the structure of vanadium oxide dispersed on zirconia SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC-OXIDATION; MONOLAYER CATALYSTS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SUPPORTS; ZRO2; REACTIVITY; TOLUENE; SILICA; NMR AB Raman and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of vanadia dispersed on high surface area zirconium oxide. Two-dimensional vanadia species with tetrahedral coordination appear on the surface of the ZrO2 and expand in size with increasing V loading. Crystalline V2O5 appears when the vanadia loading exceeds an apparent surface density of 7.0 V atoms/nm(2), and ZrV2O7 is formed as a consequence of zirconia migration into the V2O5 crystallites. A model for the structure of two-dimensional vanadia overlayer is proposed based on the experimental data and information taken from the literature. Vanadia is found to absorb the light scattered by the support, and this gives rise to a reduction in the intensity of the Raman bands for zirconia as the surface loading of vanadia increases. Partial reduction of the dispersed vanadia increases the absorbance of the vanadia and alters the profile of absorbance versus frequency in such a manner as to increase the intensity of the Raman bands for zirconia relative to those for vanadia. Examination of Raman spectra taken after repeated reduction-oxidation cycles suggests that reduction occurs via removal of oxygen from the vanadia monolayer without agglomeration or reorganization of the surface species. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 38 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 36 BP 7000 EP 7007 DI 10.1021/jp9810365 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 119UL UT WOS:000075916100009 ER PT J AU Chaturvedi, S Rodriguez, JA Jirsak, T Hrbek, J AF Chaturvedi, S Rodriguez, JA Jirsak, T Hrbek, J TI Surface chemistry of SO2 on Zn and ZnO: Photoemission and molecular orbital studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Review ID TRANSITION-METAL SURFACES; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; SULFUR-DIOXIDE ADSORPTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; AG(110) SURFACE; ZINC-OXIDE; PT(111); CHEMISORPTION AB The reaction of SO2 with polycrystalline Zn and ZnO surfaces has been investigated using synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio self-consistent-field calculations. The chemistry of SO2 on Zn surfaces is quite complex and depends on both the temperature of adsorption and the SO2 exposure. At 300 K, SO2 dissociates on a clean Zn surface to form atomic sulfur and atomic oxygen (SO2,gas --> S-a + 20(a); SO2,gas --> SOgas + O-a). The Zn <-> SO2 bonding interactions induce a significant weakening of the S-O bonds. The theoretical calculations suggest the eta(2)-O,O and eta(2)-S,O bonding conformations of SO2 as the two possible precursors for the dissociation of the molecule. The dissociation reactions are much more exothermic than the formation of SO3 or SO4: SO2,gas + nO(a) --> SOx, where x = 3 or 2. At high SO2 exposures (300 K), when most surface sites are blocked and dissociation of SO2 cannot occur, SO3 and SO4 are formed on the Zn surface. Adsorption at 100 K suppresses the SO2 dissociation completely, and SO3 is formed through the disproportionation reaction 2SO(2,a) --> SOgas + SO3,a. Zn shows a much higher reactivity toward SO2 than late transition metals. All the results for the reaction of SO2 with ZnO surfaces indicate oxygen to be the active site. The Zn-O bonds in ZnO substantially reduce the electron density of zinc, the metal centers become poor electron donors for pi-back-donation into the LUMO of SO2, and the molecule mostly bonds to the oxygen sites of the oxide surface. Dosing SO2 on ZnO at 300 K results in the formation of surface SO4 species, which are stable to temperatures above 500 K. Results from the ab initio SCF calculations indicate that SO2 adsorbs on an oxygen site to form SO3, which then reacts with a lattice oxygen atom to form SO4. The last step in this process has a substantial activation energy, and after dosing SO2 to ZnO at 100 K a mixture of SO3 and SO4 is produced on the surface. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 101 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 36 BP 7033 EP 7043 DI 10.1021/jp982269z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 119UL UT WOS:000075916100014 ER PT J AU Caldeira, K AF Caldeira, K TI Too intelligent for our own good SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate Syst Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Caldeira, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate Syst Modeling Grp, 7000 East Ave,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 395 IS 6697 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116JY UT WOS:000075722200014 PM 9738488 ER PT J AU Meldrum, A Zinkle, SJ Boatner, LA Ewing, RC AF Meldrum, A Zinkle, SJ Boatner, LA Ewing, RC TI A transient liquid-like phase in the displacement cascades of zircon, hafnon and thorite SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; ION MICROPROBE; AMORPHIZATION; IRRADIATION; BEHAVIOR; METALS; ENERGY AB The study of radiation effects in solids is important for the development of 'radiation-resistant' materials for fission-reactor applications'. The effects of heavy-ion irradiation in the isostructural orthosilicates zircon (ZrSiO4), hafnon (HfSiO4) and thorite (ThSiO4) are particularly important because these minerals are under active investigation for use as a waste form for plutonium-239 resulting from the dismantling of nuclear weapons(2-4). During ion irradiation, localized 'cascades' of displaced atoms can form as a result of ballistic collisions in the target material, and the temperature inside these regions may for a short time exceed the bulk melting temperature. Whether these cascades do indeed generate a localized liquid state(5-8) has, however, remained unclear. Here we investigate the irradiation-induced decomposition of zircon and hafnon, and find evidence for formation of a liquidlike state in the displacement cascades. Our results explain the frequent occurrence of ZrO2 in natural amorphous zircong(9-12) Moreover, we conclude that zircon-based nuclear waste forms should be maintained within strict temperature Limits, to avoid potentially detrimental irradiation-induced amorphization or phase decomposition of the zircon. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Meldrum, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM al-m@worldnet.att.net RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 30 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 24 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 395 IS 6697 BP 56 EP 58 DI 10.1038/25698 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116JY UT WOS:000075722200043 ER PT J AU Agashe, K AF Agashe, K TI An improved model of direct gauge mediation SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING AB We present a new, improved model of gauge mediation of dynamical SUSY Breaking: the model does not have gauge messengers or similar to 10 TeV scalars charged under the Standard Model (SM), thus avoiding the problem of negative (mass)(2) for supersymmetric SM (SSM) scalars faced by some earlier models. The gauge mediation is direct, i.e., the messengers which communicate SUSY breaking to the SSM fields carry quantum numbers of the gauge group which breaks SUSY. These messenger fields couple to a modulus field. The model has a very simple particle content: the modulus and the messengers are the only chiral superfields (other than the SSM fields) in the model. The inverted hierarchy mechanism is used to generate a local SUSY breaking minimum for the modulus field in a perturbative regime thus making the model calculable. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Agashe, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KSAgashe@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 435 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00779-5 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124FK UT WOS:000076171600012 ER PT J AU Baer, H Mercadante, PG Paige, F Tata, X Wang, YL AF Baer, H Mercadante, PG Paige, F Tata, X Wang, YL TI LHC reach for gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking models via prompt photon channels SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; LARGE HADRON COLLIDER; FERMILAB TEVATRON; MINIMAL SUPERGRAVITY; ENERGY; SIGNALS; UNIFICATION; GRAVITINO; MASS AB We evaluate the supersymmetry reach of the Large Hadron Collider within the gauge-mediated low energy supersymmetry breaking framework, assuming that a neutralino is the second lightest sparticle and that it decays promptly into a gravitino which escapes detection. We find that the maximum reach is obtained via a search for inclusive gamma gamma + E-T events coming dominantly from chargino and neutralino production. Assuming an integrated luminosity of 10 fb(-1), we find that LHC experiments will be able to probe values of the model parameter Lambda less than or similar to 400 TeV, corresponding to m((g) over tilde) less than or equal to 2.8 TeV. A measure of the model parameter,I may be possible from the photon p(T) spectrum. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Baer, H (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012 NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 435 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00794-1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 124FK UT WOS:000076171600015 ER PT J AU Hammer, L Graupner, H Blum, V Heinz, K Ownby, GW Zehner, DM AF Hammer, L Graupner, H Blum, V Heinz, K Ownby, GW Zehner, DM TI Segregation phenomena on surfaces of the ordered bimetallic alloy FeAl SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alloys; aluminum; Auger electron spectroscopy; iron; low energy electron diffraction (LEED); surface segregation; surface structure, morphology, roughness and topography ID ION-SCATTERING; RIPPLED RELAXATION; NIAL(110) SURFACE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; LEED; DIFFRACTION; FEAL(110); NICKEL AB The segregation and ordering behavior of the (100), (110), (210), (310) and (111) surfaces of the ordered intermetallic compound FeAl were investigated by means of AES and LEED. Starting from preferentially sputtered, i.e. Al-depleted surfaces sequential annealing leads to segregation of aluminum for all five surfaces. For intermediate annealing temperatures several ordered superstructures are found for the low index surfaces, which can partly be attributed to metastable Fe3Al films developing at the surfaces. All well-annealed surfaces exhibit Al concentrations beyond bulk stoichiometry. The (100) surface is found to be Al terminated, additionally the second layer is enriched in Al. For all other FeAl surfaces no 1x1 diffraction patterns are observed in the whole temperature range up to 1000 degrees C, indicating the absence of bulk terminated surfaces, in contrast to the equivalent surfaces of NiAl. An incommensurate surface alloy of FeAl2 stoichiometry finally forms on the most densely packed FeAl(110) surface. The other more open surfaces are characterized by multilayer segregation of Al. While (111) and (210) surfaces develop long-range surface reconstructions (3 x 3 and 1 x 3), the (310) surface is unstable and facets. The differences in the segregation behavior between NiAl and FeAl can qualitatively be explained by a combination of different segregation models using the heat of formation of the alloy. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All nights reserved. C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Festkorperphys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hammer, L (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Festkorperphys, Staudtstr 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. EM l.hammer@fkp.physik.uni-erlangen.de RI Hammer, Lutz/D-9863-2013; Blum, Volker/J-6591-2012 OI Blum, Volker/0000-0001-8660-7230 NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 412-13 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00370-7 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122TC UT WOS:000076086700010 ER PT J AU Fenter, P Schreiber, F Berman, L Scoles, G Eisenberger, P Bedzyk, MJ AF Fenter, P Schreiber, F Berman, L Scoles, G Eisenberger, P Bedzyk, MJ TI On the structure and evolution of the buried S/Au interface in self-assembled monolayers: X-ray standing wave results SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE decanethiol; gold; metal-organic interfaces; self-assembly; single crystal surfaces; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; X-ray standing waves ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; LOW-INDEX PLANES; N-ALKANE THIOLS; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; GOLD SURFACES; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION AB We describe a structural study of the S/Au interface for decanethiol monolayers (C10) on a Au(111) surface using the technique of X-ray standing waves (XSWs). The XSW results for full-coverage monolayers are inconsistent with any model incorporating a single sulfur adsorption site, such as the widely assumed threefold hollow site on the Au(111) surface. Instead, the XSW results reveal two distinct sulfur head group sites, each with a distinct lateral and vertical location with respect to the underlying gold lattice. We discuss structural models that are consistent with these results. We have also studied the evolution of the structure versus coverage with XSW and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and have determined that the local S/Au interface structure of the "lying down" striped phase at low coverages (0.27 ML, 1 ML=4.62 x 10(14) molecules cm(-2)) is indistinguishable from that of the "standing up" c(4 x 2) phase at saturation (1 ML). Some important implications concerning the structure acid growth of these monolayers are discussed. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Max Planck Inst Met Forsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Fenter, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013; Schreiber, Frank/J-3311-2014 OI Schreiber, Frank/0000-0003-3659-6718 NR 74 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 412-13 BP 213 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00428-2 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122TC UT WOS:000076086700022 ER PT J AU Henderson, MA Otero-Tapia, S Castro, ME AF Henderson, MA Otero-Tapia, S Castro, ME TI Electron-induced decomposition of methanol on the vacuum-annealed surface of TiO2(110) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alcohols; electron bombardment; electron stimulated desorption (ESD); single crystal surfaces; thermal desorption; thermal desorption spectroscopy; titanium oxide ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; STIMULATED DESORPTION; CONDENSED METHANOL; IMPACT IONIZATION; OXIDE SURFACES; CROSS-SECTIONS; FORMIC-ACID; FT-IR; ADSORPTION; WATER AB The 100 eV electron-induced decomposition (EID) of methanol adsorbed on the vacuum-annealed surface of TiO2(110) at 135 K was examined with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and electron-stimulated desorption (ESD). By annealing at 850 K, a TiO2(110) surface was reproducibly prepared with an oxygen vacancy coverage of about 0.08 ML (where 1 ML = 5.2 x 10(14) sires cm(-2)). In the absence of electron irradiation. CH3OH adsorbed on the vacuum-annealed surface in three main TPD states: a molecular state at 295 K and two dissociative states at 350 and 480 K. The 480 K state was assigned to methoxyls at oxygen vacancy sites, and the 350 K state was due to methoxyls at non-vacancy sites. The surface coverages in these states for the saturated monolayer were 0.40 ML (295 K), 0.15 ML (350 K) and 0.08 ML (480 K). Although CH3OH dissociated on the surface, no irreversible decomposition was observed, and CH3OH was the only desorption product in TPD. By heating a multilayer CH3OH exposure to 197, 310 and 410 K, followed by recooling to 135 K, methanol adlayers could be prepared containing only the saturated monolayer, only both types of methoxyl and only the methoxyls at vacancies, respectively. Given these preparation conditions, the 100 eV EID of each methanol-related species was examined. Using CD3OD, the major positive ESD ions detected from multilayer methanol were D+, O+/CD2+ and OD+/CD3+ (the latter were mostly O+ and OD+ based on results with CH3OH) with weaker signals from C+, CD+, CO+, DCO+ and CD2OD+. However, the monolayer gave D+ and O+, with weak signals from OD+ and CD+. The EID cross-section for molecularly adsorbed CH3OH (1.7 x 10(-16) cm(2)) was only a factor of three less than the literature values for the total dissociative cross-section in the gas phase suggesting that the TiO2(110) surace had little or no influence on the dissociative ionization process. No carbon-containing surface products were detected in post-irradiation TPD associated with EID of molecular CH3OH, including no additional methoxyl formation. The initial EID cross-sections for the two types of methoxyls were approximately equivalent regardless of the surface condition, but were a factor of 5 greater in the presence of CH3OH (3.0-3.4 x 10(-15) cm(2)) than in its absence (5.8-6.2 x 10(-16) cm(2)). EID of both vacancy and non-vacancy methoxyl resulted in H2CO products bound at the same sites, but vacancy-bound H2CO was resistant to further EID, whereas non-vacancy H2CO was decomposed with further electron exposure. Total D+ ESD cross-sections were several orders of magnitude lower than those measured by post-irradiation TPD, suggesting that the major EID channels involved ejection of neutral species. These results demonstrated the ability of low-energy electrons to active organics adsorbed on oxide surfaces with high cross-sections, and suggest that the EID cross-sections and products for surface organics depend on the coverage, adsorption state and adsorption site as in the case of methanol in TiO2(110). Based on these conclusions, low-energy electrons produced from adsorption of ionizing radiation may play a significant role in the radiocatalytic destruction of organics over oxide catalysis. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Interfacial & Proc Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Interfacial & Proc Sci Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ma.henderson@pnl.gov NR 59 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 412-13 BP 252 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00434-8 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122TC UT WOS:000076086700025 ER PT J AU Chaturvedi, S Rodriguez, J Jirsak, T Hrbek, J AF Chaturvedi, S Rodriguez, J Jirsak, T Hrbek, J TI Ag "promoted" sulfidation of metal and oxide surfaces: A photoemission study of the interaction of sulfur with Ag/Rh(111) and Ag/ZnO SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE photoelectron spectroscopy; rhodium; silver; sulfur; surface chemical reaction; zinc oxide ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; GAS SHIFT REACTION; CHEMISORPTIVE PROPERTIES; REPULSIVE INTERACTIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; THERMAL-DESORPTION; COPPER OVERLAYERS; CO CHEMISORPTION; ALUMINA SURFACES; ADSORPTION AB The interaction of S-2 with Ag/Rh(111) and Ag/ZnO surfaces has been investigated using high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy. In general, silver "promotes" the reaction of S, with both clean Rh(111) and polycrystalline ZnO. On dosing Ag/Rh(111) surfaces with S, at 300 K, the S 2p spectra show the presence of multiple sulfur species (S, S-n polymers). Annealing to 500 K decomposes the sulfur species that have significant S-S bonding and, in addition, results in the formation of metal-sulfur bonds (Rh-S and Ag-S). The formation of Rh-S bonds is indicated by a big drop in the density of states at the Fermi edge, while the formation of Ag-S bonds is evidenced by a slight positive shift (0.4 eV) and narrowing of the Ag 4d band. On Ag/Rh(111) surfaces, the rare of adsorption of S-2 is substantially larger than on Rh(111). A comparison of these results with those previously reported for the S-2/Ag/Mo(110) and S-2/Ag/Pt(111) systems indicates that Ag adatoms have the "ability" to enhance the rate of sulfidation of transition metal surfaces. On zinc oxide the Ag overlayers show a band structure that is significantly different from that of pure metallic Ag. Nevertheless, the reactivity of the Ag/ZnO surfaces towards sulfur adsorption is larger than that of pure ZnO. Ag clusters supported on ZnO react with S-2 to form AgSx species which are stable up to temperatures above 500 K. The supported Ag clusters provide a large number of electronic states that are efficient at donating electrons to the S-2(2 pi(g)) orbitals, inducing in this way the breaking of the S-S bonds and the formation of AgSx. When Ag is vapor deposited on S/ZnO surfaces, the sulfur migrates from the oxide to on-top of the Ag overlayer. This migration is favored by differences in the strength of the Ag-->S and ZnO-->S electron-donor interactions. Trends in the poisoning of metal/oxide catalysts by sulfur are discussed in terms of a simple mode based on perturbation theory and the Huckel or tight-binding method. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@quantum.chm.bnl.gov RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 412-13 BP 273 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00436-1 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122TC UT WOS:000076086700026 ER PT J AU Liu, P Kendelewicz, T Gordon, GE Parks, GA AF Liu, P Kendelewicz, T Gordon, GE Parks, GA TI Reaction of water with MgO(100) surfaces. Part I: Synchrotron X-ray photoemission studies of low-defect surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; equilibrium thermodynamics; LEED; magnesium oxide; single-crystal surfaces; synchrotron; radiation photoelectron spectroscopy; water ID ACIDO-BASIC PROPERTIES; SIMPLE OXIDE SURFACES; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; STIMULATED DESORPTION; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ADSORPTION; MGO; PHOTOELECTRON; VAPOR AB Synchrotron-based photoemission spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction were used to study the reaction of water vapor at 300 K and different water vapor pressures, p(H2O), ranging from 5 x 10(-9) Torr to 10(-3) Torr (3 min exposure at each pressure), with vacuum-cleaved MgO(100) surfaces that had low (5-10%) defect densities. The O 1s, Mg 2p, and O 2s/VB spectra were acquired at photon energies chosen to optimize surface sensitivity. O 1s and O 2s/VB spectra are sensitive to water adsorption onto MgO(100) even at very low water vapor exposures [<10(-8) Torr for 3 min (<1.8 L)], whereas Mg 2p spectra show significant changes only for high exposures [greater than or equal to 10(-4) Torr for 3 min (greater than or equal to 1.8 x 10(4) L)]. Comparison of these spectra with similar spectra of MgO(100) surfaces immersed in bulk water and of polycrystalline Mg(OH)(2) indicates that water chemisorbs dissociatively in two distinct stages on "low defect" MgO(100) surfaces, forming surface hydroxyl groups. The first stage occurs at water vapor exposures less than or equal to 3 x 10(-5) Torr for 3 min (less than or equal to 5.4 x 10(3) L) or for 30 min (less than or equal to 5.4 x 10(4) L) and involves a relatively fast reaction with surface defects (corner and edge-step sites and point defects) comprising 5-10% of the surface sites, in agreement with recent first-principles electronic structure calculations. The second stage occurs at higher water vapor pressures (>10(-4) Torr for 3 min) and involves dissociative chemisorption of water on terrace sites, which is not predicted by recent first-principles calculations. The apparent sticking coefficient for the first reaction stage (greater than or equal to 0.16) is about four orders of magnitude larger than that for the second reaction stage (greater than or equal to 3 x 10(-5)), suggesting that the second reaction stage requires significantly more activation energy than the first stage. Our results also suggest that the hydroxylation reaction is not sensitive to exposure time below a threshold pressure of approximate to 10(-4) Torr. Although both kinetic and thermodynamic interpretations are possible, a thermodynamic analysis of the hydroxylation reaction (using bulk solid free energies) predicts approximately the same threshold pressure as observed. After the surface is fully hydroxylated, additional water can be physisorbed on the hydroxyl layer. Analysis of O 1s spectra taken from the same surface but at different photon energies indicates that hydroxyls are formed predominantly on the surface and not in the bulk under these exposure conditions. Our experimental data also show that the 4-6 eV electrons used to mitigate surface change during the photoemission experiments have no effect on the dissociation of water on the MgO(100) surface. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pingl@pangea.sranford.edu NR 60 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 412-13 BP 287 EP 314 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00444-0 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122TC UT WOS:000076086700027 ER PT J AU Liu, P Kendelewicz, T Brown, GE AF Liu, P Kendelewicz, T Brown, GE TI Reaction of water with MgO(100) surfaces. Part II: Synchrotron photoemission studies of defective surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; equilibrium thermodynamics; LEED; magnesium oxide; polycrystalline surfaces; surface defects; synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy; water ID ENERGY-LOSS-SPECTROSCOPY; ACIDO-BASIC PROPERTIES; SIMPLE OXIDE SURFACES; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; VACANCY DEFECTS; STEP MORPHOLOGY; MGO SURFACES; X-RAY; ADSORPTION AB Synchrotron-based photoemission spectroscopy (PES), low energy electron diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, and optical and atomic force microscopy were used to study the reaction of water vapor [at pressures p(H2O) less than or equal to 2.0 x 10(-5) Torr for 3 min] with UHV cleaved MgO(100) surfaces with different levels of surface defects. The surfaces studied included flat and stepped single-crystal surfaces, wavy polycrystalline surfaces, and Ar+-sputtered flat single-crystal surfaces. AFM and optical microscopy studies revealed that these surfaces have very different surface step densities. The threshold p(H2O) value for hydroxylation of the flat MgO(100) surface is approximate to 10(-4) Torr (independent of exposure time), and reactions below this threshold occur dominantly at surface defect sites, which provides a means of estimating surface defect densities. Our results show that water dissociatively chemisorbs at defect sites on MgO(100) surfaces at the residual gas pressure of the UHV chamber (<1 x 10(-10) Torr). At p(H2O) less than or equal to 2 x 10(-5) Torr the coverage of hydroxyls is estimated to be approximately 5%, 20%, 20%, and 35% of a monolayer for the flat, stepped, wavy, and Ar+-sputtered MgO(100) surfaces, respectively (here we define one monolayer as one hydroxyl per surface site, or one water molecule, or two hydroxyls, per surface unit cell); these hydroxyl coverage values are used as a measure of surface defect densities. The defects are dominantly steps on cleaved surfaces, except for the Arc-sputtered surface which should contain a significant number of point defects as well. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to estimate the lower limit p(H2O) for hydroxylation of surface defect sites, and the calculated p(H2O) for dissociative chemisorption of water on defect sites is <10(-11) Torr, which is consistent with experimental observations. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Liu, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pingl@pangea.stanford.edu NR 50 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 412-13 BP 315 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00445-2 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122TC UT WOS:000076086700028 ER PT J AU Epling, WS Peden, CHF Henderson, MA Diebold, U AF Epling, WS Peden, CHF Henderson, MA Diebold, U TI Evidence for oxygen adatoms on TiO2(110) resulting from O-2 dissociation at vacancy sites SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia; electron energy loss spectroscopy; oxygen; single crystal surfaces; surface chemical reaction; surface defects; thermal desorption; thermal desorption spectroscopy; titanium oxide; water ID ADSORPTION; SURFACE; WATER; DESORPTION; TIO2; H2O AB Annealing TiO2(110) in vacuum at high temperature (above about 800 K)generates oxygen vacancy sites that are associated with reduced surface cations. Numerous studies have shown that these sites can be oxidized by exposure to molecular oxygen, but the mechanism and temperature dependence of this oxidation process are not well understood. We present results that suggest low temperature (1600 K) O-2 exposure oxidizes oxygen vacancies but also leaves oxygen-containing species on the surface that we propose are oxygen adatoms, The presence of these oxygen adatoms is evident in the temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectrum of water. Oxidizing the vacuum annealed surface at 700 K produces a fully oxidized TiO2(110) surface that gives a single monolayer TPD state for water at 270 K, Exposing the vacuum annealed surface to O-2 at temperatures between 90 and 600 K followed by water adsorption at 90 K results in a new water TPD state 25 K higher in temperature. Similar results were obtained using ammonia instead of water. Isotopic labeling experiments, in which the vacuum annealed surface was dosed with O-18(2) at 135 K followed by (H2O)-O-16 at 135 K, indicate that the new water TPD state results from recombinative desorption, whereas no such effect is observed for the surface exposed to O-18(2) at 700 K. The effect on water is also absent in TPD if the low temperature O-2 treated surface is heated to 600 K prior to water adsorption at 90 K, suggesting that the oxygen adatoms desorb from the surface or diffuse into the bulk. We propose that at low temperatures, O-2 dissociates at oxygen vacancies filling each defect site with one O atom and depositing a second O adatom at a five-coordinate Ti4+ site or that O-2 interacts with surface hydroxyl groups resulting in O-2 dissociation and the presence of the O adatom. The new dissociative water chemistry results from the interaction of water molecules with these oxygen adatoms. After high temperature (1600 K) O-2 exposure, no dissociative water chemistry is observed, suggesting that these oxygen adatoms are not present on the surface. The presence of surface O adatoms may explain inconsistencies in the literature regarding the reactivity of water, and potentially other species, on TiO2(110). These results also detail the importance of sample preparation techniques on the chemistry which can occur at a solid surface. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Henderson, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ma.henderson@pnl.gov RI Diebold, Ulrike/A-3681-2010; OI Diebold, Ulrike/0000-0003-0319-5256; Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 23 TC 228 Z9 229 U1 4 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 412-13 BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00446-4 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122TC UT WOS:000076086700029 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Robinson, IK Adzic, RR AF Wang, JX Robinson, IK Adzic, RR TI Formation of well-ordered surface compounds by coadsorption of thallium and bromide on the Au(111) electrode surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bromide; electrochemical methods; surface relaxation and reconstruction; surface structure; thallium; X-ray scattering ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CU UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; IN-SITU STM; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; TL-ADLAYERS; COPPER; MONOLAYERS; ADSORPTION; RELAXATION AB The structures of the adlayers formed on Au(111) in acid solution containing thallium and bromide have been investigated by using in situ surface X-ray diffraction. At the most positive potentials, where Br forms close-packed rotated-hexagonal monolayers, the surface is free of Tl. The Br adlayer disorders at the potential where thallium starts to coadsorb. With further decreasing potential, two well-ordered commensurate and one weakly-ordered incommensurate phases appear over a 0.7 V potential region prior to the formation of the close-packed rotated-hexagonal Tl monolayer, The structure factor analysis for the commensurate phases shows the formation of TlBr2 and TlBr surface compounds in the 3-(root 13 x root 13) and 2-(3 x root 5) phases, respectively. In addition, an adlayer-induced subsurface relaxation has been observed. Under the 2TlBr-(3 x root 3) adlayer, where bromide ions are at the bridge sites and thallium ions are situated near the hollow sites, the top layer of Au atoms displaces laterally along the root 3 direction. This results in more uniform spacings between T1 and the three neighboring gold atoms, as well as an increase of the Br-Au separation. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Chem Sci, Bldg 815, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jia@solids.phy.bnl.gov RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 3 PY 1998 VL 412-13 BP 374 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00450-6 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122TC UT WOS:000076086700033 ER PT J AU Figgis, BN Sobolev, AN Young, DM Schultz, AJ Reynolds, PA AF Figgis, BN Sobolev, AN Young, DM Schultz, AJ Reynolds, PA TI X-ray-neutron study of the electron density in diammonium hexaaquairon(II) disulfate-d(20) at 10.5 K and the success of ligand field modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FERROUS TUTTON SALT; CHARGE-DENSITY; SULFATE HEXAHYDRATE; BONDING-DEFORMATION; DIFFRACTION DATA; SPIN-DENSITY; COCL42 ION; 25-K; (ND4)2CU(SO4)2.6D2O; SUPERPOSITION AB We have obtained an X-ray diffraction data set at 10.5(5) K and a neutron diffraction data set at 12(2) K for the title compound. The atomic positional and displacement parameters derived from the two data sets agree satisfactorily, as the very low temperatures markedly reduce systematic errors. In the partial X-ray-neutron analysis of the X-ray data it was necessary to use a multipole model that introduces additional flexibility in the radial functions for valence orbitals of atoms. The electron density around the iron site is compared with that produced by a ligand-field model which has been used to interpret and collate a number of measurements of physical properties of the compound. Good agreement is obtained for the shape and orientation of the 3d density, but there are some quantitative differences. There are large 4p densities, due to covalent transfer from the ligating water molecules. We confirm on the one hand the ability of the X-ray experiment to give detailed chemically relevant information and on the other hand that, with care, ligand-field theory may be used in the quantitative prediction of transition metal ion physical properties. