FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Petrie, TW Childs, PW Christian, JE AF Petrie, TW Childs, PW Christian, JE BE Geshwiler, M TI Radiation control coatings on rough-surfaced roofs at a federal facility: Two summers of monitoring plus roof and whole building modeling SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB This paper discusses the effect of radiation control coatings on rough-surfaced, low-slope roofs at a federal facility in the Panhandle of Florida. Two gravel-topped, moderately well-insulated, low solar reflectance built-up roofs (BURs) were spray coated with a white, latex-based product with ceramic beads. One roof was significantly shaded and its building had high internal loads. The other had a thermally massive deck but its building had little internal load. Samples of the coated roofs were brought periodically to the laboratory to measure the solar reflectance as the coatings weathered. Relative to the uncoated BUR, the fresh coating increased the solar reflectance from 0.09 to about 0.53, which is at least 0.2 lower than has been observed for similar fresh white coatings on smooth, low-sloped surfaces. In the course of the project, from July 1996 through October 1997, the reflectance for the shaded BUR decreased to 0.42 while the other decreased to 0.50. On smooth, low-slope surfaces after several years of weathering, values as low as 0.50 to 0.55 have been observed. Over the project duration, average decreases in the sunlit temperatures of the coated vs. the uncoated surfaces show slight weathering effects. They also show that the shading enhanced the measured effect of the coating on the shaded roof because the coated instrumented area on it was preferentially shaded near noon on sunny days. For August through October 1996, the average sunlit surface temperature decreases were 13% on the shaded roof and 12% on the heavyweight roof. The averages for the same two months in 1997 were 12% and 11%, respectively. Whole building models were constructed for DOE-2.1E and adjusted until predictions agreed well with measurements of total electrical power for each all-electric building. For the building with the shaded roof and high internal loads, the effect of the shading on annual energy use for cooling was about the same as that of the fresh coating, but the coating decreased annual cooling energy needs only by 0.8% (0.054 kWh/ft(2) or 0.58 kWh/m(2)). In the other building, the DOE-2 model predicted a 7.4% (0.27 kWh/ft(2) or 2.9 kWh/m(2)) decrease in annual cooling energy use due to the fresh coating. This building had an unconditioned plenum under all of its roof. Additional DOE-2.1E modeling to study the effect of the roof construction and presence of the plenum showed more and more annual cooling energy use as the effective amount of insulation in the uncoated roof decreased. Percentage cooling energy savings with the fresh coating increased to 43% for the final case with no plenum and an uninsulated metal roof. This case also showed that estimates of cooling energy savings over the lifetime of a coating should be done with weathered coating solar reflectances, or estimates of savings can be as much as 50% too optimistic. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Petrie, TW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 353 EP 371 PG 19 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100035 ER PT B AU Desjarlais, AO Sheahan, JP Hale, J Choiniere, SW Garrigus, PC AF Desjarlais, AO Sheahan, JP Hale, J Choiniere, SW Garrigus, PC BE Geshwiler, M TI A full-scale research project to evaluate industry concerns regarding roof re-cover over wet insulation SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Desjarlais, AO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 373 EP 374 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100036 ER PT B AU Desjarlais, AO Byars, NA AF Desjarlais, AO Byars, NA BE Geshwiler, M TI Predicting moisture problems in low-slope roofing SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB Moisture intrusion is the major reason why low-slope roofing systems fail prematurely. With approximately 75% of all roofing activity being reroofing, the roofing professional is faced with deciding what to do with an existing wet roof on almost a daily basis. Problems can originate from moisture entering the roofing system by two completely different mechanisms. In the wintertime, the vapor pressure in the building interior typically exceeds the vapor pressure in the roofing system, causing water vapor to migrate from the building interior into the roofing system. If the vapor pressure gradient is severe and persists for a long time, sufficient water vapor may build up under the roofing membrane to allow condensation to occur The second mechanism that allows an appreciable amount of water into the roofing system is membrane failure. Breaks in the membrane will allow water to enter the roofing system from the exterior Depending on the roof construction, the water will either build up in the roof or migrate to the roof deck where it may manifest itself as a leak. The net effect of water entering the roofing system by either mechanism is the same: reduced energy, efficiency, corrosion of metal components (decks and fasteners), mechanical degradation of the insulation materials, and bond failures between adhered components. These impacts lead to reduced durability, shorter service life, and health/safety issues. This paper describes finite-difference computer modeling performed to address moisture control in low-slope roofing systems. Based on a large database of finite difference modeling results, algorithms have been developed that allow the roofing practitioner to simply determine if a roofing system design requires a vapor retarder or if the system can be modified to enhance its tolerance for small leaks. This paper illustrates how modeling results were obtained, describes the process employed to develop the algorithms, and demonstrates how these algorithms can be used to design a moisture-tolerant low-slope roof. The range of applicability and limitations of these algorithms are also detailed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Desjarlais, AO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 375 EP 382 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100037 ER PT B AU Lee, ES DiBartolomeo, DL Vine, EL Selkowitz, SE AF Lee, ES DiBartolomeo, DL Vine, EL Selkowitz, SE BE Geshwiler, M TI Integrated performance of an automated venetian blind/electric lighting system in a full-scale private office SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers ID BLIND AB Comprehensive results are presented from a full-scale testbed of a prototype automated venetian blind/lighting system installed in two unoccupied, private offices in Oakland, California. The dynamic system balanced daylight against solar heat gains in real-time to reduce perimeter zone energy use and to increase comfort. This limited proof-of-concept test was designed to work out practical "bugs" and refine design details to increase cost-effectiveness and acceptability of this innovative technology for real-world applications. We present results from 14 months of tuning the system design and monitoring energy performance and control system operations. For this southeast-facing office, we found that 1% to 22% lighting energy savings, 13% to 28% cooling load reductions, and 13% to 28% peak cooling load reductions can be achieved by the dynamic system under clear sky and overcast conditions year-round, compared to a static, partly closed blind with the same optimized daylighting control system. These energy savings increase if compared to conventional daylighting controls with manually operated blinds. Monitored data indicate that the control system met design objectives under all weather conditions to within 10% for at least 90% of the year A pilot human-factors study indicated that some of our default control settings should be adjusted to increase user satisfaction. With these adjustments, energy savings will decrease. The final prototype design yielded a 10-year simple payback for this site. If mechanical system downsizing opportunities and qualitative improvements to workers' comfort are included, this innovative technology could be more cost-effective. Marketing information for commercializing this technology is presented in this paper. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, ES (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 563 EP 585 PG 23 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100052 ER PT B AU Huang, YJ Mitchell, RD Arasteh, D Selkowitz, SE AF Huang, YJ Mitchell, RD Arasteh, D Selkowitz, SE BE Geshwiler, M TI Residential fenestration performance analysis using RESFEN 3.1 SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB This paper describes the development efforts of RESFEN3.1, a PC-based computer program for calculating the heating and cooling energy performance and cost of residential fenestration systems. The development of RESFEN has been coordinated with ongoing efforts by the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) to develop an energy rating system for windows and skylights so as to maintain maximum consistency between RESFEN and NFRCs planned energy rating system. Unlike previous versions of RESFEN that used regression equations to replicate a large database of computer simulations, Version 3.1 produces results based on actual hour-by-hour simulations. This approach has been facilitated by the exponential increase in the speed of personal computers in recent years. RESFEN 3.1 has the capability of analyzing the energy performance of windows in new residential buildings in 52 North American locations. The user describes the physical, thermal, and optical properties of the windows in each orientation, solar heat gain reductions due to obstructions, overhangs, or shades, and the location of the house. The RESFEN program then models a prototypical house for that location and calculates the energy use of the house using a well-known hourly computer simulation program. The user can vary the HVAC system, foundation type, and utility costs. Results are presented for the annual heating and cooling energy use, energy cost, and peak energy demand of the house and the incremental energy use or peak demand attributable to the windows in each orientation. This paper describes the capabilities of RESFEN 3.1, its usefulness in analyzing the energy performance of residential windows and its developmental effort and gives insight into the structure of the computer program. It also discusses the rationale and benefits of the approach taken in RESFEN in combining a simple-to-use graphical front-end with a detailed hour-by-hour "simulation engine" to produce an energy, analysis tool for the general public that is user friendly yet highly accurate. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, YJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 587 EP 598 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100053 ER PT B AU Berry, LG Gettings, MB AF Berry, LG Gettings, MB BE Geshwiler, M TI Realization rates of the National Energy Audit SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB Engineering estimates of savings resulting from installation of energy conservation measures in homes are often greater than the savings actually realized. A brief review of prior studies of realization rates prefaces this study of rates from an engineering audit tool, NEAT developed for the Department of Energy's Low-Income Weatherization Assistance Program and used in a New York state utility's low-income program. Estimates of metered and predicted savings are compared for 49 homes taken from a database of homes that participated in the first year of the utility program. Average realization rates ranging from 57% to 69% result, depending on the data quality. Detailed examinations of two houses using an alternative engineering method, the DOE-2 computer program (considered an industry standard), seem to indicate that the low realization rates mainly result from factors other than inaccuracies in the audit's internal algorithms. Causes of the low realization rates are examined, showing that the strongest single factor linked to the low rates in this study is the use of secondary heating fuels that supplement the primary heating fuel. This study, like other similar studies, concludes that engineering estimates are valuable tools in determining ranked lists of cost-effective weatherization measures, but they may not be accurate substitutes for measured results in evaluating program performance. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Berry, LG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 599 EP 606 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100054 ER PT B AU Desjarlais, AO Childs, KW Christian, JE AF Desjarlais, AO Childs, KW Christian, JE BE Geshwiler, M TI To storm or not to storm: Measurement method to quantify impact of exterior envelope airtightness on energy usage prior to construction SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB The purpose of this project was to devise a simple, experimentally validated method for quantifying the energy impacts of exterior envelope air leakage. Fourfull-size exterior envelope test specimens, two opaque wall systems and two fenestration systems, were built for determining simultaneous conductive and convective heat loss. The two opaque clear wall sections were metal-faced sandwich panel and cold formed steel frame. The steel frame system was a conventional lightweight cold formed steel-framed wall tested before and after foam air-sealing in the cavity prior to installing conventional fiberglass batts. The second opaque wall system was a metal panel system, which is used for commercial cold storage facilities as well as exterior curtain walls for multifamily residential and commercial buildings. The window systems were tested for energy loss both with and without the addition of storm windows. The measurements were made in a specially modified guarded hot box that can maintain both heat and mass flow across the test specimen. Thus, both heat and mass flow were measured. A proposed methodology for taking data from hot box tests and deriving a simple design tool suitable for inclusion in a simplified prediction tool (instrument) is presented, and the methodology is tested with data from the hot box measurements. Further envelope tests will be required since the limited number of systems tested are not sufficient to confirm the applicability of the proposed methodology. At this time the method has only been applied to a few different types of windows. The paper concludes that the methodology developed for quantifying the airtightness for windows is promising and proposes that additional opaque wall details be laboratory tested and the methodology expanded to the entire exterior envelope. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Desjarlais, AO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 607 EP 618 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100055 ER PT B AU Kosny, J Kossecka, E Desjarlais, AO Christian, JE AF Kosny, J Kossecka, E Desjarlais, AO Christian, JE BE Geshwiler, M TI Dynamic thermal performance of concrete and masonry walls SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB Modem, massive building envelope technologies (masonry and concrete systems) are gaining acceptance by builders today. All U.S. thermal building standards, including ASHRAE 90.1 and 90.2 and the Model Energy Code, are linked to the steady-state clear wall R-value. They also have separate requirements for high mass walls. Very often, only steady-state R-value is used as a measure of the steady-state thermal performance of the wall. This value does not reflect the dynamic thermal performance of massive building envelope systems. Proper application of thermal mass in buildings can be one of the most effective ways of reducing building heating and cooling loads. However these systems require application of dynamic thermal performance analysis. The dynamic thermal performance of a series of wall assemblies is analyzed in this paper Results should enable an approximate dynamic thermal performance evaluation for most popular massive walls. Also, some complex structures are analyzed. Normally, complex three-dimensional building envelope components cannot be accurately simulated using one-dimensional computer models such as DOE-2 or BLAST Typically, thermal modelers have to use simplified one-dimensional descriptions of complex walls, which may significantly reduce the accuracy of computer modeling. The application of a newly developed equivalent wall theory enabled accurate whole building dynamic energy analysis for complex three-dimensional wall material configurations. A new measure of the wall thermal dynamic performance is proposed in this paper-dynamic benefit for massive systems (DBMS). The thermal mass benefit is a function of the material configuration and climatic conditions. To enable wall performance comparisons, the "R-value equivalent for massive system" is used. The R-value equivalents for massive walls are obtained by comparison of the thermal performance of the massive walls and lightweight wood frame walls. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BTC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kosny, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BTC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI KOSSECKA, ELISABETH/A-3658-2008 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 629 EP 643 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100057 ER PT B AU Crawley, DB Lawrie, LK Pedersen, CO Liesen, RJ Fisher, DE Strand, RK Taylor, RD Winkelmann, FC Buhl, WF Erdem, AE Huang, YJ AF Crawley, DB Lawrie, LK Pedersen, CO Liesen, RJ Fisher, DE Strand, RK Taylor, RD Winkelmann, FC Buhl, WF Erdem, AE Huang, YJ BE Geshwiler, M TI Developing a new-generation building simulation tool in the United States SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB In 1995, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) began planning for a new generation of building simulation tools. As part of this planning activity, DOE created an inventory of DOE-sponsored tools in early 1996. By mid-1996, this work had evolved into a web-based directory with information on 50 software tools. Today the directory contains information on more than 125 tools from around the world. To inform the simulation tool planning efforts, DOE sponsored workshops in August 1995 and June 1996, inviting energy simulation developers and users. After the two workshops, DOE began defining the structure and capabilities of a new building energy simulation tool by building on experience with two well-known programs: DOE-2 and BLAST Development of the new program, EnergyPlus, started in early 1996 and release is planned for 2000. EnergyPlus is intended to replace both DOE-2 and BLAST. EnergyPlus will include innovative simulation features including variable time steps, built-in and external modular systems integrated with a heat and mass balance-based zone simulation, interzone airflow, and new ground heat transfer modules. This paper describes the structure Of the web-based tools directory, the results of the two workshops, the capabilities and structure of EnergyPlus, and DOE future plans for building simulation tools development. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Crawley, DB (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 699 EP 708 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100064 ER PT B AU Sordelet, DJ Besser, MF Kramer, MJ AF Sordelet, DJ Besser, MF Kramer, MJ BE Coddet, C TI Thermal spray quasicrystalline coatings Part 1: Relationships among processing, phase structure and splat morphology SO THERMAL SPRAY, VOLS 1 AND 2: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Thermal Spray Conference CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE SP CEA, Inst Polytechn Sevenans, Univ Limoges, Ecole Natl Super Mines Paris, Ecole Cent Lyon, Inst Soudure, Int Inst Welding, Select Comm Surfacing & Thermal Spraying, ASM, Thermal Spray Soc, German Welding Soc, High Temp Soc Japan AB A study was performed to examine the effects of starting powder composition, substrate thermal conductivity, and substrate temperature on the composition and structure of individual Al-Cu-Fe splats formed during thermal spraying. The fraction of quasicrystalline phase which formed was found to depend on the chemistry and solidification history of the splats. Due to evaporative loss of Al during spraying, an initial powder composition higher in Al produced splats closer to the desired composition, which yielded more of the quasicrystalline phase. Deposition onto lower thermal conductivity surfaces resulted in an increase in the quasicrystalline phase, as did solidification onto higher temperature substrates. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Plasma Spray Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sordelet, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Plasma Spray Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-659-8 PY 1998 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BL72E UT WOS:000076440700074 ER PT B AU Anderson, IE Sordelet, DJ Besser, MF Terpstra, RL AF Anderson, IE Sordelet, DJ Besser, MF Terpstra, RL BE Coddet, C TI Effects of powder morphology on pneumatic feeding and plasma spray deposition SO THERMAL SPRAY, VOLS 1 AND 2: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Thermal Spray Conference CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE SP CEA, Inst Polytechn Sevenans, Univ Limoges, Ecole Natl Super Mines Paris, Ecole Cent Lyon, Inst Soudure, Int Inst Welding, Select Comm Surfacing & Thermal Spraying, ASM, Thermal Spray Soc, German Welding Soc, High Temp Soc Japan AB The demand for highly continuous thermal spray deposition processing to gain manufacturing efficiency and enhanced control of deposition microstructure has driven the search for powder feedstocks that exhibit uniform flow behavior in pneumatic feeding devices even at a low carrier gas flow ratios. This paper compares the continuous powder feeding characteristics of one type of feeding device for two different powder alloys fabricated by a representative set of powder processing methods, including spray dried, fused (cast) and crushed, and inert gas atomized. Powders were fabricated by both commercial vendors and Ames Laboratory processing equipment. The powder mass flow rate was found to depend directly on the apparent density of a specific powder type instead of the dry powder flowability, as initially expected. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-659-8 PY 1998 BP 911 EP 916 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BL72E UT WOS:000076440700146 ER PT B AU Kameda, J Bloomer, TE Sakurai, S AF Kameda, J Bloomer, TE Sakurai, S BE Coddet, C TI In-service mechanical property degradation of CoCrAlY coatings in land-based gas turbine blades SO THERMAL SPRAY, VOLS 1 AND 2: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Thermal Spray Conference CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE SP CEA, Inst Polytechn Sevenans, Univ Limoges, Ecole Natl Super Mines Paris, Ecole Cent Lyon, Inst Soudure, Int Inst Welding, Select Comm Surfacing & Thermal Spraying, ASM, Thermal Spray Soc, German Welding Soc, High Temp Soc Japan AB This paper describes variations in the microstructure/composition and mechanical properties in plasma sprayed CoCrAlY coatings and a modified Rene 80 substrate of gas turbine blades operated for 21000 h under liquefied natural gas fuels. Substantial oxidation/carbonization occurred in near surface coatings of concave blades but not in convex coatings. Aluminum and nickel/titanium rich nitrides formed in concave coatings and substrates adjacent to the interface, respectively. Small punch (SP) specimens were prepared in order that the specimen surface would be located in the near surface and interface regions of the concave and convex coatings. In SP tests, brittle cracks in the near surface and interface coatings of the concave blade initiated at low strains up to 950 degrees C. The convex coatings had higher ductility than the concave coatings and substrate and showed a rapid increase in the ductility above 800 degrees C. Thus it is apparent that the oxidation/carbonization and nitridation in the concave coatings produced a significant loss of the ductility. The in-service degradation mechanism of the CoCrAlY coatings is discussed in light of the operating temperature distribution and compared to that of CoNiCrAlY coatings induced by grain boundary sulfidation/oxidation. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kameda, J (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-659-8 PY 1998 BP 981 EP 986 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BL72E UT WOS:000076440700156 ER PT B AU Castro, RG Kung, H Hollis, KJ Bartlett, AH AF Castro, RG Kung, H Hollis, KJ Bartlett, AH BE Coddet, C TI Molybdenum disilicide composites produced by plasma spraying SO THERMAL SPRAY, VOLS 1 AND 2: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Thermal Spray Conference CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE SP CEA, Inst Polytechn Sevenans, Univ Limoges, Ecole Natl Super Mines Paris, Ecole Cent Lyon, Inst Soudure, Int Inst Welding, Select Comm Surfacing & Thermal Spraying, ASM, Thermal Spray Soc, German Welding Soc, High Temp Soc Japan AB The intermetallic compound, molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) is being considered for high temperature structural applications because of its high melting point and superior oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. The lack of high temperature strength, creep resistance and low temperature ductility has hindered its progress for structural applications. Plasma spraying of coatings and structural components of MoSi2-based composites offers an exciting processing alternative to conventional powder processing methods due to superior flexibility and the ability to tailor properties. Laminate, discontinuous and in situ reinforced composites have been produced with secondary reinforcements of Ta, Al2O3, SiC, Si3N4 and Mo(5)gSi(3) Laminate composites, in particular, have been shown to improve the damage tolerance of MoSi2 during high temperature melting operations. A review of research which as been performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory on plasma spraying of MoSi2-based composites to improve low temperature fracture toughness, thermal shock resistance, high temperature strength and creep resistance will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Castro, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-659-8 PY 1998 BP 1199 EP 1204 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BL72E UT WOS:000076440700191 ER PT B AU Thoma, DJ Lewis, GK Milewski, JO Nemec, RB AF Thoma, DJ Lewis, GK Milewski, JO Nemec, RB BE Coddet, C TI Free-form processing of near-net shapes using directed light fabrication SO THERMAL SPRAY, VOLS 1 AND 2: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Thermal Spray Conference CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE SP CEA, Inst Polytechn Sevenans, Univ Limoges, Ecole Natl Super Mines Paris, Ecole Cent Lyon, Inst Soudure, Int Inst Welding, Select Comm Surfacing & Thermal Spraying, ASM, Thermal Spray Soc, German Welding Soc, High Temp Soc Japan AB Directed light fabrication (DLF) is a rapid fabrication process that fuses gas delivered metal powders within a focal zone of a laser beam to produce fully dense, near-net shape, 3-dimensional metal components from a computer generated solid model. Computer controls dictate the metal deposition pathways, and no preforms or molds are required to generate complex sample geometries with accurate and precise tolerances. The DLF technique offers unique advantages over conventional thermomechanical processes or thermal spray processes in that many labor and equipment intensive steps can be avoided to produce components with fully dense microstructures. Moreover, owing to the flexibility in power distributions of lasers, a variety of materials have been processed, ranging from aluminum alloys to tungsten, and including intermetallics such as Mo5Si3. Since DLF processing offers unique capabilities and advantages for the rapid fabrication of complex metal components, an examination of the microstructural development has been performed in order to define and optimize the processed materials. Solidification studies of DLF processing have demonstrated that a continuous liquid/solid interface is maintained while achieving high constant cooling rates that can be varied between 10 to 10(5) K s(-1) and solidification growth rates ranging up to 10(-2) m s(-1). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Thoma, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-659-8 PY 1998 BP 1205 EP 1210 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BL72E UT WOS:000076440700192 ER PT B AU Lewis, GK Milewski, JO Nemec, RB Thoma, DB AF Lewis, GK Milewski, JO Nemec, RB Thoma, DB BE Coddet, C TI Free form fabrication of metallic components using the directed light fabrication process SO THERMAL SPRAY, VOLS 1 AND 2: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Thermal Spray Conference CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE SP CEA, Inst Polytechn Sevenans, Univ Limoges, Ecole Natl Super Mines Paris, Ecole Cent Lyon, Inst Soudure, Int Inst Welding, Select Comm Surfacing & Thermal Spraying, ASM, Thermal Spray Soc, German Welding Soc, High Temp Soc Japan AB The Directed Light Fabrication (DLF) process uses a laser beam and metal powder, fed into the laser focal zone, to produce free-standing metal components that are fully dense and have structural properties equivalent to conventional metal forming processes. The motion of the laser focal zone is precisely controlled by a motion path produced from a 3-dimensional solid model of a desired component. The motion path commands move the focal zone of the laser such that all solid areas of the part are deposited and the part can be built (deposited) in its entirety to near net shape, typically within +/-0.13mm. The process is applicable to any metal or intermetallic. Full density and mechanical properties equivalent to conventionally processed material are achieved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lewis, GK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-659-8 PY 1998 BP 1357 EP 1362 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BL72E UT WOS:000076440700218 ER PT S AU Dinwiddie, RB Lee, KJ AF Dinwiddie, RB Lee, KJ BE Snell, JR Wurzbach, RN TI IR-camera methods for automotive brake system studies SO THERMOSENSE XX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XX CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE thermo-elastic instability; judder; automotive brakes; vibration; IR camera AB Automotive brake systems are energy conversion devices that convert kinetic energy into heat energy. Several mechanisms, mostly related to noise and vibration problems, can occur during brake operation and are often related to non-uniform temperature distribution on the brake disk. These problems are of significant cost to the industry and are a quality concern to automotive companies and brake system vendors. One such problem is thermo-elastic instabilities in brake systems. During the occurrence of these instabilities several localized hot spots will form around the circumferential direction of the brake disk. The temperature distribution and the time dependence of these hot spots, a critical factor in analyzing this problem and in developing a fundamental understanding of this phenomenon, were recorded. Other modes of non-uniform temperature distributions which include hot banding and extreme localized heating were also observed. All of these modes of non-uniform temperature distributions were observed on automotive brake systems using a high speed infrared camera operating in snapshot mode. The camera was synchronized with the rotation of the brake disk so that the time evolution of hot regions could be studied. This paper discusses the experimental approach in detail. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dinwiddie, RB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 4515, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2810-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3361 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.304744 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BL17D UT WOS:000074540100008 ER PT S AU Sopori, BL Chen, W Alleman, J Matson, R Ravindra, NM Tan, TY AF Sopori, BL Chen, W Alleman, J Matson, R Ravindra, NM Tan, TY BE Jones, ED Kalejs, J Noufi, R Sopori, B TI Grain enhancement of polycrystalline silicon films aided by optical excitation SO THIN-FILM STRUCTURES FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Structures for Photovoltaics, at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB A new technique for making large-grain thin Si films is described in which optical excitation is used to enhance the grain growth. Grain sizes much larger than the film thickness can be obtained at low temperatures and in short process times. This method is well suited for making thin-film Si solar cells on low-temperature substrates. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, BL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-390-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 485 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BL32Z UT WOS:000075186800015 ER PT S AU Sopori, BL Chen, W Madjdpour, J Symko, M AF Sopori, BL Chen, W Madjdpour, J Symko, M BE Jones, ED Kalejs, J Noufi, R Sopori, B TI A thin-film silicon solar cell: Design and processing approach SO THIN-FILM STRUCTURES FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Structures for Photovoltaics, at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We present a new device structure for a high efficiency, thin-film, silicon solar cell. A preliminary design and an approach for fabrication of such a cell are discussed. The cell structure uses interface texturing and a back surface reflector for effective light trapping. A theoretical analysis is applied to determine the major parameters of the cell. These analyses indicate that a cell efficiency of about 18% is attainable with a Si film thickness of 10-15 mu m, and grain size of about 50 mu m. A method for making a large-grain thin cell is proposed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, BL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-390-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 485 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BL32Z UT WOS:000075186800016 ER PT S AU Ramanathan, K Wiesner, H Asher, S Niles, D Webb, J Keane, J Noufi, R AF Ramanathan, K Wiesner, H Asher, S Niles, D Webb, J Keane, J Noufi, R BE Jones, ED Kalejs, J Noufi, R Sopori, B TI A study of the CdS/CuIn(Ga)Se-2 interface in thin film solar cells SO THIN-FILM STRUCTURES FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Structures for Photovoltaics, at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB In this paper we describe our research efforts directed towards the understanding of the CdS/CuInGaSe2 junctions and, specifically, the interaction of the chemical bath with the CuInGaSe2 (CIGS). We find that Cd and S diffuse into the absorber during the CdS growth. Heating the absorbers in Cd partial baths resuled in a significant improvement in the ZnO/CIGS device properties. Photoluminescence measurements indicate that the effect of Cd is very similar to that of CBD CdS. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ramanathan, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-390-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 485 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BL32Z UT WOS:000075186800019 ER PT S AU Niles, DW Ramanathan, K Granata, J Hasoon, F Noufi, R Tielsch, BJ Fulghum, JE AF Niles, DW Ramanathan, K Granata, J Hasoon, F Noufi, R Tielsch, BJ Fulghum, JE BE Jones, ED Kalejs, J Noufi, R Sopori, B TI Na impurity chemistry in photovoltaic CIGS thin-films: An investigation with photo- and Auger electron spectroscopies SO THIN-FILM STRUCTURES FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Structures for Photovoltaics, at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The incorporation of Na into Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2 thin-films is known to lead to an improvement in device performance. The authors use X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopies to determine the chemical nature of Na in Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2 thin-films. The Na concentration is determined to be similar to 0.1 atomic percent in the bulk of Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2 thin-films. The Na is chemically bonded to Se. The authors propose a model invoking the replacement of column III elements by Na during the growth of Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2 thin-films. These Na-In and Na-Ga defects act as acceptor states to increase the p-type conductivity of Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2 thin-films. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Niles, DW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-390-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 485 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BL32Z UT WOS:000075186800029 ER PT S AU Levi, DH Woods, LM Albin, DS Gessert, TA Niles, DW Swartzlander, A Rose, DH Ahrenkiel, RK Sheldon, P AF Levi, DH Woods, LM Albin, DS Gessert, TA Niles, DW Swartzlander, A Rose, DH Ahrenkiel, RK Sheldon, P BE Jones, ED Kalejs, J Noufi, R Sopori, B TI Effects of back contact treatments on junction photoluminescence CdTe/CdS solar cells SO THIN-FILM STRUCTURES FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Structures for Photovoltaics, at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Device performance in CdTe/CdS solar cells is critically linked to the quality of the back contact. In this paper we report on a phenomenon wherein application of the back contact significantly alters the electro-optical properties of the absorber near the junction. We have studied the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the near-junction CdTe region in CdTe/CdS solar cells before and after contact application. It is found that the elemental Tellurium layer formed on the CdTe surface by the standard nitric-phosphoric etch process results in a dramatic qualitative change in the junction PL spectrum. Prior to NP etch, the spectrum has two peaks at energies of 1.50 eV and 1.45 eV, corresponding to recombination in bulk CdTe, and in a CdTeS alloy with 9% sulfur content, respectively. After NP etch, the relative intensity of the low-energy peak is reduced, and the peak shifts towards higher energy. These changes are consistent with a model of increased band-bending at the grain boundaries near the CdTe/CdS heterojunction. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levi, DH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-390-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 485 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BL32Z UT WOS:000075186800034 ER PT S AU Albin, D Dhere, R Swartzlander-Guest, A Rose, D Li, X Levi, D Niles, D Moutinho, H Matson, R Sheldon, P AF Albin, D Dhere, R Swartzlander-Guest, A Rose, D Li, X Levi, D Niles, D Moutinho, H Matson, R Sheldon, P BE Jones, ED Kalejs, J Noufi, R Sopori, B TI Interface reactions in CdTe solar cell processing SO THIN-FILM STRUCTURES FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Structures for Photovoltaics, at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Currently, the best performing CdS/CdTe solar cells use a superstrate structure in which CdTe is deposited on a heated CdS/SnO2/Glass substrate. In the close-spaced-sublimation (CSS) process, substrate temperatures in the range 550 degrees C to 620 degrees C are common. Understanding how these high processing temperatures impact reactions at the CdS/CdTe interface in addition to reactions between previously deposited layers is critical. At the SnO2/CdS interface we have determined that SnO2 can be susceptible to reduction, particularly in H-2 ambients. Room-temperature sputtered SnO2 shows the most susceptibility. In contrast, higher growth temperature chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SnO2 appears to be much more stable. Elimination of unstable SnO2 layers, and the substitution of thermal treatments for H-2 anneals has produced total-area solar conversion efficiencies of 13.6% using non-optimized SnO2 substrates and chemical-bath deposited (CBD) CdS. Alloying and interdiffusion at the CdS/CdTe interface was studied using a new lift-off approach which allows enhanced compositional and structural analysis at the interface. Small-grained CdS, grown by a low-temperature CBD process, results in more CdTe1-xSx alloying (x=12-13%) relative to larger-grained CdS grown by high-temperature CSS (x similar to 2-3%). Interdiffusion of S and Te at the interface, measured with lift-off samples, appears to be inversely proportional to the amount of oxygen used during the CSS CdTe deposition. Our highest efficiency to date using CSS-grown CdS is 10.7% and was accomplished by eliminating oxygen during the CdTe deposition. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Albin, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-390-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 485 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BL32Z UT WOS:000075186800035 ER PT S AU Riker, GM Al-Jassim, MM Hasoon, FS AF Riker, GM Al-Jassim, MM Hasoon, FS BE Jones, ED Kalejs, J Noufi, R Sopori, B TI The characterization of chemical bath deposited CdS on single crystal InP substrates SO THIN-FILM STRUCTURES FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Structures for Photovoltaics, at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have investigated CdS thin films as possible passivating window layers for InP. The films were deposited on single crystal InP by chemical bath deposition (CBD). The film thickness, as optically determined by ellipsometry, was varied from 500 to 840 Angstrom. The film morphology was investigated by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas the film microstructure was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Most of the films were fine-grained polycrystalline CdS, with some deposition conditions resulting in epitaxial growth. Cross-sectional TEM examination revealed the presence of interface contaminants. The effect of such contaminants on the film morphology and microstructure was studied, and various approaches for InP surface cleaning/treatment were investigated. The epitaxial films were determined to be hexagonal on both the (111) and (100) InP substrates; however, they were heavily faulted. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Riker, GM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-390-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 485 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BL32Z UT WOS:000075186800046 ER PT S AU Hay, JC Pharr, GM AF Hay, JC Pharr, GM BE Cammarata, RC Nastasi, M Busso, EP Oliver, WC TI Critical issues in measuring the mechanical properties of hard films on soft substrates by nanoindentation techniques SO THIN-FILMS - STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties VII at the MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB This study explores the difficulties encountered when using conventional nanoindentation techniques to measure the Young's modulus and hardness of hard films on soft substrates. In general, the indentation measurement of film/substrate systems is affected by four material properties: the Young's modulus and hardness of the film, and the Young's modulus and hardness of the substrate. For the particular case of a hard film on a soft substrate, there is a tendency for the material around the hardness impression to sink-in which results from the large difference in yielding of the two materials. In this study, a 'model system consisting of NiP on annealed Cu was used to explore the behavior. This system is interesting because the film and substrate have similar Young's moduli, minimizing the elastic behavior as a variable. In contrast, the hardness of NiP is approximately 7-8 GPa, and that of the annealed copper is less than 1 GPa, providing a factor of 10 difference in the plastic flow characteristics. Experimental results indicate that standard analytical methods for determining the contact depth, hardness and Young's modulus do not work well for the case of a hard film on a soft substrate. At shallow contact depths, the measured indentation modulus is close to that of the film, but at larger depths sink-in phenomena result in an overestimation of the contact area, and an indentation modulus which is less than the Young's modulus of both the film and substrate. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provide critical details of the physical processes involved, and illustrate how the standard data analyses overestimate the true contact area. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hay, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6118, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-410-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 505 BP 65 EP 70 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL54X UT WOS:000075849800009 ER PT S AU Schneider, JA McCarty, KF Heffelfinger, JR Moody, NR AF Schneider, JA McCarty, KF Heffelfinger, JR Moody, NR BE Cammarata, RC Nastasi, M Busso, EP Oliver, WC TI Practical limitations to indentation testing of thin films SO THIN-FILMS - STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties VII at the MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB A method that is becoming increasingly common for measuring the mechanical behavior of thin films is low-load indentation testing. However, there can be complications in interpreting the results as many factors can affect hardness and moduli measurements such as surface roughness and determination of the indentation contact area. To further our understanding, the mechanical properties of thin (50 nm) films of AlN on sapphire substrates were evaluated using a scanning force microscopy (SFM) based pico-indentation device to allow imaging of the surface and indentations. Our primary emphasis was the types of problems or limitations involved in testing very thin, as deposited films in which properties are desired over indentation depths less than 50 nm. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schneider, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012 OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-410-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 505 BP 91 EP 96 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL54X UT WOS:000075849800013 ER PT S AU Bartelt, MC Hoyt, JJ Bartelt, NC Dike, JJ Wolfer, WG AF Bartelt, MC Hoyt, JJ Bartelt, NC Dike, JJ Wolfer, WG BE Cammarata, RC Nastasi, M Busso, EP Oliver, WC TI Million-line failure distributions for narrow interconnects SO THIN-FILMS - STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties VII at the MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We examine the distribution of failure times in a simple and computationally efficient, yet reasonably authentic, model of interconnect reliability that allows consideration of statistically significant samples. The model includes an approximate description of the distribution of grain sizes and texture in narrow interconnects, an effective treatment of stress evolution associated with mass transport along grain boundaries, and local relaxation of stresses due to void formation. Failure time distributions for populations of idealized structures are analyzed to aid in interpretation of model behavior. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bartelt, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-410-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 505 BP 123 EP 130 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL54X UT WOS:000075849800017 ER PT S AU Moody, NR Medlin, D Boehme, D Norwood, D AF Moody, NR Medlin, D Boehme, D Norwood, D BE Cammarata, RC Nastasi, M Busso, EP Oliver, WC TI Aging effects on the durability of tantalum nitride films SO THIN-FILMS - STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties VII at the MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB In this study, nanoindentation and nanoscratch testing were used to determine the effects of annealing and long term aging on the properties and fracture resistance of thin tantalum nitride resistor films on aluminum nitride substrates. These films were sputter-deposited to a thickness of 440 nm. Some films were left in the as-deposited condition while others were annealed or annealed and then aged. X-ray diffraction revealed that sputter deposition created high compressive residual stresses in the as-deposited films which were partially relieved by annealing. Subsequent aging of the annealed films had no effect on residual stress levels. Nanoindentation showed that mechanical properties were unchanged after annealing and after annealing and aging. However, nanoscratch testing showed that annealing markedly reduced the susceptibility to catastrophic failure with no further changes discernible after aging. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moody, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-410-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 505 BP 173 EP 178 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL54X UT WOS:000075849800024 ER PT S AU Baker, NP Walter, KC Nastasi, M AF Baker, NP Walter, KC Nastasi, M BE Cammarata, RC Nastasi, M Busso, EP Oliver, WC TI Improved tribological behavior of boron implanted Ti-6Al-4V SO THIN-FILMS - STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties VII at the MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Previous research has compared the mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V implanted with nitrogen using the plasma source ion immersion process and Ti6Al4V implanted with boron using the beamline process [1]. Although the nitrogen implanted Ti6Al4V had superior wear resistance it was concluded that the wear resistance of boron implanted Ti6Al4V might be improved to comparable levels if boron were implanted at lower energies to increase the concentration of boron at the surface. Boron implantation of Ti6Al4V has been conducted at combinations of 32 and 40 keV to supplement that done previously at 75 keV. Shallower boron depth profiles with higher H-concentrations in the Ti64 surface have been obtained by tailoring the combinations of ion energy and dose. This work used three different ion energy and dose combinations of 4x10(17) B-at/cm(2) at 40 keV plus 2x10(17) B-at/cm(2) at 32 keV, 4x10(17) B-at/cm(2) at 40 keV, and 4x10(17) B-at/cm(2) at 32 keV plus 2x10(17) B-at/cm(2) at 40 keV. Comparisons are made between Ti6Al4V with a shallow implanted boron depth profile, Ti6Al4V with a deeper boron depth profile and nitrogen implanted using a plasma source ion implantation process. It has been previously shown that while boron implanted Ti64 has a similar to 30% higher surface hardness than nitrogen implanted Ti64, the N-implantation reduced the wear coefficient of Ti64 by 25-120x, while B-implantation reduced the wear coefficient by 6.5x or less. The results show that no significant improvement is made in the wear resistance of boron implanted Ti6Al4V by increasing the concentration of boron at the surface from approximately 10% to 43%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area diffraction (SAD) indicated the formation of crystalline TiB in the implanted surface layer. Shallower depth profiles result in reductions of the Ti6Al4V wear coefficient by 6.5x or less which is the same result obtained earlier with the deeper boron depth profile. Surface hardness of Ti6Al4V with shallower boron depth profiles was improved approximately 10% compared to the results previously acquired with deeper boron depth profiles. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-K762, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-410-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 505 BP 343 EP 348 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL54X UT WOS:000075849800050 ER PT S AU Misra, A Kung, H Mitchell, TE Jervis, TR Nastasi, M AF Misra, A Kung, H Mitchell, TE Jervis, TR Nastasi, M BE Cammarata, RC Nastasi, M Busso, EP Oliver, WC TI Microstructures and mechanical properties of sputtered Cu/Cr multilayers SO THIN-FILMS - STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties VII at the MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The microstructures and mechanical properties of Cu/Cr multilayers prepared by sputtering onto {100} Si substrates at room temperature are presented. The films exhibit columnar grain microstructures with nanoscale grain sizes. The interfaces are planar and abrupt with no intermixing, as expected from the phase diagram. The multilayers tend to adopt a Kurdjumov-Sachs (KS) orientation relationship: {110}Cr // {111}Cu, [111]Cr // [110]Cu. The hardness of the multilayered structures, as measured by nanoindentation, increase with decreasing layer thickness for layer thicknesses ranging from 200 nm to 50 nm, whereas for lower thicknesses the hardness of the multilayers is independent of the layer thickness. Dislocation-based models are used to interpret the variation of hardness with layer periodicity. The possible effects of factors such as grain size within the layers, density and composition of films and residual stress in the multilayers are highlighted. Comparisons are made to the mechanical properties of sputtered polycrystalline Cu/Nb multilayers which, like Cu/Cr, exhibit sharp fcc/bcc interfaces with no intermixing and a KS orientation relationship, but have a small shear modulus mismatch. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Misra, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-410-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 505 BP 583 EP 588 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL54X UT WOS:000075849800087 ER PT S AU Kant, A Drory, MD Moody, NR MoberlyChan, WJ Ager, JW Ritchie, RO AF Kant, A Drory, MD Moody, NR MoberlyChan, WJ Ager, JW Ritchie, RO BE Cammarata, RC Nastasi, M Busso, EP Oliver, WC TI Microstructural effects on the hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of CVD diamond SO THIN-FILMS - STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties VII at the MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) polycrystalline diamond have been investigated on several thick (similar to 100 mu m) free-standing films with regard to the grain size, impurity content and failure mechanisms. Micro-hardness measurements using Vickers indentation, in conjunction with Young's modulus measurement techniques such as nano-indentation, were employed to estimate the indentation fracture toughness. The toughness of CVD diamond was increased through the addition of non-diamond carbon, which promoted intergranular fracture and enhanced the toughness by grain bridging. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kant, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-410-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 505 BP 611 EP 616 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL54X UT WOS:000075849800091 ER PT B AU Covan, JM Cooper, JA AF Covan, JM Cooper, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Predictable safety in the control of high consequence systems SO THIRD IEEE INTERNATIONAL HIGH-ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International High-Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium CY NOV 13-14, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc AB Many industries transmit large amounts of energy under the control of safety critical systems. Inadvertent release of energy by such systems can result in negative high consequences. This paper describes a principle-based strategy for preventing inadvertent release due to normal operational stresses or abnormal (e.g., accident) stresses. The safety principles, developed but Sandia National Laboratories for imbedding detonation safety in nuclear weapons, include isolation, inoperability and incompatibility: These principles will be defined in the paper They are illustrated and contrasted to conventional practice via the application to a gas furnace control system. C1 Sandia Corp, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Covan, JM (reprint author), Sandia Corp, Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0490, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-9221-9 PY 1998 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1109/HASE.1998.731612 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM28Q UT WOS:000078269600024 ER PT B AU Lusk, E AF Lusk, E GP IEEE IEEE TI MPI-2: Standards beyond the message-passing model SO THIRD WORKING CONFERENCE ON MASSIVELY PARALLEL PROGRAMMING MODELS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Working Conference on Massively Parallel Programming Models (MPPM97) CY NOV 12-14, 1997 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Fujitsu European Ctr Informat Technol (FECIT) AB The MPI (Message-Passing interface) Standard has been successful in its goal of promoting portable parallel programming far both application writers and library implementors. MPI-I confined itself to the well-known and understood message-passing model, in which a fixed number of processes with separate address spaces communicate only though cooperative operations such as send/receive or collective operations such as broadcast and reduce. In a second round of activity, the MPI Forum has recently concluded work on the MPI-2 Standard, which extends MPI beyond the message-passing programming model in a number of ways, including dynamic process management, one-sided operations, and some shared-memory operations. The message-passing model has also been used in MPI-2 as a model for parallel I/O. This paper describes the salient features of the MPI-2 Standard with special emphasis on the programming model that results from these extensions to the message-passing model. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lusk, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8427-5 PY 1998 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1109/MPPM.1997.715960 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BM17N UT WOS:000077910500005 ER PT B AU Gropp, WD AF Gropp, WD GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance driven programming models SO THIRD WORKING CONFERENCE ON MASSIVELY PARALLEL PROGRAMMING MODELS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Working Conference on Massively Parallel Programming Models (MPPM97) CY NOV 12-14, 1997 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Fujitsu European Ctr Informat Technol (FECIT) AB Most projections for high-performance, massively parallel processors (MPPs) include deep and complex memory hierarchies. Making efficient use of these systems will require making efficient use of these memory hierarchies, without sacrificing the advancements that have been made in algorithms. efficient programming models were developed for vector computers, particularly the memory system structure, providing high performance. Where are the programming models for MPPs? Much effort has gone into automatic programming systems, such as parallelizing compilers for existing languages and new languages expressing concurrency. Unfortunately, these have rarely led to programs that can achieve near-peak performance. In this paper, we review the issues and some current approaches and suggest some new memory-oriented programming models. The development of these models is essential, because, just as with vector computing, the programming model can strongly influence the new algorithms that are needed for high-performance applications on massively parallel processors. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gropp, WD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8427-5 PY 1998 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BM17N UT WOS:000077910500007 ER PT B AU Pesaran, AA Russell, DJ Crawford, JW Rehn, R Lewis, EA AF Pesaran, AA Russell, DJ Crawford, JW Rehn, R Lewis, EA BE Frank, HA Seo, ET TI A unique calorimeter-cycler for evaluating high-power battery modules SO THIRTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 13-16, 1998 CL CALIF STATE UNIV, LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP Calif State Univ, Long Beach, Coll Engn, Adv Lead Acid Battery Consortium, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Electrochem Soc Inc, Independent Battery Manufacturers Assoc Inc, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Int Cadmium Assoc, N Amer, So Calif Edison Co, Batteries Int Ltd, Business Commun Co Inc, Darnell Grp, Int Battery Technol Inc, Intertec Int Inc, ITE JEC Press Inc, 7 Mountains Sci Inc HO CALIF STATE UNIV, LONG BEACH AB Battery thermal management is critical for high-power battery packs commonly used in electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). To design battery thermal management systems properly, obtaining accurate heat generation data from battery modules is essential. To measure heat generation from full-size, multiple-cell battery modules, we developed and tested a custom-made calorimeter far large modules. Battery modules with dimensions up to 21 cm x 39 cm in cross section and 20 cm in height can be placed in the cavity of the calorimeter for measuring heat generation rates from 1 W to 100 W with the battery operating at -30 degrees C to +60 degrees C. The instrument is capable of measuring heat effects as small as 10 joules with accuracy of 5%. A state-of-the-art high power battery cycler is used to cycle the modules in the calorimeter This paper provides a description of the calorimeter, calibration test results on its performance, and test results from a module simulating a HEV lead-acid battery. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pesaran, AA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4098-1 PY 1998 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1109/BCAA.1998.653854 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK54D UT WOS:000072520900025 ER PT B AU Marathe, MV Hunt, HB Rosenkrantz, DJ Stearns, RE AF Marathe, MV Hunt, HB Rosenkrantz, DJ Stearns, RE GP IEEE IEEE TI Theory of periodically specified problems: Complexity and approximability SO THIRTEENTH ANNUAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity CY JUN 15-18, 1998 CL BUFFALO, NY SP IEEE, Comp Soc Tech Comm Math Fdn Comp, Univ Buffalo AB We study the complexity and the efficient approximability of graph and satisfiability problems when specified using various kinds of periodic specifications studied in [Or82a, HT95, Wa93, HW94, Wa93, MH+94]. We obtain two general results. First, we characterize rite complexities of several basic generalized CNF satisfiability problems SAT(S) [Sc78], when instances are specified using various kinds of 1- and 2-dimensional periodic specifications [Or82a, Wa93, HW94, HW95, CM91, CM93]. We outline how this characterization carl be used to prove a number of new hardness results for periodically specified problems for various complexity classes. As one corollary, we show that a number of basic NP-hard problems become EXPSPACE-hard when inputs are represented using I-dimensional infinite periodic wide specifications, thereby answering an open question in [Or82a]. Second, we outline a simple yet a general technique to devise approximation algorithms with provable worst case performance guarantees for a number of combinatorial problems specified periodically. Our efficient approximation algorithms and schemes are based on extensions of the ideas in [Ba83,HM85,MN+94]. They provide the first nontrivial collection of natural NEXPTIME-hard problems that have an epsilon-approximation (or PTAS). C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Marathe, MV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8396-1 PY 1998 BP 106 EP 118 DI 10.1109/CCC.1998.694596 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL34G UT WOS:000075209600012 ER PT S AU Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE Thompson, PA AF Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE Thompson, PA BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Three-dimensional SAR imaging using cross-track coherent stereo collections SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we describe a new method for creating three-dimensional images using pairs of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images obtained from a unique collection geometry This collection mode involves synthetic apertures that have a common center. In this sense the illumination directions for the two SAR images are the same, while the slant planes are at different spatial orientations. The slant plane orientations give rise to cross-range layover (foreshortening) components in the two images that are of equal magnitude but opposite directions. This differential cross-range layover is therefore proportional to the elevation of a given target, which is completely analogous to the situation irt stereo optical imaging, wherein two film planes (corresponding to the two slant planes) result in elevation-dependent parallax. Because the two SAR collections are coherent in this particular collection mode, the images have the same speckle patterns throughout. As a result, the images may be placed into stereo correspondence via calculation of correlations between micro-patches of the complex image data. The resulting computed digital stereo elevation map can be quite accurate. Alternatively, art analog anaglyph can be displayed for 3-D viewing. avoiding the necessity of the stereo correspondence calculation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jakowatz, CV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 1199 EP 1203 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800224 ER PT S AU Mosher, JC Leahy, RM AF Mosher, JC Leahy, RM BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Source localization using recursively applied and projected (RAP) MUSIC SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB A new method for source localization is described that is based on a modification of the well-known MUSIC algorithm. In classical MUSIC, the array manifold vector is projected onto an estimate of the signal subspace, but errors in the estimate can make location of multiple sources difficult. Recursively applied and projected (RAP) MUSIC uses each successively located source to form an intermediate array gain matrix, and projects both the array manifold and the signal subspace estimate into its orthogonal complement. The MUSIC projection is then performed in this reduced subspace. Using the metric of principal angles, we describe a general form of the RAP-MUSIC algorithm for the case of diversely polarized sources. Through a uniform linear array simulation, we demonstrate the improved Monte Carlo performance of RAP-MUSIC relative to MUSIC and Mo other sequential subspace methods, S and IES-MUSIC. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp P21, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mosher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp P21, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 1302 EP 1306 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800244 ER PT S AU Waters, M McDonald, J AF Waters, M McDonald, J BE Sprague, RH TI Explorer at Los Alamos: A library for the future SO THIRTY-FIRST HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, VOL. II: DIGITAL DOCUMENTS TRACK SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-31) CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL KOHALA COAST, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm AB Since 1993, Los Alamos National Laboratory has been developing World Wide Web (WWW) applications to facilitate access to vast quantities of information critical to the successful operation of a nuclear weapons facility. Explorer is a web-based tool that integrates full-text search and retrieval technology, custom user interfaces, user-friendly navigation tools, extremely large document collections, and data collection and workflow applications. Explorer's first major thrust was to enable quick access to regulatory and policy information used by Department of Energy facilities throughout the country. Today, Explorer users can easily search document collections containing millions of pages of information, scattered across Web sites around the country. Over fifteen large applications containing multiple collections are searchable through Explorer, and the subject areas range from DOE regulations to quality management-related resources to technology transfer opportunities. Explorer has succeeded because it provides quick and easy access to stored data across the Web; it saves time and reduces costs in comparison with traditional information distribution, access, and retrieval methods. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 0-8186-8255-8 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 1998 BP 141 EP 147 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA BK43D UT WOS:000072156400016 ER PT S AU de Solorzano, GO Gonzalez, V Santos, A del Pozo, F AF de Solorzano, GO Gonzalez, V Santos, A del Pozo, F BE Cogswell, CJ Conchello, JA Lerner, JM Lu, T Wilson, T Katzir, A TI Two-dimensional defocusing correction using artificial neural nets SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL MICROSCOPY: IMAGE ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING V, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on 3-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy - Image Acquisition and Processing V CY JAN 27-29, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Santa Barbara Instrument Grp, Kaiser Opt Syst Inc DE image restoration; focus correction; neural networks AB The aim of this work is to show that properly trained Artificial Neural Nets (ANN) can be used as an image restoration tool to correct the effect of defocusing on 2D optical microscopy images. The proposed method can be applied to correct the results of inaccurate range focusing algorithms on fully automated imaging and analysis systems and to compensate the effect of the limited of the depth of focusing on high numerical aperture system. One type of ANN was used : Feedforward Multilayer Perceptron, with supervised backpropagation training. Its performance has been tested with both synthetic images (artificially defocused) and real images (in-focus and out-of-focus) from latex microspheres. The network was trained with sets of pairs of images : each pair consisted of a defocused image and its corresponding in-focus version. Different levels of defocusing were used. The criteria used to select the algorithm parameters to tune the networks and to train them will be presented. The results of the experiments performed to test their ability to 'learn' to correct the defocusing and to generalize the results will also be shown. The results show that, when trained with images with some levels of defocusing, the network was able to learn and accurately correct these defocusing levels, but it can also generalize the results and correct other levels of defocusing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Solorzano, GO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Santos, Andres/C-4012-2009; DEL POZO GUERRERO, FRANCISCO/H-6668-2015 OI Santos, Andres/0000-0001-7423-9135; DEL POZO GUERRERO, FRANCISCO/0000-0001-9919-9125 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2700-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3261 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.310546 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BL26U UT WOS:000074939600015 ER PT S AU Goddard, JS Abidi, MA AF Goddard, JS Abidi, MA BE Ellson, RN Nurre, JH TI Pose and motion estimation using dual quaternion-based extended Kalman filtering SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE CAPTURE AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on 3-Dimensional Image Capture and Applications CY JAN 27-28, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn, IS&T Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE pose estimation; motion estimation; iterated extended Kalman filter; dual quaternion; line features AB A solution to the remote three-dimensional (3-D) measurement problem is presented for a dynamic system given a sequence of two-dimensional (2-D) intensity images of a moving object. The 3-D transformation is modeled as a nonlinear stochastic system with the state estimate providing the six-degree-of-freedom motion and position values as well as structure. The stochastic model uses the iterated extended Kalman filter (IEKF) as a nonlinear estimator and a screw representation of the 3-D transformation based on dual quaternions. Dual quaternions, whose elements are dual numbers, provide a means to represent both rotation and translation in a unified notation. Linear object features, represented as dual vectors, are transformed using the dual quaternion transformation and are then projected to linear features in the image plane. The method has been implemented and tested with both simulated and actual experimental data. Simulation results are provided, along with comparisons to a point-based IEKF method using rotation and translation, to show the relative advantages of this method. Experimental results from testing using a camera mounted on the end effector of a robot arm are also given. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goddard, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2753-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3313 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1117/12.302453 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK71M UT WOS:000073193100021 ER PT S AU McMahan, AK Klepeis, JE AF McMahan, AK Klepeis, JE BE Turchi, PEA Gonis, A Colombo, L TI Ab initio calculation of tight-binding parameters SO TIGHT-BINDING APPROACH TO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tight-Binding Approach to Computational Materials Science at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP CNR, Grp Nazl Struttura Mat, Ente Nazl Nuoue Technol Energia Ed Ambiente, Hewlett Packard Lab, Palo Alto, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Stuttgart, Mat Res Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Univ Milan, Dept Mat Sci AB We calculate ab initio values of tight-binding parameters for the S-electron metal Ce and various phases of Si, from local-density functional one-electron Hamiltonian and overlap matrix elements. Our approach allows us to unambiguously test the validity of the common minimal basis and two-center approximations as well as to determine the degree of transferability of both nonorthogonal and orthogonal hopping parameters in the cases considered. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McMahan, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-396-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 491 BP 199 EP 210 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mathematics; Physics GA BK86F UT WOS:000073689900019 ER PT S AU Wang, CZ Pan, BC Tang, MS Haas, H Sigalas, M Lee, GD Ho, KM AF Wang, CZ Pan, BC Tang, MS Haas, H Sigalas, M Lee, GD Ho, KM BE Turchi, PEA Gonis, A Colombo, L TI Environment-dependent tight-binding potential model SO TIGHT-BINDING APPROACH TO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tight-Binding Approach to Computational Materials Science at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP CNR, Grp Nazl Struttura Mat, Ente Nazl Nuoue Technol Energia Ed Ambiente, Hewlett Packard Lab, Palo Alto, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Stuttgart, Mat Res Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Univ Milan, Dept Mat Sci AB We have developed a tight-binding model which goes beyond the traditional two-center approximation and allows the tight-binding parameters to scale according to the bonding environment. Our studies show that this environment-dependent tight-binding model improves remarkably the accuracy and transferability of the potential to describe the structures and properties of higher coordinated metallic systems in addition to those of low coordinated covalent systems. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-396-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 491 BP 211 EP 220 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mathematics; Physics GA BK86F UT WOS:000073689900020 ER PT S AU Larson, BC AF Larson, BC BE Freund, AK Freund, HP Howells, MR TI X-ray scattering applications using pulsed x-ray sources SO TIME STRUCTURE OF X-RAY SOURCES AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time Structure of X-Ray Sources and Its Applications CY JUL 23-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; LASER-SHOCKED CRYSTALS; PIXEL ARRAY DETECTOR; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; DIFFRACTION; PHOTOLYSIS; DYNAMICS; LAYERS; MODE AB Pulsed x-ray sources have been used in transient structural phenomena investigations for over fifty years; however, until the advent of synchrotron sources and the development of table-top picosecond lasers, general access to high temporal resolution x-ray diffraction was relatively limited. Advances in diffraction techniques, sample excitation schemes, and detector systems, in addition to increased access to pulsed sources, have led to what is now a diverse and growing array of pulsed-source measurement applications. A survey of time-resolved investigations using pulsed x-ray sources is presented and research opportunities using both present and planned pulsed x-ray sources are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Larson, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2906-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3451 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.331844 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BM32T UT WOS:000078392900002 ER PT S AU Leemans, WP Schroeder, CB Lee, PB Wurtele, JS Esarey, E AF Leemans, WP Schroeder, CB Lee, PB Wurtele, JS Esarey, E BE Freund, AK Freund, HP Howells, MR TI Ultrashort x-ray pulse generation using laser driven accelerators SO TIME STRUCTURE OF X-RAY SOURCES AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time Structure of X-Ray Sources and Its Applications CY JUL 23-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE laser; plasma; acceleration; wakefield; x-ray ID 90-DEGREES THOMSON SCATTERING; ELECTRON PULSES; INJECTION; BEAMS; BUNCH AB The generation of ultra-short x-ray pulses from femtosecond electron bunches, produced with laser driven plasma based accelerators, is discussed. The proposed accelerator relies on standard laser wakefield excitation by a high power ultra-short laser drive pulse in a plasma. Femtosecond duration electron bunches are produced through laser triggered injection using the colliding laser pulse scheme. Numerical simulations of test particles, with prescribed plasma and laser fields, indicate that for a 5 TW laser drive pulse the wakefield acceleration scheme has the capability to produce relativistic (10's of MeV's) electron bunches over an acceleration length equal to the diffraction distance of the laser beam. The colliding pulse offers the possibility to produce femtosecond long electron bunches with peak currents on the order of a kilo Ampere, fractional energy spread of order a few percent and normalized transverse emittance less than 1 mm-mrad using 1 TW injection pulses. An example of the performance of this electron beam source for the generation of femtosecond X-rays using Bremsstrahlung and laser scattering will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leemans, WP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016; OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297; Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2906-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3451 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.331848 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BM32T UT WOS:000078392900005 ER PT S AU Tatchyn, R AF Tatchyn, R BE Freund, AK Freund, HP Howells, MR TI High-contrast energy modulation of electron beams for improved microbunching and coherence of free-electron radiation sources SO TIME STRUCTURE OF X-RAY SOURCES AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time Structure of X-Ray Sources and Its Applications CY JUL 23-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Free-Electron Laser (FEL); lasers; relativity; Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE); Coherent Amplification (CA); photocathode; Optical Klystron (OK); relativistic interferometry; ultra-short pulse; beam bunching; energy modulation; bunch compression; harmonics; field synthesizer (FS); High Contrast Modulation (HCM); spontaneous radiation AB High-contrast energy modulation (HCM) of high-brightness electron bunches, made possible by recent experimental or conceptual advancements in ultra-short-pulse terawatt IR/visible/UV laser and storage ring-based insertion device technologies, makes it possible to consider schemes for generating ultra-short radiation pulses based on the highly non-linear bunching induced by the modulation. In prior publications, the single-particle interaction with the laser and insertion device fields was analyzed and shown to lead to the appropriate initial conditions for bunching. In the present paper we report on continuing studies of the collective (i.e., multi-particle) dynamics of the modulated bunch region. In addition, we describe preliminary analyses that indicate that the coherent power generated by HCM sources could be made comparable to or greater than that of corresponding single-pass, gain-saturated Free Electron Lasers (FELs). Selected differences between the dynamics and performance of conventional high-harmonic FELs and Optical Klystrons (OKs) and the analyzed high-contrast modulation/bunching system are discussed. Some possible applications of HCM to the flexible tailoring of particle beam phase space parameters are mentioned. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tatchyn, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2906-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3451 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.331849 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BM32T UT WOS:000078392900006 ER PT S AU Limborg, C AF Limborg, C BE Freund, AK Freund, HP Howells, MR TI Present time structure properties of storage ring based X-ray sources. SO TIME STRUCTURE OF X-RAY SOURCES AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time Structure of X-Ray Sources and Its Applications CY JUL 23-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB For storage ring based synchrotron radiation sources which deliver high flux coherent X-ray pulses at a high repetition rate, the figure of merit is the brilliance. Third generation synchrotron radiation sources provide a brilliance in the 10(20) range, in the usual units, for 10 keV photon beams. Such a performance approaches the ultimate limit imposed by the diffraction limit of synchrotron radiation emission. A gain of up to 6 orders of magnitude, with respect to the brilliance of second generation sources, was obtained by reducing transverse electron beam emittances and by optimising undulator radiation. The horizontal emittance was dramatically decreased by reducing the dispersion function in the bending magnets. As a consequence, the dispersion of the electron revolution time around the ring, as a function of energy, was reduced. Under this quasi-isochronous condition, electron bunch lengths were naturally shortened and reached the few tens of ps range. The quasi-isochronous tuning of storage rings was further tested on third generation rings to evaluate the possibilities of reaching the subpicosecond range and improving the present peak brilliance of 10(23). Unfortunately, the nature of the electromagnetic environment, with which the electron bunch interacts, makes the bunch lengthen with increasing current. Best predictions of peak brilliance performances achievable on storage rings will leave them far behind linac driven FEL sources if the principle of Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission works as predicted. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Limborg, C (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, POB 4349,MS 69, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2906-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3451 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1117/12.331830 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BM32T UT WOS:000078392900008 ER PT S AU McPherson, A Lee, WK Mills, DM AF McPherson, A Lee, WK Mills, DM BE Freund, AK Freund, HP Howells, MR TI Rotating crystal cube as a variable shutter for use with synchrotron radiation SO TIME STRUCTURE OF X-RAY SOURCES AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time Structure of X-Ray Sources and Its Applications CY JUL 23-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE time resolved; synchrotron radiation; rotating crystal; beam chopper AB A beam chopper together with the temporal structure of x-rays emitted by a synchrotron storage ring can be utilized to generate x-ray bursts of variable length and time separation. A Si cube,cut for diffraction from the (220) planes, was mounted to a low-speed motor to produce a beam chopper based upon the Darwin width of the crystal. An x-ray pulse, consisting of an envelope of individual pulses characterizing the loading pattern of the storage ring, was transmitted. The width of the transmitted pulse and the time between pulses was varied by varying the rotation frequency of the Si cube. Pulses as short as approximate to 75 ps or as long as approximate to 4 mu s were transmitted with pulse separation spanning from 4 ms to 167 ms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McPherson, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2906-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3451 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1117/12.331843 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BM32T UT WOS:000078392900014 ER PT S AU Jackson, A AF Jackson, A BE Freund, AK Freund, HP Howells, MR TI Report on the workshop on the uses and generation of femtosecond radiation SO TIME STRUCTURE OF X-RAY SOURCES AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time Structure of X-Ray Sources and Its Applications CY JUL 23-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers ID ELECTRON AB We describe the proceedings of the Workshop on the Uses and Generation of Femtosecond Radiation, held at the E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), in February 1998, and some of the ideas that were generated subsequent to the workshop. The motivation for this workshop was to bring together accelerator physicists interested in the generation of ultra-short (< 200 fs) pulses of XUV and x-ray radiation, and scientists interested in using them. The primary purpose of the workshop was to educate the accelerator physicists about the source characteristics necessary to carry out specific experiments, and to inform the user community of ideas currently being explored by the accelerator community. A second objective was to develop a set of parameters and requirements that could form the basis for a broad-based femtoscience user facility. In this paper we describe some of the ideas and techniques that accelerator physicists are pursuing to fulfill the diverse requirements of this expanding community. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jackson, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2906-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3451 BP 190 EP 192 DI 10.1117/12.331842 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BM32T UT WOS:000078392900020 ER PT S AU Tatchyn, R Arthur, J AF Tatchyn, R Arthur, J BE Freund, AK Freund, HP Howells, MR TI Phase space and coherence properties of an X-ray FEL source SO TIME STRUCTURE OF X-RAY SOURCES AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time Structure of X-Ray Sources and Its Applications CY JUL 23-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Free-Electron Laser (FEL); laser; relativity; Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE); beam bunching; phase space; coherence; spontaneous radiation; synchrotron radiation (SR) ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS AB In recent years, substantial exploratory studies have been conducted on the source properties of idealized Angstrom-wavelength Free-Electron Lasers (FELs) operating in the Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) regime. With the more recent advent of dedicated design studies aimed at developing SASE FEL R&D facilities, attention has focused on developing more realistic descriptions of the FEL source taking into account various anticipated departures of the electron beam from ideality. In this paper we extend prior statistical descriptions of the SASE FEL source to enable the systematic inclusion of the effects of correlated variations of the electron beam's phase-space parameters vs, e.g.,. longitudinal position in the bunch. Selected practical consequences of incorporating the extended source parameter space in the development or design of coherence-related methods and instruments are discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Tatchyn, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2906-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3451 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1117/12.331841 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BM32T UT WOS:000078392900021 ER PT B AU Yang, TYB Furnish, G Dubois, PF AF Yang, TYB Furnish, G Dubois, PF BE Ege, R Singh, M Meyer, B TI Steering object-oriented scientific computations SO TOOLS 23 - TECHNOLOGY OF OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems (TOOLS 23) CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Interact Software Engn Inc AB Issues relevant to the steering mechanism for object oriented scientific computations are examined in this paper. The concept of computation steering is delineated and its benefits are discussed based on past experiences with its application to scientific computations. Experiences of using an object-oriented scripting language called Python to steer C++ applications are presented in further details. It is found that Python and C++ can be combined in an elegant way which combines the benifits of steering and the advantages of using an efficient object-oriented language for scientific modeling. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yang, TYB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8383-X PY 1998 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1109/TOOLS.1997.654712 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK55G UT WOS:000072554600010 ER PT J AU Nicholas, JB Xu, T Haw, JF AF Nicholas, JB Xu, T Haw, JF TI NMR and theoretical studies of solid acids: super and otherwise SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE in situ NMR; theoretical; gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAO); density functional theory (DFT); zeolites; superacids; solid acidity ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CARBONIUM-IONS; H-ZSM-5 ZEOLITE; CARBENIUM IONS; ALLYL ALCOHOL; BASIS-SETS; CATION INTERMEDIATE; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; OH-GROUPS; STATE AB Substantial controversy surrounds the role of the isopropyl cation in the reactions of propene on acidic zeolites. Here we report new experimental and theoretical results that together provide a more detailed description of the chemistry of propene on zeolite solid acids. At cryogenic temperatures, propene is weakly bound to the Bronsted site as a pi complex. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate the binding energy of the pi complex is only 2.6 kcal/mol, with essentially no charge transfer between the acid site and the alkene. At higher temperature, propene reacts with the acid site to form a framework-bound isopropoxyl. DFT predicts this isopropoxyl has a charge of +0.44\e\, far less than the unit positive charge of a free carbenium ion. Assignment of pi complex and framework bound species is supported by the excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical C-13 chemical shifts. NMR experiments indicate propene does not undergo complete label scrambling on zeolite HZSM-5, demonstrating that the isopropyl cation does not exist on this catalyst (under these conditions). In contrast, complete label scrambling does occur for isopropyl bromide on true superacids such as SbF5 and AlBr3. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Magnet Resonance & Mol Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Nicholas, JB (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PY 1998 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1023/A:1019178725784 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA ZW644 UT WOS:000074432300017 ER PT S AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, HP BE Hameroff, SR Kaszniak, AW Scott, AC TI The evolution of consciousness SO TOWARD A SCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS II: SECOND TUCSON DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES SE FROM ANIMALS TO ANIMATS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference Toward a Science of Consciousness 1996 CY APR 08-13, 1996 CL UNIV ARIZONA, TUCSON, AZ HO UNIV ARIZONA C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1089-4365 BN 0-262-08262-4 J9 FROM ANIM ANIMAT PY 1998 BP 597 EP 607 PG 11 WC Psychology, Biological; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Philosophy; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Computer Science; Research & Experimental Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Philosophy GA BK81U UT WOS:000073480200062 ER PT B AU Forslund, L Zink, S AF Forslund, L Zink, S BE Waegemann, CP TI TeleMed: A pure Java distributed, CORBA-based multimedia electronic medical record SO TOWARD AN ELECTRONIC PATIENT RECORD '98 CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS - VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electronic Patient Record 98 Conference and Exposition - Shaping the World of Electronic Health Records (TEPR 98) CY MAY 09-16, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Med Records Inst C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Forslund, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL RECORDS INSTITUTE PI NEWTON PA 567 WALNUT ST, PO BOX 600770, NEWTON, MA 02160 USA BN 0-9640667-4-2 PY 1998 BP C272 EP C285 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA BM66J UT WOS:000079371400183 ER PT S AU Nagel, K AF Nagel, K GP NRC TI From particle hopping models to traffic flow theory SO TRAFFIC FLOW THEORY: SIMULATION MODELS, MACROSCOPIC FLOW RELATIONSHIPS, AND FLOW ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; METASTABLE STATES; SIMULATION; EXPERIENCES; JAMS AB Very simple models of particles hopping on a grid appear too simple to have much similarity to traffic. Yet, some of these models can be proved to generate, in the so-called fluid-dynamical limit, variations of the Lighthill-Whitfiam theory. For more realistic particle hopping models, the fluid-dynamical limit is not known, but insight can be obtained by observing traffic jam dynamics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, TSA, DO, SA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nagel, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, TSA, DO, SA, Mail Stop M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI TRB, TFTC Committee/A-5680-2013 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06516-X J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1998 IS 1644 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN48V UT WOS:000082030300001 ER PT B AU Dogan, ON Hawk, JA AF Dogan, ON Hawk, JA GP AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC INC AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC INC AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC INC TI Effect of retained austenite on abrasion resistance of high-Cr white cast irons SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY, VOL 105 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 101st Casting Congress of the American-Foundrymens-Society CY APR 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Foundrymens Soc AB Superior abrasive wear resistance, combined with relatively low production costs, makes high-Cr white cast irons particularly attractive for applications in the grinding, milling and pumping apparatus used to process hard materials, such as ore, coal, gravel and cement. in this study, 5x5x18 cm iran blocks, with a composition of 3.1 C and 24.5 Cr (wt%), were cast into sand molds. The blocks were heat-treated in five different schedules to vary the retained austenite content. A pin abrasion test and a single scratch test,were used to determine the abrasion characteristics of the test specimens. Hardnesses and impact fracture energies of the as-cast and heat-treated samples were also measured. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an x-my diffraction techniques were used to characterize the microstructures and the wear surfaces. The results indicate that better abrasive wear resistance is obtained when the matrix contains a mixture of austenite and martensite. A fully martensitic matrix, on the other hand wears the fastest, with extensive plastic deformation and fracturing of the wear surface. C1 US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR USA. RP Dogan, ON (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC PI DES PLAINES PA GOLF AND WOLF RDS, DES PLAINES, IL 60016 USA BN 0-87433-185-4 J9 TRAN AMER F PY 1998 VL 105 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL43S UT WOS:000075514100025 ER PT B AU King, PE Higgins, LG Stanek, V Larsen, ED Clark, DE Moore, KL AF King, PE Higgins, LG Stanek, V Larsen, ED Clark, DE Moore, KL GP AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC INC AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC INC AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC INC TI AFS cupola model verification - Initial investigations - AFS research SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY, VOL 105 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 101st Casting Congress of the American-Foundrymens-Society CY APR 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Foundrymens Soc AB The cupola furnace is used to melt scrap steel, pig iron, foundry returns and alloying additives to a prescribed tapping chemistry and temperature for iron casting applications. The melting process within the cupola is highly complex and not well quantified. The American Foundrymen's Society is developing a mathematical model to aid in the understanding of these processes. This model is reaching maturity, and has been successful in estimating a number of melting parameters. This paper details the results of efforts to verify the model in a controlled system, equipped with the appropriate sensors, for model verification. The work was performed on a research-scale cupola furnace located at the Department of Energy's Albany Research Center. C1 US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR USA. RP King, PE (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR USA. RI Stanek, Vladimir/H-3414-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC PI DES PLAINES PA GOLF AND WOLF RDS, DES PLAINES, IL 60016 USA BN 0-87433-185-4 J9 TRAN AMER F PY 1998 VL 105 BP 625 EP 634 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL43S UT WOS:000075514100084 ER PT B AU Horstemeyer, MF AF Horstemeyer, MF GP AFS AFS TI Mechanical property characterization of A356 cast aluminum alloy under monotonic loads SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY, VOL 106 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Foundrymen's-Society CY MAY 10-13, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Foundrymen's Soc AB The mechanical properties of A356 cast aluminum alloy are analyzed for application in automotive chassis components. Compression tests were performed under various temperatures and strain rates to determine the Sandia plasticity model constants. Tension and torsion tests were performed to illustrate various hardening effects under different stress states. Notch tensile tests were also performed under various temperatures and strain rates to quantify void nucleation and growth effects for A356 cast aluminum alloy. Materials with two different dendrite cell sizes were rested. Fracture of silicon particles and debonding of silicon with the aluminum matrix was also characterized by a void nucleation model described in this paper. The modeling framework for plasticity and damage is ready for application infinite element modeling of boundary value problems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Horstemeyer, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC PI DES PLAINES PA GOLF AND WOLF RDS, DES PLAINES, IL 60016 USA BN 0-87433-195-1 J9 TRAN AMER F PY 1998 VL 106 BP 199 EP 205 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR28X UT WOS:000166025500030 ER PT B AU Viswanathan, S Duncan, AJ Sabau, AS Han, Q Porter, WD Riemer, BW AF Viswanathan, S Duncan, AJ Sabau, AS Han, Q Porter, WD Riemer, BW GP AFS AFS TI Modeling of solidification and porosity in aluminum alloy castings SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY, VOL 106 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Foundrymen's-Society CY MAY 10-13, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Foundrymen's Soc ID FLOW AB This paper addresses some of the issues involved in the development and use of computer models of the casting process for predicting microporosity in aluminum alloy castings. The importance of the availability of accurate thermophysical properties is illustrated by comparing the sensitivity of the computed cooling curves to changes in thermophysical properties. The analysis indicates that, if constant thermophysical properties must be used in solidification simulation, the values at the solidus temperature are likely to provide the greatest accuracy in particular the analysis indicates that significant errors may be incurred by the use of constant room-temperature properties. Details are provided on a methodology for microporosity prediction that is based on first principles, and will take into account the mode of solidification dictated by the thermal conditions, the initial hydrogen content of the liquid alloy and the resistance to the flow of fluid to feed shrinkage. The determination of liquid permeability in the mushy zone of solidifying alloys, essential for the calculation of pressure distributions during solidification, and used in the porosity evolution models, is described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Viswanathan, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC PI DES PLAINES PA GOLF AND WOLF RDS, DES PLAINES, IL 60016 USA BN 0-87433-195-1 J9 TRAN AMER F PY 1998 VL 106 BP 411 EP 417 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR28X UT WOS:000166025500053 ER PT B AU Viswanatham, S Porter, WD AF Viswanatham, S Porter, WD GP AFS AFS TI Use of simulation in optimizing mold filling SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY, VOL 106 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Foundrymen's-Society CY MAY 10-13, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Foundrymen's Soc AB This paper outlines three examples of the use of casting modeling software for modeling mold filling: the manufacture of sand cast heat-treating trays, centrifugally cast transfer rolls and motor mounts by metal compression forming. In the case of the sand cast heat treating trays, the simulation of mold filling is used to illustrate the benefits of pouring the mold at a tilt to reduce turbulence in the runner. In the case of the centrifugally cast I-oils, the simulation is used to illustrate the effect of the inlet velocity during the pour on casting quality. In the case of the production of the motor mount, the simulation of tilt-pour-filling of the mold is used to illustrate the jetting of the molten metal into the top cavity as the likely cause of oxidation and air entrapment and the resulting severe surface defects obtained iia castings. The use of simulation is shown to be a useful tool in defect control and the optimization of casting processes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Viswanatham, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC PI DES PLAINES PA GOLF AND WOLF RDS, DES PLAINES, IL 60016 USA BN 0-87433-195-1 J9 TRAN AMER F PY 1998 VL 106 BP 477 EP 484 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR28X UT WOS:000166025500061 ER PT B AU Taleyarkhan, RP Kim, SH Gulec, K AF Taleyarkhan, RP Kim, SH Gulec, K GP AFS AFS TI Impact of noncondensible gases on molten-metal water explosion onset SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY, VOL 106 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Foundrymen's-Society CY MAY 10-13, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Foundrymen's Soc AB Explosive interactions between molten metal (currently focused on aluminum) and water ale being studied to determine what causes robust triggers for explosion onset; to determine the extent of protection provided front various coatings; and to develop a fundamentally-based simple, cost-effective novel methodology for prevention. The work scope includes experimentation and mathematical modeling of the interactions between molten metals and water at various different coated and uncoated surfaces. Phenomenological issues related to surface wettability, gas generation from coatings, charring of coatings, inertial constraint, melt temperature, water temperature and external shocks ale being investigated systematically, to gauge their relative impact on the triggerability of surface-assisted steam explosions. The steam explosion triggering studies (SETS)facility was designed and constructed as a rapid-turnaround, cost-effective and safe means to address these phenomenological issues. Data from SETS tests have indicated that noncondensible gas (NCG) generation during paint pyrolysis plays a predominant role in explosion prevention. This paper describes results of studies on the impact of deliberate NCG injection on explosion prevention, via molten melt drops fee-falling into water, as well as Si-om tests using the SETS facility for studying entrapment-induced explosive boiling. SETS is also being used to obtain information on time-varying and integral amounts of NCCs generated from various paints. Relevant data are presented. Results of investigations provide compelling evidence on the positive role NCGs play on explosion prevention. It is noted that the results of this research al-e fundamental in nature and should be adaptable to other metals (e.g., steel, magnesium, nuclear, etc.) industries, also. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taleyarkhan, RP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC PI DES PLAINES PA GOLF AND WOLF RDS, DES PLAINES, IL 60016 USA BN 0-87433-195-1 J9 TRAN AMER F PY 1998 VL 106 BP 619 EP 624 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR28X UT WOS:000166025500083 ER PT B AU Dogan, ON Hawk, JA AF Dogan, ON Hawk, JA GP AFS AFS TI Three types of wear of 26Cr white cast irons SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY, VOL 106 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Foundrymen's-Society CY MAY 10-13, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Foundrymen's Soc ID ABRASION RESISTANCE; HEAT-TREATMENT; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS AB Alloy white cast irons containing 26 wt% Cr and 2.76-3.66 wt% C were tested in three different wear environments. These were a low-stress abrasion environment (dry sand rubber wheel test), a high-stress abrasion environment (pill abrasion test) and an impact-abrasion environment (impeller-in-drum test). Different wear mechanisms operating in each wear environment require that microstructural features of alloy white cast irons be developed differently for the best performance. It is critical that the microstructure of 26Cr white cast irons has a small intercarbide spacing in a low-stress abrasion. environment, large carbides and a primarily austenitic matrix in a high-stress abrasion environment and fine carbides in an impact-abrasion environment. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR USA. RP Dogan, ON (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC PI DES PLAINES PA GOLF AND WOLF RDS, DES PLAINES, IL 60016 USA BN 0-87433-195-1 J9 TRAN AMER F PY 1998 VL 106 BP 625 EP 631 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR28X UT WOS:000166025500084 ER PT B AU Hawk, JA Wilson, RD Tylczak, JH Dogan, ON AF Hawk, JA Wilson, RD Tylczak, JH Dogan, ON GP AFS AFS TI Laboratory wear testing of ferrous alloys and composites SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY, VOL 106 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Foundrymen's-Society CY MAY 10-13, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Foundrymen's Soc AB Laboratory wear tests ale only truly effective when they closely simulate the wear processes experienced by the test piece in the field. Typically, laboratory wear tests only approximate the two-and three-body wear systems of the tribe-environment. The Albany Research Center uses a suite of three laboratory abrasion and impact-abrasion wear rests to rank materials for wear applications. These tests, and the wear mechanisms they approximate, are: 1) dry-sand, rubber-wheel (three-body, low-stress abrasion); 2) pin-on-drum (two-body, high-stress abrasion); and 3) high-speed, impeller-tumbler (impact-abrasion). Subsequently, candidate materials can be ranked according to their performance for each of the wear tests. The abrasion and impact-abrasion. test methods will be described, highlighting the predominant weal mechanisms for each test. Data on a wide variety of cast and wrought irons and steels will be presented, with relative ranking of the materials according to the specific wear test. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR USA. RP Hawk, JA (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR USA. RI Tylczak, Joseph/C-7956-2009 OI Tylczak, Joseph/0000-0002-0391-2350 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC PI DES PLAINES PA GOLF AND WOLF RDS, DES PLAINES, IL 60016 USA BN 0-87433-195-1 J9 TRAN AMER F PY 1998 VL 106 BP 651 EP 658 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR28X UT WOS:000166025500087 ER PT J AU Amthor, JS AF Amthor, JS TI A note on the report by M.B. Lavigne and M.G. Ryan relating stem maintenance respiration rate to stem growth rate SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Amthor, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 1059, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YU455 UT WOS:000071719200010 ER PT J AU Frantz, P Salmeron, M AF Frantz, P Salmeron, M TI Preparation of mica surfaces for enhanced resolution and cleanliness in the surface forces apparatus SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Hard Coatings CY JUN, 1997 CL NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, ILLINOIS SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Soc Engn Sci HO NORTHWESTERN UNIV DE mica; adhesion; surface forces ID POLYSTYRENE; IMPURITIES; ADHESION; SOLVENT; CONTACT; ENERGY AB We describe a simple technique for preparing arbitrarily thin mica substrates of unparalleled purity for use in the surface forces apparatus (SFA). Relatively thick mica samples (4-8 mu m) are prepared in the conventional way, coated with a sputter deposited layer of silver, and attached (silver side down) to cylindrical lenses with a thick coat of thermosetting epoxy. These surfaces are then placed in a glovebox with the cell of the SFA where they are cleaved once again with a piece of tape, and then mounted and sealed in the SFA for immediate use. With this technique, the surfaces are never exposed to laboratory air, they are insensitive to asperities in the glue/silica support, and may be made arbitrarily thin by removing more mica until the desired thickness is achieved. We find that adhesion between two surfaces cleaved in this manner (similar to 300 mJ/m(2)) is significantly larger than for mica prepared in the conventional way (similar to 200 mJ/m(2)), and consistent with the adhesion measured in direct cleavage experiments. This suggests a cause for discrepancies in the measured adhesion which have appeared in the literature. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Aerospace Corp, Surface Sci Dept, 2350 E El Segundo Blvd, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM salmeron@stm.lbl.gov NR 17 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 2-3 BP 151 EP 153 DI 10.1023/A:1019149910047 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 122LN UT WOS:000076073200007 ER PT J AU Kass, MD Whealton, JH Clapp, NE DiStefano, JR DeVan, JH Haines, JR Akerman, MA Gabriel, TA AF Kass, MD Whealton, JH Clapp, NE DiStefano, JR DeVan, JH Haines, JR Akerman, MA Gabriel, TA TI Nonlinear cavitation erosion of stainless steel in mercury versus applied power SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Hard Coatings CY JUN, 1997 CL NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, IL SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Soc Engn Sci HO NORTHWESTERN UNIV DE cavitation; erosion rate; mercury; stainless steel ID ALLOYS AB The cavitation erosion rate for 316 stainless steel in mercury was found to increase in a nonlinear fashion with the maximum applied power. In addition, the incremental increase in erosion was observed to decrease with increased power in water, yet increased six to seven times when mercury was used as the cavitating fluid. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kass, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ymy@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 EI 1573-2711 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 2-3 BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.1023/A:1019102026886 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 122LN UT WOS:000076073200016 ER PT B AU Affinito, JD Gross, ME Mounier, PA Graff, GL AF Affinito, JD Gross, ME Mounier, PA Graff, GL BE Bakish, R TI Effects of PML substrate smoothing layers on the conductivity of ITO thin films SO TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VACUUM WEB COATING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS OF LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Vacuum Web Coating Conference CY OCT 21-23, 1998 CL RENO, NV SP Bakish Mat Corp AB The effects of substrate surface roughness on the conductivity of ITO films deposited on various substrates was examined. Controlled experiments in which ITO films were simultaneously deposited onto 3 different substrates (glass, PET, PET/PML Smoothing Layer) were carried out. In all cases the ITO coated glass substrates had the highest conductivity, the ITO coated PET substrates had the lowest conductivity, and the ITO coated PET/PML Smoothing Layer substrate conductivity was intermediate. Experimental details and four point probe resistivity data will be presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Affinito, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Blvd MS K3-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BAKISH MATERIALS CORP PI ENGLEWOOD PA PO BOX 148, ENGLEWOOD, NJ 07631 USA BN 0-939997-22-3 PY 1998 BP 170 EP 178 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BN49R UT WOS:000082034300016 ER PT S AU Lederman, LM AF Lederman, LM BE Burnstein, RA Kaplan, DM Rubin, HA TI Milestones en route to the beauty quark SO TWENTY BEAUTIFUL YEARS OF BOTTOM PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Beautiful Years of Bottom Physics (b20) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL, CHICAGO, IL HO ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lederman, LM (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-745-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 424 BP 26 EP 28 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BK90A UT WOS:000073835300003 ER PT S AU Yoh, J AF Yoh, J BE Burnstein, RA Kaplan, DM Rubin, HA TI The discovery of the b quark at Fermilab in 1977: The experiment coordinator's story SO TWENTY BEAUTIFUL YEARS OF BOTTOM PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Beautiful Years of Bottom Physics (b20) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL, CHICAGO, IL HO ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL AB I present the history of the discovery of the Upsilon (Upsilon) particle (the first member of the b-quark family to be observed) at Fermilab in 1977 by the CFS (Columbia-Fermilab-Stony Brook collaboration) E288 experiment headed by Leon Lederman. We found the first evidence of the Upsilon in November 1976 in an early phase of E288. The subsequent discovery in the spring of 1977 resulted from an upgraded E288 - the mu mu II phase, optimized for dimuons, with about 100 times the sensitivity of the previous investigatory dimuon phase (which had been optimized for dielectrons). The events leading to the discovery, the planning of mu mu II and the running, including a misadventure (the infamous Shunt Fire of May 1977), are described. Some discussions of the aftermath, a summary, and an acknowledgement list end this brief historical note. C1 Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yoh, J (reprint author), Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-745-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 424 BP 29 EP 42 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BK90A UT WOS:000073835300004 ER PT S AU Jaros, JA AF Jaros, JA BE Burnstein, RA Kaplan, DM Rubin, HA TI First measurements of the b lifetime SO TWENTY BEAUTIFUL YEARS OF BOTTOM PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Beautiful Years of Bottom Physics (b20) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL, CHICAGO, IL HO ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL AB This paper reviews the first measurements of the b lifetime, the theoretical and experimental climate in which they were made, and their considerable impact on knowledge of the CKM matrix and b phenomenology. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Jaros, JA (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-745-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 424 BP 106 EP 112 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BK90A UT WOS:000073835300011 ER PT S AU Su, D AF Su, D BE Burnstein, RA Kaplan, DM Rubin, HA TI b physics at SLD SO TWENTY BEAUTIFUL YEARS OF BOTTOM PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Beautiful Years of Bottom Physics (b20) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL, CHICAGO, IL HO ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL AB This report summarizes the recent b physics results from SLD. This includes measurements of R-b and A(b) as tests of the Standard Model (SM) prediction of b quark coupling to the Z(0), as well as measurements of B lifetimes and mixing. These measurements exploit the special capabilities of SLC/SLD which include a highly polarized electron beam, a CCD pixel vertex detector in conjunction with a small SLC interaction point, and particle identification from the Cerenkov Ring Imaging Detector. The many novel techniques developed for these measurements have led to some unique physics perspectives and competitive results. These developments provide an illustration of the youthful vitality of b physics at its 20th birthday. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Su, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-745-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 424 BP 147 EP 160 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BK90A UT WOS:000073835300014 ER PT S AU Quigg, C AF Quigg, C BE Burnstein, RA Kaplan, DM Rubin, HA TI Realizing the potential of quarkonium SO TWENTY BEAUTIFUL YEARS OF BOTTOM PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Beautiful Years of Bottom Physics (b20) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL, CHICAGO, IL HO ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL AB I recall the development of quarkonium quantum mechanics after the discovery of Upsilon. I emphasize the empirical approach to determining the force between quarks from the properties of c (c) over bar and b (b) over bar bound states. I review the application of scaling laws, semiclassical methods, theorems and near-theorems, and inverse-scattering techniques. I look forward to the next quarkonium spectroscopy in the B-c system. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Quigg, C (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-745-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 424 BP 173 EP 188 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BK90A UT WOS:000073835300016 ER PT S AU Dunietz, I AF Dunietz, I BE Burnstein, RA Kaplan, DM Rubin, HA TI Beautiful CP violation SO TWENTY BEAUTIFUL YEARS OF BOTTOM PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Beautiful Years of Bottom Physics (b20) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL, CHICAGO, IL HO ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL AB CP violation is observed to date only in K-0 decays and is parameteritable by a single quantity epsilon. Because it is one of the least understood phenomena in the Standard Model and holds a clue to baryogenesis, it must be investigated further. Highly specialized searches in K-0 decays are possible. Effects in B decays are much larger. In addition to the traditional B-d --> J/psi K-S, pi(+)pi(-) asymmetries, CP violation could be searched for in already existing inclusive B data samples. The rapid B-s - (B) over bar(s) oscillations cancel in untagged B-s data samples, which therefore allow feasibility studies for the observation of CP violation and the extraction of CKM elements with present vertex detectors. The favored method for the extraction of the CKM angle gamma is shown to be unfeasible and a solution is presented involving striking direct CP violation in charged B decays. Novel methods for determining the B-s mixing parameter Delta m are described without the traditional requirement of flavor-specific final states. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Dunietz, I (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-745-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 424 BP 235 EP 245 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BK90A UT WOS:000073835300022 ER PT S AU Wicklund, AB AF Wicklund, AB BE Burnstein, RA Kaplan, DM Rubin, HA TI B physics at CDF SO TWENTY BEAUTIFUL YEARS OF BOTTOM PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Beautiful Years of Bottom Physics (b20) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL, CHICAGO, IL HO ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL AB The CDP experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron has proven to be well suited for precision studies of b physics. Thanks to the excellent performance of the Tevatron Collider and the detector, CDF has accumulated very large data samples and roughly a decade of experience with b physics in p (p) over bar collisions. With the much higher luminosities expected for the Main Injector era, the next decade promises to be an even more fruitful period for CDF. Here we offer a brief overview of issues in hadron-collider b physics and a summary of CDF's accomplishments and future plans. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wicklund, AB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-745-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 424 BP 251 EP 268 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BK90A UT WOS:000073835300024 ER PT S AU Lipton, R AF Lipton, R BE Burnstein, RA Kaplan, DM Rubin, HA TI B physics at D empty set SO TWENTY BEAUTIFUL YEARS OF BOTTOM PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Beautiful Years of Bottom Physics (b20) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL, CHICAGO, IL HO ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL AB Dempty set has measured B production in the semi-muonic final state at the Fermilab Tevatron. Cross sections for b-quark production are found to be a factor of 2-2.5 higher than theory in the central rapidity region and similar to 4 times higher than theory in the forward region. Data taken at root s=630 GeV show similar features. Upgrades to Dempty set will significantly enhance the ability of the experiment to address the central issues of b physics. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lipton, R (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-745-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 424 BP 269 EP 278 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BK90A UT WOS:000073835300025 ER PT S AU McBride, P AF McBride, P BE Burnstein, RA Kaplan, DM Rubin, HA TI BTeV: A heavy quark experiment at the Tevatron SO TWENTY BEAUTIFUL YEARS OF BOTTOM PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Beautiful Years of Bottom Physics (b20) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL, CHICAGO, IL HO ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL AB The Fermilab Tevatron collider is an excellent laboratory for studying the physics of heavy quarks. Large numbers of events containing c (c) over bar pairs and b (b) over bar pairs will be created in p (p) over bar collisions at 2 TeV center-of-mass energy during the next run of the collider. BTeV is an experimental program that has been proposed for the new CO interaction hall at the Tevatron. The detector, which will have a forward and backward coverage, is designed for the study of rare decays, mixing, and CP violation in the c and b systems. The proposed detector has excellent vertex resolution and will use a Level 1 vertex trigger to collect large samples of interesting events containing charm and beauty decays. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP McBride, P (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-745-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 424 BP 287 EP 297 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BK90A UT WOS:000073835300027 ER PT S AU Hewett, JL AF Hewett, JL BE Burnstein, RA Kaplan, DM Rubin, HA TI Probing new physics in the B system SO TWENTY BEAUTIFUL YEARS OF BOTTOM PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Beautiful Years of Bottom Physics (b20) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL, CHICAGO, IL HO ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL AB We determine the ability of future experiments to test the Standard Model via precision measurement of the rare decays B --> X-s gamma and B --> X(s)l(+)l(-). A global fit to the Wilson coefficients which describe the flavor changing b --> s transitions and which contribute to these decays is performed from Monte Carlo-generated data. This fit is then compared to supersymmetric predictions for the coefficients for several different patterns of the superpartner spectrum. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hewett, JL (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-745-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 424 BP 328 EP 338 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BK90A UT WOS:000073835300031 ER PT B AU Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA Naud, DL AF Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA Naud, DL GP IIT, RES INST IIT, RES INST TI The utility of 3,6-dihydrazino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (DHT) in indoor pyrotechnics SO TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PYROTECHNICS SEMINAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Pyrotechnics Seminar CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL INT PYROTECHN SOC, MONTEREY, CA HO INT PYROTECHN SOC C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU I I T RESEARCH INST PI CHICAGO PA 10 WEST 35TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA PY 1998 BP 161 EP 177 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP46N UT WOS:000085212600013 ER PT B AU Fischer, SH Grubelich, MC AF Fischer, SH Grubelich, MC GP IIT, RES INST IIT, RES INST TI Theoretical energy release of thermites, intermetallics, and combustible metals SO TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PYROTECHNICS SEMINAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Pyrotechnics Seminar CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL INT PYROTECHN SOC, MONTEREY, CA HO INT PYROTECHN SOC AB Thermite mixtures, intermetallic reactants, and metal fuels have long been used in pyrotechnic applications. Advantages of these systems typically include high energy density, impact insensitivity, high combustion temperature, and a wide range of gas production. They generally exhibit high temperature stability, and possess insensitive ignition properties. Irt this paper, we review the applications, benefits, and characteristics of thermite mixtures, intermetallic reactants, and metal fuels. Calculated values for reactant density, heat of reaction (per unit mass and per unit volume), and reaction temperature (without and with consideration of phase changes and the variation of specific heat values) are tabulated These data are ranked in several ways, according to density, heat of reaction, reaction temperature, and gas production. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fischer, SH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 22 PU I I T RESEARCH INST PI CHICAGO PA 10 WEST 35TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA PY 1998 BP 231 EP 286 PG 56 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP46N UT WOS:000085212600020 ER PT B AU Hobbs, ML Baer, MR AF Hobbs, ML Baer, MR GP IIT, RES INST IIT, RES INST TI Predictions of pure liquid shock Hugoniots SO TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PYROTECHNICS SEMINAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Pyrotechnics Seminar CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL INT PYROTECHN SOC, MONTEREY, CA HO INT PYROTECHN SOC ID 900 KBAR; COMPRESSION; TEMPERATURE; MIXTURES; METHANE AB Determination of product species and associated equations-of-state (EOS) for energetic materials, such as pyrotechnics with complex elemental compositions, remains a major unsolved problem. Although empirical EOS models may be calibrated to replicate detonation conditions within experimental variability (5-10%), different states-e.g., expansion- may produce significant discrepancy with data if the basic form of the EOS model is incorrect. A more physically realistic EOS model based on intermolecular potentials, such as the Jacobs Cowperthwaite Zwisler (JCZ3) EOS [I], is needed to predict detonation states, as well as expanded states. Predictive capability for any EOS requires a large species database composed of a wide variety of elements. Unfortunately, only 20 species have known exponential 6 (EXP 6) molecular force constants which are used in the JCZ3-EOS. Of these 20 species, only 10 have been adequately compared to experimental data, such as molecular scattering or shock Hugoniot data. Since data in the strongly repulsive region of the molecular potential is limited, alternative methods must be found to deduce force constants for a larger number of species. The objective of the present study is to determine JCZ3 product species force constants using corresponding state theory. Intermolecular potential parameters were obtained for a variety of gas species using a simple-corresponding states technique with critical volume and critical temperature. A more complex, four-parameter corresponding state method with shape and polarity corrections was also used to obtain intermolecular potential parameters. Both corresponding state methods were used to predict shock Hugoniot data obtained from pure liquids. The simple-corresponding state method is shown to give adequate a,agreement with shock Hugoniot data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hobbs, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I I T RESEARCH INST PI CHICAGO PA 10 WEST 35TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA PY 1998 BP 301 EP 314 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP46N UT WOS:000085212600022 ER PT B AU Marx, KD Ingersoll, D Bickes, RW AF Marx, KD Ingersoll, D Bickes, RW GP IIT, RES INST IIT, RES INST TI Electrical modeling of semiconductor bridge (SCB) BNCP detonators with electrochemical capacitor firing sets SO TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PYROTECHNICS SEMINAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Pyrotechnics Seminar CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL INT PYROTECHN SOC, MONTEREY, CA HO INT PYROTECHN SOC AB In this paper we describe computer models that simulate the electrical characteristics and hence, the firing characteristics and performance of a semiconductor bridge (SCE) detonator for the initiation of BNCP [tetraammine-cis-bis (5-nitro-2H-tetrazolato-N-2) cobalt(III) perchlorate]. The electrical data and resultant models provide new insights into the fundamental behavior of SCB detonators, particularly with respect to the initiation mechanism and the interaction of the explosive powder with the SCB. One model developed, the Thermal Feedback Model, considers the total energy budget for the system, including the time evolution of the energy delivered to the powder by the electrical circuit, as well as that released by the ignition and subsequent chemical reaction of the powder. We also present data obtained using a new low-voltage firing set which employed an advanced electrochemical capacitor having a nominal capacitance of 350,000 mu F at 9 V, the maximum voltage rating for this particular device. A model for this firing set and detonator was developed by making measurements of the intrinsic capacitance and equivalent series resistance (ESR < 10 m Omega) of a single device. This model was then used to predict the behavior of BNCP SCB detonators fired alone, as well as in a multishot, parallel-string configuration using a firing set composed of either a single 9 V electrochemical capacitor or two of the capacitors wired in series and charged to 18 V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Marx, KD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I I T RESEARCH INST PI CHICAGO PA 10 WEST 35TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA PY 1998 BP 371 EP 382 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP46N UT WOS:000085212600029 ER PT B AU Kennedy, JE Lee, KY Spontarelli, T Stine, JR AF Kennedy, JE Lee, KY Spontarelli, T Stine, JR GP IIT, RES INST IIT, RES INST TI Detonation spreading in fine TATBs SO TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PYROTECHNICS SEMINAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Pyrotechnics Seminar CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL INT PYROTECHN SOC, MONTEREY, CA HO INT PYROTECHN SOC AB A test has been devised that permits rapid evaluation of the detonation-spreading (or corner-turning) properties of detonations in insensitive high explosives. The test utilizes a copper witness plate as the medium to capture performance data Dent depth and shape in the copper am used as quantitative measures of the detonation output and spreading behavior. The merits of the test are that it is easy to perform with no dynamic instrumentation, and the test requires only a few grams of experimental explosive materials. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kennedy, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I I T RESEARCH INST PI CHICAGO PA 10 WEST 35TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA PY 1998 BP 743 EP 747 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP46N UT WOS:000085212600066 ER PT B AU Paul, PH Najm, HN AF Paul, PH Najm, HN BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of flame heat release rate SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID A1A2 STATE; FORMALDEHYDE; H2CO AB Local heat release rate represents one of the most interesting experimental observables in the study of unsteady reacting flows. The direct measure of burning or heat release rate as a field variable is not possible. Numerous experimental investigations have relied on inferring this type of information as well as flame-front topology from indirect measures that are presumed to be correlated. A recent study has brought into question many of the commonly used flame-front marker and burning-rate diagnostics. This same study found that die concentration of formyl radical offers the best possibility for measuring flame burning rate. However, primarily due to low concentrations, the fluorescence signal level from formyl is too weak to employ this diagnostic for single-pulse measurements of turbulent-reacting flows. In this paper, we describe and demonstrate a new fluorescence-based reaction-front imaging diagnostic suitable for single shot applications. The measurement is based on taking the pixel-by-pixel product of OH and CH2O planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) images to yield an image closely related to a reaction rate. The spectroscopic and collisional processes affecting the measured signals are discussed, and the foundation of the diagnostic, as based on laminar and unsteady flame calculations, is presented. We report the results of applying this diagnostic to the study of a laminar premixed flame subject to an interaction with an isolated line-vortex pair. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Paul, PH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 43 EP 50 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600002 ER PT B AU Harding, LB Klippenstein, SJ AF Harding, LB Klippenstein, SJ BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI A theoretical analysis of the reaction of H with C(2)H(5) SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TRANSITION-STATES; REACTION COORDINATE; BOND LENGTH; ATOMS; LOOSENESS; KINETICS; IMPLEMENTATION; DISSOCIATIONS AB The interaction of H with C(2)H(5) is analyzed at the CAS + 1 + 2 level using a correlation-consistent polarized valence double zeta basis set. These ab initio calculations show three barrierless pathways, two leading to association and one for abstraction. The association channels are substantially more attractive than the abstraction one and thus dominate the kinetics. An analytic representation of the ab initio data is implemented in a variable reaction coordinate transition state theory study of the temperature dependence of the association kinetics. These theoretical estimates for the high pressure association rate constant are directly compared with related experimental measurements in an effort to resolve the discrepancy between recent and earlier results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Harding, LB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 151 EP 157 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600014 ER PT B AU Hranisavljevic, J Kumaran, SS Michael, JV AF Hranisavljevic, J Kumaran, SS Michael, JV BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI H+CH2CO -> CH3+COat high temperature: A high pressure chemical activation reaction with positive barrier SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID SHOCK-TUBE TECHNIQUE; RATE CONSTANTS; PHOTOLYSIS; KETENE; FLASH; ENERGIES; WAVES; H-2 AB The Laser Photolysis-Shock Tube (LP-ST) technique coupled with H-atom atomic resonance absorption spectrometry (ARAS) has been used to study the reaction, H + CH2CO --> CH3 + CO, over the temperature range, 863-1400 K. The results can be represented by the Arrhenius expression, k = (4.85 +/- 0.70) x 10(-11) exp( -2328 +/- 155 K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The present data have been combined with the earlier low temperature flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence measurements to yield a joint three-parameter expression, k = 5.44 x 10(-14) T-0.851 exp(-1429 K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). This is a chemical activation process that proceeds through vibrationally excited acetyl radicals. However, due to the presence of a low-lying forward dissociation channel to CH3 + CO, the present results refer to the high pressure limiting rate constants. Hence, transition state theory with Eckart tunneling is used to explain the data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hranisavljevic, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 159 EP 166 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600015 ER PT B AU Miller, JA Durant, JL Glarborg, P AF Miller, JA Durant, JL Glarborg, P BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Some chemical kinetics issues in reburning: The branching fraction of the HCCO plus NO reaction SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID KETENYL RADICALS HCCO+NO; RATE COEFFICIENT; NITRIC-OXIDE; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; CHEMISTRY; C2H2 AB We have determined theoretically some critical kinetic parameters in the mechanism of NOx reburning under flow-reactor conditions. Specifically, using a variety of electronic-structure methods to investigate the potential energy surfaces and the maximum free-energy method of Quack and Tree to determine the resulting rate coefficients, we have deduced the values of k(2) and k(3) for the reactions HCNO + O left-right arrow HCO + NO (R2) and HCNO + OH left-right arrow HCOH + NO (R3) to be k(2) approximate to 7 x 10(13) cm(3)/mole s and k(3) approximate to 2 x 10(13) cm(3)/mole s independent of temperature for 300 K < T < 2700 K. With such fast reactions converting HCNO to NO, a critical parameter in the reburn mechanism is alpha(T) = k(1b)(T)/k(1)(T), the branching fraction of the HCCO + NO reaction, HCCO + NO left-right arrow HCNO + CO (R1a) left-right arrow HCN + CO2 (R1b) left-right arrow HONC + CO (R1c) Again using PES information from a variety of electronic-structure methods (including the QCISD barrier heights of Nguyen et al.), we have used the statistical-theoretical methodology of Miller, Parrish, and Brown to determine alpha(T) = 0.985 exp (-T/1748), valid for 300 K < T < 2000 K. Using a value of k(1) = k(1a) + k(1b) + k(1c) = 2.4 x 10(13) cm(3)/mole s independent of temperature (consistent with experiment), we have determined modified Arrhenius expressions for k(1a) and k(1b), k(1a) = 1.17 x 10(11) T-0.65 cm(3)/mole s and k(1b) = 1.45 x 10(16) T-0.968 exp(-648/RT) cm(3)/mole s for 300 K < T < 2000 K. Reaction (R1c) never contributes as much as 1% to the total rate coefficient. Our predictions for alpha(T) disagree with an experimental determination at T = 700 K, but they are only slightly smaller than those used in modeling for 1000 K < T < 1400 K. The theoretical analyses and the reburn mechanism are discussed in detail. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 235 EP 243 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600024 ER PT B AU Westbrook, CK Curran, HJ Pitz, WJ Griffiths, JF Mohamed, C Wo, SK AF Westbrook, CK Curran, HJ Pitz, WJ Griffiths, JF Mohamed, C Wo, SK BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI The effects of pressure, temperature, and concentration on the reactivity of alkanes: Experiments and modeling in a rapid compression machine SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID SPONTANEOUS IGNITION; N-HEPTANE; OXIDATION; AUTOIGNITION; COMBUSTION; FEATURES AB Experiments in a rapid compression machine have examined the influences of variations in pressure, temperature, and equivalence ratio on the autoignition of n-pentane. Equivalence ratios included values from 0.5 to 2.0, compressed gas initial temperatures were varied between 675 and 980 g, and compressed gas initial pressures varied from 8 to 20 bar. Numerical simulations of the same experiments were carried out using a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism. The results are interpreted in terms of a low-temperature oxidation mechanism involving addition of molecular oxygen to alkyl and hydroperoxyalkyl radicals, Idealized calculations are also reported that identify the major reaction paths at each temperature. Results indicate that in most cases, the reactive gases experience a two-stage autoignition. The first stage follows a low-temperature alkylperoxy radical isomerization pathway that is effectively quenched when the temperature reaches a level where dissociation reactions of alkylperoxy and hydroperoxyalkylperoxy radicals are more rapid than the reverse addition steps. The second stage is controlled by the onset of dissociation of hydrogen peroxide. Results also show that in some cases, the first-stage ignition takes place during the compression stroke in the rapid compression machine, making the interpretation of the experiments somewhat more complex than commonly assumed. At the highest compression temperatures achieved, little or no first-stage ignition is observed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Westbrook, CK (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 371 EP 378 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600039 ER PT B AU Curran, HJ Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK Callahan, CV Dryer, FL AF Curran, HJ Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK Callahan, CV Dryer, FL BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Oxidation of automotive primary reference fuels at elevated pressures SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE; N-HEPTANE OXIDATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; LIQUID FUELS; CFR ENGINE; ISOOCTANE; AUTOIGNITION; IGNITION; MECHANISMS; MIXTURES AB Automotive engine knock limits the maximum operating compression ratio and ultimate thermodynamic efficiency of spark-ignition (SI) engines. In compression-ignition (CI) or diesel cycle engines, the premixed burn phase, which occurs shortly after injection, determines the time it takes for autoignition to occur. In order to improve engine efficiency and to recommend more efficient, cleaner-burning alternative fuels, we must understand the chemical kinetic processes that lead to autoignition in both SI and CI engines. These engines burn large molecular-weight blended fuels, a class to which the primary reference fuels (PRF) n-heptane and iso-octane belong. In this study, experiments were performed under engine-like conditions in a high-pressure flow reactor using both the pure PRF fuels and their mixtures in the temperature range 550-880 K and at 12.5 atm pressure. These experiments not only provide information on the reactivity of each fuel but also identify the major intermediate products formed during the oxidation process. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism is used to simulate these experiments, and comparisons of experimentally measured and model predicted profiles for O-2, CO, CO2, H2O and temperature rise are presented. Intermediates identified in the flow reactor are compared with those present in the computations, and the kinetic pathways leading to their formation are discussed. In addition, autoignition delay times measured in a shock tube over the temperature range 600-1220 K and at 40 atm pressure were simulated. Good agreement between experiment and simulation was obtained for both the pure fuels and their mixtures. Finally, quantitative values of major intermediates measured in the exhaust gas of a cooperative fuels research engine operating under motored engine conditions are presented together with those predicted by die detailed model. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Curran, HJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Curran, Henry/0000-0002-5124-8562 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 379 EP 387 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600040 ER PT B AU Paul, P Warnatz, J AF Paul, P Warnatz, J BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI A re-evaluation of the means used to calculate transport properties of reacting flows SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; POLYATOMIC GASES; KINETIC DATA; LOW-DENSITY; HYDROGEN; FLAMES AB Simulations of laminar combustion and other reactive flow processes (like chemical vapor deposition, plasma etching, etc.) are presently carried out in most cases using the transport code TRANFIT attached to the CHEMKIN package. The approach used is based on experimental data from 1975 and is now outdated, especially in view of recent work presented in the literature. The new approach described here seeks to remove the deficiencies of former transport models by using the following features: (1) representation of transport data of light species at high temperature by switching to an exponential repulsive potential, (2) use of effective potential parameters to handle the intermolecular forces in an easy and elegant way, if polar molecules are considered, and (3) use of a simplified formula for binary thermal diffusion factors, based on an expansion for large values of the mass ratio of the species included: This paper presents the new transport model in terms of a complete set of equations. The molecular parameters provided allow a complete treatment of the oxidation of H-2 and H-2/CO mixtures (data for species taking place in the oxidation of hydrocarbons and in other reaction systems are not yet available). To demonstrate the consequences of the new transport model for combustion processes, results have been generated by implementing the model in a code for the simulation of premixed laminar flames. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Paul, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 495 EP 504 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600053 ER PT B AU Marinov, NM Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK Lutz, AE Vincitore, AM Senkan, SM AF Marinov, NM Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK Lutz, AE Vincitore, AM Senkan, SM BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Chemical kinetic modeling of a methane opposed-flow diffusion flame and comparison to experiments SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID AROMATIC HYDROCARBON FORMATION; ETHYLENE FLAMES; LAMINAR; PRESSURE AB The chemical structure of an opposed-flow, methane diffusion flame is studied using a chemical kinetic model and the results are compared with experimental measurements. The chemical kinetic paths leading to aromatics and polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the diffusion flame are identified. These paths all involve resonantly stabilized radicals that include propargyl, allyl, cyclopentadienyl, and benzyl radicals. The modeling results show reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements for the large hydrocarbon aliphatic compounds, aromatics, two-ring PAHs, and three-ring PAHs, but not for four-ring PAHs. The benzene was predicted to be formed primarily by the reaction sequence of Allyl + Propargyl <-> Fulvene + H + H followed by fulvene isomerization to benzene. Naphthalene was modeled using the reaction of benzyl with propargyl, whereas the combination of cyclopentadienyl radicals were predicted to be a minor contributor in the opposed-flow, methane diffusion flame. This work demonstrates that there are multipathways to aromatic and PAH formation whose role is dependent on the type of flame (premixed or diffusion) and type of hydrocarbon fuel. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marinov, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 605 EP 613 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600066 ER PT B AU Frank, JH Barlow, RS AF Frank, JH Barlow, RS BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Simultaneous Rayleigh, Raman, and LIF measurements in turbulent premixed methane-air flames SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID COMBUSTION GASES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO; NO; OH AB Instantaneous measurements of temperature, major species, OH. CO, and NO are performed in turbulent premixed flames using simultaneous Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, and laser-induced fluorescence < LIF >. Temperature is determined from Rayleigh scattering, and concentrations of CH4, O-2, N-2, H2O, CO2, and H-2 are obtained from Raman scattering. Linear LIF is used to measure OH and NO, while two-photon LIF is used to determine CO concentrations. The two-photon CO-LIF system provides significant improvements over CO-Raman measurements. This combination of diagnostic techniques is used to investigate the detailed compositional structure of turbulent lean premised methane-air flames. Three turbulent flames having different equivalence ratios are considered. The ratio of rms velocity to laminar flame speed ranges from approximately 6 to 17. The correlation of major species, OH, and CO concentrations with temperature are similar to those predicted by one-dimensional laminar flame calculations. However, NO concentrations in the leaner flames are higher than the predicted values. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Frank, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 759 EP 766 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600084 ER PT B AU Chen, JH Im, HG AF Chen, JH Im, HG BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Correlation of flame speed with stretch in turbulent premixed methane/air flames SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID BURNING VELOCITIES; LAMINAR FLAMELETS; AIR FLAMES; CURVATURE; DIFFUSION AB Direct numerical simulations of two-dimensional unsteady premixed methane/air flames are performed to determine the correlation of flame-speed with stretch over a wide range of curvatures and strain rates generated by intense two-dimensional turbulence. Lean and stoichiometric premixtures are considered with a detailed C-1-mechanism for methane oxidation. The computed correlation shows the existence of two distinct stable branches. It further shows that exceedingly large negative values of stretch can be obtained solely through curvature effects, which give rise to an overall nonlinear correlation of the flame speed with stretch. Over a narrower stretch range, -1 less than or equal to Ka less than or equal to 1, which includes 90% of the sample, the correlation is approximately linear, and, hence, the asymptotic theory for stretch is practically applicable. Overall, one-third of the sample has negative stretch. In this linear range, the Markstein number associated with the positive branch is determined for different initial turbulence intensities. For high turbulence intensity, the large eddy turnover time becomes shelter than a flame time, and the flame propagation becomes less responsive to unsteady straining. Reductions in strain Markstein numbers by as much as 37% from comparable steady counterflow computations are reported. In addition to the conventional positive blanch, a negative-branch is identified. This negative branch occurs when a flame cusp, with a center of curvature in the burnt gases is subjected to intense compressive strain, resulting in a negative displacement speed. Negative flame speeds are also encountered for extensive tangential strain rates exceeding a Karlovitz number of unity, a value consistent with steady counterflow computations. In both situations, consistent with earlier findings, the source of the reduction in flame speed is attributed to an imbalance between diffusion and reaction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chen, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Im, Hong/J-4317-2012 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 819 EP 826 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600091 ER PT B AU Shepherd, IG Bourguignon, E Michou, Y Gokalp, I AF Shepherd, IG Bourguignon, E Michou, Y Gokalp, I BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI The burning rate in turbulent Bunsen flames SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID VELOCITY; FLOWS AB Measurements of burning rate along the centerline of high turbulent Reynolds number (30-120) and high Damkoler number (20-50) methane/air turbulent Bunsen flames have been performed. The burning rate was determined in terms of a "consumption" speed obtained from the axial and radial reactant mass fluxes along the burner ads. The consumption speed, the difference between the mass flow rates of reactants into and out of a control volume defined around the burner ads, is the net rate at which mass is converted from reactants to products along the centerline. This burning rate is compared with the cold boundary velocity. normal to the flame zone, the "displacement" speed. The displacement speed in this flame configuration is simply the axial velocity component at the cold boundary of the flame zone. Experimental conditions for a range of turbulence (u' = 0.18-0.4 m/s) and equivalence ratios (phi = 0.75-0.95) were investigated. Conditioned velocities were measured by two-component laser Doppler velocimetry and the progress variable, [c], by Mie scattering from small oil droplets seeded in the reactant stream that disappear at the flame front. The heat release in die dame induces flow divergence in the reactants within the flame zone, which must be accounted for in measuring the total burning rate. Two factors determine the total amount of outflow in these flames: the induced strain field and the flame zone thickness that is determined by the relative turbulence level, u'/S-L Maximum reactant flow divergence rates from 85-150 s(-1) were measured, and the burning rates were found to be similar to 40% of those estimated from the displacement speed. The results of this paper indicate that scaling laws for turbulent burning rates based simply on local turbulence and flame conditions or on cold boundary velocities will not provide good estimates in many practical systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Combust Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shepherd, IG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Combust Grp, B29C, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 909 EP 916 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600102 ER PT B AU Im, HG Chen, JH Law, CK AF Im, HG Chen, JH Law, CK BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Ignition of hydrogen-air mixing layer in turbulent flows SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID NONPREMIXED COUNTERFLOWING HYDROGEN; HEATED AIR; CHEMISTRY; SIMULATIONS; OXYGEN AB Autoignition of a hydrogen-air scalar mixing layer in homogeneous turbulence is studied using direct numerical simulation (DNS). An initial counterflow of unmixed nitrogen-diluted hydrogen and heated air is perturbed by two-dimensional homogeneous turbulence. The temperature of the heated airstream is chosen to be 1100 K, which is substantially higher than the crossover temperature at which the rates of the chain-branching and termination reactions are equal. Three different turbulence intensities are tested in order to assess the effect of the characteristic flow time on the ignition delay. For each condition, a simulation without heat release is also performed. The ignition delay determined with and without heat release is shown to be almost identical up to the point of ignition for all of the turbulence intensities tested, and the predicted ignition delays agree well within a consistent error band. It is also observed that the ignition kernel always occurs where hydrogen is focused, and the peak concentration of HO2 is aligned well with the scaler dissipation I ate. The dependence of the ignition delay on turbulence intensity is found to be nonmonotonic. For weak to moderate turbulence, the ignition is facilitated by turbulence via enhanced mixing, while for stronger turbulence, whose timescale is substantially smaller than the ignition delay, the ignition is retarded due to excessive scalar dissipation, and hence diffusive loss, at the ignition location. However for die wide range of initial turbulence fields studied, the variation in ignition delay due to the corresponding variation in turbulence intensity appears to be quite small. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Im, HG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Im, Hong/J-4317-2012 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 1047 EP 1056 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600119 ER PT B AU Barlow, RS Frank, JH AF Barlow, RS Frank, JH BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Effects of turbulence on species mass fractions in methane/air jet flames SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID PILOTED DIFFUSION FLAMES; FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; DILUTED METHANE; EXTINCTION AB It is important that combustion models capture the effects of turbulent mixing on reaction zone structure in non-premixed and partially premixed flames. A more complete understanding of the response of species mass fractions to turbulent mixing is needed to improve predictive capabilities, particularly with regard to combustion intermediates and minor species. Using the combination of Raman scattering, Rayleigh scattering, and laser-induced fluorescence, simultaneous measurements of CO, OH, H-2, and NO are obtained along with the major species, temperature, and mixture fi action in a series of six piloted methane/air jet flames. Flame conditions vary from laminar to turbulent with significant localized extinction. Two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (TPLIF) is used to determine instantaneous CO concentrations, providing an improvement over Raman scattering measurements of CO in methane flames. Conditional probability density functions (cpdf's) of species mass fractions in the six flames are compared. Significant changes are observed in the mass fraction cpdf's of several species. Results for H2O, CO2, H-2, and OH are consistent with the concept that turbulent transport becomes dominant over molecular diffusion within the range of Reynolds numbers and axial locations considered in these experiments. The cpdf's of CO mass fraction are broadened in the turbulent flames relative to the laminar flame. However, there is not an increase in die maximum conditional mean value of the CO mass fraction as suggested by some previously reported measurements in methane flames. The cpdf's of NO mass fraction at a given streamwise location in the turbulent flames show NO levels decreasing significantly as jet velocity increases. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Barlow, RS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 1087 EP 1095 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600124 ER PT B AU Mueller, CJ Schefer, RW AF Mueller, CJ Schefer, RW BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Coupling of diffusion flame structure to an unsteady vortical flow-field SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID LAMINAR METHANE AB A laminar methane-air diffusion flame is interacted with vortices of various sizes and strengths in order to Letter understand unsteady stretch and history effects on turbulent flames. The nitrogen-diluted fuel stream of a Wolfhard-Parker slot burner is acoustically forced, producing repeatable two-dimensional vortices that strain and curve the flame. Phase-locked, planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) diagnostics are used to quantify th response of the OH-radical to the vortex-induced stretch. Acetone PLIF images are used to clarify. the relationship between the vortex structure and the flame. The results show that the vortex causes significant variations in the OH layer thickness. In particular, negative strain produces a doubling of the flame thickness. Local extinction of the OH layer due to high strain is observed near the flame base, Peak OH mole fraction levels vary considerably more than adiabatic LFM predictions. In particular: the peak OH decreases by a factor of 2 with downstream distance. This decrease is believed due to dilution of reactants by combustion products formed elsewhere in the flow. A simplified model is proposed, which shows the OH concentration is sensitive to product dilution through the scalar dissipation rate. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mueller, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 1105 EP 1112 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600126 ER PT B AU Buckley, SG Robinson, AL Baxter, LL AF Buckley, SG Robinson, AL Baxter, LL BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Energetics to energy: Combustion and environmental considerations surrounding the reapplication of energetic materials as boiler fuels SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID CONDENSED-PHASE DECOMPOSITION; GASEOUS PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; TEMPORAL BEHAVIORS; RATES AB Millions of pounds of waste energetic materials (EM) such as rocket fuel and high explosives are generated every year. Although some of the material can be recycled, much of it is difficult to separate or has Little intrinsic value, and some of the material contains hazards such as asbestos and chlorine. Typically this material is disposed of through open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) or in landfills. This wastes die energy content of the fuels and may generate significant pollution. Combustion in an industrial boiler is a compelling alternative disposal option for EM that would capture the energy value in the fuel and also would mitigate many environmental hazards using boiler pollution controls. We examine combustion issues associated with EM, including an evaluation of energy content, NOx production, aluminum combustion behavior, and the fate of asbestos. Although they have lower traditional heating values than typical boiler fuels due to their oxygen content, EM actually contain more energy per unit mass of combustion products. Experiments with a variety of common EM show that NOx production from EM-derived fuels (EMDF) may be quite high. In some cases this arises from a high nitrate concentration, and in others it is from aluminum in the fuel, which burns at very high temperatures. Up to 80% of the fuel-bound nitrogen in trinitrotoluene (TNT) was converted into NOx in our experiments. We demonstrate that staged combustion can effectively control NOx formed by nitrate group decomposition, reducing levels by approximately 60%-65% for a 5% TNT/95% toluene mixture. The high temperatures caused by aluminum combustion create a second concern, damage to the boiler itself. Finally, we give evidence that asbestos incorporated in EMDF front solid rocket motor liners can be rendered nonhazardous by combustion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Buckley, SG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Baxter, Larry/C-8567-2009 OI Baxter, Larry/0000-0002-0453-2659 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 1317 EP 1325 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600150 ER PT B AU Robinson, AL Junker, H Buckley, SG Sclippa, G Baxter, LL AF Robinson, AL Junker, H Buckley, SG Sclippa, G Baxter, LL BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Interactions between coal and biomass when cofiring SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID PULVERIZED-COAL; COMBUSTION; STRAW; TECHNOLOGY; EMISSIONS AB Cofiring biomass with coal is one of the most promising short-term options for reducing the net CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants. This paper examines the effects of cofiring biomass and coal on ash deposition, corrosion, and NOx emissions under conditions representative of those found in pulverize-coal (pc) boilers. Experiments were conducted with blends of six different fuels-two types of bituminous coal, two types of straw, switchgrass, and wood. For each fuel, reference tests of unblended fuel establish a baseline to examine the results from the cofiring tests. The deposition rates for the blends of fuels considered by this investigation lav between the measured deposition rates of the unblended fuels. Therefore, cofiring can mitigate some df the fouling difficulties associated with high-fouling coals and biofuels. By accounting for factors other than fuel composition, we can improve our predictions of the effects of cofiring on ash deposition rates. For the fuel blends examined here, available alkali is a relatively good predictor for the ash deposition rate. Sulfation of alkali chlorides is the major interaction that occurs within deposits formed while cofiring. Sulfation reduces the chlorine content of the deposits, potentially reducing the corrosion potential of the deposits. Cofiring biomass can decrease NOx emissions relative to firing unblended coal under typical pc-combustion conditions when the biomass fuel contains little nitrogen. There does not appear to be any fundamental synergistic interaction between the coal and biomass that significantly reduces NOx emissions. These measurements demonstrate that cofiring biomass with coal can result in decreased pollutant production, decreased ash deposition, and decreased effective CO2, but judicious choices of fuels and operating conditions are required to accomplish these objectives. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Robinson, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Baxter, Larry/C-8567-2009 OI Baxter, Larry/0000-0002-0453-2659 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 1351 EP 1359 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600154 ER PT B AU Brown, NJ Revzan, KL Frenklach, M AF Brown, NJ Revzan, KL Frenklach, M BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Detailed kinetic modeling of soot formation in ethylene/air mixtures reacting in a perfectly stirred reactor SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID LAMINAR PREMIXED FLAMES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GAS-PHASE; PYROLYSIS; ACETYLENE; PARTICLE; PRESSURE; COAGULATION; DEPENDENCE; MOMENTS AB A series of perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) calculations has been performed that allow the comparison of numerical predictions for sooting trends in PS Rs with those observed in experiments. A detailed chemical kinetics model for soot production is employed that has been extensively tested for laminar flames. The chemical kinetics model is used without any adjustments. The PSR code Aurora that is a CHEMKIN III application has been modified considerably to incorporate the method of moments. Gas-phase and surface reactions are rigorously coupled in the model. Predicted sooting characteristics are consistent with behavior observed experimentally for premixed laminar flames and well-stirred reactors. Specifically, soot volume fraction exhibited the same qualitative behavior with equivalence ratio, temperature, and pressure as observed for flames. Concentration profile shapes were consistent with profile shapes measured for flames as well. The model also predicts soot threshold values and the relationship of soot volume fraction with temperature and equivalence ratio that has been observed experimentally for well-stirred reactors. Under the conditions of the present investigation, soot formation dynamics was dominated by nucleation. The temperature dependence of surface reaction rates revealed the importance of the HACA mechanism (H-abstraction-C2H2 addition reaction sequence) in surface growth. Under PSR conditions, coupling the gasphase and surface chemistry is significant with the degree of coupling increasing with pressure. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brown, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 1573 EP 1580 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600180 ER PT B AU Lunden, MM Yang, NYC Headley, TJ Shaddix, CR AF Lunden, MM Yang, NYC Headley, TJ Shaddix, CR BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Mineral-char interactions during char combustion of a high-volatile coal SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID RESIDUAL CARBON; FIRED BOILERS; REACTIVITY; BURNOUT AB We report on recent investigations of the role of inorganic mineral matter on the evolution of char structure during carbon burnout. Char samples collected in a carefully controlled, laminar flame-supported entrained flow reactor have been characterized using a number of microscopy tools. Observations of the inorganic structure of chars produced at a variety of combustion conditions are coupled with in situ particle-sizing pyrometry measurements of the char particle population with an eye toward identifying the mechanism of mineral interaction and its effects on carbon burnout kinetics during pulverized coal char combustion. No evidence of a macroscopic ash film, which has been hypothesized to retard char oxidation kinetics, was found on the chars. High-resolution electron microscopy, however, shows a surprising amount of inorganic mineral in solid solution within the carbonaceous matrix. This intimate mixing of organic and inorganic constituents may affect reactivity by both blocking oxygen access to active carbon sites and influencing the microscopic carbon structure that evolves during combustion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lunden, MM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 1695 EP 1702 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600195 ER PT B AU Robinson, AL Buckley, SG Baxter, LL AF Robinson, AL Buckley, SG Baxter, LL BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI In situ measurements of the thermal conductivity of ash deposits SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID COAL AB Ash deposits reduce heat transfer rates to furnace walls, superheater tubes, and other heat transfer surfaces in real-fired power plants. The effective thermal conductivity of a porous ash deposit is one important parameter for determining the magnitude of this reduction. In this paper, we report In situ, time-resolved measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of ash deposits formed under conditions that closely replicate those found in the convective pass of a commercial boiler. Experiments were conducted using an Illinois #6 coal and a blend of Illinois #6 coal and wheat straw to determine the thermal conductivity of highly porous, unsintered deposits and to examine the influence of the initial stages of sintering on these deposits. For deposits formed while firing both fuels, the measured thermal conductivity of loose, unsintered deposits is 0.15 W/(m K), almost a factor of three greater than that of air under these conditions. The initial stages of deposit sintering and densification are accompanied by a substantial increase in deposit thermal conductivity. Subsequent sintering continues to densify the deposit but has little effect on deposit thermal conductivity. These trends correspond to anticipated effects of sintering on the development of a layered deposit structure and on particle contact efficiency. Measured values of thermal conductivity are also observed to lie between rational theoretical bounds based on deposit porosity and structure. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Robinson, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Baxter, Larry/C-8567-2009 OI Baxter, Larry/0000-0002-0453-2659 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 1727 EP 1735 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600199 ER PT B AU Higgins, B Siebers, D Mueller, C Aradi, A AF Higgins, B Siebers, D Mueller, C Aradi, A BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Effects of an ignition-enhancing, diesel-fuel additive on diesel-spray evaporation, mixing, ignition, and combustion SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO AB The effects of an ignition-enhancing additive, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, on diesel-spray evaporation, mixing, ignition, and combustion processes were investigated under direct-injection (DI) diesel-engine conditions in a constant-volume combustion vessel. Our objectives were to determine (a) how uniform the ignition enhancement is over a range of gas density and temperature conditions, (b) whether the ignition process of an ignition-enhanced fuel is similar to that of a non-ignition-enhanced fuel with the same cetane number (a measure of ignition quality), and (c) whether diesel-spray evaporation, mixing, or combustion processes are affected by the additive. Optical measurements of the liquid-phase fuel penetration, spray spreading angle, standoff distance from the injector to the flame, and evolution of preignition chemiluminescence were compared for three fuels over a wide range of ambient gas temperatures (700-1100 K) and densities (7.3-45 kg/m(3)). The fuels considered were blends of three single-component fuels. Two of the fuels were blended to give cetane numbers (CN) of 45 and 55. The third fuel was made by adding 4000 ppm of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate to the CN-45 fuel blend, resulting in a second CN-55 fuel. The results show that the primary effect of the 2-ethylhexyl nitrate additive is to accelerate the preignition radical-pool formation, thus shortening the autoignition period. This effect, however, is not uniform. It is strongest at the lowest gas temperature-density conditions and weakest at the highest temperature-density conditions. The results also show that the development of the ignition process differed for the two CN-55 fuels. The additized-fuel ignition process was similar to the unadditized CN-45 parent fuel but shifted earlier in time. Finally, the effect of this ignition improver on parameters such as flame liftoff, maximum liquid-phase fuel penetration, and spray dispersion were negligible, indicating that neither the high-temperature combustion chemistry nor the mixing-controlled processes are affected by the additive. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Higgins, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 1873 EP 1880 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600216 ER PT B AU Shaddix, CR Tennison, PJ AF Shaddix, CR Tennison, PJ BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Effects of char content and simple additives on biomass pyrolysis oil droplet combustion SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; LIQUIDS; WATER; WOOD AB Over the past few years, a laminar-flow, isolated-droplet combustion facility has been used to evaluate the fundamental combustion properties of biomass pyrolysis oils. This work has focused on characterizing oils produced from various feedstocks with a small-scale, fast ablative vortex reactor coupled with various hat-gas filtration techniques. Recently, combustion of an oak oil produced in a large-scale, entrained fluidized bed has been characterized. This oil exhibits microexplosions very early in the combustion process, presumably as a consequence of the significant loading of small char particles in the oil. Backlit stroboscopic imaging of the burning droplets reveals that the oak oil microexplosions are characterized by the formation of a cellular network of vapor bubbles that ultimately contracts and results in the formation of coke particles. In addition, combustion experiments have been performed on a low-char poplar oil with small amounts of water and methanol additives. These simple additives have been suggested as an inexpensive means of reducing the viscosity and rate of chemical aging of biomass oils. Stroboscopic imaging of the droplets of these mixtures reveals a dramatic effect of both additives on the microexplosion process. However, long-exposure photographs of the complete combustion history suggest that the addition of methanol does not improve the shattering effect of the microexplosion and hence the total droplet burnout time. The addition of water delays the occurrence of microexplosion but improves its effectiveness, resulting in a small reduction in the droplet burnout time. Addition of both methanol and water yields the shortest burnout time. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shaddix, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 1907 EP 1914 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600220 ER PT B AU Ciccarelli, G Boccio, JL AF Ciccarelli, G Boccio, JL BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Detonation wave propagation through a single orifice plate in a circular tube SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID MIXTURES AB Detonation behavior associated with the propagation of a detonation wave through an orifice plate located within a circular tube is investigated. The tube and orifice diameter used in the study are 27.3 cm and 10 cm, respectively The test gas used is hydrogen-air at 1 atmosphere and at various initial temperatures up to 650 K. Immediately after the orifice, the detonation wave decouples and either fails or reinitiates. The reinitiation process is characterized by either spontaneous initiation, initiation due to shock reflection, or deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). In the case of DDT, transition is preceded by the degeneration of the decoupled detonation wave to a velocity consistent with a CJ deflagration. Delineation between these various propagation regimes could not be correlated with the detonation cell size, lambda, and orifice diameter, d. The data, although limited, demonstrate for the first time that the d(c)/lambda = 13 critical tube criterion obtained at room temperature may not apply at elevated temperature conditions. The evidence for this is data obtained at 500 K that shows no detonation transmission for 30% hydrogen in air that corresponds to d/lambda = 16.7. The tests also indicate that a simple d/lambda correlation cannot be used to determine when reinitiation due to shock reflection is possible. For example, at 650 K detonation wave failure was observed for d/lambda < 7.4, and at 300 K failure was observed for d/lambda < 11. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ciccarelli, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 2233 EP 2239 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600258 ER PT B AU Margolis, SB AF Margolis, SB BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI On pulsating and cellular forms of hydrodynamic instability in liquid-propellant combustion SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID MODEL AB An extended Landau-Levich model of liquid-propellant combustion, one that allows for a local dependence of the burning rate on the (gas) pressure at the liquid-gas interface, exhibits not only the classical hydrodynamic cellular instability attributed to Landau but also a pulsating hydrodynamic instability associated with sufficiently negative pressure sensitivities. Exploiting the realistic limit of small values of the gas-to-liquid density ratio rho, analytical formulas for both neutral stability boundaries may be obtained by expanding all quantities in appropriate powers of rho in each of three distinguished wave-number regimes. In particular, composite analytical expressions are derived for the neutral stability boundaries A(p)(k), where A(p) is the pressure sensitivity of the burning rate and k is the wave number of the disturbance. For the cellular boundary, the results demonstrate explicitly the stabilizing effect of gravity on long-wave disturbances, the stabilizing effect of viscosity (both liquid and gas) and surface tension on short-wave perturbations, and the instability associated with intermediate wave numbers for negative values of A(p), which is characteristic of many hydroxylammonium nitrate-based liquid propellants over certain pressure ranges. In contrast, the pulsating hydrodynamic stability boundary is insensitive to gravitational and surface-tension effects but is more sensitive to the effects of liquid viscosity because, for typical nonzero values of the latter, the pulsating boundary decreases to larger negative values of A(p), as k increases through O(1) values. Thus, liquid-propellant combustion is predicted to be stable (that is, steady and planar) only for a range of negative pressure sensitivities that lie below the cellular boundary that exists for sufficiently small negative values of A(p) and above the pulsating boundary that exists for larger negative values of this parameter. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Margolis, SB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9052, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 2375 EP 2386 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600275 ER PT B AU Williams, JM Gritzo, LA AF Williams, JM Gritzo, LA BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI in situ sampling and transmission electron microscope analysis of soot in the flame zone of large pool fires SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MORPHOLOGY AB To assess assumptions invoked in experimental optical techniques and fire field model heat transfer calculations, and to provide additional insight into soot formation, transport processes, and oxidation processes, soot samples were obtained within the flame zone of 1 m and 5 m JP-8 pool fires and studied using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to determine primary particle size and aggregate structure. These studies are of particular interest because precious works have been limited to smaller flames or the overfire region of large fires. The results show primary mean particle sizes of 38.8 nm with a standard deviation of 15.6 rim for the 1-m fires and 43.8 nm with a standard deviation of 23.8 nm for the 5-m fires. Particles between 100 and 150 nm in diameter were only observed in the 5-m fires. Soot was present in the form of wispy-chain aggregates, each of which contains an approximately uniform size of primary particles. Analysis of the measured size distributions indicates the potential for significant deviation of radiative properties from those associated with the Rayleigh small particle assumption. For very large aggregates, scattering can comprise up to 17% of the Planck-mean extinction at a temperature of 1600 K, and up to 36% of the extinction at a wavelength of 632 nm. Overall, the trends in the data are consistent with the formation of soot on the fuel-rich side of the flame sheet and subsequent agglomeration upon local flame interface extinction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9116, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9116, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 2707 EP 2714 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600312 ER PT B AU Rubin, JB Davenhall, LB Barton, J Taylor, CMV Tiefert, K AF Rubin, JB Davenhall, LB Barton, J Taylor, CMV Tiefert, K GP IEEE IEEE TI A comparison of chilled DI water ozone and CO2-based supercritical fluids as replacements for photoresist-stripping solvents SO TWENTY THIRD IEEE/CPMT INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology (IEMP) Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1998 CL AUSTIN, TX SP SEMI, CPMT AB Part of the Hewlett Packard Components Group's Product Stewardship program is the ongoing effort to investigate ways to eliminate or reduce as much as possible the use of chemical substances from manufacturing processes. Currently used techniques to remove hard-baked photoresists from semiconductor wafers require the use of inorganic chemicals or organic strippers and associated organic solvents. Environmental, health gr safety, as well as cost considerations prompted the search for alternative, more environmentally-benign, and cost-effective solutions. Two promising, emerging technologies were selected for evaluation:The chilled DI water/ozone technique and supercritical fluids based on carbon dioxide (CO2) Evaluating chilled DI water/ozone shows this process to be effective for positive photoresist removal, but may not be compatible with all metallization systems. Testing of a closed-loop CO2-based supercritical fluid process, known as Supercritical CO2 Resist Remover, or SCORR, at Los Alamos, on behalf of Hewlett-Packard, shows that this treatment process is effective in removing photoresists, and is fully compatible with commonly used metallization systems. In this paper, we present details on the testing programs conducted with both the chilled DI H2O/ozone and SCORR treatment processes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Phys Organ Chem Grp CST 12, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Rubin, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Phys Organ Chem Grp CST 12, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4523-1 PY 1998 BP 308 EP 314 DI 10.1109/IEMT.1998.731087 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL97C UT WOS:000077312100041 ER PT S AU Donati, GP Rodriguez, G Taylor, AJ AF Donati, GP Rodriguez, G Taylor, AJ BE Elsaesser, T Fujimoto, JG Wiersma, DA Zinth, W TI Ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy using a photoexcited low-temperature-grown GaAs tip SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XI SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 12-17, 1998 CL GARMISCH PARTENKI, GERMANY SP Deutsch forsch Gemeinschaft, Bayer Staats Minist Unterricht, Kultus, Wissenschaft & Kunst, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munich, Opt Soc Amer AB We report ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy using a low-temperature-grown GaAs tip photoexcited by 100-fs, 800-nm pulses. We use this tip to detect picosecond transients on a coplanar stripline and demonstrate a temporal resolution of 1.7 ps. A dependence of the transient signal upon spatial position of the tip is revealed, indicating that the signal arises from areas on the sample smaller than similar to 20 nm. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Donati, GP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-65430-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 1998 VL 63 BP 159 EP 161 PG 3 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BN80F UT WOS:000082968300048 ER PT S AU Siders, JLW Jacobs, RN Siders, CW Trugman, SA Taylor, AJ AF Siders, JLW Jacobs, RN Siders, CW Trugman, SA Taylor, AJ BE Elsaesser, T Fujimoto, JG Wiersma, DA Zinth, W TI Nonequilibrium superconductivity and quasiparticle dynamics in YBa2Cu3O7 SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XI SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 12-17, 1998 CL GARMISCH PARTENKI, GERMANY SP Deutsch forsch Gemeinschaft, Bayer Staats Minist Unterricht, Kultus, Wissenschaft & Kunst, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munich, Opt Soc Amer AB We use optical pump, coherent terahertz probe spectroscopy to transiently excite nonequilibrium populations of quasiparticles in YBa2Cu3O7.delta and monitor, with picosecond resolution, the superfluid and quasiparticle dynamics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Siders, JLW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-65430-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 1998 VL 63 BP 365 EP 367 PG 3 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BN80F UT WOS:000082968300110 ER PT S AU Glover, TE Chin, AH Schoenlein, RW Shank, CV AF Glover, TE Chin, AH Schoenlein, RW Shank, CV BE Elsaesser, T Fujimoto, JG Wiersma, DA Zinth, W TI Temporal broadening of femtosecond high harmonic radiation SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XI SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 12-17, 1998 CL GARMISCH PARTENKI, GERMANY SP Deutsch forsch Gemeinschaft, Bayer Staats Minist Unterricht, Kultus, Wissenschaft & Kunst, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munich, Opt Soc Amer AB Measurement of femtosecond high harmonic radiation indicates that significant pulse shortening can be accomplished by limiting the transverse intensity variation of the generating laser pulse. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glover, TE (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-65430-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 1998 VL 63 BP 381 EP 383 PG 3 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BN80F UT WOS:000082968300114 ER PT S AU Schoenlein, RW Balling, P Chong, HHW Glover, TE Heimann, PA Shank, CV Zholents, A Zolotorev, M AF Schoenlein, RW Balling, P Chong, HHW Glover, TE Heimann, PA Shank, CV Zholents, A Zolotorev, M BE Elsaesser, T Fujimoto, JG Wiersma, DA Zinth, W TI Generation of "dark" femtosecond synchrotron pulses from the advanced light source SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XI SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 12-17, 1998 CL GARMISCH PARTENKI, GERMANY SP Deutsch forsch Gemeinschaft, Bayer Staats Minist Unterricht, Kultus, Wissenschaft & Kunst, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munich, Opt Soc Amer AB Femtosecond optical purses extract similar to 100 fs slices of electrons from the electron beam at the ALS. We directly measure the resulting similar to 500-fs "dark" pulses in the synchrotron radiation from a bend-magnet. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schoenlein, RW (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Balling, Peter/D-8116-2013 OI Balling, Peter/0000-0003-4955-770X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-65430-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 1998 VL 63 BP 390 EP 392 PG 3 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BN80F UT WOS:000082968300117 ER PT S AU Zweiback, J Ditmire, T Rubenchik, AM Komashko, A Perry, MD AF Zweiback, J Ditmire, T Rubenchik, AM Komashko, A Perry, MD BE Elsaesser, T Fujimoto, JG Wiersma, DA Zinth, W TI Experimental observation of resonance effects in intensely irradiated atomic clusters SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XI SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 12-17, 1998 CL GARMISCH PARTENKI, GERMANY SP Deutsch forsch Gemeinschaft, Bayer Staats Minist Unterricht, Kultus, Wissenschaft & Kunst, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munich, Opt Soc Amer ID LASER-PULSES; EXPLOSION; GAS AB We have resolved the expansion of intensely irradiated atomic clusters on a femtosecond time scale. These data show evidence for resonant heating, similar to resonance absorption, in spherical cluster plasmas. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zweiback, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-477, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-65430-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 1998 VL 63 BP 485 EP 487 PG 3 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BN80F UT WOS:000082968300146 ER PT S AU Shen, GY Heinz, DL AF Shen, GY Heinz, DL BE Hemley, RJ TI High-pressure melting of deep mantle and core materials SO ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE MINERALOGY: PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH'S DEEP INTERIOR SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review CT Short Course on Ultrahigh-Pressure Mineralogy - Physics and Chemistry of the Earths Deep Interior CY DEC 04-06, 1998 CL UNIV CALIFORNIA DAVIS, DAVIS, CA SP Mineralog Soc Amer HO UNIV CALIFORNIA DAVIS ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; ULTRA-HIGH PRESSURES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; EARTHS OUTER CORE; IN-SITU; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MGSIO3 PEROVSKITE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETRY C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Shen, Guoyin/D-6527-2011 NR 117 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0275-0279 BN 0-939950-48-0 J9 REV MINERAL JI Rev. Mineral. PY 1998 VL 37 BP 369 EP 396 PG 28 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BM10M UT WOS:000077643800012 ER PT J AU Fan, GY Datte, P Beuville, E Beche, JF Millaud, J Downing, KH Burkard, FT Ellisman, MH Xuong, NH AF Fan, GY Datte, P Beuville, E Beche, JF Millaud, J Downing, KH Burkard, FT Ellisman, MH Xuong, NH TI ASIC-based event-driven 2D digital electron counter for TEM imaging SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Letter DE TEM; ASIC; electron detection; digital imaging; CCD; event-driven detector ID SCAN CCD CAMERA; PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MICROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; IMAGERS; SCREEN; SENSOR AB A two-dimensional application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) based detector, designed for X-ray protein crystallography, has been tested to determine its suitability as a direct electron detector for TEM imaging in the voltage range of 20-400 keV. Several markedly different properties of this device distinguish it from the charge coupled device (CCD) detectors: (1) the ASIC detector can be used directly under electron bombardment in the voltage range stated above, therefore requiring no scintillator screen; (2) each active pixel of the device is an electron counter and generates digital output independently; (3) the readout of the device is frameless and event driven; (4) the device can be operated at the room temperature and is nearly noise free; and (5) the counting dynamic range of the device is virtually unlimited. It appears that an imaging system based on this type of device would be ideal for low-dose TEM imaging and online diffraction observation and recording, as well as more conventional imaging, providing the many advantages of direct digital readout for almost all applications. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Res Dept Neurosci, Ctr Res Biol Struct, Natl Ctr Microscopy & Imaging Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys Biol Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fan, GY (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Res Dept Neurosci, Ctr Res Biol Struct, Natl Ctr Microscopy & Imaging Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01644, RR-04050, RR-10748] NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JAN PY 1998 VL 70 IS 3 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(97)00109-5 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA YZ129 UT WOS:000072223200001 PM 9499588 ER PT J AU Miller, DL Gies, RA AF Miller, DL Gies, RA TI The interaction of ultrasonic heating and cavitation in vascular bioeffects on mouse intestine SO ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; bioeffects; petechiae; hemorrhage; cavitation; mechanical index ID PULSED ULTRASOUND; SHOCK-WAVES; PIEZOELECTRIC LITHOTRIPTER; PETECHIAL HEMORRHAGES; KIDNEY HEMORRHAGE; LUNG DAMAGE; EXPOSURE; FIELDS; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISM AB Anesthetized hairless mice were exposed at the midsection to 400-kHz focused ultrasound that was continuous or pulsed with 100-mu s pulses, in a temperature-controlled water bath. After exposure, the intestines were evaluated for petechiae, presumably induced by heating, and hemorrhages, presumably induced by cavitation. Petechiae (up to about 100) occurred above 0.28 MPa (2.6 W cm(-2)) for 1000 s continuous exposure at 37 degrees C, and the threshold increased to 6.5 MPa (1.4 W cm(-2) temporal average) for 1000 s pulsed exposure (0.001 duty factor). Hemorrhages (up to about 10) were seen above 0.65 MPa for continuous exposure (10 s, 100 s or 1000 s), and the threshold increased only to 1.6 MPa for 1000 s pulsed exposure (0.001 duty factor). Fractionating a brief continuous exposure into a low duty-factor pulsed exposure greatly decreased the petechiae, but actually increased the hemorrhages, For example, 1 s continuous exposure at 3.2 MPa (340 W cm(-2)) averaged 0.33 hemorrhages per mouse, and 1 s on-time pulsed exposure (1000 s duration, 0.001 duty factor) at 3.2 MPa (0.34 W cm(-2) temporal average) averaged 4.3 hemorrhages per mouse. More petechiae were induced at 42 degrees C bath temperature relative to 32 degrees C or 37 degrees C, and the hemorrhage effect was somewhat enhanced by elevated temperature. Generally, heating and cavitation appeared to have largely independent roles in vascular bioeffects on mouse intestine. (C) 1998 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42947] NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-5629 J9 ULTRASOUND MED BIOL JI Ultrasound Med. Biol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 24 IS 1 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0301-5629(97)00209-3 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YR015 UT WOS:000071448500015 PM 9483779 ER PT S AU Larson, MC Kondow, M Kitatani, T Nakahara, K Tamura, K Yazawa, Y Okai, M Inoue, H Uomi, K AF Larson, MC Kondow, M Kitatani, T Nakahara, K Tamura, K Yazawa, Y Okai, M Inoue, H Uomi, K BE Choquette, KD Morgan, RA TI Progress in GaInNAs/GaAs long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers II CY JAN 28-29, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs); semiconductor lasers; long wavelength; optical communications; optical data interconnects AB GaInNAs is a novel laser diode active layer material which holds great promise for low-cost optical fiber transmission applications requiring emission wavelengths near 1.3 mu m. GaInNAs permits the realization of a long-wavelength vertical-cavity laser grown directly on a GaAs substrate. Continuous-wave room-temperature photo-pumped laser oscillation has been demonstrated in vertical cavity laser designs employing single or multiple GaInNAs quantum wells, with lasing wavelengths as long as 1.256 mu m. Electrically-injected devices have achieved pulsed operation at room temperature and above, with a minimum threshold current density of 3.1 kA/cm(2), slope efficiency above 0.04 W/A, and output power above 5 mW for 45 mu m-diameter devices. Threshold current has exhibited minimal dependence on temperature from 20 degrees C to 60 degrees C, and laser oscillation is observed for temperatures at high as 95 degrees C. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Larson, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2725-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3286 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.305466 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL04M UT WOS:000074112700003 ER PT S AU Warren, ME Carson, RF Sweatt, WC Wendt, JR Nevers, JA Crawford, MH Hou, HQ AF Warren, ME Carson, RF Sweatt, WC Wendt, JR Nevers, JA Crawford, MH Hou, HQ BE Choquette, KD Morgan, RA TI VCSEL applications in sensors and microsystems SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers II CY JAN 28-29, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers; diffractive optics; sensors; microsystems; position sensing; chemical analysis; capillary electrophoresis; capillary electrochromatography; fluorescence spectrometer; substrate-mode optical interconnects AB Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are uniquely suited to miniaturized free-space optical systems in which surface-mounting and hybrid assembly techniques can be used to combine different technologies together. Two examples are described of such microsystems that are being developed for sensing applications, The first example is a optical position sensing system for rotating parts, Progress on fabricating similar systems by flip-chip bonding techniques is then discussed. The second example is a chemical sensing/analysis system which uses a miniature fluorescence detection module that is based on surface-mounted VCSELs and diffractive optical elements. The detection module is integrated with a capillary electrochromatography separation system and uses substrate-mode light propagation to focus the VCSEL beam on the capillary channel. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Warren, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2725-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3286 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.305467 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL04M UT WOS:000074112700004 ER PT S AU Blum, O Warren, ME Hou, HQ Carson, RF Choquette, KD Rodgers, MS Sniegowski, JJ AF Blum, O Warren, ME Hou, HQ Carson, RF Choquette, KD Rodgers, MS Sniegowski, JJ BE Choquette, KD Morgan, RA TI Combined photonics and MEMs function demonstration SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers II CY JAN 28-29, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE MEMs; shutter; VCSEL; photonic; integration; microsystem AB We discuss two examples of integration of micro-electromechanical system (MEMs) and a photonic device. In the first instance, a MEMs locking device pin is driven by a voltage generated by photovoltaic cells connected in series, which are driven by a laser. In the second case, a VCSEL emitting at 1.06 mu m is packaged together with a metallized MEMs shutter. By appropriate alignment to the opening in the shutter, the VCSEL is turned on and off by the movement of the Si chopper wheel. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Blum, O (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2725-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3286 BP 57 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.305469 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL04M UT WOS:000074112700006 ER PT S AU Geib, KM Choquette, KD Hou, HQ Hammons, BE AF Geib, KM Choquette, KD Hou, HQ Hammons, BE BE Choquette, KD Morgan, RA TI Uniformity and performance of selectively oxidized VCSEL arrays SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers II CY JAN 28-29, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE VCSEL; oxidation; lasers; arrays; 2-dimensional AB The apparent ease of fabrication of large 2-dimensional (2-D) arrays of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) is a distinct advantage over their edge-emitting counter parts(1,2,3). With recent advances in device performance afforded by the advent of oxidized AlGaAs current apertures(4,5), VCSEL arrays have come under scrutiny again. Applications such as free-space interconnects, displays, smart pixels and imaging will benefit from high performance 2-D VCSEL arrays. Emerging applications include the integration of VCSELs with microelectronic micromachine systems (MEMS) and other microelectronic circuitry for a wide variety of purposes. These applications require relatively low power laser arrays with high efficiencies and ultralow drive currents and voltages. All of these applications require arrays with uniform optical and electrical properties across the array as well as reliable individual devices. We report recent progress on the development of individually addressable 8 x 8 arrays of monolithic selectively oxidized VCSELs suitable for use in these applications. We also consider the thermal issues of 2-D arrays and demonstrate high power continuous wave (CW) operation appropriate for high power pump laser applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Geib, KM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2725-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3286 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1117/12.305447 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL04M UT WOS:000074112700008 ER PT S AU Choquette, KD Chow, WW Hou, HQ Geib, KM Hammons, BE AF Choquette, KD Chow, WW Hou, HQ Geib, KM Hammons, BE BE Choquette, KD Morgan, RA TI Coupled resonator vertical cavity laser SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers II CY JAN 28-29, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; coupled resonator; coupled cavity AB The monolithic integration of coupled resonators within a vertical cavity laser opens up new possibilities due to the unique ability to tailor the interaction between the cavities. We report the first electrically injected coupled resonator vertical-cavity laser diode and demonstrate novel characteristics arising from the cavity coupling, including methods for external modulation of the laser. A coupled mode theory is used model the output modulation of the coupled resonator Vertical cavity laser. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Choquette, KD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2725-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3286 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1117/12.305454 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL04M UT WOS:000074112700015 ER PT S AU Gritzo, LA Gill, W Nicolette, VF AF Gritzo, LA Gill, W Nicolette, VF BE Keltner, NR Allvares, NJ Grayson, SJ TI Estimates of the extent and character of the oxygen-starved interior in large pool fires SO VERY LARGE-SCALE FIRES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Very Large-Scale Fires CY JUN 16, 1997 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Comm E5 on Fire Stand DE large pool fires; thermocouple temperature; heat flux; fire models AB Based on data from large pool fire experiments and computational fire field, model simulations, the size, shape, and character of the oxygen-starved interior in large Fool fires is estimated. In the interior of the fire and near the pool surface, low average and low mean deviation temperatures were noted in experimental data for low wind conditions. These trends tend to indicate the presence of a non-combusting region. Using average and mean deviation temperature distributions (supplemented by heat flux measurements) from several data sets, the spatial extent of the vapor dome is estimated for a range of wind conditions. These estimates are compared with fire field model results of temperature and fuel/air concentration distributions. Predicted and measured temperature trends, supported by heat flux data, illustrate the importance of object placement within the fire during system fire survivability testing. The presence of this region also supplements conventional pool fire representations which are based on a continuous flame zone which extends to the pool surface. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gritzo, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2481-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1336 BP 84 EP 98 DI 10.1520/STP12187S PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BM05U UT WOS:000077533000006 ER PT S AU Koski, JA Wix, SD Beene, DE AF Koski, JA Wix, SD Beene, DE BE Keltner, NR Allvares, NJ Grayson, SJ TI Experimental measurement of a shipboard fire environment with simulated radioactive materials packages SO VERY LARGE-SCALE FIRES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Very Large-Scale Fires CY JUN 16, 1997 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Comm E5 on Fire Stand DE ship fires; calorimeters; radioactive materials shipments; cargo fires AB Results from a series of eight test fires ranging in size from 2.2 to 18.8 MW conducted aboard the Coast Guard fire test ship Mayo Lykes at Mobile, Alabama are presented and discussed. Tests aboard the break-bulk type cargo ship consisted of heptane spray fires simulating engine room and galley fires (across bulkhead assault), wood crib fires simulating cargo hold fires (direct assault), and pool fires staged for comparison to land-based regulatory fire results. Primary instrumentation for the tests consisted of two pipe calorimeters that simulated a typical package shape for radioactive materials packages. The calorimeters were both located adjacent to the fires and on the opposite side of the cargo hold bulkhead nearest the fire. The calorimeters were constructed from 1.5 m length sections of nominal 2 foot diameter schedule 60 steel pipe. Type K thermocouples were attached at 12 locations on the circumference and ends of the calorimeter. Fire heat fluxes to the calorimeter surfaces were estimated with the use of the Sandia SODDIT inverse heat conduction code. Experimental results from all types of tests are discussed, and some comparisons are made between the environments found on the ship and those found in land-based pool fire tests. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Transportat Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Koski, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Transportat Syst Dept, MS-0717, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2481-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1336 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1520/STP12190S PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BM05U UT WOS:000077533000009 ER PT B AU Miller, NE Wing, PC Brewster, M Foote, H AF Miller, NE Wing, PC Brewster, M Foote, H BE Ebert, D Rushmeier, H Hagen, H TI Topic ISLANDS (TM) - A wavelet-based text visualization system SO VISUALIZATION '98, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual IEEE Conference on Visualization (VIS 98) CY OCT 18-23, 1998 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH DE text visualization; information visualization; wavelet transform; and information retrieval AB We present a novel approach to visualize and explore unstructured text. The underlying technology, called TOPIC-O-GRAPHY(TM) applies wavelet transforms to a custom digital signal constructed from words within a document. The resultant multiresolution wavelet energy is used to analyze the characteristics of the narrative flow in the frequency domain, such as theme changes, which is then related to the overall thematic content of the text document using statistical methods. The thematic characteristics of a document can be analyzed at varying degrees of detail, ranging from section-sized text partitions to partitions consisting of a few words. Using this technology, we are developing a visualization system prototype known as TOPIC ISLANDS(TM) to browse a document, generate fuzzy document outlines, summarize text by levels of detail and according to user interests, define meaningful subdocuments, query text content, and provide summaries of topic evolution. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM nancy.miller@pnl.gov; pak.wong@pnl.gov; harian.foote@pnl.gov RI Athan, Tara/C-8633-2009 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-106-2 PY 1998 BP 189 EP + PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM36W UT WOS:000078506400023 ER PT B AU Max, N AF Max, N BE Ebert, D Rushmeier, H Hagen, H TI Visualizing hilbert curves SO VISUALIZATION '98, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual IEEE Conference on Visualization (VIS 98) CY OCT 18-23, 1998 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH AB A computer animated movie was produced, illustrating both 2D and 3D Hilbert curves, and showing the transition from 2D to 3D with the help of volume rendering. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Max, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-106-2 PY 1998 BP 447 EP + DI 10.1109/VISUAL.1998.745340 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM36W UT WOS:000078506400061 ER PT B AU Heermann, PD AF Heermann, PD BE Ebert, D Rushmeier, H Hagen, H TI Production visualization for the ASCI one teraFLOPS machine SO VISUALIZATION '98, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual IEEE Conference on Visualization (VIS 98) CY OCT 18-23, 1998 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH DE accelerated strategic computing initiative; visualization; isosurfacing; systems engineering; massive parallel processing AB The delivery of the first one tera-operations/sec computer has significantly impacted production data visualization, affecting data transfer, post processing, and rendering. Terascale computing has motivated a need to consider the entire data visualization system; improving a single algorithm is not sufficient. This paper presents a systems approach to decrease by a factor of four the time required to prepare large data sets for visualization. For daily production use, all stages in the processing pipeline from physics simulation code to pixels on a screen, must be balanced to yield good overall performance. Performance of the initial visualization system is compared with recent improvements. "Lessons learned" from the coordinated deployment of improved algorithms also are discussed, including the need for 64 bit addressing and a fully parallel data visualization pipeline. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heermann, PD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-106-2 PY 1998 BP 459 EP + DI 10.1109/VISUAL.1998.745343 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM36W UT WOS:000078506400064 ER PT B AU Ma, H Jones, KW Stern, EA AF Ma, H Jones, KW Stern, EA BE Ebert, D Rushmeier, H Hagen, H TI Scientific visualization and data modeling of scattered sediment contaminant data in New York New Jersey estuaries SO VISUALIZATION '98, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual IEEE Conference on Visualization (VIS 98) CY OCT 18-23, 1998 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH DE scattered data modeling; spectral domain decomposition method ID EQUATIONS AB Sediments in many parts of the New York and New Jersey estuary system are contaminated with toxic organic and inorganic compounds by different sources. Because of the potential environmental consequences, detailed information on the spatial distribution of sediment contaminants is essential in order to carry out routine shipping channel dredging in an environmentally responsible way, and to remediate hot spots cost-effectively and safely. Scientific visualization and scatter data modeling techniques have been successfully applied in analyzing the sparse sampling data of sediment contaminants in New York and New Jersey estuaries, the underlying spatial characteristics of which are otherwise difficult to comprehend. Continuous realizations of contaminant concentrations in the region were obtained by using a spectral domain-decomposition scattered data model and IBM Data Explorer which is a software package for scientific data visualization. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ma, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-106-2 PY 1998 BP 467 EP + DI 10.1109/VISUAL.1998.745345 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM36W UT WOS:000078506400066 ER PT B AU McPherson, A Maltrud, M AF McPherson, A Maltrud, M BE Ebert, D Rushmeier, H Hagen, H TI POPTEX: Interactive ocean model visualization using texture mapping hardware SO VISUALIZATION '98, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual IEEE Conference on Visualization (VIS 98) CY OCT 18-23, 1998 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH AB Global circulation models are used to gain an understanding of the processes that affect the Earth's climate and may ultimately be used to assess the impact of humanity's activities on it. The POP ocean model developed at Los Alamos is an example of such a global circulation model that is being used to investigate the role of the ocean in the climate system. Data output from POP has traditionally been visualized using video technology which precludes rapid modification of visualization parameters and techniques. This paper describes a visualization system that leverages high speed graphics hardware, specifically texture mapping hardware, to accelerate data exploration to interactive rates. We describe the design of the system, the specific hardware features used, and provide examples of its use. The system is capable of viewing ocean circulation simulation results at up to 60 frames per second while loading texture memory at approximately 72 million texels per second. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McPherson, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-106-2 PY 1998 BP 471 EP + DI 10.1109/VISUAL.1998.745346 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM36W UT WOS:000078506400067 ER PT J AU Rashed, M Shih, WK Jallepalli, S Zaman, R Kwan, TJT Maziar, CM AF Rashed, M Shih, WK Jallepalli, S Zaman, R Kwan, TJT Maziar, CM TI A Monte Carlo study of electron transport in strained Si/SiGe heterostructures SO VLSI DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE-4) CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 1995 CL TEMPE, ARIZONA SP USA, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res, Arizona State Univ ID SIMULATION; LAYERS AB Electron transport in pseudomorphically-grown silicon on relaxed (001) Si1-xGex is investigated using a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation tool. The study includes both electron transport in bulk materials and in nMOS structures. The bulk MC simulator is based on a multiband analytical model, "fitted bands", representing the features of a realistic energy bandstructure. The investigation includes the study of low- and high-field electron transport characteristics at 77 K and 300 K. Single particle MC simulations are performed for a strained silicon nMOS structure at room temperature. Both calculations show saturation of mobility enhancement in strained silicon beyond germanium mole fraction of 0.2. C1 Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rashed, M (reprint author), Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1065-514X J9 VLSI DES JI VLSI Des. PY 1998 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.1155/1998/45289 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA 110BF UT WOS:000075358800046 ER PT J AU Kuprat, A George, D Linnebur, E Trease, H Smith, RK AF Kuprat, A George, D Linnebur, E Trease, H Smith, RK TI Moving adaptive unstructured 3-D meshes in semiconductor process modeling applications SO VLSI DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE-4) CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 1995 CL TEMPE, ARIZONA SP USA, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res, Arizona State Univ DE adaptive mesh refinement; adaptive mesh smoothing; mesh reconnection; multimaterial grids; moving grids; moving surfaces; unstructured grids AB The next generation of semiconductor process and device modeling codes will require 3-D mesh capabilities including moving volume and surface grids, adaptive mesh refinement and adaptive mesh smoothing. To illustrate the value of these techniques, a time dependent process simulation model was constructed using analytic functions to return time dependent dopant concentration and time dependent SiO2 volume and surface velocities. Adaptive mesh refinement and adaptive mesh smoothing techniques were used to resolve the moving boron dopant diffusion front in the Si substrate. The adaptive mesh smoothing technique involves minimizing the L-2 norm of the gradient of the error between the true dopant concentration and the piecewise linear approximation over the tetrahedral mesh thus assuring that the mesh is optimal for representing evolving solution gradients. Also implemented is constrained boundary smoothing, wherein the moving SiO2/Si interface is represented by moving nodes that correctly track the interface motion, and which use their remaining degrees of freedom to minimize the aforementioned error norm. Thus, optimal tetrahedral shape and alignment is obtained even in the neighborhood of a moving boundary. If desired, a topological "reconnection" step maintains a Delaunay mesh at all times. The combination of adaptive refinement, adaptive smoothing, and mesh reconnection gives excellent front tracking, feature resolution, and grid quality for finite volume/finite element computation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lucent Bell Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kuprat, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lucent Bell Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Kuprat, Andrew/0000-0003-4159-918X NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1065-514X J9 VLSI DES JI VLSI Des. PY 1998 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 373 EP 378 DI 10.1155/1998/15828 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA 110BF UT WOS:000075358800074 ER PT B AU Capala, J Diaz, AZ Chanana, AD AF Capala, J Diaz, AZ Chanana, AD BE Paliwal, BR Fowler, JF Herbert, DE Mehta, MP TI Nominal effective radiation doses delivered during clinical trials of boron neutron capture therapy SO VOLUME & KINETICS IN TUMOR CONTROL & NORMAL TISSUE COMPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dose, Time and Fractionation in Radiation Oncology CY SEP 10-13, 1997 CL MADISON, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Dept Human Oncol ID IRRADIATIONS; ENHANCEMENT C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Capala, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-888340-11-8 PY 1998 BP 439 EP 446 PG 8 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN57Y UT WOS:000082301700046 ER PT B AU Beiu, V AF Beiu, V BE Braga, ADP Ludermir, TB TI On Kolmogorov's superpositions and Boolean functions SO VTH BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON NEURAL NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks CY DEC 09-11, 1998 CL BELO HORIZONT, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Comp Soc, Int Neural Network Soc, Fed Univ Minas Gerais DE neural networks; Kolmogorov's superpositions; Boolean circuits; threshold gate circuits; analog circuits; size; precision AB The paper overviews results dealing with the approximation capabilities of neural networks, as well as bounds on the size of threshold gate circuits. Based on an explicit numerical (i.e., constructive) algorithm for Kolmogorov's superpositions we will show that for obtaining minimum size neural networks for implementing any Boolean function, the activation function of the neurons is the identity function. Because classical AND-OR implementations, as well as threshold gate implementations require exponential size (in the worst case), it will follow that she-optimal solutions for implementing arbitrary Boolean functions require analog circuitry. Conclusions and several comments on the required precision are ending the paper. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Div NIS1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beiu, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Div NIS1, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Beiu, Valeriu/F-7799-2015 OI Beiu, Valeriu/0000-0001-8185-956X NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8630-8 PY 1998 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1109/SBRN.1998.730994 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BM17F UT WOS:000077901600010 ER PT J AU Brey, RR Butikofer, T McConnell, JW Rogers, RD AF Brey, RR Butikofer, T McConnell, JW Rogers, RD TI Radiocolloids in leachate from the NRC field lysimeter investigations SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FILTRATION; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; AQUIFER AB An investigation of colloidal particles has been completed on leachate samples collected from sand and soil-filled lysimeters (of the Field Lysimeter Investigation: Low-Level Waste Data Base Development Program) in which low-level radioactive waste forms were buried. An array of analytical techniques including: gamma spectroscopy, liquid scintillation spectrometry, gross alpha and beta particle proportional counting, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), neutron activation analysis (NAA), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), proton induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE), gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were performed on samples thought to contain colloidal particles to determine particle composition and the nature of their association with radioactive material. Several different types of particles ranging in size from 0.02 to 20 mu m were identified within the leachate including crystalline calcium hydroxide particles, rounded siliceous grains, angular weathered soil, and spherical particles apparently composed of an organic polymer. The primary radioactive material associated with these particles was Sr-90. About 2% of the total Sr-90 activity in the leachate is associated with colloidal particles. This information indicates that colloidal particles play a role in radioactive material transport through lysimeter soils. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys Hlth Phys, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Brey, RR (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys Hlth Phys, Campus Box 8106, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM brey@physics.isu.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00013-0 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135WT UT WOS:000076826200005 ER PT J AU Singh, D Wagh, AS Tlustochowicz, M Jeong, SY AF Singh, D Wagh, AS Tlustochowicz, M Jeong, SY TI Phosphate ceramic process for macroencapsulation and stabilization of low-level debris wastes SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Across the DOE complex, large quantities of contaminated debris and irradiated lead bricks have been accumulated for disposal. Under the US Environmental Protection Agency's Alternative Treatment Standards, the preferred method of disposal of these wastes is macroencapsulation. Chemically bonded phosphate ceramic (CBPC) is a novel binder that was developed at Argonne National Laboratory to stabilize and solidify various low-level mixed wastes. This binder is extremely strong, dense, and impervious to water. In this investigation, CBPC has been used to demonstrate macroencapsulation of various contaminated debris wastes, including cryofractured debris, lead bricks, lead-lined plastic gloves, and mercury-contaminated crushed glass. This paper describes the fabrication of the waste forms, as well as the results of various characterizations performed on the waste forms. The results show that the simple and low-cost CBPC is an excellent material system for the macroencapsulation of debris wastes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Singh, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Wagh, Arun/0000-0002-8678-7574 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00018-X PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135WP UT WOS:000076825900006 ER PT J AU Dziewinski, J Marczak, S Nuttall, E Purdy, G Smith, W Taylor, J Zhou, C AF Dziewinski, J Marczak, S Nuttall, E Purdy, G Smith, W Taylor, J Zhou, C TI Developing and testing electrochemical methods for treating metal salts, cyanides and organic compounds in waste streams SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION AB Electrochemical methods to process radioactive and hazardous (mixed) wastes were studied at a bench scale. Cadmium, copper, mercury, and chromium salts, cyanides, and simple organic compounds were used in the tests. Effective conditions were found to process these waste components by electrolysis. The equipment used in the tests included flow-through cells, a membrane cell, and a graphite packed bed cell. The tested methods included an open cell electrolysis, use of pulsating current, and mediated electrooxidation. The experiments demonstrated the feasibility of applying electrochemical systems to treat the studied waste components. The great advantage of electrochemical systems is that the treatment of various wastes, or streams containing selected waste components, can be accomplished in a single treatment unit. Additional advantages of electrochemical systems are their safety, ability to recycle, and the fact that they are inclined to receive a positive public perception. The tested systems are presently used at Los Alamos National Laboratory to process mixed wastes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Faraday Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Dziewinski, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jacek@lanl.gov OI Taylor, Earl/0000-0002-3410-0267 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00029-4 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147KM UT WOS:000077567300005 ER PT J AU Lemieux, PM Ryan, JV French, NB Haas, WJ Priebe, S Burns, DB AF Lemieux, PM Ryan, JV French, NB Haas, WJ Priebe, S Burns, DB TI Results of the September 1997 DOE/EPA demonstration of multimetal continuous emission monitoring technologies SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB In September 1997, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) co-sponsored a demonstration of several multimetal continuous emission monitors (CEMs). The demonstration, performed at the EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division's combustion laboratory in Research Triangle Park, NC, involved the side-by-side testing of seven multimetal CEMs at various stages of commercialization. A series of tests were performed to compare results from the multimetal CEMs to Method 0060, the EPA reference method (RM) for metals emission measurements, using the relative accuracy test audit (RATA) protocol. The EPA operated the test facility and performed the RM sampling, and each multimetal CEM was operated by the instrument's respective developer. To accomplish these tests, an aqueous solution of six toxic metals (arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury), along with flyash from a coal-fired utility boiler, was injected into the afterburner of the EPAs rotary kiln incinerator simulator facility to generate a combustor flue gas with realistic post-flue gas cleaning system particulate loadings and target metals concentrations of approximately 15 and 75 mu g/m(3), which constituted the low and high concentration test conditions. The multimetal CEMs that participated in the test included two laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) systems, two inductively coupled plasma (ICP) systems, a spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SIBS) system, a hazardous element sampling train with X-ray fluorescence (HEST/XRF), and a microwave plasma system. Ten RM-CEM sample pairs were taken at both the low and high concentration test conditions, and the relative accuracies of the multimetal CEMs were calculated. This test provided performance data that will be used to assess the current state of the art in multimetal CEMs. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Sky& Inc, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lemieux, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 6-8 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00123-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179EB UT WOS:000079311700005 ER PT J AU Mendelsohn, MH Livengood, CD AF Mendelsohn, MH Livengood, CD TI Stability studies of waste produced in pilot-plant testing using ferrous-EDTA and magnesium-enhanced lime for combined sulfur-dioxide/nitrogen oxides removal SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ferrous EDTA; fluegas; leachate; sludge; SO2/NOx; wetscrubber AB A pilot-plant-scale study of combined sulfur dioxide/nitrogen oxides (SO2/NOx) removal has been performed by the Dravo Lime Company at the Cincinnati Gas and Electric Company's Miami Fort Station in North Bend, Ohio. This study used Dravo's patented Thiosorbic(R) lime process along with Argonne National Laboratory's (ANL's) patented process for combined SO2/NOx removal using the chelate ferrous-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Fe EDTA). For approximately nine months, scrubbing tests were carried out, and waste samples were collected. Waste testing at ANL involved two types of long-term chemical stability experiments. In one test, the gas-phase composition above several different samples was studied by mass spectrometry over 22 months. Unexpectedly, production of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide was observed in some of the samples. The other experiment involved solid-phase leaching. Samples were stored for up to 14 months before leaching. Each leachate was tested for total Kjeldahl nitrogen and for the nitrogen-containing ions nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium. Significant amounts of ammonium ions were found in two of the samples. Total leachable nitrogen was found to stabilize after about the first 7 months of storage. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mendelsohn, MH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 105 EP 121 DI 10.1023/A:1004958020312 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA ZA207 UT WOS:000072339900008 ER PT J AU Martin, HW Kaplan, DI AF Martin, HW Kaplan, DI TI Temporal changes in cadmium, thallium, and vanadium mobility in soil and phytoavailability under field conditions SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; bush bean; cadmium; contamination; heavy metal; industrial waste; mobility; Phaseolus vulgaris; sandy soil; Savannah River Site; soil; thallium; vanadium ID ADSORPTION; TOXICITY; PLANTS; LEAD; PB; CD AB A field study was conducted over a 30 mo period to examine movement of Cd, Tl, and V through the profile of a Coastal Plain soil (Typic Kandiudult) and the availability of these trace metals to bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris is L.) plants. The metals were applied to field plots as dissolved salts and mixed into the surface 7.5 cm. The greatest concentration of all three metals was observed in the surface soils, with a steep decrease occurring down to the 7.5 to 15 cm depth. Thallium was the most mobile of the three metals; approximately 15% of the applied Tl and <3% of the applied Cd and V moved below the surface 7.5-cm region during the 30-mo experiment. Extractable concentrations of all three metals in the surface soils decreased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) during the initial 18 mo after treatment. No further decrease occurred between 18 and 30 mo. The presence of Al- and Fe-oxides and small amounts of clay minerals and organic matter in this highly-weathered, low cation-exchange soil were likely responsible for the retention of the trace metals. Bioavailability, as measured by concentrations and total amounts of metals in root and aboveground tissues of plants, did not change significantly between 18 and 30 mo. These data suggest that bioavailability of Cd, Tl, and V decreased over time as a result of transformation of these elements into unavailable forms and not to leaching. These changes in bioavailability occurred soon after application, becoming negligible after 18 mo. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Biogeochem Div, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Martin, HW (reprint author), 229-A Presidential Dr, Greenville, DE 19807 USA. NR 29 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 27 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1023/A:1004906313547 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA ZA207 UT WOS:000072339900024 ER PT B AU Gadgil, A Drescher, A Greene, D Miller, P Motau, C Stevens, F AF Gadgil, A Drescher, A Greene, D Miller, P Motau, C Stevens, F BE Pickford, J Barker, P Elson, B Ince, M Larcher, P Miles, D Parr, J Sansom, K Saywell, D Smith, M Smout, I TI Field-testing UV disinfection of drinking water SO WATER AND SANITATION FOR ALL: PARTNERSHIPS AND INNOVATIONS: SELECTED PAPERS OF THE 23RD WEDC CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd WEDC Conference on Water and Sanitation for All - Partnerships and Innovations CY 1997 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA SP Water Engn & Dev Ctr C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gadgil, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERMEDIATE TECHNOLOGY PUBLICATIONS PI LONDON PA 103-105 SOUTHAMPTON ROW, LONDON WC1B 4HH, ENGLAND BN 1-85339-444-0 PY 1998 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BM51Q UT WOS:000078935600017 ER PT J AU Boopathy, R Manning, J Kulpa, CF AF Boopathy, R Manning, J Kulpa, CF TI A laboratory study of the bioremediation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-contaminated soil using aerobic/anoxic soil slurry reactor SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE munitions; explosives; bioremediation; soil slurry reactor; trinitrotoluene; dinitrotoluene ID SP B-STRAIN; MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; CONTAMINATED SOILS; NITROGEN-SOURCE; TNT; METABOLISM AB The successful operation of an aerobic/anoxic laboratory-scale soil slurry reactor showed that soil contaminated with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) could be treated in batches or semicontinuously. Batch treatment resulted in the transformation of TNT. Semicontinuous treatment resulted in complete degradation of TNT. In addition to removing TNT, the slurry reactor also removed contaminants such as trinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, RDX, and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocine (HMX). Radiolabeled TNT incubated with reactor biomass showed that 23% of [C-14]TNT was mineralized, 27% was converted to biomass, and 8% was adsorbed onto the soil. The rest of the [C-14]TNT was accounted for as metabolites, including a ring cleavage product identified as 2,3-butanediol. Increasing the frequency of soil addition from once to two or three times weekly did not affect the TNT removal rates. The soil slurry reactor also maintained the bacterial population fairly well, needing only 0.3% molasses as a cosubstrate. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Boopathy, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 70 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.2175/106143098X126919 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA YV873 UT WOS:000071872100010 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, DM Neuman, SP AF Tartakovsky, DM Neuman, SP TI Transient flow in bounded randomly heterogeneous domains 1. Exact conditional moment equations and recursive approximations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXACT NONLOCAL FORMALISM; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; WEAK APPROXIMATION; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; MEDIA; CONDUCTIVITY; STATIONARY; TRANSPORT AB We consider the effect of measuring randomly varying local hydraulic conductivities K(x) on one's ability to predict transient flow within bounded domains, driven by random sources, initial head, and boundary conditions. Our aim is to allow optimum unbiased prediction of local hydraulic heads h(x, t) and Darcy fluxes q(x, t) by means of their ensemble moments, [h(x, t)](c) and [q(x, t)](c), conditioned on measurements of K(x). We show that these predictors satisfy a compact deterministic flow equation which contains a space-time integrodifferential "residual flux" term. This term renders [q(g, t)](c) nonlocal and non-Darcian so that the concept of effective hydraulic conductivity looses meaning in all but a few special cases, Instead, the residual flux contains kernels that constitute nonlocal parameters in space-time that are additionally conditional on hydraulic conductivity data and thus nonunique. The kernels include symmetric and nonsymmetric second-rank tensors as well as vectors, We also develop nonlocal equations for second conditional moments of head and flux which constitute measures of predictive uncertainty. The nonlocal expressions cannot be evaluated directly without either a closure approximation or high-resolution conditional Monte Carlo simulation. To render our theory workable, we develop recursive closure approximations for the moment equations through expansion in powers of a small parameter which represents the standard estimation error of natural log K(x). These approximations are valid to arbitrary order for either mildly heterogeneous or well-conditioned strongly heterogeneous media. They allow, in principle, evaluating the conditional moments numerically on relatively coarse grids, without upscaling, by standard methods such as finite elements. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Tartakovsky, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geoanal Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 12 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1029/97WR02118 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA YQ256 UT WOS:000071367100001 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, DM Neuman, SP AF Tartakovsky, DM Neuman, SP TI Transient flow in bounded randomly heterogeneous domains 2. Localization of conditional mean equations and temporal nonlocality effects SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB In randomly heterogeneous porous media one cannot predict flow behavior with certainty. One can, however, render optimum unbiased predictions of such behavior by means of conditional ensemble mean hydraulic heads and fluxes. We have shown in paper 1 [Tartakovsky and Neuman, this issue] that under transient flow, these optimum predictors are governed by nonlocal equations, In particular, the conditional mean flux is generally nonlocal in space-time and therefore non-Darcian. As such, it cannot be associated with an effective hydraulic conductivity except in special cases, Here we explore analytically situations under which localization is possible so that Darcy's law applies in real, Laplace, and/or infinite Fourier transformed spaces, approximately or exactly, with or without conditioning. We show that the corresponding conditional effective hydraulic conductivity tensor is generally nonsymmetric. An alternative to Darcy's law in each case, valid under mean no-flow conditions along Neumann boundaries, is a quasi-Darcian form that includes only a symmetric tensor which, however, does not constitute a bona fide effective hydraulic conductivity. Both lack of symmetry and differences between Darcian and quasi-Darcian forms disappear to first (but not necessarily higher) order of approximation in the (conditional) variance of natural log hydraulic conductivity. We adopt such an approximation to investigate analytically the effect of temporal nonlocality on one-and three-dimensional mean flows in infinite, statistically homogeneous media, Our results show that temporal nonlocality may manifest itself under either monotonic or oscillatory time variations in the mean hydraulic gradient. The effect of temporal nonlocality increases with the variance of log hydraulic conductivity and is more pronounced in one dimension than in three. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Tartakovsky, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geoanal Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 3 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1029/97WR02117 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA YQ256 UT WOS:000071367100002 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, DM Neuman, SP AF Tartakovsky, DM Neuman, SP TI Transient effective hydraulic conductivities under slowly and rapidly varying mean gradients in bounded three-dimensional random media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We have shown elsewhere [Tartakovsky and Neumnn, this issue (a)] that in randomly heterogeneous media, the ensemble mean transient flux is generally nonlocal in space-time and therefore non-Darcian. We have also shown [Tartakovsky and Neuman, this issue (b)] that there are special situations in which this flux can be localized so as to render it Darcian in real or transformed domains. Each such situation gives rise to an effective hydraulic conductivity which relates mean gradient to mean flux at any point in real or transformed space-time. In this paper we develop first-order analytical expressions for effective hydraulic conductivity under three-dimensional transient flow through a box-shaped domain due to a mean hydraulic gradient that varies slowly in space and time. When the mean gradient varies rapidly in time, the Laplace transform of the mean flux is local but its real-time equivalent includes a temporal convolution integral; we develop analytical expressions for the real-time kernel of this convolution integral. The box is embedded within a statistically homogeneous natural log hydraulic conductivity field that is Gaussian and exhibits an anisotropic exponential spatial correlation structure. By the effective hydraulic conductivity of a finite box in such a field we imply the ensemble mean (expected value) of all random equivalent conductivities that one could associate with the box under these conditions. We explore the influence of domain size, time, and statistical anisotropy on effective conductivity and include a simple new formula for its variation with statistical anisotropy ratio in an infinite domain under steady state. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Tartakovsky, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geoanal Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 8 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1029/97WR01965 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA YQ256 UT WOS:000071367100003 ER PT J AU Narasimhan, TN AF Narasimhan, TN TI Hydraulic characterization of aquifers, reservoir rocks, and soils: A history of ideas SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SORPTIVITY; FIELD; FLOW AB Estimation of the hydraulic properties of aquifers, petroleum reservoir rocks, and soil systems is a fundamental task in many branches of Earth sciences and engineering. The transient diffusion equation proposed by Fourier early in the 19th century for heat conduction in solids constitutes the basis for inverting hydraulic test data collected in the field to estimate the two basic parameters of interest, namely, hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic capacitance. Combining developments in fluid mechanics, heat conduction, and potential theory, the civil engineers of the 19th century, such as Darcy, Dupuit, and Forchheimer, solved many useful problems of steady state seepage of water. Interest soon shifted towards the understanding of the transient flow process. The turn of the century saw Buckingham establish the role of capillary potential in governing moisture movement in partially water-saturated soils. The 1920s saw remarkable developments in several branches of the Earth sciences; Terzaghi's analysis of deformation of water-saturated earth materials, the invention of the tensiometer by Willard Gardner, Meinzer's work on the compressibility of elastic aquifers, and the study of the mechanics of oil and as reservoirs by Muskat and others, In the 1930s these led to a systematic analysis of pressure transients from aquifers and petroleum reservoirs through the work of Theis and Hurst. The response of a subsurface flow system to a hydraulic perturbation is governed by its geometric attributes as well as its material properties. In inverting field data to estimate hydraulic parameters, one makes the fundamental assumption that the flow geometry is known a priori. This approach has generally served us well in matters relating to resource development primarily concerned with forecasting fluid pressure declines. Over the past two decades, Earth scientists have become increasingly concerned with environmental contamination problems. The resolution of these problems requires that hydraulic characterization be carried out at a much finer spatial scale, for which adequate information on geometric detail is not forthcoming. Traditional methods of interpretation of field data have relied heavily on analytic solutions to specific, highly idealized initial-value problems, The availability df efficient numerical models and versatile spreadsheets of personal computers offer promising opportunities to relax many unavoidable assumptions of analytical solutions and interpret field data much more generally and with fewer assumptions. Currently, a lot of interest is being devoted to the characterization of permeability. However, all groundwater systems are transient on appropriate timescales The dynamics of groundwater systems cannot be understood without paying attention to capacitance, Much valuable insights about the dynamic attributes of groundwater systems could be gained by long-term passive monitoring of responses of groundwater systems to barometric changes, Earth tides, and ocean tides. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94526 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94526 USA. RP Narasimhan, TN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Div Earth Sci, 467 Evans Hall, Berkeley, CA 94526 USA. EM tnnarasimhan@lbl.gov NR 99 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1029/97WR02714 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA YQ256 UT WOS:000071367100004 ER PT B AU Cole, DR Riciputi, LR Horita, J Chacko, T AF Cole, DR Riciputi, LR Horita, J Chacko, T BE Arehart, GB Hulston, JR TI Stable isotope exchange equilibria and kinetics in mineral-fluid systems SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-9) CY MAR 30-APR 03, 1998 CL TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, New Zealand Inst Geol & Nucl Sci AB Critical to the interpretation of stable isotope distributions in natural systems is the knowledge of the equilibrium fractionations and rates of exchange between minerals and fluids. Oxygen isotope exchange rates between either metal carbonates or sheet silicates and water have been measured at 300 and 350 degrees C, respectively. The dominant mechanism of exchange in these systems is recrystallization. For a given mineral group, a linear relationship is observed between the rates and the lattice energies of the minerals. Preliminary oxygen isotope fractionation data are also presented for the system chlorite-water for the temperature range of 170 to 350 degrees C. A new approach to the determination of equilibrium hydrogen isotope fractionation using the ion microprobe is described with application to the epidote-water system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cole, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-942-4 PY 1998 BP 827 EP 830 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BK87J UT WOS:000073721700196 ER PT S AU Eichel, PH Ives, RW AF Eichel, PH Ives, RW BE Szu, HH TI Very low rate compression of speckled SAR imagery SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE synthetic aperture radar; image compression; wavelets; speckle AB Synthetic Aperture Radars produce coherent, and speckled, high resolution images of the ground. Because modern systems can generate large amounts of imagery, there is substantial interest in applying image compression techniques to these products. In this paper, we examine the properties of speckled imagery relevant to the task of data compression. In particular, we demonstrate the advisability of compressing the speckle mean function rather than the literal image. The theory, methodology, and an example are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Eichel, PH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0572, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1117/12.304862 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200012 ER PT S AU Kercel, SW Dress, WB Hibbs, AD Barrall, GA AF Kercel, SW Dress, WB Hibbs, AD Barrall, GA BE Szu, HH TI Investigation of wavelet-based enhancements to nuclear quadrupole resonance explosives detectors SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE "quadrupole resonance"; "explosives detection"; "wavelet feature extraction"; "multiresolution analysis"; "RDX signatures" AB Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) is effective for the detection and identification of certain types of explosives such as RDX, PETN and TNT. In explosive detection, the NQR response of certain 14N nuclei present in the crystalline material is probed. The 14N nuclei possess a nuclear quadrupole moment which in the presence of an electric field gradient produces an energy level splitting which may be excited by radio-frequency magnetic fields. Pulsing on the sample with a radio signal of the appropriate frequency produces a transient NQR response which may then be detected. Since the resonant frequency is dependent upon both the quadrupole moment of the 14N nucleus and the nature of the local electric field gradients, it is very compound specific. Under DARPA sponsorship, the authors are using multiresolution methods to investigate the enhancement of operation of NQR explosives detectors used for land mine detection. For this application, NQR processing time must be reduced to less than one second False alarm responses due to acoustic and piezoelectric ringing must be suppressed. Also, as TNT is the most prevalent explosive found in land mines NQR detection of TNT must be made practical despite unfavorable relaxation times. All three issues require improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, and all would benefit from improved feature extraction. This paper reports some of the insights provided by multiresolution methods that can be used to obtain these improvements. It includes results of multiresolution analysis of experimentally observed NQR signatures for RDX responses and various false alarm signatures in the absence of explosive compounds. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kercel, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6011, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 424 EP 434 DI 10.1117/12.304892 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200041 ER PT S AU Blau, PJ Zanoria, ES AF Blau, PJ Zanoria, ES BE Bahadur, S Magee, J TI Use of a two-body belt abrasion test to measure the grindability of advanced ceramic materials SO WEAR PROCESSES IN MANUFACTURING SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wear Processes in Manufacturing held in Conjunction with Standards Development Meeting of Committee G-2 on Wear and Erosion CY MAY 06-08, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Comm G-2 DE abrasion; abrasive wear; abrasive belts; ceramics; grinding; wear of ceramics AB The same properties that make engineering materials attractive for use on severe thermal and mechanical environments (e.g., high hardness, high temperature strength, high fracture toughness) generally tend to make those materials difficult to grind and finish. In the mid-1990's, a belt abrasion test was developed under subcontract to Oak Ridge National Laboratory to help to assess the grindability of structural ceramic materials. The procedure involves applying a 10 N normal force to the end face of a 3 x 4 mm cross-section test bar for 30 seconds which is rubbed against a wet, 220 grit diamond belt moving at 10 m/s. By measuring the change in the bar length after at least six 30-second tests, a belt grindability index is computed and expressed using the same units as a traditional wear factor (i.e., mm(3)/N-m). The test has shown an excellent capability to discriminate not only between ceramics of different basic compositions, e.g. Al2O3, SiC, and Si3N4, but also between different lots of the same basic ceramic. Test-to-test variability decreases if the belt is worn in on the material of interest. The surface roughness of the abraded ends of the test specimens does not correlate directly with the belt grindability index, but instead reflects another attribute of grindability; namely, the ability of a material to abrade smoothly without leaving excessive rough and pitted areas. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blau, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2603-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1362 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1520/STP15735S PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BM60E UT WOS:000079217700002 ER PT J AU Franco-Ferreira, EA Rinehart, GH AF Franco-Ferreira, EA Rinehart, GH TI Radioisotopic heater units warm an interplanetary spacecraft SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Franco-Ferreira, EA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 77 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YQ990 UT WOS:000071445500003 ER PT S AU Han, J Fleming, JG Follstaedt, DM AF Han, J Fleming, JG Follstaedt, DM BE DenBaars, S Palmour, J Shur, M Spencer, M TI MOCVD growth of GaN on silicon and related surfaces SO WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR HIGH POWER, HIGH FREQUENCY AND HIGH TEMPERATURE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for High Power, High Frequency and High Temperature CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON Inc, Cree Res Inc, EMCORE Corp, Northrop Grumman Sci & Technol Ctr AB The growth of GaN on silicon (Si) substrates by MOCVD is reported in this paper. The use of a high-temperature AIN buffer layer appears to be necessary to establish an initial template morphology for the subsequent growth of GaN. Nucleation modes of GaN on SiO2, (100) Si, and (Ill) Si are compared; it is shown that the spatial coherency among the nuclei is most preserved when the growth occurred on the hexagonal Si (111) surface. To circumvent the problem associated with cracking due to a thermal expansion mismatch, we also investigate the possibility of using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) scheme. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-418-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 512 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BL88B UT WOS:000077032000009 ER PT S AU Perlin, P Kisielowski, C Mattos, L Shapiro, NA Kruger, J Yang, JW Weber, ER AF Perlin, P Kisielowski, C Mattos, L Shapiro, NA Kruger, J Yang, JW Weber, ER BE DenBaars, S Palmour, J Shur, M Spencer, M TI The magnitude of the piezoelectric effect in InGaN quantum wells SO WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR HIGH POWER, HIGH FREQUENCY AND HIGH TEMPERATURE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for High Power, High Frequency and High Temperature CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON Inc, Cree Res Inc, EMCORE Corp, Northrop Grumman Sci & Technol Ctr AB A photoluminescence from a multiquantum GaN/InxGa1-xN/GaN well structure (x varies between 0.1 to 0.4) was investigated at various temperatures, pumping powers. While the temperature dependence of the peak position indicates normal band to band character of radiative recombination, the large pumping power induced "blue" shift of the peak position (up to 200 meV) can be observed. This kind of shift cannot be easily explained by the band tailing effect but is most likely the result of the screening of the strain-induced piezoelectric field. By evaluating the theoretical values of the piezoelectric fields in the quantum well, we can show that in order to account for the experimental results we have to assume the partial relaxation of the strain. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Perlin, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-418-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 512 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BL88B UT WOS:000077032000029 ER PT S AU Liliental-Weber, Z Benamara, M Richter, O Swider, W Washburn, J Grzegory, I Porowski, S Yang, JW Nakamura, S AF Liliental-Weber, Z Benamara, M Richter, O Swider, W Washburn, J Grzegory, I Porowski, S Yang, JW Nakamura, S BE DenBaars, S Palmour, J Shur, M Spencer, M TI Polarity of GaN SO WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR HIGH POWER, HIGH FREQUENCY AND HIGH TEMPERATURE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for High Power, High Frequency and High Temperature CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON Inc, Cree Res Inc, EMCORE Corp, Northrop Grumman Sci & Technol Ctr AB Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) was applied to study polarity of GaN heterolayers grown by MOCVD on sapphire and SiC substrates and also mechano-chemically polished bulk GaN platelet crystals grown from Ga melt under hydrostatic pressure of N. Heterolayers of GaN grown on both types of substrates showed (0001) Ga polarity, e.g. Ga to N along c-axis. Mechano-chemical etching of bulk GaN platelet crystals leaves one surface smooth and the opposite surface rough with visible damage caused by mechanical polishing. CBED studies showed that the smooth surface has (000 (1) over bar) N polarity, confirming our earlier studies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-418-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 512 BP 363 EP 368 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BL88B UT WOS:000077032000059 ER PT S AU Perlin, P Iota, V Weinstein, BA Teisseyre, H Suski, T Hersee, S Kisielowski, C Weber, ER Yang, JW AF Perlin, P Iota, V Weinstein, BA Teisseyre, H Suski, T Hersee, S Kisielowski, C Weber, ER Yang, JW BE DenBaars, S Palmour, J Shur, M Spencer, M TI High-pressure investigation of InGaN quantum wells. SO WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR HIGH POWER, HIGH FREQUENCY AND HIGH TEMPERATURE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for High Power, High Frequency and High Temperature CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON Inc, Cree Res Inc, EMCORE Corp, Northrop Grumman Sci & Technol Ctr AB We have studied the pressure dependence of photoluminescence for various InGaN quantum wells of different Indium compositions. In contrast to classical quantum well systems such as GaAs/AlGaAs, the pressure coefficients of the photoluminescence peak position of wells of similar parameters can vary greatly, depending on conditions of growth. Generally, the pressure coefficient of the emission peak is much lower than the one predicted for a GaN-InN system We show that this behavior can be related in most cases to the influence of the thick GaN layer compressibility on the strain in the InGaN quantum wells. However, in some cases (Nichia devices), the pressure coefficient of the emission peak seems to be unrelated to the shift of the energy gap of the material, suggesting the involvement of strongly localized electronic states. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Perlin, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Teisseyre, Henryk/A-1394-2017 OI Teisseyre, Henryk/0000-0001-8640-1283 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-418-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 512 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BL88B UT WOS:000077032000065 ER PT S AU Shul, RJ Ashby, CIH Willison, CG Zhang, L Han, J Bridges, MM Pearton, SJ Lee, JW Lester, LF AF Shul, RJ Ashby, CIH Willison, CG Zhang, L Han, J Bridges, MM Pearton, SJ Lee, JW Lester, LF BE DenBaars, S Palmour, J Shur, M Spencer, M TI GaN etching in BCl3/Cl-2 plasmas SO WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR HIGH POWER, HIGH FREQUENCY AND HIGH TEMPERATURE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for High Power, High Frequency and High Temperature CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON Inc, Cree Res Inc, EMCORE Corp, Northrop Grumman Sci & Technol Ctr AB GaN etching can be affected by a wide variety of parameters including plasma chemistry and plasma density. Chlorine-based;plasmas have been the most widely used plasma chemistries to etch GaN due to the high volatility of the GaClx and NClx etch products. The source of Cl and the addition of secondary gases can dramatically influence the etch characteristics primarily due to their effect on the concentration of reactive Cl generated in the plasma. In addition, high-density plasma etch systems have yielded high quality etching of GaN due to plasma densities which are 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than reactive ion etch (RIE) plasma systems. The high plasma densities enhance the bond breaking efficiency of the GaN, the formation of volatile etch products, and the sputter desorption of the etch products from the surface. In this study, we report GaN etch results for a high-density inductively coupled plasma (ICP) as a function of BCl3:Cl-2 flow ratio, de-bias, chamber pressure, and ICP source power. GaN etch rates ranging from similar to 100 Angstrom/min to > 8000 Angstrom/min were obtained with smooth etch morphology and anisotropic profiles. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shul, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-418-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 512 BP 487 EP 493 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BL88B UT WOS:000077032000079 ER PT B AU Tenforde, TS AF Tenforde, TS BE Carlo, GL Supley, M Hersemann, SE Thibodeau, P TI Electromagnetic fields and carcinogenesis - An analysis of biological mechanisms SO WIRELESS PHONES AND HEALTH SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT State of the Science Colloquium on Wireless Phones and Health CY NOV 13-15, 1995 CL UNIV ROME LA SAPIENZA, ROME, ITALY SP Int Comm on Wireless Commun Hlth Res, Wireless Technol Res LLC HO UNIV ROME LA SAPIENZA AB A summary is presented of laboratory research relevant to the possible biological mechanisms through which electromagnetic fields could erect carcinogenic effects. A focus of this discussion is the potential influence of electromagnetic fields on the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer cells. In addition to summarizing and critically evaluating published studies related to electromagnetic fields and carcinogenesis, recommendations are made for future research on this subject, with an emphasis on modulated radiofrequency fields such as those emitted by wireless communication systems. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tenforde, TS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Mailstop P7-52,POB 999,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-8347-8 PY 1998 BP 183 EP 196 PG 14 WC Biology; Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BM16E UT WOS:000077859500014 ER PT B AU Klein, GJ AF Klein, GJ BE Vemuri, B TI Forward deformation of PET volumes using material constraints SO WORKSHOP ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Biomedical Image Analysis CY JUN 26-27, 1998 CL UNIV CA SANTA BARBARA, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence (PAMI) HO UNIV CA SANTA BARBARA AB A method for non-rigidly deforming 3D PET datasets is described. The method uses a Lagrangian motion field description and a forward deformation mapping which conserves total voxel intensities. To regularize the deformation, a large-deformation isotropic strain energy function is used that models the material proper-ties of cardiac tissue. The method it: applied to morion compensation in PET to combine different time frames, or gates, of a cardiac sequence. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8460-7 PY 1998 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1109/BIA.1998.692394 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BL28X UT WOS:000074996500007 ER PT S AU Klein, SR AF Klein, SR BE Krizmanic, JF Ormes, JF Streitmatter, RE TI Bremsstrahlung and pair creation: Suppression mechanisms and how they affect EHE air showers SO WORKSHOP ON OBSERVING GIANT COSMIC RAY AIR SHOWERS FROM >10(20) EV PARTICLES FROM SPACE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Observing Giant Cosmic Ray Air Showers from >10(20)eV Particles from Space CY NOV 13-15, 1997 CL COLLEGE PK, MD AB Most calculations of air shower development have been based on the Bethe-Heitler cross sections for bremsstrahlung and pair production. However, for energetic enough particles, a number of different, external factors can reduce these cross sections drastically, slowing shower development and lengthening the showers. Four mechanisms that can suppress bremsstrahlung and pair production cross sections are discussed, and their effect on extremely high energy air showers considered. Besides lengthening the showers, these mechanisms greatly increase the importance of fluctuations in shower development, and can increase the angular spreading of showers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-788-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 433 BP 132 EP 147 DI 10.1063/1.56141 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL30A UT WOS:000075033900012 ER PT S AU Ankenbrandt, C Geer, S AF Ankenbrandt, C Geer, S BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Accelerator scenario and parameters for the first muon collider and front-end of a muon collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB In November 1997 a workshop was held at, Fermilab to explore the physics potential of the first muon collider, and the physics potential of the accelerator complex at the "front-end" of the collider. This paper describes the configuration of the muon collider accelerator complex, including the major accelerator parameters, and the particle fluxes and luminosities that would result from such a facility. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ankenbrandt, C (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1063/1.56204 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600001 ER PT S AU Palmer, RB AF Palmer, RB CA Muon Collider Collaborat BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Muon collider: Introduction and status SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Parameters are given of machines with center-of-mass (CoM) energies of 3 TeV and 400 GeV but, besides a comment on neutrino radiation, the paper concentrates on progress on the design of a machine to operate at a light Higgs mass, assumed, for this study, to be 100 GeV (CoM). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Palmer, RB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 11 EP 36 DI 10.1063/1.56229 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600002 ER PT S AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, WJ BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Low energy physics and the First Muon Collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB The utilization of low energy physics studies as a step towards the First Muon Collider is discussed. A program of compelling muon and kaon experiments is outlined. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Marciano, WJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1063/1.56205 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600004 ER PT S AU Paige, FE AF Paige, FE BE Geer, S Raja, R TI SUSY before the next Lepton Collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB After a brief review of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and specifically the Minimal Supergravity Model (SUGRA), the prospects for discovering and studying SUSY at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are reviewed. The possible role for a future Lepton Collider - whether mu(+)mu(-) or e(+)e(-) - is also discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Paige, FE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 91 EP 106 DI 10.1063/1.56206 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600007 ER PT S AU Gutierrez, G Littenberg, L AF Gutierrez, G Littenberg, L BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Physics with low energy hadrons SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB The prospects for low energy hadron physics at the front did of a muon collider are discussed. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gutierrez, G (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1063/1.56233 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600009 ER PT S AU Demarteau, M Han, T AF Demarteau, M Han, T BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Higgs boson and Z physics at the first muon collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB The potential for the Higgs boson and Z-pole physics at the first muon collider is summarized, based on the discussions at the "Workshop on the Physics at the First Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider". C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Demarteau, M (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1063/1.56200 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600013 ER PT S AU Carena, M Protopopescu, S AF Carena, M Protopopescu, S BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Prospects for SUSY searches and measurements at a muon collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB We summarize the discussions and main results presented at the SUSY Searches and Measurements Working Group of the Workshop on Physics at the First Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Carena, M (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 193 EP 207 DI 10.1063/1.56208 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600014 ER PT S AU Bhat, PC Eichten, E AF Bhat, PC Eichten, E BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Strong dynamics at the muon collider: Working group report SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB New strong dynamics at the energy scale approximate to 1 TeV is an attractive and elegant theoretical ansatz for the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking. We review here, the theoretical models for strong dynamics, particularly, technicolor theories and their low energy signatures. We emphasize that the fantastic beam energy resolution (sigma(E)/E similar to 10(-4)) expected at the first muon collider (root s = 100-500 GeV) allows the possibility of resolving some extraordinarily narrow technihadron resonances and, Higgs-like techniscalars produced in the s-channeI. Investigating indirect probes for strong dynamics such as search for muon compositeness, we find that the muon colliders provide unparalleled reaches. A big muon collider (root s = 3-4 TeV) would be a remarkable facility to study heavy technicolor particles such as the topcolor Z', to probe the dynamics underlying fermion masses and mixings and to fully explore the strongly interacting electroweak sector. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bhat, PC (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 208 EP 226 DI 10.1063/1.56234 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600015 ER PT S AU Quigg, C AF Quigg, C BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Physics with a millimole of muons SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB The eventual prospect of muon colliders reaching several TeV encourages us to consider the experimental opportunities presented hy very copious stores of muons, approaching 10(21) per year. I summarize and comment upon some highlights of the Fermilab Workshop on Physics at the First Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider. Topics include various varieties of mu mu colliders, mu p colliders, and applications of the intense neutrino beams that can be generated in muon storage rings. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Quigg, C (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 242 EP 257 DI 10.1063/1.56235 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600017 ER PT S AU Littenberg, L AF Littenberg, L BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Can BNL-style studies of K ->pi nu(nu)over-bar be pushed at the FEMC? SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Techniques developed for studying K+ --> pi+ nu(nu)over-bar and K-L --> pi(0)nu(nu)over-bar at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Alternating Gradient Synchrotron are briefly described. The applicability of these approaches at the front end of the First Muon Collider is assessed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Littenberg, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Littenberg, Laurence/0000-0001-8373-7179 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1063/1.56237 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600021 ER PT S AU Ma, H AF Ma, H BE Geer, S Raja, R TI K+ decays in flight, AGS E865 and E923 SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB The status of the current experiment E865 at the AGS, which is designed to search for the lepton number violating decay (K+ --> pi(+)mu(+)e(-)) and study other rare K+ decays, is summarized. A new experiment at the AGS, E923, designed to search for T-violation in K+ --> pi(0)mu(+)nu decays, is also described. The limitation of these experiments and possible improvements at the FEMC are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ma, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 308 EP 317 DI 10.1063/1.56209 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600022 ER PT S AU King, BJ AF King, BJ BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Neutrino physics at a muon collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB An overview is given of the neutrino physics potential of future muon storage rings that use muon collider technology to produce, accelerate and store large currents of muons. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP King, BJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 334 EP 348 DI 10.1063/1.56211 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600025 ER PT S AU Stefanski, R AF Stefanski, R BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Neutrino oscillation physics with BooNE SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Stefanski, R (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 349 EP 357 DI 10.1063/1.56212 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600026 ER PT S AU Geer, S AF Geer, S BE Geer, S Raja, R TI The physics potential of neutrino beams from muon storage rings SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB High-intensity neutrino beams could be produced using a very intense muon source, and allowing the muons to decay in a storage ring containing a long straight section. Taking the parameters of muon source designs that are currently under study for future high luminosity muon colliders, the characteristics of the neutrino beams that could be produced are discussed and some examples of their physics potential given. It is shown that the neutrino and antineutrino beam intensities may be sufficient to produce hundreds of neutrino interactions per pear in a detector on the far side of the Earth. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Geer, S (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 384 EP 390 DI 10.1063/1.56240 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600030 ER PT S AU Yu, J Kotwal, AV AF Yu, J Kotwal, AV BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Measurement of sin(2) theta(W) at the First Muon Collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB This report summarizes the study of the possibility of measuring sin(2) theta(W) using the intense neutrino beam expected from the straight sections of the First Muon Collider ring. This study is based on realistic error calculations from the CCFR and the NuTeV experiments. Using a neutrino detector that is capable of identifying and distinguishing electrons and muons, along with a light isoscalar target, it is conceivable to measure sin(2) theta(W) to the precision equivalent to the W mass uncertainty (experimental) of 30 MeV. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yu, J (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 398 EP 405 DI 10.1063/1.56213 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600032 ER PT S AU Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ Melnikov, K AF Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ Melnikov, K BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Coherent muon-electron conversion in muonic atoms SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Transition rates for coherent muon-electron conversion in muonic atoms, mu N --> cN, are computed for various types of muon number violating interactions. Attention is paid to relativistic atomic effects, Coulomb distortion, finite nuclear size, and nucleon distributions. Discrepancies with previously published results are pointed out and explained. Results are presented for several elements of current and future experimental interest. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Czarnecki, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 409 EP 418 DI 10.1063/1.56214 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600033 ER PT S AU Cooper, MD AF Cooper, MD BE Geer, S Raja, R TI New ideas to improve searches for mu(+) -> e(+)gamma SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Lessons are drawn from the experience of the MEGA experiment in searching for mu(+) --> e(+)gamma. In light of that experience, some ideas are evaluated regarding new searches that might take place in the era of a source of low-energy muons associated with a muon collider. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooper, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 443 EP 452 DI 10.1063/1.56218 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600037 ER PT S AU Mokhov, NV Striganov, SI AF Mokhov, NV Striganov, SI BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Model for pion production in proton-nucleus interactions SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB A nea, phenomenological model has been developed to describe pion production in high-energy proton-nucleus interactions. Spacial attention is paid to low-momentum pions (0.1< p, <2 GeV/c) for intermediate proton momenta 5< p(0) <30 GeV/c. It is shown that the model predictions are in an excellent agreement with data in the entire kinematic region. Comparisons to other models are also presented. The model is embedded into the MARS13 code. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mokhov, NV (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1063/1.56242 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600038 ER PT S AU Klasen, M AF Klasen, M BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Photon scattering in muon collisions SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB We estimate the benefit of muon colliders for photon physics. We calculate the rate at which photons are emitted from muon beams in different production mechanisms. Bremsstrahlung is reduced, beamstrahlung disappears, and laser backscattering suffers from a bad conversion of the incoming to the outgoing photon beam in addition to requiring very short wavelengths. As a consequence, the cross sections for jet photoproduction in mu p and mu(+)mu(-) collisions are reduced by factors of 2.2 and 5 compared to ep and e(+)e(-) machines. However, the cross sections remain sizable and measurable giving access to the photon and proton parton densities down to x values of 10(-3) to 10(-4). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klasen, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.1063/1.56178 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600044 ER PT S AU Flattum, E AF Flattum, E CA DO CDF Collaboration BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Search for supersymmetry at the Tevatron SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB We discuss is the search for supersymmetry at the Fermilab Tevatron by the DO and CDF collaborations in collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV. The searches are performed in the jets plus is not an element of(T) leptons plus is not an element of(T), and photons plus is not an element of(T) channels. In these channels there is no excess of events over the expected backgrounds. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Flattum, E (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1063/1.56246 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600048 ER PT S AU Paige, FE AF Paige, FE BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Sleptons at a first muon collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Signatures for sleptons, which have been extensively studied for the Next Linear Collider, are reexamined taking into account some of the different features of a First Muon Collider. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Paige, FE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 537 EP 542 DI 10.1063/1.56219 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600050 ER PT S AU Cheng, HC AF Cheng, HC BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Flavor and CP violations from sleptons at the muon collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Supersymmetric theories generally have new flavor and CP violation sources in the squark and slepton mass matrices. They will contribute to the lepton flavor violation processes, such as mu --> e gamma, which can be probed far below the current bound with an intense muon source at the front end of the muon collider. In addition, if sleptons can be produced at tl, muon collider, the flavor violation can occur at their production and decay, allowing us to probe the flavor mixing structure directly. Asymmetry between numbers of mu(+)e(-) and e(+)mu(-) events will be a sign for CP violation in supersymmetric flavor mixing. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cheng, HC (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.1063/1.56220 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600054 ER PT S AU Raja, R Tollestrup, A AF Raja, R Tollestrup, A BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Calibrating the energy of a 50 x 50 GeV Muon Collider using spin precession SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB The neutral Higgs boson is expected to have a mass in the region 90-150 GeV/c(2) in various schemes within the Minimal Supersymmetric extension to the Standard Model. A first generation Muon Collider is uniquely suited to investigate the mass, width and decay modes of the Higgs boson, since the coupling of the Higgs to muons is expected to be strong enough for it to be produced in the s channel mode in the muon collider. Due to the narrow width of the Higgs, it is necessary to measure and control the energy of the individual muon bunches to a precision of a few parts in a million. We investigate the feasibility of determining the energy scale of a muon collider ring with circulating muon beams of 50 GeV energy by measuring the turn by turn variation of the energy deposited by electrons produced by the decay of the muons. This variation is caused by the existence of an average initial polarization of the muon beam and a non-zero value of g - 2 for the muon. We demonstrate that it is feasible to determine the energy scale of the machine with this method to a few parts per million using data collected during 1000 turns. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Raja, R (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 583 EP 596 DI 10.1063/1.56252 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600057 ER PT S AU Willocq, S AF Willocq, S BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Electroweak and heavy flavor physics at SLD SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB We review recent electroweak and B physics results obtained in polarized c(+)e(-) interactions at the SLC by the SLD experiment. Unique and precise measurements of the electroweak parameters A(e), A(b), A(c), R-b and R-c provide powerful constraints on the Standard Model. The excellent 3-D vertexing capabilities of SLD are further exploited to extract precise B+ anti B-d(0) lifetimes, as well as measurements of the time evolution of B-0 - (B) over bar(0) mixing. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Willocq, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1063/1.56253 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600059 ER PT S AU King, BJ AF King, BJ BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Estimates of vertex tagging efficiencies at a muon collider Higgs factory SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Tagging efficiencies and purities are estimated for the decay modes H --> b (b) over bar, H --> tau<(tau)over bar> and H --> c (c) over bar of Higgs bosons produced at arl s-channel muon collider Higgs factory. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP King, BJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 621 EP 626 DI 10.1063/1.56254 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600060 ER PT S AU Womersley, J AF Womersley, J BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Prospects for Higgs at the Tevatron SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB The current status of simulation studies for the observation of a standard-model or lightest supersymmetric Higgs boson at TeV33 are reviewed. Latest studies indicate that the mass range 60 < m(H) less than or similar to 130 GeV can be covered at the 5-standard-deviation level with 30 fb(-1), using the WH and ZH channels. This is the full allowed mass range for the lightest Higgs h of minimal supersymmetry. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Womersley, J (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 627 EP 634 DI 10.1063/1.56181 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600061 ER PT S AU Kamal, B Marciano, WJ Parsa, Z AF Kamal, B Marciano, WJ Parsa, Z BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Higgs resonance studies at the First Muon Collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Higgs resonance signals and backgrounds at the First Muon Collider are discussed. Effects due to beam polarization and background angular distributions (forward-backward charge asymmetries) are examined. The utility of those features for improving precision measurements and narrow resonance "discovery" scans is described. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kamal, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1063/1.56184 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600065 ER PT S AU Hill, CT AF Hill, CT BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Topcolor and the first muon collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB We describe a class of models of electroweak symmetry breaking that involve strong dynamics and top quark condensation. A new scheme based upon a seesaw mechanism appears particularly promising. Various implications for the first-stage muon collider are discussed. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hill, CT (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 723 EP 733 DI 10.1063/1.56259 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600072 ER PT S AU Eichten, EJ Keller, S AF Eichten, EJ Keller, S BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Compositeness test at the FMC with Bhabha scattering SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB It is possible that quarks and/or leptons have substructure that will become manifest at high energies. Here we investigate the limits on the muon compositeness scale that could be obtained at the: First Muon Collider using Bhabha scattering. We study this limit as a function of the collider energy and the angular cut imposed by the detector capability. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Eichten, EJ (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 734 EP 741 DI 10.1063/1.56221 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600073 ER PT S AU Womersley, J AF Womersley, J BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Technihadron production at a muon collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Cross sections for relatively low-mass technihadron resonances at a mu(+)mu(-) collider are presented. Such particles would give spectacular signals at the first muon collider. They could Le studied in detail at this machine, making use of its good mass resolution and ability to reconstruct purely hadronic final states. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Womersley, J (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 754 EP 757 DI 10.1063/1.56186 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600075 ER PT S AU Dobrescu, BA AF Dobrescu, BA BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Testing technicolor with scalars at the first muon collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB An interesting class of models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking allows only the third generation fermions to acquire dynamical masses, such that the masses of the first two generations should be given by coupling to a nonstandard "Higgs" doublet. The scalars in the case have large couplings to the second generation, so that they are copiously produced at a muon collider. We analyze the potential for discovery of the neutral scalars in the s-channel, and we show that at resonance there will be observed in excess of 10(5) events per year. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Dobrescu, BA (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 758 EP 765 DI 10.1063/1.56260 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600076 ER PT S AU Raja, R AF Raja, R BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Top quark physics at the next linear collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB We report on the physics capabilities of a linear e(+)e(-) collider operating on or above the top quark threshold. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Raja, R (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 789 EP 796 DI 10.1063/1.56223 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600080 ER PT S AU Parke, S AF Parke, S BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Top quark physics at a polarized Muon Collider SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Top quark pair production is presented at a polarized Muon Collider above the threshold region. The off-diagonal spin basis is the natural basis for this discussion as the top quark pairs are produced in an essentially unique spin configuration for 100% polarization. Modest polarization, say 30%, can lead to 90% of all top quark pair events being in one spin configuration. This will lead to sensitive tests on anomalous top quark couplings. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Parke, S (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1063/1.56226 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600085 ER PT S AU Ng, KY Qian, ZB AF Ng, KY Qian, ZB BE Geer, S Raja, R TI Space-charge effects of the proposed high-intensity Fermilab booster SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Space-charge effects on beam stabilities are studied for the proposed two-ring high-intensity Fermilab booster destined for the muon collider. This includes microwave instabilities and rf potential-well distortions. For the first ring, ferrite insertion is suggested to cancel the space-charge distortion of the rf wave form. To control the inductance of the ferrite during ramping and to minimize resistive loss, perpendicular biasing to saturation is proposed. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ng, KY (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 841 EP 850 DI 10.1063/1.56227 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600086 ER PT S AU Johnstone, C AF Johnstone, C BE Geer, S Raja, R TI High-intensity muon storage rings for neutrino production: Lattice design SO WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS AT THE FIRST MUON COLLIDER AND AT THE FRONT END OF A MUON COLLIDER SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics at the 1st Muon Collider and at the Front End of a Muon Collider CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL HO FERMI NATL ACCELERATOR LAB AB Five energies, 250, 100, 50, 20, and 10 GeV, have been explored in the design of a muon storage ring for neutrino-beam production. The ring design incorporates exceptionally long straight sections with large beta functions in order to produce an intense, parallel neutrino beam via muon decay. To emphasize compactness and reduce the number of muon decays in the arcs, high-field superconducting dipoles are used in the are design. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Johnstone, C (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-793-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 435 BP 851 EP 855 DI 10.1063/1.56228 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL87N UT WOS:000077023600087 ER PT S AU Wangler, TP Merrill, F Rybarcyk, L Ryne, R AF Wangler, TP Merrill, F Rybarcyk, L Ryne, R BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Space charge in proton linacs SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wangler, TP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE-1,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900001 ER PT S AU Macek, RJ AF Macek, RJ BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI PSR experience with beam losses, instabilities and space charge effects SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Macek, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 116 EP 127 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900009 ER PT S AU Popovic, M Ankenbrandt, C AF Popovic, M Ankenbrandt, C BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Performance and measurements of the Fermilab booster SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB We will describe measurements of the beam in the Fermilab Booster during the first five milliseconds. Most of the particle losses in the Booster are over after the first few milliseconds. At high intensity of 4 x 10(12) the transmission is 75%. Such high beam loss can be a limiting factor for future high repetition rate operation of the Booster. The evidence, although indirect, suggests that the losses are the result of incoherent space-charge effects at low energy. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Popovic, M (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 128 EP 134 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900010 ER PT S AU Roser, T AF Roser, T BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI High intensity performance and upgrades at the Brookhaven AGS SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Roser, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900011 ER PT S AU Weng, WT AF Weng, WT BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI SNS accumulator ring design and space charge considerations SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB The goal of the proposed Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is to provide a short pulse proton beam of about 0.5 mu s with average beam power of 1MW. To achieve such purpose, a proton storage ring operated at 60Hz with 1x10(14) protons per pulse at 1GeV is required. The Accumulator Ring (AR) receives 1msec long H- beam bunches of 28mA from a 1GeV linac. Scope and design performance goals of the AR are presented. About 1200 turns of charge exchange injection is needed to accumulate 1mA in the ring. After a brief description of the lattice design and machine performance parameters, space charge related issues, such as: tune shifts, stopband corrections, halo generation and beam collimation etc. will be discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Weng, WT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 152 EP 167 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900013 ER PT S AU Neri, F AF Neri, F BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Longitudinal space charge compensation at PSR SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Neri, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 171 EP 177 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900014 ER PT S AU Ng, KY AF Ng, KY BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Some issues on the RF system in the 3 GeV Fermilab pre-booster SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB Some issues are presented on the rf system in the future Fermilab pre-booster, which accelerates 4 bunches each containing 0.25 x 10(14) protons from 1 to 3 GeV kinetic energy. The problem of beam loading is discussed. The proposal of having a non-tunable fixed-frequency rf system is investigated. Robinson's criteria for phase stability are checked and possible Robinson instability growth is computed. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ng, KY (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 178 EP 188 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900015 ER PT S AU Zhang, SY AF Zhang, SY BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Space charge effect and the booster to AGS transfer SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, SY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 198 EP 209 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900017 ER PT S AU Blaskiewicz, M AF Blaskiewicz, M BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI An exactly solvable model of transverse stability in bunched beams SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB An exactly solvable model of transverse stability in bunched beams is presented. The model assumes a square well longitudinal potential with a hollow longitudinal phase space distribution. The effects of space charge in conjunction with both short and long range wake fields as well as damping systems are investigated. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Blaskiewicz, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900018 ER PT S AU Barnard, JJ Craig, GD Friedman, A Grote, DP Losic, B Lund, SM AF Barnard, JJ Craig, GD Friedman, A Grote, DP Losic, B Lund, SM BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Emittance growth in heavy ion rings due to the effects of space charge and dispersion SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB We review the derivation of moment equations which include the effects of space charge and dispersion in bends first presented in ref. [I]. These equations generalize the familiar envelope equations to include the dispersive effects of bends. We review the application of these equations to the calculation of the change in emittance resulting from a sharp transition from a straight section to a bend section, using an energy conservation constraint. Comparisons of detailed 2D and 3D simulations of intense beams in rings using the WARP code (refs. [2,3]) are made with results obtained from the moment equations. We also compare the analysis carried out in ref. [1], to more recent analyses, refs. [4,5]. We further examine self-consistent distributions of beams in bends and discuss the relevance of these distributions to the moment equation formulation. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barnard, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-645, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 221 EP 232 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900019 ER PT S AU Holmes, JA Galambos, JD Olsen, DK Lee, SY AF Holmes, JA Galambos, JD Olsen, DK Lee, SY BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI An RMS particle core model for rings SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB A self-consistent set of equations for the azimuthal variation of rms betatron oscillation amplitudes, including the effects of dispersion and space charge, is derived. These effective envelope equations can be integrated over the beam energy distribution to provide space charge forces in a particle core model for rings. The derivation of the envelope equations involves an accelerator ordering scheme for the beam dynamics and a statistical moments analysis of the canonical distribution function in the six-dimensional phase space of the beam Hamiltonian. The azimuthal variation of the second moments of the transverse canonical coordinates, x(beta) and z(beta),integrated over the kinetic distribution function of the beam, provides the rms equations. These equations, at fixed beam energy, are integrated over the beam energy distribution to provide the overall space charge distribution and force. Because the envelope equations and dispersion function both depend upon and determine the space charge forces, the consistency of the particle core model requires either analytic closure assumptions or numerical iteration. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, FEDC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Holmes, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, FEDC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 254 EP 270 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900022 ER PT S AU Raparia, D Alessi, JG Lee, YY Weng, WT AF Raparia, D Alessi, JG Lee, YY Weng, WT BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Achromat with linear space charge for bunched beams SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB The standard definition for an achromat is a transport line having zero values for the spatial dispersion (R16) and the angular dispersion (R26). In the presence of linear space charge this definition of achromaticity does not hold. The linear space charge in the presence of a bend provides coupling between (a) bunch spatial width and bunch length (R15) and (b) bunch angular spread and bunch length (R25). Therefore, achromaticity should be redefined as a line having zero values of the spatial dispersion (R16), the angular dispersion (R26), and matrix elements R15 & R25. These additional conditions (R15=R25=0) can be achieved, for example, with two small RF cavities at appropriate locations in the achromat, to cancel space charge effects. An example of the application of this technique to the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) high energy beam transport line will be presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Raparia, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900023 ER PT S AU Wang, TSF AF Wang, TSF BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI The space-charge impedance of rf-shielding wires SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB We studied the electrostatic fields due to the longitudinal and transverse perturbations of a charged particle beam with a uniform distribution propagating inside an rf-shielding cage constructed from evenly-spaced conducting wires. Simple formulae are derived for estimating the space-charge impedances. Numerical examples are given for illustration. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, TSF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,LANSCE 1,MS H817, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 286 EP 297 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900025 ER PT S AU Beebe-Wang, J AF Beebe-Wang, J BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Tune shift due to non-linear space charge effect SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB Betatron tune shift due to space charge effect is investigated by solving the equation of motion of particles including total space charge (linear and non-linear part). We introduce a binomial representation for 4-dimensional phase space distribution, which can characterize the important factors to tune shift while largely reducing the mathematical difficulties. With this representation, a numerically solvable equation of motion is obtained. From its solution, betatron tune is deduced by FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation). We derive the tune shift as function of beam current, amplitude of betatron oscillation and the particle distribution. We also present the differences between tune shifts calculated by including total space charge effect and including only its linear term. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Beebe-Wang, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, 911A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 298 EP 314 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900026 ER PT S AU Friedman, A AF Friedman, A BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Overview of the WARP code and studies of transverse resonance effects SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB Two papers presented at the Shelter Island workshop are very briefly summarized here, in view of recent publications elsewhere. The WARP code, developed for Heavy-Ion beam-driven inertial confinement Fusion (HIF) accelerator studies, combines features of a particle-in-cell plasma simulation and an accelerator tracking program. Its methods and architecture have been developed for efficiency both in detailed simulation of individual machine sections and in long-time beam tracking. The transverse "slice" model in the code has been applied to the study of transverse resonance effects associated with quadrupole strength errors. These simulations confirm that rapid passage through a resonance can reduce the associated mismatch and emittance growth. References to published details and to other sources of information are supplied. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Friedman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 329 EP 331 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900028 ER PT S AU Galambos, J Holmes, J Olsen, D Whealton, J Blaskiewicz, M Luccio, A Beebe-Wang, J AF Galambos, J Holmes, J Olsen, D Whealton, J Blaskiewicz, M Luccio, A Beebe-Wang, J BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Progress towards understanding transverse space charge effects on SNS ring injection SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, FEDC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Galambos, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, FEDC, 10H Union Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 332 EP 343 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900029 ER PT S AU Holmes, JA Galambos, JD Whealton, JH Olsen, DK Blaskiewicz, M Luccio, A Beebe-Wang, J Lee, SY AF Holmes, JA Galambos, JD Whealton, JH Olsen, DK Blaskiewicz, M Luccio, A Beebe-Wang, J Lee, SY BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Space charge calculations in rings for uniform focusing, FODO, and doublet lattices SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB This paper presents the results of calculations of the transverse effects of space charge of coasting beams in rings for three globally comparable lattice configurations: uniform focusing, FODO, and doubler. The parameters of the lattices and the H-. beam are chosen similar to those of the SNS accumulator ring. Three models for space charge are considered: 1) a particle core model based on rms beam parameters, 2) a self-consistent particle-in-cell (PIC) model, and 3) a phase-averaged PIC model. In all cases both matched and mismatched K-V distributions are considered by randomly initializing, and then tracking, collections of macroparticles representing the beam. In the particle core model the initial rms values of the macroparticle distributions are used as initial values for solving the envelope equations, including space charge forces and dispersion effects. For matched beams the calculations, performed using a modified version of the injection and tracking code, ACCSIM, reveal only a slight emittance growth and no halo generation with the particle core model. However, the self-consistent PIC model yields greater emittance growth and halo generation, particularly for the doublet lattice in the vertical plane. When the calculations are performed with the phase-averaged particle-in-cell (PIC) model, the results agree substantially with the particle core model, suggesting that the observed self-consistent PIC results are not a consequence of numerical truncation. As further confirmation, we have performed numerical convergence studies using the doublet lattice, and have observed the behavior of the self-consistent PIC model to persist. The tendency for emittance growth and halo generation in the doublet lattice is not surprising, as the fluctuations in beam area, which are an excellent indicator of space charge forces, are larger and more rapid than for the other lattices. For mismatched beams, only the particle core model has been applied at present, and good beam transport is obtained with up to 25% envelope oscillation amplitudes for all three lattices. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, FEDC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Holmes, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, FEDC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 344 EP 358 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900030 ER PT S AU Luccio, AU Beebe-Wang, J Blaskiewicz, M Galambos, J Holmes, J Olsen, D AF Luccio, AU Beebe-Wang, J Blaskiewicz, M Galambos, J Holmes, J Olsen, D BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI A particle simulation code for a high intensity accelerator ring SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB A computer code to simulate in 6 phase-space dimensions the dynamics of a high intensity particle beam in a circular accelerator is being created as a collaborative effort of two laboratories. The main and immediate purpose of the code is to study in detail the behavior of the 1 GeV proton accumulator ring for the Spallation Neutron Source to be built at Oak Ridge. The structure of the code and some of the basic guidelines are described. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dpet, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Luccio, AU (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dpet, 911B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 390 EP 407 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900034 ER PT S AU Stoltz, PH Lee, WWL Davidson, RC AF Stoltz, PH Lee, WWL Davidson, RC BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Nonlinear delta F simulation studies of high-intensity matched-beam propagation in periodic-focusing transport systems SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB The nonlinear delta F formalism based on the Vlasov-Poisson equations is used to describe the propagation of a matched, high-intensity ion beam through a periodic-focusing solenoidal field in the thin-beam approximation (r(b) much less than S). The distribution function F-b is divided into a zero-order part (F-b(0)) plus a perturbation (delta F-b) which evolve nonlinearly in the zero-order and perturbed field configurations. To illustrate the application of the technique to axisymmetric, matched-beam propagation, nonlinear delta F simulation results are presented for the case of a periodic solenoidal focusing field in which the (oscillatory) coupling coefficient kappa(z)(s) turns on adiabatically about a constant average value <(kappa)over bar>(z). For a field oscillation which turns on gradually over about twenty lattice periods, the amplitude of the mismatch oscillation is reduced by about one order-of-magnitude compared to the case where the field is turned on suddenly. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Stoltz, PH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 408 EP 419 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900035 ER PT S AU Whealton, JH Raridon, RJ Olsen, DK Galambos, JD Holmes, JA AF Whealton, JH Raridon, RJ Olsen, DK Galambos, JD Holmes, JA BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Nonlinear self consistent high resolution beam halo algorithm in homomorphic and weakly chaotic systems SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source AB A technique is described which enables high resolution of halo in beam dynamic studies by direct simulation The method consists in first solving the beam dynamics problem using coarse initial data The regions of the initial data, which result in beam halo, or extremums in phase space, are identified. The dynamics are resolved by continuing the calculation using initial data points slightly offset from those that result in halo formation, thus filling in the halo structure. The solution is repeated with appropriate scaling of such things as charge per orbit etc. This process may be continued indefinitely. The method can also shed some light on the halo generation in weakly chaotic systems. The scheme is essentially different from the Delta f method in that no assumption is made about f(o). As an example, a bifurcation in a non-trivial space charge dominated homomorphic problem is resolved self-consistently using minor computational resources, rather than having to perform the calculation for 250 trillion effective particles. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Whealton, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Bldg 9108, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 420 EP 428 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900036 ER PT S AU Luccio, AU AF Luccio, AU BE Luccio, AU Weng, WT TI Working group on simulation: Summary SO WORKSHOP ON SPACE CHARGE PHYSICS IN HIGH INTENSITY HADRON RINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Charge Physics in High Intensity Hadron Rings CY MAY, 1998 CL SHELTER ISL, NY SP Spallat Neutron Source C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Luccio, AU (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, 911B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-824-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 448 BP 441 EP 446 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM13W UT WOS:000077766900039 ER PT B AU Parker, LE AF Parker, LE BE Callaos, N Holmes, L Osers, R TI Distributed control of multi-robot teams: Cooperative baton passing task SO WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL 4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Multi-Conference on Systemics Cybernetics, and Informatics (SCI 98)/4th International Conference on Information Systems, Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 98) CY JUL 12-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, CUST, Int Inst Adv Studies Syst Res & Cybernet, Soc Appl Syst Res DE multi-robot teams; cooperative control; ALLIANCE; distributed robotics ID ARCHITECTURE AB This research addresses the problem of achieving fault tolerant cooperation within small- to medium-sized teams of heterogeneous mobile robots. We describe a novel behavior-based, fully distributed architecture, called ALLIANCE, that utilizes adaptive action selection to achieve fault tolerant cooperative control. The robots in this architecture possess a variety of high-level functions that they can perform during a mission, and must at all times select an appropriate action based on the requirements of the mission, the activities of other robots, the current environmental conditions, and their own internal states. Since such cooperative teams often work in dynamic and unpredictable environments, the software architecture allows the team members to respond robustly and reliably to unexpected environmental changes and modifications in the robot team that may occur due to mechanical failure, the learning of new skills, or the addition or removal of robots from the team by human intervention. After presenting ALLIANCE, we describe our implementation of this architecture on a team of physical mobile robots performing a cooperative baton passing task. These experiments illustrate the ability of ALLIANCE to achieve adaptive, fault-tolerant cooperative control amidst dynamic changes during the task. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parker, LE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-07-5081-9 PY 1998 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU33G UT WOS:000175705900015 ER PT B AU Barrett, CL Mortveit, HS Reidys, CM AF Barrett, CL Mortveit, HS Reidys, CM BE Callaos, N Holmes, L Osers, R TI On theoretical issues of computer simulations sequential dynamical systems SO WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL 4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Multi-Conference on Systemics Cybernetics, and Informatics (SCI 98)/4th International Conference on Information Systems, Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 98) CY JUL 12-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, CUST, Int Inst Adv Studies Syst Res & Cybernet, Soc Appl Syst Res DE sequential dynamical systems; fixed points; structure; orderings AB This paper is a short version of [3]. We study a class of discrete dynamical systems that is motivated by the generic structure of simulations. The systems consist of the following data: (a) a finite graph Y with vertex set {1,...,n} where each vertex has a binary state, (b) functions F-i : F-2(n) --> F-2(n) and (c) an update ordering pi. The functions Fi update the binary state of vertex i as a function of the state of vertex i and its Y-neighbors and leave the states of all other vertices fixed. The update ordering is a permutation of the Y-vertices. By composing the functions Fi in the order given by pi one obtains the dynamical system ((1)zeta(Y), pi) = Pi(i=1)(n) F-pi(i) : F-2(n) --> F-2(n), i.e., a representative for the equivalence class of sequential dynamical systems [(1)zeta(Y), pi] = {((1)zeta(Y), pi') \ ((1)zeta(Y), pi') = ((1)zeta(Y),pi)} which we - refer to as S-DS. We derive a decomposition result, characterize invertible S-DS and study fixed points. In particular we analyse how many different SDS that can be obtained by reordering a given multiset of update functions and give a criterion for when one can derive concentration results on this number. Finally, some specific SDS axe investigated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, TSA, DO SA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barrett, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, TSA, DO SA, MS M997,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-07-5081-9 PY 1998 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU33G UT WOS:000175705900023 ER PT B AU Dubchak, I AF Dubchak, I BE Callaos, N Holmes, L Osers, R TI Protein fold prediction in the context of fine-grained classifications SO WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL 4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Multi-Conference on Systemics Cybernetics, and Informatics (SCI 98)/4th International Conference on Information Systems, Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 98) CY JUL 12-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, CUST, Int Inst Adv Studies Syst Res & Cybernet, Soc Appl Syst Res ID SEQUENCES C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dubchak, I (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-07-5081-9 PY 1998 BP 262 EP 262 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU33G UT WOS:000175705900041 ER PT S AU Warwick, T Padmore, HA Ade, H AF Warwick, T Padmore, HA Ade, H BE McNulty, I TI Bend magnet beam line for scanning transmission x-ray microscopy at the advanced light source SO X-RAY MICROFOCUSING: APPLICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Microfocusing - Applications and Techniques CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE scanning transmission x-ray microscopy; zone plates; bend magnet beam line AB A bend magnet at the Advanced Light Source is sufficiently bright to illuminate a scanning transmission x-ray microscope, with a zone plate lens to focus the soft x-ray beam at the diffraction limit. The beam line must be carefully optimized for this one purpose if high count-rates, of the order of 1MHz, are to be achieved in the microscope. Such a design is described. The nominal resolving power is 2000 from 150eV to 600eV using a single spherical diffraction grating. Twice the resolving power is available at reduced flux, and the intensity can be traded independently against the spatial and spectral resolution. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Warwick, T (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2904-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3449 BP 12 EP 18 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM20B UT WOS:000078011400002 ER PT S AU Kemner, KM Yun, W Cai, Z Lai, B Lee, HR Legnini, DG Rodrigues, W Jastrow, J Miller, RM Pratt, ST Schneegurt, MA Kulpa, CF Smucker, AJM AF Kemner, KM Yun, W Cai, Z Lai, B Lee, HR Legnini, DG Rodrigues, W Jastrow, J Miller, RM Pratt, ST Schneegurt, MA Kulpa, CF Smucker, AJM BE McNulty, I TI Using X-ray microprobes for environmental research SO X-RAY MICROFOCUSING: APPLICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Microfocusing - Applications and Techniques CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE zone plates; environmental science; soil science; botany; X-ray microbeams; X-ray imaging; synchrotron; biogeochemistry AB Understanding the fate of environmental contaminants is of fundamental importance in the development and evaluation of effective remediation strategies. Among the factors influencing the transport of these contaminants are the chemical speciation of the sample and the chemical and physical attributes of the surrounding medium. Characterization of the spatial distribution and chemical speciation at micron and submicron resolution is essential for studying the microscopic physical, geological, chemical, and biological interfaces that play a crucial role in determining contaminant fate and mobility. Hard X-ray spectroscopy and imaging are powerful techniques for the element-specific investigation of complex environmental samples at the needed micron and submicron resolution. An important advantage of these techniques results from the large penetration depth of hard X-rays in water. This minimizes the requirements for sample preparation and allows the detailed study of hydrated samples. This paper discusses some current problems in environmental science that can be addressed by using synchrotron-based X-ray imaging and spectroscopy. These concepts are illustrated by the results of recent X-ray microscopy studies at the Advanced Photon Source. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kemner, KM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2904-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3449 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1117/12.330354 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM20B UT WOS:000078011400006 ER PT S AU McNulty, I Frigo, SP Retsch, CC Wang, Y Feng, YP Qian, Y Trakhtenberg, E Tieman, B Cha, BC Goetze, K Mooney, T Haddad, WS AF McNulty, I Frigo, SP Retsch, CC Wang, Y Feng, YP Qian, Y Trakhtenberg, E Tieman, B Cha, BC Goetze, K Mooney, T Haddad, WS BE McNulty, I TI Design and performance of the 2-ID-B scanning x-ray microscope SO X-RAY MICROFOCUSING: APPLICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Microfocusing - Applications and Techniques CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE scanning x-ray microscope; microtomography; microspectroscopy; nanometer scale; 1-4 keV x-rays AB We have constructed a high resolution scanning x-ray microscope at the 2-ID-B beamline at the Advanced Photon Source for 1-4 keV x-ray imaging and microspectroscopy experiments. The microscope uses a Fresnel zone plate to focus coherent x-ray undulator radiation to a 150 nm focal spot on a sample. The spectral flux in the focus is 10(8) ph/s/0.1% BW. X-ray photons transmitted by the sample are detected by an avalanche photodiode as the sample is scanned to form an absorption image. The sample stage has both coarse and fine translation axes for raster scanning and a rotation axis for microtomography experiments. The incident x-ray beam energy can also be scanned via the 2-ID-B monochromator while the sample is kept in focus to record spatially resolved absorption spectra. We have measured the performance of the instrument with various test objects. The microscope hardware, software, and performance are discussed in this paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McNulty, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2904-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3449 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.330333 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM20B UT WOS:000078011400008 ER PT S AU Ilinski, P AF Ilinski, P BE McNulty, I TI The effect of small radiation divergence on measurements of the source size SO X-RAY MICROFOCUSING: APPLICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Microfocusing - Applications and Techniques CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE storage ring; undulator radiation; beam size; beam divergence; phase space representation; matrix method AB Third-generation storage rings have small particle beam emittances. The size of the particle beam can be determined from the measured image size of the focused radiation source. Undulators are preferred as radiation sources at third-generation storage rings, the radiation emitted by an undulator has both small size and divergence. The effect of the small beam divergence on determination of the source size is discussed here. The analysis is performed in an approximation of a Gaussian distribution of the radiation intensity. The paraxial approximation and matrix methods were also used for this derivation. It was found that the effect of the small beam divergence depends on the ratio of the angular acceptance of the source to the divergence of the emitted radiation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Fac Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ilinski, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Fac Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2904-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3449 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1117/12.330350 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM20B UT WOS:000078011400011 ER PT S AU Lai, B Yun, W Maser, J Cai, Z Rodrigues, W Legnini, D Chen, Z Krasnoperova, AA Vladimirsky, Y Cerrina, F Di Fabrizio, E Gentili, M AF Lai, B Yun, W Maser, J Cai, Z Rodrigues, W Legnini, D Chen, Z Krasnoperova, AA Vladimirsky, Y Cerrina, F Di Fabrizio, E Gentili, M BE McNulty, I TI Advanced zone plate microfocusing optics SO X-RAY MICROFOCUSING: APPLICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Microfocusing - Applications and Techniques CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE fresnel zone plates; x-ray optics; microfocusing AB Fresnel zone plates (ZP) have gained popularity as the optics of choice for advanced microfocusing applications. The main virtues of ZP are high resolution, high efficiency, low background, coherence preservation, and ample working distance. Zone plates are also unique because they are a normal incidence x-ray optics, which are much easier to align and use compared to other grazing incidence optics. We will report here recent progress that has drastically enhanced the performance of ZPs in I) higher spatial resolution 2) higher focusing efficiency, and 3) extension to higher energies. With these new developments, zone plates have proven to be one of the best microfocusing optics for monochromatic x-ray beams. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lai, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2904-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3449 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.330340 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM20B UT WOS:000078011400016 ER PT S AU MacDowell, AA Chang, CH Lamble, GM Celestre, RS Patel, JR Padmore, HA AF MacDowell, AA Chang, CH Lamble, GM Celestre, RS Patel, JR Padmore, HA BE McNulty, I TI Progress towards sub-micron hard x-ray imaging using elliptically bent mirrors and its applications SO X-RAY MICROFOCUSING: APPLICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Microfocusing - Applications and Techniques CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray; micro-focusing; x-ray diffraction; x-ray absorption; adaptive optics; bent mirrors; four crystal monochromator AB We have developed an x-ray micro-probe facility utilizing mirror bending techniques that allow white light x-rays (4-12keV) from the Advanced Light Source Synchrotron to be focused down to spot sizes of micron spatial dimensions. We have installed a 4 crystal monochromator prior to the micro-focusing mirrors. The monochromator is designed such it can move out of the way of the input beam, and allows the same micron sized sample to be illuminated with either white or monochromatic radiation. illumination of the sample with white light allows for elemental mapping and Laue X-ray diffraction, whilst illumination of the sample with monochromatic light allows for elemental mapping (with reduced background), micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy and micro-diffraction. The performance of the system will be described as will some of the initial experiments that cover the various disciplines of Earth, Material and Life Sciences. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP MacDowell, AA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2904-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3449 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1117/12.330341 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM20B UT WOS:000078011400017 ER PT S AU Nguyen, TD Barbee, TW AF Nguyen, TD Barbee, TW BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Residual stresses in Mo/Si and Mo2C/Si multilayers SO X-RAY OPTICS, INSTRUMENTS, AND MISSIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Optics, Instruments, and Missions CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE Mo/Si; Mo2C/Si; multilayers; residual stress; stress relaxation; annealing; viscous flow ID INTRINSIC STRESS; THIN-FILMS; AMORPHOUS METALS; RELAXATION AB We report a study of the residual stresses and residual stress relaxation in Mo/Si and Mo2C/Si EUV multilayers. The multilayers were fabricated by magnetron sputter deposition, and stress measured using the substrate curvature laser scanning technique. it was found that Mo2C/Si multilayers exhibit higher compressive stress than Mo/Si of comparable period and layer thickness ratio. The multilayers sputtered at 0.5 mT Ar pressure have higher compressive stress than those sputtered at 2 mT Ar pressure. The data indicate that the residual stresses in the multilayers are primarily determined by the Si layers. Annealing of the multilayers at a heating rate of 5 degrees C/minute as well as at a fixed temperature (isothermal) results in a reduction of the compressive stresses. Near zero stress is achieved after annealing at 300 degrees C. The time dependence of the residual stress decrease during isothermal annealing was found to fit best to a bimolecular viscous flow model of defect annihilation in the amorphous Si layers. The relationships between the effects of annealing on the multilayer microstructure and the observed stress reduction are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94546 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94546 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2899-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3444 BP 543 EP 550 DI 10.1117/12.331274 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM32R UT WOS:000078392400050 ER PT S AU Wiederrecht, GP Wasielewski, MR AF Wiederrecht, GP Wasielewski, MR BE Ducharme, S Stasiak, JW TI Photorefractivity in polymer-stabilized nematic liquid crystals SO XEROGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTORS AND ORGANIC PHOTOREFRACTIVE MATERIALS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Xerographic Photoreceptors and Organic Photorefractive Materials IV CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE photorefractive materials; polymer-stabilized liquid crystals; non-linear optics; photoconductivity ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ACCEPTOR MOLECULES; DONOR AB Polymer-stabilized liquid crystals, consisting of low concentrations of a polymeric electron acceptor, are shown to exhibit significantly enhanced photorefractive properties. The charge generation and transport properties of these composite systems are strongly modified from nematic liquid crystals doped with electron donors and accepters. The new composites are produced by polymerizing a small quantity of a 1,4:5,8-naphthalenediimide electron acceptor functionalized with an acrylate group in an aligned nematic liquid crystal. Photopolymerization creates an anisotropic gel-like medium in which the liquid crystal is free to reorient in the presence of a space charge field, while maintaining charge trapping sites in the polymerized regions of the material. The presence of these trapping sites results in the observation of longer lived, higher resolution holographic gratings in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystals than observed in nematic liquid crystals alone. These gratings display Bragg regime diffraction. Asymmetric beam coupling, photo-conductivity, and four-wave mixing experiments are performed to characterize the photophysics of these novel materials. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wiederrecht, GP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2926-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3471 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.328153 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Polymer Science GA BM32Y UT WOS:000078396200011 ER PT B AU Su, D AF Su, D BE DeRoeck, A Wagner, A TI Heavy quark couplings to the z(0) SO XVIII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LEPTON-PHOTON INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Lepton-Photon Interactions (LP 97) CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP DESY, Int Union Pure & Appl Physics AB This report summarizes the measurements of heavy quark couplings to the Z(0) which provide precision tests of the Standard Model. This summary includes the recent results of R-b, R-c and b, c quark production asymmetries at the Z(0) pole, from the LEP experiments and SLD. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Su, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3393-0 PY 1998 BP 437 EP 463 PG 27 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL90Z UT WOS:000077110600017 ER PT B AU Stanford, SA Elston, R Eisenhardt, PR Spinrad, H Stern, D Dey, A AF Stanford, SA Elston, R Eisenhardt, PR Spinrad, H Stern, D Dey, A BE DOdorico, S Fontana, A Giallongo, E TI An IR-selected galaxy cluster at z=1.27 SO YOUNG UNIVERSE: GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION AT INTERMEDIATE AND HIGH REDSHIFT SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Young Universe - Galaxy Formation and Evolution at Intermediate and High Redshift CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 1997 CL ROME ASTRON OBSERV, MONTE PORZIO CATO, ITALY HO ROME ASTRON OBSERV AB We report the discovery of a galaxy cluster at z = 1.27. ClG J0848+4453 was found in a near-IR field survey as a high density region of objects with very red J - K colors. Optical spectroscopy of a limited number of 24 < R < 25 objects in the area shows that 6 galaxies within a 90 arcsec (0.49 h(100)(-1) Mpc, q(0) = 0.1) diameter region lie at z = 1.273 +/- 0.002. A deep Rosat/PSPC archival observation detects X-ray emission at the 4.6 sigma level coincident with the nominal cluster center. Assuming that the X-ray flux is emitted by hot gas trapped in the potential well of a collapsed system (no AGN are known to exist in the area), the resulting X-ray luminosity in the rest frame 0.1-2.4 keV band of L-x = 1.5 x 10(44) ergs s(-1) suggests the presence of a moderately large mass. ClG J0848+4453 is the highest redshift cluster found in a field galaxy survey. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stanford, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-66-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 146 BP 514 EP 519 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BL75D UT WOS:000076564500089 ER PT J AU Kleinke, H Franzen, HF AF Kleinke, H Franzen, HF TI Crystal structures, bonding and electronic structures of MM ' As, a series of new ternary arsenides (M = Zr, Hf; M ' = Fe, Co, Ni) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE ternary arsenides; crystal structures; bonding AB All six new arsenides were prepared by are-melting of preheated mixtures of the monoarsenides MAs with the 3d metals Fe, Co, and Ni, respectively. The isostructural title compounds all form the Co2Si structure type, in contrast to the corresponding phosphides with ZrNiP occurring in the Ni2In type. The anomalous expansions of the unit cells from ZrCoAs to ZrNiAs (V = 178.5(3) Angstrom(3) versus V = 182.5(1) Angstrom(3)) and from HfCoAs to HfNiAs (V = 175.03(5)Angstrom(3) versus V = 177.0(1)Angstrom(3)) can be understood based on Extended Huckel calculations of the electronic structure of HfCoAs. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Chem, D-3550 Marburg, Germany. RP Franzen, HF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 624 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3749(199801)624:1<51::AID-ZAAC51>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA YR378 UT WOS:000071489400013 ER PT J AU Libowitzky, E Schultz, AJ Young, DM AF Libowitzky, E Schultz, AJ Young, DM TI The low-temperature structure and phase transition of hemimorphite, Zn4Si2O7(OH)(2)center dot H2O SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article ID IR SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN-BONDS; LAWSONITE AB The low-temperature structure of hemimorphite, Zn4Si2O7(OH)(2). H2O, was investigated by neutron diffraction at 20 K using the "Time-Of-Flight" (TOF) method with a four-circle single-crystal diffractometer and a position-sensitive detector at the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) at the Argonne National Laboratory, IL. The reversible second-order phase transition, which had previously been determined at 98(2)K by optical measurements, was confirmed by two TOF neutron histograms acquired at 20 K and 120 K. Whereas the 20 K histogram showed superlattice reflections hkl with k, l = n/2 and intensities up to 30 sigma(I), these reflections were absent in the 120 K data set. In contrast to the room-temperature structure of hemimorphite (Imm2, a similar to 8.37 Angstrom, b similar to 10.73 Angstrom, c similar to 5.12 Angstrom), the additional reflections of the low-temperature structure lead to a supercell with a = 8.354(1) Angstrom, b = 21.519(4) Angstrom c = 10.240(1) Angstrom. According to the general reflection conditions, the low-temperature superstructure of hemimorphite was refined in space group Abm2 (= Acm2 = Aem2) with Rw(F-2) = 0.058. Whereas the room-temperature structure shows dynamically disordered hydroxyl and H2O groups, the low-temperature structure is characterized by an ordered arrangement of non-equivalent hydroxyl groups and rotated H2O molecules linked by an enhanced H bond system along the channels of the structure, thus leading to a doubled c lattice parameter. A partially ordered arrangement of the channels across the structure (using the [1/2, 1/4, 1/4] or [1/2, 1/4, -1/4] translation vectors) results in doubling of the b lattice parameter. According to space group symmetry and additional non-space group reflection conditions Okl with k + l = 4n and h00 with h = 2n, an order/disorder (OD) structure model with microdomains and twinning is proposed. C1 Univ Vienna, Geozentrum, Inst Mineral & Kristallog, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RP Libowitzky, E (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Geozentrum, Inst Mineral & Kristallog, Althanstr 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 1998 VL 213 IS 12 BP 659 EP 668 DI 10.1524/zkri.1998.213.12.659 PG 10 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 150UD UT WOS:000077682900007 ER PT J AU Felton, JS Pais, P Salmon, CP Knize, MG AF Felton, JS Pais, P Salmon, CP Knize, MG TI Chemical analysis and significance of heterocyclic aromatic amines SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR LEBENSMITTEL-UNTERSUCHUNG UND-FORSCHUNG A-FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines CY APR 23-24, 1998 CL GRAZ, AUSTRIA DE heterocyclic amines; cancer; carcinogens ID FRIED BEEF PATTIES; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; COOKED FOODS; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE PHIP; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MUTAGENIC AMINES; COOKING METHOD; MEAT-PRODUCTS AB Levels of known heterocyclic amines vary from undetectable in many meats sold in fast food restaurants, to over 10 ng/g for meats prepared in restaurants that cook food to order, to hundreds of nanograms per gram for some meats cooked under certain home or laboratory conditions. To simulate the dry reactions that seem to occur at the meat surface we developed a model system to mimic these processes. Mixtures of free amino acids, creatinine and glucose, simulating the composition of beef or chicken, heated at 200 degrees C, form eight heterocyclic amines. Besides the commonly found 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoxaline and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-amino-1,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-amino-1,5,6-trimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and 2-amino-1,6-dimethylfuro[3,2-e]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine were also found. The calculated risk of consumption of heterocyclic amines is determined by the dietary dose, the extrapolation of carcinogenic potencies from rodents to humans, and the extrapolation of high rodent doses to low human exposures. Results suggest that DNA binding is linear with dose, but that the human DNA forms more adducts per unit dose than that of the rat. Altogether, the risk appears to be equivalent to that for many carcinogens that are regulated. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Felton, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-4630 J9 Z LEBENSM UNTERS F A JI Z Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A-Food Res. Technol. PY 1998 VL 207 IS 6 BP 434 EP 440 DI 10.1007/s002170050357 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 146LD UT WOS:000077429400004 ER PT J AU Kotula, PG Johnson, MT Carter, CB AF Kotula, PG Johnson, MT Carter, CB TI Thin-film reactions SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solid-state reaction; kinetics; thin-films; oxides; pulsed-laser deposition ID SOLID-STATE REACTIONS; RUTHERFORD BACKSCATTERING; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SPINEL PARTICLES; GROWTH; INTERFACE; KINETICS; NIO; ORIENTATION; ALPHA-AL2O3 AB Thin-film geometries, where at least one of the reactants is in the form of a thin film, are particularly useful for studying the earliest stages of solid-state reactions in oxides. In the present work, a thin-film approach has been developed to study the earliest stages of reactions in two model oxide systems. The first being NiO/Al2O3, where the NiO is an epitactic film on various orientations of single-crystal Al2O3. In this case, both interfacial-reaction and diffusion control of the kinetics have been observed and correlated with the interfacial structure. In the second, a thin-film approach has also allowed reaction kinetics in the system Fe2O3/MgO to be measured. In this case, the Fe2O3 is an epitactic film on an (001)-oriented MgO single crystal. In contrast with the NiO/Al2O3, system only diffusion control of the kinetics was observed. The results of fine-scale 'marker' experiments in both of the above systems will also be discussed. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Kotula, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MS K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Carter, C. Barry/E-6478-2010; Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Carter, C. Barry/0000-0003-4251-9102; Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 1998 VL 206 BP 73 EP 99 PN 1-2 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 131HB UT WOS:000076569200005 ER PT J AU Kraeft, WD Schlanges, M Kremp, D Riemann, J DeWitt, HE AF Kraeft, WD Schlanges, M Kremp, D Riemann, J DeWitt, HE TI Equation of state of strongly coupled plasmas SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Green's functions; dielectric properties; quantum mechanics; statistical thermodynamics; thermodynamics ID HYDROGEN PLASMAS; DENSE-PLASMAS; SOLAR MODELS; POTENTIALS; HELIUM; TRANSITION; EXPANSION; DIFFUSION AB In this paper, a Green's function approach to the equation of state (EOS) is reported for strongly coupled plasmas. In detail, the numerical evaluation for the quantum statistical ring sum (Montroll Ward approximation) and for the anomalous e(4)-exchange contribution is presented. An EOS is given which contains all contributions of the second virial coefficient including bound states (ladders) and contributions of the order (ne(2))(5/2). The current interest in EOS data in astrophysics is outlined. C1 Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kraeft, WD (reprint author), Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 1998 VL 204 BP 199 EP 212 PN 1-2 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 131GZ UT WOS:000076569000015 ER PT J AU Wang, LS Wu, HB AF Wang, LS Wu, HB TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of transition metal clusters SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE photoelectron spectroscopy; metal clusters ID SMALL VANADIUM CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NICKEL CLUSTERS; BAND-STRUCTURE; MAGNETISM; ANIONS; NI; SPECTRA; SURFACE; IRON AB Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) of size-selected anions is a powerful experimental technique to probe the electronic structure of transition metal clusters. Experiments on V and Ni clusters at several detachment photon energies are presented. Results on V clusters reveal clearly how the bulk band structure is developed as cluster size increases. Experiments on Ni clusters show that the cluster electronic structure changes very little above the 14-atom cluster, in contrast to the magnetic properties of these clusters. The PES spectrum of the 13-atom Ni cluster is observed to be particularly narrow, suggesting that this cluster may possess a high symmetry structure with a high degree of degeneracy. Photon energy-dependent PES spectra are shown to yield information about the nature of the electronic states of the clusters. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 100 Sprout Rd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 1998 VL 203 BP 45 EP 55 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YQ001 UT WOS:000071337400004 ER EF