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Dept Chem, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reynolds, PA (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 2 PY 1998 VL 120 IS 34 BP 8715 EP 8723 DI 10.1021/ja9739805 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 116TQ UT WOS:000075741300018 ER PT J AU Li, DQ Lutt, M Fitzsimmons, MR Synowicki, R Hawley, ME Brown, GW AF Li, DQ Lutt, M Fitzsimmons, MR Synowicki, R Hawley, ME Brown, GW TI Preparation, characterization, and properties of mixed organic and polymeric self-assembled multilayers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MONOLAYERS; SURFACE; GOLD AB Multilayer thin films consisting of layer-pairs of oppositely charged macrocycles (nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate, NiPc) and macromolecules (poly(diallydimethylammonium) chloride, PDDA) were fabricated using self-assembly techniques. The film structures were characterized with X-ray reflectometry, from which the roughness (similar to 2-7 Angstrom) of the film growth surface, the average electron density of each layer-pair, the mean thickness of the layer-pairs (similar to 10.5 Angstrom), and the overall thickness of the multilayer samples were deduced. Measurements of film thicknesses were applied as constraints to an analysis of spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements of the films. Imposition of these constraints increased the confidence of the optical constant refinements deduced from ellipsometry. We find, for multilayers of PDDA and NiPc, a refractive index of n approximate to 1.6-1.8 in the nonabsorption region of the visible and near-infrared (IR) spectrum and an extinction coefficient in close agreement with the measured electron optical absorption at 630 and 665 nm. Atomic force microscopy was also used to observe surface morphology and determine grain size distribution and roughness for selected films. An increase in surface roughness (similar to 5-15 Angstrom) was observed as the number of layer-pairs in the film increased from 3 to 27. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. JA Woollam Co Inc, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Li, DQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 34 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 2 PY 1998 VL 120 IS 34 BP 8797 EP 8804 DI 10.1021/ja981232p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 116TQ UT WOS:000075741300026 ER PT J AU Hu, PS Trumble, DA Foley, DJ Eberhard, JW Wallace, RB AF Hu, PS Trumble, DA Foley, DJ Eberhard, JW Wallace, RB TI Crash risks of older drivers: A panel data analysis SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE older drivers; highway safety; crash risks ID VEHICLE COLLISION INJURIES; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; ELDERLY DRIVERS AB Considerable progress has been made on understanding older drivers' safely issues. None the less, findings from previous research have been rather inconclusive. Differences in data and research methodology have been suggested as factors that contribute to the discrepancies in previous findings. One of the methodological limitations is the lack of considering temporal order between events (i.e. the time between onset of medical condition, symptom and crash). Without time-series data, a 'snap-shot' of medical conditions and driving patterns were often linked to more than 1 year of crash data, hoping to accumulate enough data on crashes. The interpretation of the results from these studies is difficult in that one cannot explicitly attribute the increase in highway crash rates to medical conditions and/or physical limitations. This paper uses a panel data analysis to identify factors that place older drivers at greater crash risk. Our results show that factors that place female drivers at greater crash risk are different from those influencing male drivers. More risk factors were found to be significant in affecting older men's involvement in crashes than older women. When the analysis controlled for the amount of driving, women who live alone or who experience back pain were found to have a higher crash risk. Similarly, men who are employed, score low on word-recall tests, have a history of glaucoma, or use antidepressant drugs were found to have a higher crash risk. The most influential risk factors in men were the number of miles driven, and use of antidepressants. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Accustat Inc, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Washington, DC 20590 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Prevent Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Hu, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Bldg 3156,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 30 IS 5 BP 569 EP 581 DI 10.1016/S0001-4575(98)00019-0 PG 13 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA ZZ951 UT WOS:000074785800002 PM 9678211 ER PT J AU Tafto, J Zhu, YM Wu, LJ AF Tafto, J Zhu, YM Wu, LJ TI A new approach towards measuring structure factors and valence-electron distribution in crystals with large unit cells SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-FACTOR REFINEMENT; DIFFRACTION; TEMPERATURE; YBA2CU3O7; PATTERNS; STRAIN AB By focusing a probe of fast electrons above or below the specimen level in convergent-beam electron diffraction, shadow images of many reflections are recorded in one exposure. For wedge-shaped crystals, this procedure provides a means of recording thickness or Pendellosung fringes of many reflections simultaneously, which ensures that the experimental conditions with respect to thickness variations and crystallographic direction of the incident beam are the same for all reflections. Disturbing defects within the illuminated area of the specimen are immediately revealed in the shadow images of the different reflections. The approach is introduced by using strontium titanate and silicon as examples. As a case study, the technique is applied to the dense (00l) reciprocal-lattice row of the superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 to address charge transfer and electron-hole distribution by determining the amplitudes and phases of the 001 and 002 reflections. By this approach, the absolute values of the structure factors are obtained from the very thin regions where the kinematical theory applies. Based on these approximate absolute values, the signs of the structure factors in centrosymmetrical crystals are determined by comparing dynamically calculated and observed intensities in somewhat thicker crystal regions for different combinations of signs. As a third step, the structure factors are refined by comparing the calculated and experimental intensity profiles within the entire observed thickness range. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tafto, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 532 EP 542 DI 10.1107/S0108767397018369 PN 5 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 120HM UT WOS:000075951000002 ER PT J AU Szoke, A AF Szoke, A TI Use of statistical information in X-ray crystallography with application to the holographic method SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION DATA; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; SYMMETRY; MAPS AB The holographic method solves the crystallographic inverse problem in real space. In addition to the measured structure-factor amplitudes, it uses other available information such as the positivity of the electron density, knowledge of part of the structure as well as MIR and/or MAD data. In the present paper, the range of useful information is extended to include knowledge that is statistical in nature. For example, it is known that the distribution of the structure-factor amplitudes of large molecules is described by Wilson statistics. Bayesian methods are used to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio of experimental measurements, to estimate missing reflections and to extrapolate measured data to higher resolution. In a similar vein, the cost function in the holographic algorithm is modified to account for the uncertainties of the measured structure factors. It is also shown how statistical knowledge about the unsolved part of the molecule may be utilized. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Szoke, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 543 EP 562 DI 10.1107/S0108767397019235 PN 5 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 120HM UT WOS:000075951000003 ER PT J AU Littrell, KC Allman, BE Motrunich, OI Werner, SA AF Littrell, KC Allman, BE Motrunich, OI Werner, SA TI The effects of dynamical diffraction on the measurement of gravitationally induced quantum phase shifts by neutron interferometry SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID NONINERTIAL FRAMES; INTERFERENCE; GRAVITY; ROTATION; FIELD AB The proper analysis of experiments to measure the quantum-mechanical phase shift due to potential gradients such as gravity across a perfect-silicon-crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometer for neutrons is complicated by the highly dispersive nature of the dynamical diffraction process describing the propagation of neutrons through a perfect crystal. Through dynamical diffraction, a coherent monochromatic incident beam of neutrons that does not exactly satisfy the Bragg condition is split into two currents within each crystal so that there are 16 possible coherent interfering trajectories by which the neutron can traverse the interferometer. In this work, previous calculations of the effects of dynamical diffraction on gravitationally induced phase-shift measurements are extended to include effects in all exit beams and internal effects within the subbeams for both symmetric and skew-symmetric interferometers. For the interferometers used in a recent experiment in which the gravitationally induced phase shift of the neutron is measured with a statistical uncertainty of the order of 1 part in 1000, it is found that these effects predict an increase of a few percent in the magnitude of the phase shift. Additionally, some consequences on the phase and contrast of restricting the beams within and after the interferometer are discussed. Agreement of this theory with experiment and the general applicability of the model is discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Littrell, KC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM werner@nopt.physics.missouri.edu RI Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 563 EP 580 DI 10.1107/S0108767398001330 PN 5 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 120HM UT WOS:000075951000004 ER PT J AU Skinner, JM Sweet, RM AF Skinner, JM Sweet, RM TI Integrated software for a macromolecular crystallography synchrotron beamline SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM AB A package of software has been produced for the operation of the synchrotron beamline X12-C at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory Years of observing common user mistakes has enabled the production of software that reduces user errors significantly. Users of the beamline communicate with all the experimental apparatus, including both the data-collection equipment and the beamline components, including the monochromator, through an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI). Important features of the system are (1) its modularity so that different underlying programs or different apparatus can be incorporated easily; (2) its ease of use, minimizing both user errors and training effort; and (3) that most of the experimental operations and parameters are logged automatically, again minimizing errors and facilitating more-or-less automatic reduction of the data. Features of the software are useful enough to have been incorporated into operations at other synchrotron beamlines. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Skinner, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sweet@bnl.gov NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.1107/S0907444997012481 PN 5 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 120JA UT WOS:000075952200002 PM 9757086 ER PT J AU Brunger, AT Adams, PD Clore, GM DeLano, WL Gros, P Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Jiang, JS Kuszewski, J Nilges, M Pannu, NS Read, RJ Rice, LM Simonson, T Warren, GL AF Brunger, AT Adams, PD Clore, GM DeLano, WL Gros, P Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Jiang, JS Kuszewski, J Nilges, M Pannu, NS Read, RJ Rice, LM Simonson, T Warren, GL TI Crystallography & NMR system: A new software suite for macromolecular structure determination SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; INTERPROTON DISTANCE RESTRAINTS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FREE R-VALUE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; DIRECT REFINEMENT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS AB A new software suite, called Crystallography & NMR System (CNS), has been developed for macromolecular structure determination by X-ray crystallography or solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In contrast to existing structure-determination programs the architecture of CNS is highly flexible, allowing for extension to other structure - determination methods, such as electron microscopy and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. CNS has a hierarchical structure: a high-level hypertext markup language (HTML) user interface, task-oriented user input files, module files, a symbolic structure-determination language (CNS language), and low-level source code. Each layer is accessible to the user. The novice user may just use the HTML interface, while the more advanced user may use any of the other layers. The source code will be distributed, thus source-code modification is possible. The CNS language is sufficiently powerful and flexible that many new algorithms can be easily implemented in the CNS language without changes to the source code. The CNS language allows the user to perform operations on data structures, such as structure factors, electron-density maps, and atomic properties. The power of the CNS language has been demonstrated by the implementation of a comprehensive set of crystallographic procedures for phasing, density modification and refinement. User-friendly task-oriented input files are available for nearly all aspects of macromolecular structure determination by X-ray crystallography and solution NMR. C1 Yale Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Grad Grp Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Utrecht, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Prot Data Bank, Upton, NY 11973 USA. European Mol Biol Lab, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Alberta, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G1, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Math Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada. Univ Strasbourg 1, Biol Struct Lab, CNRS, IGBMC, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. RP Brunger, AT (reprint author), Yale Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM brunger@laplace.csb.yale.edu RI Clore, G. Marius/A-3511-2008; Simonson, Thomas/A-5733-2008; Nilges, Michael/E-4803-2011; Read, Randy/L-1418-2013; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013; Gros, Piet/I-5569-2016 OI Clore, G. Marius/0000-0003-3809-1027; Nilges, Michael/0000-0002-1451-8092; Read, Randy/0000-0001-8273-0047; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219; Gros, Piet/0000-0002-7782-2585 NR 61 TC 15505 Z9 15573 U1 73 U2 553 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 905 EP 921 DI 10.1107/S0907444998003254 PN 5 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 120JA UT WOS:000075952200023 PM 9757107 ER PT J AU Goldman, S Kim, R Hung, LW Jancarik, J Kim, SH AF Goldman, S Kim, R Hung, LW Jancarik, J Kim, SH TI Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of Pyrococcus furiosus DNA polymerase SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GENE; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE AB DNA polymerase gene from the hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus has been cloned and the protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli to produce an active enzyme. The purified protein was crystallized from 0.08 M ammonium sulfate, 0.05 M Na-cacodylate, pH 6.5, 0.15%(v/v) NP40, 0.05%(v/v) Tween 20 and 4.5% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 6000 by the vapour-diffusion method. The orthorhombic crystals had unit-cell dimensions of a = 92.5, b = 125.4, c = 192.1 Angstrom: alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees. The crystals diffracted beyond 4 Angstrom on a 1.08 Angstrom synchrotron radiation source. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldman, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shk@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0907-4449 EI 1399-0047 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 986 EP 988 DI 10.1107/S0907444998000353 PN 5 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 120JA UT WOS:000075952200030 PM 9757114 ER PT J AU Medlin, DL Campbell, GH Carter, CB AF Medlin, DL Campbell, GH Carter, CB TI Stacking defects in the 9R phase at an incoherent twin boundary in copper SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FCC; CU; TRANSFORMATION; AG AB In situ HRTEM observations of the growth of 9R stacked material at a Sigma = 3 incoherent twin boundary in copper are presented. Stacking defects. which break the normal ABC BCA CAB... sequence of the 9R stacking, are observed in the growing 9R layer. These faults are shown to arise from the presence of secondary grain boundary dislocations with Burgers vectors of type a/6[(2) over bar 11]. It is shown that both the sense (positive or negative) and character (90 degrees or 30 degrees) of the grain boundary dislocation determine the characteristics of the 9R fault. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Medlin, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010; Carter, C. Barry/E-6478-2010 OI Carter, C. Barry/0000-0003-4251-9102 NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 14 BP 5135 EP 5142 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00164-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 121LC UT WOS:000076014400029 ER PT J AU Yost, FG O'Toole, EJ AF Yost, FG O'Toole, EJ TI Metastable and equilibrium wetting states in the Bi-Sn system SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID CONTACT AB Sessile drop experiments involving a variety of Bi-Sn alloys on solid Bi substrates were performed. Substrates prepared from small- and large-grained polycrystals and single crystals were used to measure equilibrium and metastable contact angles and estimate the surface tension and equilibrium contact angle of the solid-liquid interface. The substrates were also used to investigate the coupling of the dissolution and wetting processes and to investigate the effect of substrate grain size on wetting. It was determined that the equilibrium welting geometry is independent of linear scale and that grain size has little influence on wetting or dissolution in the Bi-Sn system. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 14 BP 5143 EP 5151 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00146-3 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 121LC UT WOS:000076014400030 ER PT J AU Pasyuk, EA Morris, CL Ullmann, JL Zumbro, JD Kwok, LW Matthews, JL Tan, Y AF Pasyuk, EA Morris, CL Ullmann, JL Zumbro, JD Kwok, LW Matthews, JL Tan, Y TI A search for Delta(-) and Delta(++)wave-function components in light nuclei using the (pi(+), pi(-)p) and (n, 2p) reactions SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Structure of Mesons, Baryons and Nuclei CY MAY 26-30, 1998 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP NATO, Polish State Comm Sci Res (KBN), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Nuclear Phys Cracow, Comm Phys Polish Acad Sci ID FREEDOM; TRINUCLEI; MODEL AB We have studied the (pi(+), pi(+/-)p) reactions on H-3, He-4, Li-6 and Li-7 and the (n,2p) reaction on He-3 and He-4 in quasi-free kinematics. A signature attributable to pre-existing Delta components of the ground state wave function is observed. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Pasyuk, EA (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD SEP PY 1998 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2335 EP 2338 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 118CT UT WOS:000075821400018 ER PT J AU Johnson, MB Belyaev, VM AF Johnson, MB Belyaev, VM TI Deep inelastic scattering and the pion light-cone wave function SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Structure of Mesons, Baryons and Nuclei CY MAY 26-30, 1998 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP NATO, Polish State Comm Sci Res (KBN), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Nuclear Phys Cracow, Comm Phys Polish Acad Sci ID QCD SUM-RULES; RESONANCE PHYSICS AB Light-cone QCD sum rules are used to calculate the quark distribution function for the pion and place a new constraint on the pion twist-2 wave function. When combined with information available from analysis of other experimental data, we conclude that the wave function nearly achieves its asymptotic form. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RP Johnson, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD SEP PY 1998 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2527 EP 2534 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 118CT UT WOS:000075821400039 ER PT J AU Hanzawa, Y Kaneko, K Yoshizawa, N Pekala, RW Dresselhaus, MS AF Hanzawa, Y Kaneko, K Yoshizawa, N Pekala, RW Dresselhaus, MS TI The pore structure determination of carbon aerogels SO ADSORPTION-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ADSORPTION SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mesopore structure; Saam-Cole theory; adsorption hysteresis; carbon aerogel; nitrogen adsorption ID MICROPOROUS SOLIDS; SURFACE-AREA; ADSORPTION; SYSTEMS AB The detailed adsorption isotherms of nitrogen on carbon aerogels at 77 K were measured. The N-2 adsorption isotherm had a marked hysteresis. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed by high resolution alpha(s)-plots to evaluate their porosity. The alpha(s)-plots showed an explicit upward deviation from the linearity below alpha(s) = 0.5, suggesting the presence of micropores. The mesoporosity and microporosity were separately determined from the alpha(s)-plot. The predominant pores in carbon aerogels were mesopores and the percentage of micropores was in the range of 5 to 10% of the total pore volume. The N-2 adsorption hysteresis was analyzed with the Saam-Cole theory under the assumption of the cylindrical pore shape. The parameters determined from the Saam-Cole method were associated with the carbon aerogel structure. C1 Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Inage Ku, Chiba 263, Japan. Natl Inst Resources & Environm, Carbon Mat Lab, Ibaraki, Osaka 305, Japan. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 25 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 27 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5607 J9 ADSORPTION JI Adsorpt.-J. Int. Adsorpt. Soc. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1023/A:1008839913594 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 155UL UT WOS:000077964700001 ER PT J AU Smith, DH Ahmadi, G AF Smith, DH Ahmadi, G TI Problems and progress in hot-gas filtration for pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Clarkson Univ, Ctr Adv Mat Proc, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Smith, DH (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1080/02786829808965561 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120JM UT WOS:000075953300001 ER PT J AU Ahmadi, G Smith, DH AF Ahmadi, G Smith, DH TI Particle transport and deposition in a hot-gas cleanup pilot plant SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT DEPOSITION; ROUGH SURFACES; FLOW; SMOOTH; MODEL AB Development of hot-gas filtration systems for advanced clean coal technologies has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The Integrated Gasification and Cleanup Facility (IGCF), which is an experimental pilot plant for testing performance of ceramic candle filters for hot-gas cleaning, has been operational at the Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC) in Morgantown, West Virginia, for several years. The present work describes a computer simulation study of gas flow and particle transport and deposition in the IGCF filter vessel with four filters. The stress transport model of FLUENT(TM) code is used for evaluating the gas mean velocity and the root mean-square fluctuation velocity fields in the IGCF filter vessel. The instantaneous fluctuation velocity vector field is simulated by a filtered Gaussian white-noise model. Ensembles of particle trajectories are evaluated using the recently developed PARTICLE code. The model equations of the code include the effects of lift and Brownian motion in addition to gravity. The particle deposition patterns on the ceramic filters are evaluated, and the effect of particle size is studied. The results show that, for a clean filter (just after the backpulse), the initial deposition rate of particles on the candle filters is highly nonuniform. Furthermore, particles of different sizes have somewhat different deposition patterns, which could lead to nonuniform cake compositions and thicknesses along the candle filters. The effects of variations in the filter permeability on the vessel gas how patterns and the pressure drop, as well as on particle transport patterns, are also studied. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 29:183-205 (1998) (C) 1998 American Association for Aerosol Research. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Ahmadi, G (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3 BP 183 EP 205 DI 10.1080/02786829808965563 PG 23 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120JM UT WOS:000075953300003 ER PT J AU Ahmadi, G Smith, DH AF Ahmadi, G Smith, DH TI Gas flow and particle deposition in the hot gas filter vessel at the Tidd 70 MWE PFBC demonstration power plant SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT DEPOSITION; ROUGH SURFACES; SMOOTH; MODEL AB Advanced hot-gas filtration systems for clean coal technologies have attracted considerable attention in recent years. The Tidd hot-gas filtration system mas the first demonstration unit in the United States. The system was operational for about four years (1990-1994) and has provided considerable engineering information concerning the operation of the demonstration-scale hot-gas particle filtration system. The present work describes a computer simulation study of gas how and particle transport and deposition in the Tidd filter vessel, The FLUENT(TM) code is used for evaluating the gas mean velocity, mean pressure, and the state of turbulence in the filter vessel. The three tiers with a total of 384 filters are modeled as three effective cylindrical filters. The particle equation of motion that includes the nonlinear drag and the gravity is used, The particle deposition patterns are evaluated, and the effect of particle size is studied. The results show that, for a clean filter system, the rate of deposition on different tiers depends on particle size, This could lead to nonuniform composition and thickness of the cakes that form on the candle filters in different tiers. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 29:206-223 (1998) (C) 1998 American Association for Aerosol Research. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Ahmadi, G (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3 BP 206 EP 223 DI 10.1080/02786829808965564 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120JM UT WOS:000075953300004 ER PT J AU Smith, DH Powell, V Ahmadi, G Ferer, M AF Smith, DH Powell, V Ahmadi, G Ferer, M TI Analysis of operational filtration data - Part III: Re-entrainment and incomplete cleaning of dust cake SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIGID GAS FILTERS; MODEL AB Operational data for the hot-gas filtration system of the Integrated Gasification and Cleanup Facility (IGCF) at the Federal Energy Technology Center are carefully analyzed. A model that includes re-entrainment of filter-cake fragments Following cleaning of the candle filters, as well as incomplete removal of cake from the filters by the cleaning backpulses of compressed air, is developed and used to interpret the data. The parameters of the model are evaluated with a least-square error fit procedure. It is shown that inclusion of the re-entrainment model significantly improves the fit to the data during the short interval (similar to 50 s after each backpulse) during which re-entrainment is predicted to occur by particle-transport modeling. The re-entrainment/incomplete-cleaning model is used to evaluate the buildup of filter-cake thickness and the filter-cake permeability. Both effects were significant for the data analyzed. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 29: 221 - 235 (1998) (C) 1998 American Association for Aerosol Research. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Smith, DH (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1080/02786829808965565 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120JM UT WOS:000075953300005 ER PT J AU Kono, HO Jordan, B Ohtake, T Smith, DH AF Kono, HO Jordan, B Ohtake, T Smith, DH TI Formation and measurement of the porosities, tensile strengths, and deformation coefficients of gasification filter cakes at operating temperatures and pressures SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POWDERS; BED AB Various physical properties of filter cakes formed and studied at operating temperatures and pressures and under appropriate gas compositions and how rates are important for the development of hot-gas filtration for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGGC) use of coal. Elutriated particles from a gasification pilot plant at the Federal Energy Technology Center of the U.S. DOE were used in a laboratory-scale apparatus to prepare filter cakes at various gas-flow velocities and over a range of temperatures (25-515 degrees C) and pressures (100-300 kPa) characteristic of the pilot plant. This laboratory apparatus also was used to measure the porosities, tensile strengths, and deformation coefficients of the cakes at these same temperatures and pressures. Various properties of the filter cakes have been correlated. It is believed that the novel experimental methods and interpretational model employed allow accurate laboratory measurement of these filter-cake properties for the operating conditions of large-scale plants, for use in engineering models of operating data and in theoretical models of filter-cakes and filter-cleaning, AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 29:236-245 (1998) (C) 1998 American Association for Aerosol Research. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Smith, DH (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1080/02786829808965566 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120JM UT WOS:000075953300006 ER PT J AU Ferer, M Smith, DH AF Ferer, M Smith, DH TI Modeling of backpulse filter cleaning: The small particle filter cake fragments SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAILURE AB A fine-scale, quasi-static model has been developed to describe the removal of a layer of filter cake from a cylindrical filter by backpulses of compressed gas. The model includes the bonding forces of adhesion between the layer and a substrate, as well as the forces of cohesion between imaginary "gridblocks" within the layer. For stresses greater than a threshold value, some of the layer is removed. The amount of the layer removed and the fragmentation of this part of the layer depends upon the stress, the average adhesive and cohesive forces, and the distribution of these forces about their averages. Increasing the cohesive force does increase the size of the fragments removed, but the percentage of the layer removed in the smallest fragments saturates at around 13%, decreasing no further with increasing cohesive forces. Furthermore, increasing the cohesive forces both reduces the threshold in the cleaning pressure well below the average strength of the adhesive force and sharpens the threshold so that the threshold is much sharper than the distribution of adhesive strengths. Indeed, the threshold becomes step-like when the cohesive forces exceed a value approximately equal to twice the adhesive forces, with no cleaning immediately below the threshold and nearly complete cleaning immediately above. Although the threshold becomes step-like for large enough cohesive forces, the fragment size distribution seems to be a smooth function of the cohesive force. Surprisingly, there is only a weak dependence of the fragment size upon pressure. Further, the fragments themselves are compact with a rough boundary. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 29:246-256 (1998) (C) 1998 American association for Aerosol Research. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ferer, M (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, POB 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3 BP 246 EP 256 DI 10.1080/02786829808965567 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120JM UT WOS:000075953300007 ER PT J AU Tallarek, U Bayer, E van Dusschoten, D Scheenen, T Van As, H Guiochon, G Neue, UD AF Tallarek, U Bayer, E van Dusschoten, D Scheenen, T Van As, H Guiochon, G Neue, UD TI Dynamic NMR microscopy of chromatographic columns SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PACKED-BEDS; FLOW VELOCITY; POROUS-MEDIA; PREPARATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; AXIAL-DISPERSION; HPLC COLUMNS; GRADIENT NMR AB Pulsed magnetic field gradients encoded a discrete spatial and temporal motion of the molecules of a fluid percolating through the packed bed of a dynamic radial compression column for liquid chromatography. Two packing materials of porous, chemically bonded C18 silica were used: large irregularly shaped particles (55-105 mu m) and small spherical particles (6 mu m). By combining pulsed field gradient NMR and NMR imaging the distribution of the fluid dynamic displacement probability was determined quantitatively at each point of the static image space. The local axial dispersion coefficient, fluid velocity, and external porosity of the bed were also estimated. The resolution achieved was 250 mu m X 250 mu m X 2,500 mu m per voxel, corresponding to a 250 mu m X 250 mu m pixel in a 2.5-mm-thick slice. Irregularly shaped particles showed slight external porosity heterogeneities over the column cross section, causing a dramatic loss of performance. Spherically shaped particles offered a nearly planar distribution of the transport characteristics across the packed bed, making radial compression of the bed enhance the performance. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Agr Univ Wageningen, Dept Mol Phys, NL-6703 HA Wageningen, Netherlands. Wageningen NMR Ctr, NL-6703 HA Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Waters Corp, Milford, MA 01757 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RI Van As, Henk/A-2787-2013; Scheenen, Tom/I-5921-2013 OI Van As, Henk/0000-0003-1076-391X; NR 66 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1962 EP 1975 DI 10.1002/aic.690440904 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 117HJ UT WOS:000075775600003 ER PT J AU Slot, F Olsen, AS Rao, PN Abraham, CR AF Slot, F Olsen, AS Rao, PN Abraham, CR TI Localization of human endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15 (THOP1) to chromosome 19p13.3 SO ALZHEIMERS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ENKEPHALIN-CONTAINING PEPTIDES; SOLUBLE METALLOENDOPEPTIDASE; ENDO-OLIGOPEPTIDASE; NATURAL PEPTIDES; PZ-PEPTIDASE; RAT-BRAIN; ENZYME; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-19; SPECIFICITY; REGION AB The human endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15, also known as thimet oligopeptidase 1 (THOP1) is shown to be localized on chromosome 19p13.3 using the human cDNA for THOP1. The cDNA was hybridized against the cosmid contig map of chromosome 19 generated by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The results were confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization and Southern and dot blot analyses. This localization shows that the gene for THOP1 is not in the same region as the Apolipoprotein E gene, which is on the q-arm of chromosome 19 at 13.3, and that the potential influence of THOP1 in Alzheimer's disease is not dependent upon this locus. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Clin Cytogenet Lab, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Abraham, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, 80 E Concord St,K620, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL SCIENCE JOURNALS PI CAMBRIDGE PA UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEPT MEDICINE, PO BOX 157, LEVEL 5, ADDENBROOKES HOSPITAL, HILLS R, CAMBRIDGE CB2 2QQ, ENGLAND SN 1461-6130 J9 ALZHEIMERS REP JI Alzheimers Rep. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 1 IS 5 BP 327 EP 331 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 157LT UT WOS:000078063900010 ER PT J AU Tribble, DL AF Tribble, DL TI Further evidence of the cardiovascular benefits of diets enriched in carotenoids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID VITAMIN-E CONSUMPTION; BETA-CAROTENE; DISEASE; RISK; ANTIOXIDANTS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol & Nucl Med, Div Life Sci,Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tribble, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol & Nucl Med, Div Life Sci,Donner Lab, Room 465,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dltribble@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 68 IS 3 BP 521 EP 522 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 115CN UT WOS:000075646100003 PM 9734724 ER PT J AU Pechmann, C Dixon, P Layne, N AF Pechmann, C Dixon, P Layne, N TI An assessment of US and Canadian smoking reduction objectives for the year 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; TRENDS AB Objectives. This study assessed whether US and Canadian smoking reduction objectives for the year 2000 are attainable. The United States seeks to cut smoking in its population to 15%: the Canadian goal is 24%. Methods. Smoking data were obtained for the United States (1974-1994) and Canada (1970-1995) for the overall populations and several age-sex subpopulations. Analyses estimated trends, future prevalences, and the likelihood of goal attainment. Structural time-series models were used because of their ability to fit a variety of trends. Results. The findings indicate that smoking has been declining steadily since the 1970s, by approximately 0.7 percentage points a year, in both countries. Extrapolating these trends to the year 2000, the US prevalence will be 21% and the Canadian prevalence 24%. Conclusions. If the current trends continue, the Canadian goal seems attainable, but the US goal does not. The US goal is reachable only for 65-to 80-year-olds, who already have low smoking prevalences. It appears that both countries must increase their commitment to population-based tobacco control. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Grad Sch Management, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Hlth Canada, Mkt Partnership Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Pechmann, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Grad Sch Management, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM cpechman@uci.edu NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1998 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1362 EP 1367 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.9.1362 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 115PD UT WOS:000075673100014 PM 9736877 ER PT J AU Guiochon, G AF Guiochon, G TI Reflections on analytical separations SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article AB An authority in the field of separation science reviews the contributions that the various technologies have made or will make to the art and science of chemical separation. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 1413 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 30 IS 18 BP 14 EP + PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 122QP UT WOS:000076083200004 ER PT J AU Stephenson, JL McLuckey, SA AF Stephenson, JL McLuckey, SA TI Simplification of product ion spectra derived from multiply charged parent ions via ion/ion chemistry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; INFRARED MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; GAS-PHASE; ACTIVATED DISSOCIATION; PEPTIDE IONS; SEQUENCE INFORMATION; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY AB High-mass multiply charged ions fragment to yield a mixture of products of varying mass and charge. When the measurement of mass-to-charge ratio is used to determine product ion mass, product ion charge must first be established. To minimize charge-state ambiguity in product ion spectra derived from multiply charged parent ions, product ions have been subjected to proton-transfer reactions with oppositely charged ions to reduce product ion charge states largely to +1. This procedure greatly simplifies the interpretation of product ion spectra derived from multiply charged ions. Illustrative data are presented for the +4 and +3 parent ions derived from electrospray of melittin and the +12 to +4 parent ions of bovine ubiquitin, whereby product ions were formed in a conventional quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometry experiment. Data are also shown for product ion mixtures derived from interface-induced dissociation of multiply charged ions derived from bovine ubiquitin, tuna cytochrome c, bovine cytochrome c, and equine cytochrome c. The use of ion/ion chemistry to simplify product ion spectra derived from multiply charged parent ions significantly extends the size range of macromolecules for which the quadrupole ion trap can derive structural information. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McLuckey, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stephenson, James/A-9262-2009; McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009 OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM45372] NR 62 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 17 BP 3533 EP 3544 DI 10.1021/ac9802832 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 115RX UT WOS:000075680000009 PM 9737205 ER PT J AU Xu, NX Lin, YH Hofstadler, SA Matson, D Call, CJ Smith, RD AF Xu, NX Lin, YH Hofstadler, SA Matson, D Call, CJ Smith, RD TI A microfabricated dialysis device for sample cleanup in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROCHIP; PEPTIDES; SEPARATIONS; PROTEINS AB A laser microfabricated device was constructed for rapid microdialysis cleanup of biological samples for analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in both off-line and on-line modes. A microdialysis membrane was sandwiched between two chips having micromachined serpentine channels. The total volume of the sample serpentine channel used for the microdialysis was 1 mu L. Efficient desalting was demonstrated for both DNA and protein samples using ESI with an ion trap mass spectrometer after microdialysis against a counter now of ESI-compatible buffer. Signal-to-noise ratios were also greatly enhanced compared to direct infusion of the original nondialyzed samples. Importantly, the microfabricated device allowed use of sample now rates 1 order of magnitude smaller than previous designs based on a microdialysis fiber, allowing reduced sample utilization and improved sensitivity with ESI-MS. The effectiveness of the cleanup was attributed to the size difference between the sample channel and the buffer channel and the fact that the sample is continuously refreshed by the buffer counterflow. The results indicate substantial potential for construction of highly compact and rugged devices enabling field applications of ESI-MS. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Mat Resources Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 20 TC 140 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 17 BP 3553 EP 3556 DI 10.1021/ac980233x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 115RX UT WOS:000075680000012 PM 9737206 ER PT J AU Sessler, DI Sessler, AN AF Sessler, DI Sessler, AN TI Experimental determination of heat flow parameters during induction of general anesthesia SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mathematical modeling; temperature; thermoregulation ID THERMOREGULATORY VASOCONSTRICTION; SHIVERING THRESHOLDS; INDUCED VASODILATION; TEMPERATURE PROFILE; THERMAL-STRESS; HYPOTHERMIA; ISOFLURANE; FLUX; INCREASES; PROPOFOL AB Background: Alterations in body temperature result from changes in tissue heat content. Neat flow is a complex function of vasomotor status and fore, peripheral, and ambient temperatures. Consequently it is difficult to quantify specific mechanisms responsible for observed changes in body heat distribution. Therefore the authors developed two mathematical models that independently express regional tissue heat production and the motion of heat through tissues in terms of measurable quantities. Methods: The equilibrium model expresses the effective regional heat transfer coefficient in terms of cutaneous heat flux, skin temperature, and temperature at the center of the extremity. It applies at steady states and provides a ratio of the heat transfer coefficients before and after an intervention. In contrast, the heat flow model provides a time-dependent estimate of the heat transfer coefficient in terms of ambient temperature, skin temperature, and temperature at the center of the extremity. Results: Each model was applied to data acquired in a previous evaluation of heat balance during anesthesia induction. The relation between the ratio of steady state regional heat transfer coefficients calculated using each model was Linear. The effective heat transfer coefficient for the forehead Ca core site) decreased approximately 20% after induction of anesthesia. In contrast, heat transfer coefficients in the six tested extremity sites more than doubled Conclusions Effective heat transfer coefficients can be used to evaluate the thermal effects of various clinical interventions, such as induction of regional anesthesia or administration of vasodilating drugs. The heat transfer coefficient for the forehead presumably decreased because general anesthesia reduces brain perfusion. In contrast, increased heat transfer coefficients in the extremity sites indicate that thermoregulatory and anesthetic-induced vasodilation more than doubles the core-to-peripheral flow of heat. This flow of heat causes redistribution hypothermia, which is usually the major cause of core hypothermia during anesthesia. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ludwig Boltzmann Inst Clin Anesthesia & Intens Ca, Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Dept Anesthesia, Outcomes Res TM Grp, Vienna, Austria. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sessler, DI (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia, 374 Parnassus Ave,3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 49670] NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 1998 VL 89 IS 3 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1097/00000542-199809000-00015 PG 9 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 118FU UT WOS:000075828400014 PM 9743402 ER PT J AU Parness, J Palnitkar, S Herman, K Bin, B Jimenez, L Morimoto, H Williams, P AF Parness, J Palnitkar, S Herman, K Bin, B Jimenez, L Morimoto, H Williams, P TI Synthesis of [H-3]azidodantrolene: Identification of the putative skeletal muscle dantrolene receptor SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID BINDING-SITES C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Anesthesia, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Tritium Labelin Facil, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 1998 VL 89 IS 3A SU S MA A491 BP U383 EP U383 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 117YR UT WOS:000075810900491 ER PT J AU Brigmon, RL De Ridder, C AF Brigmon, RL De Ridder, C TI Symbiotic relationship of Thiothrix spp. with an echinoderm SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECHINOCARDIUM-CORDATUM ECHINODERMATA; OLIGOCHAETE TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; FERRIC IRON; SULFIDE; GILL; ASSOCIATION; WORMS AB Immunoassay procedures were used to investigate the symbiotic relationship of Thiothrix spp. in the intestinal cecum of the spatangoid species Echinocardium cordatum. Thiothrix spp. were identified in nodule samples from E. cordatum digestive tubes based on microscopic examination, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and indirect immunofluorescence. Thiothrix spp. protein made up as much as 84% of the total protein content of the nodules. This is the first identification of Thiothrix spp. internally symbiotic with marine invertebrates. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Environm Biotechnol Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Marine Biol Lab, Brussels, Belgium. RP Brigmon, RL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Environm Biotechnol Sect, Bldg 704-8T TNX, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 64 IS 9 BP 3491 EP 3495 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 119JK UT WOS:000075892200054 ER PT J AU Veszelei, M Kullman, L Granqvist, CG von Rottkay, N Rubin, M AF Veszelei, M Kullman, L Granqvist, CG von Rottkay, N Rubin, M TI Optical constants of sputter-deposited Ti-Ce oxide and Zr-Ce oxide films SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ION-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; ELECTROCHROMIC TUNGSTEN-OXIDE; ZIRCONIA THIN-FILMS; CERIUM DIOXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SUBSTRATE-TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; COATINGS; INTERCALATION; EVAPORATION AB Films of Ti oxide, Zr oxide, Ce oxide, Ti-Ce oxide, and Zr-Ce oxide were made by means of reactive de magnetron sputtering in a multitarget arrangement. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction and electrochemical measurements, both techniques being firmly connected to stoichiometric information. The optical constants n and k were evalued from spectrophotometry and from variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. The two analyses gave consistent results. It was found that n for the mixed-oxide films varied smoothly between the values for the pure oxides, whereas k in the band-gap range showed characteristic differences between Ti-Ce oxide and Zr-Ce oxide. It is speculated that this difference is associated with structural effects. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Uppsala, Angstrom Lab, Dept Mat Sci, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Veszelei, M (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Angstrom Lab, Dept Mat Sci, POB 534, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 55 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 25 BP 5993 EP 6001 DI 10.1364/AO.37.005993 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 114QH UT WOS:000075620000025 PM 18286096 ER PT J AU Schoenenberger, K Colston, BW Maitland, DJ Da Silva, LB Everett, MJ AF Schoenenberger, K Colston, BW Maitland, DJ Da Silva, LB Everett, MJ TI Mapping of birefringence and thermal damage in tissue by use of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ELLIPSOMETRY; INVIVO AB We demonstrate cross-sectional birefringence- and polarization-independent backscatter imaging of laser-induced thermal damage in porcine myocardium in vitro, using a polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system. We compare the generated images with histological sections of the tissue and demonstrate that birefringence is a more sensitive indicator of thermal damage than is backscattered Light. Loss of birefringence in thermally damaged regions is quantified and shown to have significant contrast with undamaged sections of the tissue. A detailed theoretical analysis of the birefringence measurements is provided, including a calculation of the systematic errors associated with background noise, system imperfections, and tissue dichroism. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schoenenberger, K (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Appl Opt, CP127, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. NR 23 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 25 BP 6026 EP 6036 DI 10.1364/AO.37.006026 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 114QH UT WOS:000075620000029 PM 18286100 ER PT J AU Gray, PC Shokair, IR Rosenthal, SE Tisone, GC Wagner, JS Rigdon, LD Siragusa, GR Heinen, RJ AF Gray, PC Shokair, IR Rosenthal, SE Tisone, GC Wagner, JS Rigdon, LD Siragusa, GR Heinen, RJ TI Distinguishability of biological material by use of ultraviolet multispectral fluorescence SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OTITIS-MEDIA; PARTICLES AB Recent interest in the detection and analysis of biological samples by spectroscopic methods has led to questions concerning the degree of distinguishability and biological variability of the UV fluorescent spectra from such complex samples. We show that the degree of distinguishability of such spectra is readily determined numerically. As a practical example of this technique, we show its application to the analysis of UV fluorescence spectra taken of E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium. The use of this analysis to determine the degree of biological variability and also to verify that measurements are being made in a Linear regime in which analytic methods such as multivariate analysis are valid is discussed. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Dept Energy, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Dept Energy, Kansas City Plant, Kansas City, MO 64141 USA. RP Gray, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 25 BP 6037 EP 6041 DI 10.1364/AO.37.006037 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 114QH UT WOS:000075620000030 PM 18286101 ER PT J AU Wong, AS Stalnaker, ND AF Wong, AS Stalnaker, ND TI Preparation of high purity plutonium oxide standards for radiochemical analysis SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 97) CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND HO NIST AB Due to the lack of suitable high level plutonium solution standards from a national accredited laboratory or commercial vendors, a well-characterized plutonium oxide was used to prepared radiochemistry instrument calibration standards and working standards at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). All the dilution and aliquoting steps were performed gravimetrically. The counting efficiency of a liquid scintillation counter obtained from the alpha activity of this plutonium oxide was compared to a commercial Am-241 standardized solution. The results agreed to within 0.05%. The aliquots of the plutonium standard solutions and dilutions were then sealed in glass ampules for long term storage. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wong, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NMT-1,MS G740, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD SEP-NOV PY 1998 VL 49 IS 9-11 BP 1265 EP 1268 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)10056-2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 101KU UT WOS:000074868800045 ER PT J AU Kuperman, RG Williams, GP Parmelee, RW AF Kuperman, RG Williams, GP Parmelee, RW TI Spatial variability in the soil foodwebs in a contaminated grassland ecosystem SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil foodwebs; soil invertebrates; microorganisms; heavy metals; spatial analyses ID FAUNA AB Spatial relationships among soil nematodes and soil microorganisms were investigated in a grassland ecosystem at the U.S. Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. This area was contaminated with a wide range of concentrations of heavy metals. The study quantified microbial biomass, the abundance of soil protozoa and nematode populations. Geostatistical techniques were used to evaluate cross-correlations among biotic and abiotic parameters and to determine spatial distributions of these parameters in soil. The graphical analysis technique displayed a surface in three-dimensional space, the topography of which was generated by an independent variable and the surface colored by a dependent variable. Both the visualization technique and the cross general relative semivariogram showed a negative correlation between the abundance of fungivore nematodes and fungal biomass, the abundance of bacterivore nematodes and bacterial biomass, and between the numbers of protozoa and microbial biomass in less-contaminated portions of the study site. Graphical analyses of the spatial distribution of soil biota showed that relationships among components of the soil foodweb were altered in the highly contaminated area compared to the less-contaminated local background area. This suggests that environmental conditions in the soil of the contaminated areas may have a detrimental effect on trophic interactions in the soil foodweb. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, ERDEC, SCBRD RTL E 5641, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ohio State Univ, Soil Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kuperman, RG (reprint author), USA, ERDEC, SCBRD RTL E 5641, 5232 Fleming Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Kuperman, Roman/D-4297-2009; Williams, Gustavious/P-7252-2014 OI Williams, Gustavious/0000-0002-2781-0738 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 509 EP 514 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(98)00113-9 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 121VC UT WOS:000076034500079 ER PT J AU Marquardt, BJ Stratis, DN Cremers, DA Angel, SM AF Marquardt, BJ Stratis, DN Cremers, DA Angel, SM TI Novel probe for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and Raman measurements using an imaging optical fiber SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE LIBS; optical fibers; imaging; remote sensing; Raman AB A fiber-optic probe designed for remote laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman spectroscopy, and Raman imaging has been developed for the microanalysis of solid samples. The probe incorporates both single-strand optical fibers and an image guide and allows atomic emission and Raman analysis of any spot on a solid sample within a 5 mm diameter field of view. The real-time sample imaging aspects of the probe are demonstrated by measuring LIBS spectra from different regions of a granite sample and by measuring the Raman spectra of individual TiO2 and Sr(NO3)(2) particles on a soil substrate. The ability to obtain remote Raman images of the TiO2 and Sr(NO3)(2) particles on the soil substrate is also demonstrated. In this paper we discuss the design and implementation of the fiber-optic probe for obtaining LIBS spectra, Raman spectra, and Raman images. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Grp CST1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Angel, SM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. OI Angel, Stanley/0000-0002-0328-0568 NR 18 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1148 EP 1153 DI 10.1366/0003702981945147 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 127VW UT WOS:000076372100005 ER PT J AU Lipert, RJ AF Lipert, RJ TI Sub-Doppler diode laser saturated absorption spectroscopy of barium in a low-pressure graphite furnace SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE diode laser; saturated absorption spectroscopy; graphite furnace ID DISCHARGE OPTOGALVANIC SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIZATION MECHANISMS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ISOTOPE SHIFTS; ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZER; SPECTROMETRY; FLUORESCENCE; VAPORIZATION; TRANSITIONS; ELEMENTS AB As a first step toward developing an optical isotope abundance measurement technique, sub-Doppler saturated absorption spectroscopy has been demonstrated by using a scanning diode laser as a tunable light source and a low-pressure graphite furnace for sample atomization. Spectral linewidths were reduced by a factor of 49 from the pressure-broadened, Doppler-limited value of 2.8 GHz to 57 MHz. This reduction in linewidths was accompanied by a 60-fold increase in detection limits, mainly due to increased loss of analyte through rapid diffusion at the low pressure used to minimize collisional broadening. Some residual homogeneous broadening was observed, which is primarily attributed to laser power broadening. C1 Iowa State Univ, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lipert, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1172 EP 1178 DI 10.1366/0003702981945183 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 127VW UT WOS:000076372100009 ER PT J AU Rougier, A Striebel, KA Wen, SJ Richardson, TJ Reade, RP Cairns, EJ AF Rougier, A Striebel, KA Wen, SJ Richardson, TJ Reade, RP Cairns, EJ TI Characterization of pulsed laser-deposited LiMn2O4 thin films for rechargeable lithium batteries SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; oxide film; pulsed laser ID OXIDE INSERTION ELECTRODES; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; SPINELS; SYSTEM AB The structure and characteristics of thin films of LixMn2O4 spinel prepared by pulsed laser deposition are reported. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) and Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NTRA) show that the Lithium content of the film is very sensitive to the conditions of deposition. A large target-substrate distance (9 cm) and a stoichiometric LiMn2O4 target lead to lithium deficient films, whereas lithium excess films are obtained for a shorter target-substrate distance (5 cm) and a target prepared with excess lithium (10% excess). SEM and AFM measurements show that the films are dense and quite rough. The local structure of the films was studied by infrared spectroscopy. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy spectrum of LiMn2O4 consists of 2 major bands, the positions of which depend on the thickness of the film. The evolution of the FT-IR spectrum of LixMn2O4 over the temperature range - 150 degrees C to 250 degrees C clearly shows the previously reported temperature-induced Jahn-Teller distortion between O and 10 degrees C. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kastriebel@lbl.gov RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 25 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 134 IS 1-4 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00234-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 118QK UT WOS:000075851300015 ER PT J AU Baxter, V Fischer, S Sand, JR AF Baxter, V Fischer, S Sand, JR TI Global warming implications of replacing ozone-depleting refrigerants SO ASHRAE JOURNAL-AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Baxter, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J.-Am. Soc. Heat Refrig. Air-Cond. Eng. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 40 IS 9 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 121KU UT WOS:000076013600012 ER PT J AU Brown, TM Ferguson, HC Stanford, SA Deharveng, JM AF Brown, TM Ferguson, HC Stanford, SA Deharveng, JM TI Color-luminosity relations for the resolved hot stellar populations in the centers of M31 and M32 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual(M31, M32); galaxies : stellar content; Hertzsprung-Russell diagram; ultraviolet : galaxies ID FAR-ULTRAVIOLET ANALYSIS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; GIANT BRANCH; ORIGIN; EVOLUTION; BULGE; EXTINCTION; RADIATION AB We present Faint Object Camera (FOC) ultraviolet images of the central 14 " x 14 " of Messier 31 and Messier 32. The hot stellar populations detected in the composite UV spectra of these nearby galaxies are partially resolved into individual stars, and their individual colors and apparent magnitudes are measured. We detect 433 stars in M31 and 138 stars in M32, down to detection limits m(F275W) = 25.5 mag and m(F175W) = 24.5 mag. We investigate the luminosity functions of the sources, their spatial distribution, their color-magnitude diagrams, and their total integrated far-UV flux. Comparison to IUE and Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) spectrophotometry and WFPC2 stellar photometry indicates consistency at the 0.3 mag level, with possible systematic offsets in the FOC photometry at a level less than this. Further calibrations or observations with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) will be necessary to resolve the discrepancies. Our interpretation rests on the assumption that the published FOC on-orbit calibration is correct. Although M32 has a weaker UV upturn than M31, the luminosity functions and color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of M31 and M32 are surprisingly similar and are inconsistent with a majority contribution from any of the following: post-asymptotic giant branch (PAGB) stars more massive than 0.56 M. (with or without associated planetary nebulae), main sequence stars, and blue stragglers. Both the luminosity functions and color-magnitude diagrams are consistent with a dominant population of stars that have evolved from the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) along tracks with masses between 0.47 and 0.53 M.. These stars are well below the detection limits of our images while on the zero-age EHB but become detectable while in the more luminous (but shorter) AGB-manque and post-early asymptotic giant branch (PEAGB) phases. The FOC observations require that only very small fractions of the main-sequence populations (2% in M31 and 0.5% in M32) in these two galaxies evolve though the EHB and post-EHB phases, with the remainder evolving through bright PAGE evolution that is so rapid that few if any stars are expected in the small held of view covered by the FOG. A model with a flat EHB star mass distribution reproduces the HUT and IUE spectra of these two galaxies reasonably well, although there is some indication that an additional population of very hot (T-eff > 25,000 K) EHB stars may be needed to reproduce the HUT spectrum of M31 near the Lyman limit and to bring integrated far-UV fluxes of M31 and M32 into agreement with IUE. In addition to the post-EHB population detected in the FOG, we find a minority population (similar to 10%) of brighter stars that populate a region of the CMD that cannot be explained by canonical post-MB evolutionary tracks. The nature of these stars remains open to interpretation. The spatial distributions of the resolved UV-bright stars in both galaxies are more centrally concentrated than the underlying diffuse emission, implying that stellar populations of different ages and/or metallicities might be responsible for each component. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CNRS, Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13376 Marseille, France. RP Brown, TM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 42 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 504 IS 1 BP 113 EP 138 DI 10.1086/306079 PN 1 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152KT UT WOS:000077777200013 ER PT J AU Pentericci, L Rottgering, HJA Miley, GK Spinrad, H McCarthy, PJ van Breugel, WJM Macchetto, F AF Pentericci, L Rottgering, HJA Miley, GK Spinrad, H McCarthy, PJ van Breugel, WJM Macchetto, F TI HST images of the extremely clumpy radio galaxy 1138-262 at z=2.2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (1138-262); galaxies : structure; Galaxy : formation ID STAR-FORMATION; REDSHIFT; CLUSTER; FIELD; ENVIRONMENTS; 4C-41.17 AB We present and discuss optical continuum images made with the Hubble Space Telescope of the radio galaxy 1138-262 at z = 2.2. This object possesses one of the clumpiest optical morphologies of all known high-redshift radio galaxies, consisting of a bright nucleus aligned along the radio axis and a number of smaller components distributed over a region as large as the radio source (130 kpc). The clumps have sizes ranging from 3 to 13 kpc and absolute visual magnitudes between M-V = -21.8 and M-V = -19.4. On the basis of HST and previous observations, we claim that these clumps are star-forming galaxies that will be accreted by the host galaxy of 1138-262. We compare this radio galaxy with other high-redshift objects and with the predictions of current scenarios of galaxy formation. C1 Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94559 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Sterrewacht Leiden, Postbus 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. NR 54 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 504 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1086/306087 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152KT UT WOS:000077777200014 ER PT J AU Nicolussi, GK Pellin, MJ Lewis, RS Davis, AM Clayton, RN Amari, S AF Nicolussi, GK Pellin, MJ Lewis, RS Davis, AM Clayton, RN Amari, S TI Zirconium and molybdenum in individual circumstellar graphite grains: New isotopic data on the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; dust, extinction; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : atmosphere; supernovae : general ID SILICON-CARBIDE GRAINS; S-PROCESS; MURCHISON METEORITE; R-PROCESS; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; PRESOLAR GRAPHITE; NEUTRON-CAPTURE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; ABUNDANCES; DIAMOND AB We have analyzed 32 individual graphite grains from the Murchison meteorite for their Mo and/or Zr isotopic compositions by resonant ionization mass spectrometry. Enormous isotopic anomalies were observed in some of these grains for both elements. The data for Zr revealed the largest isotopic anomalies, with Zr-96/Zr-94 ratios ranging from 0.074 times to 10 times the solar value. The isotopic data on Mo show one population of graphite grains with close-to-terrestrial Mo composition in all isotopes and five grains with an s-process nucleosynthesis signature, i.e., correlated depletions in the p- and r-process isotopes. For eight grains we were able to measure both Mo and Zr isotopic compositions. Three of these eight graphite grains have s-process isotopic characteristics for both Zr and Mo, which suggests low-mass, thermally pulsed asymptotic giant branch stars as their origin. Four grains are puzzling, since they have nearly normal Mo compositions but significant anomalies in Zr, in particular, large depletions or enhancements in the Zr-96/Zr-94 ratio. Two of these grains have extraordinary enrichments in Zr-96, with Zr-96/Zr-94 ratios 10.4 +/- 1.3 and 2.5 +/- 0.3 times the solar system value. These enrichments are suggestive of the r-process, implying that these grains condensed from the ejecta of core-collapse supernovae, but these enrichments could also be made by the s-process if the neutron density were unusually high. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Davis, Andrew/0000-0001-7955-6236 NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 504 IS 1 BP 492 EP 499 DI 10.1086/306072 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152KT UT WOS:000077777200041 ER PT J AU Turcotte, S Richer, J Michaud, G Iglesias, CA Rogers, FJ AF Turcotte, S Richer, J Michaud, G Iglesias, CA Rogers, FJ TI Consistent solar evolution model including diffusion and radiative acceleration effects SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffusion; Sun : abundances; Sun : evolution; Sun : interior ID STELLAR ENVELOPES; INTERIOR STRUCTURE; ELEMENT DIFFUSION; SUNS INTERIOR; OPACITIES; HELIOSEISMOLOGY; NEUTRINOS; HELIUM; STARS; SENSITIVITY AB The solar evolution has been calculated including all the effects of the diffusion of helium and heavy elements. Monochromatic opacities are used to calculate radiative accelerations and Rosseland opacities at each evolution time step, taking into account the local abundance changes of all important (21) chemical elements. The OPAL monochromatic data are used for the opacities and the radiative accelerations. The Opacity Project data are needed to calculate how chemical species and electrons share the momentum absorbed from the radiation flux. A detailed evaluation of the impact of atomic diffusion on solar models is presented. On some elements thermal diffusion adds approximately 50% to the gravitational settling velocity. While gravitational settling had been included in previous solar models, this is the first time that the impact of radiative accelerations is considered. Radiative accelerations can be up to 40% of gravity below the solar convection zone and thus affect chemical element diffusion significantly, contrary to current belief. Up to the solar age, the abundances of most metals change by 7.5% if complete ionization is assumed, but by 8.5%-10% if detailed ionization of each species is taken into account. If radiative accelerations are included, intermediate values are obtained. Diffusion leads to a change of up to 8% in the Rosseland opacities, compared to those of the original mixture. Most of this effect can be taken into account by using tables with several values of Z. If one isolates the effects of radiative accelerations, the abundance changes they cause alter the Rosseland opacity by up to 0.5%; the density is affected by up to 0.2%; the sound speed is affected by at most 0.06%. The inclusion of radiative accelerations leads to a reduction of 3% of neutrino fluxes measured with Cl-37 detectors and 1% measured with Ga-71 detectors. The partial transformation of C and O into N by nuclear reactions in the core causes a similar to 1% change in the opacities that cannot be modeled by a change in Z alone. The evolution is allowed to proceed to 10(10) yr in order to determine the impact at the end of the main-sequence life of solar-type stars. It is found that immediately below the convection zone, the radiative acceleration on some iron peak elements is within a few percent of gravity. The abundance anomalies reach 18% for He in the convection zone but are kept within 12% and 15% for most because of g(rad). They would have reached 18% in the absence of g(rad). C1 Aarhus Univ, Teoret Astrofys Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Turcotte, S (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, CP 6128, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM turcotte@obs.aau.dk; richer@cerca.umontreal.ca; michaudg@cerca.umontreal.ca; Carlos.Iglesias@quickmail.llnl.gov; opal@west.llnl.gov NR 60 TC 150 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 504 IS 1 BP 539 EP 558 DI 10.1086/306055 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152KT UT WOS:000077777200046 ER PT J AU Juszkiewicz, R Fisher, KB Szapudi, I AF Juszkiewicz, R Fisher, KB Szapudi, I TI Skewed exponential pairwise velocities from Gaussian initial conditions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : interactions; large-scale structure of universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; REDSHIFT-SPACE; FLUCTUATIONS; GALAXIES; DENSITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERTURBATIONS; SKEWNESS; CLUSTERS AB Using an Eulerian perturbative calculation, we show that the distribution of relative pairwise velocities that arises from the gravitational instability of Gaussian density fluctuations has asymmetric (skewed) exponential tails. The negative skewness is induced by the negative mean streaming velocity of pairs (the infall prevails over expansion), while the exponential tails arise because the relative pairwise velocity is a number-weighted, not a volume-weighted, statistic. The derived probability distribution is compared with N-body simulations and is shown to provide a reasonable fit. C1 Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NASA, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Astrophys, Batavia, IL USA. RP Juszkiewicz, R (reprint author), Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 504 IS 1 BP L1 EP L4 DI 10.1086/311558 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152KV UT WOS:000077777400001 ER PT J AU Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Kollgaard, RI Ciardullo, R Feigelson, ED Brinkmann, W Siebert, J AF Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Kollgaard, RI Ciardullo, R Feigelson, ED Brinkmann, W Siebert, J TI Radio-loud active galaxies in the northern ROSAT All-Sky Survey. III. New spectroscopic identifications from the Rass-Green bank BL Lacertae survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects, general; galaxies, active; quasars, general radio; continuum, galaxies; surveys; X-rays, general ID MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; COMPLETE SAMPLE; COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; VLA OBSERVATIONS; GALACTIC NUCLEI; LAC OBJECTS; POLARIZATION; CATALOG; QUASARS; MORPHOLOGY AB We present new spectroscopic identifications for 169 objects in the RASS-Green Bank (RGB) catalog of radio- and X-ray-emitting active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The data presented here significantly increase the fraction of bright RGB objects with classifications. Specifically, we report and discuss the classification of 57 radio-loud quasars, eight radio-quiet quasars (QSOs), 53 BL Lacs, 32 broad-line radio galaxies, five narrow-line radio galaxies, three Seyfert I galaxies, and II galaxies or galaxies in clusters. Over 78% of the identifications we present here are the first published classifications for these sources. The observations we report were undertaken as part of our targeted search program to identify a new, large unbiased sample of BL Lac objects, and we therefore discuss the BL Lac sample extensively. Unlike many previous surveys, we impose no selection criteria based on optical morphology, color, or broadband spectral energy distribution. Our classifications are based solely on a carefully defined set of self-consistent spectroscopic classification criteria. These criteria are then carefully evaluated, and particular attention is paid to issues involving the classification and description of BL Lacs. The criteria yielded BL Lac classifications for 53 RGB objects, 38 of which were are newly discovered BL Lacs. We show these RGB BL Lacs exhibit transitional properties between normal galaxies and BL Lacs discovered in previous radio and X-ray surveys. We briefly discuss the broadband flux distributions of these new RGB BL Lacs and the range of Ca II H and K break contrasts (Br-4000) they exhibit. We show that there is no clear separation in Br-4000 between BL Lacs and galaxies detected in the RGB survey, with the distribution of break strengths varying smoothly between 0% and 50%. We also present and use a simple method based on the break strength to estimate the contribution of both the host galaxy and AGN to the 4000 Angstrom flux. We also show that the newly discovered RGB BL Lacs reside in a "zone of avoidance" in the log (S-x/S-r) versus log (S-o/S-r) diagram. This has important implications for BL Lac search strategies since it shows that RASS BL Lac samples will be severely incomplete if candidates are chosen only from among those objects with the highest S-x/S-r flux ratios. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP Laurent-Muehleisen, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 72 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 118 IS 1 BP 127 EP 175 PG 49 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 119UE UT WOS:000075915400002 ER PT J AU Shaw, WJ Spicer, CW Kenny, DV AF Shaw, WJ Spicer, CW Kenny, DV TI Eddy correlation fluxes of trace gases using a tandem mass spectrometer SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE trace gas fluxes; eddy correlation; acetone flux; ammonia flux; formic acid flux; dry deposition ID AIRCRAFT; BUDGET; LAYER; O-3 AB This paper describes a field evaluation of a tandem mass spectrometer (TAGA) for use in measuring turbulence fluxes of trace gases. Measurements were made over a two-day period in a fallow farm field west of Columbus, OH. The results show that for weakly adsorbing species such as acetone, the effective time constant for the TAGA is < 0.1 s, and the device can be used for eddy correlation flux measurements with little need for corrections. The effective time constant is longer for adsorbing species, such as ammonia, but spectral corrections can permit flux estimates fur these species as well. This paper presents the first reported measurements of fluxes of acetone, formic acid, and ammonia using the eddy correlation technique. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Shaw, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,MS K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 32 IS 17 BP 2887 EP 2898 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00036-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 108MP UT WOS:000075270300002 ER PT J AU Tostmann, H DiMasi, E Shpyrko, OG Pershan, PS Ocko, BM Deutsch, M AF Tostmann, H DiMasi, E Shpyrko, OG Pershan, PS Ocko, BM Deutsch, M TI Surface phases in binary liquid metal alloys: An x-ray study SO BERICHTE DER BUNSEN-GESELLSCHAFT-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsengesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie on Thermodynamic of Alloys CY MAR 22-26, 1998 CL KIEL, GERMANY SP Deut Bunsengesell Phys Chem DE critical phenomena; interfaces; liquids; metals; x-ray scattering ID VAPOR INTERFACE; ALKALI-METALS; REFLECTIVITY; SEGREGATION; GALLIUM; TRANSITION; ELECTRON; PROFILES AB Surface-sensitive x-ray scattering techniques with atomic scale resolution are employed to investigate the microscopic structure of the surface of three classes of liquid binary alloys: (i) Surface segregation in partly miscible binary alloys as predicted by the Gibbs adsorption rule is investigated for Ga-In. The first layer consists of a supercooled In monolayer and the bulk composition is reached after about two atomic diameters. (ii) The Ga-Bi system displays a wetting transition at a characteristic temperature T(w)approximate to 220 degrees C. The transition from a Pi monolayer on Ga below T-w to a thick Pi-rich wetting film above T-w is studied. (iii) The effect of attractive interactions between the two components of a binary alloy on the surface structure is investigated for two Hg-Au alloys. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Tostmann, H (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Shpyrko, Oleg/J-3970-2012 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0005-9021 J9 BER BUNSEN PHYS CHEM JI Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 102 IS 9 BP 1136 EP 1141 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 121LQ UT WOS:000076015600012 ER PT J AU Haarberg, GM Egan, JJ AF Haarberg, GM Egan, JJ TI Experimental applications of sodium-containing alloys in molten alkali halides SO BERICHTE DER BUNSEN-GESELLSCHAFT-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsengesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie on Thermodynamic of Alloys CY MAR 22-26, 1998 CL KIEL, GERMANY SP Deut Bunsengesell Phys Chem DE electrochemistry; molten salts; sodium alloys; thermodynamics ID DOUBLE-LAYER INDUCTANCE; ELECTRODE-KINETICS; CHLORIDE AB Sodium-bismuth alloys were used as reference electrodes in contact with molten alkali halides to establish sodium activities. Electronic conductivity versus sodium activity was obtained for molten sodium halides using such alloys (similar to 5 mol% Na) in polarization experiments. Results are presented for molten NaI. Also concentration versus activity data for Na in Na-Bi alloys were determined as a function of composition (x(Na),: 0.01-0.15) and temperature (700-900 degrees C) by using a simple coulometric titration technique. Sodium-lead alloys (similar to 8 mol% Na) were used to study the kinetics of the sodium electrode in molten NaCl using ac impedance spectroscopy combined with galvanostatic perturbation. Results from potential measurements between aluminium and a sodium alloy electrode performed in cryolite-alumina melts to study the effects of electrolyte composition are also presented. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Electrochem, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Haarberg, GM (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Electrochem, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0005-9021 J9 BER BUNSEN PHYS CHEM JI Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 102 IS 9 BP 1298 EP 1303 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 121LQ UT WOS:000076015600039 ER PT J AU Haarberg, GM Thonstad, J Egan, JJ Oblakowski, R Pietrzyk, S AF Haarberg, GM Thonstad, J Egan, JJ Oblakowski, R Pietrzyk, S TI Electronic conduction in cryolite-alumina melts SO BERICHTE DER BUNSEN-GESELLSCHAFT-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsengesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie on Thermodynamic of Alloys CY MAR 22-26, 1998 CL KIEL, GERMANY SP Deut Bunsengesell Phys Chem DE aluminum; electrical properties; electrochemistry; molten salts; transport properties ID MOLTEN; ALLOYS AB Previous work by the authors has shown that electrons are an important constituent of cryolite melts saturated with alumina and in contact with aluminum. This has a negative effect on the current efficiency of aluminum production in industrial cells. In the present paper, methods used to measure electronic conduction, electron mobilities, and electron concentrations in cryolite alumina melts (NaF/AlF3 molar ratio=3) will be reviewed. New results will then be reported on electronic conduction in melts with a NaF/AlF3 molar ratio of 2.4 at various sodium activities. In particular, a ratio nearer to that used in industrial cells was examined. AC resistance measurements were performed on cryolite-based alumina melts equilibrated with aluminum-silver alloys between 967 and 1037 degrees C. The results were used to estimate the effect of electrons on current efficiency in cells used for the production of aluminum. Equations for the current efficiency formerly used by the authors are reviewed and calculations based on the new results are presented. In general, current efficiencies between 93.5% and 99% were obtained. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Electrochem, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Haarberg, GM (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Electrochem, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0005-9021 J9 BER BUNSEN PHYS CHEM JI Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 102 IS 9 BP 1314 EP 1320 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 121LQ UT WOS:000076015600042 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, FM Burkard, F Glaeser, RM AF Hendrickson, FM Burkard, F Glaeser, RM TI Structural characterization of the L-to-M transition of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TRANSFORM-INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DRIVEN PROTON PUMP; SCHIFF-BASE; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; N-INTERMEDIATE; CHROMOPHORE STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE; MECHANISM; TRANSLOCATION AB Structural intermediates occurring in the photocycle of wild-type bacteriorhodopsin are trapped by illuminating hydrated, glucose-embedded purple membrane at 170K, 220K, 230K, and 240K, We characterize light-induced changes in protein conformation by electron diffraction difference Fourier maps, and relate these to previous work on photocycle intermediates by infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Samples illuminated at 170K are confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy to be in the L state; a difference Fourier projection map shows no structural change within the 0.35-nm resolution limit of our data. Difference maps obtained with samples illuminated at 220K, 230K, and 240K, respectively, reveal a progressively larger structural response in helix F when the protein is still in the M state, as judged by the FTIR spectra, Consistent with previous structural studies, an adjustment in the position or in the degree of ordering of helix G accompanies this motion. The model of the photocycle emerging from this and previous studies is that bacteriorhodopsin experiences minimal change in protein structure until a proton is transferred from the Schiff base to Asp(85). The M intermediate then undergoes a conformational evolution that opens a hydrated "half-channel," allowing the subsequent reprotonation of the Schiff base by Asp(96). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Stanley Donner ASU, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hendrickson, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 53 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 1446 EP 1454 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 114TL UT WOS:000075625100032 PM 9726946 ER PT J AU Fung, JL Moronne, MM Weier, HUG AF Fung, JL Moronne, MM Weier, HUG TI Simple blocking system for use with maleimide-labeled nucleic acid probes SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; CELLS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Weier, HUG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Div Life Sci, MS 74-157,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD SEP PY 1998 VL 25 IS 3 BP 390 EP + PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 118XH UT WOS:000075865900011 PM 9762435 ER PT J AU Sadana, A Vo-Dinh, T AF Sadana, A Vo-Dinh, T TI Single- and dual-fractal analysis of hybridization binding kinetics: Biosensor applications SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID IMMOBILIZED ANTIBODY; ANTIGEN; DIFFUSION; SURFACES; ASSAYS; LIMITATIONS; ADSORPTION; RECEPTOR; SENSOR; LABEL AB The diffusion-limited hybridization kinetics of analyte in solution to a receptor immobilized on a biosensor or immunosensor surface is analyzed within a fractal framework. The data may be analyzed by a single- or a dual-fractal analysis. This was indicated by the regression analysis provided by Sigmaplot. It is of interest to note that the binding rate coefficient and the fractal dimension both exhibit changes in the same direction for both the single-fractal and the dual-fractal analysis examples presented. For example, for a single-fractal analysis and for the hybridization of 10 nM 16*CFl (oligonucleotide) to 16*B immobilized via sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotinamido)-hexanoate and streptavidin using chemical and thermal regeneration (Abel, A. P.; Weller, M. G.; Duveneck, G. L.; Ehrat, M. Widmer, H. M. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 2905-2912), an increase in the fractal dimension, DF from 1.211 (chemical regeneration) to 1.394 (thermal regeneration), leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient, k, from 86.53 (chemical regeneration) to 100.0 (thermal regeneration). An increase in the degree of heterogeneity on the biosensor surface leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient. When a dual-fractal analysis was utilized, an increase in the fractal dimension value from D-f1 to D-f2 leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient value from k(1) to k(2). The fractional order of dependence of the binding rate coefficient, k(1), on (a) the analyte (rRNA) concentration in solution and (b) on the fractal dimension, D-f1, for the hybridization kinetics to detect Listeria species (Fliss, R.; St-Laurent, M.; Emond, E.; Simard, R. E.; Lemieux, R.; Ettriki, A.; Pandian, S. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1995, 43, 717-724.) further reinforces the fractal nature of the system. The binding rate coefficient(s) expressions developed as a function of the analyte concentration in solution and the fractal dimension are of particular value since they provide a means to better control of biosensor or immunosensor performance. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 14 IS 5 BP 782 EP 790 DI 10.1021/bp980081r PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 156VG UT WOS:000078022300016 PM 9758669 ER PT J AU Roberto, FF AF Roberto, FF TI LaserGene for Windows SO BIOTECHNOLOGY SOFTWARE & INTERNET JOURNAL LA English DT Software Review C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1088-4270 J9 BIOTECHNOL SOFTW I J JI Biotechnol. Softw. Internet J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 5 BP 13 EP + PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science GA 129ER UT WOS:000076451300002 ER PT J AU Sasser, LB Anderson, LE Morris, JE Miller, DL Walborg, EF Kavet, R Johnston, DA DiGiovanni, J AF Sasser, LB Anderson, LE Morris, JE Miller, DL Walborg, EF Kavet, R Johnston, DA DiGiovanni, J TI Lack of a co-promoting effect of a 60 Hz magnetic field on skin tumorigenesis in SENCAR mice SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID MOUSE-SKIN; CANCER PROMOTION; TUMOR PROMOTION; EXPOSURE; MODEL AB It has been proposed that extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields may enhance tumorigenesis through a co-promotional mechanism, This hypothesis has been further tested using the two-stage model of mouse skin carcinogenesis, i.e. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)induced promotion of skin tumors in mice initiated by a single subcarcinogenic dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, Experimentation described herein utilized the SENCAR mouse and examined the effect of a magnetic field on skin tumor promotion induced by three different doses of TPA within its dose-response range, i.e. 0.85, 1.70 or 3.40 nmol, administered twice per week. SENCAR mice (56/treatment group) were exposed to a 60 Hz magnetic field having a flux density of 2 mT for 6 h/day for 5 days/week and compared with mice exposed to the ambient magnetic field. Tumor incidence and multiplicity were monitored weekly for 23 weeks of TPA promotion. Statistical evaluation of the effects of the magnetic field on tumor incidence and multiplicity did not reveal any statistically significant effects; thus, within the sensitivity limits imposed by the animal model and the exposure parameters employed, no promotional or co-promotional effect of a 2 mT magnetic field on skin tumor development in SENCAR mice could be demonstrated. C1 Univ Texas, Md Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Res, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Dermigen Inc, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP DiGiovanni, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Md Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Res, Sci Pk,POB 389, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1617 EP 1621 DI 10.1093/carcin/19.9.1617 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 120BM UT WOS:000075934700014 PM 9771933 ER PT J AU Lind, C Wilkinson, AP Hu, ZB Short, S Jorgensen, JD AF Lind, C Wilkinson, AP Hu, ZB Short, S Jorgensen, JD TI Synthesis and properties of the negative thermal expansion material cubic ZrMo2O8 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONIUM MOLYBDATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ZRW2O8; TUNGSTATE; PHASE AB A new phase, cubic ZrMo2O8, has been prepared by the low-temperature dehydration of ZrMo2O7(OH)(2). 2H(2)O. This material displays isotropic negative linear thermal expansion (alpha = -5.0 x 10(-6) K-1) over a large temperature range. Unlike the previously reported cubic ZrW2O8, it does not undergo any phase transformations on heating at atmospheric pressure, and it does not display any pressure-induced phase transformations below 0.6 GPa at room temperature. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wilkinson, AP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008; Lind, Cora/K-3595-2013 OI Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X; Lind, Cora/0000-0002-8138-3562 NR 22 TC 140 Z9 144 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 10 IS 9 BP 2335 EP + DI 10.1021/cm980438m PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 123XH UT WOS:000076150600012 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Kmety, CR Huang, QZ Lynn, JW Bendele, GM Pagola, S Stephens, PW Liable-Sands, LM Rheingold, AL Epstein, AJ Miller, JS AF Manson, JL Kmety, CR Huang, QZ Lynn, JW Bendele, GM Pagola, S Stephens, PW Liable-Sands, LM Rheingold, AL Epstein, AJ Miller, JS TI Structure and magnetic ordering of M-II[N(CN)(2)](2) (M = Co, Ni) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BASED MAGNETS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; HEAT-CAPACITY; T-C; FERROMAGNETS; DICYANAMIDE; COMPLEXES; DIFFRACTION AB The reaction of [M-II(OH2)(6)](NO3)(2) (M = Co, Ni) and [N(CN)(2)](-) leads to formation of isomorphous M[N(CN)(2)](2) [M = Co (2a), Ni (3)], respectively, while the reaction of [Co-II(OH2)(6)](NO3)(2) in 1% pyridine (py) solution with [N(CN)(2)](-) leads to the formation of Co[N(CN)(2)](2)py(2). The structure of 2a, alpha-Co[N(CN)(2)](2), was determined from the Rietveld analyses of both powder X-ray (synchrotron) and neutron as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, whereas the structure of 3 was determined from the Rietveld analysis of powder neutron diffraction data. 2a (pink) and 3 (light blue) belong to the orthorhombic space group Pnnm with Z = 2 [2a (single crystal): a = 5.9985(15), b = 7.0711(18), c = 7.4140(19) Angstrom, V = 314.47(14) Angstrom(3), R-1 = 0.027. 3 (powder neutron diffraction): a = 5.97357(25), b = 7.03196(28), c = 7.29424(22) Angstrom, V = 306.40(3) Angstrom(3), chi(2) = 1.650]. Thermolysis of Co[N(CN)(2)](2)py(2) leads to intensely blue beta-Co-II[N(CN)(2)](2), 2b. The M in 2a and 3 are six-coordinate and bound to six different mu(3)-bonded [N(CN)(2)](-) ligands, forming a rutile-like 3-D framework. Both M-II sites are slightly tetragonally elongated, with average axial M-N distances (295 K) of 2.161(5) (2a) and 2.137(2) A (3) and average equatorial M-N distances of 2.091(4) (2a) and 2.051(1) Angstrom (3), and each M-II is coordinated to four equatorial [N(CN)(2)](-) ligands that bridge between two adjacent M-II sites, generating ribbon-like 1-D chains that propagate along the c-axis. Adjacent chains pack out-of-registry, with the central N2s bridging to M-II ions of adjacent chains, forming a 3-D network. [N(CN)(2)](-) has pseudo-C-2v symmetry with average C1 = N1 distances of 1.158 (2a) and 1.159 Angstrom (3) at room temperature and C1-N2 distances of 1.315 (2a) and 1.313 A (3). The structure of 2b has not yet been elucidated, but on the basis of the color and magnetic properties, it is thought; to be comprised of tetrahedral Co(II). The shortest M...M separations are 5.936 (2a) and 5.881 Angstrom (3) at room temperature via neutron diffraction studies. The susceptibility for 2a, 2b, and 3 can be fit by the Curie-Weiss expression with g = 2.60, theta = 9 K (T > 50 K); g = 2.27, theta = -7 K (T > 60 K); and g = 2.20, theta = 21 K (T > 50 K), respectively. The observed room-temperature effective moments of 5.13, 4.37, and 3.17 mu(B), respectively, exceed the spin-only moments as expected for these metal ions, but are consistent with octahedral Co(II), tetrahedral Co(II), and octahedral Ni(II), respectively. Ferromagnetic behavior is suggested for 2a and 3 from the 5 K, 5.5 T saturation magnetizations of 14 000 (2a) and 11 900 emu Oe/mol (3), hysteresis loops with coercive fields, H-cr, of 800 (2a), 680 (2b), and 7000 Oe (3) at 2 K, field-cooled and zero-field-cooled low-field M(T) data showing magnetic ordering below essentially magnetic field-independent bifurcation temperatures of 9.2 (2a) and 20.6 K (3), and observations of both in-phase, chi'(T), and out-of-phase, chi "(T), components of the ac susceptibility maxima slightly below the bifurcation temperatures. The T(c)s are estimated from the peaks in the 10 Hz XI(T) data to be 8.7, 8.9, and 19.7 K for 2a, 2b, and 3, respectively. Using mean-field theory the spin-coupling energies, J/k(B), were estimated to be 0.45, -0.7, and 2.0 K for 2a, 2b, and 3, respectively. 2b shows canted antiferromagnetic behavior below its ordering temperature of 8.9 K. A second transition at 2.7 K, as observed in ac susceptibility, specific heat, and field-cooled/zero-field-cooled magnetization studies, suggests the possibility of an initially canted antiferromagnetic ground state with a change in canting angle below 2.7 K. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miller, JS (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. OI PAGOLA, SILVINA/0000-0003-2083-7599 NR 75 TC 278 Z9 280 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 10 IS 9 BP 2552 EP 2560 DI 10.1021/cm980321y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 123XH UT WOS:000076150600042 ER PT J AU Salmeron, M AF Salmeron, M TI Observing friction at work SO CHEMTECH LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; MICA; SURFACE; ALKANETHIOLS; MOLECULES; PRESSURE; CONTACT; WEAR; GOLD AB New analytical tools are making it possible to tell exactly what's happening at those important interfaces between surfaces. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Bldg 66, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM salmeron@stm.lbl.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2703 J9 CHEMTECH JI Chemtech PD SEP PY 1998 VL 28 IS 9 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 118UB UT WOS:000075857800004 ER PT J AU Nunez, L Kaminski, MD AF Nunez, L Kaminski, MD TI Separating metals using coated magnetic particles SO CHEMTECH LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED CHEMICAL-SEPARATION; MICROPARTICLES AB Magnetically assisted chemical separation (MACS) provides a more efficient, "green", and cost-effective method of removing hazardous metals and radionuclides from industrial process solutions and wastes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nunez, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2703 J9 CHEMTECH JI Chemtech PD SEP PY 1998 VL 28 IS 9 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 118UB UT WOS:000075857800007 ER PT J AU Dwyer, SF AF Dwyer, SF TI Alternative landfill covers pass the test SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dwyer, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 68 IS 9 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 114MZ UT WOS:000075614400035 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, NJ Cole, CV Paustian, K AF Rosenberg, NJ Cole, CV Paustian, K TI Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by the agriculture sector - New technologies, policies and measures offer potential to mitigate emissions while improving productivity and ecosystem health: An introductory editorial SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rosenberg, NJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RI Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016 NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD SEP PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1023/A:1005374330361 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 123PB UT WOS:000076132600001 ER PT J AU Ward, MJ Son, SF Brewster, MQ AF Ward, MJ Son, SF Brewster, MQ TI Role of gas- and condensed-phase kinetics in burning rate control of energetic solids SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article ID DEFLAGRATION AB A simplified two-step kinetics model for the combustion of energetic solids has been used to investigate the effect of gas-phase activation energy on flame structure and burning rate and the role of gas- versus condensed-phase kinetics in determining burning rate. The following assumptions are made: a single-step, unimolecular, high activation energy decomposition process which is overall relatively energetically neutral, is followed by a highly exothermic single-step, bimolecular, gas-phase reaction with arbitrary activation energy, (E) over tilde(g). The results show that at extremely low (<10(4) Pa) or high (>10(12) Pa) pressures the burning rate is controlled by the condensed-phase reaction kinetics for any (E) over tilde g. At intermediate pressures (10(5)-10(10) Pa) gas reaction kinetics contribute strongly to the burning rate. In this pressure range the value of (E) over tilde(g) plays an important function in determining the role of gas- and condensed-phase reactions: for high (E) over tilde(g) a gas-phase kinetically controlled regime exists; for low (E) over tilde(g) both condensed and gas-phase kinetics are important. The limiting behaviour of asymptotically large (E) over tilde(g) (gas kinetically controlled burning rate) occurs at about (E) over tilde(g) = 20 kcal mol(-1) for parameters representative of HMX, while the vanishingly small (E) over tilde(g) behaviour occurs near (E) over tilde(g) = 1 kcal mol(-1). Previous comparison with burning rate and temperature profile data has suggested that the small-(E) over tilde(g) limit is the more accurate of the two extremes. This may imply that the important (burning rate influencing) primary gas reaction zone near the surface has more the character of, a chain reaction mechanism than the classical high activation energy thermal decomposition mechanism. To the degree that the low-(E) over tilde(g) chain reaction model is a better approximation than the high-(E) over tilde g thermal decomposition model, the possibility exists that the chemistry of either reaction zone, including the molecular structure of the material, might be exploited for favourable tailoring of burning rate. The low-(E) over tilde(g) model also provides a rational mechanistic explanation of observed trends in burning rate temperature sensitivity with pressure and temperature for materials like HMX in terms of a gradual transition from mixed gas- and condensed-phase kinetic control to condensed-phase only kinetic control as the pressure decreases. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ward, MJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 2 IS 3 BP 293 EP 312 DI 10.1088/1364-7830/2/3/005 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 128DA UT WOS:000076388900005 ER PT J AU Sarma, GB Radhakrishnan, B Zacharia, T AF Sarma, GB Radhakrishnan, B Zacharia, T TI Finite element simulations of cold deformation at the mesoscale SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE finite element method; mesoscale modeling; texture development; crystal plasticity; inhomogeneous deformations ID CHANNEL DIE COMPRESSION; POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; FCC METALS; EVOLUTION; ALUMINUM; CRYSTAL; MODEL; CREEP AB The deformation of polycrystalline aggregates is modeled using the finite element method. Explicit discretization at the single crystal level is employed to study the inhomogeneous deformations of individual crystals. Plastic deformation by crystallographic slip is treated using a constitutive model based on crystal plasticity. The formulation is used to predict the non-uniform nature of strain hardening and texture evolution in the crystals subjected to plane strain compression. The capability of the simulations to capture the inhomogeneous deformation of individual grains during plastic deformation of polycrystals is demonstrated. The hardness and orientation Values of elements from the same grain evolve to different final values due to local inhomogeneities and interactions with neighbors. The simulations provide a means to obtain quantitative information on the inhomogeneous distributions of stored energy and orientations among the different crystals comprising the microstructure. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Mat Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sarma, GB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Mat Sci Grp, POB 2008,MS 6140, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425 NR 30 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2 BP 105 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0927-0256(98)00036-6 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 148UX UT WOS:000077552700003 ER PT J AU Tarman, TD Hutchinson, RL Pierson, LG Sholander, PE Witzke, EL AF Tarman, TD Hutchinson, RL Pierson, LG Sholander, PE Witzke, EL TI Algorithm-agile encryption in ATM networks SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB As more users subscribe to ATM data services to support their broadband applications, ATM security devices must be employed to ensure protection against eavesdropping, impersonation, unauthorized data modification, and denial-of-service threats. Because security policies can vary according to site preference or import/export regulations, the ATM Forum's ATM Security Specification, Version 1.0, provides for the negotiation of security parameters. To increase the likelihood for successful negotiation of encryption parameters, the ATM. encryptor must implement multiple algorithms. Such encryptors are called algorithm-agile encryptors. This article describes a prototype ATM encryptor that implements mechanisms for requesting an encryption algorithm, performing end-user and encryptor authentication, and exchanging encryption keys, using the ATM Forum's Security Message Exchange protocol. When used together; these mechanisms provide protection against eavesdropping and impersonation threats. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87213 USA. RP Tarman, TD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87213 USA. EM tdrarma@sandia.gov; rlhutch@sandia.gov; lgpiers@sandia.gov; peshola@sandia.gov; elwitzk@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD SEP PY 1998 VL 31 IS 9 BP 57 EP + DI 10.1109/2.708451 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 113PD UT WOS:000075559700016 ER PT J AU Reynders, JVW Cummings, JC AF Reynders, JVW Cummings, JC TI The POOMA framework SO COMPUTERS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ASCI Computat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reynders, JVW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ASCI Computat Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM reynders@acl.lanl.gov; julianc@acl.lanl.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0894-1866 J9 COMPUT PHYS JI Comput. Phys. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1063/1.168723 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 130AY UT WOS:000076498100015 ER PT J AU Hyman, JM Shashkov, M AF Hyman, JM Shashkov, M TI Approximation of boundary conditions for mimetic finite-difference methods SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE finite-difference; logically-rectangular grids; discrete vector analysis; boundary conditions ID LOGICALLY RECTANGULAR GRIDS; NATURAL DISCRETIZATIONS; PROJECTIONS; DIVERGENCE; SUMMATION; STABILITY; GRADIENT; PARTS; CURL AB The numerical solution of partial differential equations solved with finite-difference approximations that mimic the symmetry properties of the continuum differential operators and satisfy discrete versions of the appropriate integral identities are more likely to produce physically faithful results. Furthermore, those properties are often needed when using the energy method to prove convergence and stability of a particular difference approximation. Unless special care is taken, mimetic difference approximations derived for the interior grid points will fail to preserve the symmetries and identities between the gradient, curl, and divergence operators at the computational boundary. In this paper, we describe how to incorporate boundary conditions into finite-difference methods so the resulting approximations mimic the identities for the differential operators of vector and tensor calculus. The approach is valid for a wide class of partial differential equations of mathematical physics and will be described for Poisson's equation with Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin boundary conditions. We prove that the resulting difference approximation is symmetric and positive definite for each of these boundary conditions. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hyman, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-7,MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 79 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0898-1221(98)00152-7 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 114KR UT WOS:000075608900008 ER PT J AU Yelick, K Semenzato, L Pike, G Miyamoto, C Liblit, B Krishnamurthy, A Hilfinger, P Graham, S Gay, D Colella, P Aiken, A AF Yelick, K Semenzato, L Pike, G Miyamoto, C Liblit, B Krishnamurthy, A Hilfinger, P Graham, S Gay, D Colella, P Aiken, A TI Titanium: a high-performance Java dialect SO CONCURRENCY-PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMS AB Titanium is a language and system for high-performance parallel scientific computing. Titanium uses Java as its base, thereby leveraging the advantages of that language and allowing us to focus attention on parallel computing issues. The main additions to Java are immutable classes, multidinensional arrays, an explicitly parallel SPMD model of computation with a global address space, and zone-based memory management. We discuss these features and our design approach, and report progress on the development of Titanium, including our current driving application: a three-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement parallel Poisson solver. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM luigi@semenzato.com NR 13 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1040-3108 J9 CONCURRENCY-PRACT EX JI Concurrency-Pract. Exp. PD SEP-NOV PY 1998 VL 10 IS 11-13 BP 825 EP 836 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9128(199809/11)10:11/13<825::AID-CPE383>3.0.CO;2-H PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 150CB UT WOS:000077644300002 ER PT J AU Thiruvathukal, GK Thomas, LS Korczynski, AT AF Thiruvathukal, GK Thomas, LS Korczynski, AT TI Reflective remote method invocation SO CONCURRENCY-PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE AB Remote method invocation (RMI) is available in the current Java language design and implementation, providing the much needed capability of allowing objects running in different Java processes to collaborate using a variation on the popular remote procedure call (RPC), Although RMI provides features which are desirable for high-performance distributed computing, its design and implementation are deficient in key areas of importance to the highperformance computing community in general. This paper addresses the key deficiencies of RMI and how these deficiencies affect the design and implementation of distributed abject applications. Reflective RMI (RRMI) is an open RMI implementation which makes better use of the object-oriented features of Java, RRMI is so-called reflective because it directly employs the reflection capabilities of the current Java language to invoke methods remotely. RRMI makes use of the dynamic class loader (a class called NetClassLoader) to allow client/server applications to be built for high-performance computing systems without having all of the,class files present on all nodes in a parallel computation. Among other features discussed are support for asynchronous remote method invocations with deferred reply and exception semantics. (C) 1998 John Whey & Sons, Ltd. C1 Tool Comp LLC, Chicago, IL USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1040-3108 J9 CONCURRENCY-PRACT EX JI Concurrency-Pract. Exp. PD SEP-NOV PY 1998 VL 10 IS 11-13 BP 911 EP 925 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9128(199809/11)10:11/13<911::AID-CPE389>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 150CB UT WOS:000077644300010 ER PT J AU Boisvert, RF Dongarra, JJ Pozo, R Remington, KA Stewart, GW AF Boisvert, RF Dongarra, JJ Pozo, R Remington, KA Stewart, GW TI Developing numerical libraries in Java SO CONCURRENCY-PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article ID MATRIX AB The rapid and widespread adoption of Java has created a demand for reliable and reusable mathematical software components to support the growing number of computationally intensive applications now under development, particularly in science and engineering. In this paper we address practical issues of the Java language and environment which have an effect on numerical library design and development. Benchmarks which illustrate the current levels of performance of key numerical kernels on a variety of Java platforms me presented. Finally, a strategy for the development of a fundamental numerical toolkit for Java is proposed and its current status is described, (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NIST, Div Math & Comp Sci, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014; OI Boisvert, Ronald/0000-0002-4445-1044 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1040-3108 J9 CONCURRENCY-PRACT EX JI Concurrency-Pract. Exp. PD SEP-NOV PY 1998 VL 10 IS 11-13 BP 1117 EP 1129 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9128(199809/11)10:11/13<1117::AID-CPE386>3.3.CO;2-9 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 150CB UT WOS:000077644300029 ER PT J AU Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Gray, KE AF Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Gray, KE TI Point contact tunnelling apparatus with temperature and magnetic field control SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE tunnelling spectroscopy; superconductors; cryostat ID SPECTROSCOPY; BA1-XKXBIO3 AB The design and testing of a new device for point contact tunnelling measurements in superconductors are described. The insert is designed for use with a continuous flow cryostat which allows for a large range of sample temperatures from 1.5 K to room temperature. The use of nonmagnetic parts allows tunnelling measurements to be performed in high magnetic fields. Testing was carried out on a conventional super conductor, Nb, in fields up to 6 T using Nb and Au tips to obtain superconductor-insulator-superconductor and superconductor-insulator-normal metal junctions. In addition, a moderate-T-c oxide superconductor, Ba1-xKxBiO3', was used to obtain temperature and magnetic field dependencies of the energy gap. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconduct, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Ozyuzer, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconduct, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD SEP PY 1998 VL 38 IS 9 BP 911 EP 915 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(98)00060-5 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 138KY UT WOS:000076972100007 ER PT J AU Mascio, LN Yuen, BK Kegelmeyer, WP Matsumoto, K Briner, J Wyrobek, AJ AF Mascio, LN Yuen, BK Kegelmeyer, WP Matsumoto, K Briner, J Wyrobek, AJ TI Advances in the automated detection of metaphase chromosomes labeled with fluorescence dyes SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE automated metaphase finding; feature extraction; fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); biodosimetry; translocations; binary decision tree classifier; box classifier ID CHERNOBYL CLEANUP WORKERS; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; FINDER; FISH; ABERRATIONS; PERFORMANCE; FREQUENCY; SYSTEMS AB Applications of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for translocation studies and biological dosimetry would benefit substantially from reliable and efficient automatic detection of metaphase chromosomes labeled with fluorescent dyes. We replicated and evaluated a fluorescence metaphase finder previously developed at the Medical Research Council (MRC), Human Genetics Unit (Scotland) and at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL; California), The MRC/LBL system seemed to detect nearly all of the metaphases on the test slides, but it presented an unacceptable number of false positives (about five false positives per one true positive). Furthermore, we determined that the system actually overcalled true detections by counting certain metaphase spreads twice (duplicates), Through modifications of the MRC/LBL system, we developed the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) system, which minimizes the detection of duplicates, incorporates new detection features, uses a binary decision tree (BDT) for classification, and provides functionalities to improve scanning accuracy and improve the post-detection review. To test the new system, DAPI-stained preparations of metaphase chromosomes from blood lymphocytes of four unrelated donors were placed on slides in drops ranging from 7 mm to 20 mm in diameter. Drops contained between 5 and 200 scorable metaphases each, The LLNL system achieved similar to 90% detection of non-duplicated metaphases as verified by an expert cytogeneticist, with typically less than one false positive per every one true positive detected. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Comp Engn, Livermore, CA USA. Inst Environm Toxicol, Div Toxicol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Wyrobek, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wyrobek1@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 111JT UT WOS:000075434100002 PM 9725554 ER PT J AU Hahn, DW McCarty, KF AF Hahn, DW McCarty, KF TI Systematic study of diamond film deposition in an atmospheric-pressure stagnation-flow flame reactor SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE acetylene; chemical vapor deposition; combustion synthesis; radical ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HIGH-QUALITY DIAMOND; COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN; METHYL AB An experimental study of diamond-film deposition is reported that utilized a scaled-up, stagnation-flow flame reactor. Films were deposited using highly strained premixed acetylene-oxygen-hydrogen flames. The roles of flame stoichiometry, deposition temperature, and the use of nitrogen and argon diluents are evaluated. The experimental growth results are analyzed based on the participation of methyl and hydrogen radicals in the diamond growth process. The deposition results, both growth rates and film quality based on Raman and SEM analysis, correlated well with recent calculations of the predicted methyl radical to atomic hydrogen ratios. Flame temperature was found to have a pronounced effect on diamond deposition that is likely coupled to the delivery of methyl radicals and hydrogen atoms to the substrate surface. Overall, the atmospheric-pressure reactor performed well. demonstrating successful scale-up, but flame stability and other engineering controls were necessary for achieving uniform diamond deposition and high growth rates. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hahn, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012 OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1320 EP 1327 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(98)00192-7 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 122BL UT WOS:000076050700011 ER PT J AU Ding, WL Thornton, MJ Fritz, JS AF Ding, WL Thornton, MJ Fritz, JS TI Capillary electrophoresis of anions at high salt concentrations SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE sea water; capillary electrophoresis; high salt concentrations; anion analysis; joule heating ID ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; NONIONIC COMPOUNDS; NATURAL-WATERS; FUSED-SILICA; SEPARATION; PROTEINS; SEAWATER; IODIDE; BUFFERS AB It is commonly thought that even a moderately high ionic concentration in the background electrolyte (BGE) would leaad to Joule heating and serious peak distortion. However, we obtained very satisfactory separations of both inorganic and organic anions in electrolyte solutions as high as 5 M sodium chloride using direct photometric detection. Samples containing a 0.5 M concentration of a salt can be analyzed directly by making the BGE concentration of the same salt even higher to obtain electrostacking. The temperature in the center of the capillary was calculated to be 49 degrees C when the current is at its maximum of 280 mu A. The effect of various salts on electrophoretic and electroosmotic mobility is discussed. Several examples are given of capillary electrophoresis under high-salt conditions. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fritz, JS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 332 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 26 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2133 EP 2139 DI 10.1002/elps.1150191216 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 122HJ UT WOS:000076065800015 PM 9761194 ER PT J AU Haas, R Schipper, L AF Haas, R Schipper, L TI Residential energy demand in OECD-countries and the role of irreversible efficiency improvements SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE residential energy demand; irreversible efficiency improvements; energy policy AB After undergoing substantial changes during a period of high energy prices, household energy demand did not rebound in times of declining energy prices as might have been expected. Hence, other factors, such as irreversible improvements in technical efficiency, must be understood in order to describe both past and future household energy demand. In this paper we consider irreversible efficiency improvements as a major reason for the moderate growth in energy demand after the plummeting of the oil price in 1985. We test different econometric models to take into account efficiency indicators. The major conclusions of our investigation are: (i) price elasticities are different for rising and falling prices - for the latter they are close to zero, implying a low rebound-effect in the residential sector; (ii) technical efficiency is an important parameter for describing and forecasting energy demand; and (iii) income elasticities turn out to be higher once we incorporate indicators of technological efficiency in the process of estimating energy demand. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Energy Econ, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haas, R (reprint author), Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Energy Econ, Gusshausstr 27-29-357, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. NR 18 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 20 IS 4 BP 421 EP 442 DI 10.1016/S0140-9883(98)00003-6 PG 22 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 126HF UT WOS:000076287300005 ER PT J AU Sinton, JE Levine, MD Wang, QY AF Sinton, JE Levine, MD Wang, QY TI Energy efficiency in China: Accomplishments and challenges SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRY AB In 1980, the Chinese government made a series of policy decisions to stimulate energy efficiency in a major effort to partially decouple energy and economic growth, These and subsequent policy decisions, combined with a variety of implementation measures, have been exceptionally successful, China is one of the few countries at a relatively early stage of industrialization in which energy demand has consistently - and over many years - grown significantly less rapidly than gross domestic product (GDP). China's primary energy consumption in 1995 was 1250 million metric tons of standard coal equivalent (Mtce). If energy intensity has remained at the 1977 level, China would have consumed 2700 Mtce in 1996, 2.2 times the actual level. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the policy measures and implementation approaches that China used to achieve these results. We describe the programs that channeled investment into energy efficiency projects, management systems that encouraged factories to reduce energy demand, research and development programs that produced and applied technology to the problem of energy saving, the creation and widespread use of energy conservation service centers throughout China, and other policies. We also describe the present transition to a system that is much more market oriented, and identify some major challenges that need to be dealt with to, maintain the extraordinary efforts in China to reduce energy intensity. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. China Energy Res Soc, Beijing, Peoples R China. Informat Inst Coal Sci & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Sinton, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 50 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD SEP PY 1998 VL 26 IS 11 BP 813 EP 829 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(98)00004-4 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 140HM UT WOS:000077082000001 ER PT J AU Kazakevicius, E Schipper, L Meyers, S AF Kazakevicius, E Schipper, L Meyers, S TI The residential space heating problem in Lithuania SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY AB Several important problems are associated with heating of housing in Lithuania, Residential heating is heavily dependent on fossil fuel, combustion of which contributes to air pollution and atmospheric build-up of carbon dioxide. Subsidies from the State budget to maintain the residential heat price at a below-cost level declined in recent years, but are often still substantial. Eliminating subsidies for heat is politically difficult. Many households face difficulty in paying their heating bill, which has risen greatly in real terms in the past five years. The problem is amplified since most households in apartments are billed on the basis of their floor area, not on real heat consumption. The magnitude of the above problems is heightened by the inefficient manner in which energy is used to heat most residential buildings. This inefficiency concerns losses in transmission and distribution of district heat, high losses through the building envelopes, as well as lack of proper metering and control of district heat, imrpoving the energy efficiency of heating is recognized as an important goal for addressing the problems outlined above. This report describes housing and space heating in Lithuania. It discusses the process of privatization and how it affects heating energy use, as well as implementation of conservation measures and retrofitting. It also discusses some of the measures undertaken by both property owners and by governmental agencies that affect heating energy use. The report summarizes results from a number of recent studies of the potential for energy savings in heating Lithuanian multifamily buildings. We discuss barriers to realization of the potential, and institutional and financial approaches for overcoming them. In closing we recommend actions that should be taken soon to move Lithuanian housing along a path to greater energy efficiency. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Energy Anal Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kazakevicius, E (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Energy Anal Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD SEP PY 1998 VL 26 IS 11 BP 831 EP 858 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(98)00005-6 PG 28 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 140HM UT WOS:000077082000002 ER PT J AU Alam, M Sathaye, J Barnes, D AF Alam, M Sathaye, J Barnes, D TI Urban household energy use in India: efficiency and policy implications SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article AB Biomass-based fuels are being steadily replaced with modern fossil fuels and electricity in cities of developing countries. The latter energy sources are more convenient and efficient to use, and produce less local pollutants, This fuel transition has accompanied economic growth in many cities. Empirical data to substantiate these generalizations are being gathered by researchers. We report on a recent survey of household energy use in the city of Hyderabad, India. The survey reveals that the underlying fuel transition is consistent with that in other developing-country cities. Government policy, however, has favored the rich, because of the inequities in fuel and equipment availability among income groups. We report the major findings of the survey in context of other data for India, and suggest policy changes to redress these inequities. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Energy & Environm Studies, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Alam, M (reprint author), Inst Energy & Environm Studies, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 9 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD SEP PY 1998 VL 26 IS 11 BP 885 EP 891 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(98)00008-1 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 140HM UT WOS:000077082000005 ER PT J AU Geist, DR Dauble, DD AF Geist, DR Dauble, DD TI Redd site selection and spawning habitat use by fall chinook salmon: The importance of geomorphic features in large rivers SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hyporheic zone; geomorphology; spawning habitat; large rivers; fall chinook salmon; habitat management ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVE; INTEGRATING HYDROLOGY; GROUNDWATER SEEPAGE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; FLOW; STREAMS; INCUBATION AB Knowledge of the three-dimensional connectivity between rivers and groundwater within the hyporheic zone can be used to improve the definition of fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning habitat. Information exists on the microhabitat characteristics that define suitable salmon spawning habitat. However, traditional spawning habitat models that use these characteristics to predict available spawning habitat are restricted because they can not account for the heterogeneous nature of rivers. We present a conceptual spawning habitat model for fall chinook salmon that describes how geomorphic features of river channels create hydraulic processes, including hyporheic flows, that influence where salmon spawn in unconstrained reaches of large mainstem alluvial rivers. Two case studies based on empirical data from fall chinook salmon spawning areas in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River are presented to illustrate important aspects of our conceptual model. We suggest that traditional habitat models and our conceptual model be combined to predict the limits of suitable fail chinook salmon spawning habitat. This approach can incorporate quantitative measures of river channel morphology, including general descriptors of geomorphic features at different spatial scales, in order to understand the processes influencing redd site selection and spawning habitat use. This information is needed in order to protect existing salmon spawning habitat in large rivers, as well as to recover habitat already lost. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Geist, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 999,MS K6-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 96 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 22 IS 5 BP 655 EP 669 DI 10.1007/s002679900137 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107FM UT WOS:000075196600002 ER PT J AU Dunham, GE Miller, SJ Chang, R Bergman, P AF Dunham, GE Miller, SJ Chang, R Bergman, P TI Mercury capture by an activated carbon in a fixed-bed bench-scale System SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB The control of mercury emissions for utility power plants may become important because of the Clean Air Act Amendments requirement that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assess the health risks associated with these emissions [1]. One approach for mercury removal, which may be relatively simple to retrofit (compared to other methods [2-4]), is the injection of sorbents, such as activated carbon, upstream of existing particulate control devices. A study, sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Depart ment of Energy (DOE), is being conducted at the University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) to develop a sorbent-screening test protocol, screen potential mercury sorbents in a bench-scale fixed-bed system and provide data to support efforts to model mercury capture mechanisms. A proper protocol is required to establish repeatability of the results and ensure reproducibility of results between different labs. To date, elemental mercury tests have been completed with several sorbents and under various flue gas conditions. The carbon-based sorbent used in this study was a lignite-based activated carbon (LAC), commercially available from American Norit Co., Inc. This paper presents results from the more recent tests with the LAC sorbent and elemental mercury. The LAC sorbent has also been used by others as a baseline sorbent [5-7]. C1 Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Dunham, GE (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, POB 9018, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD FAL PY 1998 VL 17 IS 3 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1002/ep.670170321 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137AH UT WOS:000076890900015 ER PT J AU Jacoby, WA Maness, PC Wolfrum, EJ Blake, DM Fennell, JA AF Jacoby, WA Maness, PC Wolfrum, EJ Blake, DM Fennell, JA TI Mineralization of bacterial cell mass on a photocatalytic surface in air SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDOOR AIR; DISINFECTION AB Whole cells deposited on a titanium dioxide-coated surface have been oxidized in air to carbon dioxide via photocatalysis. This paper provides the first evidence that the organic matter in whole cells can be completely oxidized. Three experimental techniques were employed to monitor this reaction: scanning electron microscopy, C-14 radioisotope labeling, and batch reactor measurements. The scanning electron microscopy experiments illustrate the disappearance of Escherichia coli cell mass. The C-14 radioisotope labeling experiments establish that the carbon content of E. coli is oxidized to form carbon dioxide with substantial closure of the mass balance. The batch reactor experiments corroborate the mass balance and provide a preliminary indication of the rate of the oxidation reaction. These results provide evidence that a photocatalytic surface used for disinfection can also be self-cleaning in an air-solid system. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jacoby, WA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, W2016 Engn Bldg E, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 13 TC 143 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 17 BP 2650 EP 2653 DI 10.1021/es980036f PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116KX UT WOS:000075724800043 ER PT J AU Cushey, MA Rubin, Y AF Cushey, MA Rubin, Y TI Response to comment on "Field scale transport of nonpolar organic solutes in 3-D heterogeneous aquifers" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; BORDEN AQUIFER; DIFFUSION; VARIABILITY; BEHAVIOR C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cushey, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 17 BP 2656 EP 2656 DI 10.1021/es982006i PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116KX UT WOS:000075724800045 ER PT J AU Jones, TD AF Jones, TD TI On 'toxicity equivalent factors' and 'relative potency' to account for differential toxicity and carcinogenicity: Concerns about uncommon effects of dose in animal experiments and environmental exposures to humans SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE mixtures; LD-50; Finney mean; harmonic mean; toxicity equivalent factors; relative potency ID HAZARD EVALUATION; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; BIOASSAYS; HEALTH; WATER AB A number of historical experiments have been conducted to determine whether mixtures of chemical compounds can be treated as if their ingredients act by joint toxicological mechanisms. For mixtures comprised of pairs and combinations of 42 different organic compounds, the LD50 or LC50 could be predicted accurately from the Finney harmonic-mean concept which defines joint toxicity as a potency-adjusted concept in which one compound can be substituted for another. This analysis revisits data from those classic experiments that serve as the basis for Threshold Limit Value (TLV) applications to mixtures, to determine whether the potency-adjustment can be based on comparisons of bioassay data as published in the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances instead of requiring the LD50 (or LC50) for each ingredient as used by the Finney model. This study has found that the toxicity of a mixture can be predicted accurately from a variety of bioassay data for each component of the mix and an LD50 (or LC50) for only one ingredient of the mixture. Finally, concerns are described about transforming high-dose data from laboratory experiments to low-dose human environmental exposures. (C) 1998 John Wiley Be Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Biochem & Biophys Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, TD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Biochem & Biophys Sect, Bldg 4500-S,MS 6101,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 9 IS 5 BP 525 EP 539 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-095X(199809/10)9:5<525::AID-ENV321>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 125CR UT WOS:000076220300005 ER PT J AU Salzberg, S Hyman, T Turm, H Kinar, Y Schartz, Y Nir, U Lejbkowicz, F Huberman, E AF Salzberg, S Hyman, T Turm, H Kinar, Y Schartz, Y Nir, U Lejbkowicz, F Huberman, E TI Ectopic expression of 2-5A synthetase in myeloid cells induces growth arrest and facilitates the appearance of a myeloid differentiation marker SO EUROPEAN CYTOKINE NETWORK LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Ramat Gan, Israel. Rambam Med Ctr, Haifa, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 1148-5493 J9 EUR CYTOKINE NETW JI Eur. Cytokine Netw. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 9 IS 3 MA 27 BP 325 EP 325 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 136CD UT WOS:000076839700067 ER PT J AU Lee, YS Greven, M Wells, BO Birgeneau, RJ Shirane, G AF Lee, YS Greven, M Wells, BO Birgeneau, RJ Shirane, G TI Spin correlations in the two-dimensional spin-5/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet Rb2MnF4 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID SQUARE-LATTICE ANTIFERROMAGNET; 2-DIMENSIONAL ANTIFERROMAGNETS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; LOW-TEMPERATURES; MONTE-CARLO; DYNAMICS; THERMODYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS; SR2CUO2CL2 AB We report a neutron scattering study of the instantaneous spin correlations in the two-dimensional spin S = 5/2 square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet Rb2MnF4. The measured correlation lengths are quantitatively described, with no adjustable parameters, by high-temperature series expansion results and by a theory based on the quantum self-consistent harmonic approximation. Conversely, we find that the data, which cover the range from about 1 to 50 lattice constants, are outside of the regime corresponding to renormalized classical behavior of the quantum non-linear a model. In addition, we observe a crossover from Heisenberg to Ising critical behavior near the Neel temperature; this crossover is well described by a mean-field model with no adjustable parameters. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, YS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD SEP PY 1998 VL 5 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s100510050413 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 131HP UT WOS:000076570400003 ER PT J AU Allgower, CE Ball, J Barabash, LS Beddo, M Bedfer, Y Boutefnouchet, A Bystricky, J Chamouard, PA Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Ghazikhanian, V Grosnick, D Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Kazarinov, YM Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lechanoine-LeLuc, C Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D de Mali, M Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Whitten, CA Zhdanov, AA AF Allgower, CE Ball, J Barabash, LS Beddo, M Bedfer, Y Boutefnouchet, A Bystricky, J Chamouard, PA Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Ghazikhanian, V Grosnick, D Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Kazarinov, YM Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lechanoine-LeLuc, C Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D de Mali, M Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Whitten, CA Zhdanov, AA TI pp elastic scattering polarization transfer K-onno and depolarization D-onon between 1.94 and 2.80 GeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID C ANALYZING POWER; PROTON-PROTON SCATTERING; POLARIMETER POMME; CROSS-SECTIONS; SATURNE-II; PARAMETERS; ENERGIES; CALIBRATION; D0N0N; K0NN0 AB A polarized proton beam extracted from SATURNE II and the Saclay polarized proton target were used to measure the rescattering observables K-onno and D-onon at 26 energies from 1.94 to 2.80 GeV and at 0.80 GeV. The beam and target polarizations were oriented vertically and left-right as well as up-down asymmetries in the second scattering on carbon were measured. The present data, obtained in small energy steps, are practically constant as a function of energy at 90 degrees CM, where K-onno = D-onon. These data will bring about important modification to phase shifts and stabilize the solutions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Saturne Lab, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab Nucl Problems, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. RP Allgower, CE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD SEP PY 1998 VL 5 IS 3 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1007/s100529800971 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 128EH UT WOS:000076392400005 ER PT J AU Capobianchi, M Irvine, TF Tutu, NK Greene, GA AF Capobianchi, M Irvine, TF Tutu, NK Greene, GA TI A new technique for measuring the Fickian diffusion coefficient in binary liquid solutions SO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diffusion coefficient; decaying pulse technique; diffusion mass transfer; mass transport property measurement AB The present study details the development of a new technique for measuring the Fickian diffusion coefficient in binary liquid solutions, and reports the coefficients obtained using this new technique for two electrolytic systems. The new method, called the decaying pulse technique, takes advantage of the behavior of a semi-infinite system exposed to a transient concentration pulse. The method permits simple, direct, and absolute determination of the diffusion coefficient, and requires measurement of only time and distance. It is applicable to many different types of fluid pairs, and requires no knowledge of solution properties. The decaying pulse technique was used to measure the average diffusion coefficient of potassium chloride in water and sodium chloride in water, at 18.5, 25.0, and 30.0 degrees C. The current experimental results were compared to those from other published investigations, and were generally found to agree within the predicted uncertainty of the current measurements +/-7.6%. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Capobianchi, M (reprint author), Gonzaga Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 502 E Boone Ave, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0894-1777 J9 EXP THERM FLUID SCI JI Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 33 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0894-1777(98)10006-7 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA 110UR UT WOS:000075399600004 ER PT J AU Prausnitz, JM AF Prausnitz, JM TI Not macro, not micro, but meso: Three coarse-grained methods for thermodynamic properties of partially structured fluids SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 1997 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Standing Comm Thermophys Properties, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE macroscopic thermodynamics; mesothermodynamics; partially structured fluids ID RANDOM HETEROPOLYMERS; ADSORPTION; PHASES AB Macroscopic thermodynamics (e.g., classical equations of state) cannot provide an adequate description of the equilibrium properties of complex fluids or of simple fluids under near-microscopic constraints; such fluids have partial structure. Microscopic thermodynamics, through atomistic-level theory or simulations, can give such a description in principle, but the required calculations are often excessive and the required detailed atomic information may not be available. Mesothermodynamics provides an intermediate method by describing fluids on a scale that reflects the fluid's significant (but not detailed) properties as determined by whatever is responsible for partial structure. Mesothermodynamics is not new but has made remarkable progress. To introduce its achievements to a wide audience, three examples are presented: phase transitions in a diblock copolymer; liquid-liquid equilibria in a binary mixture confined within a narrow pore; and pattern recognition by adsorption of a statistically-characterized heteropolymer on a statistically-characterized surface. Each example uses a somewhat different method: Landau expansion, density-functional theory and field theory. All three examples show that mesothermodynamics can yield analytic results for the phase behavior of partially-structured fluids. Mesothermodynamics provides a powerful tool for development of new materials and for calculating thermodynamic properties of fluids under geometric constraints such as interfaces. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 150 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(98)00379-3 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 134LV UT WOS:000076745300002 ER PT J AU Kofke, DA Cummings, PT AF Kofke, DA Cummings, PT TI Precision and accuracy of staged free-energy perturbation methods for computing the chemical potential by molecular simulation SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 1997 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Standing Comm Thermophys Properties, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE chemical potential; method of calculation; molecular simulation ID DYNAMICS SIMULATION; FLUID AB We examine the performance of free-energy perturbation methods when applied to compute the chemical potential of the Lennard-Jones model by Monte Carlo simulation. We emphasize the accuracy and precision of various implementations of the methodology, particularly in the context of the relative effectiveness of 'insertion' vs. 'deletion' approaches. The study is limited to a single state point and system size. In accord with recent arguments made in the context of the hard-sphere model, we find that any single- or multi-stage approach that incorporates a 'deletion' component shows greatly diminished accuracy and precision when compared to its 'insertion' counterpart. We also confirm our earlier conjecture that the entropy rather than the free energy is the important quantity to examine when formulating optimal multistage free-energy perturbation schemes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kofke, DA (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM kofke@eng.buffalo.edu RI Kofke, David/E-8102-2011; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Kofke, David/0000-0002-2530-8816; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 15 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 150 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(98)00274-X PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 134LV UT WOS:000076745300005 ER PT J AU Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT AF Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT TI Simple transferable intermolecular potential for the molecular simulation of water over wide ranges of state conditions SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 1997 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Standing Comm Thermophys Properties, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE water model; polarizability; supercritical; neutron scattering; molecular simulation ID LIQUID WATER; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; TEMPERATURES; PHASE; MODEL AB We discuss new developments in our polarizable water model consisting of smeared charges and a self-consistent point dipole polarizability, and compare the structural and polarization results at ambient and a supercritical conditions with those obtained previously with the corresponding simple point charges counterpart. We discuss the outcome of this comparison and make contact with the structural data from neutron scattering with isotopic substitution. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chialvo, AA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, 419 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 30 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 150 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(98)00277-5 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 134LV UT WOS:000076745300008 ER PT J AU Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT Simonson, JM Mesmer, RE AF Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT Simonson, JM Mesmer, RE TI Thermodynamics and kinetics of ion speciation in supercritical aqueous solutions: a molecular-based study SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 1997 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Standing Comm Thermophys Properties, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE ion speciation; supercritical solutions; polarization effects; ion solvation; mean-force potential; water models ID MEAN FORCE; WATER; DYNAMICS; PAIR; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; SOLVENT AB Molecular simulation of infinitely dilute NaCl aqueous solutions are performed to study the Na+/Cl- ion pairing in a polarizable and a non-polarizable solvent at supercritical conditions. The simple point charge (SPC), the Pettitt-Rossky and the Fumi-Tosi models for the water-water the ion-water, and the ion-ion interactions are used in the determination of the degree of dissociation, its temperature and density dependence, and the kinetics of the interconversion between ion-pair configurations in a non-polarizable medium. To assess the effect of the solvent polarizability on the stability of the ion-pair configurations we replace the SPC by the polarizable point charge (PPC) water model and determine the anion-cation potential of mean force at T-r=1.20 at rho(r)=1.5. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chialvo, AA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, 419 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 150 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(98)00281-7 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 134LV UT WOS:000076745300012 ER PT J AU Gupta, SA Cochran, HD Cummings, PT AF Gupta, SA Cochran, HD Cummings, PT TI Nanorheology of liquid alkanes SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 1997 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Standing Comm Thermophys Properties, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE molecular simulation; rheology; molecular dynamics; alkanes ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CONFINED FILMS; SHEAR; TIME; SLIP; SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR; DECANE; STICK AB We report molecular dynamics simulations of liquid alkanes, squalane and tetracosane, confined between moving walls to which butane chains are tethered, effectively screening the details of the wall. As in an experiment, heat is removed by thermostatting the tethered molecules. Results obtained at high strain rates, typical of practical applications, suggest little or no difference between the bulk rheology and confined flow, and the occurrence of a high degree of slip at the wall-fluid interface at the conditions studied. At relatively low velocities and high densities, the tetracosane conformation becomes fully-extended at certain wall spacings. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cummings, PT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 150 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(98)00283-0 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 134LV UT WOS:000076745300014 ER PT J AU Borzsak, I Cummings, PT AF Borzsak, I Cummings, PT TI Effect of oscillatory shear on the fluid-solid phase transition of supercooled water SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 1997 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Standing Comm Thermophys Properties, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE molecular dynamics; water; model; molecular simulation; solid-fluid equilibria ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; LIQUID WATER; ICE AB The present study aims at the methodological improvement of the electrofreezing of supercooled water by applying oscillatory shear along with a homogeneous electric field in non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of simple water models (such as TIP4P and SPC/E). The application of a planar Couette flow field accounts for a moderate speedup in the phase transition. Since the system goes through a nonergodic glassy state in the course of the process, it is not surprising that a macroscopic manifestation of the Lyapunov instability inherent in the equations of motion is observed. The formation of a conjectured high-density ice polymorph (ice XII) has been studied in terms of the applied electric and oscillatory flow fields. The threshold value of the electric field for the crystallization has been determined. The method of applying the oscillatory flow field was also investigated in detail. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Borzsak, I (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, 419 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 150 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(98)00285-4 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 134LV UT WOS:000076745300016 ER PT J AU Paddison, SJ Pratt, LR Zawodzinski, T Reagor, DW AF Paddison, SJ Pratt, LR Zawodzinski, T Reagor, DW TI Molecular modeling of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid for solvation theory SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 1997 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Standing Comm Thermophys Properties, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE chemical equilibrium; electric conductivity; hydration; Nafion (R); solvation theory; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid ID FREE-ENERGY; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; DIELECTRIC MODEL; WATER; CONTINUUM; MECHANICS; DENSITY; SOLVENT AB Reported here are theoretical calculations on the trifluoromethanesulfonic (triflic) acid with and without an additional water molecule, establishing molecular scale information necessary to molecular modeling of the structure, thermodynamics, and ionic transport of Nafion(R) membranes. The optimized geometry determined for the isolated triflic acid molecule, obtained from ab initio molecular orbital calculations, agrees with previous studies. In order to characterize side chain flexibility and accessibility of the acid proton, potential energy and free energy surfaces for rotation about both carbon-sulfur and sulfur-oxygen(hydroxyl) bonds are presented. A continuum dielectric solvation model is used to obtain free energies of electrostatic interaction with the solvent. Electrostatic solvation is predicted to reduce the free energy barrier to rotation about the F3C-SO3 bond from 3.5 kcal/mol to about 2.7 kcal/mol. This electrostatic effect is associated with slight additional polarization of the CF bond in the eclipsed conformation. The energetic barrier to rotation of the acid hydroxyl group away from the sulfonic acid oxygen plane, out into the solvent is substantially flattened by electrostatic solvation effects. The maximum free energy for those solvent accessible proton conformations is about 1.0 kcal/mol. We carried out additional ab initio electronic structure calculations with a probe water molecule interacting with the triflic acid. The minimum energy structures found here for the triflic acid molecule with the probe water revise results reported previously. To investigate the reaction path for abstraction of a proton from triflic acid, we found minimum energy structures and energies for isolated molecular fragments, and solvation free energies for: (a) a docked configuration of triflate anion and hydronium cation and (b) a transition state for proton interchange between triflic acid and a water molecule. Those configurations are structurally similar but energetically substantially different. The activation free energy for that proton interchange is predicted to be 4.7 kcal/mol above the reaction end-points. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paddison, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012; Paddison, Stephen/B-2935-2014 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451; NR 36 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 150 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(98)00323-9 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 134LV UT WOS:000076745300026 ER PT J AU Szydlowski, J Rebelo, LP Wilczura, H Van Hook, WA Melnichenko, Y Wignall, GD AF Szydlowski, J Rebelo, LP Wilczura, H Van Hook, WA Melnichenko, Y Wignall, GD TI Liquid-liquid demixing from polystyrene solutions. Studies on temperature and pressure dependences using dynamic light scattering and neutron scattering SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 1997 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Standing Comm Thermophys Properties, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE dynamic light scattering; liquid-liquid equilibria; small angle neutron scattering; critical state; pressure coefficient; critical isopleth ID POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; ISOTOPE; EQUILIBRIA AB Phase diagrams in the vicinity of liquid-liquid demixing for polystyrene/solvent systems have been determined as functions of polymer molecular weight, polydispersity, pressure, temperature, solvent quality, and isotope substitution. The diagrams show upper and lower consolute branches and associated critical and hypercritical loci. In this paper we present preliminary results from some studies of demixing along a near-critical isopleth using laser light scattering and photon correlation techniques (dynamic light scattering, DLS), and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Van Hook, WA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Rebelo, Luis Paulo/B-5285-2008; OI Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244; Rebelo, Luis Paulo/0000-0002-5247-2443 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 150 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(98)00348-3 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 134LV UT WOS:000076745300073 ER PT J AU Osman, D Newitt, D Gies, A Budinger, T Truong, VH Majumdar, S Kinney, J AF Osman, D Newitt, D Gies, A Budinger, T Truong, VH Majumdar, S Kinney, J TI Fractal based image analysis of human trabecular bone using the box counting algorithm: Impact of resolution and relationship to standard measures of trabecular bone structure SO FRACTALS-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL ON THE COMPLEX GEOMETRY OF NATURE LA English DT Article ID VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURES; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; ARCHITECTURE; DIMENSION; MACRORADIOGRAPHS; PATHOGENESIS; PHYSIOLOGY; PREVENTION; SIGNATURE AB An image texture measure based on the box counting algorithm is evaluated for its potential to characterize human trabecular bone structure in medical images. Although bone images lack the self-similarity of theoretical fractals, bone images are candidates for characterization using fractal analysis because of their highly complex structure. The fractal based measure, herein called the box counting dimension (BCD), is an effective dimension: and does not imply an underlying fractal geometry. The importance of resolution in quantifying bone characteristics using the BCD is addressed. The relationship of BCD to standard measures of trabecular bone structure is also analyzed. To evaluate the variability of the BCD with change in resolution, the BCD is determined for two sections from each of seven 3D X-ray Tomographic Microscopy (XTM) images of human radius bone specimens, while the resolution is varied using lowpass filtering. An automated method of choosing the range of scales for the fractal analysis curve regression is used. The relationship of BCD to trabecular bone width and spacing is analyzed both for the XTM images and for simulated images representing idealized structures. The range of BCD values is 1.21-1.54. Variation in BCD over a range of resolutions is found to be small compared to the variation in BCD between different bone specimens. Maximum change in BCD over a large range of resolutions (17.60-176 microns per pixel) is 0.08. BCD decreases as space between trabeculae increases. Fractal based texture measures may potentially allow clinical monitoring of changes in bone structure - for example, using Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 150-200 micron resolution. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, Magnet Resonance Sci Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Osman, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, Magnet Resonance Sci Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0218-348X J9 FRACTALS JI Fractals-Interdiscip. J. Complex Geom. Nat. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 6 IS 3 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1142/S0218348X98000328 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125WT UT WOS:000076260600009 ER PT J AU Bartels, HW Poucet, A Cambi, G Gordon, C Gaeta, M Gulden, W Honda, T Iseli, M Jahn, H Koonce, J Kveton, O Merrill, B Mitchell, N Moore, RL Petti, D Polkinghorne, S Porfiri, MT Raeder, J Saji, G Stubbe, E Piet, SJ Topilski, L Uckan, N VanHove, W AF Bartels, HW Poucet, A Cambi, G Gordon, C Gaeta, M Gulden, W Honda, T Iseli, M Jahn, H Koonce, J Kveton, O Merrill, B Mitchell, N Moore, RL Petti, D Polkinghorne, S Porfiri, MT Raeder, J Saji, G Stubbe, E Piet, SJ Topilski, L Uckan, N VanHove, W TI ITER reference accidents SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB Reference accidents are selected to envelope possible accident sequences to confirm the adequacy of ITER's safety design. Analyses of ITER reference accidents were carried out starting from postulated initiating events (PIE) to all consequential failures including environmental releases, if any. In case of plasma control malfunctioning, up to 3.3 GW of fusion power can be reached transiently, however, no radiological consequence is expected from those transients. Assuming multiple first wall pipe failures, the pressure suppression system limits the maximum pressure within the vacuum vessel to below 0.5 MPa. Long-term decay heat removal is assured by the vacuum vessel cooling system operating in natural circulation. In case of ex-vessel coolant loss with continued plasma burn, the plasma facing components can potentially reach large temperatures. This is avoided by the fusion power shutdown system that terminates plasma burn. A small in-vessel coolant leak with failure of one vacuum vessel penetration line and several confinement options are investigated to show compliance with release limits. Failures in the magnet system are analyzed and their impact on other systems such as damage to neighboring confinement barriers are investigated by postulating air, water and helium ingress into the cryostat. Failures in the tritium plant are analyzed to demonstrate the adequacy of confinement. Radioactive releases for all reference accidents are shown to be well below conservatively defined design guidelines. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 ITER, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Net Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan. GRS, Garching, Germany. ENEA, Frascati, Italy. Belgatom Nucl Engn & Consulting Serv, Brussels, Belgium. ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bartels, HW (reprint author), ITER, San Diego Joint Work Site,11025 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM bartelk@iterus.org NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 42 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00148-8 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 136BZ UT WOS:000076839200003 ER PT J AU Piet, SJ Topilski, LN Bartels, HW Poucet, AE Petti, DA AF Piet, SJ Topilski, LN Bartels, HW Poucet, AE Petti, DA TI ITER inherent/passive ultimate safety margins SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB The self-limiting nature of the fusion reaction, modest mobilizable radioactive inventories, multiple confinement layers, and passive decay heat removal, suggest that ITER will be 'safe' with little dependence on engineered 'safety systems' for public protection. To assess ITER's ultimate safety margins, key safety input parameters are varied to study the impact of safety function degradation beyond those explicitly considered in the design process. Typically, the safety consequences from safety function degradation are linear or less than linear, and thus the functions degrade gradually. There are no fusion nuclear process or plasma transients that give safety-related growing non-linearities. Removal of fusion decay heat is robust with multiple processes available: the ultimate being passive natural circulation of the vacuum vessel coolant and gas convection in the cryostat. Using the IAEA dose criterion, the no-evacuation objective is met. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. ITER, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. US HT, INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Piet, SJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 42 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00149-X PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 136BZ UT WOS:000076839200004 ER PT J AU McCarthy, KA Petti, DA Carmack, WJ Smolik, GR AF McCarthy, KA Petti, DA Carmack, WJ Smolik, GR TI The safety implications of tokamak dust size and surface area SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB Tokamak dust, accumulated primarily from sputtering and disruptions, has important safety issues associated with it. The dust may contain tritium, it may be activated, and may be chemically toxic, and chemically reactive. The size of the dust and the surface area are important parameters in determining potential hydrogen production and transport of activated/chemically toxic dust. In this paper we examine the effect of the size distribution of the dust on these safety issues. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McCarthy, KA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 42 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00295-6 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 136BZ UT WOS:000076839200007 ER PT J AU Honda, T Bartels, HW Uckan, NA Seki, Y Okazaki, T AF Honda, T Bartels, HW Uckan, NA Seki, Y Okazaki, T TI Safety approach for plasma anomaly events in fusion reactor: Code development and assessments SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB A safety assessment method for plasma transients, including thermal response of in-vessel components, was provided. We developed a plasma physics model for safety analysis which has been implemented in a safety analysis code (SAFALY). The SAFALY code consists of a zero-dimensional plasma dynamics model and a 1.5-dimensional thermal behavior model of in-vessel components in the thickness direction. The code can treat hydraulic accidents using the results from a hydraulic code and analyze a passive plasma shutdown due to the impurity release from the wall. The abnormal events in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) calculated here are: (i) loss of plasma control, and (ii) large ex-vessel loss of coolant accident (LOCA) in the first wall and large ex-vessel LOCA in the divertor. The plasma transient and thermal response of in-vessel components in such events have been assessed using the code. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi Res Lab, Hitachi, Ibaraki 31912, Japan. ITER, Joint Cent Team, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. RP Honda, T (reprint author), Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi Res Lab, 1-1 Omika Cho,7 Chome, Hitachi, Ibaraki 31912, Japan. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 42 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00092-1 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 136BZ UT WOS:000076839200015 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Kugel, HW Ascione, G AF Kumar, A Kugel, HW Ascione, G TI Activation experiments at TFTR in deuterium-tritium neutron field SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID ITER AB Samples of materials, of relevance to ITER and DEMO reactors, have been irradiated at TFTR in a mixed D-T and D-D neutron field over the past 3 years. The samples have been placed at various locations close to, and around, the TFTR vacuum vessel to obtain the impact of the variation of neutron energy spectrum on induced radioactivity. Intermediate measurements of decay gamma-ray activity of a number of radiated samples have contributed to an experimental database of saturation activities for aluminum, silicon, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, indium, silver, europium, terbium, hafnium, tungsten, rhenium, gold, 316 stainless steel, a vanadium-chromium-titanium alloy, a manganese-copper alloy, inconel 625, and inconel 718. New activity data for samples irradiated in TFTR irradiation-end 3 (external) are presented. Data for V-9Cr-5Ti alloy, inconel 718 alloy, and inconel 625 alloy are being reported for the first time. These measurements offer an invaluable opportunity for bench-marking of three-dimensional calculations of fusion neutron transport and activation for application to the design and regulatory licensing of large complex fusion reactors, such as ITER. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 42 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00133-1 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 136BZ UT WOS:000076839200042 ER PT J AU Burgess, T Haange, R Hager, R Hattori, Y Herndon, J Holloway, C Maisonnier, D Martin, E Matsuhira, N Shibanuma, K Sironi, M Tada, E Tesini, A AF Burgess, T Haange, R Hager, R Hattori, Y Herndon, J Holloway, C Maisonnier, D Martin, E Matsuhira, N Shibanuma, K Sironi, M Tada, E Tesini, A TI Remote maintenance of in-vessel components for ITER SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB ITER in-vessel components must be remotely maintained due to neutron activation. Components that require maintenance include the blanket shield modules, divertor cassettes and ancillary systems mounted in the vacuum vessel (VV) ports. Maintenance is predominantly accomplished by component removal and transfer to the hot cell facility for repair or waste processing. Component transfer between the VV and the hot cell is performed in sealed casks that dock to the VV ports. An overview of the in-vessel remote maintenance requirements, techniques and equipment is presented. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Naka JWS, ITER Joint Cent Team, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ITER US Home Team, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, ITER Joint Cent Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. San Diego JWS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, ITER Japan Home Team, Toki, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Burgess, T (reprint author), Naka JWS, ITER Joint Cent Team, 801-1 Mukouyama, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 42 BP 455 EP 461 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00296-8 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 136BZ UT WOS:000076839200060 ER PT J AU Spampinato, PT Barry, RE Chesser, JB Herndon, JN Menon, MM Slotwinski, A Dagher, MA Yuen, JL AF Spampinato, PT Barry, RE Chesser, JB Herndon, JN Menon, MM Slotwinski, A Dagher, MA Yuen, JL TI A laser metrology viewing system for ITER in-vessel inspection SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB This paper identifies the requirements for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor metrology and viewing system, and describes a remotely operated precision surface mapping system. A metrology system capable of achieving sub-millimeter accuracy must operate in a reactor vessel that has high gamma radiation, high vacuum, elevated temperature, and magnetic field. A coherent, frequency modulated laser radar system is under development to meet these requirements. The metrology/viewing sensor consists of a compact laser optics module linked through fiber optics to the laser source and imaging units, located outside the harsh environment. The deployment mechanism is a remotely operated telescopic-mast. Gamma irradiation to 10(7) Gy was conducted on critical sensor components at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, with no significant impact to data transmission, and analysis indicates that critical sensor components can operate in a magnetic field with certain design modifications. Plans for testing key components in a magnetic field are underway. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Coleman Res Corp, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Rocketdyne, Boeing Div, Canoga Pk, CA 91309 USA. RP Spampinato, PT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 7601,Mail Stop 6304,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 42 BP 493 EP 499 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00134-3 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 136BZ UT WOS:000076839200064 ER PT J AU Meier, WR Moir, RW Abdou, LA AF Meier, WR Moir, RW Abdou, LA TI Chamber technology concepts for inertial fusion energy - three recent examples SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID REACTOR; DESIGN AB The most serious challenges in the design of chambers for inertial fusion energy (IFE) are: (1) protecting the first wall from fusion energy pulses on the order of several hundred megajoules released in the form of X-rays, target debris, and high energy neutrons; and (2) operating the chamber at a pulse repetition rate of 5-10 Hz (i.e. re-establishing the wall protection and chamber conditions needed for beam propagation to the target between pulses). In meeting these challenges, designers have capitalized on the ability to separate the fusion burn physics from the geometry and environment of the fusion chamber. Most recent conceptual designs use gases or flowing liquids inside the chamber. Thin liquid layers of molten salt or metal and low pressure, high-Z gases can protect the first wall from X-rays and target debris, while thick liquid layers have the added benefit of protecting structures from fusion neutrons thereby significantly reducing the radiation damage and activation. The use of thick liquid walls is predicted to: (1) reduce the cost of electricity by avoiding the cost and down lime of changing damaged structures; and (2) reduce the cost of development by avoiding the cost of developing a new, low-activation material. Various schemes have been proposed to assure chamber clearing and renewal of the protective features at the required pulse rate. Representative chamber concepts are described, and key technical feasibility issues are identified for each class of chamber. Experimental activities (past, current and proposed) to address these issues and technology research and development needs are discussed. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 42 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00132-4 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 136BZ UT WOS:000076839200068 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Chung, HM Matsui, H Rowcliffe, AF AF Smith, DL Chung, HM Matsui, H Rowcliffe, AF TI Progress in vanadium alloy development for fusion applications SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID BLANKET AB Vanadium alloys have been identified as a leading candidate low-activation structural material for fusion first-wall blanket applications. Candidate vanadium alloys exhibit favorable safety and environmental characteristics, good fabricability, high temperature and heat load capability, good compatibility with liquid metals and resistance to irradiation damage. The focus of the vanadium alloy development program has been on the vanadium-chromium-titanium (0-15%Cr, 1-20%Ti) alloy system. Investigations include effects of minor alloy elements such as Si, Al and Y and substitution of iron for chromium in the ternary alloy. A V-4Cr-4Ti alloy is currently regarded as the reference alloy. Significant progress has been made in the development of vanadium alloys for fusion applications. Two production-scale heats (500 and 1200 kg) of the V-4Cr-4Ti alloys have been produced with controlled levels of impurities. The baseline properties of the 500 kg heat are similar to those of the previous laboratory-scale heats. Additional data have been obtained on baseline tensile and fracture properties. Results obtained on several heats with minor variations in composition indicate high uniform and total elongation of these alloys at temperature from RT to 700 degrees C. Results obtained to date indicate that the V-Cr-Ti alloys are resistant to swelling and embrittlement after exposure to relatively high neutron fluences at temperatures of 400-600 degrees C. The properties are not significantly different when modest amounts of helium are generated during neutron irradiation by the dynamic helium charging experiment method. However, recent results have indicated that these alloys are susceptible to irradiation embrittlement at lower temperatures. Additional irradiation experiments are in progress to investigate these effects at temperatures of 200-400 degrees C. This paper presents an update on the experimental results on candidate low activation vanadium alloys. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 46 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00139-7 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134NG UT WOS:000076749000002 ER PT J AU Jones, RH Snead, LL Kohyama, A Fenici, P AF Jones, RH Snead, LL Kohyama, A Fenici, P TI Recent advances in the development of SiC/SiC as a fusion structural material SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID SILICON-CARBIDE; NICALON FIBERS AB Silicon carbide composites are attractive for structural applications in fusion energy systems because of their low activation and afterheat characteristics coupled with their excellent high-temperature properties. These new materials will require optimization of their hermeticity, thermal conductivity, radiation stability, chemical compatibility with fusion relevant environments, and joining methodology before they can be utilized effectively in a fusion energy system. Recent advances have been demonstrated for advanced SiC fibers and fiber/matrix interfaces. Improved creep resistance and radiation stability have been demonstrated for Hi-Nicalon, Nicalon-S and DOW/Corning Sylramic fibers. Advanced fiber/matrix interfaces made with porous SiC and multi-layer SiC/C/SiC are being developed to minimize the presence of C in the interface for improved radiation and chemical stability of the composite materials. There have also been advances in evaluating He effects in SiC/SiC composites, the effects of Al-26 on activation of SiC and joining methodology for SiC/SiC composites. These advances continue to support the promise of these advanced composite materials for fusion energy applications. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyoto Univ, Uji 611, Japan. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Jones, RH (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00285-3 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134NG UT WOS:000076749000003 ER PT J AU Majumdar, S Smith, P AF Majumdar, S Smith, P TI Treatment of irradiation effects in structural design criteria for fusion reactors SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB From the standpoint of design criteria for fusion reactors, the most significant issues stem from the irradiation-induced changes in material properties, specifically the reduction of ductility, strain hardening capability, and fracture toughness with neutron irradiation. Recently, Draft 5 of the interim ITER structural design criteria (ISDC), which provide new rules for guarding against such problems, was released for trial use by the ITER designers. To account for irradiation effects under monotonic loading, the ISDC contains several new rules which provide primary and secondary stress limits as functions of uniform elongation and ductility. These new rules were derived from a simple model based on the concept of an elastic follow up factor which has been used extensively by the Japanese and French designers for analyzing creep-fatigue problems in fission reactors. Detailed analytical and finite-element analyses were conducted and the results were compared with available test data to determine the limitation of the rules as they relate to the loss of a material's ductility and strain hardening capability. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ITER Joint Cent Team, San Diego Joint Work Site, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Majumdar, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00142-7 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134NG UT WOS:000076749000004 ER PT J AU Roux, N Tanaka, S Johnson, C Verrall, R AF Roux, N Tanaka, S Johnson, C Verrall, R TI Ceramic breeder material development SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID LITHIUM-OXIDE AB Lithium-based ceramics have long been recognized as promising tritium-breeding materials for fusion reactor blankets. In particular, their high thermal stability and chemical inertness are favorable safety characteristics. The most important qualification for a candidate ceramic breeder material is most likely, the ability to withstand the rigors of long-term irradiation at high temperature and under large temperature gradients. As a group, the lithium-based ceramics have shown good irradiation behaviour and excellent tritium release characteristics. Individual materials performance will depend upon the actual application, namely, pebble bed versus pellet concept, higher versus lower cooling temperature, etc. Recently Li2ZrO3 and Li2TiO3 were selected as the breeder material for the ITER breeding blanket due to their excellent tritium release behaviour at low temperature. Issues being addressed in support of current blanket design studies will be highlighted. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, DTA,EREM, CE2M,LECMA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Tokyo, Dept Quantum Engn & Syst Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River Labs, Fuel & Fuel Cycle Div, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Roux, N (reprint author), Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, DTA,EREM, CE2M,LECMA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 33 TC 55 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00140-3 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134NG UT WOS:000076749000005 ER PT J AU Odegard, BC Cadden, CH Yang, NYC AF Odegard, BC Cadden, CH Yang, NYC TI Beryllium-copper reactivity in an ITER joining environment SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB Beryllium-copper reactivity was studied using test parameters being considered for use in the ITER reactor. In this application, beryllium-copper tiles are produced using a low-temperature copper-copper diffusion bonding technique. Beryllium is joined to copper by first plating the beryllium with copper followed by diffusion bonding the electrodeposited (ED) copper to a wrought copper alloy (CuNiBe) at 450 degrees C, 1-3 h using a hot isostatic press (HIP). In this bonded assembly, beryllium is the armor material and the CuNiBe alloy is the heat sink material. Interface temperatures in service are not expected to exceed 350 degrees C. For this study, an ED copper-beryllium interface was subjected to diffusion bonding temperatures and times to study the reaction products. Beryllium-copper assemblies were subjected to 350, 450 and 550 degrees C for times up to 200 h. Both BeCu and Be2Cu intermetallic phases were detected using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative microprobe analysis. Growth rates were determined experimentally for each phase and activation energies for formation were calculated. The activation energies were 66 mol and 62 kJ mol(-1) for the BeCu and Be2Cu, respectively. Tensile bars were produced from assemblies consisting of coated beryllium (both sides) sandwiched between two blocks of Hycon-3. Tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of these intermetallics on the bond strength. Failure occurred at the beryllium-copper interface at fracture strengths greater than 300 MPa for the room-temperature tests. At 300 degrees C, the fracture strength was decreased significantly and, in contrast to the room-temperature tests, the fracture initiated in the copper-copper bond. The change in fracture initiation is attributed to a decrease in the residual stresses at the beryllium-copper interface at the higher temperatures and a decrease in the intrinsic fracture strength of the ED copper. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Odegard, BC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00089-1 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134NG UT WOS:000076749000009 ER PT J AU Koizumi, K Nakahira, M Itou, Y Tada, E Johnson, G Ioki, K Elio, F Iizuka, T Sannazzaro, G Takahashi, K Utin, Y Onozuka, M Nelson, B Vallone, C Kuzmin, E AF Koizumi, K Nakahira, M Itou, Y Tada, E Johnson, G Ioki, K Elio, F Iizuka, T Sannazzaro, G Takahashi, K Utin, Y Onozuka, M Nelson, B Vallone, C Kuzmin, E TI Design and development of the ITER vacuum vessel SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB In ITER, the vacuum vessel (VV) is designed to be a water cooled, double-walled toroidal structure made of 316LN stainless steel with a D-shaped cross section approximately 9 m wide and 15 m high. The design work which began at the beginning of the ITER-EDA is nearing completion by resolving the technical issues. In parallel with the design activities,the R&D program, Full-scale VV Sector Model Project, was initiated in 1995 to resolve the design and fabrication issues. The full-scale sector model corresponds to an 18 degrees sector (9 degrees sub-sector x 2) and is being fabricated on schedule. To date, 60% of the fabrication had been completed. The fabrication of full-scale model including sector-to-sector connection will be completed by the end of 1997 and performance tests are scheduled until the end of ITER-EDA. This paper describes the latest status of,the ITER VV design and the Full-scale Sector Model Project. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, JA Home Team, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. ITER Joint Cent Team, Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Home Team, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Efremov Inst, RF Home Team, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Koizumi, K (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, JA Home Team, 801 Naka Machi, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00143-9 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134NG UT WOS:000076749000042 ER PT J AU Sagara, A Motojima, O Imagawa, S Mitarai, O Noda, T Uda, T Watanabe, K Yamanishi, H Chikaraishi, H Kohyama, A Matsui, H Muroga, T Noda, N Ohyabu, N Satow, T Shishkin, AA Sze, DK Suzuki, A Tanaka, S Terai, T Yamazaki, K Yamamoto, J AF Sagara, A Motojima, O Imagawa, S Mitarai, O Noda, T Uda, T Watanabe, K Yamanishi, H Chikaraishi, H Kohyama, A Matsui, H Muroga, T Noda, N Ohyabu, N Satow, T Shishkin, AA Sze, DK Suzuki, A Tanaka, S Terai, T Yamazaki, K Yamamoto, J TI Design studies of helical-type fusion reactor FFHR SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID H-MODE; STELLARATOR; CONFINEMENT; BLANKET; FLIBE AB The main feature of FFHR is force-free-like configuration of helical coils, which makes it possible to simplify the coil supporting structure and to use high magnetic field instead of high plasma beta. The other feature is the selection of molten-salt Flibe as a self-cooling tritium breeder from the main reason of safety. Collaboration works based on the LHD project have made great progress in the reactor studies by focusing on engineering aspects of the high magnetic field and Flibe system design. Encouraging positive results are shown on ignition access, mechanical stress in coils supporting structures, improvement in the blanket system including materials selection and tritium recovery. Critical issues on fundamental safety analysis and maintainability of reactor components are also discussed, and many subjects are pointed out as future works. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 50952, Japan. Natl Res Inst Met, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Uji 611, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, NSC, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Sagara, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 50952, Japan. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00145-2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134NG UT WOS:000076749000048 ER PT J AU Sze, DK Billone, MC Hua, TQ Tillack, M Najmabadi, F Wang, XR Malang, S El-Guebaly, LA Sviatoslavsky, IN Blanchard, JP Crowell, JA Khater, HY Mogahed, EA Waganer, LM Lee, D Cole, D AF Sze, DK Billone, MC Hua, TQ Tillack, M Najmabadi, F Wang, XR Malang, S El-Guebaly, LA Sviatoslavsky, IN Blanchard, JP Crowell, JA Khater, HY Mogahed, EA Waganer, LM Lee, D Cole, D TI The ARIES-RS power core - recent development in Li/V designs SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB The ARIES-RS fusion power plant design study is based on reversed-shear (RS) physics with a Li/V (lithium breeder and vanadium structure) blanket. The reversed-shear discharge has been documented in many large tokamak experiments. The plasma in the RS mode has a high beta, low current, and low current drive requirement. Therefore, it is an attractive physics regime for a fusion power plant. The blanket system based on Li/V has high temperature operating capability, good tritium breeding, excellent high heat flux removal capability, long structural life time, low activation, low after heat and good safety characteristics. For these reasons, the ARIES-RS reactor study selected Li/V as the reference blanket. The combination of attractive physics and attractive blanket engineering is expected to result in a superior power plant design. This paper summarizes the power core design of the ARIES-RS power plant study. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. McDonnell Douglas Aerosp, Huntington Beach, CA USA. RP Sze, DK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00144-0 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134NG UT WOS:000076749000051 ER PT J AU Hassanein, A Federici, G Konkashbaev, I Zhitlukhin, A Litunovsky, V AF Hassanein, A Federici, G Konkashbaev, I Zhitlukhin, A Litunovsky, V TI Materials effects and design implications of disruptions and off-normal events in ITER SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; EROSION; SIMULATION AB Damage to plasma-facing components (PFCs) and structural materials during abnormal plasma behavior such as hard disruptions, edge-localized modes (ELMs), and vertical displacement events (VDEs) is considered a serious life-limiting concern for these components. The PFCs in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), such as the divertor, limiter and parts of the first wall, will be subjected to high energy deposition during these plasma instabilities. High erosion losses on material surfaces, high temperature rise in structural materials (particularly at the bonding interface), and high heat flux levels and possible burnout of the coolant tubes are critical constraints that severely limit component lifetime and therefore degrade reactor performance, safety and economics. Recently developed computer models and simulation experiments are being used to evaluate various damage to PFCs during the abnormal events. The design implications of plasma-facing and nearby components are discussed, and recommendations are made to mitigate the effects of these events. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ITER, Garching Joint Cent Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res, Troitsk, Russia. Efremov Sci Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39-40 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00135-X PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134MQ UT WOS:000076747200024 ER PT J AU Komori, A Ohyabu, N England, AC Greenwood, DE Inoue, N Klepper, CC Kubo, S Lee, DK Lyon, JF Masuzaki, S Minami, T Morisaki, T Morita, S Nishimura, K Ohdachi, S Okamura, S Overbey, DR Rome, JA Sakakibara, S Schechter, DE Suzuki, H Takahashi, C Tanaka, K Watanabe, K Watanabe, T Wilson, CT Yamada, H Yonezu, A Matsuoka, K Motojima, O Fujiwara, M Iiyoshi, A AF Komori, A Ohyabu, N England, AC Greenwood, DE Inoue, N Klepper, CC Kubo, S Lee, DK Lyon, JF Masuzaki, S Minami, T Morisaki, T Morita, S Nishimura, K Ohdachi, S Okamura, S Overbey, DR Rome, JA Sakakibara, S Schechter, DE Suzuki, H Takahashi, C Tanaka, K Watanabe, K Watanabe, T Wilson, CT Yamada, H Yonezu, A Matsuoka, K Motojima, O Fujiwara, M Iiyoshi, A TI Local island divertor for the new edge control scenario SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID CHS AB The new edge control scenario for the large helical device (LHD) with a local island divertor (LID) has been proposed, and technical and design studies of the LID have been done in detail. Although the LHD edge plasma control will primarily be done with a closed full helical divertor that utilizes a natural separatrix in the edge region, the LID that utilizes an m/n = 1/1 island will be used in the early stage of the LHD experiment, prior to installing the closed full helical divertor. The advantage of the LID over the closed full helical divertor is the technical ease of hydrogen pumping because of the toroidally localized hydrogen recycling. This localized recycling, however, leads to high heat and particle fluxes onto divertor plates of an LID divertor head, and an average heat flux of 5 MW m(-2) has been designed for 3 MW steady state discharges. This paper will summarize the new edge control scenario proved experimentally, as well as the technical and design studies of the LID for LHD. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Komori, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. RI Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013 OI Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39-40 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00137-3 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134MQ UT WOS:000076747200029 ER PT J AU Bolt, H Scholz, T Boedo, J Finken, KH Hassanein, A Linke, J AF Bolt, H Scholz, T Boedo, J Finken, KH Hassanein, A Linke, J TI Response of plasma-facing materials to high transient heat loads in a tokamak SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID DISRUPTION AB High transient heat loads to plasma-facing components, as they occur during plasma disruptions, edge localized modes (ELMs), or vertical displacement events, can cause damage such as thermal erosion, cracking, or melting. The incidence of high heat flux from a plasma onto a material surface triggers a sequence of dynamic plasma-material interaction processes of a non-linear character, commonly termed 'vapour shielding'. As a consequence, the further incident heat flux and the resulting ablation are strongly reduced. To study these effects, fast probe experiments were carried out in the TEXTOR tokamak. The materials exposed to the plasma were carbon fibre composites with and without silicon addition. The duration of the plasma exposure was 80 ms at a depth of up to 9 cm into the boundary plasma. Together with a strong decrease of the electron temperature in the boundary plasma, strongly localized emission of radiation was observed in front of the probe tip. The incident heat flux to the probe was strongly reduced, which was also found as result of numerical modelling of the local shielding processes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, EURATOM Assoc, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, Fus Energy Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bolt, H (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, EURATOM Assoc, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 EI 1873-7196 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39-40 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00130-6 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134MQ UT WOS:000076747200034 ER PT J AU Federici, G Anderl, R Brooks, JN Causey, R Coad, JP Cowgill, D Doerner, R Haasz, AA Longhurst, G Luckhardt, S Mueller, D Peacock, A Pick, M Skinner, CH Wampler, W Wilson, K Wong, C Wu, C Youchison, D AF Federici, G Anderl, R Brooks, JN Causey, R Coad, JP Cowgill, D Doerner, R Haasz, AA Longhurst, G Luckhardt, S Mueller, D Peacock, A Pick, M Skinner, CH Wampler, W Wilson, K Wong, C Wu, C Youchison, D TI Tritium inventory in the ITER PFC's: Predictions, uncertainties, R & D status and priority needs SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; 1ST WALL; DEUTERIUM RETENTION; SURFACE TRITIUM; DIII-D; BERYLLIUM; JET; CARBON; DIVERTOR; RELEASE AB New data on hydrogen plasma isotopes retention in beryllium and tungsten are now becoming available from various laboratories for conditions similar to those expected in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) where previous data were either missing or largely scattered. Together with a significant advancement in understanding, they have warranted a revisitation of the previous estimates of tritium inventory in ITER, with beryllium as the plasma facing material for the first-wall components, and tungsten in the divertor with some carbon-fibre-composites clad areas, near the strike points. Based on these analyses, it is shown that the area of primary concern, with respect to tritium inventory, remains codeposition with carbon and possibly beryllium on the divertor surfaces. Here, modelling of ITER divertor conditions continues to show potentially large codeposition rates which are confirmed by tokamak findings. Contrary to the tritium residing deep in the bulk of materials, this surface tritium represents a safety hazard as it can be easily mobilised in the event of an accident. It could, however, be possibly removed and recovered. It is concluded that active and efficient methods to remove the codeposited layers are needed in ITER and periodic conditioning/cleaning would be required to control the tritium inventory and avoid exhausting the available fuel supply. Some methods which could possibly be used for in-situ cleaning are briefly discussed in conjunction with the research and development work required to extrapolate their applicability to ITER. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 ITER, JWS Garching Coctr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, N York, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Net Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Federici, G (reprint author), ITER, JWS Garching Coctr, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM federig@ipp.mpg.de OI Youchison, Dennis/0000-0002-7366-1710 NR 53 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39-40 BP 445 EP 464 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00151-3 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134MQ UT WOS:000076747200055 ER PT J AU Carmack, WJ McCarthy, KA Petti, DA Kellman, AG Wong, CPC AF Carmack, WJ McCarthy, KA Petti, DA Kellman, AG Wong, CPC TI Collection and analysis of particulate from the DIII-D Tokamak SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB Particulate (i.e. Tokamak dust) has been collected from the III-D Tokamak located at General Atomics in San Diego, CA, USA. Two methods were used to collect particulate with the goal of preserving the particle size distribution and physical characteristics of the particulate. Vacuum collection on substrates and adhesion removal with metallurgical replicating tape were chosen as non-intrusive sampling methods. Sampling was completed in four toroidal locations of the machine; the 0-90 degrees area, the 90-180 degrees area, the 180-270 degrees area, and the 270-360 degrees area. The 0 degrees direction designates the north side of the DIII-D machine. Four tiles in each area were sampled; the first vertical tile above the floor on the centerpost, a floor tile next to the center post, a tile on the isolated ring, and the first tile up from the isolated ring on the divertor. In addition, samples were collected from underneath the floor tiles at the 275 and the 75 degrees locations. The count median diameter of the samples ranged from 0.50 to 0.86 mu m, with geometric standard deviations ranging from 2.0 to 3.5. Diameters of average mass calculated from Hatch-Choate equations based upon log normal distribution characteristics ranged from 2.8 to 7.5 mu m. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Carmack, WJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM wjc@inel.gov NR 6 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39-40 BP 477 EP 483 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00146-X PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134MQ UT WOS:000076747200057 ER PT J AU Gohar, Y Billone, M Danilov, I Danner, W Ferrari, M Ioki, K Kuroda, T Loesser, D Majumdar, S Mattas, R Mohri, K Parker, R Strebkov, Y Takatsu, H AF Gohar, Y Billone, M Danilov, I Danner, W Ferrari, M Ioki, K Kuroda, T Loesser, D Majumdar, S Mattas, R Mohri, K Parker, R Strebkov, Y Takatsu, H TI ITER breeding blanket design for the enhanced performance phase SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) breeding blanket is designed to breed the necessary tritium for ITER operation during the enhanced performance phase by replacing the shielding blanket of the basic performance phase. Similar to the shielding blanket, it has to remove the majority of the fusion power generated by the plasma and to protect the vacuum vessel and the toroidal field coils from excessive nuclear heating and radiation damage. It has to produce a net tritium breeding ratio of more than 0.8 to satisfy the technical objectives of the enhanced performance phase. For compatibility with the ITER design and to satisfy the blanket functional requirements, a water-cooled modular solid breeder blanket with a beryllium neutron multiplier has been selected. Lithium zirconate is the reference breeder material based on the current database. Enriched lithium is used to enhance the tritium breeding capability, to reduce the radial blanket thickness, to decrease the breeder material volume, to lower the breeder thermal stresses, and to enhance the shielding capability. Similar to the shielding blanket, the breeding blanket uses Type 316LN-IG austenitic steel structural material. Both forms of beryllium material, porous and pebbles, are used at different blanket locations based on di:sign requirements. This paper is concerned with the design analyses and design selections, including beryllium form, breeder material, tritium breeding, and heat transfer across the beryllium-steel interface. Also, the required research and development tasks for the ITER breeding blanket are summarized. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 ITER Joint Cent Team, Garching Coctr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Res & Dev Inst Power Engn, Moscow 101000, Russia. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. ENEA Fus, EURATOM Assoc, Ctr Ric Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Plasma Engn Lab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. RP Gohar, Y (reprint author), ITER Joint Cent Team, Garching Coctr, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39-40 BP 601 EP 608 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00112-4 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134MQ UT WOS:000076747200073 ER PT J AU Moriyama, H Sagara, A Tanaka, S Moir, RW Sze, DK AF Moriyama, H Sagara, A Tanaka, S Moir, RW Sze, DK TI Molten salts in fusion nuclear technology SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID TRITIUM RECOVERY; HYLIFE-II; LIQUID-LITHIUM; REACTOR; BLANKET; DESIGN AB In the field of fusion nuclear technology, much interest lies in the use of molten salts. In some innovative design studies, the use of molten fluoride, especially the LiF-BeF(2) mixture called Flibe, has been suggested as the primary loop coolant because of its inherent advantages such as high temperature stability and low electrical conductivity. The use of molten salts has also been suggested for the chemical processing of tritium. Together with the physical and chemical properties of molten salts, recent studies on the use of molten salts in fusion nuclear technology are reviewed and discussed, and issues are addressed for successful future development. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Reactor, Kumatori, Osaka 59004, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Moriyama, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Reactor, Kumatori, Osaka 59004, Japan. NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39-40 BP 627 EP 637 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00202-6 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134MQ UT WOS:000076747200076 ER PT J AU Mattas, RF Smith, DL Reed, CB Park, JH Kirillov, IR Strebkov, YS Rusanov, AE Votinov, SN AF Mattas, RF Smith, DL Reed, CB Park, JH Kirillov, IR Strebkov, YS Rusanov, AE Votinov, SN TI Results of R & D for lithium/vanadium breeding blanket design SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB The self-cooled lithium/vanadium blanket concept has several attractive features for fusion power systems, including reduced activation, resistance to radiation damage, accommodation of high heat loads and operating to temperatures of 650-700 degrees C. The primary issue associated with the lithium/vanadium concept is the potentially high MHD pressure drop experienced by the lithium as it flows through the high magnetic field of the tokamak. The solution to this issue is to apply a thin insulating coating to the inside of the vanadium alloy to prevent the generation of eddy currents within the structures that are responsible for the high MHD forces and pressure drop. This paper presents the progress in the development of an insulator coating that is capable of operating in the severe fusion environment, progress in the fabrication development of vanadium alloys, and a summary of MHD testing. A large number of small scale tests of vanadium alloy specimens coated with CaO and AlN have been conducted in liquid lithium to determine the resistivity and stability of the coating. In-situ measurements in lithium have determined that CaO coatings, similar to 5 mu m thick, have resistivity times thickness values (p*t) exceeding 10(6) Omega cm(2). These results have been used to identify fabrication procedures for coating a large vanadium alloy V-4Cr-4Ti) test section that was tested in the ALEX (Argonne Liquid metal Experiment) facility. Similar test sections have been produced in both Russia and the USA. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. DV Efremov Sci Res Inst Electrophys Apparat, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. Res & Dev Inst Power Engn, Moscow 101100, Russia. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249020, Russia. AA Bochvar Inst Nonorgan Mat, Moscow 123060, Russia. RP Mattas, RF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39-40 BP 659 EP 668 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00274-9 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134MQ UT WOS:000076747200080 ER PT J AU Kirillov, IR Danilov, IV Sidorenkov, SI Strebkov, YS Mattas, RF Gohar, Y Hua, TQ Smith, DL AF Kirillov, IR Danilov, IV Sidorenkov, SI Strebkov, YS Mattas, RF Gohar, Y Hua, TQ Smith, DL TI Liquid lithium self-cooled breeding blanket design for ITER SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB To meet the technical objectives of the ITER extended performance phase (EPP) an advanced tritium breeding lithium/vanadium (Li/V) blanket was developed by two home teams (US and RF). The design is based on the use of liquid Li as coolant and breeder and vanadium alloy (V-Cr-Ti) as structural :material. The first wall is coated with a beryllium protection layer. Beryllium is also integrated in the blanket for neutron multiplication and improved shielding. The use of tungsten carbide in the primary shield and in vacuum vessel provides adequate protection for toroidal field coils. A self-healing electrical insulator in the form of CaO or AIN coating layer is utilized to reduce MHD pressure drop in the system. To have a self-consistent ITER design, liquid metal cooling of the divertor and vacuum vessel is considered as well. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights-reserved. C1 DV Efremov Sci Res Inst Electrophys Apparatus, STC Sintez, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. Res & Dev Inst Power Engn, Moscow 101100, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Program, Chicago, IL 60439 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, ITER Garching Joint Work Site, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Kirillov, IR (reprint author), DV Efremov Sci Res Inst Electrophys Apparatus, STC Sintez, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39-40 BP 669 EP 674 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00199-9 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134MQ UT WOS:000076747200081 ER PT J AU Sze, DK Hua, TQ Dagher, MA Waganer, LM Abdou, MA AF Sze, DK Hua, TQ Dagher, MA Waganer, LM Abdou, MA TI Tritium processing system for the ITER Li/V blanket test module SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID RECOVERY AB The purpose of the ITER Blanket Testing Module is to test the operating and performance of candidate blanket concepts under a real fusion environment. To assure fuel self-sufficiency, the tritium breeding, recovery and processing have to be demonstrated. The tritium produced in the blanket has to be processed to a purity which can be used for refuelling. All these functions need to be accomplished so that the tritium system can be scaled to a commercial fusion power plant from a safety and reliability point of view. This paper summarizes the tritium processing steps, the size of the equipment, power requirements, space requirements, etc. for a self-cooled lithium blanket. This information is needed for the design and layout of the test blanket ancillary system and to assure that the ITER guidelines for remote handling of ancillary equipment can be met. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, S Cass Lab 9700, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Sze, DK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, S Cass Lab 9700, Bldg 207, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Sze@anl.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39-40 BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00329-9 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134MQ UT WOS:000076747200106 ER PT J AU Birdsell, SA Willms, RS AF Birdsell, SA Willms, RS TI Tritium recovery from tritiated water with a two-stage palladium membrane reactor SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-4) CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID CLEANUP AB A process to recover tritium from tritiated water has been successfully demonstrated at the Tritium Systems Test Assembly. A 2-stage palladium membrane reactor (PMR) is capable of recovering tritium from water without generating additional waste. A substantial amount of tritiated water will be generated in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor both from torus exhaust and auxiliary operations. In addition, this process can be used to recover tritium from tritiated waste water being prepared for disposal in radioactive waste repositories. A large quantity of tritiated waste water exists world wide because the predominant method of cleaning up tritiated streams is to oxidize tritium to tritiated water. A series of cold (non-tritium) water processing experiments were run in preparation for the tritiated water processing tests. Optimum operating conditions were determined with these experiments. Tritium was recovered from a container of molecular sieve loaded with 2050 g (2550 std. 1) of water and 4.5 g of tritium. The maximum water processing rate for the PMR system used was determined to be 0.5 slpm. A control method was developed to automatically liberate steam from the molecular sieve and add the desired amount of CO before injection into the PMR system. The maximum decontamination factor achieved in the Ist stage ranged from 100 to 260, depending on the inlet flow rate. Performance of the 2nd stage could not be measured because the outlet tritium concentration was below the background of the ion chamber used for analysis. Although the DF could not be measured, it is known that the DF was high because no tritium was detected, except during start-up, in the tritium waste treatment system that was downstream from the PMR system. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Birdsell, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop C348, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39-40 BP 1041 EP 1048 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00144-6 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134MQ UT WOS:000076747200130 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, LG AF Chatterjee, LG TI Electrolysis in thin-film nickel coatings: Mimicking supernova physics? SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUON-CATALYZED FUSION; COLD FUSION; WEAK; FLAVOR AB Physics similar to the r-process mechanism of forming heavy elements in core-collapse supernovas is invoked to explain the recent observation of nuclear transmutations in thin-film nickel coatings during electrolysis. It is suggested that electrolysis could catalyze weak interactions of the electron capture type in thin films, resulting in an enhanced rate for the weak capture of electrons by protons to form real or virtual neutrons. These could subsequently be absorbed by the nuclei in the metal, and the neutrinos created to satisfy conservation laws would escape detection. The neutron-rich nuclei could stabilize by various beta decay channels similar to the r-process, and this model could explain the observed transmuted elements as well as the absence of radiation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Chatterjee, LG (reprint author), Cumberland Univ, 1 Cumberland Sq, Lebanon, TN 37087 USA. EM lchatterjee@cumberland.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 34 IS 2 BP 147 EP 150 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 115YW UT WOS:000075694800005 ER PT J AU Hautala, T Grunst, T Fabrega, A Freimuth, P Welsh, MJ AF Hautala, T Grunst, T Fabrega, A Freimuth, P Welsh, MJ TI An interaction between penton base and alpha v integrins plays a minimal role in adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo SO GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; hepatocytes; gene transfer; integrin; liver ID FIBROSIS AIRWAY EPITHELIA; CELLS; RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; ENTRY; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; FIBER; MICE; TYPE-2 AB Studies in cultured cell lines have shown that adenovirus infection involves binding of adenovirus fiber to ifs cell sur: face receptor and binding of penton base to cuv integrins. However, much less is known about the role of these interactions in cells that are targets for adenovirus-mediated gene transfer Earlier work showed that hepatocytes are readily infected by adenovirus, making them an attractive target for gene therapy in several diseases. We found that addition of fiber protein blocked adenovirus infection of primary cultures of hepatocytes. This suggests an important role for fiber and its receptor. However, mutation of the integrin-binding motif in penton base did not inhibit infection of hepatocytes, even though the mutation impaired infection of HeLa cells. Hepatocytes had undetectable amounts of alpha V integrins an heir cell surface and showed. no specific adherence to vitronectin, the natural substrate of alpha V integrins. Adenovirus with an intact penton base enhanced infection of liver following intravenous injection, but only by three-fold as compared with virus in which the integrin-binding motif was disrupted. These studies suggest that interactions between cell surface integrins and penton base are not required for adenovirus infection of hepatocytes in vitro, but the interaction enhances infection to a small degree in vivo. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Welsh, MJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Internal Med, 500 EMRB, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK25295]; PHS HHS [51670] NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0969-7128 J9 GENE THER JI Gene Ther. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 5 IS 9 BP 1259 EP 1264 DI 10.1038/sj.gt.3300722 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 118MG UT WOS:000075841800015 PM 9930328 ER PT J AU Jull, AJT Cloudt, S Donahue, DJ Sisterson, JM Reedy, RC Masarik, J AF Jull, AJT Cloudt, S Donahue, DJ Sisterson, JM Reedy, RC Masarik, J TI C-14 depth profiles in Apollo 15 and 17 cores and lunar rock 68815 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONS; PROTON-INDUCED REACTIONS; COSMIC-RAY RECORD; EXTRATERRESTRIAL MATERIALS; RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; SOLAR; AL-26; BE-10 AB Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was used to measure the activity vs. depth profiles of C-14 produced by both solar cosmic rays (SCR) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) in Apollo 15 lunar cores 15001-6 and 15008, Apollo 17 core 76001, and lunar rock 68815. Calculated GCR production rates are in good agreement with C-14 measurements at depths below similar to 10 cm. Carbon-14 produced by solar protons was observed in the top few cm of the Apollo 15 cores and lunar rock 68815, with near-surface values as high as 66 dpm/kg in 68815. Only low levels of SCR-produced C-14 were observed in the Apollo 17 core 76001. New cross sections for production of 14C by proton spallation on O, Si, Al, Mg, Fe, and Ni were measured using AMS. These cross sections are essential for the analysis of the measured C-14 depth profiles. The best fit to the activity-depth profiles for solar-proton-produced C-14 measured in the tops of both the Apollo 15 cores and 68815 was obtained for an exponential rigidity spectral shape R-0, of 110-115 MV and a 4 pi flux (J(10), Ep > 10 MeV) of 103-108 protons/cm(2)/s. These values of R-0 are higher, indicating a harder rigidity, and the solar-proton fluxes are higher than those determined from Be-10, Al-26, and Mn-53 measurements. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona AMS Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Cyclotron Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Comenius Univ, Dept Phys Nucl, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Jull, AJT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona AMS Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303 NR 67 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 1998 VL 62 IS 17 BP 3025 EP 3036 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00193-8 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 167CM UT WOS:000078615100011 ER PT J AU McNulty, BA Farber, DL Wallace, GS Lopez, R Palacios, O AF McNulty, BA Farber, DL Wallace, GS Lopez, R Palacios, O TI Role of plate kinematics and plate-slip-vector partitioning in continental magmatic arcs: Evidence from the Cordillera Blanca, Peru SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANDES; DEFORMATION; CRUSTAL; SUBDUCTION; CALIFORNIA; BATHOLITH; TIME; ZONE; PB AB New structural and geochronological data from the Cordillera Blanca batholith in the Peruvian Andes, coupled with Nazca-South American plate-slip-vector data, indicate that oblique convergence and associated strike-slip partitioning strongly influenced continental magmatic are evolution. Both the strain field and mode of magmatism (plutonism vs. volcanism) in the late Miocene Peruvian Andes were controlled by the degree to which the arc-parallel component of the plate slip vector was partitioned into the are. Strong strike-slip partitioning at ca, 8 Ma produced arc-parallel sinistral shear, strike-slip intercordilleran basins and east-west-oriented tension fractures that facilitated emplacement of the Cordillera Blanca batholith (ca. 8.2 +/- 0.2 Ma). Periods during which the strike-slip component was not partitioned into the are (ca. 10 and ca, 7 Ma) were associated with roughly are-normal contraction and ignimbrite volcanism. The data thus support the contention that contraction within continental magmatic arcs favors volcanism, whereas transcurrent shear favors plutonism. The tie between oblique convergence and batholith emplacement in late Miocene Peruvian Andes provides a modern analogue for batholiths emplaced as the result of transcurrent shear in ancient arcs. C1 Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Earth Sci, Carson, CA 90747 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Inst Geol Minero & Met, Lima, Peru. RP McNulty, BA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Earth Sci, Carson, CA 90747 USA. RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011 NR 39 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 10 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 1998 VL 26 IS 9 BP 827 EP 830 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0827:ROPKAP>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 116TH UT WOS:000075740300015 ER PT J AU Reeves, GD Baker, DN Belian, RD Blake, JB Cayton, TE Fennell, JF Friedel, RHW Meier, MM Selesnick, RS Spence, HE AF Reeves, GD Baker, DN Belian, RD Blake, JB Cayton, TE Fennell, JF Friedel, RHW Meier, MM Selesnick, RS Spence, HE TI The global response of relativistic radiation belt electrons to the January 1997 magnetic cloud SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES AB In January 1997 a large fleet of NASA and US military satellites provided the most complete observations to date of the changes in >2 MeV electrons during a geomagnetic storm. Observations at geosynchronous orbit revealed a somewhat unusual two-peaked enhancement in relativistic electron fluxes [Reeves et al., 1998]. In the heart of the radiation belts at L approximate to 4, however, there was a single enhancement followed by a gradual decay. Radial profiles from the POLAR and GPS satellites revealed three distinct phases. (1) In the acceleration phase electron fluxes increased simultaneously at L approximate to 4-6. (2) During the passage of the cloud the radiation belts were shifted radially outward and then relaxed earthward. (3) For several days after the passage of the cloud the radial gradient of the fluxes flattened, increasing the fluxes at higher L-shells. These observations provide evidence that the acceleration of relativistic electrons takes place within the radiation belts and is rapid. Both magnetospheric compression and radial diffusion can cause a redistribution of electron fluxes within the magnetosphere that make the event profiles appear quite different when viewed at different L-shells. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Aerospace Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Reeves, GD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM reeves@lanl.gov; baker@orion.colorado.edu; rbelian@lanl.gov; bernie.blake@aero.org; tcayton@lanl.gov; Joseph.F.Fennell@aero.org; rfriedel@lanl.gov; mmeier@lanl.gov; Richard.S.Selesnick@aero.org; spence@buasta.bu.edu RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 10 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 17 BP 3265 EP 3268 DI 10.1029/98GL02509 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 116TC UT WOS:000075739800015 ER PT J AU Yukhimuk, V Roussel-Dupre, RA Symbalisty, EMD Taranenko, Y AF Yukhimuk, V Roussel-Dupre, RA Symbalisty, EMD Taranenko, Y TI Optical characteristics of blue jets produced by runaway air breakdown, simulation results SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THUNDERCLOUD FIELDS; RED-SPRITES; THUNDERSTORM; DISCHARGES; MESOSPHERE AB The results of numerical calculations of the intensity and spectra of optical emissions from blue jets produced by runaway air breakdown in the atmosphere are presented. It is found that a positive runaway streamer develops in the altitude range 20-34 km following an intracloud discharge that possesses a continuing current of similar to 1.7 kA. The ionization front of the runaway streamer propagates upward with a velocity similar to 90 km/s and produces optical emissions with a maximum intensity similar to 400 kR and a duration similar to 153 ms. The comparison between theory and observation yields good agreement for such important blue jet characteristics as maximum intensity of optical emissions, color, front velocity, duration, maximum radius and vertical dimensions and supports the viability of runaway air breakdown as a driving mechanism for this particular type of high altitude discharge. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XCM, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yukhimuk, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Grp, MS D401,EES-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 17 BP 3289 EP 3292 DI 10.1029/98GL02431 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 116TC UT WOS:000075739800021 ER PT J AU Tseng, HW Becker, A Wilt, MJ Deszcz-Pan, M AF Tseng, HW Becker, A Wilt, MJ Deszcz-Pan, M TI A borehole-to-surface electromagnetic survey SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOMOGRAPHY AB The results of a limited field trial confirm the usefulness of borehole-to-surface electromagnetic (EM) measurements for monitoring fluid extraction. A vertical EM profiling experiment was done at the University of California Richmond Field Station, where we simulated a brine spill plume by creating a saline water injection zone at a depth of 30 m. The data acquisition mode was analogous to the reverse vertical seismic profiling (VSP) configuration used for seismic measurements in that the EM transmitter traversed the PVC-cased borehole used for fluid injection and extraction while the receivers were deployed on the surface. The EM measurements were made at 9.6 kHz with an accuracy of 1% in signal amplitude and 1 degrees in signal phase. Observations were taken at 5-m intervals along two intersecting profiles that were centered on the injection well and extended for 60 m on either side of it. The presence of the injected salt water, at the expected 30 m depth, was indicated clearly by differences between the pre-extraction and postextraction data. A limited amount of numerical modeling showed that the experimental data were consistent with the presence of two superposed saline plumes. The uppermost of these, located at 26 m depth, was 2 m thick and had an area of 30 m(2). The lower plume, located at 30 m, is the major cause of the observed anomaly, as it has an areal extent of 120 m(2) and a thickness of 3 m. Surprisingly, the measurements were very sensitive to the presence of cultural surficial conductivity anomalies. These spurious effects were reduced by spatial filtering of the data prior to interpretation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Tseng, HW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 63 IS 5 BP 1565 EP 1572 DI 10.1190/1.1444453 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 126GM UT WOS:000076285600010 ER PT J AU Persoff, P Moridis, GJ Apps, JA Pruess, K AF Persoff, P Moridis, GJ Apps, JA Pruess, K TI Evaluation tests for colloidal silica for use in grouting applications SO GEOTECHNICAL TESTING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE grout; gel time; colloidal silica; barrier; injection AB Colloidal silica (CS) is a low-viscosity chemical grout that can be injected to form an impermeable barrier in the subsurface. Such a barrier was proposed to be placed under a disused unlined retention basin at the Savannah River site. Specifications for the CS grout were included in the bid package, including performance tests. The product must meet requirements of low viscosity, low permeability when gelled, and controllable gel time both in vitro and in situ. Bidders submitted samples for evaluation, and this paper describes the tests that were conducted and presents typical results. Gel time in soil was assessed by injection tests in packed-soil columns and the monitoring of gelling in the columns. Injection tests were designed to ensure that grout injection would not be impeded by rapid gellation caused by contact with soil. The requirement was that the injection pressure during 2 h of injection be less than 2.5 times as great as the injection pressure without gelling. Gelling of the grout in the soil columns was monitored by repeated falling-head tests that showed that mobility decreased to zero during the prescribed time for gelling in situ. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Persoff, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0149-6115 J9 GEOTECH TEST J JI Geotech. Test. J. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 21 IS 3 BP 264 EP 269 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 110VR UT WOS:000075402300011 ER PT J AU Holfort, J Johnson, KM Schneider, B Siedler, G Wallace, DWR AF Holfort, J Johnson, KM Schneider, B Siedler, G Wallace, DWR TI Meridional transport of dissolved inorganic carbon in the South Atlantic Ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PACIFIC-OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; DIOXIDE TRANSPORT; INVERSE METHODS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BUDGET; FLUXES AB The meridional oceanic transports of dissolved inorganic carbon and oxygen were calculated using six transoceanic sections occupied in the South Atlantic between 11 degrees S and 30 degrees S. The total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) data were interpolated onto conductivity-temperature-depth data to obtain a high-resolution data set, and Ekman, depth-dependent and depth-independent components of the transport were estimated. Uncertainties in the depth-independent velocity distribution were reduced using an inverse model. The inorganic carbon transport between 11 degrees S and 30 degrees S was southward, decreased slightly toward the south, and was -2150 +/- 200 kmol s(-1) (-0.81 +/- 0.08 Gt C yr(-1)) at 20 degrees S. This estimate includes the contribution of net mass transport required to balance the salt transport through Bering Strait. Anthropogenic CO2 concentrations were estimated for the sections. The meridional transport of anthropogenic CO2 was northward, increased toward the north, and was 430 kmol s(-1) (0.16 Gt C yr(-1)) at 20 degrees S. The calculations imply net southward inorganic carbon transport of 2580 kmol s(-1) (1 Gt C yr(-1)) during preindustrial times. The slight contemporary convergence of inorganic carbon between 10 degrees S and 30 degrees S is balanced by storage of anthropogenic CO2 and a sea-to-air flux implying little local divergence of the organic carbon transport. During the preindustrial era, there was significant regional convergence of both inorganic carbon and oxygen, consistent with a sea-to-air gas flux driven by warming. The northward transport of anthropogenic CO2 carried by the meridional overturning circulation represents an important source for anthropogenic CO2 currently being stored within the North Atlantic Ocean. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Ostseeforsch, Sekt Meereschem, Rostock, Germany. Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, D-2300 Kiel, Germany. RP Holfort, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wallace@bnl.gov NR 66 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 479 EP 499 DI 10.1029/98GB01533 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 115DY UT WOS:000075649300007 ER PT J AU Moline, GR Rightmire, CT Ketelle, RH Huff, DD AF Moline, GR Rightmire, CT Ketelle, RH Huff, DD TI "Evidence for ground water circulation in the brine-filled aquitard, Oak Ridge, Tennessee" by Ronit Nativ, Amy Halleran, and Arnold Hunley, July-August 1997, v. 35, no. 4 : 647-659. Discussion SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moline, GR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 711 EP 712 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02185.x PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 120NK UT WOS:000075962300007 ER PT J AU Hamby, DM Simpkins, AA AF Hamby, DM Simpkins, AA TI Three-parameter model for estimating atmospheric tritium dose at the Savannah River Site SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tritium; dose assessment; environmental transport; monitoring; environmental AB The models used in the NRC approach to assess chronic atmospheric releases of radioactivity generate deterministic dose estimates by using standard assumptions about exposure conditions and environmental transport mechanisms. This approach has been used at the Savannah River Site since 1983, Total dose to off-site maximally exposed individuals at the SRS from atmospheric releases has been on the al der of 1 mu Sv y(-1), three orders of magnitude lower than the applicable dose limit. When estimating atmospheric dose many parameters remain unchanged each time calculations are performed. These parameters, therefore, are essentially unimportant with regard to routine modeling. It is proposed, therefore, that transport and dosimetry models can be reduced to simple functions of a few parameters that essentially determine dose at all locations across the site. The three-parameter transport and dosimetry model de developed in this work is useful for quick and easy estimates of chronic atmospheric tritium dose that are within a factor of 2 of estimates by more sophisticated models. The three parameters critical to estimating annual average concentration at the Savannah River Site are wind-direction frequency, downwind distance, and physical al stack height. The model is bounded by physical stack heights between 10 and 61 m and downwind distances between 800 m (0.5 mi.) and 32 km (20 mi,) and should not be used outside its intended domain. It requires knowledge of wind-direction frequency, downwind distance, and physical stack height to estimate an Atmospheric Dose Factor (ADF; in units of mu Sv GBq(-1)) for the conversion of long-term release activity to maximum individual effective dose equivalent. This concept is being carried forward to the development of a reduced model for particulate emissions from SRS stacks. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Environm Anal Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1097/00004032-199809000-00005 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 112GT UT WOS:000075486300005 PM 9721835 ER PT J AU Thomas, RH AF Thomas, RH TI Comment on "low dose cost/benefit assessment - A view from Europe" SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 322 EP 322 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 112GT UT WOS:000075486300013 PM 9721843 ER EF